Summary: The article discusses Tianjin's efforts to modernize its urban governance, emphasizing a three-pronged approach: meticulous management ("细管"), intelligent empowerment ("智管"), and collaborative governance ("众管"). It highlights the use of grid management platforms, smart technology like IoT systems for fire safety, and community-level initiatives to improve services and responsiveness. The article references Xi Jinping's February 2024 visit to Tianjin, where he stressed innovative urban governance, resilient city construction, and urban renewal. Hu Xuechun, the Party Secretary and Director of the Tianjin Municipal Urban Management Commission, noted the continuous efforts in building diverse application scenarios to precisely meet the needs of various industries and achieve efficient management and supervision. The article did not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Foreign Ministry Spokesperson announced that the 2025 SCO summit will be held in Tianjin from August 31st to September 1st, hosted by President Xi Jinping. According to Assistant Foreign Minister Liu Bin, this will be China's fifth time hosting the SCO summit, the largest to date, with over 20 foreign leaders and 10 heads of international organizations expected to attend. Xi will deliver keynote speeches at both the SCO Heads of State Council meeting and the "SCO+" meeting, outlining China's views on the organization's future and announcing new initiatives for high-quality development. The summit aims to strengthen cooperation and address global challenges, with Xi also expected to hold welcome banquets and bilateral meetings. There is no mention of the United States.
Summary: The 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit will be held in Tianjin, China, marking China's return to hosting the summit after seven years. Xi Jinping will meet with over 20 foreign leaders and heads of international organizations to discuss development and cooperation. Xi Jinping has emphasized the importance of the "Shanghai Spirit" and multilateralism in the SCO's development, and has advocated for a more just and equitable global governance system. China views the SCO as a priority in its foreign policy and aims to strengthen it through various initiatives and reforms, promoting regional stability and prosperity.
Summary: Premier Li Qiang chaired a State Council executive meeting, emphasizing the effective implementation of policies for large-scale equipment upgrades and trade-ins of consumer goods, while also urging strengthened oversight to prevent subsidy fraud. The meeting further addressed strategies to boost sports consumption and the high-quality development of the sports industry. Additionally, the meeting focused on the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Program and the need for integrated protection and systematic governance. Finally, the meeting addressed the need for a safety overhaul for marine fishing vessels, but the report does not discuss or allude to the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: A central delegation led by Wang Huning visited Tibet, conveying Xi Jinping's greetings and emphasizing the implementation of the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the new era. Different subgroups led by senior officials including Li Ganjie, Zhang Guoqing, Luo Sangjiang Cun, Hu Chunhua, and Zhang Shengmin visited various locations in Tibet. These visits focused on assessing earthquake reconstruction, rural revitalization, border development, ethnic unity, infrastructure projects like hydropower and railways, and ecological protection. Officials stressed ethnic unity, economic development, environmental protection, and border security in Tibet. There was no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment reported that 89% of 3,641 national surface water assessment sections showed "good" or "excellent" water quality in the first half of the year. Local governments are implementing multiple measures and comprehensive management to improve water ecological environment quality. The article includes a photograph of workers clearing floating debris from a reservoir in Hubei province. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the provided text.
Summary: The article emphasizes the transformation of Tibet from a poor, backward region into a vibrant socialist society, describing it as a miracle of Chinese-style modernization. It highlights the interconnectedness of Tibet with the rest of China through infrastructure, economic development, and mutual support, fostering a sense of shared destiny among all ethnic groups. The accomplishments are attributed to the hard work and unity of the people and the Party, particularly praising the contributions of cadres working in Tibet. The article calls for continued adherence to the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the new era, focusing on stability, development, ecology, and border security. There is no discussion on the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan, China has seen a net increase of 19.999 million enterprises and 33.946 million individual businesses. According to the State Administration for Market Regulation, this growth is attributed to optimized regulatory mechanisms and a fair competitive environment. Market entry has become more standardized and market exit has become easier. These changes have spurred development momentum and innovation. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The 2025 SCO summit will be held in Tianjin, where Xi Jinping will chair the meeting and deliver a keynote speech. SCO members anticipate Xi's proposals for the organization's development and further consolidation of the "SCO family." They also praised China's leading role in the SCO's growth, citing initiatives like the "five common homelands" and the Belt and Road Initiative as critical for regional development. Members believe that under China's guidance, the SCO can strengthen its global influence and contribute to a more just global governance system. No mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations was made.
Summary: The 2025 SCO summit will be held in Tianjin from August 31 to September 1, with Xi Jinping hosting over 20 foreign leaders and heads of 10 international organizations. Xi will chair the Council of Heads of State meeting and a "SCO+" meeting, delivering keynote speeches outlining China's vision for the SCO and announcing new measures to support its development. The summit will produce the *Tianjin Declaration*, a 10-year development strategy, and a statement on the 80th anniversary of WWII and the UN. The SCO aims to strengthen global governance and contribute to a more just international order. China emphasizes the SCO's role in jointly building the "Belt and Road" initiative and implementing the Global Development Initiative.
Summary: On August 21, 2025, Pakistani President Zardari met with Politburo member and Foreign Minister Wang Yi in Islamabad. Zardari conveyed his greetings and respect to Xi Jinping, expressing Pakistan's full trust in China, regardless of changing circumstances and appreciation for China's economic assistance. Wang Yi conveyed Xi Jinping's greetings, emphasizing the strength of China-Pakistan relations and China's support for Pakistan's sovereignty. Wang Yi stated that China is willing to work with Pakistan to deepen traditional friendship, strengthen strategic communication, build an "upgraded version 2.0" of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, and jointly safeguard regional peace, stability, and development. No mention of the United States was made.
Summary: During a press conference in Islamabad following the 6th China-Pakistan Foreign Ministers' Strategic Dialogue with Pakistani Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar, Wang Yi discussed China's perspective on the South Asia region and China-Pakistan relations. Wang highlighted the development potential of South Asia, noting his visits to India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. He emphasized that China's relationships with South Asian nations, including Pakistan and India, are not targeted at or influenced by any third party. Wang affirmed China and Pakistan's commitment to multilateralism amidst pressure from unilateral bullying, which can be interpreted as alluding to the United States. Wang also stated that China views Pakistan as an important partner in the UN Security Council, where it can help promote equity and justice.
Summary: The 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit will be held in Tianjin, China, marking China's return to hosting the event after seven years. President Xi Jinping will meet with over 20 foreign leaders and heads of international organizations to discuss development and cooperation, aiming to build a closer SCO community. Xi Jinping has emphasized the importance of the "Shanghai Spirit" for the SCO's development and its role in promoting a more just and reasonable global governance system. The article highlights the SCO's commitment to multilateralism and its opposition to hegemony and protectionism.
Summary: Politburo member of the CPC Central Committee Secretariat and Minister of Public Security Wang Xiaohong met with Politburo member of the Communist Party of Cuba Central Committee and Minister of the Interior Álvarez in Beijing on August 22nd. Wang stated that China is willing to work with Cuba to implement the consensus reached by the top leaders of both parties and countries, strengthen personnel exchanges and law enforcement capacity building, and deepen practical cooperation in law enforcement and security. Álvarez expressed his willingness to strengthen coordination with China to jointly address security risks and challenges. The meeting occurred during the 65th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Cuba.
Summary: An exhibition commemorating the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War opened in Copenhagen. The exhibition, titled "My Friend - Sindberg," showcases the life and heroic deeds of Bernhard Sindberg, a Dane who protected nearly 20,000 Chinese civilians during the Nanjing Massacre. Chinese Ambassador to Denmark Wang Xuefeng stated that Sindberg's actions exemplify the deep friendship between China and Denmark. The commemoration aims to honor history and cherish the hard-won peace.
Summary: The fourth Jordan Children's Film Festival concluded in Amman, with two Chinese films receiving awards. "Me and Grandma," directed by Zheng Yunchang, won the Jury's Best Feature Film Award. "Don't Take Composition Seriously," directed by Ma Lanhua, received the UNICEF Special Award for Children's Rights. The article does not mention any U.S. involvement or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: At a State Council Information Office press conference, State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) Director Luo Wen highlighted achievements in market supervision during the 14th Five-Year Plan, focusing on building a unified national market by breaking down local protectionism and regulating monopolies. Efforts included revising laws, implementing fair competition reviews, and strengthening anti-monopoly enforcement, especially in the platform economy, and included the participation of SAMR Vice Directors Liu Jun and Deng Zhiyong, and National Medical Products Administration Vice Director Yang Sheng. Luo stated that SAMR will further promote the construction of a unified domestic market in the 15th Five-Year Plan. The briefing also covered enhanced supervision of food, drug, and industrial product safety, and efforts to crack down on counterfeit goods.
Summary: This article discusses Zhejiang province's implementation of the "Two Mountains" theory ("Green mountains are gold mountains"), which was first proposed there twenty years ago by Xi Jinping. The report highlights how various villages in Zhejiang have transformed their economies by focusing on ecological preservation and sustainable development, such as developing tourism based on restored natural landscapes and industrial heritage. Examples include villages that shifted from polluting industries to eco-tourism and the development of "zero-carbon villages". The piece also emphasizes the "common prosperity workshops" (共富工坊) initiative, where villages collectively invest in and manage local resources and industries.
Summary: A joint notice from several ministries and administrations clarifies the specific procedures for claiming individual pension funds. Participants can claim funds under various circumstances, including reaching retirement age, total loss of working capacity, emigration, high medical expenses, prolonged unemployment, or receipt of minimum living security benefits. Applications can be submitted through national online platforms, banks, or social insurance agencies, with funds transferred to the applicant's social security card bank account after tax deductions. The notice emphasizes strengthened information sharing to streamline the application process.
Summary: A central delegation led by Wang Huning visited Tibet, conveying Xi Jinping's greetings and emphasizing the importance of implementing the Party's strategy for governing Tibet. Wang Huning inspected earthquake reconstruction efforts in Shigatse and stressed deepening reform and opening up. Separately, Li Ganjie visited the Ngari region, focusing on border development and ethnic unity. Zhang Guoqing visited Chamdo, emphasizing ethnic unity and promoting high-quality development. Other groups were led by leading officials to other parts of Tibet, also stressing ethnic unity and border security.
Summary: Following the end of the South China Sea's summer fishing moratorium on August 16th, fishing boats in Hainan province have returned to ports like Wuchang Port in Wanning City with full catches. Local markets are now experiencing an influx of fresh seafood. The article does not mention US-China relations or any U.S. involvement.
Summary: A report from the State Taxation Administration indicates that policies promoting large-scale equipment upgrades and trade-ins of consumer goods have demonstrably boosted economic activity. VAT invoice data from April 2024 to July 2025 shows increased equipment purchases by enterprises, particularly in the industrial, IT, and technology service sectors, with private companies also contributing significantly. The trade-in program spurred growth in sales of household appliances, furniture, and new energy vehicles. This policy directly stimulated retail demand, which in turn boosted manufacturing sales, contributing to a more efficient domestic economic cycle.
Summary: The Central Propaganda Department and China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. jointly announced the "Most Beautiful Railway Workers," honoring ten individuals for their contributions to railway development. These model workers were recognized for their dedication to various aspects of railway operations, from ensuring safety in challenging environments to promoting technological innovation and improving passenger service. The campaign aims to encourage railway employees to emulate these role models and contribute to the construction of a "transportation powerhouse" (交通强国). Officials from the Central Propaganda Department and China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. presented the awards at the ceremony. The announcement did not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: To commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, a performance event featuring 22 stage art productions will be held in Beijing from late August to late October 2025. The productions will emphasize themes of remembering history, commemorating martyrs, cherishing peace, and creating the future. The performances, which will be both live and online, cover a range of topics from international perspectives on anti-fascism to stories of guerilla fighters and the awakening of the national spirit among the people. The event is sponsored by the Central Propaganda Department and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article profiles several model workers within China's extensive and busy railway system, highlighting their dedication to safety, passenger service, and efficient freight transport. Workers like Chen Yonghong ensure safety on the high-altitude Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-Speed Railway, while others such as Wang Chao master specialized skills like microchip soldering for train maintenance. Passenger service representatives like Kong Xiangpei prioritize passenger needs, even in adverse weather conditions. Wang Tingting exemplifies efforts to optimize freight logistics, while Ding Qiaoren maintains crucial wireless communication equipment for heavy-haul trains.
Summary: The article commemorates沈蔚, a reporter for the *Jizhong Communication Agency* (later *Xinhua News Agency Jizhong Branch*) who died in 1942. During his four years as a journalist, 沈蔚 reported on the anti-Japanese struggle, documenting Japanese atrocities and inspiring local soldiers and civilians. His relative, 沈维生, shared 沈蔚's writings and letters, highlighting his dedication to national salvation.沈蔚's legacy is preserved through educational initiatives and museum exhibitions in both his hometown and the *Jizhong* region. The *Jizhong Guidance News Exhibition Hall* has received nearly 20,000 visitors since opening in 2019.
Summary: The PLA Hong Kong Garrison completed its 28th routine troop rotation on August 22nd, following the Garrison Law. Outgoing troops thanked Hong Kong society for their support during their service. Incoming troops pledged to uphold the "One Country, Two Systems" framework and contribute to Hong Kong's stability under the command of the CCP Central Committee, the Central Military Commission, and Xi Jinping. The Garrison expressed gratitude to the Hong Kong SAR government and community for their support of the rotation.
Summary: Police officers from the Bozidun Border Police Station in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, assisted local herders with harvesting and storing hay. The officers' activities took place in a pastoral area within the station's jurisdiction. The article emphasizes the border police providing direct assistance to the local population. The photograph accompanying the article was taken by Wang Junan.
Summary: The People's Liberation Army (PLA) Macau Garrison conducted its 26th rotation of personnel on August 22nd, in accordance with Macau's Garrison Law and orders from the Central Military Commission. The rotation, which involved troops entering Macau via the Hengqin port, was reported to be conducted in strict compliance with Macau's laws and regulations. The outgoing troops were lauded for safeguarding national sovereignty and contributing to Macau's prosperity, while the incoming troops were said to be well-prepared to fulfill their defense duties. The Macau SAR government and society were reported to have strongly supported the rotation. The United States was not mentioned in the article.
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Summary: The 11th National Art Festival for People with Disabilities was held in Wuhan, Hubei Province, from August 18-20, showcasing performing arts from across China. Organized by multiple ministries and the China Disabled Persons' Federation, the festival featured 2,075 performers, with 1,318 being disabled actors. With the theme "Symphony of Dreams, Jointly Towards a Splendid Chapter of the Times," it aimed to display the cultural and artistic achievements of disabled people during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. This year's event was the largest in history, with an initial 432 video submissions from across the country, whittled down to 152 live performances.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to create a summary for professional analysts of Chinese politics, focusing on key statements, accompanying officials, and any mentions of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Chinese Academy of Sciences academician Zhao Gang discussed the progress of astronomy, highlighting China's historical contributions and current leading role, including projects like the Guo Shoujing Telescope and "China Sky Eye." Zhao emphasized that astronomical breakthroughs are providing new perspectives for understanding the universe, while also driving technological innovation with applications in areas like lunar exploration and satellite precision orbit determination. He also mentioned that the 2024-2050 National Space Science Medium and Long-Term Development Plan lays out a "three-step" strategic plan, with five major scientific themes and seventeen priority development directions. Zhao stressed that space exploration promotes international cooperation, scientific progress, and may even lead to finding new habitable environments.
Summary: The article discusses China's Ali Cosmic Polarization Telescope (AliCPT) experiment in Tibet, which achieved "first light" in April 2025, aiming to detect primordial gravitational waves by searching for B-mode polarization patterns in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). These gravitational waves, originating from the universe's inflationary period, could provide insights into its earliest moments and the nature of spacetime. The AliCPT-1 is the largest effective aperture telescope of its kind and is now in the scientific observation phase. Detecting these waves would provide evidence for the quantum effects of gravity. The experiment is located in the Ali region of Tibet due to its low atmospheric water vapor content, which is crucial for the precision measurements required.
Summary: Peking University, in collaboration with multiple universities and research institutions, has established a "Lunar-like Underground Space" teaching and internship base in the Jingpohu volcanic lava tubes in Heilongjiang province, aiming to accumulate key technology reserves for deep space exploration. The base focuses on geological surveys, CT imaging of underground structures, embodied intelligent inspection, and digital twins, utilizing robots like the "Anteater" and "Salamander" to test performance in lunar-like environments. Peking University has also established a "Comparative Planetology of Impact Craters" teaching practice base in岫岩 County, Liaoning province. These bases aim to provide platforms for planetary science teaching and research, and to contribute to lunar resource utilization technologies. The projects also seek to provide validation scenarios and technical reserves for manned lunar missions and the construction of an international lunar research station.
Summary: The Shenzhou-20 crew recently completed their third extravehicular activity (EVA), with astronaut Chen Dong wearing spacesuit B, which has supported 20 EVAs. This spacesuit, the first to achieve a "4 years, 20 uses" extended lifespan, has been used by 11 astronauts across 8 manned missions. Two new spacesuits, D and E, were delivered by Tianzhou-9 and are in good condition for future EVAs. The development process has allowed for evaluation of the remaining operational lifespan of the suits.
Summary: U.S. researchers have developed a novel cancer therapy that uses bacteria to deliver cancer-killing viruses directly into tumors. The bacteria, specifically Salmonella typhimurium, target the oxygen-poor environment within tumors, acting as a "Trojan horse" to transport and release the viruses. The released viruses then lyse cancer cells. The system incorporates safety mechanisms to prevent the viruses from spreading outside the tumor and affecting healthy tissue. The research, published in *Nature Biomedical Engineering*, offers a new approach to safe and precise cancer treatment.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to accurately and concisely summarize it for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
Summary: University museums in China are playing an increasingly important role in education and cultural preservation. These museums, like the Jiaoda Westward Relocation Museum at Xi'an Jiaotong University, leverage academic resources and historical artifacts to promote patriotic education and showcase China's development. Sichuan University Museum utilizes its research strengths to study cultural relics, contributing to archaeological and ethnic studies. Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Museum displays aircraft like the "Beijing-1" and "Fengru-3," inspiring students and recording China's aerospace achievements; no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations was made in the article.
Summary: The first article, by Chen Yongfu, advises consumers on how to select and consume frozen treats like ice cream and popsicles in a healthier way, emphasizing the importance of checking ingredient lists for additives like artificial sweeteners and hydrogenated oils. It recommends looking for natural pigments and ensuring proper storage conditions of the product. The second article, by Yang Wenming and Zhou Qian, advises on how to avoid snake bites and what to do if bitten, stressing prevention through protective clothing in the wild, maintaining distance from snakes, and seeking prompt medical attention while slowing venom spread. Neither article discusses the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article describes the popularity of wild mushrooms in Yunnan cuisine, particularly during the rainy season. It highlights popular varieties like *niugan jun* (牛肝菌, bolete) and *jizong jun* (鸡枞菌, termite mushroom), and preparation methods such as stir-frying and hot pot. The piece also discusses the development of "mushroom tourism" centered around harvesting and consuming wild mushrooms, as well as efforts at the Kunming Edible Mushroom Research Institute to cultivate *jianshouqing* (见手青, a type of bolete) artificially to meet demand. The "bao shan cai jun" system is mentioned in the article, which protects sustainable development of mushroom cultivation. Finally, the article concludes that mushrooms are popular among both domestic and international tourists.
Summary: Please provide the article you want me to summarize. I need the text of the article to be able to provide a summary tailored for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
Summary: Recent archaeological discoveries on the Tibetan Plateau, including sites like Meilong Tagpu and Niya Site, have pushed back the timeline of human habitation to between 10,000 and 100,000 years ago. These findings reveal a complex pattern of migration and settlement, with diverse groups arriving in waves and forming the "plateau population." Evidence of millet, jade, and bronze artifacts suggests extensive trade networks existed in prehistoric times, expanding the scale of "prehistoric globalization." Archaeological evidence indicates close ties between the plateau and surrounding regions, including the Central Plains during the Tubo period, which is evidenced by the presence of glazed bricks and tiles, as well as pottery, clay sculptures, stone column foundations, and ironware unearthed from the Wenjiangduo site. These discoveries are helping to demonstrate the development of a unified Chinese civilization.
Summary: During the Second Sino-Japanese War, overseas Chinese in Heshun, Yunnan province, used a radio and mimeographed newspaper to disseminate news and promote national unity. Led by figures like Yin Dadian and later Li Shengzhuang, the Heshun Library published news, eventually expanding to a daily publication and later the *Tengyue Daily*, informing locals about the war effort and fostering patriotism. The radio broadcasts and publications connected this border town to the national resistance against Japan, demonstrating the strong ties between overseas Chinese and their homeland. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: Preservation efforts at Chinese grotto temples are focused on environmental controls to mitigate deterioration caused by temperature, humidity, and other factors. Researchers are using predictive models to understand how environmental fluctuations impact these sites and inform strategies such as adjusting cave openings and installing protective structures. AI technology is being explored to enhance environmental monitoring, identify damage, and automate control systems. Disagreements exist around the restoration of features such as cave roofs, due to considerations of historical authenticity. The ultimate goal is to establish a continuous cycle of monitoring, prediction, control, and prevention for the long-term preservation of these cultural relics.
Summary: A new exhibit at the Shaanxi History Museum, "Bronze China: The Rise and Prosperity of Chinese Bronze Civilization," explores the origins, development, characteristics, and significance of Chinese bronze civilization, aiming to translate archaeological findings for the public. The exhibit argues that the convergence of cultural factors, particularly bronze casting, led to the rise of the Xia Dynasty and the formation of an early unified China by the Western Zhou Dynasty. The exhibit showcases 341 artifacts from 51 institutions across 17 provinces, highlighting bronze production techniques, the role of bronze in social development, and its embodiment of ritual concepts. It emphasizes the unique path of Chinese bronze civilization, focusing on ritual rather than utilitarian purposes, and how bronze underpinned the development of Chinese civilization by solidifying state power. The exhibit seeks to promote cultural confidence by connecting visitors to their cultural roots.
Summary: This article describes the cultural significance and uses of mugwort (艾草) in Qichun, Hubei province, where it's deeply ingrained in local traditions and daily life. The author recounts childhood memories of mugwort being used for medicinal purposes, bathing rituals, and as a comforting reminder of home. Qichun is developing a "medicine-tourism" industry centered on mugwort, leveraging its recognition as a national intangible cultural heritage. The author is a student at Hong Kong Metropolitan University. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article discusses the Qixi Festival, also known as the Double Seventh Festival, a traditional Chinese festival with roots in ancient agricultural practices and mythology. It highlights the evolution of the festival from its early mentions in ancient texts to its established customs during the Han dynasty and its flourishing during the Ming and Qing dynasties, as depicted in paintings like "Qixi Picture". The festival is characterized by rituals like "begging for skills" (qi qiao), where women demonstrate their domestic skills and pray to the celestial weaving maiden,织女. During the Qing dynasty, the court put on special opera performances to celebrate the Qixi Festival. To this day, Qixi remains a romantic festival.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to provide an accurate and concise summary for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
By: 本报记者 武卫政 李家鼎
In Liqizhuang Subdistrict (李七庄街道), Xiqing District (西青区), Tianjin (天津), grid member Song Yuna (宋玉娜) stood in front of an old and dilapidated house, lightly touching the screen of her mobile phone to complete the verification. In less than two hours, relevant functional departments arrived at the scene to deal with it.
This is thanks to the grid-based grassroots social governance platform built by Xiqing District (西青区). Data from departments such as public security, education, and civil affairs are standardized for storage, standardized management, and networked sharing. Grid members only need to verify and compare the data, which reduces the workload and improves work efficiency.
Improving the modernization level of urban governance is a major task in building a modern metropolis. A grassroots social governance platform reflects Tianjin's (天津) unremitting efforts to improve the modernization level of urban governance.
In February 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized during his inspection in Tianjin (天津): "We must adhere to the path of connotative development, innovate urban governance, strengthen the construction of resilient and safe cities, actively implement urban renewal actions, enhance development potential, optimize development space, and continuously improve urban formats, functions, and quality."
To thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech, Tianjin (天津) adheres to meticulous management of the city, intelligent management of the city, and collective management of the city, striving to embark on a new path of urban modernization with Chinese characteristics.
Meticulous management penetrates into the details, weaving a dense network of governance.
"It's a place where you can exercise, take a walk, enjoy the beautiful Haihe River (海河) scenery, and tell your children about history." After dinner, Huang Zhihui (黄智慧), a resident of Buyunli Community (步云里小区) in Hebei District (河北区), took her granddaughter to the Heshui Pocket Park (会师口袋公园). It is named because it is located near the Jintang Bridge (金汤桥), the meeting place of the East and West Route Armies that liberated Tianjin (天津). Not long ago, the park completed its upgrade and renovation, divided into three areas: activity and leisure area, plant viewing area, and historical education base, adding many functions to the small space.
For four consecutive years, Tianjin (天津) has included the construction of pocket parks in its annual projects for the benefit of the people. Since the beginning of this year, with the goal of "seeing green every 300 meters and a park every 500 meters," Tianjin (天津) has further improved the service radius of pocket parks and optimized supporting facilities. As of now, 70 of the 80 pocket parks planned for new construction and upgrades at the beginning of the year have been completed, and the number of pocket parks in the city has reached more than 300.
Focusing on the needs and expectations of the masses, the city is doing a good job of "embroidery." The city has completed the renovation of 700 kilometers of old gas pipelines, 590 kilometers of old heating pipelines, repaired and renovated 58 urban roads and 53 bridges, managed 343 under-bridge spaces, placed 450 various aerial cables underground along the roads, and installed nearly 15,000 new anti-subsidence manhole covers. Tianjin (天津) is constantly weaving a dense network of urban governance, making the city more beautiful, safer, and more livable.
Intelligent management empowers and activates the city's "brain."
"Ding Ling Ling!" The smart fire protection Internet of Things system in Heping District (和平区) sounded an alarm: a building had experienced insufficient water pressure in its fire protection pipeline network multiple times within 7 days. Upon receiving the dispatch order, the responsible unit quickly repaired the pipeline network.
Heping District (和平区) has a high population density and generally narrow roads, making it difficult for large fire-fighting equipment to enter and exit. "Relying on this system, we can dynamically monitor the fire safety status of networked units," said Dong Yao (董尧), deputy chief of the Heping District Fire Rescue Detachment (和平区消防救援支队). Since it was put into use five years ago, the system has effectively monitored more than 100,000 various hidden danger warning information and assisted in handling more than 100 fires.
Smart management focuses on collaboration. Since 2024, the Tianjin (天津) Urban Operation Management Service Platform has successively connected to 7 types of data such as gas, street lights, and sanitation, connecting the Tianjin (天津) Smart Heating Supervision Platform and other 7 business systems and 6 district-level self-built platforms, vertically connecting to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development platform and the urban management committee platforms of each district, and horizontally connecting to data from some municipal departments.
