Summary: Beijing is prioritizing the construction of a national cultural center by preserving its historical heritage, promoting revolutionary culture, and integrating culture with commerce and technology. Beijing Party Secretary Yin Li emphasized the importance of Xi Jinping's cultural thought and telling Chinese stories, while the city has launched initiatives to engage youth with revolutionary history and cultural heritage. The city's cultural initiatives aim to enhance the well-being of the people, boost tourism, and facilitate international cultural exchange. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: During an April 2024 inspection in Chongqing, Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of developing a modern industrial system based on advanced manufacturing and promoting green development to protect the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Chongqing is focusing on optimizing its industrial structure by increasing low-energy, high-output industries while controlling high-energy, high-emission sectors, resulting in a 12.3% decrease in energy consumption per unit of industrial added value from 2021 to 2024. The city promotes green benchmarks, fostering leading enterprises and green industrial parks, with the value of national-level green factories constituting 29.5% of the city's total industrial output. Chongqing is also building a circular economy ecosystem by promoting resource recycling at the enterprise, park, and industrial levels, achieving significant utilization rates for waste materials and reducing water consumption.
Summary: Li Xi, a member of the Politburo Standing Committee and Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, led a CPC delegation on an official visit to Greece, meeting with several Greek leaders. Li conveyed Xi Jinping's greetings and emphasized the growth of the Sino-Greek comprehensive strategic partnership, highlighting Xi's global governance initiatives and China's anti-corruption efforts. Greek leaders expressed willingness to strengthen cooperation with China in international forums and on anti-corruption measures, while also reaffirming their commitment to the one-China principle. Li also discussed China-Europe relations, and visited the Piraeus Port project.
Summary: A State Council Information Office white paper, "The Successful Practice of the Party's Governance Strategy in the New Era," reviews the formation, core tenets, and principles of the CCP's Xinjiang policy under Xi Jinping. It emphasizes the achievements in Xinjiang's development, stability, and reform, asserting that the party has found a correct path to balance development and security in the region, promoting Chinese-style modernization and long-term stability. The white paper highlighted Xinjiang's economic growth, poverty alleviation, increased life expectancy, and strengthened ethnic unity. It underscores the importance of Xinjiang in the context of national development and rejuvenation. No specific mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations were presented in the article.
Summary: This article discusses China's efforts to protect the rights of workers in "new employment forms," like delivery drivers, who constitute a growing segment of the workforce. Measures include expanding occupational injury insurance pilots, issuing legal guidance to clarify employment relationships, and increasing legal aid. The piece highlights a case where a court recognized an employment relationship despite a company's attempt to classify a delivery driver as an independent business. Regulations also aim to make algorithms more transparent and fair, preventing platforms from using them to exploit workers. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: The 22nd China-ASEAN Expo in Nanning opened to the public on September 20th, attracting citizens and tourists. Since opening on September 17th, the expo has drawn thousands of companies to showcase new achievements in China-ASEAN cooperation. The exhibition spans 160,000 square meters.
Summary: A recent white paper highlights the significant role of women in enriching Chinese culture, noting that women comprise 45.2% of individuals selected for the "National Cultural Talents Project" and 25% of national-level intangible cultural heritage inheritors. The paper emphasizes the contributions of female artists and cultural workers in promoting Chinese culture, both domestically and internationally, across various fields from literature to performing arts. The document specifically praises women's roles in heritage preservation and cultural innovation, suggesting this is a new era for women and the further development of Chinese culture. The publication ultimately argues that actively leveraging the cultural strength of women will offer more aesthetic inspiration, enrich the spiritual world of the people, and contribute to the construction of a strong cultural country. There is no mention of the United States or US-China relations.
Summary: Vice Premier Liu Guozhong, speaking at the opening of the 2025 Pujiang Innovation Forum in Shanghai, emphasized China's commitment to innovation as the primary driver of development and its dedication to becoming a technological powerhouse. He proposed four suggestions for global cooperation, including building an open international innovation network and opposing the politicization of scientific cooperation. Liu called for joint efforts to address global challenges and promote technological benefits for all nations. Belarusian First Deputy Prime Minister Snopkov and Shanghai Party Secretary Chen Jining also attended the opening ceremony. Following the ceremony, Liu and Snopkov attended the closing ceremony of the "2024-2025 China-Belarus Year of Scientific and Technological Innovation" and visited an exhibition on China-Belarusian scientific and technological cooperation.
Summary: A State Council Information Office press conference released a white paper titled "Successful Practice of the Party's Governance Strategy for Xinjiang in the New Era." According to officials, the white paper systematically introduces the historical context, main points, and successful practices of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang. Xinjiang officials, including Erkin Tuniyaz and Chen Weijun, highlighted economic achievements like surpassing 2 trillion yuan in GDP and reaching record-high import/export volumes, alongside advancements in education and infrastructure. The white paper emphasizes Xinjiang's shift from a relatively closed inland region to a frontier of opening up to the West, with increased international transportation routes and China-Europe freight train traffic. The officials also stressed the importance of stability underpinned by the rule of law in Xinjiang.
Summary: This document outlines the historical and contemporary policies of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Xinjiang, emphasizing the region's integral role in China's national governance. It asserts that successive central governments have always considered Xinjiang an inseparable part of China, highlighting historical administrative practices and cultural integration efforts. The document emphasizes Xi Jinping's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era, which focuses on maintaining social stability, promoting economic development, and strengthening cultural identity. The CCP claims success in combating separatism, promoting ethnic unity, and improving living standards in the region. Mentioning the United States, the document criticizes the U.S. for interference and sanctions based on what it deems fabricated accusations, while highlighting China's countermeasures to safeguard its interests.
Summary: State Councilor Shen Yiqin announced the opening of the 3rd National Vocational Skills Competition in Zhengzhou, emphasizing the importance of stable employment and skills training in line with Xi Jinping's directives. Shen called for enhanced vocational skills training to address structural employment issues, focusing on key sectors and industries. During the event, she toured exhibition areas and competition sites, stressing the role of competitions in improving skills development. Shen also visited businesses and employment centers to assess employment trends and support for key demographics, highlighting the need for robust employment services and entrepreneurial support. The report did not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: At the 2025 World Manufacturing Convention in Hefei, National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) Vice Chairman Wang Yong stated that China, under Xi Jinping's guidance and the spirit of his 2019 congratulatory letter, has supported global manufacturing through mutually beneficial cooperation. Wang emphasized breaking down barriers to technology, talent, and data to deepen cooperation in key areas like manufacturing. He also mentioned China's commitment to Xi Jinping's four global initiatives. The convention, themed "Intelligent Manufacturing World, Creating a Better Future," hosted over 1,000 guests from more than 40 countries and regions.
Summary: The 500 kV Xiquan Substation in Tieling, Liaoning, successfully went live on September 20th after beginning construction in March 2024. The project supports over 2 million kilowatts of wind and solar power integration. It will facilitate the consumption of over 3 billion kilowatt-hours of additional clean energy annually. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Beijing is prioritizing the construction of a national cultural center by preserving its historical heritage, promoting cultural activities, and integrating culture with commerce and technology, according to reporting in the article. Beijing's Party Secretary Yin Li stated the importance of implementing Xi Jinping's cultural thought to promote Chinese stories and contribute to a strong cultural nation. The city has seen growth in tourism and cultural industries, with efforts to blend traditional and modern elements, including preservation projects and cultural events, attracting both domestic and international visitors. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: The National Organization for Drug Centralized Procurement Office announced the eleventh batch of national centralized drug procurement documents. The procurement prioritizes drug quality, with the State Drug Administration including selected products in key supervision and inspection, covering all selected companies and products. To ensure clinical supply and meet diverse needs, multiple selected companies may supply each region or even each medical institution. The procurement also focuses on ensuring the supply of children's medicines, adjusting pricing rules for small-specification pediatric formulations.
Summary: During Xi Jinping's April 2024 visit to Chongqing, he emphasized the importance of green and low-carbon economic and social development for achieving high-quality growth, focusing on advanced manufacturing and ecological protection in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Chongqing is focusing on optimizing its industrial structure by increasing low-energy, high-output industries while reducing high-energy and high-emission sectors; this includes developing industries like smart connected new energy vehicles, and hydrogen power modules. The city is fostering green benchmarks, such as green factories and industrial parks, and promoting resource recycling within industrial parks to build a circular economy. Chongqing is facilitating resource recycling, with industrial solid waste utilization rates above 70%. The article did not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
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Summary: The Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries hosted the 2025 International Legislators' Dialogue in Beijing and Xinjiang, focusing on global cooperation and sustainable development. Over 60 foreign legislators from various continents attended, discussing the Belt and Road Initiative, environmental protection, human rights, and ethnic unity. During their visit to Xinjiang, legislators observed ethnic harmony and expressed their views on human rights and economic development in the region, with some noting the importance of addressing basic needs. Participants also lauded Xinjiang's ecological governance and green development practices, particularly in combating desertification. Legislators from countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative praised its tangible benefits for regional connectivity and economic development.
Summary: According to the article, Presidents Xi and Trump had a candid and in-depth phone call on September 19th, exchanging views on China-U.S. relations and issues of mutual concern. The article emphasizes the importance of adhering to the consensus reached by the two heads of state, advocating for strengthened dialogue, mutual trust, and managed differences to promote a healthy and stable U.S.-China relationship. It highlights progress in trade talks following meetings in Geneva, London, Stockholm, and Madrid, with both sides reaching a basic framework consensus on resolving the TikTok issue. The piece calls on the U.S. to provide a fair environment for Chinese investment and to avoid unilateral trade restrictions.
Summary: Egyptian political science professor Nadia Hilmy stated that the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), under China's leadership, promotes a model of civilizational cooperation based on mutual respect. She highlighted the 2025 SCO Tianjin summit as the largest since the organization's founding, demonstrating the SCO's appeal and China's growing influence. Hilmy emphasized the SCO's commitment to genuine multilateralism and its alignment with the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, noting China's role in promoting inclusive development. She sees the SCO as an important platform for promoting cooperation between Egypt and China, contributing to a fairer and more inclusive globalization. The SCO's strength derives from its core "Shanghai Spirit," which transcends Cold War thinking and promotes dialogue over confrontation, contributing to a new approach to multipolar world order.
Summary: A Ministry of Commerce spokesperson stated that China and the U.S. reached a basic framework agreement in Madrid on September 14-15 to resolve issues surrounding TikTok, reduce investment barriers, and promote related economic and trade cooperation. The statement also mentions that the leaders of the two countries exchanged views on the topic of TikTok during a phone call on September 19. China hopes the U.S. will meet its commitments and provide a fair, open, and non-discriminatory business environment for Chinese companies like TikTok to operate in the U.S. The statement emphasized that this will promote the stable, healthy, and sustainable development of Sino-U.S. trade and economic relations.
Summary: During a meeting with Moroccan Foreign Minister Bourita in Beijing, PRC Politburo Member and Foreign Minister Wang Yi articulated China's perspective on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, emphasizing the unprecedented humanitarian disaster and violation of international law. Wang criticized Israel's actions, including the Gaza takeover plan and West Bank land seizures, arguing they undermine the "two-state solution" and regional stability. He stressed the need for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, adherence to the principle of "Palestinians governing Palestine," and unwavering commitment to the "two-state solution." Wang called on countries with influence over Israel to fulfill their responsibilities and for the international community to unite in supporting Palestinian rights, including recognition of a Palestinian state and full UN membership. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in this article.
Summary: The ninth "Belt and Road" Youth Maker Camp and Teacher Workshop was held in Ningxia, focusing on green development and technological innovation with 120 Chinese and foreign youths and teachers participating. Participants experienced China's technological advancements in agriculture and ecological governance, such as desertification control methods and smart agriculture, while also exploring Chinese culture. Foreign participants expressed interest in future collaborations with China in fields like technology, agriculture, and education. Participants also sought to strengthen connections across borders through innovation and mutual understanding.
Summary: The 32nd APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting will be held in Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea, from late October to early November. The meeting's theme is "A Sustainable Tomorrow We Build Together – Connect, Innovate, Prosper." The report is accompanied by a photograph of APEC meeting signage at Gyeongju train station. The article does not include any discussion of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Ambassador Chen Xu, China's Permanent Representative to the UN Office at Geneva, addressed the 60th session of the UN Human Rights Council, condemning unnamed countries for interfering in normal judicial cooperation between sovereign states under the guise of human rights. Speaking on behalf of the "Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations," Chen criticized the abuse of unilateral coercive measures against developing countries, the threat or use of force against sovereign states, and the politicization of human rights. Chen stated that China opposes using human rights as a pretext to interfere in other countries' internal affairs and advocates for a more just global human rights governance system. The United States was not mentioned by name, but the statement implicitly criticized U.S. actions.
Summary: The 2025 China-ASEAN Ministerial Roundtable Conference on Artificial Intelligence, co-hosted by China's National Development and Reform Commission and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, convened in Nanning. The meeting aimed to foster dialogue and practical cooperation between China and ASEAN nations in AI development and governance. A key outcome was the launch of the China-ASEAN Artificial Intelligence Application Cooperation Center. The center will focus on strengthening AI infrastructure, providing open-source services, enhancing industrial collaboration, and promoting talent cultivation. The goal is to facilitate the widespread application of AI technologies throughout the region.
Summary: A China-Central Africa think tank seminar was held in Kinshasa, DRC, focusing on implementing the outcomes of the 2024 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) Beijing Summit. Over 200 officials, business representatives, think tanks, and media from China and seven Central African countries participated. The event, co-hosted by the DRC President's Strategic Monitoring Council and the Chinese Embassy in the DRC, also addressed topics such as high-quality Belt and Road Initiative construction. Discussions included promoting cooperation in industry, energy, agriculture, and trade. The seminar was reported by Xinhua News Agency.
Summary: This document outlines the PRC's perspective on its governance of Xinjiang, asserting that the region has been an inseparable part of China since ancient times. It highlights the CCP's policies since 1949, including economic development, poverty alleviation, and promotion of ethnic unity, while emphasizing the importance of social stability and countering separatism, extremism, and terrorism. The document underscores the "new era Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang," focusing on law-based governance, unity, cultural integration, economic prosperity, and long-term development. It also addresses the importance of safeguarding the common identity of the Chinese nation. Finally, it touches on responding to US sanctions, framing them as interference in China's internal affairs.
Summary: This document outlines the PRC's perspective on Xinjiang, emphasizing historical ties, CCP governance achievements, and future development plans. It asserts that Xinjiang has been an integral part of China since ancient times and highlights the CCP's role in improving the region's economy, social stability, and living standards, especially since the advent of "Xi Jinping Thought." The document champions the "Xinjiang Governance Strategy," which prioritizes social stability, ethnic unity, and cultural integration. It also accuses the U.S. of using Xinjiang-related issues to interfere in China's internal affairs and undermine its development, and mentions the use of countermeasures. Finally, the document emphasizes the need to promote a shared Chinese identity and to resist "splittism."
Summary: A recent visit by a delegation from Taiwan's Lukang Township to Fujian's Shishi City highlights the enduring connection between the two regions, exemplified by shared village names like Pujin. The article emphasizes that many villages in Taiwan were named after places in Fujian by migrants, with approximately 280 such pairs existing today, symbolizing shared ancestry and culture. The piece notes the establishment of a center in Quanzhou to assist Taiwanese people in tracing their roots and promoting cross-strait exchanges. The article also references the "Cross-Strait Village Basketball Invitation" and a joint initiative to collect and protect "Cross-Strait Family Letters" to promote cross-strait cultural exchange.
Summary: The "Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou" innovation cluster has been ranked first globally in the 2025 Global Innovation Index, marking a significant rise from its previous five-year ranking of second. This achievement is attributed to increased R&D investment, enhanced innovation capabilities, and growing confidence in development. Hong Kong's strengths in basic research, international talent, and financing, coupled with the mainland's robust industrial system and advanced technology infrastructure, contribute to the cluster's success. The Greater Bay Area leverages the "One Country, Two Systems" framework to foster cross-border collaboration and accelerate the translation of research into industrial applications. This collaborative environment is driving innovation and contributing to China's goal of becoming a leading global technology power.
Summary: The 33rd Macau International Fireworks Display Contest, organized by the Macau Government Tourism Office, has commenced, featuring fireworks companies from ten countries. Attendees can enjoy fireworks displays, food, games, and stage performances, experiencing Macau's multicultural appeal. In addition to photography and student painting competitions, an AI-assisted art competition was introduced this year. The event aims to capture memorable moments through creative works. The article does not mention the United States.
Summary: The article accuses Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) of implementing "cultural Taiwan independence" through new educational materials designed to allegedly instill anti-China sentiment and promote a "Taiwan independence" agenda by distorting history and implying Taiwan's ambiguous status. The author asserts that the DPP's actions aim to sever historical and cultural ties between Taiwan and the mainland, fostering cross-strait antagonism. Despite the DPP's efforts, the article insists that the shared Chinese cultural identity remains strong among Taiwanese people, exemplified by their enthusiasm for the recent military parade in Beijing. The article warns that such "de-Sinicization" efforts are doomed to fail.
Summary: A theme book exhibition focusing on the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War is being held at the Joint Publishing bookstore in Hong Kong to promote patriotism. A series of cultural events have also boosted the reading atmosphere in Hong Kong, with national conditions-related books becoming increasingly popular. Hong Kong residents' demand for national history, culture, politics, economics and other national conditions is increasing day by day. Zhao Yang, Chairman of the Hong Kong Youth Federation of China Merchants Group, noted that Hong Kong youth are showing increased interest in mainland China through reading and are strengthening their national identity. Zhao Yang also plans to include books on China's development achievements in the next Hong Kong Teenager Reading Month.
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Summary: The article discusses the 40th anniversary of the Museum of Evidence of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army, highlighting its efforts to expose the unit's wartime atrocities. The museum has collected numerous artifacts and testimonies, including a military sword given by Shirō Ishii to a Unit 731 member and a roster of Unit 731 personnel obtained from Japan's National Archives. The exhibits aim to present a stark and truthful account of the unit's human experimentation and biological warfare activities. The museum is actively seeking UNESCO World Heritage status for the Unit 731 site and recognition for its archives. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: China is strengthening its efforts to protect *langqiao* (廊桥), traditional covered bridges, recognizing their cultural and historical significance in rural areas. A three-year action plan (2023-2025) has been initiated to systematically protect these bridges, including establishing identification standards and detailed records. Restoration projects are underway, and digital technologies are being utilized for preservation, along with safety and monitoring systems. The "Chinese traditional wooden arch bridge building technology" was inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in December 2024, and training programs are underway to preserve the technology. Zhejiang province is integrating *langqiao* protection with rural revitalization, boosting tourism and implementing comprehensive protection measures. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Chinese researchers are developing innovative techniques to preserve waterlogged ivory artifacts excavated from the Sanxingdui site in Guanghan, Sichuan. The team is focused on dehydration and reinforcement of the fragile ivory using new high-penetration materials and adhesives. The goal is to restore and protect the ivory for future research into the Shu civilization. These ivory artifacts will provide insights into the Shu civilization’s religious practices, social life, and trade. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article emphasizes the increasing efforts to protect and utilize artifacts and sites related to the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945) across China. These efforts include restoring historical sites, improving exhibitions, and integrating these sites into patriotic education programs. The article highlights the shift towards more engaging and emotionally resonant narratives in exhibitions to connect with audiences, particularly the younger generation, fostering a sense of national identity and responsibility. It frames the preservation of these relics as a commitment to the future and a means of understanding national rejuvenation. There is no mention of the United States or US-China relations.