"We are continuing to work hard to create diverse application scenarios," said Hu Xuechun (胡学春), Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Director of the Tianjin (天津) Municipal Urban Management Commission. The platform has built 9 industry application scenarios such as gas safety and heating services, using data scenario technology to accurately meet the needs of various industries and achieve efficient management and supervision.
Collective management gathers strength and stimulates the vitality of "cells."
Haircuts, knife sharpening, hemming pants... The convenience service corner of Taorantinyuan Community (陶然庭苑社区) in Erhaoqiao Subdistrict (二号桥街道), Hedong District (河东区), is very popular. "In the past, it took 20 minutes to walk to a barbershop, which the elderly found inconvenient," said Zhang Li (张丽), Secretary of the Party Committee and Director of the Neighborhood Committee of Taorantinyuan Community (陶然庭苑社区). By linking with 5 surrounding communities and integrating shop resources, "'shared services' now enter the community three times a month, benefiting more than 800 elderly people."
Activating resources and gathering synergy. Hedong District (河东区) has built 32 "Shared Home" service circles jointly created by 163 communities, which not only enhances service supply but also improves management and service efficiency.
Tianjin (天津) firmly establishes a clear orientation of focusing on grassroots and foundations, innovates the "five-party linkage" governance mechanism of communities, social organizations, social workers, community volunteers, and social charitable resources, promotes the resonance of all parties, and forms a Party building "concentric circle" and a governance "**一盘棋**" (yī pán qí - "a game of chess," a coordinated and unified approach).
By thoroughly implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech and the deployment of the Central Urban Work Conference, continuously strengthening urban governance, and fully demonstrating urban civilization, the good image of a socialist modern metropolis is increasingly manifesting itself in the land of Jinpu (津沽).
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 22nd (北京) -- A Foreign Ministry Spokesperson announced on August 22nd (August 22日): The 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit will be held in Tianjin (天津) from August 31st to September 1st. President Xi Jinping (习近平) will chair the 25th Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO Member States and the "SCO+" meeting and deliver a keynote speech. During the summit, President Xi Jinping (习近平) will also host a welcome banquet and bilateral activities for the participating leaders.
People's Daily, Beijing (北京), August 22nd (August 22日) (Reporter Li Yingqi (李应齐)) On August 22nd (August 22日), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs briefed Chinese and foreign media on President Xi Jinping's (习近平) attendance at the 2025 SCO Summit and related activities. Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs Liu Bin (刘彬) introduced the relevant situation and answered questions.
Liu Bin (刘彬) stated that the 2025 SCO Summit will be held in Tianjin (天津市) from August 31st to September 1st. This is the fifth time China has hosted the SCO Summit, and it is also the largest summit since the establishment of the SCO. At that time, President Xi Jinping (习近平) will meet with more than 20 foreign leaders and 10 heads of international organizations on the banks of the Haihe River (海河), summarize the successful experience of the SCO, map out the blueprint for the development of the SCO, gather consensus on cooperation within the "SCO family," and promote the organization to stride forward towards the goal of building a closer community with a shared future.
Liu Bin (刘彬) said that the Tianjin (天津) Summit is one of China's most important head-of-state diplomacy and home-field diplomacy activities this year. President Xi Jinping (习近平) will chair the meeting of the Council of Heads of State of Member States and the "SCO+" meeting, and deliver keynote speeches at the above two meetings respectively, elaborating on China's new thinking and propositions on the SCO's promotion of the "Shanghai Spirit," its courage to shoulder the mission of the times, and its response to the expectations of the people. He will announce China's new measures and actions to support the high-quality development and all-round cooperation of the SCO, and propose new methods and paths for the SCO to constructively safeguard the post-World War II international order and improve the global governance system. President Xi Jinping (习近平) will jointly sign and issue the *Tianjin Declaration* with other member state leaders, approve the *SCO Development Strategy for the Next 10 Years*, issue a statement on the 80th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and the founding of the United Nations, and adopt a series of outcome documents on strengthening security, economic, and cultural cooperation, so as to point out the direction for the future development of the SCO. President Xi Jinping (习近平) will also hold a welcome banquet for the participating leaders of various countries and heads of international organizations, and hold a series of intensive bilateral activities.
Liu Bin (刘彬) pointed out that in the 24 years since its establishment, under the guidance of the "Shanghai Spirit" of "mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diverse civilizations, and pursuit of common development," the SCO has developed from 6 founding member states into an "SCO family" covering 26 countries across Asia, Europe, and Africa, successfully creating a path of peaceful development and a new type of cooperation that jointly safeguards security, jointly promotes prosperity, jointly benefits people's livelihoods, shares dividends, and achieves win-win cooperation. Since the new era, President Xi Jinping (习近平) has personally practiced, mapped out peripheral diplomacy, promoted the development of the SCO, and put forward a series of important initiatives and propositions, contributing Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese impetus to the organization's development and growth and its role. President Xi Jinping (习近平) has advocated that member states uphold the "new five views" of development, security, cooperation, civilization, and global governance, which transcend the clash of civilizations, the Cold War mentality, and zero-sum games. He has successively proposed building an SCO community with a shared future and building "five common homelands" of unity and mutual trust, peace and tranquility, prosperity and development, good-neighborliness and friendship, and fairness and justice. He has announced China's multiple cooperation initiatives in the fields of law enforcement and security, economic and trade investment, public health, cultural exchanges, and poverty reduction, continuously enriching the concept and connotation of the SCO community with a shared future and diplomatic practice.
Liu Bin (刘彬) said that currently, the SCO countries are all in an important stage of accelerated development. China hopes to use the Tianjin (天津) Summit to gather political consensus with SCO countries, stimulate cooperation momentum, send out a common voice, take joint actions, and use the stability and resilience of the SCO to cope with the uncertain and unpredictable factors in the international environment, so as to create a lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and a harmonious and friendly environment for the people of all countries in the region. China firmly believes that a friendly, united, and fruitful Tianjin (天津) Summit will surely promote the SCO to enter a new stage of high-quality development that is more united, more collaborative, more dynamic, and more promising, and continuously contribute "SCO strength" to building a community with a shared future for mankind.
Liu Bin (刘彬) also answered questions on the important significance of the SCO, China's work as the chair country, the "SCO+" meeting, and the future development of the SCO.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 刘玲玲 韩 硕 赵益普
From August 31st to September 1st, the 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit will be held in Tianjin (天津). This marks the first time in seven years that China has hosted the SCO Summit again, and it is also one of China's most important head-of-state diplomacy and home-field diplomacy activities this year. President Xi Jinping (习近平) will join more than 20 foreign leaders and 10 heads of international organizations to discuss major plans for future development and cooperation, jointly promote the construction of a closer SCO community with a shared future, better safeguard regional security and stability, and promote the development and prosperity of all countries.
Faced with the intertwined international situation of change and turmoil, the SCO Tianjin (天津) Summit shoulders an important mission: to lead the SCO to accurately identify the direction, strengthen confidence, act efficiently, and achieve more, with a friendly, united, and fruitful summit. This summit will promote the SCO to enter a new stage of high-quality development that is more united, more collaborative, more dynamic, and more promising, inject more stability and positive energy into the world, and gather tremendous strength for building a community with a shared future for mankind.
Promoting the "Shanghai Spirit" and Leading the Direction of Development
"Over the past 24 years since its establishment, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation has always adhered to the 'Shanghai Spirit', continuously matured and grown, and burst forth with strong vitality. Member states have continuously deepened political mutual trust, and cooperation in various fields has yielded fruitful results, successfully forging a path of regional cooperation that conforms to the trend of the times and meets the needs of all parties, setting a model for a new type of international relations." President Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out on July 15th when he collectively met with foreign ministers and heads of permanent institutions of SCO member states who came to China to attend the Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in Beijing (北京).
From the initial 6 member states to the current 10 member states, 2 observer states, and 14 dialogue partners, the SCO, established at the turn of the century, conforms to the trend of the times of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win results, and meets the practical needs of all parties to maintain regional security and stability and promote common development. Under the turbulent century of changes, this international organization, with a population accounting for about half of the world's total and an economic aggregate accounting for about 1/4 of the global total, has a more refined cooperation picture, a clearer direction of action, and a more powerful pace of progress.
"Practice has shown that the 'Shanghai Spirit' is the source of vitality for the SCO's development and growth, and it is also the fundamental guideline that the SCO must adhere to for a long time. In the past, we achieved great success by practicing the 'Shanghai Spirit', and in the future, we must adhere to the 'Shanghai Spirit' and move forward all the way." Looking back on the past and looking forward to the future, President Xi Jinping (习近平) made it clear that the "Shanghai Spirit" is the foundation for the SCO's survival and development.
Mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diverse civilizations, and seeking common development—the 20-character "Shanghai Spirit" is far-reaching, summarizing both the cooperation concept formed by member states in long-term friendly exchanges and clarifying the reasons for the continuous development and growth of this new type of international organization. The "Shanghai Spirit" is the original aspiration of the SCO and the model of a new type of international relations.
Since 2013, President Xi Jinping (习近平) has attended all SCO summits, continuously enriching and improving the contemporary connotation of the "Shanghai Spirit" with Chinese concepts and Chinese solutions—
7 years ago on the coast of the Yellow Sea, President Xi Jinping (习近平) proposed building a community with a shared future for the SCO at the SCO Qingdao (青岛) Summit, and "establishing the common concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind" was written into the Qingdao Declaration, becoming an important political consensus and goal of the SCO.
Nearly 3 years ago in Samarkand (撒马尔罕), a major town on the ancient Silk Road, President Xi Jinping (习近平) summarized the successful experience of the SCO—adhering to political mutual trust, adhering to mutually beneficial cooperation, adhering to equal treatment, adhering to openness and inclusiveness, and adhering to fairness and justice, pointing out the direction for how to promote a new type of regional cooperation, practice true multilateralism, and promote the healthy and just development of international relations under the new era background.
1 year ago in Astana (阿斯塔纳), President Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized the need to firmly establish the awareness of a community with a shared future, always adhere to the "Shanghai Spirit", unswervingly follow a development path that fits the national conditions and meets the actual needs of the region, and jointly build a united and mutually trusting, peaceful and tranquil, prosperous and developing, good-neighborly and friendly, fair and just SCO home, contributing Chinese wisdom to jointly drawing a new blueprint for the development of the SCO.
"President Xi Jinping (习近平) attaches great importance to the development of the SCO and has put forward a series of important initiatives and proposals, injecting strong impetus into the realization of common development of SCO countries," said SCO Deputy Secretary-General Sohail Khan.
The concept guides action. China has always regarded the SCO as a priority in its neighborhood diplomacy and promoted the development and growth of the SCO.
In July last year, China officially took over the rotating presidency of the SCO. With the slogan "Promoting the 'Shanghai Spirit': The SCO in Action", China implemented more than 100 presidency activities, promoted the reform and innovation of the SCO in various aspects such as organizational structure, rules of procedure, and international cooperation, actively carried out exchanges and dialogues between political parties, media, and think tanks, making the SCO's all-round cooperation more effective, its development momentum more sufficient, and its mechanism construction more complete, and all parties took solid steps to jointly build a better SCO home.
"China is willing to work with all member states to take this year's Tianjin (天津) Summit as an opportunity to strengthen the SCO in a practical way and show new development, new breakthroughs, and a new atmosphere," President Xi Jinping (习近平) extended a warm invitation to all parties.
Consulting, Jointly Building, and Sharing to Respond to People's Expectations
The tree of the spirit must be rooted in the fertile soil of practice.
From the "dual-wheel drive" of security and economic cooperation to the multi-track parallel of health, security, development, and cultural "four communities", and then to the determined progress towards building a future of "five common homes"... Over the past 24 years, the SCO has held high the torch of the "Shanghai Spirit", insisted on being an action faction to deepen cooperation, and responded to the people's expectations for a peaceful and tranquil life, a prosperous and happy life, and a rich spiritual life.
Security cooperation is a priority direction—
The SCO was born out of the need for security and thrives on the basis of security. It has carried out in-depth cooperation in combating the "three forces" (terrorism, separatism and extremism), deepening drug control, and border defense cooperation, playing a constructive role in achieving peaceful coexistence among neighboring countries.
From advocating adherence to a common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security concept to promoting the construction of a security community and then to practicing the Global Security Initiative, the SCO continues to enrich the connotation of the security cooperation concept. Regularly holding defense ministers' meetings, carrying out the "Peace Mission" series of joint counter-terrorism exercises on a regular basis, and deepening exchanges between military personnel of member states... With "action" as the pen and "unity" as the ink, the SCO improves the mechanism for responding to security threats and challenges, actively cooperates with the United Nations, ASEAN, and other international and regional organizations, and writes a new chapter in promoting world peace, stability, and development.
Cooperative development is a strong driving force—
A series of freight trains depart from the Qingdao (青岛) Multimodal Transport Center of the China-SCO Local Economic and Trade Cooperation Demonstration Zone, closely connecting SCO countries. In the past 7 years, this demonstration zone, which President Xi Jinping (习近平) announced support for construction, has opened cross-border trains directly to more than 20 cities in SCO member states, becoming an important new logistics hub in the region and providing a key "sea outlet" for SCO member states and countries jointly building the "Belt and Road".
In Kazakhstan (哈萨克斯坦), Luban Workshops cultivate technical talents that meet the needs of Kazakhstan's industrial development; in Tajikistan (塔吉克斯坦), the China-Tajikistan cooperation digital medical platform allows people in remote areas to enjoy high-quality medical services; in Belarus (白俄罗斯), the China-Belarus "Great Stone" Industrial Park is becoming increasingly well-known; in Azerbaijan (阿塞拜疆), Chinese new energy vehicles have become a new choice for green travel... Adhering to the cooperation concept of openness, integration, mutual benefit, and win-win results, by connecting with their own development strategies and cooperation initiatives such as the joint construction of the "Belt and Road", and practicing the Global Development Initiative, SCO member states are moving towards the goal of achieving higher quality and more sustainable development.
Mutual benefit and win-win results, the great road goes together. In 2024, the trade volume between China and SCO member states, observer states, and dialogue partners reached 890 billion US dollars, a record high.
People-to-people connectivity is a warm background color—
In April this year, young people from the "SCO family" planted trees of friendship together in Beijing (北京), with seedlings rooted in fertile soil and hearts closely connected.
Tomiris Yershibek, a young Kazakh (哈萨克斯坦) woman, has participated in many SCO youth exchange projects and has traveled to nearly 50 cities in China. "This is a journey full of discoveries and gains. Member states share development experiences and promote friendly exchanges among young people, consolidating the public opinion foundation for the development of relations between countries," said Yershibek.
When the people are united, they are strong. The future of the SCO is ultimately in the hands of the people of all countries in the organization. Establishing a view of civilization based on equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness, the number of students exchanged between SCO member states has increased year by year, cooperation in education, science and technology, culture, health, sports, media, poverty alleviation, and other fields is rich and colorful, measures to facilitate personnel exchanges have been implemented and have taken effect, and people-to-face exchanges between people of all countries are more frequent, and their sense of gain and identity continues to increase. The SCO's road of cultural exchanges is getting wider and wider, continuously consolidating the public opinion foundation for the long-term development of the organization.
Practicing Multilateralism and Undertaking the Mission of the Times
At present, the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, and human society is once again standing at a crossroads in history. The SCO stands on the right side of history and on the side of fairness and justice, which is crucial to the world.
The SCO was born against the background of the lingering shadow of the Cold War and was expected to bridge differences and promote common regional development. Over the past 24 years, the international landscape has undergone profound changes, and the global governance system has been accelerating its reshaping. Under the guidance of the "Shanghai Spirit", the SCO has firmly practiced true multilateralism and grown into an important force for promoting global peace, stability, development, and prosperity.
Every step forward of the SCO is a firm answer to the proposition of peace and development and a profound response to the questions of the world, the times, and history. In the current context of increasing global instability and uncertainty, the rise of unilateralism and protectionism, and the increasing risk of division and confrontation in the world, the SCO shoulders a greater mission of the times.
When the baton of the rotating presidency is passed to China again, how to build the SCO into a reliable support for member states to achieve common prosperity and revitalization, how to promote global governance in a more just and reasonable direction, and how to undertake the mission of the times and be a determined practitioner of building a community with a shared future for mankind, China is expected to do so.
"Resolutely oppose hegemony, domineering behavior, and bullying, so that the multipolar world is more equal and orderly; adhere to consultation, joint construction, and sharing, so that economic globalization is more inclusive and beneficial; unite and lead the Global South, promote the establishment of a more just and reasonable global governance system, and gather tremendous strength for building a community with a shared future for mankind," President Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out the direction.
In July last year, the SCO Astana (阿斯塔纳) Summit issued an initiative on all countries uniting to jointly promote a just, harmonious, and developing world, emphasizing that the SCO is firmly committed to playing the central coordinating role of the United Nations, supporting recognized international law norms, establishing a more representative, more just, and democratic multipolar world system, and determined to make joint efforts to consolidate peace, security, and stability through multilateral cooperation.
Faced with the reverse trend of trade protectionism, the SCO unswervingly promotes economic globalization, adheres to the direction of regional integration and development, and continuously stimulates the driving force of multilateral cooperation. China has designated 2025 as the "SCO Year of Sustainable Development" and will continue to promote the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" to connect with the development strategies of various countries and regional cooperation initiatives, providing assistance for regional countries to promote modernization.
In July last year, Belarus (白俄罗斯) officially joined the SCO as a member state. More and more countries are applying to join the "SCO family". At a time when the Global South is collectively rising and the voices of people of all countries for peace and development are growing stronger, the SCO has more and more like-minded people, which will continue to gather a wider range of international consensus and promote the improvement of global governance.
This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and also the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. Summarizing the past, looking forward to the future, and examining the general trend of the development of the times, the SCO will continue to practice true multilateralism, provide a new platform and new model for multilateral cooperation to improve global governance, and contribute more wisdom and strength to building a more just and reasonable international order.
Taking historical wisdom as a mirror, taking the community of destiny as an agreement, and taking the "Shanghai Spirit" as a guide, adhering to the original aspiration of unity, the leaders of the SCO countries will jointly draw a new blueprint for the development of the SCO on the coast of the Bohai Sea and the Haihe River (海河), jointly protect regional peace, jointly promote prosperity and revitalization, and work together to create a better future for the region and the world.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 22nd. Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) presided over an executive meeting of the State Council on August 22nd, heard reports on the implementation of large-scale equipment renewal and trade-in policies for consumer goods, studied opinions on releasing the potential of sports consumption and further promoting the high-quality development of the sports industry, reviewed and approved the "Overall Plan for the 'Three-North' Shelterbelt Project" (《“三北”工程总体规划》), and deployed special rectification work for the safety production of marine fishing vessels.
The meeting pointed out that the large-scale equipment renewal and trade-in policies for consumer goods have achieved significant results in stabilizing investment, expanding consumption, promoting transformation, and benefiting people's livelihoods. On the basis of carefully summarizing and evaluating the implementation of the policies, it is necessary to strengthen overall coordination, improve the implementation mechanism, and better leverage the role of expanding domestic demand. It is necessary to severely crack down on fraudulent subsidy behavior to ensure that subsidy funds are used effectively and achieve tangible results. It is necessary to further strengthen policy support such as fiscal, taxation, and finance, innovate consumption and investment scenarios, optimize the consumption and investment environment, and comprehensively implement policies to release the potential of domestic demand.
The meeting pointed out that developing the sports industry and sports consumption is an important part of implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand. It is necessary to increase the supply of sports products, enrich sports events and activities, promote the upgrading of sports equipment, strengthen the support of industrial elements, improve the level of service guarantee, cultivate growth points in the sports industry, and accelerate the construction of a modern sports industry system. It is necessary to stimulate sports consumption demand, expand sports consumption scenarios, encourage various regions to hold sports consumption activities, implement consumer benefit measures, and better meet the needs of the masses for consumption upgrades. More attention should be paid to mobilizing market forces to promote the development of the sports industry and the expansion of consumption scale, improve the vitality of sports business entities, and promote the high-quality development of the sports industry.
The meeting pointed out that the implementation of the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Project ( “三北”工程) is a major national strategy, which is related to China's ecological security, the construction of a strong country, and the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. It is necessary to enhance the sense of mission and responsibility, persevere in promoting the construction of the project, and effectively build a solid ecological security barrier in northern China. It is necessary to strengthen the overall coordination and connection of planning, better implement the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands, implement support policies such as finance, taxation, and land, guide various regions to develop characteristic industries in accordance with local conditions, and achieve a win-win situation for ecological, economic, and social benefits. It is necessary to consolidate the post-management responsibilities of all parties, explore the establishment of a long-term mechanism, and encourage various business entities to jointly do a good job in the second half of the project construction.
The meeting pointed out that the safety production of fishing vessels involves the vital interests of the vast number of fishermen, shipowners, and crew members. It is necessary to combine the special rectification of safety production of marine fishing vessels with promoting the high-quality development of fisheries, support the renovation and upgrading of old fishing vessels, strengthen the construction and management of fishing ports, improve the safety literacy of fishermen, make good use of technologies such as artificial intelligence, and achieve the full-chain strengthening of safety supervision of marine fishing vessels and the full-factor improvement of the level of intrinsic safety.
The meeting also studied other matters.
Return to TopThis newspaper reported from Lhasa (拉萨) on August 22nd (Reporter Li Changyu (李昌禹), Liu Botong (刘博通), Xian Gan (鲜敢)) Entrusted by General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平), and carrying the cordial concern of the Party Central Committee and the deep affection and blessings of the people of the whole country, the main delegation and various sub-delegations of the Central Delegation went to Shigatse (日喀则) and Ngari (阿里), Qamdo (昌都), Nagqu (那曲), Nyingchi (林芝), and Shannan (山南) on the 22nd to visit and extend regards to cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups in the local areas. They emphasized the need to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech when listening to the work report of the Party Committee and Government of the Tibet Autonomous Region (西藏自治区), fully implement the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the new era, and implement it without compromise in promoting long-term peace and stability and high-quality development in Tibet (西藏). Each sub-delegation presented a congratulatory plaque inscribed with General Secretary Xi Jinping’s (习近平) inscription: "Jointly Build a Community of the Chinese Nation and Write a New Chapter of Beautiful Tibet (共建中华民族共同体 书写美丽西藏新篇章)."
Wang Huning (王沪宁), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and head of the Central Delegation, led the main delegation to Dingri County (定日县) to inspect the post-earthquake reconstruction and the relocation and resettlement of affected people, and visited Sengga Village (森嘎村), Changsuo Township (长所乡), to visit and extend regards to the affected people. He said that the Party Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) are very concerned about Dingri's (定日) earthquake relief, post-disaster reconstruction, and the production and life of the affected people. We must do a meticulous and solid job in rebuilding homes, prevent people from falling back into poverty due to disasters, and strive to build a happy and beautiful new home. The main delegation went to Aya Village (阿亚村), Gadong Town (嘎东镇), Bailang County (白朗县) to inspect primary-level Party building, rural revitalization, and the construction of livable, work-friendly, and beautiful villages, and to understand the production and living conditions of the people. Wang Huning (王沪宁) said that it is necessary to give full play to the role of primary-level Party organizations as fighting fortresses, consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside, and continuously improve the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security, so that people of all ethnic groups can live a happier and better life. The main delegation went to the Shigatse International Land Port (日喀则国际陆地港) Export Goods Inspection Site to conduct inspections. Wang Huning (王沪宁) said that it is necessary to further deepen reform and opening up, improve Tibet's (西藏) level of opening up to the outside world, actively serve and connect with major regional strategies, and promote Tibet's (西藏) high-quality development. The main delegation went to the Jiangsa National Wetland Park (江萨国家湿地公园) in Shigatse (日喀则) for inspection. Wang Huning (王沪宁) said that it is necessary to strengthen the ecological and environmental protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原), promote the construction of a natural protected area system with national parks as the main body, promote the continuous improvement of regional ecosystem functions, and make the sky bluer, the land greener, the water clearer, and the environment more beautiful in the snowy plateau.
Li Ganjie (李干杰), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Minister of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, and deputy head of the Central Delegation, led the Ngari (阿里) sub-delegation to the village committee of Dianjiao Village (典角村), Zhaxigang Township (扎西岗乡), Gar County (噶尔县), Ngari Prefecture (阿里地区), to learn about the implementation of the border consolidation and enrichment of the people's action and the work of forging a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation. In the courtyard of the Ngari Prefectural Party Committee (阿里地委), Li Ganjie (李干杰) and his entourage visited and extended regards to members of the Ngari Prefectural leadership team and representatives from all ethnic groups and all walks of life and took a group photo. Subsequently, the delegation went to communities, schools, industrial parks, and hospitals to learn about the consolidation and expansion of poverty alleviation achievements, primary-level governance, educational assistance to Tibet (援藏), agricultural development, and medical and health undertakings. Li Ganjie (李干杰) said that it is necessary to further promote the enrichment of the people and stabilization of the borders, guide cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups to continuously enhance the "five recognitions," promote exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups, and implement measures such as improving production and living conditions, developing plateau characteristic advantageous industries, strengthening ecological civilization construction, and doing a good job in counterpart assistance to Tibet (对口援藏) in the new era, so that people of all ethnic groups can share the fruits of Chinese-style modernization.
Zhang Guoqing (张国清), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Vice Premier of the State Council, and deputy head of the Central Delegation, led the Qamdo (昌都) sub-delegation to the Jixiang Square (吉祥广场) of the Qamdo Digital and Intelligent Ecological Industrial Park (昌都数智生态产业园) to investigate the mass skills display activity of "Red Qamdo (红色昌都) · Revitalizing and Forging Ahead." Subsequently, the delegation went to Jintang Community (吉塘社区) to inspect the construction of primary-level Party organizations and visit and extend regards to veteran Party members. In the afternoon, at the Oriental Electric (东方电气) High-Altitude Wind Power Industrial Base in Qamdo New District (昌都新区), Zhang Guoqing (张国清) and his entourage investigated the development of the clean energy industry. At the Qiangbalin Monastery (强巴林寺), Zhang Guoqing (张国清) learned in detail about the management of the monastery and the protection of cultural relics, and presented a congratulatory banner to the Qiangbalin Monastery (强巴林寺). Subsequently, the delegation visited and extended regards to members of the Qamdo (昌都) leadership team and representatives from all ethnic groups and all walks of life and took a group photo. Zhang Guoqing (张国清) said that cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups in Qamdo (昌都) should further forge a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation, give full play to their location advantages and resource advantages, focus on the four major tasks of stability, development, ecology, and strengthening the border, and strive to promote the Qamdo (昌都) practice of Chinese-style modernization.
Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and deputy head of the Central Delegation, led the Nagqu (那曲) sub-delegation to Hangjia New Village (杭嘉新村), Seni District (色尼区), Nagqu City (那曲市), to investigate the construction of livable, work-friendly, and beautiful villages under the "Thousands of Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" Project (千万工程), and visit herdsmen. In the afternoon, the delegation went to the Clean Energy Industrial Park and the hospital to learn about the development situation; went to Xiaodeng Temple (孝登寺) to investigate the education of the "three consciousnesses," strengthening and innovating temple management, and cultural relic protection, and presented a congratulatory banner; and visited Nagqu City Primary School (那曲市小学) to learn about education and teaching. Subsequently, Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村) and his entourage went to the Nagqu City (那曲市) Party and Government Conference Center to visit and extend regards to members of the Nagqu City (那曲市) leadership team and representatives from all ethnic groups and all walks of life and took a group photo. Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村) pointed out that cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups in Nagqu (那曲) should further forge a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation and promote the construction of a community of the Chinese nation; always adhere to starting from reality, promote high-quality development in accordance with local conditions; always adhere to the leadership of the Party, earnestly strengthen Party building, and strive to promote the Nagqu (那曲) practice of Chinese-style modernization.
Hu Chunhua (胡春华), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy head of the Central Delegation, led the Nyingchi (林芝) sub-delegation to the Milin Reservoir (米林水库) dam site to learn about the planning, design, and construction of the hydropower project in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River (雅鲁藏布江) and to visit and extend regards to frontline workers. Subsequently, the delegation went to Liding Village (立定村), Linzhi Town (林芝镇), to learn about rural revitalization, and visited the home of villager Tsering Lhobu (次仁罗布); at the Sejila Mountain Tunnel (色季拉山隧道) exit of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway (川藏铁路), they inspected the construction of major national projects; at the Municipal Government Affairs Service Center, they learned about the experience and practices of comprehensive service window reform; at the Municipal Party and Government Conference Center, they visited and extended regards to members of the Nyingchi City (林芝市) leadership team and representatives from all ethnic groups and all walks of life and took a group photo; and went to Gongbu Park (工布公园) to investigate the park's construction. Hu Chunhua (胡春华) said that Nyingchi (林芝) has made great progress in its economic and social undertakings, and the overall social situation is harmonious and stable; it is necessary to further forge a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation, seize the opportunities brought about by serving the implementation of major national strategies, focus on the four major tasks of stability, development, ecology, and strengthening the border, and strive to promote the Nyingchi (林芝) practice of Chinese-style modernization.
Zhang Shengmin (张升民), member of the Central Military Commission and deputy head of the Central Delegation, led the Shannan (山南) sub-delegation to Zhaxiquteng Community (扎西曲登社区) and Kesong Community (克松社区), Naidong District (乃东区), Shannan City (山南市), to learn about the construction of beautiful and harmonious villages, the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage, and the first village of democratic reform in Tibet (西藏民主改革第一村), and visited residents' homes to extend regards. Subsequently, the delegation went to the Shannan Military Sub-district (山南军分区) and primary-level troops to investigate the construction of primary-level companies and extend regards to officers and soldiers; in the courtyard of the Shannan Municipal Party Committee (山南市委), they visited and extended regards to members of the Shannan City (山南市) leadership team and representatives from all ethnic groups and all walks of life and took a group photo. In the afternoon, the delegation went to communities, planting bases, and technology companies to learn in detail about Party building leading primary-level governance, the development of characteristic industries, and drone emergency rescue. Zhang Shengmin (张升民) pointed out that Shannan City (山南市) should continue to thoroughly focus on the four major tasks of stability, development, ecology, and strengthening the border; develop plateau characteristic advantageous industries in accordance with local conditions, especially characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry and clean energy industries; strengthen ecological civilization construction, and strive to achieve harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
Return to TopMinistry of Ecology and Environment (生态环境部) statistics show that in the first half of this year, among the 3,641 national surface water assessment sections, the proportion of sections with excellent water quality was 89%. Various regions have taken multiple measures and implemented comprehensive management to continuously improve the quality of the aquatic ecological environment.
The picture shows on August 21, Bailianhe Reservoir (白莲河水库) in Yingshan County (英山县), Huanggang City (黄冈市), Hubei Province (湖北省), staff are carrying out floating debris removal operations on the water.
Photo by Wang Jiang (王江) (People's Vision (人民视觉)).
Return to TopBy: 桂从路
For 60 years, the impoverished and backward old Tibet has developed into a vibrant socialist new Tibet. Looking back on the past and present, one cannot help but feel emotional: this is a miracle created by Chinese-style modernization on the roof of the world!
Striving together in unity and achieving common prosperity and development, the development and progress of Tibet bear witness to the blood ties and shared destiny of all ethnic groups in the great Chinese family. From the "Fuxing Hao" (复兴号) high-speed train to the "Power Sky Road," Tibet's infrastructure is efficiently connected with all parts of the country; from protecting the "Water Tower of Asia" to developing plateau characteristic advantageous industries, Tibet's economic and social development is interconnected with the overall national situation; from mutual assistance in the Dingri (定日) earthquake to the continuous enhancement of the "Five Recognitions," the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet are connected with the people of the whole country...
The brilliant achievements of Tibet's economic and social development have been achieved through the joint efforts of the Party and the people, and through the unity and hard work of cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups. We must never forget those aid-Tibet cadres who are "lacking oxygen but not spirit," and those who have shed their youth and sweat on the snowy plateau. On the new journey, adhering to the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the new era, grasping the four major tasks of stability, development, ecology, and strengthening the border, and continuing to struggle and work tirelessly, we will surely continue to write new legends on the roof of the world.
Return to TopAccording to the State Administration for Market Regulation (市场监管总局), since the "14th Five-Year Plan," China has seen a net increase of 19.999 million enterprises and a net increase of 33.946 million individual industrial and commercial households.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the State Administration for Market Regulation (市场监管总局) has continuously optimized pre-event, mid-event, and post-event regulatory mechanisms, providing a fair and just competitive environment for various business entities, effectively stimulating the development momentum and innovation vitality of business entities; market access has become more standardized, market exit has become smoother, and corporate affairs have become more efficient.
(Related reports on page 3)
Return to TopFrom August 31 to September 1, the 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit will be held in Tianjin (天津). President Xi Jinping (习近平) will chair the 25th meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO member states and the "SCO+" meeting, and deliver keynote speeches at both meetings. People from all walks of life in the SCO countries who were interviewed by reporters from this newspaper eagerly anticipate President Xi Jinping's (习近平) attendance at the Tianjin (天津) Summit and the presentation of important concepts and proposals, summarizing the successful experience of the SCO, charting the blueprint for the SCO's development, building consensus on cooperation within the "SCO family," and promoting the organization to stride forward towards the goal of building a closer community with a shared future.
"China plays an important leading role in the SCO's development and growth"
Since 2013, President Xi Jinping (习近平) has attended all SCO summits and delivered important speeches. China has actively advocated that all parties, under the guidance of the "Shanghai Spirit," promote the steady and long-term development of the SCO within the grand framework of human common development, providing ideological guidance for the SCO's development and growth.
"President Xi Jinping (习近平) has attended all SCO summits, advocated promoting the 'Shanghai Spirit,' and put forward a series of important initiatives and practical measures to deepen organizational cooperation, injecting strong impetus into building a closer SCO community with a shared future," said Vladimir Datsishin, professor at the Siberian Federal University of Russia. "China plays an important leading role in the SCO's development and growth, making outstanding contributions to the organization's long-term development."
At the "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation+" Astana (阿斯塔纳) Summit held last year, President Xi Jinping (习近平) proposed building "five common homelands" of unity and mutual trust, peace and tranquility, prosperity and development, good-neighborliness and friendship, and fairness and justice, which was widely recognized and supported by SCO countries, pointing the way for enhancing unity and mutual trust and achieving common prosperity and revitalization.
Maigeldinov, Chairman of the Kazakhstan Association of Chinese Studies, said that President Xi Jinping's (习近平) proposal to build "five common homelands" is a concrete practice of China's diplomatic philosophy. SCO countries should work together to resist external interference, firmly support each other, take care of each other's concerns, handle internal differences with harmony as the most valuable principle, **求同化异** (qiú tóng huà yì - "seek common ground while reserving differences," to seek common ground on major issues while setting aside minor differences), and firmly grasp their own future destiny and regional peace and development in their own hands.
Sabirov, Director of the Uzbekistan SCO Center for Public Diplomacy, said that President Xi Jinping's (习近平) proposal to build an SCO community with a shared future promotes mutual respect, deepened mutual trust, and common development among SCO countries, and cooperation in various fields has yielded fruitful results. The SCO has successfully embarked on a path of regional cooperation that conforms to the trend of the times and meets the needs of all parties, setting a model for a new type of international relations.
Khalid Akram, Executive Director of the Pakistan Global Strategic Studies Center, said: "President Xi Jinping (习近平) attaches great importance to the development of the SCO and provides important guidance for the organization's development, continuously deepening the understanding and mutual trust between China and other SCO member states, and making important contributions to promoting regional peace, tranquility, and prosperity, and safeguarding international fairness and justice."
"Accelerate the transformation pace of all parties and promote common development and prosperity"
China has always regarded the SCO as a priority in its neighborhood diplomacy, committed to strengthening the SCO in a practical manner, safeguarding regional security and stability, promoting the development and prosperity of member states, and building a close community with a shared future. Since China took over as the rotating presidency in July last year, it has actively carried out activities and promoted cooperation, and all parties have taken solid steps to jointly build a better home for the SCO.
"President Xi Jinping (习近平) has charted a blueprint for the development of the SCO, providing important inspiration for regional countries to achieve peace and prosperity. China actively participates in various SCO tasks and continuously injects new vitality into the organization's development," said Azamat Kasibekov, Chairman of the Kyrgyz Independent Journalists Union. He believes that in recent years, the SCO's international influence has continued to increase, effectively promoting peace and stability in the region and the world, and China's role in this is crucial.
Rashid Alimov, former Secretary-General of the SCO and Professor of the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Tajikistan, said that China's proposal to jointly build the "Belt and Road" and other major initiatives has effectively promoted the infrastructure construction and economic and social development of SCO member states. As of December 2024, China's stock of direct investment in Central Asian countries exceeded US$17 billion, and the cumulative completed turnover of contracted projects exceeded US$60 billion, which has a far-reaching impact on the development of regional trade, investment, and infrastructure projects.
Vladimir Norov, former Secretary-General of the SCO and former Foreign Minister of Uzbekistan, said that during China's rotating presidency, it actively promoted cooperation among SCO countries in areas such as cyber information security, transportation, energy, and cultural exchanges, and actively improved the cooperation mechanism with observer countries and dialogue partners, helping the SCO expand its international influence. China has conducted eight phases of "SCO Tree" digital technology training through the China-SCO Big Data Cooperation Center, training a total of more than 770 students, effectively enhancing the regional digital talent reserve and demonstrating the responsibility of a major country.
Abdul Aziz Al-Shabani, a researcher at the Riyadh Center for Political and Strategic Studies in Saudi Arabia, believes that China has held rich meetings and activities within the SCO framework, promoting practical cooperation in various fields of the SCO with concrete actions. "Focusing on the theme of 'SCO Year of Sustainable Development,' China has carried out various activities to make SCO security cooperation more effective, development momentum more sufficient, and mechanism construction more complete, accelerating the transformation pace of all parties and promoting common development and prosperity."
"Make more 'SCO contributions' to jointly build a better world"
Currently, the once-in-a-century changes are accelerating, and turbulence and transformation are intertwined and resonate. All parties expect SCO countries to jointly discuss development plans at the Tianjin (天津) Summit, and inject more stability and positive energy into the world with efficient actions and active efforts.
Andrei Rusakovich, professor of the Eurasian Studies Department of the Belarusian State University, said that at present, the international situation is complex and volatile, and the SCO needs to continuously enhance its creativity, inclusiveness, and cohesion. Under China's active leadership and promotion, the contemporary connotation of the "Shanghai Spirit" is constantly enriched, member states continue to deepen political mutual trust, expand pragmatic cooperation, promote global governance towards a more just and reasonable direction, and attract more and more countries to join the "SCO family." "I believe that the upcoming Tianjin (天津) Summit will build new consensus on cooperation, open up new prospects for cooperation, and make more 'SCO contributions' to jointly build a better world," said Rusakovich.
Tang Suoan, Consul General of Cambodia in Nanning (南宁), said that at a time when the regional security situation faces many uncertainties, all parties expect the Tianjin (天津) Summit to achieve important results, and look forward to President Xi Jinping (习近平) once again proposing a Chinese plan for regional peace, stability, and prosperity, and promoting the SCO to continue to play an important role in global governance.
Najla Al-Azerouni, an expert on international issues in the United Arab Emirates, said that in the face of geopolitical tensions, weak global economic recovery, climate change, and other challenges, the SCO, a pragmatic cooperation platform that adheres to multilateralism, is of great significance. It is believed that the SCO Tianjin (天津) Summit will further strengthen the organization's mechanism capacity building, expand the organization's influence, and inject stronger impetus into uniting and leading the Global South and promoting the establishment of a more just and reasonable global governance system.
Datsishin said that he believes that the Chinese concepts and plans at the Tianjin (天津) Summit will outline a new vision for the SCO to achieve greater development, promote countries to better respond to global challenges, bring more benefits to the people of the region, and contribute more to promoting world development and prosperity.
(Reported on August 22 from Beijing (北京), Astana (阿斯塔纳), Moscow (莫斯科), Riyadh (利雅得), Islamabad (伊斯兰堡) by reporters Li Xinyi (李欣怡), Zhao Yipu (赵益普), Li Qiang (李强), Xiao Xinxin (肖新新), Ren Haoyu (任皓宇), and Cheng Shijie (程是颉))
Return to TopChina will work with all parties to keep in mind the original aspiration, interpret responsibility with action, achieve prosperity with action, lead the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation into a new stage of high-quality development with greater unity, greater collaboration, greater vitality, and greater achievement, and contribute more "SCO strength" to the world's lasting peace and common prosperity.
The 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit will be held in Tianjin (天津) from August 31 to September 1. This is the fifth time that China has hosted the SCO Summit, and it will also be the largest summit since the establishment of the SCO. President Xi Jinping (习近平) will gather with more than 20 foreign leaders and 10 heads of international organizations on the banks of the Haihe River (海河) to summarize the successful experience of the SCO, map out the blueprint for the development of the SCO, build consensus on cooperation within the "SCO family," and promote the organization to stride towards the goal of building a closer community with a shared future.
President Xi Jinping (习近平) attaches great importance to the development of the SCO. Since 2013, he has attended all SCO Summits, put forward a series of important initiatives and proposals, and continuously contributed Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese impetus to the organization's growth and role. During the Tianjin (天津) Summit, President Xi Jinping (习近平) will chair the meeting of the Council of Heads of Member States and the "SCO+" meeting, and deliver keynote speeches at both meetings, elaborating on China's new thinking and propositions on the SCO's promotion of the "Shanghai Spirit," its courageous undertaking of the mission of the times, and its response to the expectations of the people. He will announce China's new measures and actions to support the high-quality development and all-round cooperation of the SCO, and propose new methods and paths for the SCO to constructively maintain the post-World War II international order and improve the global governance system. President Xi Jinping (习近平) will jointly sign and issue the *Tianjin Declaration* (《天津宣言》) with other member state leaders, approve the *SCO Development Strategy for the Next 10 Years* (《上合组织未来10年发展战略》), issue a statement on the 80th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and the founding of the United Nations, and adopt a series of outcome documents on strengthening security, economic, and cultural cooperation, providing direction for the future development of the SCO.
The SCO is a model of a new type of international relations and regional cooperation, and a constructive force with important international influence. Since its establishment 24 years ago, the SCO has always adhered to the "Shanghai Spirit" of "mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diverse civilizations, and pursuit of common development," and has continued to mature and grow, radiating strong vitality. From the initial 6 member states to the "SCO family" of 26 countries, the SCO's unity and mutual trust have been increasingly consolidated, security cooperation has achieved remarkable results, integrated development has benefited all parties, and cultural exchanges have become closer, with its influence and appeal continuously increasing. Facing the turbulent and intertwined international situation, the SCO must identify the direction, strengthen confidence, act efficiently, and be more proactive, be the torchbearer of the "Shanghai Spirit," the action faction of deepening cooperation, and the steadfast practitioner of building a community with a shared future for mankind, injecting more stability and positive energy into the world.
China is a founding member of the SCO and has always regarded the SCO as a priority direction for its neighborhood diplomacy. Since taking over as the rotating presidency in July last year, China has taken "Promoting the 'Shanghai Spirit': The SCO in Action" as the theme, used "China's actions" to brighten the "Shanghai Spirit," used the "Chinese engine" to drive the SCO wheel, implemented more than 100 presidency activities, promoted the reform and innovation of the SCO in terms of organizational structure, rules of procedure, and international cooperation, actively carried out exchanges and dialogues between political parties, media, and think tanks, and led all parties to take solid steps towards jointly building a better SCO home. Achieving modernization is the common goal of the SCO countries. Since the beginning of this year, the new Gwadar International Airport (瓜达尔新国际机场) in Pakistan, built with Chinese assistance, has welcomed its first commercial flight; the main line project of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway project has entered the substantive construction stage, and the regional three-dimensional interconnection network is accelerating its formation; the Sunkoshi-3 Hydropower Project (三金考拉水电站) in Nepal has been put into operation and is generating electricity, which not only lights up local mountain villages, but also brings new hope for regional energy cooperation... By deeply integrating into the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" and practicing the Global Development Initiative, the SCO is steadily moving towards the goal of "a reliable strategic support for member states to achieve common prosperity and revitalization."
Looking around the world today, the shadow of power politics and bullying has not dissipated, international and regional conflicts occur frequently, and international fairness and justice need to be upheld. The SCO stands on the right side of history, on the side of fairness and justice, and is of utmost importance to the world. This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. Standing at this historical juncture, the SCO will issue the common voice of member states on major international and regional issues, promote the development of global governance in a more just and reasonable direction, and further unite and lead the Global South to gather tremendous strength for building a community with a shared future for mankind.
**积力所举无不胜，众智所为无不成** (jī lì suǒ jǔ wú bù shèng, zhòng zhì suǒ wéi wú bù chéng - "accumulated strength can overcome all, collective wisdom can achieve all," emphasizing the power of collective effort and wisdom to achieve success). All parties expect to make the Tianjin (天津) Summit a friendly, united, and fruitful summit, and to respond to the uncertain and unpredictable factors in the international environment with the stability and resilience of the SCO. China will work with all parties to keep in mind the original aspiration, interpret responsibility with action, achieve prosperity with action, lead the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation into a new stage of high-quality development with greater unity, greater collaboration, greater vitality, and greater achievement, and contribute more "SCO strength" to the world's lasting peace and common prosperity.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Islamabad, August 21st (Reporters Jiang Chao (蒋超) and Yang Kai (杨恺)) On August 21, 2025, local time, Pakistani President Zardari (扎尔达里) met with Wang Yi (王毅), Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Foreign Minister, in Islamabad (伊斯兰堡).
Zardari (扎尔达里) asked Wang Yi (王毅) to convey his cordial greetings to President Xi Jinping (习近平), and expressed his highest respect to President Xi Jinping (习近平). The friendship between Pakistan and China has withstood the test of time and is an all-weather good friend and good partner. Today's world situation is full of risks and challenges, but China dares to face and resist bullying, and firmly safeguard its own interests and the common interests of developing countries. No matter how the situation changes, Pakistan fully trusts China and will unswervingly stand with China. Pakistan is grateful to China for its selfless assistance to Pakistan's economic and social development, and is willing to promote new progress in cooperation projects such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (中巴经济走廊) and Gwadar Port (瓜达尔港) to better benefit the people of both countries. It is hoped that Pakistan and China will continue to promote coordination and cooperation on major international and regional issues, and jointly safeguard regional peace, stability and prosperity.
Wang Yi (王毅) conveyed President Xi Jinping's (习近平) cordial greetings, and said that under the wise leadership of President Xi Jinping (习近平), the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) unites and leads the more than 1.4 billion Chinese people to 踔厉奋发 (chuō lì fèn fā - "vigorous and striving," to forge ahead with determination) and 勠力前行 (lù lì qián xíng - "join forces and forge ahead," to work together with concerted efforts), and will surely realize the grand goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. China's development is the growth of the world's peaceful forces, the enhancement of stabilizing factors, and the strengthening of the forces of developing countries. No force or difficulty can stop the Chinese people from moving forward.
Wang Yi (王毅) said that the friendship between China and Pakistan has withstood the test of time, is unbreakable and as solid as a rock. China always places China-Pakistan relations in the priority direction of its neighborhood diplomacy. China appreciates Pakistan's long-term support for China's core interests and major concerns. China will continue to support Pakistan in safeguarding its national sovereignty, territorial integrity and national dignity. Facing the international situation intertwined with changes and chaos, China is willing to work with Pakistan to take the important consensus of the leaders of the two countries as a guide, deepen traditional friendship, strengthen strategic communication, build a "2.0 upgraded version" of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (中巴经济走廊), and build a closer China-Pakistan community of destiny in the new era to create more benefits for the people of the two countries.
During his visit, Wang Yi (王毅) also met with Pakistani Prime Minister Shabaz (夏巴兹), Chief of Army Staff Munir (穆尼尔), and held the sixth China-Pakistan Foreign Ministers' Strategic Dialogue with Pakistani Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Dar (达尔).
Return to TopIslamabad, August 22 (Reported by Cheng Shijie (程是颉)) Local time, August 21, 2025, Wang Yi (王毅), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of Foreign Affairs, met with Pakistani Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Dar (达尔) in Islamabad after the sixth China-Pakistan Foreign Ministers' Strategic Dialogue and jointly met with reporters. A reporter asked how China views the current situation in South Asia and China-Pakistan relations, as Pakistan is the last stop on the visit to South Asia.
Wang Yi (王毅) said that South Asian countries have a long history, splendid civilization, large population, and huge development potential. They are China's close neighbors connected by mountains and rivers, and also an important direction for China to build a community with a shared future in its neighborhood. During this trip, he visited India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan successively, and deeply felt that South Asia has great development potential and sufficient momentum. The 21st century should be an era for Asia, and especially South Asia, to accelerate development and revitalization.
Wang Yi (王毅) pointed out that although India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan have different national conditions, they all realize that development is the top priority for all countries and the greatest common denominator for the three countries and even the countries in the region. A peaceful, stable, developed, and prosperous South Asia is in the common interest of all parties and meets the expectations of the people of all countries. The three countries are willing to strengthen good-neighborly friendship, deepen exchanges and cooperation, and seek mutual benefit and win-win results with China, their largest neighbor. Faced with the pressure of unilateral hegemonic acts, the three countries believe that they should adhere to multilateralism, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, and strive to promote an equal and orderly world multipolarization and an inclusive economic globalization that benefits all. China will be a reliable partner and a solid backing for South Asian countries.
Wang Yi (王毅) emphasized that China pursues a policy of good-neighborliness, security, and prosperity, adheres to the concept of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness, and a community with a shared future, and is always committed to mutual respect, mutual tolerance, mutual trust, and mutual achievement with South Asian countries. China and South Asian countries are natural partners with broad cooperation space. China-India relations have a long history, and although they have experienced ups and downs, they are increasingly showing a clear historical logic. China-Pakistan friendship has stood the test of time, and is **铁杆成钢** (tiě gǎn chéng gāng - "iron bar becomes steel," describes a strong and unbreakable relationship), and has stronger endogenous power. China-Pakistan, China-India, and China's relations with other neighboring countries are not directed against any third party, nor are they affected by any third party.
Wang Yi (王毅) emphasized that China and Pakistan are ironclad friends and all-weather strategic partners. The construction of the China-Pakistan community with a shared future is at the forefront of building a community with a shared future in its neighborhood, and has an important demonstration role. China and Pakistan take the lead in implementing the Global Development Initiative, and the construction of the economic corridor will not only benefit the people of China and Pakistan, but also extend to countries such as Afghanistan. China and Pakistan practice the Global Security Initiative, adhere to a common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security concept, and are committed to developing high-level security cooperation. China and Pakistan attach importance to the Global Civilization Initiative, transcend differences in culture and social systems, and promote greater mutual understanding and affinity between the two peoples. China and Pakistan are both important members of the Global South. Pakistan will serve as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council starting this year, and China has another partner in the Security Council to uphold fairness and justice. We will closely coordinate and cooperate to jointly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the vast number of developing countries and the Global South.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 刘玲玲 韩 硕 赵益普
From August 31st to September 1st, the 2025 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit will be held in Tianjin (天津). This is the first time China has hosted the SCO summit in seven years, and it is one of China's most important head-of-state diplomacy and home-field diplomacy activities this year. President Xi Jinping (习近平) will join more than 20 foreign leaders and 10 heads of international organizations to discuss major plans for future development and cooperation, jointly promote the construction of a closer SCO community with a shared future, better safeguard regional security and stability, and promote the development and prosperity of all countries.
Facing the intertwined international situation of change and disorder, the SCO Tianjin (天津) summit shoulders an important mission: to lead the SCO to accurately identify the direction, strengthen confidence, act efficiently, and be more effective with a friendly, united, and fruitful summit. This summit will promote the SCO to enter a new stage of high-quality development that is more united, more collaborative, more dynamic, and more effective, inject more stability and positive energy into the world, and gather tremendous strength for building a community with a shared future for mankind.
Promoting the "Shanghai Spirit" and Leading the Direction of Development
"Since its establishment 24 years ago, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation has always adhered to the 'Shanghai Spirit', and has continued to mature and grow, radiating strong vitality. Member states have continuously deepened political mutual trust, and cooperation in various fields has yielded fruitful results, successfully embarking on a path of regional cooperation that conforms to the trend of the times and meets the needs of all parties, setting a model for a new type of international relations." President Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out on July 15 when he collectively met with foreign ministers and heads of permanent institutions of SCO member states who came to China to attend the Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in Beijing (北京).
From the initial 6 member states to the current 10 member states, 2 observer states, and 14 dialogue partners, the SCO, established at the turn of the century, conforms to the trend of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win results, and meets the practical needs of all parties to maintain regional security and stability and promote common development. Under the turbulent century of changes, this international organization, with a population accounting for about half of the world's total and an economic volume accounting for about a quarter of the global total, has a more refined cooperation picture, a clearer direction of action, and a more powerful pace of progress.
"Practice has shown that the 'Shanghai Spirit' is the source of vitality for the SCO's development and growth, and it is also the fundamental guideline that the SCO must adhere to for a long time. In the past, we achieved great success by practicing the 'Shanghai Spirit', and in the future, we must adhere to the 'Shanghai Spirit' and move forward all the way." Looking back on the past and looking forward to the future, President Xi Jinping (习近平) made it clear that the "Shanghai Spirit" is the foundation for the SCO's survival and development.
Mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diverse civilizations, and seeking common development—the 20-character "Shanghai Spirit" is far-reaching, summarizing both the cooperative concepts formed by member states in long-term friendly exchanges and explaining the reasons for the continuous development and growth of this new type of international organization. The "Shanghai Spirit" is the original aspiration of the SCO and the model of a new type of international relations.
Since 2013, President Xi Jinping (习近平) has attended every SCO summit, constantly enriching and improving the contemporary connotation of the "Shanghai Spirit" with Chinese concepts and Chinese solutions—
Seven years ago, on the coast of the Yellow Sea, President Xi Jinping (习近平) proposed building a community with a shared future for the SCO at the SCO Qingdao (青岛) Summit, and "establishing the common concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind" was written into the Qingdao Declaration, becoming an important political consensus and goal of the SCO.
Nearly three years ago, in Samarkand (撒马尔罕), a major town on the ancient Silk Road, President Xi Jinping (习近平) summarized the successful experience of the SCO—adhering to political mutual trust, adhering to mutually beneficial cooperation, adhering to equal treatment, adhering to openness and inclusiveness, and adhering to fairness and justice, pointing out the direction for how to promote a new type of regional cooperation, practice true multilateralism, and promote the healthy and just development of international relations under the new era background.
One year ago, in Astana (阿斯塔纳), President Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized the need to firmly establish the awareness of a community with a shared future, always adhere to the "Shanghai Spirit", unswervingly follow a development path that fits the national conditions and conforms to the actual situation of the region, jointly build a united and mutually trusting, peaceful and tranquil, prosperous and developing, good-neighborly and friendly, fair and just SCO home, and contribute Chinese wisdom to jointly drawing a new blueprint for the development of the SCO.
"President Xi Jinping (习近平) attaches great importance to the development of the SCO and has put forward a series of important initiatives and proposals, injecting strong impetus into the SCO countries to achieve common development," said SCO Deputy Secretary-General Sohail Khan.
The concept guides action. China has always regarded the SCO as a priority in its neighborhood diplomacy and promoted the SCO's development and growth.
In July last year, China officially took over the rotating presidency of the SCO. With the slogan "Promoting the 'Shanghai Spirit': The SCO in Action", China implemented more than 100 presidency activities, promoted the SCO's reform and innovation in organizational structure, rules of procedure, international cooperation, and other aspects, actively carried out exchanges and dialogues between political parties, media, and think tanks, making the SCO's all-round cooperation more effective, development momentum more sufficient, and mechanism construction more complete, and all parties took solid steps to jointly build a better SCO home.
"China is willing to work with all member states to take this year's Tianjin (天津) summit as an opportunity to strengthen the SCO in a practical way and show new development, new breakthroughs, and a new atmosphere," President Xi Jinping (习近平) extended a warm invitation to all parties.
Joint Consultation, Joint Construction, and Sharing to Respond to People's Expectations
The tree of spirit must be rooted in the fertile soil of practice.
From the "dual-wheel drive" of security and economic cooperation to the parallel multi-track of health, security, development, and cultural "four communities", and then to the determined progress towards building a future of "five common homes"... Over the past 24 years, the SCO has held high the torch of the "Shanghai Spirit", insisted on being an action faction to deepen cooperation, and responded to the people's expectations for a peaceful and tranquil life, a prosperous and happy life, and a rich spiritual life.
Security cooperation is a priority direction—
The SCO was born out of the need for security and has flourished because of the foundation of security. It has carried out in-depth cooperation in combating the "three evil forces" and deepening cooperation in drug control and border defense, playing a constructive role in achieving peaceful coexistence among neighboring countries.
From advocating the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security to promoting the construction of a security community and then to practicing the Global Security Initiative, the SCO continues to enrich the connotation of the concept of security cooperation. Regularly holding meetings of defense ministers, carrying out the "Peace Mission" series of joint counter-terrorism exercises on a regular basis, and deepening exchanges between military personnel of member states... With "action" as the pen and "unity" as the ink, the SCO improves the mechanism for responding to security threats and challenges, actively carries out cooperation with the United Nations, ASEAN, and other international and regional organizations, and writes a new chapter in promoting world peace, stability, and development.
Cooperative development is a strong driving force—
A series of freight trains depart from the Qingdao (青岛) Multimodal Transport Center of the China-SCO Local Economic and Trade Cooperation Demonstration Zone, closely connecting the SCO countries. In the past seven years, this demonstration zone, which President Xi Jinping (习近平) announced support for construction, has opened cross-border trains directly to more than 20 cities in SCO member states, becoming an important new logistics hub in the region and providing a key "sea outlet" for SCO member states and countries jointly building the "Belt and Road".
In Kazakhstan (哈萨克斯坦), Luban Workshops cultivate technical talents that meet the needs of Kazakhstan's industrial development; in Tajikistan (塔吉克斯坦), the Sino-Tajikistan (中塔) cooperative digital medical platform allows people in remote areas to enjoy high-quality medical services; in Belarus (白俄罗斯), the Sino-Belarusian (中白) "Great Stone" Industrial Park is becoming increasingly well-known; in Azerbaijan (阿塞拜疆), Chinese new energy vehicles have become a new choice for green travel... Adhering to the cooperative concept of openness, integration, mutual benefit, and win-win results, by connecting with their own development strategies and cooperation initiatives such as the joint construction of the "Belt and Road", and practicing the Global Development Initiative, SCO member states are moving towards the goal of achieving higher quality and more sustainable development.
Mutual benefit and win-win results, the great road goes together. In 2024, the trade volume between China and SCO member states, observer states, and dialogue partners reached 890 billion US dollars, a record high.
People-to-people connectivity is a warm background color—
In April this year, young people from various countries in the "SCO family" jointly planted trees of friendship in Beijing (北京). Saplings took root in the fertile soil, and hearts were closely connected.
Tomiris Yershibek, a young woman from Kazakhstan (哈萨克斯坦), has participated in many SCO youth exchange programs and has traveled to nearly 50 cities in China. "This is a journey full of discoveries and gains. Member states share development experiences, promote friendly exchanges among young people, and consolidate the public opinion foundation for the development of relations between countries," said Yershibek.
When the people are united, they are strong. The future of the SCO is ultimately in the hands of the people of all countries in the organization. Establishing a concept of civilization based on equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness, the number of students exchanged between SCO member states has increased year by year, and cooperation in education, science and technology, culture, health, sports, media, poverty alleviation, and other fields is rich and colorful. Measures to facilitate personnel exchanges have been implemented and have taken effect, and people from all countries have more frequent face-to-face exchanges, and their sense of gain and identity has continued to increase. The SCO's road of cultural exchanges is getting wider and wider, constantly consolidating the public opinion foundation for the organization's long-term development.
Practicing Multilateralism and Undertaking the Mission of the Times
At present, the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, and human society is once again standing at a crossroads in history. The SCO is standing on the right side of history and on the side of fairness and justice, which is crucial to the world.
The SCO was born against the backdrop of the lingering shadow of the Cold War and was expected to bridge differences and promote common regional development. Over the past 24 years, the international landscape has undergone profound changes, and the global governance system has been accelerating its reshaping. Under the guidance of the "Shanghai Spirit", the SCO has firmly practiced true multilateralism and has grown into an important force for promoting global peace, stability, development, and prosperity.
Every step forward of the SCO is a firm answer to the proposition of peace and development and a profound response to the questions of the world, the times, and history. In the current context of increasing global instability and uncertainty, the rise of unilateralism and protectionism, and the increasing risk of world division and confrontation, the SCO shoulders a greater mission of the times.
When the baton of the rotating presidency is passed to China again, how to build the SCO into a reliable support for member states to achieve common prosperity and revitalization, how to promote global governance in a more just and reasonable direction, and how to undertake the mission of the times and be a resolute practitioner of building a community with a shared future for mankind, China is expected to do so.
"Resolutely oppose hegemony, domineering, and bullying, and make the world's multi-polarization more equal and orderly; adhere to joint consultation, joint construction, and sharing, and make economic globalization more inclusive; unite and lead the Global South, promote the establishment of a more just and reasonable global governance system, and gather tremendous strength for building a community with a shared future for mankind," President Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out the direction.
In July last year, the SCO Astana (阿斯塔纳) Summit issued an initiative on all countries uniting to jointly promote a just, harmonious, and developing world, emphasizing that the SCO is firmly committed to playing the central coordinating role of the United Nations, supporting recognized norms of international law, establishing a more representative, more just, and democratic multi-polar world system, and is determined to make joint efforts to consolidate peace, security, and stability through multilateral cooperation.
In the face of the countercurrent of trade protectionism, the SCO unswervingly promotes economic globalization, adheres to the direction of regional integration and development, and constantly stimulates the driving force of multilateral cooperation. China has designated 2025 as the "SCO Year of Sustainable Development" and will continue to promote the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" to connect with the development strategies of various countries and regional cooperation initiatives, providing assistance for regional countries to promote modernization.
In July last year, Belarus (白俄罗斯) officially joined the SCO as a member state. More and more countries are applying to join the "SCO family". At a time when the Global South is collectively rising and the people of all countries are increasingly calling for peace and development, the SCO has more and more fellow travelers, which will continue to gather a wider range of international consensus and promote the improvement of global governance.
This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. Summarizing the past, looking forward to the future, and examining the general trend of the times, the SCO will continue to practice true multilateralism, provide a new platform and new model for multilateral cooperation to improve global governance, and contribute more wisdom and strength to building a more just and reasonable international order.
Drawing on historical wisdom, taking the community of destiny as an agreement, and guided by the "Shanghai Spirit", adhering to the original aspiration of unity, the leaders of the SCO countries will jointly draw a new blueprint for the development of the SCO on the coast of the Bohai Sea and the Haihe River, jointly protect regional peace, jointly promote prosperity and revitalization, and work together to create a better future for the region and the world.
Return to TopBeijing, August 22nd (Reporter Zhang Tianpei (张天培)) Wang Xiaohong (王小洪), Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of the Ministry of Public Security (公安部), met with Cuban Communist Party Central Committee Political Bureau member and Minister of the Ministry of the Interior of Cuba, Álvarez, in Beijing (北京) on the 22nd.
Wang Xiaohong (王小洪) stated that this year marks the 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Cuba. The Chinese side is willing to work with the Cuban side to take the important consensus reached by the top leaders of the two parties and countries as a guide, further implement the ministerial meeting mechanism, strengthen personnel exchanges and law enforcement capacity building, deepen practical cooperation in law enforcement and security, safeguard the security and interests of the two countries, and make greater contributions to building a closer China-Cuba community of common destiny.
Álvarez stated that he is willing to further strengthen coordination and cooperation with the Chinese side to jointly address security risks and challenges.
Return to TopCopenhagen, August 21st (Xinhua) -- (Reporter Zhang Yuliang (张玉亮)) To commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, the opening ceremony of the exhibition "My Friend – Bernhard Arp Sindberg" was held on August 21st at the Chinese Culture Center in Copenhagen, Denmark. More than 100 representatives from various circles in China and Denmark attended the opening ceremony and visited the exhibition.
The exhibition was organized by the "John Rabe Diary and Peace City" team of Nanjing University (南京大学). The exhibition uses graphic introductions, physical displays, and interactive digital products to trace the life of the Dane Bernhard Arp Sindberg (贝恩哈尔·辛德贝格), focusing on Sindberg's heroic act of sticking to the Jiangnan Cement Factory (江南水泥厂) during the Nanjing Massacre by the invading Japanese army, and rescuing and protecting nearly 20,000 Chinese civilians.
Chinese Ambassador to Denmark Wang Xuefeng (王雪峰) said in his speech that Sindberg's heroic deeds have become a vivid testimony to the profound friendship between the people of China and Denmark. For decades, the Chinese people have always remembered him. Commemorating Sindberg is not only to remember history and cherish the memory of the martyrs, but also to cherish the hard-won peace of today and jointly create a better future.
Return to TopAccording to Xinhua News Agency, Amman, August 22nd (Reporter He Yiping (何奕萍)) The 4th Jordan Children's Film Festival closed on the 21st in the capital Amman (安曼), with two Chinese films winning awards.
The film "Me and Grandma" directed by Zheng Yunchang (郑运昌) won the "Jury's Best Feature Film Award." The film "Don't Take Composition Seriously" directed by Malanhua (马兰花) won the UNICEF Special Award for Children's Rights.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 欧阳洁
On August 22nd, the State Council Information Office (国务院新闻办) held a series of thematic press conferences on "High-Quality Completion of the '14th Five-Year Plan'," introducing the achievements of high-quality market supervision and management development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period.
"Since the '14th Five-Year Plan,' the national market supervision system has adhered to the functional positioning of emphasizing both regulatory norms and promoting development, striving to create a more dynamic and fairer market environment, and providing strong guarantees for the high-quality economic and social development." Luo Wen (罗文), Director of the State Administration for Market Regulation (国家市场监督管理总局), introduced that China's ultra-large-scale market has continued to expand in scale and improve in quality, the market system has been continuously improved, and market rules have become more mature.
Promoting the national unified market to become a large stage for fair competition among various business entities.
"The large market size and broad development space are prominent advantages of China's economic development. To give full play to this advantage, it is necessary to vigorously eliminate local protectionism, prevent and stop market monopolies in a timely manner, and maintain and build a national unified market." Luo Wen (罗文) introduced that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, through unremitting efforts, a series of effective guarantee mechanisms have been formed in terms of unblocking and strengthening the domestic circulation, and a series of bottlenecks restricting the flow of factor resources have been eliminated.
The system for eliminating local protectionism and maintaining a unified market has been further improved. The Anti-Monopoly Law was revised for the first time in the 15 years since its promulgation, and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law was revised for the third time, raising the strengthening of the foundation of competition policy to legal provisions. The Regulations on Fair Competition Review were introduced, achieving full coverage of review by national, provincial, municipal, and county-level governments. At the same time, 12 supporting regulations for the implementation of laws, such as the Provisions on Prohibiting the Abuse of Market Dominance, have been formulated.
The enforcement of regulations on market monopolies has become more effective. Monitoring and evaluation of monopoly risks in key areas have been strengthened, normalized supervision of the platform economy has been strengthened, and red lights have been set and bottom lines have been drawn for preventing and stopping disorderly competition in the online market. Special actions for anti-monopoly law enforcement in the field of people's livelihood have been continuously carried out, and monopoly cases in the fields of water supply, gas, building materials, and motor vehicle testing have been investigated and dealt with.
The policies and measures against unfair competition have become more rigid. A fair competition review mechanism has been established, with a total of 42,200 important policies and measures reviewed, and 11,400 review and modification opinions put forward, preventing the introduction of policies that are not conducive to the construction of a national unified market from the source. Special actions were organized to stop the abuse of administrative power to exclude and restrict competition law enforcement, and various behaviors of closing "small markets" and self-"small cycles" were resolutely corrected.
The leading role of regional market integration has become more effective. Exploration and promotion of the construction of regional market integration in the Yangtze River Delta (长三角) and other regions, Shanghai (沪), Jiangsu (苏), Zhejiang (浙), and Anhui (皖) jointly released and implemented the specifications for the sharing and application of electronic licenses, and built a credit data sharing zone and a cross-border credit comprehensive service platform in the Greater Bay Area (大湾区). The gradual unification of regional market system rules has played an effective radiating and driving role in the construction of a national unified market.
Liu Jun (柳军), Deputy Director of the State Administration for Market Regulation (国家市场监督管理总局), introduced that since the "14th Five-Year Plan," national unified destruction actions for infringing, counterfeit, and shoddy goods have been organized continuously, covering more than 200 varieties in 30 major categories, with a value of 2.79 billion yuan. The establishment and implementation of credit supervision systems such as the list of enterprises with abnormal operations have been established and implemented, and the enterprise credit index has risen from 128.6 in 2020 to 161.61 in the first half of 2025. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, market supervision departments across the country handled a total of 89.028 million complaints and reports, recovering economic losses of 21.71 billion yuan for consumers; consumer associations across the country accepted a total of 5.749 million consumer complaints, recovering economic losses of 5.78 billion yuan.
Luo Wen (罗文) said that during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, the construction of a national unified market will continue to be advanced in depth, local protectionism and market segmentation will be eliminated with greater efforts, the order of fair competition in the market will be maintained with more practical measures, and efforts will be made to promote the national unified market to become a large stage for fair competition among various business entities.
Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," the number of individual industrial and commercial households has increased by a net 33.946 million.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the State Administration for Market Regulation (国家市场监督管理总局) continuously optimized the pre-event, mid-event, and post-event supervision mechanisms, fully completed the "separation of permits and licenses" reform, established a unified access system for business entities, implemented a unified negative list for market access, and realized "one-stop online processing" for the establishment of enterprises, fully stimulating the entrepreneurial vitality of the whole society. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," the net increase in the number of enterprises in China has been 19.999 million, and the net increase in the number of individual industrial and commercial households has been 33.946 million.
Market access is more standardized. The revision of the Company Law was promoted, legally adding a maximum contribution period of 5 years, guiding existing and newly established companies to subscribe on schedule, and curbing market chaos such as sky-high contributions, ultra-long contributions, and blind contributions. The "real-name authentication" of registration was promoted, the standardized registration of enterprise names and business scopes was promoted, and "red and green lights" for registration items were optimized.
Market exit is smoother. The facilitation of enterprise cancellation has been further promoted, relying on the "one-stop service" platform for enterprise cancellation to promote the efficient handling of enterprise cancellation registration as "one matter." The simplified cancellation registration of business entities has been fully implemented to ensure that business entities without debts can exit the market through simplified procedures in as little as 21 days.
Enterprises handle affairs more efficiently. The full online handling of enterprise establishment has been promoted, and the "efficient handling of one matter" such as opening catering stores, changing enterprise information, transferring enterprise registration, and "individual to enterprise" has been promoted. Among them, the time for opening a catering store has been reduced from 37 days in the past to 15 days now, and the number of enterprise information change materials has been streamlined from 23 to 6. The application of electronic business licenses has been expanded, with 370 million downloads of electronic business licenses and more than 600 million cumulative uses, greatly facilitating enterprises and the public in handling affairs and starting businesses.
Supervision and law enforcement are more fair. The "double random, one open" supervision has been implemented in depth, the scope of joint departmental random inspections has been continuously expanded, and the interference with the normal operation of enterprises has been minimized. A list of administrative violations that are not punished for the first violation or are slightly exempted from punishment has been issued, focusing on preventing "heavy punishment for minor offenses."
In response to various new consumption scenarios such as takeaway ordering and live streaming e-commerce, compliance guidance for platform enterprises has been strengthened.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the "Outline for Building a Quality Strong Country" (质量强国建设纲要) and the "National Standardization Development Outline" (国家标准化发展纲要) were released, and the macro quality policy system was further improved.
The food safety situation is generally stable. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the strengthening of whole-chain supervision was promoted, the permit access was strictly controlled, the whole-process supervision was strengthened, the full-coverage sampling inspection was organized, and unqualified food was strictly prevented from flowing to the table. The qualification rate of grain processed products, meat products, dairy products, etc. has remained high for many years. The quality and safety supervision of infant formula milk powder has been strictly regulated, and outstanding problems in campus food safety have been severely rectified. At the same time, new formats have been strictly regulated, and compliance guidance for platform enterprises has been strengthened in response to various new consumption scenarios such as online shopping, takeaway ordering, and live streaming e-commerce.
The reform of drug and medical device supervision has been comprehensively deepened, and the national drug sampling inspection pass rate has remained stable above 99.4%. Yang Sheng (杨胜), Deputy Director of the National Medical Products Administration (国家药品监督管理局), introduced that more than 200,000 batches of various drugs, more than 20,000 batches of medical devices, and more than 20,000 batches of cosmetics are sampled and inspected every year, and the production enterprises are inspected and the selected varieties are sampled and inspected for national centralized procurement. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," 204 innovative drugs and 265 innovative medical devices have been approved. At present, China's pharmaceutical industry ranks second in the world in terms of scale, and the number of innovative drugs under research and development accounts for about 30% of the world's total.
The quality and safety situation of industrial products is generally stable. Deng Zhiyong (邓志勇), Deputy Director of the State Administration for Market Regulation (国家市场监督管理总局) and Director of the National Standardization Administration (国家标准化管理委员会), introduced that the access control role of industrial product production licenses and compulsory product certification has been brought into play. Six types of high-risk products were included in the production license management, 15 types of products were included in the compulsory product certification management, and 220,000 batches of unqualified products were discovered and disposed of according to law. The "Quality Improvement and Strengthening Enterprises" action to help enterprises with quality technology has been promoted in depth, with a cumulative assistance of 376,000 enterprises.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李红梅 窦 皓 马 原
Fine drizzle permeates the bamboo forest, the air is crisp, and the stream babbles. In front of the "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" stone tablet, raindrops dance on blooming petals, and tourists from all over come and go. This is Yucun Village (余村村), Anji County (安吉县), Huzhou City (湖州市), Zhejiang Province (浙江省).
Twenty years ago, it was here that Xi Jinping (习近平), then Secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, put forward the "Two Mountains" theory of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets."
For 20 years, under the guidance of the "Two Mountains" theory, Zhejiang has taken the deepening of the "Thousands of Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousands of Villages Renovation" project as a traction, promoted the generation of wealth from mountains and rivers, and achieved a win-win situation of green development and prosperity, exploring the construction of beautiful villages with "common prosperity and common beauty."
Ecological Improvement, One Village, One Painting
Walking into Lulikeng Village (路里坑村), Changshan County (常山县), Quzhou City (衢州市), crowds gather in front of the dozens of meters high "Lime Kiln." Baker Chen Meifang (陈美芳) takes a golden, fragrant loaf of bread from the kiln and walks towards the customers.
Lulikeng Village (路里坑村) was once a well-known "Lime Village." At the beginning of this century, the lime kilns were gradually shut down. Chen Meifang (陈美芳), 48, worked outside for many years until she returned to the village last year and found that the village had changed.
The "white" mountains have become lush green, the abandoned sheep sheds have become cafes, the messy farmyards are decorated with flowers to develop courtyard economy, and the natural karst caves have become natural theme restaurants filled with tourists.
By managing the ecology and restoring vegetation, Lulikeng Village (路里坑村) relies on natural resources and industrial heritage to develop rural tourism. During the Spring Festival this year, the lime kiln was "reborn" as a "bread kiln" and began operations. Chen Meifang (陈美芳) became a "bread village sister-in-law." "I made more than 800 breads in one day. The village environment is good, there are more tourists, and I am very happy to work at my doorstep."
From selling lime to eating "ecological food," the lime kiln has stopped, but the "kiln fire" is burning more and more vigorously. Since 2024, various business formats in Lulikeng Village (路里坑村) have driven more than 150 villagers to find employment at their doorsteps, and the village collective has increased its income by more than 6 million yuan.
Protecting the ecological environment is protecting productivity, and improving the ecological environment is developing productivity.
In Tantou Village (坛头村), Wuyi County (武义县), Jinhua City (金华市), the "Five Waters Co-Governance" is carried out, and endangered houses are renovated. The stinky river beach has become a wetland, and the ancient buildings have become "living rooms," attracting more than 200,000 tourists every year. In the iron ore area of Jingning She Autonomous County (景宁畲族自治县), Lishui City (丽水市), waste rocks are cleared, land is reclaimed, and the vegetation coverage rate has increased from less than 30% to 85%. The cumulative revenue of the mine cave landscape group exceeds 160 million yuan...
One village, one painting; one county, one landscape. A good ecological environment consolidates the foundation for development and provides a green "foundation" for the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.
Beautiful Economy, Green Development
Surrounded by water, with white walls and black tiles, tea gardens and bamboo forests... Jingshan Village (径山村), Yuhang District (余杭区), Hangzhou City (杭州市) is like a poetic landscape painting.
"Originally, the village mined, and even sparrows were unwilling to stop on the mountain. We closed the mines, opened tea mountains, and developed the tea economy. Now the village has more than 3,000 mu of tea gardens. The pre-Qingming tea sells for up to seven or eight thousand yuan per catty, and we have also developed various derivative products and developed tea culture tourism," said Yu Ronghua (俞荣华), Secretary of the Party Committee of Jingshan Village (径山村).
Scan the QR code on the tea packaging box with your mobile phone, and the entire life cycle carbon footprint of the tea, including planting, processing, and transportation, is clear at a glance. Not only tea, but also the development of village-level bamboo forest carbon sink measurement projects, calculating the village's annual net carbon sink of 7938.79 tons; carrying out biodiversity surveys to protect 578 types of "wild neighbors"; setting up photovoltaic bus stations; using rapeseed cake organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizers to grow tea...
Ecological carbon sequestration and industrial carbon reduction have made "zero-carbon village" a "golden business card." In 2024, the collective distributable income of Jingshan Village (径山村) reached 8.87 million yuan, and the per capita income of villagers exceeded 61,000 yuan.
Exploring ecological industrialization in accordance with local conditions, the economic value of lucid waters and lush mountains is constantly emerging.
"The environment is good, the honey is good." Zhang Jianping (张建平), a beekeeper in Linkeng Village (林坑村), Xianju County (仙居县), Taizhou City (台州市), only harvests honey once a year. The honey is thick and nutritious, and it can sell for 100 yuan per catty. Exploring the "plum, tea, chicken, and bee" ecological planting and breeding model, Linkeng Village (林坑村), with its excellent environment, is having a sweeter and sweeter life.
Lishui Mountain Farming (丽水山耕), Anji White Tea (安吉白茶) and other industries that enrich the people have polished the ecological brand. Green finance has helped "Shengsi Mussels (嵊泗贻贝)" National Geographical Indication trademark pledge loans to achieve a credit line of 3.5 billion yuan... Efforts are being made to transform the ecological value contained in lucid waters and lush mountains into invaluable assets. Ecological advantages are becoming a continuous industrial driving force, promoting the development of a beautiful economy in beautiful villages.
Co-construction and Sharing, Common Prosperity and Common Beauty
In August, Xiachuang Village (下庄村), Qingtian County (青田县), Lishui City (丽水市), is filled with the faint fragrance of camellia flowers. Following the fragrance, in the camellia oil handmade soap production workshop, villagers are mixing oil and whipping foam to make local specialty camellia fruit into pieces of handmade soap.
Qingtian (青田) is known as the "Oil Depot of Southern Zhejiang," with 306,700 mu of camellia planted. "In the past, everyone planted their own, and only knew to use camellia oil for cooking," said Chen Yongsheng (陈永生), a large planting household in Xiachuang Village (下庄村). The township established a strong village company, with local state-owned enterprises, social capital, and the collective of six villages in the township investing shares. Last year, a common prosperity workshop was built to uniformly plant, purchase, process, package, and sell, making camellia oil of better quality and price.
The workshop also develops products such as soaps, skin care products, and coffee. Last year, the output value was about 10 million yuan, driving more than 100 villagers to increase their income by an average of 12,000 yuan at their doorsteps.
Zhejiang (浙江) has proposed to build 10,000 "common prosperity workshops" in three years to achieve full coverage of mountainous counties and townships. As of the end of July this year, Qingtian (青田) has built 107 common prosperity workshops, absorbing nearly 8,000 people for employment.