Summary: An elderly man known as Uncle Chen continues to perform the traditional "Shima River Work Song" (石马江号子), a local intangible cultural heritage, on the banks of the Zi River. His father previously brought the song to Beijing in 1959, and it has now been featured in local performances. During a recent Double Ninth Festival performance, Chen's powerful rendition moved the audience, including schoolchildren who joined in the chant. The song is now being carried on by a younger generation, as evidenced by a teenager listening to a recorded version and then singing it out loud to the river. There is no discussion of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: Shandong province, following the principle of "investigating everything that should be investigated and protecting everything that should be protected," has registered over 14,000 newly discovered cultural relics during the fourth national cultural relics survey. These discoveries, with the most numerous being modern historical sites and representative buildings, are attributed to extending the definition of cultural relics and implementing a "archaeology first, construction later" approach. The province innovatively issued a public announcement to collect clues, resulting in a 40% conversion rate of leads to new discoveries. Shandong also conducted thematic investigations focusing on key areas and types, such as the Qi Great Wall and salt industry sites, revealing over 1,000 new sites related to salt production. The survey team has discovered 24 relics related to the Japanese invasion of China.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to create a short summary for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
By: 本报记者 李建广 施 芳
In the autumn of Beijing (北京), climbing the Tiananmen Rostrum (天安门城楼) for a distant view: the central axis runs through the north and south, the ancient capital for thousands of years, magnificent and beautiful; Chang'an Street (长安街) runs through the east and west, a modern metropolis, with picturesque scenery.
"This time, I made a special trip here to check in, not only to appreciate the beauty of the central axis, but also to feel the strong patriotic atmosphere." Liu Wentao (刘文韬), a tourist from Chengde City (承德市), Hebei Province (河北省), could not hide his excitement.
Culture flows in the urban texture, integrates into the national blood, and nourishes the people's spiritual home.
When General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) inspected work in Beijing (北京) in February 2014, he clearly defined the strategic positioning of the capital Beijing (北京) as the national cultural center. In February 2017, when General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) inspected work in Beijing (北京), he emphasized: "Beijing's (北京) historical culture is a great testimony to the long history of Chinese civilization. It is necessary to protect it more carefully, highlight the overall value of Beijing's (北京) historical culture, and strengthen the urban characteristics of 'capital style, ancient capital charm, and contemporary style'."
In recent years, Beijing (北京) has placed the construction of the national cultural center in a prominent position in the capital's development in the new era, vigorously inheriting and developing ancient capital culture, red culture, Beijing-style culture, and innovative culture, and accelerating the construction of a capital of advanced socialist culture with Chinese characteristics.
Yin Li (尹力), Secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee (北京市委书记), said that we should bear in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) earnest entrustment, thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on culture, earnestly do a good job in the construction of the national cultural center, continue to tell Chinese stories and Beijing stories, and strive to make greater contributions to the construction of a strong cultural country.
Protect the veins with culture, and guard its roots.
On September 10, Beijing (北京) added another world-class "cultural card". The Yongding River Ancient Canal Irrigation Project (永定河古渠灌溉工程) in Mentougou (门头沟), Beijing (北京) was selected into the World Irrigation Engineering Heritage List.
Protection, inheritance. Southeast of the Yongding River Ancient Irrigation Canal (永定河古灌渠), the Liulihe Site (琉璃河遗址), generations of archaeologists have explored the "source of the city" of Beijing (北京), and verified the history of Beijing's (北京) city construction for more than 3,000 years. The preliminary work for applying for world heritage status has now been launched.
More than 3,000 years of city construction history and more than 870 years of capital construction history have laid the foundation for Beijing's (北京) cultural heritage. "We adhere to overall protection and living inheritance, and constantly polish the golden name card of historical culture," said Zhang Lixin (张立新), Director of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics (北京市文物局局长).
The Xiannongtan Shencang (先农坛神仓) and Qingcheng Palace (庆成宫), and the Zhengyangmen Arrow Tower (正阳门箭楼) are open to the public. The successful application of the Beijing Central Axis (北京中轴线) for world heritage status has led to the successful completion of more than 100 cultural relic protection projects. The "Three-Year Action Plan for the Protection and Inheritance of the Beijing Central Axis (北京中轴线保护传承三年行动计划) (2025-2027)" was released; "The old city can no longer be demolished." Gradual "micro-transformation" promotes the restoration of the texture of Hutong streets and alleys, and the living environment of the masses has been improved... The old city has been rejuvenated.
The Luxian Ancient City Site Park (路县故城遗址公园) and Museum are open. Since the opening of the three major cultural facilities in the Beijing Urban Sub-Center (北京城市副中心), the number of visitors has exceeded 10 million; the China Great Wall Museum (中国长城博物馆) has been renovated and upgraded, and the "Three-Year Action Plan for the Construction and Protection of the Great Wall National Cultural Park (Beijing Section) (长城国家文化公园（北京段）建设保护三年行动计划) (2024-2026)" has been issued; Wanping City (宛平城) has been renovated and opened, and the Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War (中国人民抗日战争纪念馆) has received more than 800,000 visitors after its renovation and expansion... The quality of the Great Wall Cultural Belt, the Grand Canal Cultural Belt, and the Xishan Yongding River Cultural Belt (西山永定河文化带) continues to improve.
Cultivate people with culture, and activate their souls.
How to understand the significance of cultural inheritance and development?
Not long ago, in the Dongsi Hutong Museum (东四胡同博物馆) in Dongcheng District (东城区), in coordination with experts' theoretical lectures, a Qinshu performance took the audience into the long history of the central axis, and a city planner's "Hutong repair ledger" allowed the masses to see the detailed changes at their doorsteps. Many viewers sighed: "It turns out that the theory also contains the lives of our ordinary people."
Let the warm theory warm people's hearts and gather people's hearts. In recent years, Beijing (北京) has fully explored its rich cultural resources and innovatively organized characteristic publicity activities of "theory + people + literature and art." At the same time, facing the university student group, it has carried out the "'Beijing' Wonderful Culture Youth Bloom" Action Plan ("‘京’彩文化 青春绽放"行动计划) to create a vivid "Great Ideological and Political Class," which has covered more than 400,000 university students.
"As young people in the new era, we must remember history, live up to our trust, and take on our responsibilities." This is the heartfelt message written by a university student in the guestbook of the Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War (中国人民抗日战争纪念馆). The red bloodline has been passed down from generation to generation, and Beijing (北京) has built three major red cultural theme areas for the founding of the Party, the Anti-Japanese War, and the founding of New China.
Culture is not only a spiritual link that unites people's hearts, but also a key factor in promoting people's well-being.
"Let's go, let's go to the book market!" The "Me and Ditan" Beijing Book Market ("我与地坛"北京书市), which opened on September 12, attracted countless book lovers. There is the Chaoyang Book Market (朝阳书市) in spring and the Ditan Book Market (地坛书市) in autumn. More than 30,000 reading activities run through the year, and more than 2,100 physical bookstores are all over the city. The "Scholarly Beijing" is rooted downwards.
Cultural construction focuses on people and is based on people. The "City of Museums" is growing rapidly. In 2024, museums in the city received approximately 100 million visitors; the "Capital of Performing Arts" is full of vitality. A number of major cultural facilities such as the Beijing Art Museum (北京艺术博物馆), the Beijing Song and Dance Theater (北京歌舞剧院), and the China National Acrobatic Troupe (中国杂技艺术中心) are planned and constructed. 85 new performing arts spaces such as the New Space Theater of the Tianqiao Art Center (天桥艺术中心新空间剧场) are booming; the number of literary and artistic masterpieces that have won the "Five-One Project" Award (精神文明建设“五个一工程”优秀作品奖) for spiritual civilization construction leads the country.
The core socialist values have become a trend, leading the city's civilization and fashion. Today, the "Beijing Role Model" brand (北京榜样) inspires the ordinary good deeds of nearly 500,000 role models around them, more than 4.75 million registered volunteers are distributed in streets and alleys, and concepts such as "CD-ROM Action" ("光盘行动") and "Green Life" are integrated into people's daily lives.
Revitalize the industry with culture, and revitalize its spirit.
"Visiting the former residences of celebrities, eating, shopping, and sports and leisure are integrated into one stop." In the afternoon, Ms. Wang (王女士), who lives in Taoranting Street (陶然亭街道), Xicheng District (西城区), brought her friends to visit the Daji Lane business district (大吉巷商圈) near her home.