Sharing the ecological dividends of the countryside in co-residence, exploring the ecological value of the countryside in co-construction, and realizing the "common prosperity and common beauty" of the countryside in co-creation.
Shi Wennan (施文南), a incense maker in Meilin Village (梅林村), Xiaoshan District (萧山区), Hangzhou City (杭州市), is displaying his handmade crafts. "There are many tourists here, which provides a platform for the dissemination of my skills and works." Meilin Village (梅林村) and four surrounding villages have established a consortium to jointly build new facilities and create new projects, transforming from single-village development to alliance-based common prosperity.
In Miaojia Village (缪家村), Jiashan County (嘉善县), Jiaxing City (嘉兴市), the beautiful scenery of waterfront homestays, the romance of flower sea scenic spots, and the sweetness of chocolate factories constitute a new life for the villagers. Miaojia Village (缪家村) and seven other villages have joined forces to develop, integrate resources, complement each other's advantages, enhance the competitiveness of the cultural tourism industry, and attract tourists from the Yangtze River Delta region.
Building lucid waters and lush mountains even more beautifully and making invaluable assets even greater, the rural picture of "common prosperity and common beauty" is accelerating its unfolding. Green is becoming the most moving color in thousands of villages in Zhejiang (浙江).
Return to TopBeijing, August 22nd (Reported by Qiu Chaoyi (邱超奕) from this newspaper) Recently, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (人力资源社会保障部), the Ministry of Finance (财政部), the State Taxation Administration (税务总局), the National Financial Regulatory Administration (金融监管总局), and the China Securities Regulatory Commission (中国证监会) jointly issued the "Notice on Issues Related to Receiving Individual Pension Funds," clarifying specific operational methods for enriching the circumstances under which individual pension funds can be received.
The notice stipulates that participants who meet one of the following conditions may receive individual pension funds: First, reaching the age for receiving basic pension benefits. Second, completely losing the ability to work. Third, settling abroad (境). Fourth, within 12 months before the application date, the individual or their spouse, or minor children incurred medical expenses related to basic medical insurance, and the individual burden after deducting medical insurance reimbursement (referring to the self-paid portion within the scope of the medical insurance catalog) cumulatively exceeds the previous year's per capita disposable income of residents in the province (自治区, or 直辖市). Fifth, having received unemployment insurance benefits for a cumulative total of 12 months within 2 years before the application date. Sixth, currently receiving urban and rural minimum living security funds.
The notice clarifies that participants applying to receive individual pension funds can submit applications through channels such as the National Social Insurance Public Service Platform (国家社会保险公共服务平台) and other nationally unified online service portals, the opening bank of the individual pension fund capital account, and the social insurance management agency where the current basic pension insurance relationship is located, and the application will be verified by the social security management agency. For those that pass verification, the opening bank of the individual pension fund capital account will withhold and remit individual income tax on their behalf and transfer the funds to the individual's social security card bank account.
The notice requires strengthening information sharing, fully utilizing available cross-business and cross-level data, and optimizing the functions of the management system to provide convenient services for receiving individual pension funds.
Return to TopThe Central Delegation, entrusted by General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and carrying the cordial greetings of the Party Central Committee and the deep blessings of the people of the whole country, dispatched its main delegation and various sub-delegations to Shigatse (日喀则), Ngari (阿里), Qamdo (昌都), Nagqu (那曲), Nyingchi (林芝), and Shannan (山南) on August 22. They visited and extended greetings to cadres and people of all ethnic groups, emphasizing the need to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech when listening to the work report of the Tibet Autonomous Region (西藏自治区) Party Committee and Government. They stressed the need to fully implement the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the new era and to implement it **不折不扣** (bù zhé bù kòu - "without discount," completely; thoroughly) in promoting long-term stability and high-quality development in Tibet. Each sub-delegation presented the local areas with a congratulatory plaque inscribed with General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) inscription: "Jointly Build a Community of the Chinese Nation and Write a New Chapter of Beautiful Tibet (共建中华民族共同体 书写美丽西藏新篇章)".
Wang Huning (王沪宁), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and head of the Central Delegation, led the main delegation to Dingri County (定日县) to inspect the post-earthquake reconstruction and the relocation of affected people. He also visited and extended greetings to the affected people in Sengga Village (森嘎村), Changsuo Township (长所乡). He stated that the Party Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) are very concerned about Dingri's (定日) earthquake relief, post-disaster reconstruction, and the production and life of the affected people. He emphasized the need to meticulously carry out the work of rebuilding homes, prevent people from falling back into poverty due to disasters, and strive to build a happy and beautiful new home. The main delegation visited Aya Village (阿亚村), Gadong Town (嘎东镇), Bailang County (白朗县) to inspect primary-level Party building, rural revitalization, and the construction of livable and beautiful villages, and to understand the production and living conditions of the people. Wang Huning (王沪宁) stated that it is necessary to give full play to the role of primary-level Party organizations as fighting fortresses, consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside, and continuously improve the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security, so that people of all ethnic groups can live a happier and better life. The main delegation visited the export cargo inspection site of the Shigatse International Land Port (日喀则国际陆地港). Wang Huning (王沪宁) stated that it is necessary to further deepen reform and opening up, improve Tibet's (西藏) level of opening up to the outside world, actively serve and connect with major regional strategies, and promote Tibet's (西藏) high-quality development. The main delegation visited the Jiangsa National Wetland Park (江萨国家湿地公园) in Shigatse (日喀则). Wang Huning (王沪宁) stated that it is necessary to strengthen the ecological and environmental protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原), promote the construction of a natural protected area system with national parks as the main body, promote the continuous improvement of regional ecosystem functions, and make the sky bluer, the land greener, the water clearer, and the environment more beautiful in the snowy plateau.
Li Ganjie (李干杰), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Minister of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, and deputy head of the Central Delegation, led the Ngari (阿里) sub-delegation to the village committee of Dianjiao Village (典角村), Zaxigang Township (扎西岗乡), Gar County (噶尔县), Ngari Prefecture (阿里地区), to understand the implementation of the action to consolidate border areas and enrich the people and the work of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. In the compound of the Ngari Prefectural Party Committee (阿里地委), Li Ganjie (李干杰) and his entourage visited and extended greetings to members of the Ngari (阿里) leadership team and representatives from all ethnic groups and all walks of life and took a group photo. Subsequently, the delegation went to communities, schools, industrial parks, and hospitals to learn about the consolidation and expansion of poverty alleviation achievements, primary-level governance, educational assistance to Tibet, agricultural development, and medical and health undertakings. Li Ganjie (李干杰) stated that it is necessary to further promote the enrichment of the people and the consolidation of the border, guide cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups to continuously enhance the "five recognitions," promote exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups, and implement measures to improve production and living conditions, develop plateau characteristic advantageous industries, strengthen ecological civilization construction, and do a good job in counterpart assistance to Tibet in the new era, so that people of all ethnic groups can share the fruits of Chinese-style modernization.
Zhang Guoqing (张国清), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Vice Premier of the State Council, and deputy head of the Central Delegation, led the Qamdo (昌都) sub-delegation to the Jixiang Square (吉祥广场) of the Qamdo Digital Ecological Industrial Park (昌都数智生态产业园) to investigate the mass skill demonstration activity of "Red Qamdo (红色昌都) · Revitalizing and Forging Ahead." Subsequently, the delegation went to Jitang Community (吉塘社区) to inspect the construction of primary-level Party organizations and visit and extend greetings to veteran Party members. In the afternoon, at the Oriental Electric High-Altitude Wind Power Industrial Base (东方电气高海拔风电产业基地) in the Qamdo New Area (昌都新区), Zhang Guoqing (张国清) and his entourage investigated the development of the clean energy industry. At the Qiangbalin Monastery (强巴林寺), Zhang Guoqing (张国清) learned in detail about the management of the monastery and the protection of cultural relics, and presented a congratulatory banner to the Qiangbalin Monastery (强巴林寺). Subsequently, the delegation visited and extended greetings to members of the Qamdo (昌都) leadership team and representatives from all ethnic groups and all walks of life and took a group photo. Zhang Guoqing (张国清) stated that cadres and people of all ethnic groups in Qamdo (昌都) should further forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, give full play to their location advantages and resource advantages, focus on the four major tasks of stability, development, ecology, and strengthening the border, and strive to promote the Qamdo (昌都) practice of Chinese-style modernization.
Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and deputy head of the Central Delegation, led the Nagqu (那曲) sub-delegation to Hangjia New Village (杭嘉新村), Seni District (色尼区), Nagqu City (那曲市), to investigate the construction of livable and beautiful villages under the "Thousands of Villages Demonstration Project (千万工程)" and visit herdsmen. In the afternoon, the delegation visited the clean energy industrial park and the hospital to understand the development situation; went to Xiaodeng Temple (孝登寺) to investigate the "three consciousnesses" education, strengthen and innovate temple management, and cultural relic protection, and presented a congratulatory banner; and entered Nagqu City Primary School (那曲市小学) to understand the education and teaching situation. Subsequently, Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村) and his entourage came to the Nagqu City (那曲市) Party and Government Conference Center to visit and extend greetings to members of the Nagqu City (那曲市) leadership team and representatives from all ethnic groups and all walks of life and took a group photo. Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村) pointed out that cadres and people of all ethnic groups in Nagqu (那曲) should further forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promote the construction of a community for the Chinese nation; always adhere to starting from reality, promote high-quality development in accordance with local conditions; always adhere to the leadership of the Party, earnestly strengthen Party building, and strive to promote the Nagqu (那曲) practice of Chinese-style modernization.
Hu Chunhua (胡春华), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy head of the Central Delegation, led the Nyingchi (林芝) sub-delegation to the dam site of the Milin Reservoir (米林水库) to understand the planning, design, and construction of the hydropower project in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River (雅鲁藏布江) and visit and extend greetings to frontline workers. Subsequently, the delegation came to Liding Village (立定村), Nyingchi Town (林芝镇), to learn about rural revitalization, and visited the home of villager Tsering Lobsang (次仁罗布); at the Sejila Mountain Tunnel (色季拉山隧道) exit of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway (川藏铁路), they inspected the construction of major national projects; at the municipal government service center, they learned about the experience and practices of comprehensive service window reform; at the city's Party and government conference center, they visited and extended greetings to members of the Nyingchi City (林芝市) leadership team and representatives from all ethnic groups and all walks of life and took a group photo; and went to Gongbu Park (工布公园) to investigate the park's construction. Hu Chunhua (胡春华) stated that Nyingchi (林芝) has made great progress in its economic and social undertakings, and the overall social situation is harmonious and stable; it is necessary to further forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, use the opportunities brought about by serving the implementation of major national strategies, focus on the four major tasks of stability, development, ecology, and strengthening the border, and strive to promote the Nyingchi (林芝) practice of Chinese-style modernization.
Zhang Shengmin (张升民), member of the Central Military Commission and deputy head of the Central Delegation, led the Shannan (山南) sub-delegation to Zaxiquteng Community (扎西曲登社区) and Kesong Community (克松社区), Naidong District (乃东区), Shannan City (山南市), to learn about the construction of beautiful villages, the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage, and the first village of democratic reform in Tibet, and visited residents' homes to extend greetings. Subsequently, the delegation went to the Shannan Military Sub-district (山南军分区) and primary-level troops to investigate the construction of primary-level companies and extend greetings to officers and soldiers; in the Shannan Municipal Party Committee (山南市委) compound, they visited and extended greetings to members of the Shannan City (山南市) leadership team and representatives from all ethnic groups and all walks of life and took a group photo. In the afternoon, the delegation came to communities, planting bases, and technology companies to learn in detail about Party building leading primary-level governance, the development of characteristic industries, and drone emergency rescue. Zhang Shengmin (张升民) pointed out that Shannan City (山南市) should continue to thoroughly focus on the four major tasks of stability, development, ecology, and strengthening the border; develop plateau characteristic advantageous industries in accordance with local conditions, especially characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry and clean energy industries; strengthen ecological civilization construction, and strive to achieve harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
Return to TopAugust 22nd, Wuchang Port (乌场港), Wanning City (万宁市), Hainan Province (海南省), fishermen load and unload their catch at the dock.
After the South China Sea (南海) summer fishing moratorium ended on August 16th, Hainan (海南) fishing boats that went out to sea have returned one after another fully loaded. The joy of a good harvest overflows the docks, and a large quantity of fresh seafood products are continuously supplied to the market.
Meng Zhongde (蒙钟德) Photo (Image China (影像中国))
Return to TopThis newspaper's Beijing (北京) dispatch on August 22nd (Reporter Wang Guan (王观)) - This reporter learned from the State Taxation Administration (国家税务总局): The large-scale equipment renewal and trade-in policy for consumer goods has been implemented for more than a year, and its effects continue to manifest.
Equipment renewal helps industrial transformation and upgrading. Value-added tax invoice data shows that from April 2024 to July 2025, the national enterprise procurement of mechanical equipment increased by 7.3% year-on-year. Among them, the industrial enterprise procurement of mechanical equipment increased by 9.8% year-on-year; the equipment procurement amount of the information transmission software industry and the science and technology service industry increased by 27.8% and 28.3% year-on-year, respectively; the equipment procurement amount of private enterprises increased by 9.3% year-on-year, and the supporting role of equipment renewal is further highlighted.
Trade-in heats up diversified consumer demand. The vitality of traditional consumption fields and smart consumption fields continues to be released. Value-added tax invoice data shows that from April 2024 to July 2025, the sales of daily household appliances and audio-visual equipment increased by 44.5% and 22.8% year-on-year, respectively; the retail sales of furniture and sanitary ware increased by 30.1% and 13.6% year-on-year, respectively; the sales of service robot manufacturing increased by 51.1% year-on-year; and the national sales of new energy vehicles increased by 81.7% year-on-year.
Value-added tax invoice data shows that from April 2024 to July 2025, the superposition of the "two new" policies directly drove the growth of retail demand nationwide, which in turn acted on the supply side, driving manufacturing enterprises to increase their efforts to promote equipment renewal and upgrading. The sales revenue of manufacturing industry increased by 5.8% year-on-year, and the domestic economic cycle is smoother.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 22nd. To thoroughly study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important exposition on building a transportation powerhouse and his important instructions on railway work, vigorously promote the spirit of model workers, the spirit of work, and the spirit of craftsmanship, and encourage and guide the vast number of railway cadres and workers to actively participate in the construction of a transportation powerhouse and serve as pioneers in Chinese-style modernization, the Central Propaganda Department (中宣部) and China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (中国国家铁路集团有限公司) publicly released the "Most Beautiful Railway Workers" to the whole society.
Ding Qiaoren (丁巧仁), Wang Tingting (王婷婷), Kong Xiangpei (孔祥配), Che Feifei (车菲菲), Li Yuan (李元), Wang Chao (王超), Chen Yonghong (陈永红), Ma Wanli (马万里), Wang Zhongmei (王中美), and Gao Mingwei (高明伟), among other 10 comrades, were honorably selected. They dedicate themselves to the front line, grow at the grassroots level, and make contributions in their positions. Some are devoted to safeguarding the safe operation of railways in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas, some actively participate in the reform of modern railway logistics to help enterprise development, some are determined to innovate in equipment technology to contribute to China's railway construction, some optimize services based on reality to improve the quality of passenger travel, and some bravely undertake major national tasks and contribute wisdom and strength to the "China Standard" of railways going abroad... They use hard work and sweat to protect the speeding trains, use dedication to warm the journey of the masses, interpret the purpose of the people's railway serving the people with practical actions, write a youthful chapter of struggle on the thousands of miles of railway lines, show the demeanor of the "most beautiful," and burst out the power of the "most beautiful."
The vast number of cadres and workers said that greatness comes from the ordinary, and struggle achieves the "most beautiful." Doing every ordinary job well is extraordinary. We must take the "Most Beautiful Railway Workers" as an example, aim high and be down-to-earth, integrate personal ideals and pursuits into the cause of the Party and the country, transform them into daily efforts and years of struggle, realize personal value in helping national development, and show the style of life in promoting the progress of the times.
At the release ceremony, a video clip of the advanced deeds of the "Most Beautiful Railway Workers" was played, telling their work and life experiences from different perspectives. Responsible comrades from the Central Propaganda Department (中宣部) and China State Railway Group (国铁集团) presented them with the "Most Beautiful Railway Workers" certificates.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 22nd – To solemnly commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, the exhibition and performance of excellent stage art works commemorating the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, hosted by the Central Propaganda Department (中央宣传部) and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (文化和旅游部), and organized by the Bureau of Literature and Art of the Central Propaganda Department (中央宣传部文艺局) and the Department of Art of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (文化和旅游部艺术司), will be held in Beijing (北京) from late August to late October 2025, with a total of 22 excellent stage art works from across the country participating.
The participating works highlight the theme of "remembering history, cherishing the memory of martyrs, cherishing peace, and creating the future." They include dance dramas such as "Memories Deep Inside," concerts such as "Ode to Peace," and dramas such as "The Butcher," which reflect the theme of the World Anti-Fascist War from an international perspective or background. There are also modern Ping operas such as "Lubei Guerrilla" (路北游击队), musicals such as "Harbin Under the Night" (夜幕下的哈尔滨), and Shanghai operas such as "Spark amid the Reeds" (芦荡火种), which depict the tenacious struggle of guerrilla fighters and underground Communist Party (中共) members against the enemy. There are also dramas such as "Long Yin Ju" (龙隐居), acrobatic dramas such as "Pioneer" (先声), Peking operas such as "Yan Yi Tang" (燕翼堂), and Jilin operas such as "Ji De Quan" (积德泉), which revolve around family portraits during the Anti-Japanese War to reflect the passing down of revolutionary beliefs from generation to generation. There are also dramas such as "Yan River Ballad" (延水谣) and "Literature and Art in the War of Resistance" (抗战中的文艺), and dance dramas such as "Singing Passionately with Hot Blood" (热血当歌), which reflect the creative journey of revolutionary literary and art workers. There are also ballet dramas such as "Return of the Red Diamond" (归来红菱艳) and Gezai operas such as "Beacon Fire Overseas Chinese Soul" (烽火侨魂), which showcase the patriotic feelings of returned overseas Chinese. There are also Long operas such as "The Great River Flows East" (大河东流), Huangmei operas such as "Taiyang Mountain" (太阳山上), Chu operas such as "Dabie Mountain People" (大别山人), and Cantonese operas such as "Camel Brother's Flag" (驼哥的旗), which portray the awakening of the national spirit of the people. There are also dramas such as "Qiantang Hao Ge" (钱塘浩歌), which focus on the unyielding integrity of the older generation of intellectuals, and children's dramas such as "The Intelligence That Could Not Be Sent Out" (送不出去的情报) and Peking operas such as "Little Soldier Zhang Ga" (小兵张嘎), which showcase the anti-Japanese deeds of children during the war years.
This exhibition and performance will combine offline performances with online broadcasts, with approximately 40 offline performances held in 11 theaters, including the Central Opera House Theater (中央歌剧院剧场), the National Theater of China (国家话剧院剧场), the Tianqiao Theater (天桥剧场), the Beijing Concert Hall (北京音乐厅), and the Beijing Tianqiao Performing Arts Center (北京天桥艺术中心). At the same time, full-length videos of the participating works will be uniformly released on central media, the government portal website of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (文化和旅游部政府门户网站), the "Study Times" learning platform ("学习强国"学习平台), the "Voice of Culture and Tourism" government new media ("文旅之声"政务新媒体), the "Literary and Art China" broadcasting platform ("文艺中国"演播平台), and the new media platforms of cultural and tourism administrative departments in various regions, allowing excellent works to reach more audiences and expand the influence of the exhibition and performance.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李心萍
This is a vast network.
The 162,000-kilometer railway network covers 99% of cities with a population of over 200,000; the 48,000-kilometer high-speed railway network covers 97% of cities with a population of over 500,000. China's railways cross rivers and reach all directions.
This is a busy network.
In 2024, national railways transported 4.08 billion passengers and 3.99 billion tons of goods; in the first seven months of this year, they transported 2.497 billion passengers and 2.331 billion tons of goods. China's railway is the busiest transportation railway network in the world.
There is such a group of "most beautiful railway people": they are based on their positions, dedicated and responsible, persistent and steadfast, and write their youthful struggles on the thousands of miles of railway lines.
"Railway safety is no small matter"
In the Qilian Mountains Tunnel Group (祁连山隧道群) of the Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-Speed Railway (兰新高铁), the average altitude is more than 3,100 meters, the oxygen content is only 77% of sea level, the ice and snow period lasts up to 9 months a year, and the minimum temperature is minus 39 degrees Celsius.
Chen Yonghong (陈永红) has worked here for 12 years. As a foreman of the Zhangye West Comprehensive Maintenance Workshop of the Lanzhou High-speed Railway Infrastructure Section of the China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. (中国铁路兰州局集团有限公司兰州高铁基础设施段张掖西综合维修车间), Chen Yonghong (陈永红) overcame the harsh environment of high altitude and lack of oxygen, and personally inspected 2,870 pillars, 17,220 hangers, and countless joints and line switches of the catenary equipment in the work area to ensure safety.
Also in the plateau, Ma Wanli (马万里) is watching over bridges and tunnels. On a summer day on the banks of the Huangshui River (湟水河), Ma Wanli (马万里), a bridge and tunnel worker from the Xining High-speed Railway Bridge and Tunnel Workshop of the China Railway Qinghai-Tibet Group Co., Ltd. (中国铁路青藏集团有限公司西宁工务段西宁高铁路桥车间), led a group of post-95s bridge and tunnel workers to carefully inspect the railway.
Hardworking and highly skilled, this is the evaluation of Ma Wanli (马万里) by his colleagues. During an inspection of a tunnel, Ma Wanli (马万里) pointed out that there was a gap in the inner wall of a section of the tunnel waist. Everyone was full of suspicion. Ma Wanli (马万里) knocked on the wall waist with an inspection hammer, and a honeycomb gap the size of a plate was revealed. Since then, the nickname "Ma Golden Hammer" (马金锤) has spread.
The camera turns to the southwest border of the motherland. In the maintenance workshop of the Kunming Vehicle Depot of the China Railway Kunming Bureau Group Co., Ltd. (中国铁路昆明局集团有限公司昆明车辆段检修车间), vehicle electrician Wang Chao (王超) held a welding gun and concentrated on repairing the power board.
The power board is the "heart" of the power-concentrated EMU inverter. There are more than 200 solder joints densely packed on the chip, which is smaller than a fingernail on the board, and chip welding is a "embroidery" job.
In order to take down this 硬骨头 (yìng gǔ tóu - "hard bone," a difficult problem), Wang Chao (王超), who did not understand chip welding, started with the most basic principle of tin welding; if his operating ability was insufficient, he collected discarded boards and practiced welding skills repeatedly... After more than 600 failures, he finally found the best matching scheme for the welding gun and solder wire.
Wang Zhongmei (王中美) is a bridge welder at China Railway Ninth Bridge Engineering Co., Ltd. (中铁九桥工程有限公司), a subsidiary of China Railway Industry. More than 60 world-class bridges have her footprints of struggle.
During the construction of the Shanghai-Suzhou-Nantong Yangtze River Railway-Road Bridge (沪苏通长江公铁大桥), Wang Zhongmei (王中美) explored a new welding process and overcame the technical difficulty of welding new steel with a thickness of 60 mm. In her twenty-four years in the industry, Wang Zhongmei (王中美) has welded 200,000 meters of weld with 100 tons of welding wire, completed 30 technical breakthroughs, obtained 22 technical patents, and filled a number of domestic gaps in welding technology.
"We must think about passengers, railway safety is no small matter," said Wang Zhongmei (王中美).
"Warm the beautiful journey with sincerity"
"The best driver should not only have superb skills, but also always think about passengers," is the motto of Kong Xiangpei (孔祥配), an EMU driver of the EMU Second Workshop of the Jinan Locomotive Depot of the China Railway Jinan Bureau Group Co., Ltd. (中国铁路济南局集团有限公司济南机务段动车二车间).
One day in December 2023, Kong Xiangpei (孔祥配) was on duty for a train from Jinan (济南), Shandong (山东) to Weihai (威海). Due to a sudden snowfall, Kong Xiangpei (孔祥配) slowed down as required. At this time, the conductor called on the walkie-talkie: there was a pregnant woman on the train who showed signs of premature birth and hoped to arrive in Weihai (威海) on time.
"Driver understands!" Kong Xiangpei (孔祥配) operated calmly all the way, ensuring that the train ran smoothly in the snow and wind section, and when it safely left the snow and wind section, he resumed and increased the speed in a timely manner. Finally, the train arrived at Weihai Station (威海站) on time.
In the 23 years since he joined the railway, Kong Xiangpei (孔祥配) has accumulated 4.07 million kilometers of safe driving and transported more than 7 million passengers, and has undertaken the first mission of the newly built high-speed railway line 7 times.
In East China, the "Xizi" (西子号) runs on the Beijing-Shanghai line (京沪线). The train attendant of this train is Che Feifei (车菲菲), the train captain of the "Xizi" train team of the High-speed Railway First Team of the Hangzhou Passenger Transport Section of the China Railway Shanghai Bureau Group Co., Ltd. (中国铁路上海局集团有限公司杭州客运段高铁一车队).
On the eve of the Lunar New Year in 2023, due to weather reasons, a large number of trains were delayed, and many transfer passengers missed their last train. Che Feifei (车菲菲) used the interactive system at hand to screen the train numbers that could be changed, carefully sorted out the transfer route map, and tried her best to help passengers find solutions.
"Putting ourselves in their shoes, we hope to warm the beautiful journey with sincerity," said Che Feifei (车菲菲).
Shenzhen North Station (深圳北站) connects Hong Kong (香港) to the south and reaches the whole country to the north, with a large number of Hong Kong and foreign passengers.
Li Yuan (李元), the captain of the "Yingchunhua" service team of the Shenzhen Station of the China Railway Guangzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd. (中国铁路广州局集团有限公司深圳车站深圳北站), believes that to serve passengers well, you have to be a "versatile person."
To this end, she and her colleagues actively explored and launched the "Four Connections" service of English, Cantonese, Shenzhen-Hong Kong, and Railway, providing passengers with a variety of consulting services and winning the recognition of passengers.
Nanning East Station (南宁东站), the "Mingwei Mobile Service Vehicle" travels between the station hall waiting area and 24 ticket gates.
Gao Mingwei (高明伟), a second-level police officer of the Nanning East Station Police Station of the Nanning Railway Public Security Department of the Nanning Railway Public Security Bureau (南宁铁路公安局南宁铁路公安处南宁东站派出所), is the driver of this service vehicle. Maintaining order, preventing crime, and checking for dangers... He always guards the safety of passengers' journeys. Since starting his work, Gao Mingwei (高明伟) has been awarded the second-class personal merit twice, the third-class personal merit four times, and the personal commendation 10 times.
"Smooth logistics is our pursuit"
Logistics is the "muscle and bone" of the real economy.