Above ground, the cultural relics protection courtyards are restored to their original state; underground, the commercial streets are crowded with people; in the air, the corridors connect the viewing platforms. The integration and co-existence of tradition and modernity, humanities and economy, releases a "strong magnetic field" of consumption. Since its opening in May this year, the sales of the Daji Lane business district (大吉巷商圈) have exceeded 260 million yuan, and the highest single-day passenger flow has reached 220,100.
The cultural context is continued, and the business context is renewed. "From a crowded Hutong 'large courtyard' to a 'city cultural living room', the key to the revitalization of Daji Lane (大吉巷) is the innovative integration and development of culture, commerce and tourism," said Liu Dongwei (刘东伟), Secretary of the Xicheng District Committee (西城区委书记).
Humanistic economics empowers the high-quality development of the city. A movie ticket stub drives 25.17 billion yuan in consumption, and the 15th Beijing International Film Festival (北京国际电影节) leverages "big consumption." An exhibition connects tourism, commerce, etc., and "Seeing Yin Shang" creates a "exhibition +" diversified scene... The coordinated linkage of culture, commerce, tourism and sports, and institutional innovation tap potential. The Action Plan for Innovative Development of Science and Technology Empowering the Cultural Field was issued, and the first batch of 12 Beijing Cultural and Technological Integration Demonstration Bases (北京市文化和科技融合示范基地) were identified... The deep integration of culture and technology, and technology empowerment add impetus. In the first half of this year, the operating income of Beijing's (北京) cultural enterprises above designated size exceeded 1.22 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.3%.
The city thrives with culture, attracting people from near and far. In the first eight months of this year, Beijing (北京) received a total of 3.362 million inbound tourists, a year-on-year increase of 44%. Pop Mart (泡泡玛特) and other trendy toys have "attracted" young people overseas, and Beijing-produced online literature, online games, and micro-short dramas have a strong momentum to go overseas... Here, ancient and modern Chinese and foreign cultures blend and converge; from here, Chinese civilization strides towards the world.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李增辉 姜 峰 原韬雄
The Yangtze River "embraces" the Jialing River (嘉陵江) in Chongqing (重庆), and then flows through Guoyuan Port (果园港) in Liangjiang New Area (两江新区), China's largest inland multi-modal transport hub. North of the port lies the Liangjiang Factory (两江工厂) of China Changan Automobile Group (中国长安汽车集团).
Inside the modern factory area, new energy vehicles are neatly arranged; on the roof of the factory buildings, there is a "blue sea" - more than 150,000 photovoltaic modules with a total area of over 400,000 square meters, providing a continuous supply of green electricity for the company's production.
Promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of economic and social development is a key link in achieving high-quality development. In April 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out during his inspection in Chongqing (重庆): "Chongqing (重庆) has a good manufacturing foundation and abundant scientific, educational, and talent resources. It is necessary to focus on building a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone" and "vigorously promote green development, build a beautiful Chongqing (重庆), and build a solid important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River."
Anchoring green and high-quality development, highlighting the green background of new industrialization, and continuously improving the "green content" of industry, Chongqing (重庆) is focusing on three aspects.
——Industrial structure optimization, skillfully doing "addition and subtraction."
What to add? Continuously increase the proportion of low-energy consumption, high-output industrial scale, and expand the increment.
A 49-ton heavy truck, equipped with a 300-kilowatt hydrogen power module, is about to achieve large-scale operation in Xinjiang (新疆). This hydrogen power module is a mass-produced product of Bosch Hydrogen Power System (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. (博世氢动力系统（重庆）有限公司). "In key areas such as hydrogen energy and high-end equipment manufacturing, the district has gathered 736 high-tech enterprises and 4,455 technology-based enterprises," introduced Yan Guocun (严国存), Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of the Jiulongpo District (九龙坡区) Economic and Information Technology Commission.
Focusing on the modern manufacturing cluster system and expanding the scale of green emerging industries, Chongqing (重庆) is focusing on building three trillion-yuan-level leading industrial clusters: intelligent connected new energy vehicles, a new generation of electronic information manufacturing, and advanced materials. In the first eight months of this year, Chongqing's (重庆) new energy vehicle production was 690,000 units, an increase of 31.4% year-on-year; the average export price of notebook computers increased by 9.8%, and the output of integrated circuits was 7.6 billion units, an increase of 65.6% year-on-year.
What to subtract? Strictly control the development scale of high-energy consumption and high-emission industries, and digest the stock.
Carrying out industrial energy conservation supervision for more than 1,000 enterprises, and implementing more than 6,000 industrial technological transformation projects... From 2021 to 2024, the cumulative decrease in energy consumption per unit of added value of Chongqing's (重庆市) industrial enterprises above designated size was 12.3%. By improving product value and reducing production costs, the proportion of the added value of the city's six major high-energy-consuming industries in the industrial enterprises above designated size has been reduced to below 25%, which is better than the national average level.
——Green benchmark leading, cultivating "leading geese."
Chongqing Huafeng Chemical Co., Ltd. (重庆华峰化工有限公司) is located in Fuling District (涪陵区). For more than 10 years, it has carried out hundreds of technical breakthroughs and innovations in energy conservation, consumption reduction, and circular economy. "The company's independently developed new adipic acid production process has more than 30 patents, realizing a carbon comprehensive utilization rate of over 96% for the green and efficient combined production of refined adipic acid using alkane and alkene methods," said Xie Yi (谢毅), Executive Deputy General Manager of the company. The company has been rated as a national-level green factory, and its adipic acid products have been rated as national-level manufacturing single champion products, with an annual production capacity of 1.355 million tons and sales to dozens of countries and regions.
Jianqiao Industrial Park (建桥工业园区) in Dadukou District (大渡口区), relying on leading enterprises in the industry such as Sanfeng Environment (三峰环境) and International Composite (国际复合), has formed a characteristic industrial chain advantage. Last year, the output value of the low-carbon and environmental protection industry increased by about 20%. "Deeply integrating the concept of green development into industrial planning and brand shaping, low-carbon environmental protection has now become a bright business card for the park's investment promotion," said Liu Yuqing (刘裕晴), Director of the Park Development Center.
Improving the "green content" of development brings about the "gold content" of the industry. As of now, Chongqing (重庆) has built 170 national-level green factories and 16 national-level green industrial parks. The output value of national-level green factories accounts for 29.5% of the city's total industrial output value above designated size. In addition, Chongqing (重庆) empowers the cultivation of green manufacturing entities with green finance, forming more than 330 green financial products such as green credit.
——Resource recycling, creating an "ecosystem."
Revitalizing the rooftop resources of the park, the first standard factory building photovoltaic storage and charging integrated project in Chongqing (重庆) has been built. If the generated electricity is not used up, the surplus electricity can be connected to the grid; by building centralized sewage treatment and wastewater recycling facilities, the water reuse rate has been maintained at over 97% for three consecutive years... Chongqing Digital Intelligence Industrial Park (重庆数智产业园), located in Banan District (巴南区), gathers more than 900 enterprises in optoelectronics, new displays, and consumer goods industries. "Focusing on the urgent needs of enterprises for low-carbon supply chains, we have built a circular economy infrastructure for the entire life cycle, effectively reducing enterprises' production energy consumption and emission costs," said Ding Hua (丁华), head of Chongqing Digital Intelligence Industrial Park (重庆数智产业园).
Enterprises circulate production, parks circulate operation, and industries circulate links. Chongqing (重庆) is accelerating the construction of a resource recycling "ecosystem." At present, the city has formed an annual resource recycling capacity of 4.5 million tons of waste steel, 600,000 tons of recycled aluminum, 200,000 tons of waste tires, and 300,000 tons of waste foundry sand. The comprehensive utilization rate of bulk industrial solid waste has remained above 70% for many years; the cumulative decrease in water consumption per unit of added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in the city has been more than 15%, reaching the national "14th Five-Year Plan" industrial water conservation goal.
In Zhongxian (忠县), the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Conch Cement Co., Ltd. (重庆海螺水泥有限责任公司), built on the bank of the Yangtze River, has an "environmental stomach": through resource-based disposal projects, it "eats" domestic and kitchen waste, replacing the fuel needed for production, and saving 42,000 tons of standard coal per year. With the construction of ecological forests, ultra-low emission transformation, and fully enclosed management of the factory area, more than 3,000 egrets have chosen to nest here. Egrets flutter among the towering kilns, writing a vivid footnote for "a river of clear water flows eastward" (一江碧水向东流 (yī jiāng bì shuǐ xiàng dōng liú - "a river of clear water flows eastward," describes the continuous flow of the Yangtze River)).
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Athens, September 20 (Reporters Dong Xue (董雪) and Chen Gang (陈刚)) At the invitation of the New Democracy party of Greece, Li Xi (李希), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, led a CPC delegation on an official friendly visit to Greece from September 17 to 20. In Athens, he met with Greek President Tassoulas (塔苏拉斯), Speaker of Parliament Kaklamanis (卡克拉马尼斯), Deputy Prime Minister Hatzidakis (哈齐达基斯), and General Secretary of the New Democracy party Skrekas (斯克雷卡斯).
During the meeting with Tassoulas, Li Xi conveyed the cordial greetings of President Xi Jinping (习近平), stating that under the strategic guidance of President Xi Jinping (习近平) and Greek leaders, the China-Greece comprehensive strategic partnership has achieved significant development. China is willing to work with Greece to uphold mutual respect and mutual trust, strengthen strategic communication, deepen exchanges and mutual learning, and promote mutually beneficial cooperation. China's development is a growth in the world's peaceful forces. Not long ago, China solemnly held commemorative activities for the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, emphasizing the need to remember history, cherish the memory of the martyrs, cherish peace, and create the future. President Xi Jinping (习近平) proposed a global governance initiative at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Tianjin Summit. China is willing to work with Greece to implement it and jointly promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Li Xi introduced China's anti-corruption work, pointing out that the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core adheres to **无禁区、全覆盖、零容忍** (wú jìn qū, quán fù gài, líng róng rěn - "no restricted zones, full coverage, zero tolerance," meaning to combat corruption comprehensively and without exception), promotes the principles of "dare not to be corrupt, cannot be corrupt, and do not want to be corrupt" in an integrated manner, and has carried out an unprecedented anti-corruption struggle, successfully forging a path of anti-corruption with Chinese characteristics. China is willing to conduct exchanges and cooperation with Greece on anti-corruption work.
Tassoulas asked Li Xi to convey his sincere greetings to President Xi Jinping (习近平), saying that since the establishment of diplomatic relations, Greece and China have been carrying out mutually beneficial cooperation on the basis of mutual respect and mutual trust, and have been supporting each other on issues involving each other's core interests and major concerns. The commemorative activities for the 80th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression held by China and the four major global initiatives proposed by President Xi Jinping (习近平) sent a firm and powerful voice to the world, which is of great significance for maintaining world peace and stability. Greece is willing to strengthen cooperation with China in international and multilateral fields. Corruption is a common enemy of mankind. Greece admires the determination of the Communist Party of China to fight corruption and is willing to strengthen anti-corruption cooperation with China.
During the meeting with Kaklamanis, Li Xi said that China is willing to work with Greece to jointly implement the important consensus reached by the leaders of the two countries, tighten the two bonds of mutually beneficial cooperation and cultural exchanges, and strengthen exchanges in various fields and at all levels. Kaklamanis said that Greece and China are both ancient civilizations with huge potential for pragmatic cooperation. The Greek Parliament is willing to strengthen exchanges and dialogue with Chinese legislative bodies.
During the meeting with Hatzidakis, Li Xi said that China is willing to work with Greece to enhance political mutual trust, deepen pragmatic cooperation, and strengthen people-to-people and cultural exchanges. China-Europe cooperation is an important driving force for the sustained growth of the world economy, and it is hoped that Greece will continue to play a constructive role in the development of China-Europe relations. Hatzidakis said that projects such as the Port of Piraeus (比雷埃夫斯港) have strongly promoted Greece's economic and social development. The door of Greece is always open to China, and more Chinese companies are welcome to invest in Greece. Greece will continue to firmly adhere to the one-China principle.
During the meeting with Skrekas, Li Xi said that the Communist Party of China is currently leading the people to comprehensively promote Chinese-style modernization. We are willing to deepen exchanges with the New Democracy party on the experience of governing the party and the country, so as to better benefit the people of the two countries. Li Xi introduced the situation of the Communist Party of China's comprehensive and strict governance of the party, saying that the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has incorporated the comprehensive and strict governance of the party into the "Four Comprehensives" strategic layout, starting with the formulation and implementation of the Central Eight-Point Regulation, adhering to the simultaneous focus on party spirit, party conduct, and party discipline, connecting the rectification of conduct and discipline with anti-corruption, making the party stronger and more powerful in revolutionary tempering, and winning the heartfelt support of the people. Skrekas said that the New Democracy party is optimistic about China's development prospects, attaches importance to exchanges and cooperation with the Communist Party of China, and is willing to actively promote Greece-China friendship and contribute to jointly safeguarding world peace and addressing global challenges.
Li Xi also attended the opening ceremony of the China-Greece Civilization Exchange and Mutual Learning Dialogue and delivered a speech, and inspected the Port of Piraeus (比雷埃夫斯港) project.
Return to TopBy: 本报评论员
"The Party's Governance Strategy for Xinjiang in the New Era Guides the Historical Leap in the Modernization of the Border Governance System and Governance Capacity." The State Council Information Office released "The Successful Practice of the Party's Governance Strategy for Xinjiang in the New Era," systematically reviewing the formation and development, core essence, and principles of the Party's Governance Strategy for Xinjiang in the New Era. It comprehensively showcases the great achievements of Xinjiang's reform, development, and stability in the new era with detailed data and a wealth of facts, emphasizing that "a correct path has been found to coordinate development and security in the border region, steadily advance the Xinjiang practice of Chinese-style modernization, and achieve the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security in Xinjiang."
Border security is a major national affair. Our Party has always attached great importance to Xinjiang work. In the historical periods of revolution, construction, and reform, it has drawn on historical experiences and lessons in governing Xinjiang, continuously innovated and developed the concept of governing Xinjiang, and united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to usher in a great leap from standing up, getting rich, to becoming strong along with the people of the whole country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has made systematic plans and deployments for Xinjiang work from the overall and strategic height of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, continuously deepened its understanding and grasp of the laws of governing Xinjiang, established the Party's Governance Strategy for Xinjiang in the New Era, and promoted historical achievements and historical changes in various undertakings in Xinjiang, which has milestone significance in the history of the Party's Xinjiang work and in the history of Xinjiang's development.
This is a remarkable miracle in history. All 3,064,900 rural impoverished people have been lifted out of poverty, and all 35 impoverished counties have been removed from the poverty list, historically resolving the problem of absolute poverty that has plagued Xinjiang for thousands of years. By implementing development to improve people's livelihoods, benefit the local area, and enhance unity, the average life expectancy in Xinjiang has increased from 30 years in 1949 to 77 years in 2024, and the sense of gain, happiness, and security of the people of all ethnic groups has been significantly enhanced.
This is a solid step of steady progress and positive development. The region's gross domestic product increased from 749.947 billion yuan in 2012 to 2,053.408 billion yuan in 2024, exceeding 2 trillion yuan for the first time. "Xinjiang electricity transmission to other regions" brings gold and silver mountains, "Xinjiang computing integrated into Chongqing (重庆)" creates an innovation highland, "green scarves" create new miracles in desertification prevention and control, and "steel camel teams" continue to write new legends of the Silk Road. Today, Xinjiang's high-quality development and high-level opening-up are advancing in coordination.
This is a unity of purpose of "embracing each other tightly like pomegranate seeds." Deeply promoting the rule of law in counter-terrorism and stability maintenance on a regular basis, the overall social situation has achieved a historic transformation from chaos to stability and from stability to governance. Promoting co-residence, co-study, co-construction, and co-sharing, creating a number of dispute resolution positions such as "horseback mediation rooms" and "gaiwan tea mediation rooms," and resolving problems at the grassroots level and resolving them in their infancy. Consolidating and developing the cause of ethnic unity and progress, and continuously forging a sense of community of the Chinese nation.
…………
In upholding principles and innovating amidst complexity, and advancing victoriously amidst contradictions and risks, the great achievements of Xinjiang's reform, development, and stability in the new era have been achieved under the guidance of the Party's Governance Strategy for Xinjiang in the New Era, fully demonstrating the decisive significance of the "two establishments." Today's Xinjiang is in the best period of development in history, with a new atmosphere of stability, harmony, and vigorous development in both the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山). Practice has fully proved that the Party's Governance Strategy for Xinjiang in the New Era is completely correct. It is a concentrated embodiment of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era regarding Xinjiang work. It is a summary, refinement, innovation, and development of the successful experience of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) in leading the people to govern, stabilize, and revitalize Xinjiang. It is a broad road that guides Xinjiang's work to move steadily and far, and it is the key and soul for doing a good job in Xinjiang in the new era.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "Xinjiang work has a particularly important position in the overall work of the Party and the country, and it is related to the overall situation of building a strong country and national rejuvenation." In the new era and new journey, to fully and accurately implement the Party's Governance Strategy for Xinjiang in the New Era, it is necessary to firmly grasp Xinjiang's strategic positioning in the overall national situation, focus on the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security, take forging a sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, and deepen, refine, and implement various tasks of governing Xinjiang by law, stabilizing Xinjiang through unity, nourishing Xinjiang with culture, enriching the people and revitalizing Xinjiang, and building Xinjiang for a long time. It is necessary to steadily advance the fundamental, foundational, and long-term work related to long-term peace and stability, plan for long-term strategies, take measures to strengthen the foundation, build a momentum for lasting peace, and achieve a long-term cause, so as to better build a united, harmonious, prosperous, affluent, civilized, progressive, peaceful, and ecologically sound beautiful Xinjiang in the process of Chinese-style modernization.
The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is unstoppable. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区). The people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are working together with the people of the whole country to forge ahead with high spirits on a new journey of comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese-style modernization. With the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, and with the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, seeking progress while maintaining stability, making continuous efforts, and working persistently, the future of Xinjiang, China (中国新疆), will surely be even more brilliant and splendid.
(The full text of the White Paper "The Successful Practice of the Party's Governance Strategy for Xinjiang in the New Era" can be found on pages 2, 4, and 5)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 徐 隽
Reader Concerns
I am a delivery driver and sometimes hear about my colleagues getting into lawsuits due to traffic accidents while delivering food. What laws and regulations can protect our rights?
"Employment is a matter of family affairs, but even more so, a matter of national affairs."
In recent years, new forms of employment have developed rapidly in China. According to data from the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (全国总工会): new forms of employment laborers have reached 84 million, accounting for 21% of the total number of employees. At the same time, the protection of the rights and interests of new forms of employment laborers also faces new problems and challenges.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "Strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of flexible employment and new forms of employment laborers, expand the pilot program for occupational injury protection, and promptly summarize experience and form a system."