On January 22, 2024, the Xi'an Railway Logistics Center of the China Railway Xi'an Bureau Group Co., Ltd. (中国铁路西安局集团有限公司西安铁路物流中心) was officially established, and the Yulin Business Department Yanzhuangze Business Office also came into being. Wang Tingting (王婷婷) serves as a cargo loading clerk.
During a visit, she learned that the coal transportation volume of a coal and electricity company had decreased. After learning that the freight was borne by downstream enterprises, she contacted downstream enterprises from various sources, introduced the "quantity and price mutual insurance" policy launched by the railway department, and calculated in detail that increasing the transportation volume could greatly save transportation costs. The person in charge of the enterprise was very satisfied and came to the upstream enterprise with Wang Tingting (王婷婷), and the production, transportation and sales parties quickly signed an agreement. The upstream enterprise improved efficiency, the downstream customers saved money, and the railway shipped more goods, successfully achieving a "win-win-win" situation.
Since 2020, Wang Tingting's (王婷婷) team has broken the single-day loading record 26 times, and the cargo delivery volume has exceeded 50 million tons. In the railway freight reform and the promotion of the modern logistics system, she and her team members let trains full of goods run to various places.
Wang Tingting (王婷婷) is responsible for finding goods, and Ding Qiaoren's (丁巧仁) job is to help freight get better.
Ding Qiaoren (丁巧仁) is a communication worker at the Hudong Mobile Workshop of the Datong Electrical Section of the China Railway Taiyuan Bureau Group Co., Ltd. (中国铁路太原局集团有限公司大同电务段湖东移动车间). He maintains the vehicle-mounted wireless communication equipment, which is like the "ears" and "mouth" of the heavy-haul train, and is a key equipment to ensure the safe operation of the heavy-haul train.
In 2006, the wireless communication mode of the Datong-Qinhuangdao Railway (大秦线) was upgraded, and higher requirements were also put forward for the maintenance level of communication equipment. Facing the new test, Ding Qiaoren (丁巧仁) started learning from the installation and debugging of equipment, participated in various training courses, borrowed a special English dictionary to check special terms, and walked along the line to familiarize himself with the operation of equipment in the interval... In less than half a year, Ding Qiaoren (丁巧仁) became an expert in the work area in maintaining vehicle-mounted wireless communication equipment.
In recent years, the "Railway Mobile" of the Datong-Qinhuangdao Railway (大秦线) has implemented several network upgrades. As a technical backbone, Ding Qiaoren (丁巧仁) has provided the necessary technical support for the network upgrade with his superb professional skills. He said: "Smooth logistics is our pursuit."
Return to TopBy: 新华社记者 朱 程 任丽颖
More than 80 years ago, on the Jizhong battlefield, Shen Wei (沈蔚), then deputy director of the Jizhong News Agency (later the Jizhong Branch of Xinhua News Agency), went deep among the masses to collect and write news, contributing to the opening up of a new situation of "the whole party running newspapers" and "the masses running newspapers." After the founding of New China, General Lü Zhengcao (吕正操) personally wrote an inscription: "Learn from Comrade Shen Wei's hard-working and diligent revolutionary spirit, and adhere to the Party spirit principle of journalism."
Shen Wei (沈蔚), originally named Zhu Hongshou (朱鸿寿), was from Weiting Town (唯亭镇), Wu County (吴县), Jiangsu Province (江苏省) (now Weiting Street (唯亭街道), Suzhou (苏州), Jiangsu Province (江苏省)). He was intelligent from an early age, studied hard, and achieved excellent results. After graduating from elementary school, he became an apprentice in Shanghai (上海) due to poverty. In the nearly 10 years since then, Shen Wei (沈蔚) was deeply influenced by revolutionary ideas and actively participated in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement.
After the Lugouqiao Incident (卢沟桥事变) broke out, Shen Wei (沈蔚) went to Yan'an (延安) without telling his family, and embarked on the road of revolution. Soon after, he graduated from the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University (中国人民抗日军事政治大学) and joined the Communist Party of China (中国共产党). In the early summer of 1939, Shen Wei (沈蔚) arrived at the Jizhong Anti-Japanese Base Area (冀中抗日根据地) as a member of the Frontline Reporter Group of the General Political Department of the Eighth Route Army (八路军总政治部), participated in the resumption of the Jizhong Daobao (《冀中导报》), and served as the deputy director of the Jizhong News Agency (冀中通讯社) (officially renamed the Jizhong Branch of Xinhua News Agency (新华社冀中分社) in March 1942).
At the beginning of autumn, in Weiting Street (唯亭街道), Suzhou City (苏州市), Jiangsu Province (江苏省), when the reporter met 73-year-old Shen Weisheng (沈维生), he was holding a zippered file bag tightly in his hand. Opening the bag, inside was a yellowed booklet with the cover writing "Commemorative Collection of Jizhong News Warrior Comrade Shen Wei (纪念冀中新闻战士沈蔚同志文集)". "Cousin Shen Wei (沈蔚) is the pride of our family." Speaking of this anti-Japanese martyr, Shen Weisheng (沈维生) was full of respect.
The reporter carefully opened the collection, and saw that it included some of Shen Wei's (沈蔚) works, family letters, and memorial articles written by Shen Wei's (沈蔚) comrades, colleagues, and relatives. In a family letter written in December 1939, Shen Wei (沈蔚) told his parents: "What I am doing now is not only saving the country, but also saving all those who suffer, and making all the oppressed people stand up!"
In his nearly 4 years as a reporter, Shen Wei (沈蔚), regardless of his personal safety, collected, wrote, and created a large number of news reports, communications, reportage, and war poems, becoming a historical recorder of the Jizhong people's anti-Japanese struggle.
"Suddenly, everyone followed the platoon leader and jumped over the wooden railing, rushed forward, and the grenade was aimed at the giant beast's mouth... The cold wind ran away, and the smile of victory climbed onto the purple-red face." "The Night Attack (雪夜的袭击)", published in the sixth issue of the "Eighth Route Army Military and Political Magazine (《八路军军政杂志》)" in 1939, reflected the scene of a light cavalry team of the Eighth Route Army (八路军) attacking the invading Japanese army at Suji Station (苏集车站), 30 miles south of Pingdiquan (平地泉), and winning the victory.
"Killing is the purpose," "pulling living people as livestock," "wolf-hearted torture"... Shen Wei's (沈蔚) article "Who Can Endure (《谁能忍受》)", published in the Jizhong Daobao (《冀中导报》) in 1941, was full of blood and tears, exposing the heinous crimes of the invading Japanese army in massacring our compatriots.
One passionate report after another greatly encouraged and inspired the local soldiers and civilians' anti-Japanese patriotic enthusiasm.
Starting in May 1942, the Japanese army launched a frenzied "mopping-up" operation against the Jizhong area (冀中地区). Shen Wei (沈蔚) was behind enemy lines and encountered danger many times. Once, Shen Wei (沈蔚) and dozens of people were arrested and taken to the county seat as laborers. Because his southern accent could easily expose his identity, he pretended to be stupid and mute in front of the enemy, and was later rescued from danger through the active rescue of the Party organization. However, not long after, one day in July, Shen Wei (沈蔚) was suddenly surrounded by the enemy while transferring with the troops, and unfortunately died heroically at the age of less than 26.
"It was not until after the founding of New China that the family learned of the tragic news of their cousin's sacrifice through newspaper advertisements." Shen Weisheng (沈维生) said sadly, "I heard that only my cousin's press card was found that year."
On this land of Jizhong (冀中), the blood-stained photos and press card are Shen Wei's (沈蔚) "last words."
"You are a steel-like hero! ... Avenge you, avenge the country and the nation, resist to the end, until the final victory!" When his comrades died tragically under the butcher knife of the Japanese army, Shen Wei (沈蔚) turned grief into strength and wrote "The Song of Revenge (《复仇的歌》)", which was widely circulated among the soldiers and civilians of Jizhong (冀中). And he himself is a "steel-like hero" on the news front.
The man has passed away, but his integrity remains.
"My cousin's spirit has had a great impact on us. His two younger sisters studied hard and became medical workers serving the people; his third younger brother became a soldier, defending his country." Shen Weisheng (沈维生), who had been a middle school Chinese teacher for nearly 20 years, said with emotion, "I have been upright and worked hard all my life, and I am worthy of my students."
More than 80 years after his sacrifice, the hero has not been forgotten.
Weiting Experimental Primary School (唯亭实验小学), where Shen Wei (沈蔚) once studied, has listed him as an outstanding alumnus, publicized his deeds, and carried out revolutionary traditional education for all teachers and students; the Weiting Town Chronicle (《唯亭镇志》) records Shen Wei's (沈蔚) life deeds in detail, and the official Weiting (唯亭) public account publishes articles from time to time to remember the martyrs; in the Jizhong Plain (冀中平原), in Raoyang Raoyi Ancient City (饶阳饶邑古城), Hengshui (衡水), Hebei (河北), the Jizhong Daobao Exhibition Hall (冀中导报展览馆) displays precious newspapers and old-fashioned oil lamps containing Shen Wei's (沈蔚) manuscripts, allowing visitors to relive the indelible red memory...
Since its opening in 2019, the Jizhong Daobao Exhibition Hall (冀中导报展览馆) has become an important base for inheriting the red gene in the local area. Wei Zhiwei (魏志伟), the curator, said: "Since the opening of the museum, we have regularly carried out practical activities of 'inheriting the deeds of red typicals', and have received nearly 20,000 visitors so far. In the future, we will strive to innovate exhibition methods and pass on the great spirit of the War of Resistance from generation to generation."
(According to Xinhua News Agency (新华社), Nanjing (南京), August 14)
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Hong Kong, August 22nd (Reporter Meng Jia (孟佳)) According to the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Garrisoning of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" and the order of the Central Military Commission, the Chinese People's Liberation Army Hong Kong Garrison organized its 28th rotation of established units on August 22nd, which was successfully completed that evening.
It is reported that the officers and soldiers rotated out of Hong Kong this time have successfully completed various tasks centered on performing defense duties, and demonstrated the good image of the people's army as a mighty and civilized force with practical actions. Before leaving Hong Kong, they expressed their gratitude to all sectors of Hong Kong society and the general public for their care and support during their work in Hong Kong through the Garrison Press Spokesperson's Office.
The officers and soldiers rotated into Hong Kong have undergone solid training and conscientious study before entering Hong Kong, and have the ability and quality to perform Hong Kong's defense duties. They stated that they will resolutely listen to the command of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission, and Chairman Xi (习近平), strengthen the comprehensive construction of the troops, resolutely implement the "One Country, Two Systems" principle, strictly abide by the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Garrison Law, continuously improve their ability to fulfill their mission, safeguard national security and Hong Kong's long-term prosperity and stability, and make greater contributions to promoting the steady and long-term development of the "One Country, Two Systems" practice in Hong Kong.
The rotation of established units this time has received strong support from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government and all sectors of society, and the Garrison expresses its heartfelt thanks for this.
Return to TopOn August 20, police officers from the Bozidun Border Police Station (博孜墩边境派出所) of the Aksu Border Management Detachment (阿克苏边境管理支队) in Xinjiang (新疆) went deep into the pastoral areas to help local herdsmen harvest and stockpile forage.
Photo by Wang Junan (王举南) (Image China (影像中国))
Return to TopThis newspaper reports from Macau on August 22nd (Fu Zimei (富子梅), Li Song (李松)): According to the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Garrisoning of the Macau Special Administrative Region" and the order of the Central Military Commission, the Chinese People's Liberation Army Macau Garrison organized its 26th rotation of established units on the 22nd since its entry into Macau. During the rotation, the Macau Garrison strictly abided by the laws and regulations of the Macau Special Administrative Region (澳门特别行政区), organized the operation effectively and in an orderly manner, ensuring safety and smoothness throughout the process, demonstrating excellent military skills and a fine work style.
In the early morning, the troops rotating into Macau gathered at the Zhuhai (珠海) base to participate in a farewell ceremony. At the ceremony site, officers and soldiers lined up neatly with high morale, vehicles were organized in an orderly formation, and the troops were ready to depart. After the farewell ceremony, the troops proceeded in motorized maneuvers according to combat formations, entering Macau through the Hengqin (横琴) Port. At the Taipa (氹仔) Barracks in Macau, the Macau Garrison organized a defense handover ceremony.
The officers and soldiers rotating out of Macau this time have successfully completed various garrison tasks in Macau, safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests with practical actions, demonstrating the powerful and civilized image of the people's army, and making important contributions to maintaining Macau's prosperity and stability. The officers and soldiers rotating into Macau have studied relevant laws and regulations in a targeted manner before entering Macau, focusing on strengthening their military capabilities to meet defense requirements, and are fully confident and capable of fulfilling their defense responsibilities and maintaining Macau's long-term prosperity and stability.
This rotation has received strong support from the Macau Special Administrative Region Government (澳门特别行政区政府) and all sectors of society, further deepening the 鱼水情深 (yú shuǐ qíng shēn - "fish and water affection," close ties; inseparable relationship). Through this rotation of established units, the Macau Garrison will continue to maintain its strong combat effectiveness and ability to perform its defense duties, comprehensively strengthen the construction of the troops, comprehensively improve its ability to perform its defense duties, play a good role as a stabilizing force, and make greater contributions to continuing to create a new situation in the "One Country, Two Systems" practice with Macau characteristics.
Return to TopFrom August 18th to 20th, the 11th National Arts Festival for Persons with Disabilities, sponsored by the China Disabled Persons' Federation (中国残联), the Ministry of Education (教育部), the Ministry of Civil Affairs (民政部), the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (文化和旅游部), and the National Radio and Television Administration (国家广播电视总局), and organized by the Hubei Disabled Persons' Federation (湖北省残联) and other departments, as well as the China残疾人Special Art Guidance Center (中国残疾人特殊艺术指导中心), was held in Wuhan (武汉市), Hubei Province (湖北省). A total of 2,075 performers from all over the country presented programs in four major categories: vocal music, instrumental music, dance, and opera, including 1,318 actors with disabilities, accounting for 95.4% of the total number of actors.
The theme of this National Arts Festival for Persons with Disabilities is "Symphony of Dreams, Jointly Heading Towards a Glorious Chapter of the Times," focusing on showcasing the cultural and artistic achievements of people with disabilities of all ethnic groups and categories across the country during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, who sing praises to their indomitable lives and create a better life.
This year's festival adopted the method of video pre-selection followed by on-site performances for the first time, and a report performance was held at the same time, concentrating excellent programs from all over the country in one place to complete all performance tasks at once. In the early stage, a total of 432 programs were submitted to the national festival in the form of video recordings, with a total of more than 3,800 actors with disabilities, making it the largest and most participated National Arts Festival for Persons with Disabilities in history. After pre-selection, a total of 152 excellent programs participated in the on-site performances.
The National Arts Festival for Persons with Disabilities began in 1987. For more than 30 years, the Arts Festival has become a powerful tool and important stage for showcasing the cultural and artistic achievements of people with disabilities, demonstrating the development achievements of the cause of people with disabilities, enriching the spiritual and cultural life of people with disabilities, and promoting the vigorous development of cultural activities for people with disabilities at the grassroots level.
(Reported by Tian Doudou (田豆豆), reporter of this newspaper)
The photos in this edition are taken by Chen Bin (陈斌), reporter of this newspaper.
Return to TopLayout design: Cai Huawei (蔡华伟)
Return to TopBy: 赵 刚
Netizens: Recently, astronomical topics such as black holes, lunar soil, and "interstellar visitors" have often sparked heated online discussions. I am curious, what level has astronomy reached currently? How will it affect our lives?
Editor: These topics are very interesting and meaningful. In this issue of Academicians Explain Science, we invited Zhao Gang (赵刚), Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) and researcher at the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院国家天文台), to talk to everyone about exploring the universe.
Astronomy is the science of human understanding of the universe. When human civilization was still in its infancy, the movement of the sun and moon and the shifting of stars became simple tools for humans to understand the natural environment, leading them to think about "the alternation of day and night" and "the coming and going of cold and heat." This spontaneous exploration of the universe began with humanity's curiosity and thirst for knowledge about the mysterious starry sky.
Exploring the universe stems from a desire for the unknown world.
China is one of the countries in the world that started astronomy the earliest and developed the fastest. Astronomy is also one of the most developed natural sciences in ancient China. Innovative and excellent calendars, admirable inventions, and insightful cosmological theories occupy an important position in the history of world astronomy. The world's four ancient civilizations began astronomical observation and research in ancient times. China established observatories as early as the 21st century BC, and some ancient observatories, astronomical instruments, and other important facilities have been well preserved.
In 1610, Galileo applied the telescope to astronomical observation and made breakthroughs, triggering a revolution in astronomy, profoundly inspiring and changing the entire human worldview. Humanity's exploration of the universe has since entered a new era. In the subsequent 400 years, the aperture of telescopes has grown from small to large, from visible light to covering the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and from the ground to space. Continuous technological breakthroughs have brought about major astronomical discoveries and leaps in human understanding of the universe.
The universe is not only our home but also the source of human wisdom. Exploring the universe allows us to realize that the Earth is just a speck of dust in the vast universe, and our systematic scientific understanding of the universe is only a hundred years old. Exploring the universe is not only a need to understand our own living environment but also stems from humanity's desire for the unknown world and, more importantly, to find a path for the sustainable development of human civilization.
Breakthroughs in astronomy provide new perspectives for understanding the universe.
Astronomy is one of the most important and active frontier basic sciences that promote the development of natural sciences, catalyze high-tech revolutions, and promote the development and progress of human social civilization.
Since the beginning of this century, astronomy has produced a series of far-reaching and influential revolutionary achievements. Contemporary astronomy is in a golden age of rapid development and continuous major breakthroughs. Astronomical research continues to make major discoveries and open up new directions, giving humanity unprecedented new understandings of the formation and evolution of multi-scale celestial bodies and the universe's spacetime, deepening the perception of the beauty of the universe's natural laws.
Contemporary astronomy takes stars, black holes, galaxies and galaxy clusters, and the large-scale structure of the universe as its research objects, exploring the interactions and cycles between celestial bodies, and discovering the laws of matter, energy, motion, and spacetime in the universe. These basic researches are constantly promoting the progress of human civilization.
The puzzling dark matter and dark energy have surpassed the existing particle physics and gravitational theory systems, and new theories of cosmic spacetime are on the verge of emerging. Gravitational wave detection has spawned many high technologies, enabling quantum precision measurement to reach natural limits. Since the beginning of this century, large-scale astronomical equipment in various bands on the ground and in space has been built internationally at huge cost. Humans have initially outlined a multi-scale picture of the formation and co-evolution of celestial bodies from planets, stars, black holes, and galaxies to the universe, but a large number of key physical processes remain to be explored.
With the continuous enhancement of comprehensive national strength, China's astronomical research and technological level have made considerable progress and development. We have world-class research teams and leading technical strength, becoming an indispensable and important pillar on the international astronomical stage. We have built major scientific projects that have attracted the attention of the international astronomical community with our own wisdom and strength, such as the Guo Shoujing Telescope (郭守敬望远镜), the "China Sky Eye" (中国天眼), and the Wukong Dark Matter Particle Explorer (悟空号探测卫星). China has made leading contributions in many fields such as cosmology, galaxies, black holes, and stars, especially in the fields of nano-Hertz gravitational wave detection, research on the large-scale structure of the universe, research on stars and the Milky Way, and lunar exploration. These breakthrough achievements have not only promoted the development of astronomy but also provided us with new perspectives for understanding the universe.
In this golden opportunity period for the development of astronomy, China has built high-quality large-scale ground and space observation equipment with unique functions, forming distinctive advantageous fields. With a strong reserve of scientific research talents, it has the ability and objective conditions to obtain original and leading achievements. Astronomical research plays an irreplaceable role in major national needs, such as lunar and deep space exploration, precise satellite orbit determination, space debris monitoring and early warning, near-Earth object defense, solar activity and space weather, navigation and positioning, etc., supporting the national economy, people's livelihood, social development, and human well-being, and efficiently promoting the development of new quality productive forces.
Exploring the universe is a long journey across time and space.
In October 2024, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院), the China National Space Administration (国家航天局), and the China Manned Space Engineering Office (中国载人航天工程办公室) jointly released the "National Medium and Long-Term Development Plan for Space Science (2024-2050)," formulating a "three-step" strategic goal, clarifying the five major scientific themes and 17 priority development directions in which China is expected to make breakthroughs: "Extreme Universe" (极端宇宙), "Spacetime Ripples" (时空涟漪), "Sun-Earth Panorama" (日地全景), "Habitable Planets" (宜居行星), and "Space Material Science" (太空格物), and proposing to strengthen the development of basic capabilities, requiring reliance on major projects and strengthening basic and applied research through national key research and development plans and other channels. These five major scientific themes are far-reaching and magnificent, reflecting China's development direction in exploring the universe.
Exploring the universe is an important way for humans to understand the objective world, and it is also the birthplace of high technology and cutting-edge science, which helps to drive the development of many high-tech fields. Aerospace engineering is a powerful tool for carrying out astronomical research and exploring the universe. Its development has driven the development of a large number of high-tech fields such as giant rockets, microwave radar, radio guidance, synthetic materials, automatic control, vacuum technology, cryogenic technology, and semiconductor technology. In recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in the fields of astronomy and aerospace technology, which not only demonstrates China's scientific and technological strength but also greatly stimulates the public's enthusiasm for exploring the universe.
Exploring the universe is of great significance to the future development of mankind. It can not only help us discover new resources to support life and economic development but also is expected to expand human living space and cope with the threats of future Earth environment and climate change. Exploring the universe promotes extensive cooperation between countries, promotes the progress of science and technology, and reveals more mysteries of the universe, such as the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and black holes, and may even find new homes suitable for human habitation.
For a country, exploring the universe is a symbol of national strength and can enhance national competitiveness; for mankind, exploring the universe is not only an exploration of the unknown but also a reflection on the destiny of mankind itself. It makes us realize that in this vast and boundless universe, mankind is so small, yet so unique.
Exploring the universe is a long journey across time and space, and mankind's exploration of the unknown has never stopped. Deepening the understanding of life, the universe, and mankind itself is worthy of everyone's attention and participation. With the continuous progress of science and technology, the future exploration prospects will undoubtedly be broader and more desirable, and mankind will continue to write magnificent chapters on the journey to the stars.
(The author is an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) and a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院国家天文台).)
Return to TopBy: 张新民
The mainstream theory of modern cosmology suggests that the universe experienced an extremely brief but exceptionally rapid expansion phase in its very early stages—cosmic inflation. The scale of the universe expanded by a factor of a quintillion in a fraction of a trillionth of a second. This dramatic process not only laid the "seeds" for the formation of later cosmic structures such as galaxies and galaxy clusters but also stirred up ripples in spacetime—namely, primordial gravitational waves.
Gravitational waves are fluctuations in spacetime. In 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) collaboration announced the first detection of a gravitational wave event. This epoch-making discovery won the Nobel Prize in Physics and opened a new era of gravitational-wave astronomy for humanity. The dozens of gravitational wave detection events accumulated so far all originate from massive celestial bodies, such as the merging processes of black holes and neutron stars. Primordial gravitational waves are distinctly different; they originate from quantum fluctuations in spacetime 13.8 billion years ago and are called the "first cry of the universe in its infancy." To this day, these faint ripples still echo throughout the universe.
Primordial gravitational waves carry the core secrets of the universe's birth. Modern cosmology proposes several possible scenarios for the very early universe, such as: inflationary universe—the universe underwent an exponential ultra-fast expansion in a very short time after its birth; bouncing universe—the universe rebounded after experiencing a contraction; cyclic universe—the universe cycles repeatedly between expansion and contraction, and so on. Different theoretical models also make different predictions about the generation mechanism and intensity of primordial gravitational waves. Therefore, detecting the existence of primordial gravitational waves and measuring their intensity is like obtaining the key to unlocking the mysteries of the universe's birth. In addition, primordial gravitational waves are direct evidence that spacetime quantum fluctuations were amplified to observable scales by inflation. Detecting them would be the first time humans have detected the quantum effects of gravity, providing strong evidence for the existence of gravitons, which is related to the essence of spacetime.
Primordial gravitational waves have become extremely weak after 13.8 billion years of long time. Fortunately, people can look for clues of primordial gravitational waves through the afterglow of the Big Bang, namely the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB)—primordial B-mode polarization. This large-scale, vortex-like polarization pattern is like a "fingerprint" left by primordial gravitational waves on the "negative" of the CMB, and is one of the most direct evidence of its existence. Laser interferometers such as LIGO detect gravitational waves, like setting up a "spacetime video recorder" to record the arm length changes caused by gravitational waves in real time; while CMB polarization telescopes detect primordial gravitational waves, which is more like taking a "fossil photo" from the early universe.
The detection of primordial gravitational waves requires extremely harsh site environment conditions. Water vapor in the atmosphere will seriously interfere with the precise measurement of this weak polarization signal. It is generally believed that places where the median precipitable water vapor content during the observation season is less than 2 mm are relatively ideal sites. Looking around the world, only the South Pole, the Atacama Desert in Chile, Greenland, and the Ali (阿里) region of Tibet (西藏) in China meet these conditions. In winter, the temperature at the Ali (阿里) site will drop to minus 30 degrees Celsius, and the median precipitable water vapor content can reach below 1 mm during the observation season.
In April 2025, the Ali Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Telescope (AliCPT) experiment in China successfully achieved "first light" observation on the Tibetan (西藏) Ali (阿里) Plateau at an altitude of 5,250 meters. The currently deployed AliCPT-1 (阿里原初引力波探测实验一期), the first phase of the Ali (阿里) Primordial Gravitational Wave Detection Experiment, has the largest effective aperture and the largest number of detectors that can be carried among similar telescopes in the world. Currently, AliCPT-1 (阿里原初引力波探测实验一期) has entered the scientific observation stage. It will continue to scan in the next few years to search for the unique imprint of the primordial B-mode in the polarization signal of the CMB. The exploration of primordial gravitational waves will reveal the most original appearance of the universe to us, allowing us to "listen" to the echoes from 13.8 billion years ago.
(The author is a researcher at the Institute of High Energy Physics (中国科学院高能物理研究所) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) and the chief scientist of the Ali (阿里) Primordial Gravitational Wave Detection Experiment.)
Return to TopBy: 李嘉琪
How can lunar and planetary science research be conducted on Earth? One approach is to find the most representative "planetary analog environments" in specific regions on Earth and establish teaching and internship bases.
In June of this year, Peking University (北京大学), in conjunction with Zhejiang University (浙江大学), Harbin Institute of Technology (哈尔滨工业大学), Southern University of Science and Technology (南方科技大学), Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence (北京智源人工智能研究院), Longsoft Technology (龙软科技), Digital Greening (数字绿土), and other universities and research institutions, cooperated deeply with the Jingpo Lake Management Committee (镜泊湖管委会) in Mudanjiang City (牡丹江市), Heilongjiang Province (黑龙江省), to establish a "Lunar Underground Space Analog" teaching and internship base in the volcanic lava tubes of Jingpo Lake (镜泊湖), accumulating key technology reserves for deep space exploration.