Strengthening and innovating institutional supply—
Chen (陈), a delivery driver from Zhangzhou (漳州), Fujian (福建) Province, was injured in a traffic accident while making a delivery. He submitted an application for occupational injury benefits through the platform's "one-click reporting" service. Relevant departments quickly confirmed and completed the review and allocation of medical expenses. This is the first benefit payment since the launch of the occupational injury protection pilot program in Fujian Province.
In April of this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (人力资源社会保障部) and other 9 departments jointly issued the "Notice on Expanding the Pilot Program for Occupational Injury Protection for New Forms of Employment Personnel," deciding to promote the expansion of the pilot program in stages and gradually over 3 years. The occupational injury protection "tailor-made" for new forms of employment laborers not only draws on the inclusiveness of social security but also takes into account the flexibility of platform laborers.
Protecting legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law—
The Supreme People's Court (最高人民法院) released the first batch of guiding cases on labor disputes in new forms of employment. A company in Jiangsu (江苏) Province required delivery driver Sheng (圣) to register as a "self-employed business" before signing an agreement with him. Sheng (圣) was injured in a traffic accident while delivering food and had a dispute with the company. The court held that if there is a labor relationship and a dominant labor management relationship, the existence of a labor relationship should be recognized in accordance with the law.
"By unifying the standards for the application of law through case guidance, we can effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of laborers; at the same time, we can promote the healthy and orderly development of the platform economy and promote the prevention and proper resolution of labor relationship disputes in the field of new forms of employment," said Zhou Jiahai (周加海), director of the Research Office of the Supreme People's Court.
In May of this year, the "Working Guidelines for Jointly Protecting the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Laborers" was issued. "We will increase legal aid to laborers, especially migrant workers, flexible employment personnel, and new forms of employment laborers, and provide assistance to all eligible laborers," said the relevant person in charge of the Public Legal Service Administration of the Ministry of Justice (司法部).
Promoting algorithm transparency and fairness—
Working in the "cloud," in data, and in systems is a characteristic of new forms of employment laborers. The State Administration for Market Regulation (市场监管总局) and the State Internet Information Office (国家网信办) issued the "Guiding Opinions on Implementing the Responsibilities of Online Catering Platforms and Effectively Protecting the Rights and Interests of Food Delivery Personnel," requiring that the "strictest algorithm" not be used as an assessment requirement and improving the platform's order distribution mechanism.
The relevant person in charge of the State Internet Information Office (国家网信办) stated that it is necessary to strengthen algorithm governance, urge platforms to establish long-term mechanisms, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the platform economy.
From the "new forms of employment" proposed at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to the emphasis on "strengthening the protection of the rights and interests of flexible employment and new forms of employment laborers" in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (党的二十大), and then to the "improving the social security system for flexible employment personnel, migrant workers, and new forms of employment personnel" proposed in the "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee (党的二十届三中全会《决定》), the atmosphere of the whole society caring for and caring about new forms of employment laborers is getting stronger and stronger, and the institutional network for the protection of rights and interests is becoming increasingly dense.
Return to TopThe 22nd China-ASEAN Expo welcomed its public open day on September 20th, with citizens and tourists flocking to the Nanning International Convention and Exhibition Center (广西南宁国际会展中心) in Nanning, Guangxi (广西南宁) to visit and shop.
Since its opening on September 17th in Nanning (南宁), the Expo has attracted thousands of enterprises to this autumn rendezvous. The total exhibition area of 160,000 square meters showcases the new achievements of open cooperation between China and ASEAN.
The photo shows people visiting Nixing pottery works on September 20th.
Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhou Tinglu (周汀鹭) photographed.
Return to TopBy: 鲁 哲
The National Cultural Talents Project includes women who account for 45.2%, and female representatives of national intangible cultural heritage account for 25%... The white paper "The Practice and Achievements of Promoting the Comprehensive Development of Women in China in the New Era" recently released vividly reveals the important role of women in creating spiritual wealth.
Ma Huijuan "typed" out the story of rural changes with her mobile phone, and Li Juan's writings about the life of frontier herdsmen aroused people's yearning... Female literary and art workers use delicate strokes to sing the main theme of literature and art in the new era.
In the cause of cultural heritage protection, there are both older generation guardians like Fan Jinshi (樊锦诗) who have dedicated their lives to Dunhuang culture, and a relay of a new generation of female representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage. Countless "she's" promote the integration of outstanding Chinese traditional culture into contemporary life and the world with a new attitude.
Young actress Chen Lijun (陈丽君) helped the century-old Yue Opera "break the circle," and a large number of female leaders transformed local natural and cultural resources into cultural products and industries... Women in all walks of life stimulate cultural innovation and creativity, and empower economic and social development.
The new era is a great era for women to better display their talents. Actively giving play to the cultural power of women will surely provide more aesthetic inspiration, enrich the spiritual world of the people, and contribute to the construction of a strong cultural country.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Shanghai, September 20th (Reporter) The 2025 Pujiang Innovation Forum opened in Shanghai (上海) on the 20th. Liu Guozhong (刘国中), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech.
Liu Guozhong (刘国中) stated that President Xi Jinping (习近平) attaches great importance to scientific and technological innovation, emphasizing that innovation is the primary driving force for leading development. In recent years, China (中国) has thoroughly implemented the innovation-driven development strategy, deepened international scientific and technological exchange and cooperation, and promoted the development of science and technology, achieving remarkable accomplishments. China (中国) will set its sights on the goal of building a strong country in science and technology, strengthen basic research and key technological breakthroughs, and enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, providing strong support for the high-quality development of the economy and society.
Liu Guozhong (刘国中) expressed that China (中国) is willing to work with all countries to jointly build a global science and technology community and create a better future. He put forward four suggestions: First, jointly build an open and inclusive international innovation network, promote the smooth flow of various elements, and create an open, fair, just, and non-discriminatory environment for scientific and technological development. Second, jointly address major global challenges, strengthen in-depth collaboration and joint scientific research on issues such as climate change and human health. Third, jointly promote the mutual benefit and sharing of scientific and technological achievements, strengthen the promotion and application of information technology in key areas of people's livelihoods, and allow the fruits of scientific and technological innovation to benefit the people of all countries more broadly. Fourth, jointly improve the global science and technology governance system, practice global governance initiatives, and oppose the politicization and securitization of scientific and technological cooperation.
First Deputy Prime Minister Snopkov of Belarus (白俄罗斯), the guest of honor country at this forum, and Chen Jining (陈吉宁), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Shanghai (上海) Municipal Party Committee, attended the opening ceremony and delivered speeches.
After the opening ceremony, Liu Guozhong (刘国中), Snopkov, and others visited the China-Belarus (中白) Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Achievement Exhibition and attended the closing ceremony of the "2024-2025 China-Belarus (中白) Science and Technology Innovation Year."
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 易舒冉
On September 19th, the State Council Information Office held a press conference to release the white paper "The Success of the Party's Governance Strategy for Xinjiang in the New Era."
"This white paper systematically introduces the historical context, main points, and successful practices of the Party's governance strategy for Xinjiang in the new era. With rich historical materials and detailed data, it fully demonstrates where the Party's governance strategy for Xinjiang in the new era comes from, why the historic achievements of Xinjiang's economic and social development in the new era have been achieved, and how the chapter of the Communist Party of China's governance of Xinjiang in the new era can be continued, to help everyone better understand the Party's governance strategy for Xinjiang in the new era," said Wang Gang (王纲), Deputy Minister of the Central Propaganda Department (中宣部).
Strengthening the sense of community of the Chinese nation is the main theme of the Party's ethnic work in the new era, and also the main theme of various tasks in ethnic regions. Erkin Tuniyaz (艾尔肯·吐尼亚孜), Deputy Secretary of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区) Party Committee and Chairman of the Autonomous Region, introduced that in recent years, Xinjiang has widely carried out the creation of ethnic unity and progress, creating various activity carriers such as "Strengthening the Community, Realizing the Chinese Dream" and "Ethnic Unity as One Family," and has built 471 patriotic education bases of various levels and types, 101 national ethnic unity and progress demonstration zones and demonstration units, and 14 national ethnic unity and progress education bases. The flower of ethnic unity is blooming everywhere in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山).
"Last year, the gross regional product of Xinjiang exceeded 2 trillion yuan for the first time." Mentioning Xinjiang's economic and social development, Chen Weijun (陈伟俊), member of the Standing Committee of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区) Party Committee and Executive Vice Chairman of the Autonomous Region, said that Xinjiang's total import and export volume has reached a new historical high, reaching 434.16 billion yuan last year. From 2022 to 2024, the total import and export volume has crossed three 100 billion yuan thresholds in a row.
The Party's governance strategy for Xinjiang in the new era clearly puts forward the development thought of adhering to the people-centered approach, and requires focusing on promoting economic and social development and improving people's livelihoods around the people of all ethnic groups living and working in peace and contentment. At the press conference, Wang Jianxin (王建新), member of the Standing Committee of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区) Party Committee and Minister of the Propaganda Department, focused on introducing the breakthrough progress made in Xinjiang's education cause. Wang Jianxin (王建新) said, looking at the fairness and quality of basic education, Xinjiang has one kindergarten for every 106 children, one primary school for every 817 primary school students, and the gross enrollment rate in senior high school has reached 97.74%; looking at the support and contribution of higher education, the number of ordinary colleges and universities in Xinjiang has increased from 39 in 2012 to 63 in 2024, and this year it has increased by 3 more, reaching 66; looking at the specialty and employment of vocational education, in 2024, the scale of students in various vocational schools in Xinjiang reached 575,000, an increase of 60.69% compared with 2012, further deepening the integration of industry and education, and school-enterprise cooperation.
The white paper "The Success of the Party's Governance Strategy for Xinjiang in the New Era" says that Xinjiang's high-quality development and high-level opening-up are advancing synergistically.
In recent years, Xinjiang has adhered to the unswerving strategy of opening up to the outside world. Xinjiang's policy, location, and development advantages have continued to be released, and it has changed from a relatively closed inland area to a frontier of opening up to the outside world, becoming an important gateway for China to open to the west. "We have opened 119 bilateral international road transport routes and 10 multilateral international road freight routes; in 2024, 16,400 China-Europe (Asia) freight trains passed through, and have remained above 10,000 trains for five consecutive years," said Chen Weijun (陈伟俊).
Stability is the foundation of development. "Xinjiang's stability is based on stability on the track of the rule of law," said Erkin Tuniyaz (艾尔肯·吐尼亚孜). We adhere to governing Xinjiang according to law, and constantly consolidate the legal foundation for long-term peace and stability. For example, highlighting the role of the rule of law in maintaining social stability, ensuring ethnic unity and religious harmony, and unswervingly promoting the legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance. At the same time, we adhere to people's livelihood as the foundation, and gather the hearts and minds for long-term peace and stability.
"Under the guidance of the Party's governance strategy for Xinjiang in the new era, the development of the entire Xinjiang has been implemented in every inch of land in Xinjiang, in every family, and in every person," said Wang Gang (王纲).
Return to TopBy: 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
Table of Contents
Preface
I. Historical Concepts and Experiences of Central Governments in Governing Xinjiang (新疆)
——Placing the Governance of Xinjiang (新疆) within the Overall Context of National Governance
——Respecting the Concept of Great Unification
——Strengthening Xinjiang's (新疆) Governance Based on Local Conditions
——Vigorously Developing and Constructing Xinjiang (新疆)
——Promoting Ethnic Integration and Religious Coexistence
——Uniting People of All Ethnic Groups with Outstanding Traditional Chinese Culture
II. The Glorious History of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in Governing Xinjiang (新疆)
——Active Exploration during the New Democratic Revolution
——Comprehensive Development during the Socialist Revolution and Construction Period
——In-depth Advancement during the New Period of Reform and Opening Up and Socialist Modernization
——Socialism with Chinese Characteristics Enters a New Era
III. The Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the New Era Opens a New Chapter in Governing Xinjiang (新疆)
——The Formation and Development of the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the New Era
——The Core Essence of the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the New Era
——The Principle Requirements of the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the New Era
IV. The Foundation for Social Stability and Lasting Peace and Security is More Solid
——Significant Achievements in the Anti-Separatism Struggle
——The Rule of Law in Anti-Terrorism and Stability Maintenance is Steadily Advancing
——Counter-Sanctions and Counter-Interference are Implemented Precisely
——Social Governance Effectiveness is Significantly Improved
V. The Construction of the Chinese National Community is Deeply Advanced
——The Shared Spiritual Home of the Chinese Nation is Accelerating Construction
——Exchanges, Interactions, and Integration among Ethnic Groups are Closer
——The Cause of Ethnic Unity and Progress is Consolidated and Developed
——The Sinicization of Religion in China is Steadily Advancing
VI. The Construction of Democracy and the Rule of Law is Continuously Deepened
——Significant Achievements in Whole-Process People's Democracy
——The Advantages of the System of Ethnic Regional Autonomy are Further Demonstrated
——Major Progress has been Made in the Construction of the Rule of Law
——The Level of Human Rights Protection is Continuously Improving
VII. High-Quality Development and High-Level Opening-Up are Advancing Synergistically
——Sustained, Healthy, and Rapid Economic Development
——Comprehensive Strengthening of Infrastructure Construction
——The Cluster Effect of the Modern Industrial System is Fully Demonstrated
——The Underlying Tone of Green and Low-Carbon Development is More Pronounced
——The Construction of the Core Area of the Silk Road Economic Belt is Accelerating
VIII. Significant Achievements in Cultural Development
——Cultural Heritage has been Effectively Protected
——Cultural and Artistic Creation is Flourishing
——The Public Cultural Service System is Improving
——The Cultural Tourism Industry is Accelerating Development
IX. People's Well-being is Continuously Improving
——A Comprehensive Victory has been Achieved in Poverty Alleviation
——Employment is Continuously Improving
——Education is Developing in All Aspects
——The Health Service System is Sound and Optimized
——The Social Security Network is Further Densely Woven and Solidified
X. The Powerful Force for Building Xinjiang (新疆) is Continuously Gathering
——Strong Support from the Party and the State Lays the Foundation for Xinjiang's (新疆) Development
——Paired Assistance to Xinjiang (新疆) Work is Improving in Quality and Efficiency
——The Integrated Development of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (兵团) and Local Areas Injects New Momentum
——Working Together to Build a Beautiful Homeland
Conclusion
Preface
A thousand miles of territory, where the people dwell. Border security is a crucial national matter.
The Chinese nation is a great nation with a civilization of over five thousand years. Our various ethnic groups have worked tirelessly, overcoming obstacles, jointly developing the vast territory of the motherland, jointly creating a unified multi-ethnic country, jointly writing a glorious Chinese history, jointly creating a splendid Chinese culture, and jointly cultivating a great national spirit.
Xinjiang (新疆), known as the Western Regions in ancient times, has been an inseparable part of Chinese territory since ancient times and an important gateway for Chinese civilization to open to the world. Central governments of past dynasties established official institutions, stationed troops, and carried out land reclamation to consolidate the borders, accumulating rich historical experience in thousands of years of exploration and practice.
Since its establishment, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) has taken seeking happiness for the Chinese people, including the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆), and seeking the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, including all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆), as its original aspiration and mission. In the historical periods of revolution, construction, and reform, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) has drawn on historical experiences and lessons in governing Xinjiang (新疆), continuously innovating and developing the concept of governing Xinjiang (新疆), endowing Xinjiang (新疆) work with new era connotations and missions, and promoting Xinjiang's (新疆) reform and development, ethnic unity, social progress, improvement of people's livelihood, and consolidation of border defense, achieving significant achievements.
Entering the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has examined, planned, and deployed Xinjiang (新疆) work from the overall and strategic height of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, continuously deepening the understanding and grasp of the laws of governing Xinjiang (新疆), clarifying the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security, establishing the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era, leading Xinjiang (新疆) work to adhere to principles and innovate amidst complex situations, and advance victoriously amidst contradictions and risks, promoting Xinjiang's (新疆) various undertakings to achieve historic achievements and undergo historic changes.
I. Historical Concepts and Experiences of Central Governments in Governing Xinjiang (新疆)
Chinese central governments throughout history have always respected the concept of great unification, placing the Xinjiang (新疆) region under the framework of national unification for governance, maintaining social stability, promoting development and construction, and promoting ethnic and cultural integration. This has accumulated a profound historical awareness and firm common belief that the territory cannot be divided, the country cannot be chaotic, the ethnic groups cannot be scattered, and the civilization cannot be interrupted, and has accumulated the concepts and experiences of the Chinese nation in governing border regions.
Placing the Governance of Xinjiang (新疆) within the Overall Context of National Governance. Xinjiang (新疆) is the sacred territory of China. In 60 BC, the Han Dynasty established the Western Regions Protectorate (西域都护府), pioneering the effective jurisdiction and governance of the Xinjiang (新疆) region by the central government. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Former Liang regime established the Gaochang Prefecture (高昌郡) (Turpan Basin), first promoting the prefecture-county system to the Western Regions. During the Sui Dynasty, the Shanshan (鄯善), Qiemo (且末), and Yiwu (伊吾) Prefectures were established, expanding the scope of the prefecture-county system in the Xinjiang (新疆) region. During the Tang Dynasty, the Anxi (安西) and Beiting (北庭) Great Protectorates were established successively, governing both the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. During the Liao, Song, Xia, and Jin Dynasties, the Liao established the Khotan (于阗) Royal Palace, the Gaochang (高昌) Kingdom Royal Palace, and the Arslan Uyghur (阿萨兰回鹘) Royal Palace, effectively governing the Western Regions. During the Yuan Dynasty, the provincial system was implemented in the Western Regions, and later the Beiting (北庭) Grand Marshal's Office and the Pacification Commissioner's Office were established to manage military and political affairs. During the Ming Dynasty, the Hami (哈密) Garrison was established to manage Western Regions affairs. During the Qing Dynasty, the Yili (伊犁) General was established to implement a more systematic governance of the Xinjiang (新疆) region; in 1884, the Qing government established a province in the Xinjiang (新疆) region, taking the meaning of "the old land returning anew," and renamed the Western Regions as "Xinjiang (新疆)." In 1912, Xinjiang (新疆) actively responded to the Xinhai Revolution (辛亥革命) and became a province of the Republic of China (中华民国). In Chinese history, the central dynasties have been strong and weak at different times, and the relationship with the Western Regions has been close and distant. The central government's control over the Xinjiang (新疆) region has been tight and loose, but every dynasty has regarded the Western Regions as an inseparable part of the territory, exercising jurisdiction over the region. Safeguarding the unity of the motherland is the sacred mission of the central government.