Planetary science is an important scientific support for deep space exploration, and its level of development has a significant impact on international discourse power in deep space exploration. Against this background, Peking University (北京大学), in conjunction with several domestic universities, is promoting the reform and innovation of planetary science field practice teaching, introducing the perspective of "comparative planetology" into field internship courses.
The Moon, as Earth's natural satellite, has an extremely harsh surface environment, while the lunar underground space has both scientific research and strategic value due to its relatively stable environment. The volcanic lava tubes of Jingpo Lake (镜泊湖) are one of the geological structures on Earth that most closely resemble the lunar underground environment. The teaching and research work of this base has distinct scientific and engineering interdisciplinary characteristics, covering cutting-edge fields such as geological exploration, underground structure CT imaging, embodied intelligent inspection, and digital twins.
Thirty-nine undergraduate students from Peking University's (北京大学) School of Earth and Space Sciences, School of Computer Science, and College of Urban and Environmental Sciences conducted collaborative work in groups. They first deployed nodal seismographs independently developed by Peking University's (北京大学) innovation and entrepreneurship team, and used seismic wave CT imaging technology to construct a three-dimensional model of the lava tubes. Subsequently, they controlled a flexible multi-morphological robot independently developed by the team to go deep into the cave for laser point cloud scanning and imaging modeling.
In response to complex and rugged terrain conditions, the research team developed two prototype detection robots: one is the "Anteater" flexible arm robot, which adopts an innovative structural design combining a flexible robotic arm and a rigid mobile platform, focusing on autonomous exploration and multi-functional operation in complex environments; the other is the "Salamander" deformable soft wheel-foot robot, which is good at flexible movement and environmental exploration in complex terrain. We hope to use the "Lunar Lava Tube Analog Environment" to conduct on-site testing of the performance of the two prototypes, providing key support for the development of embodied intelligent technology in deep space exploration.
Peking University (北京大学) has also joined forces with Northwest University (西北大学), the University of Hong Kong (香港大学), and Central South University (中南大学) to establish a "Meteorite Crater Comparative Planetology" teaching and internship base in the meteorite crater in Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County (岫岩满族自治县), Anshan City (鞍山市), Liaoning Province (辽宁省). Meteorite craters are a common feature on the surface of solar system celestial bodies. In-depth research on meteorite craters within China can provide important Earth references for understanding the impact crater characteristics of other celestial bodies.
The construction of the "Planetary Analog Environment" series of teaching and internship bases not only provides a platform for planetary science teaching and research, but also takes a solid step towards in-situ utilization technologies for lunar surface resources such as "space mining," taking the "Earth version of the Lunar Palace" as an entry point. Next, the relevant team also plans to focus on tackling key problems such as lava tube detection and digital twin modeling, planetary resource exploration and development, and robot cluster autonomous collaborative simulation training, providing verification scenarios and technology reserves for manned lunar landing missions and the construction of international lunar research stations.
Overall, the construction of the "Planetary Analog Environment" series of teaching and internship bases is promising, as Academician Zhao Guochun (赵国春), Director of the Joint Center for Earth and Planetary Science of Northwest University (西北大学) and the University of Hong Kong (香港大学), said, "This will become an innovative experimental field for planetary science research, helping China's research in the fields of lunar and other planetary sciences, and inspiring more people's interest and love for space exploration."
(The author is a researcher at the School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University (北京大学))
Return to TopThis newspaper reports from Beijing (Beijing 北京) (Liu Shiyao (刘诗瑶), Zhan Kang (占康)) Not long ago, the Shenzhou-20 (神舟二十号) crew successfully completed their third extravehicular activity (EVA). A reporter learned from the China Astronaut Research and Training Center (中国航天员科研训练中心) that in this mission, the space station extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) B worn by Chen Dong (陈冬) has cumulatively supported 20 EVA missions, becoming China's (中国) first EMU to achieve the "4 years, 20 times" life extension target. The equipment has been used by 11 astronauts in 8 manned flight missions. After dynamic and precise evaluation, its condition is stable and good, providing solid support for improving the quality and efficiency of space suit engineering applications and for the normalized EVA missions of the space station.
As the core equipment to ensure the safety and efficiency of astronauts in carrying out EVA activities, the function and performance of the space station EMU have been comprehensively and greatly improved. Compared with China's (中国) first-generation EMU, it has broken through key technologies such as long life, high safety and reliability, and efficient operation support, which strongly guarantees China's (中国) EVA missions during the construction and operation phases of the space station.
The space station EMU has become the first flight product to carry out on-orbit life assessment and extended use. As of the beginning of 2024, the EMU flying in orbit has approached the limit of the 3-year, 15-time life design index. In order to accurately assess the remaining life of the EMU, the team formulated a scientific and reasonable life assessment and health monitoring plan and on-orbit testing methods. Through in-depth mining of on-orbit and ground test data, and carrying out a large number of material-level and product-level verification tests, the dynamic and precise evaluation of the on-orbit health and life extension of the EMU was realized, making the EMU the first flight product to carry out on-orbit life assessment and extended use, ensuring the safe and reliable extended use of the EMU in orbit.
Two new EMUs D and E, which were sent to space with the Tianzhou-9 (天舟九号) cargo spacecraft, have completed unpacking and inspection and are in good condition. They will be gradually put into use in future EVA missions.
Return to TopAccording to Xinhua News Agency, Los Angeles, American researchers have developed a new anti-cancer therapy: allowing bacteria and viruses to form a "squad" to attack the inside of tumors together, and carry out precise strikes against cancer cells. This method provides new ideas for safe and precise cancer treatment.
Researchers from Columbia University and other institutions in the United States recently published a paper in the journal *Nature Biomedical Engineering* saying that they chose bacteria that can target tumors as carriers to hide viruses that can lyse cancer cells inside. This "Trojan horse" system can directly deliver anti-cancer viruses to the inside of the tumor, helping it spread and destroy cancer cells.
In terms of specific design, the researchers chose Salmonella typhimurium. These bacteria can naturally migrate to the hypoxic and nutrient-rich environment inside the tumor, precisely targeting the tumor. After arriving at the tumor, the bacteria will invade cancer cells and release viruses, allowing the viruses to evade immune system attacks and successfully enter the tumor.
The researchers also specifically set up a safety mechanism to ensure that the anti-cancer virus does not spread outside the tumor. Through clever design at the molecular level, they made the virus only dependent on specific molecules within the bacteria to spread, thereby "locking" the virus around the bacteria. Even if the virus escapes the tumor, it cannot spread in healthy tissues.
Return to TopLayout Design: Zhang Danfeng (张丹峰)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 闫伊乔 黄 超
University museums are non-profit public organizations established by universities using cultural properties such as collected cultural relics, specimens, and materials for the purposes of education, research, and appreciation, and are committed to serving the development of higher education and social culture. In recent years, some museums "hidden" on university campuses have entered the public eye and become popular destinations during holidays.
Relying on academic resources, university museums play a unique role in providing professional public cultural services and have gradually become the "second classroom" on campus.
——Editor
Digging into Red Resources, Integrating into the "Grand Ideological and Political Course"
Reviewing the Glorious Years in Old Objects
"The train started, bidding farewell to their hometown. Holding this pink train ticket printed with the words 'March towards science and build the Great Northwest' (向科学进军，建设大西北), they boarded the train from Xujiahui (徐家汇), Shanghai (上海), to the ancient city of Xi'an (西安) without hesitation, embarking on the westward relocation..." At the Jiaotong University Westward Relocation Museum (交大西迁博物馆) on the Xingqing campus (兴庆校区) of Xi'an Jiaotong University (西安交通大学), visitors followed the narration of the docent Xu Zhenghong (徐正红), reviewing that glorious period from old photos and old objects.
In 1956, thousands of teachers and students of Jiaotong University (交通大学) responded to the call of the state, "set off with their bags," and brought advanced educational concepts and outstanding talents to the western part of the motherland.
Xu Zhenghong (徐正红) grew up listening to the stories of the westward relocation from her father, uncle, and aunt. She studied and worked at Xi'an Jiaotong University (西安交通大学), and now she has joined the faculty and staff docent team.
"The campus was still a construction site in the early days of the westward relocation, and it was muddy when it rained. My uncle fell before class, washed the mud off his hands but entered the classroom with a dirty face, and the students laughed." "The two professors in this photo were my father's colleagues. They look serious in the photo, but they were all artistic youths who could sing and dance in private!" Xu Zhenghong (徐正红) combines the more than 2,000 exhibits in the exhibition hall with the memories of her father, uncle, and other older generations of westward relocation pioneers and various historical materials to recreate the vivid scenes of more than 60 years ago for visitors.
As one of the first national "Grand Ideological and Political Course" (大思政课) practice and teaching bases, the Jiaotong University Westward Relocation Museum (交大西迁博物馆) actively explores resources inside and outside the university, integrating the history of westward relocation into the construction of the "Grand Ideological and Political Course" (大思政课): through multiple channels such as "inside + outside the university" and "online + offline," it has held more than 30 westward relocation-themed exhibitions, allowing the audience to experience a three-dimensional and multi-dimensional westward relocation story.
The Renmin University of China Family Letters Museum (中国人民大学家书博物馆) houses 13 letters from Chen Duxiu (陈独秀) and others. These letters involve events such as the independent publication of "New Youth" (《新青年》) and are valuable historical materials. At the Northeast Martyrs Memorial Hall Branch (东北烈士纪念馆分馆) of Harbin Huade University (哈尔滨华德学院), teachers from the Marxism College (马克思主义学院) of Harbin Huade University (哈尔滨华德学院) often tell the story of the "Eight Heroines Throwing Themselves into the River" ("八女投江") to teachers and students who come to visit. In recent years, many universities have opened museums and memorial halls relying on historical relics, buildings, and other red resources, using red culture to guide students to carry forward the national spirit and strengthen their ideals and beliefs.
Relying on Scientific Research Advantages, Exploring the Origin of Chinese Civilization
Appreciating Cultural Charm in Front of Ancient Remains
On the banks of the Jinjiang River (锦江), between the Jiuyan Bridge (九眼桥) and the Wangjiang Tower (望江楼), the new building of the Sichuan University Museum (四川大学博物馆) stands along the river, with glass curtain walls and cyan-gray roof ridges. After more than 3 years of renovation and expansion, the museum reopened in the summer of 2023.
Leaning over the painting table, with her nose almost touching the yellowed silk, Lu Suwen (卢素文), associate research librarian of the Collection Department, is restoring an ancient painting. Lu Suwen (卢素文) graduated from Sichuan University (川大) in 2014 and has been working in the school museum ever since, witnessing the museum's development and changes.
The museum originated from the Museum of Antiquities of West China Union University (华西协合大学古物博物馆), which was planned to be built in 1914. It now has more than 80,000 historical and cultural relics, and its collections of calligraphy and painting, ceramics, and art sculptures are the most distinctive.
As a university museum, the Sichuan University Museum (四川大学博物馆) relies on the university's scientific research advantages to conduct in-depth research on cultural relics and remains, which started simultaneously with Sichuan's archaeological and ethnological research. "Teachers and students majoring in archeology at the school have participated in various archaeological excavations and cultural relic protection projects over the years, providing basic support for exhibitions," said Lu Suwen (卢素文). For example, the Sanxingdui Ruins (三星堆遗址) in Guanghan (广汉), Sichuan (四川) have a history of nearly a century with Sichuan University (川大).
In 1934, the Museum of West China Union University (华西协合大学博物馆) officially launched the scientific excavation of the Sanxingdui Yue亮湾 Ruins (三星堆月亮湾遗址) and was presented with a batch of cultural relics. Today, excavation diaries, stratigraphic maps, and artifact maps that record the artifacts unearthed every day are stored in the museum. The exhibition hall restores the exploration trench scene at that time and sets up dynamic projections, allowing visitors to return to the excavation site in person.
"University museums often have strong professionalism and academic nature. They carefully select exhibits from the perspective of scholars and disciplines, and combine modern technology to build a comprehensive exhibition system that is visible, audible, smellable, and touchable, striving to enhance the audience's, especially young students', interest in Chinese civilization and Chinese culture," said Wang Dongsheng (汪东升), curator of the Sichuan University Museum (四川大学博物馆).
In recent years, many university museums have taken cultural inheritance as their theme, becoming traditional culture classrooms around college students, and attracting more and more people to visit museums and appreciate cultural charm.
The "Prosperous Era of Compilation - 'Chinese Painting Art Grand Compendium' Achievement Exhibition · Yuan Painting Special Exhibition" (盛世修典——‘中国历代绘画大系’成果展·元画专题展) hosted by Zhejiang University (浙江大学) was held at the Art and Archaeology Museum of Zhejiang University (浙江大学艺术与考古博物馆), presenting a wonderful art feast for the audience. More than 200 pieces (sets) of painting treasures and handed-down documents systematically present the rich dimensions of Yuan Dynasty painting. Visitors are in it, as if stepping into a dialogue of pen and ink across time and space.
Li ethnic group's geometric pattern costumes, Hezhe ethnic group's fish skin clothing... The Museum of Ethnology of the Central University for Nationalities (中央民族大学民族博物馆) has a rich collection of cultural relics from various ethnic groups in China. "Without going to all parts of the country, you can see the essence of various ethnic cultures, which is a kind of luck for professional learning." A student majoring in ethnology said that the words in the textbook are confirmed by the real objects, "making abstract cultural concepts concrete and perceptible."
Compared with social public museums, university museums can absorb the latest research results of scientific researchers and feed back to exhibitions and social education activities. The timeliness of the dissemination of humanistic knowledge is more prominent. "Based on the diverse and comprehensive sources of collections, university museums often have professional and systematic characteristics, and are ideal classrooms for young people to visit, study, and inspire innovative thinking," said Wang Dongsheng (汪东升).
Broadening Knowledge Boundaries, Assisting Professional Learning
Recording the Course of Struggle in New Breakthroughs
In Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (北京航空航天大学), there is a building like a palace, which is the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Museum (北京航空航天博物馆). "It is indeed a palace - a knowledge palace that records the genetic code of the new China's dream of space." Han Guojun (韩国军), chief expert of the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Museum (北京航空航天博物馆) and former executive deputy curator, said proudly.
The predecessor of the museum was the Beijing Aviation Museum (北京航空馆), which was rebuilt from the aircraft display room and hangar of the aircraft design teaching and research section. The 8,300-square-meter exhibition hall draws a cosmic epic of China's aerospace industry through four theme exhibition areas: "Chasing Dreams in the Sky" (长空逐梦), "Silver Eagles Patrol the Sky" (银鹰巡空), "Aerospace Corridor" (空天走廊), and "Shenzhou Asks the Sky" (神舟问天). "I have spent most of my life here." Han Guojun (韩国军) stroked the exhibition stand, his fingertips sliding over the text and pictures displayed on it.
Walking into the exhibition hall, a fiery red painted aircraft firmly occupies the "C position" of the exhibition hall. The bright red "Beijing-1" (北京—1) on the fuselage tells visitors its identity - one of the treasures of the museum, the "Beijing No. 1" (北京一号) light passenger aircraft.
Han Guojun (韩国军) said, "In 1958, more than 1,400 teachers and students of Beihang (北航) struggled for more than 100 days and nights to make 'Beijing No. 1' (北京一号) soar into the blue sky from a design drawing."
If "Beijing No. 1" (北京一号) forged the spirit of Beihang people (北航人) of "serving the country through aerospace, not fearing dangers, and daring to be the first" (空天报国、不畏艰险、敢为人先), then the "Feng Ru No. 3" (冯如三号) next to it is a witness to the inheritance of the Beihang spirit (北航精神).
In 2019, a group of freshmen with an average age of less than 20 designed and produced this long-endurance drone - "Feng Ru No. 3" (冯如三号), which can fly continuously in the sky for 100 hours, breaking the world record at that time. "Many students mentioned the impact of the story of 'Feng Ru No. 3' (冯如三号) after visiting." Han Guojun (韩国军) said that these important exhibits can inspire young people's sense of responsibility and responsibility.
Turning around, an introduction to aerospace course is in progress. "What do you see from the J-10? What are its technical characteristics?" Luo Mingqiang (罗明强), deputy dean of the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院), and his students gathered next to the J-10A fighter jet. The students held notebooks and carefully recorded every detail they observed.
In addition to the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Museum (北京航空航天博物馆), there are many other distinctive professional museums in universities in China. In the Electronic Science and Technology Museum (电子科技博物馆) of the Qingshuihe campus (清水河校区) of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (电子科技大学), 15,000 collections systematically present the development context of China's electronic science and technology. Among them, the Menglan 12-inch notebook computer (梦兰12英寸笔记本电脑) loaded with the "China Chip" (中国芯) is particularly eye-catching. Zhao Ke (赵轲), curator of the Electronic Science and Technology Museum (电子科技博物馆), introduced, "It is equipped with the Loongson CPU (龙芯CPU) independently developed by China, which is an important symbol of the breakthrough in China's chip technology."
"Different from social museums, university museums are not only places to experience the depth of history and broaden the boundaries of knowledge, but also auxiliary classrooms for professional learning. The exhibition must be scientific, knowledgeable, and interesting, and also meet the requirements of teaching and research and the curiosity of the public, especially young people," said Zhao Ke (赵轲).
(Qiu Zirui (邱子睿) participated in the writing)
Return to TopHow to Enjoy Frozen Treats in a Healthier Way?
By Chen Yongfu (陈永福)
It's the height of summer, and popsicles, ice cream bars, and ice cream have become many people's "magic weapons" for beating the heat. However, while enjoying this coolness, it is also necessary to choose carefully and consume in moderation to avoid adverse effects on the body. What are the differences between different types of frozen treats? How to choose and consume them scientifically?
According to national standards, all kinds of frozen treats that consumers see in supermarket freezers belong to frozen drinks, including ice cream, ice cream bars, and popsicles. Different types of frozen drinks need to meet different indicator requirements, and the key indicators are the content of protein and fat. For example, ice cream must have a protein content of no less than 2.2% and a fat content of no less than 5%; ice cream bars must have a protein content of no less than 0.4% and a fat content of no less than 1%; and popsicles have even lower requirements for these indicators. Therefore, from a nutritional point of view alone, ice cream and ice cream bars are better than popsicles.
At present, the frozen drinks on the market are colorful, and many consumers may have concerns about the food additives in them when purchasing. In fact, national standards have strict regulations on the use of food additives, and as long as they meet the regulations, they can be consumed with confidence. If you want to pursue better health, consumers can choose products with added natural pigments, such as carotene or curcumin, which are natural pigments extracted from plants.
When buying frozen drinks, what we need to focus on is the trans fatty acid content. Consumers can pay attention to whether the ingredient list contains artificial cream, cocoa butter substitutes, or non-dairy creamer. If so, it means that hydrogenated vegetable oil has been added. If vegetable oil is not completely hydrogenated, it will produce trans fatty acids. Generally, cis fatty acids have a shorter metabolism time, while trans fatty acids have a much longer metabolism time.
In addition, when purchasing frozen drinks, you should also pay attention to the storage conditions of the goods. The temperature of the frozen drink low-temperature display cabinet should be lower than minus 15 degrees Celsius, otherwise there is a risk of a large number of microorganisms multiplying. When purchasing frozen drinks, first check whether the product packaging is intact and whether there is any damage or air leakage. Do not buy frozen drinks that have been repeatedly thawed and frozen. The most direct manifestations of this are damaged or cracked packaging, deformed contents, and even the phenomenon that the filling that should be inside flows out to the outer layer.
(The author is the Dean of the School of Food Science and Engineering of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (内蒙古农业大学), and this article was compiled by Zhao Jingfeng (赵景锋), a reporter from this newspaper.)
What to Do When Encountering Snakes?
By Yang Wenming (杨文明) and Zhou Qian (周倩)
During the summer, snakes are frequently active. How to avoid being bitten by a snake? What to do if bitten by a snake? The reporter recently interviewed relevant experts.
I. Do a Good Job of Prevention
When traveling in the wild, take protective measures. Ge Li (葛利), Chief Physician of the Emergency Internal Medicine Department of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (云南省第一人民医院), said that when traveling in the wild or engaging in agricultural activities, wear clothes that cover the body and wear gloves to avoid excessive exposure of limbs.
When encountering a snake, keep your distance. "People are afraid of snakes, and snakes are also afraid of people." Ge Li (葛利) said that when encountering a snake, do not suddenly make large movements such as running or jumping to avoid the snake attacking humans out of excitement. "Try to keep a certain distance from the snake and let it leave on its own; if the snake is trapped indoors or in densely populated residential areas, it is recommended to call the police for help instead of handling it yourself."
II. Avoid the Spread of Snake Venom
Ge Li (葛利) reminded that after being bitten by a snake, it is necessary to avoid the spread of snake venom. The larger the spread of snake venom, especially if it spreads to the internal organs, the more difficult it will be to treat.
Before going to the hospital for treatment, you can rinse the wound with clean water in time to reduce snake venom residue. It is not recommended to suck the wound with your mouth to expel venom and blood.
Individuals should not easily cut open the wound to drain the venom to avoid unnecessary artificial trauma and wound infection.
Patients can use a wider band to tie the wound near the heart to slow down the rate at which the venom enters the body. The band should not be tied too tightly to prevent ischemic necrosis of tissues near the wound.
The injured person should not exercise vigorously or drink alcohol, nor should they apply heat, to avoid accelerating blood flow and making the spread of snake venom faster.
III. Seek Medical Treatment in Time
Once bitten, seek medical treatment in time. Ge Li (葛利) pointed out that because antivenom serum has high storage requirements and unstable dosage, not all hospitals are equipped with antivenom serum. Before seeking medical treatment, consult the hospital in advance to avoid delaying treatment time.
Remember the characteristics and identify the type. Ge Li (葛利) introduced that snake venom can be divided into four categories: neurotoxin, hemotoxin, tissue cytotoxin, and complex toxin. Different toxins cause different symptoms, and the corresponding treatment methods and serums are also different. "It is best to take a photo of the snake to facilitate the doctor's identification; if there is no time to take a photo, try to remember the shape of the snake's head, the pattern of the snake's body, and the size of the snake's body."
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 张 驰
Tasting Yunnan, one cannot miss the great delicacy that is wild mushrooms. Wild mushrooms are called "junzi (菌子)" in Yunnan. "Once the rainy season arrives, all kinds of mushrooms emerge, and the air is filled with the scent of mushrooms." This is the taste that Wang Zengqi (汪曾祺) still fondly remembers 40 years after leaving Kunming (昆明).
Yunnan people are particular about what kinds of mushrooms they eat. The simplest understanding is "the more beautiful the mushroom, the more poisonous it is; do not eat mushrooms you do not recognize." The most popular are boletus, termite mushrooms, and matsutake mushrooms. The internet-famous "Jian Shou Qing (见手青)" is a type of boletus. The Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (楚雄彝族自治州) is exploring a "contracting mountains for mushroom picking" system, contracting the collective forest wild mushroom picking rights to people with the ability to pick and protect mushrooms for unified management, picking, and sales, protecting the sustainable development of wild mushroom resources. Wild mushroom farmhouses have become a channel for villagers to steadily increase their income.
In Shuicheng Village (水城村), Chadian Town (插甸镇), Wuding County (武定县), because of the abundant water sources nearby, every rainy season, mushrooms pop out in droves, but they grow away from people. Some grow under a thick layer of pine needles, and some are hidden in the depressions of low-lying areas. During the mushroom season, many tourists bring the mushrooms they pick to the farmhouses in the village for processing. Zhu Guangneng (朱光能), the owner of "Zhu Family Courtyard (朱家小院)," said that at the peak, he can receive 200 to 300 tourists per month. "We will help tourists pick out the edible mushrooms and then make them into delicious dishes." In Shuicheng Village, the 11 farmhouses have a total income of about 800,000 yuan during the wild mushroom season.
Different mushrooms have different shapes and tastes. To "achieve" mushrooms in food, you must find the most suitable method and the best partner.
Stir-frying and braising are chosen by Yunnan people "voting with their chopsticks." Whether it is on the dining table at home, a roadside stall, or a high-end restaurant, stir-fried mushrooms are common. However, different types of mushrooms are cooked differently. For example, termite mushrooms are stir-fried with green peppers as an auxiliary ingredient and little oil. The soup is milky white, the mushroom meat is delicate, and the taste is fresh, and then it is captured by the sweetness; boletus needs to be sliced, with garlic and scallions, and stir-fried with cooking oil and chili peppers. The mushroom slices are golden, the color is attractive, and the oil stimulates the mushroom aroma and garlic aroma, which is rich and penetrates the lungs.
The dark brown dried boletus looks ugly and inconspicuous, and from a distance it looks like a wrinkled rock. It is also troublesome to eat: the folds of the dried boletus contain a lot of soil, sand, and pine needles, so you have to break it open little by little and pick out the mushroom meat. Although it looks strange, the dried boletus, stir-fried with oil, green peppers, and alternating layers of lean and fatty pork, is very fragrant. Locals like to use it to stir-fry rice or mix with rice.
Mushroom hot pot is a "luxury" way to eat. The freshly boiled local chicken soup in the pot is golden and clear. 8 to 10 kinds of mushrooms are plated and put into the pot one by one and boiled over high heat. If "Jian Shou Qing (见手青)" is added, it needs to be cooked for enough time. If the time is not up, the restaurant will not give chopsticks, and everyone can only watch eagerly. When the time comes, it is a happy moment for diners. First, have a bowl of fresh chicken soup, and then start eating: "Jian Shou Qing (见手青)" is thick, delicious boletus is smooth, bamboo fungus is crisp when bitten... When the ingredients are fresh enough, simple cooking can make excellent delicacies.
If you don't have time to go into the mountains and forests, then go to the largest wild mushroom trading market. In recent years, "wet market tours" have become a new hot spot for tourism. During the rainy season, the Yunnan Mushuihua Wild Mushroom Trading Center (云南木水花野生菌交易中心) in Kunming (昆明市) is often "named" and recorded by young tourists. Every day at three or four in the afternoon, as soon as the vans pulling mushrooms arrive at the market, they are surrounded by a large group of people. The moment the trunk is opened, experienced mushroom buyers aim, stretch their arms, grab the small basket containing the mushrooms, and shout: "I want this basket!"
The delicious wild mushrooms are mouth-watering, and the integrated development of technological innovation and industrial innovation helps the wild mushroom industry continue to grow. At the Kunming Edible Mushroom Research Institute (昆明食用菌研究所) of the All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives (中华全国供销合作总社), the newly grown artificially cultivated "Jian Shou Qing (见手青)" mushroom caps are the size of a palm, very plump and tender.
"To achieve ‘见手青自由’ (jiàn shǒu qīng zì yóu - "Jian Shou Qing freedom," to be able to eat Jian Shou Qing freely and without restraint), and carry out artificial cultivation of wild mushrooms, the difficulty lies in how to find suitable varieties." Liu Qimeng (刘祈猛), assistant researcher at the Germplasm and Resource Research Center of the Kunming Edible Mushroom Research Institute, introduced that the team found a wild boletus in Hainan (海南) and, after years of research, finally cultivated a new artificially cultivated "Jian Shou Qing (见手青)" variety. At present, there are more than 100 companies communicating with the Kunming Edible Mushroom Research Institute about cultivation intentions, and 4 companies have reached cooperation and have already carried out cultivation.
Wild mushrooms not only enrich the dining tables of Yunnan people, but also become a mountain delicacy that tourists from all over the country are vying to taste. During the mushroom season, sit around a table with family and friends, steaming hot and full of laughter. The oral memory of the freshness and fragrance of mushrooms eventually turns into warm life memories. Every bite of mushroom is a gratitude to nature, a love for life, and a cherishing of simple happiness.
Return to TopLayout Design Zhang Danfeng (张丹峰)
Return to TopBy: 夏格旺堆
After generations of unremitting efforts by archaeologists, we have discovered more than 5,000 immovable cultural relics and hundreds of prehistoric stone tool collection sites on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Nearly 20 prehistoric sites have been scientifically excavated, providing rich cultural heritage resources for understanding the plateau's human survival skills, cultural development, historical evolution, and socio-economic aspects.
We have made breakthrough understandings of the chronological range of the prehistoric era on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Melong Tagpu site (梅龙达普遗址) in Ngari (阿里), western Tibet, is the highest altitude super-large prehistoric cave site in the world, with more than 10,000 cultural relics of various types from the Paleolithic to the early Metal Age unearthed. The Shangga Gang site (尚嘎岗遗址) in Doilungdêqên (堆龙), central Tibet, contains technological remains from the Middle and Late Paleolithic periods, providing important archaeological evidence for analyzing the process and survival strategies of early humans exploring and adapting to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Ni’ate site (尼阿底遗址) in Shantsa (申扎), northern Tibet, is a large-scale open-air stone tool site, with optically stimulated luminescence dating showing it to be 40,000 to 30,000 years ago. The discovery of these sites outlines the life picture of the earliest people in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 100,000 to 10,000 years ago.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in the mid-southern part of the Eurasian continent and has historically been at the "crossroads" of East Asian, South Asian, and Central Asian civilizations. Tibet (西藏) is the main part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It has never been an "isolated island." More and more prehistoric remains are being discovered, almost all over Tibet's geographical units with different altitudes and different ecological environments. Many sites have yielded products from outside the plateau, such as millet, broomcorn millet, talc beads, bronzes, carnelian, and faience beads, proving that there was a wide and smooth circulation network on the plateau in prehistoric times, greatly expanding and extending the temporal and spatial scale of "prehistoric globalization."
More and more archaeological evidence and scientific analysis show that the source of the population on the plateau is not singular. In different historical development stages, groups of people ascended the plateau "batch by batch," and the composition of the population is diverse. Tibetan literature records that the origin of the Tibetan ethnic group was formed by the "Four Major Clans" or "Six Major Clans," which also emphasizes the diversity of the ethnic origin. In the process of continuous population "convergence," the population from the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the main contributor to the formation of the "main population of the plateau."
The vast majority of people believe that it is difficult for humans to live on the high-altitude and oxygen-deficient plateau, and even call it a "**不毛之地**" (bù máo zhī dì - "barren land," a desolate and unproductive place). The limitation of this understanding is, on the one hand, because a large number of Tibetan documents record the history since the creation of Tibetan script in the 7th century Tubo Dynasty (吐蕃王朝), and on the other hand, because we have not found more prehistoric sites before. Nowadays, when humans ascended the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, when they began to permanently settle on the plateau, how they developed a prehistoric livelihood economy adapted to the plateau, and what the unique plateau civilization and its social operation mechanism are, these questions are being gradually answered by multidisciplinary research led by archaeology.
Archaeological evidence shows that 100,000 to 10,000 years ago, the plateau hunting and gathering population of the Late Paleolithic period in Tibet had close links with the surrounding populations. From 10,000 to 5,000 years ago, hunting and gathering populations mastering microlithic technology were widely distributed in various regions of the plateau and began to use the earliest ground stone tools. The archaeological discoveries at the Ma'nying Co site (玛不错遗址) and the Lapo site (拉颇遗址) in the Neolithic Age show the cultural inheritance and exchange between the prehistoric population in the high-altitude area of the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the surrounding areas.
From 5,000 to 3,000 years ago, people relying on mature millet cultivation, millet-wheat mixed farming, fishing and hunting, and animal husbandry began to permanently settle in the major river valleys of the plateau. The earliest villages on the plateau appeared, and the dawn of civilization had arrived. From 3,000 to 1,400 years ago, wheat cultivation and animal husbandry dominated by cattle and sheep became the main livelihood economy on the plateau. Archaeological culture became more diversified, the social organizational structure became complex, and substantive political power began to sprout.
1,400 years ago, a unified Tubo regime appeared on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A large number of glazed brick and tile building materials, as well as pottery, clay sculptures, stone column bases, ironware, and other relics were unearthed from the Wenjiangduo site (温江多遗址) during the Tubo period, indicating that the material and cultural exchanges between the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Central Plains Tang Dynasty (中原唐王朝) and surrounding areas were close during this period, providing important data for studying the multi-ethnic exchanges, communication, and integration on the South Asian corridor of the "Silk Road" since the 7th century AD.
Since 2018, 8-10 important archaeological projects in Tibet have been included in the "Archaeological China" major research project supported by the National Cultural Heritage Administration (国家文物局) every year. Major discoveries have been made in topics such as "Archaeological Regional System and Types of the Neolithic Age in Tibet" and "Archaeological Investigation and Research on Tubo Remains." These new discoveries and research have constructed the evolutionary context of Tibetan archaeological culture and the spatio-temporal framework of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau archaeological culture, providing key materials for demonstrating the pluralistic and integrated pattern of Chinese civilization and the historical process of exchanges, communication, and integration of the Chinese nation, which is of great significance for promoting ethnic unity and promoting the coordinated development of border culture protection and economic society.
(The author is the Deputy Director of the Cultural Relics Protection Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region (西藏自治区文物保护研究所))
Return to TopBy: 寸 宇
In the donation hall of the Western Yunnan Anti-Japanese War Memorial Hall, an old-fashioned radio sits quietly on display. Its casing is mottled, and the knobs have long lost their luster, yet it carries a patriotic memory that spans mountains and seas. More than 80 years ago, when the sounds of gunfire from the eastern coast traveled across thousands of miles, and when the suffering of the occupied areas was transmitted through radio waves, the overseas Chinese in Heshun Town (和顺镇), Tengchong City (腾冲市), Yunnan Province (云南省), used a radio and a stack of mimeographed newspapers to build a spiritual bridge connecting the entire country in the fight against the Japanese in this remote border town on the Sino-Myanmar border.
Why could such an anti-Japanese newspaper be born in a small town in western Yunnan?
Heshun Ancient Town (和顺古镇), about 4 kilometers from downtown Tengchong (腾冲), has been an important hub on the Silk Road since ancient times. Tens of thousands of overseas Chinese live in Myanmar, Thailand, and other places, deeply aware of the importance of information accessibility and cherishing an inseparable love for their country. In 1934, Yin Dadian (尹大典), a young man from Heshun (和顺) who made a living in Myanmar, embarked on his return journey, carrying with him a radio he had personally assembled. This machine, with its wooden casing and weighing more than ten pounds, was considered a "rare item" in an era of information isolation. When Yin Dadian (尹大典) solemnly donated it to the Heshun Library (和顺图书馆), he probably never imagined that this machine would become the "clairaudient ear" of the border town.
In order to allow more people to understand the critical situation in a timely manner, every night, Yin Dadian (尹大典) joined forces with Li Peichun (李沛春), Li Qiunong (李秋农), and other like-minded young people from his hometown to sit around the machine, listening intently to domestic and foreign broadcasts. They recorded the news, engraved it on wax paper, and printed it with a mimeograph machine, compiling it into the *Heshun Library Radio Tri-Weekly* (《和顺图书馆无线电三日刊》) to promote the idea of resisting Japan and saving the country to all sectors of society.
This small newspaper initially came out every three days, with only one page (edition) per issue. The newspaper was sent to county government offices, businesses, and schools, and even people in neighboring Longling (龙陵), Luxi (潞西), and Lianghe (梁河) counties wrote to request it. In 1937, when the War of Resistance Against Japan fully broke out, the public's desire for news from the front lines became even more urgent. The Heshun Library (和顺图书馆) immediately decided to change the "Tri-Weekly" to a "Daily," expanding the length to 2-3 pages, with more detailed content and faster timeliness.
At that time in Heshun (和顺), as soon as handwritten news summaries were posted at the entrances of ancestral halls and under the eaves of markets, villagers would gather around, listening to people read and discussing it with others. The stories of the front lines of the war thus entered ordinary people's homes, allowing the people of the border town to see the urgency of the nation's peril and also stirring up their patriotic fervor to resist Japan and save the country.
In 1944, when Tengchong (腾冲) was liberated, the "radio station" of the Heshun Library (和顺图书馆) took the lead in sending out the good news of victory, its voice resounding in all directions.
From the *Heshun Library Radio Tri-Weekly* (《和顺图书馆无线电三日刊》) to the *Daily News* (《每日要讯》), which was renamed after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, this beam of radio waves penetrated more than a decade of war. At its peak, 1,400 to 1,500 copies were printed per issue. Although the paper was thin, it became a bond that united people's hearts.
Shortly after the July 7th Incident, Li Shengzhuang (李生庄) (brother of Ai Siqi (艾思奇)), the second curator of the Heshun Library (和顺图书馆), stepped forward and raised another banner in Tengchong County (腾冲县城): the *Tengyue Daily* (《腾越日报》). As the president and editor-in-chief, Li Shengzhuang (李生庄) led a group of young people, rushing around for interviews and editing during the day and working late into the night to typeset. The newspaper's content was rich: it included signed articles by local youths analyzing the war situation and calling for unity to save the country, reprinted current affairs commentaries, and local editorials, with the 天下兴亡，匹夫有责 (tiān xià xīng wáng, pǐ fū yǒu zé - "the rise and fall of the nation is everyone's responsibility," everyone has a responsibility for their country) spirit surging between the lines. The *Tengyue Daily* (《腾越日报》) broke through the information blockade and became an important channel for the people of Tengchong (腾冲) to understand current affairs during the Anti-Japanese War.
Heshun (和顺) is open-minded and inclusive because of its overseas Chinese culture, and it values affection and righteousness because of its immersion in Han culture. A small town of more than 7,000 people can establish a private library, and young people can raise funds and print news themselves, which shows the depth of their cultural literacy and patriotic feelings. A radio and a stack of mimeographed newspapers witnessed the vision of Heshun (和顺) overseas Chinese to "go out" and see the world and the responsibility to "come back" and serve their country. No matter where they are, the hearts of Chinese sons and daughters are always closely connected with their motherland.
(The author is the curator of the Heshun Library (和顺图书馆), compiled by Yang Wenming (杨文明), a reporter from this newspaper)
Return to TopBy: 李永辉
Every tourist who has visited the four major grottoes will be awestruck by the solemn and magnificent statues.
The preservation of grotto temple cultural relics is a race against time. At the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟) in Shanxi (山西) Province, the continuous weathering of the surface material alone causes about 3 kilograms of the surface layer to fall off from a single cave each year. How can we "retain" those exquisite cultural relics and slow down their natural rate of decay?
Fluctuations in the environment can lead to changes in the temperature, moisture content, and salinity of grotto temples, which in turn can cause a series of problems such as scaling, hollowness, cracking, powdering, microbial reproduction, salt weathering, and alkali efflorescence on the surface of the cultural relics. However, grotto temples are often in semi-open environments and are massive in size, making it impossible for them to "live" in sealed rooms with constant temperature and humidity like cultural relics in museums. How can we control the periodic fluctuations of the environment?
In fact, there is no need for precise environmental control. As long as the range of change is controlled to ensure that it does not exceed the damage threshold, preventive protection can be achieved. By studying the physical properties of materials such as the cliff faces of grotto temples and their response to environmental fluctuations, our team has established a prediction model for the deterioration process of cultural relics. Taking Cave 98 of the Mogao Grottoes (莫高窟) as an example, the model compared and analyzed the temperature and humidity fluctuations of the murals under three conditions: completely closed, open without tourists, and open with tourists. The evaluation concluded that there is a short-term risk of salt weathering in the cave in June and July, and that appropriately opening the cave when the relative humidity inside is higher than 70% can help reduce this risk.
Environmental control of grotto temples has made significant progress in several heritage sites.
At the Mogao Grottoes (莫高窟), the Dunhuang Research Academy (敦煌研究院) has constructed a multi-dimensional environmental regulation system, including building protective forest belts to reduce sandstorms and controlling the number of tourists in the caves based on carbon dioxide concentration indicators.
The Yuangjue Cave (圆觉洞) of the Dazu Rock Carvings (大足石刻) in Chongqing (重庆) was once "plagued by many diseases." After two years of prediction and evaluation, we proposed a systematic environmental regulation plan: setting up two buffer spaces at the entrance and corridor, using double-layer curtain walls with airtight automatic doors, and built-in temperature and humidity control devices. By regulating the opening and closing of the doors and the temperature and humidity equipment, the plan alleviates the drastic fluctuations in the cave environment and reduces the risk of surface condensation and alkali efflorescence on the statues from the root cause.
Cave 3 of the Maijishan Grottoes (麦积山石窟) is an open cave, and the surface peeling rate of the colored sculptures in the lower layer is more than 30% higher than that of the upper layer. After research, we found that this difference is mainly due to the different amounts of solar radiation received: the upper layer of colored sculptures is shielded by the eaves, receives less solar radiation, and the thermal stress caused by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the material is also smaller. Simulation analysis shows that when the temperature difference changes by more than 6 degrees Celsius, the risk of peeling increases. Adding or restoring the original cave eaves can reduce the frequency of the statue surface temperature difference exceeding 6 degrees Celsius. However, in the current protection practice, adding or restoring cave eaves is controversial due to concerns about historical authenticity and style coordination.
Similar controversies have also appeared in the protection of the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟). The Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟) had cave eaves built during the Liao (辽), Jin (金), and Qing (清) dynasties, but most of them no longer exist. In the 1990s, the wooden cave eaves of Cave 8 were restored, but it also faced the dilemma of the cave eaves' shape being difficult to verify. The restored cave eaves have shown significant protective effects. Monitoring data from the Yungang Grottoes Research Institute (云冈石窟研究院) shows that the amount of surface sand loss in the cave has decreased by 70% compared to before the cave eaves were built.
The AI technology that has emerged in recent years is expected to "upgrade" the environmental management capabilities of grotto temples. In terms of environmental monitoring, the existing technology does not adequately exploit the value of massive environmental data. AI algorithms can achieve efficient data analysis, timely detect anomalies, and predict risks. In terms of disease identification, the traditional method, which is mainly based on manual judgment, has problems such as subjective bias and insufficient accuracy. AI technology can combine hyperspectral imaging and other technologies to achieve automatic marking of millimeter-level cracks and prediction of disease development trends, promoting the transition of cultural relic protection from "**经验驱动**" (jīng yàn qū dòng - "experience-driven," relying on past experiences) to "**数据驱动**" (shù jù qū dòng - "data-driven," relying on data analysis). In terms of environmental control, AI technology can give the system the ability to "make autonomous decisions" and realize intelligent regulation of ventilation, temperature control, humidity control, and other equipment.
We look forward to grotto temple protection taking environmental management as its core, building a new cycle of "monitoring - prediction - regulation - prevention" as soon as possible, so that grotto temple cultural relics can "remain healthy" and be preserved forever.
(The author is a professor in the Department of Architecture at Southeast University (东南大学))
Return to TopBy: 庞雅妮
The original exhibition "Bronze China: The Rise and Prosperity of Chinese Bronze Civilization" at the Shaanxi History Museum (陕西历史博物馆) has garnered significant attention since its opening. This exhibition is the concluding piece of the "Early China" series, following "Painted Pottery China" (彩陶·中华) and "Jade China" (玉韫·九州). Together, they focus on three of the most representative artifact types—pottery, jade, and bronze—that reflect the advanced productivity of different periods in the origin and early development of Chinese civilization. These exhibitions examine the development of agriculture and handicrafts, the stratification of society, and the operation of social management power, forming a coherent and interconnected system.
What is civilization? How did early Chinese civilization develop? How did the processes of social complexification and unity in diversity unfold? These significant questions have been clarified in academic circles, but remain largely unknown to the general public. Systematically translating archaeological research findings is the driving force behind our curation of the "Early China" series of exhibitions.
The "Bronze China" exhibition aims to answer the questions: How did Chinese bronze civilization originate and develop? What are its distinct characteristics and spiritual connotations? What role did it play in the development of civilization and the formation of early China?
Since the late Neolithic Age, various cultural elements, represented by copper casting technology, have rapidly converged in the Central Plains (中原) region. This convergence not only gave rise to China's unique bronze culture but also elevated the Xia Dynasty (夏代) civilization to the stage of dynastic civilization. By the early Western Zhou Dynasty (西周), a vast and culturally homogeneous, unified China had essentially formed. This revolutionary change triggered by bronze technology not only influenced the development pattern of early Chinese civilization but also laid a solid foundation for Chinese ritual and music civilization. This is the exhibition theme of "Bronze Casting the Nation, Ritual and Music China."
The "Bronze China" exhibition features 341 artifacts (sets) from 51 cultural and museum institutions in 17 provinces (municipalities, and autonomous regions) across the country. It is one of the most comprehensive displays of bronze artifacts from the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties in recent years, covering the widest geographical distribution. We have tried to select representative cultural relics to highlight the theme of each chapter, such as the four-sheep-head copper scepter head unearthed from the Huoshaogou Site (火烧沟遗址) in Yumen (玉门), Gansu (甘肃), and the barbed copper spear unearthed from the Shenna Site (沈那遗址) in Xining (西宁), Qinghai (青海), reflecting the cultural exchange between the East and the West. We also try to use new materials to enhance the timeliness of the exhibition, such as the metallurgical relics unearthed from the Xichengyi Site (西城驿) in Zhangye (张掖), Gansu, the Qianjinba Site (千金耙) in Wenxi (闻喜), Shanxi (山西), and the Xiwubi Site (西吴壁) in Jiangxian (绛县), and the newly discovered cultural relics from the "Huo" state (获国) unearthed from the Yaoheyuan Site (姚河塬遗址) in Pengyang County (彭阳县), Ningxia (宁夏), which are not recorded in historical books.
The "Bronze China" exhibition uses three units—"Technology Trend," "Center and Periphery," and "Ritual and Music China"—to connect the three major narrative focuses of the exhibition.
The first major focus is to showcase the manufacturing techniques of bronzes and China's unique path of bronze development. China mainly used pottery-based mold casting, a distinctive technical feature. Chinese bronze civilization is primarily based on "ritual," while other civilizations are primarily based on "use," further demonstrating the innovation of Chinese civilization. The second major focus is to analyze the unique driving force of bronzes in the social development of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. The exhibition showcases how the three dynasties, represented by the royal capital as the "center" and the "periphery" controlled or influenced by the dynasty, continuously consolidated and expanded the control and influence of royal power by controlling the core manufacturing technology of bronzes, strategic copper resources, and the right to distribute and use bronzes, highlighting the unity of Chinese civilization. The third major focus is to explore the ritual concepts carried by bronzes and their foundational role in traditional Chinese ritual civilization. During the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, bronzes, due to their excellent performance, became the most important carrier of ritual, and on the basis of previous ritual concepts, developed a more institutionalized and standardized bronze ritual and music civilization, interpreting the ideological concept of "the most important affairs of the state are sacrifice and war" (国之大事，在祀与戎 (guó zhī dà shì, zài sì yǔ róng - "the great affairs of state lie in sacrifice and war," refers to the importance of rituals and military affairs in ancient China)), regulating people's lifestyles and social operations at that time, and highlighting the continuity of Chinese civilization.
Only by constantly interpreting and elucidating these cultural relics can we approach the distant ancients, find our deep cultural roots, and truly establish cultural confidence from the depths of our hearts.
(The author is the director of the Shaanxi History Museum (陕西历史博物馆))
Return to TopBy: 余缘友
"If you have three years of aged mugwort at home, you won't need a doctor." This saying still circulates in my hometown, Qichun (蕲春), Hubei (湖北). Because it is located in the southern foothills of the Dabie Mountains (大别山), the humidity is relatively high, so people often use mugwort to fumigate their houses and drive away insects. In midsummer, villagers use stone mortars to mash mugwort leaves into a paste, mix them with glutinous rice to make "ai ba" (艾粑), and also dry the mugwort and put it in cloth bags to make sachets, which are tied to the edge of the bed with colorful threads to pray for health. In 2021, "Qichun Moxibustion Therapy" (蕲春艾灸疗法) was included in the list of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.
In this small city in eastern Hubei (鄂东), this small grass accompanies us through the "major events" of our lives. Since I was a child, my grandfather told me that people in Qichun (蕲春) have to take three mugwort baths in their lifetime: once on the third day after birth, once at marriage, and once at death.
Daily life is also inseparable from it. Soak feet in mugwort in spring and summer, bathe in mugwort in autumn and winter, insert mugwort leaves during the Dragon Boat Festival, and swallow mugwort for stomachaches. When I was a child, if I caught a cold at night and had a stomachache, my mother would carefully select a few old mugwort stalks, bake them, wrap them in cotton cloth, and gently place them on my navel. The next morning, I would be **生龙活虎** (shēng lóng huó hǔ - "as lively as dragons and tigers," full of vim and vigor). Now that I am studying in another place, my mother sent me a cotton pillow made of aged mugwort from my hometown. When I pillow it, I feel like I have returned to my hometown, which is stained with the fragrance of soil and mugwort, and I sleep soundly every night.
Mugwort is a plant with great vitality. Every year during the plum rain season, it grows wildly in the fields, and a green wave rises and falls with the wind. In recent years, my hometown has been committed to "medicine and tourism linkage" to create a big health characteristic industry, and the mugwort industry is booming.
(The author is a student at Hong Kong Metropolitan University (香港都会大学))
Return to TopBy: 鲁 颖
Entering the seventh month of the lunar calendar, there is an important traditional festival—the Qixi Festival. In ancient times, seasonal festivals were related to production activities, a combination of sacrifices, agricultural affairs, diet, and recreational leisure, and also a unity of ritual and music. Whether in the court or among the common people, girls had the custom of begging for skills on this day, also known as the "Begging for Skills Festival," and because the main participants in the festival were women, it was also called the "Daughters' Festival" or "Maidens' Festival."
"Cowherd" (牵牛) and "Weaver Girl" (织女) were originally the names of two constellations in ancient times, which later slowly evolved into a well-known mythical love story. As early as three or four thousand years ago, the *Xia Xiaozheng* (《夏小正》) recorded "In the early evening of the seventh month, the Weaver Girl faces due east," meaning that in the twilight of July, the Weaver Girl star emits a bright glow, hanging high in the night sky. The *Classic of Poetry•Xiaoya* (《诗经•小雅》) already contained the prototype of this mythical legend: "In the sky is the Han River, shining brightly. There is the Weaver Girl, who weaves seven times a day, but even with seven weavings, she cannot complete a pattern. There is the Cowherd, who does not use his cart."
The Qixi Festival truly took shape in the Han Dynasty, gradually forming the customs of "threading seven-hole needles," "drying clothes," and "drying books." By the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the custom of offering melons and fruits to the Cowherd and Weaver Girl stars had initially formed. The *Chronicle of Jingchu* (《荆楚岁时记》) records that on the seventh day of the seventh month, "on this evening, women build colored pavilions, thread seven-hole needles, or use gold, silver, or stone as needles, and display melons and fruits in the courtyard to beg for skills. If there is a *xizi* (喜子) spider web on the melon, it is considered a sign." The *xizi* is a small red long-legged spider, and if it spins a web on the melon, it will be considered favored by the Weaver Girl. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, begging for skills on Qixi was quite grand, and there were even markets in the capital that specialized in selling items for begging for skills, which people called Qiqiao Markets. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the customs of Qixi became even more prevalent, and different regional characteristics emerged in various places.
Yao Wenhan (姚文瀚), a court painter of the Qing Dynasty, painted the *Qixi Festival Picture* (《七夕图》), which depicts two scenes, one in the heavens and one on earth, on the night of Qixi. In the upper part of the picture, the long sky is quiet, and the Cowherd, leading an old ox, echoes the Weaver Girl, who is riding auspicious clouds, meeting on the magpie bridge. In the lower part of the picture, women on earth are performing various activities of begging for blessings.
After the Ming and Qing dynasties, the game of "dropping needles to test skills" became popular. On the evening of the sixth day of the seventh month, a bowl is filled with clear water and placed under the eaves where the sun can shine, so that a thin film is exposed on the surface of the water. At noon on the seventh day, a needle is dropped into the bowl, and the needle will float on the surface of the water. If there are shadows of flowers, birds, animals, or clouds under the water, it is a symbol of "skill." Chen Mei (陈枚), a court painter of the Qing Dynasty, painted *The Album of Monthly Pleasures: July* (《月曼清游图册之七月》), and Ren Yi (任颐), a Shanghai School painter, painted *Begging for Skills Picture* (《乞巧图》), both depicting the scene of "dropping needles to test skills" in the court and among the common people. Women, carefully dressed and made up, surround porcelain bowls filled with clear water, carefully dropping embroidery needles into the bowls, and the viewers hold their breath, hoping for good luck to come.
In the Qing Dynasty court, whenever there were festivals, seasonal operas would be performed. The auspicious operas performed on Qixi included *Seven Weavings Reporting Patterns* (《七襄报章》), *Ladies Begging for Skills* (《仕女乞巧》), *Milky Way Magpie Crossing* (《银河鹊渡》), and *Magpie Bridge Secret Oath* (《鹊桥密誓》). The opera scripts and costumes preserved in the Palace Museum reflect the scenes of the performances at that time. A yellowish-brown crepe silk Cowherd robe with embroidered flower and butterfly patterns has silk tassels on the collar and hem, shaped like thatched grass to shield from wind and rain, to show the Cowherd's poor status; a light blue satin Weaver Girl robe embroidered with gold happy characters, flowers, and butterfly patterns is embroidered with patterns expressing the love of the Cowherd and Weaver Girl, gorgeous and elegant.
Even today, Qixi is still a romantic festival, and the beauty of "**在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝**" (zài tiān yuàn zuò bǐ yì niǎo, zài dì yuàn wéi lián lǐ zhī - "In the sky, may we be two birds flying wing to wing; on earth, may we be two trees with intertwined branches," expressing a wish to be together forever, like inseparable birds or trees) is something to yearn for.
(The author is a researcher at the Palace Museum (故宫博物院).)
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