Respecting the Concept of Great Unification. The Chinese nation has always adhered to the concepts of "harmony within the six directions, nine provinces connected" and "universal harmony" since ancient times, regarding great unification as the "constant principle of heaven and earth, the common meaning of ancient and modern times." Central governments of past dynasties have continuously strengthened the concept of great unification through measures such as establishing governance systems, constructing military defenses, leading economic development, and setting an example for etiquette and order. Historically, local regimes in the Western Regions generally had a strong sense of Chinese unity, either considering themselves branches of the Central Plains regime or being subordinate to the Central Plains regime. During the Han Dynasty, King Yanchang (延常) of Shache (莎车) taught his son, "You should serve the Han family in this era and not betray them." During the Tang Dynasty, the various tribes in the northwest all revered Emperor Taizong of Tang (唐太宗) as "Heavenly Khan." During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, local regimes in the Western Regions, such as the Yarkand Khanate (叶尔羌汗国), frequently visited the central government and called the road to the court "the golden road." The long-term tradition of great unification in Chinese civilization determines that national unity is always the core of China's core interests and that a strong and unified country is the destiny of all ethnic groups.
Strengthening Xinjiang's (新疆) Governance Based on Local Conditions. Chinese central governments throughout history have attached great importance to border governance, governing according to local conditions and customs under the premise of political unity. From the Grand Herald (大鸿胪) of the Han Dynasty to the Court of State Ceremonial (鸿胪寺) of the Tang and Song Dynasties, to the Xuanzheng Yuan (宣政院) of the Yuan Dynasty and the Court of Colonial Affairs (理藩院) of the Qing Dynasty, central governments of past dynasties have established special agencies to manage ethnic affairs in the border regions. During the Han Dynasty, the jurisdiction and governance of the Western Regions were strengthened, and the heads and officials of subordinate local regimes were granted titles and seals to maintain the ruling order and enhance centralism. During the Tang Dynasty, the same prefecture-county system as in the Central Plains was implemented in the Yizhou (伊州), Xizhou (西州), and Tingzhou (庭州) regions; in the areas west of the three prefectures, local tribal leaders were appointed as governors and prefects, who obeyed central instructions, shouldered the mission of the imperial court, guarded the country, and dispatched troops to assist in battles. During the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners, prefectures and counties, Begs, and Jasaks systems under the military government system were implemented, and the governance was more systematic and perfect. After Xinjiang (新疆) became a province, the prefecture-county system was fully implemented to achieve administrative unity. Dynasties combined unified political order with governance according to local customs to ensure smooth governance and effective jurisdiction by the central government.
Vigorously Developing and Constructing Xinjiang (新疆). Chinese central governments throughout history have attached importance to the development and construction of Xinjiang (新疆). The Western Regions' land reclamation began in the Han Dynasty, and by the Tang Dynasty, land reclamation was spread throughout the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. During the Qing Dynasty, the scale of land reclamation in Xinjiang (新疆) exceeded 10 million mu. Water conservancy flourished accordingly. The Milan (米兰) site in Ruoqiang County (若羌县) preserves relatively complete Han Dynasty water conservancy facilities. During the Tang Dynasty, the Tao Tuo Institute (掏拓所) and the Water Official Tao Tuo Envoy (水官掏拓使) were established to manage water conservancy. During the Qing Dynasty, water conservancy construction was actively carried out in Xinjiang (新疆), rivers and canals were dredged, and karez wells were promoted. By the end of the Guangxu (光绪) period of the Qing Dynasty, the total length of canals north and south of the Tianshan Mountains exceeded 70,000 li, with a total irrigation capacity of over 10 million mu. Xinjiang (新疆) has been a key point of the Silk Road since ancient times. Central governments of past dynasties "set up post stations on key roads" to maintain the safety of trade routes and ensure trade exchanges. The Silk Road, stretching for thousands of miles, saw "envoys looking at each other on the road, and merchants never ceasing to travel," lasting for thousands of years. With the active trade, a number of towns, such as Khotan (于阗), Kashgar (疏勒), Xizhou (西州), Tingzhou (庭州), Huiyuan (惠远), and Dihua (迪化), were successively built in the Xinjiang (新疆) region, bringing economic development and population growth. Continuously developing and constructing Xinjiang (新疆) has laid an important material foundation for achieving border stability and governance.
Promoting Ethnic Integration and Religious Coexistence. Chinese central governments throughout history have regarded handling ethnic and religious affairs well as the key to governing Xinjiang (新疆). In each historical period, a large number of people of different ethnic groups entered and left the Xinjiang (新疆) region. After long-term birth, differentiation, exchange, and integration, the ethnic groups formed a relationship of blood thicker than water and sharing weal and woe, and all made important contributions to the development, construction, and defense of Xinjiang (新疆). The Liu Pingguo (刘平国) stone inscription of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the 883 Tang Dynasty documents unearthed from the Kyyakkuduk (克亚克库都克) beacon tower in Yuli County (尉犁县) record the vivid scenes of various ethnic groups jointly guarding the border. During the Qing Dynasty, Manchu, Han, Hui, Mongolian (Chahar), Xibe, and Solon soldiers and civilians were transferred to Xinjiang (新疆) with their families to garrison and cultivate land, consolidating the northwest border defense. The Xinjiang (新疆) region has always had a variety of religions coexisting, and central governments of past dynasties have incorporated the management of religious affairs into the national governance system. During the Tang Dynasty, the Chief Monk Administrator (都僧统) was established to manage Buddhist affairs in the four towns of Anxi (安西). During the Qing Dynasty, the "Imperially Approved Regulations for the Muslim Regions" (钦定回疆则例) was promulgated, stipulating that the Motisep Beg (摩提色布伯克) should handle Islamic religious affairs and not interfere in civil affairs. Chinese civilization is a common culture gathered from diverse cultures, which fundamentally determines the historical orientation of exchanges, interactions, and integration among ethnic groups in China and determines the harmonious pattern of diverse religious beliefs coexisting in China.
Uniting People of All Ethnic Groups with Outstanding Traditional Chinese Culture. Chinese central governments throughout history have regarded promoting mainstream values and outstanding traditional Chinese culture as an indispensable and important part of governing Xinjiang (新疆). The formation and development of Chinese culture cannot be separated from the maintenance of Chinese characters. After the Western Han Dynasty unified the Western Regions, the Chinese language and characters began to be promoted and have been circulating in the Xinjiang (新疆) region ever since. Confucianism has had a profound influence on the Western Regions. By the Tang Dynasty, Confucian classics had been widely circulated, and a large number of manuscript fragments of the "Book of Songs," "Book of Documents," "Book of Rites," and "Analects" were unearthed in Turpan (吐鲁番). The Central Plains' codes and institutions were implemented in Xinjiang (新疆), and Chinese institutional culture, including the Zhou Rites, took root in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. The "Great Qing Code" (大清律例) was widely used. In modern times, facing the unprecedented crisis of national subjugation and extinction, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) and the people of all ethnic groups in the country jointly resisted foreign aggression and went to the national crisis together, and the national identity of all ethnic groups reached a new height. The cultures of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) have been marked with the imprint of the unity in diversity of Chinese culture from the beginning. Chinese culture has always been the emotional support, spiritual home, and source of motivation for the cultural development of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆).
The Chinese central government's governance of Xinjiang (新疆) has undergone more than two thousand years of historical development. Different methods have been adopted in different periods, and Xinjiang (新疆) has always been an indispensable and important part of China's unified multi-ethnic country. Objectively speaking, the concepts and measures of governing Xinjiang (新疆) by central governments of past dynasties also had limitations of the times, and the governance of Xinjiang (新疆) was strong and weak at times, and the accuracy and effectiveness of governance were insufficient. Especially in modern times, under the instigation and support of foreign forces, separatist activities have occurred from time to time. History calls for those who can truly lead the Chinese nation to achieve national independence, people's liberation, and the mission of great rejuvenation. This glorious mission has fallen on the shoulders of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) without any doubt.
II. The Glorious History of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in Governing Xinjiang (新疆)
Since its establishment, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) has been deeply concerned about the land of Xinjiang (新疆) and has always been concerned about the future and destiny of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆). Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) have gone from liberation and becoming masters of their own affairs to embarking on the socialist road, from reform and opening up and comprehensive well-being to embarking on a new journey of Chinese-style modernization, and have joined the people of the whole country in ushering in a great leap from standing up, getting rich, to becoming strong. Over the past hundred years, the Chinese Communists have explored in succession, continuously promoting theoretical innovation, practical innovation, and institutional innovation, and have continuously deepened their understanding and grasp of the laws of governing Xinjiang (新疆).
Active Exploration during the New Democratic Revolution. During this period, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) in heroic struggle and unyielding spirit, achieving liberation and becoming masters of their own affairs. In July 1921, the Communist Party was born in China, which was a major event since the beginning of the world. Since then, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆), like the people of the whole country, have had a backbone. In the early days of its establishment, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) turned its attention to Xinjiang (新疆), gave clear importance to the Xinjiang (新疆) issue, and a group of Communists entered the Xinjiang (新疆) region, spreading Marxism, sowing the seeds of revolution, opening up people's minds, and awakening consciousness. During the all-out War of Resistance Against Japan, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) held high the banner of the anti-Japanese national united front, led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) to actively carry out the anti-Japanese fundraising movement, guaranteed the international aid to China transportation line, built the great rear area of the War of Resistance, and actively participated in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. In August 1938, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) donated money to purchase 10 fighter planes, named "Xinjiang (新疆) Aircraft," to support the anti-Japanese front. Under the influence and leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), the overall consciousness of the Chinese nation among the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) was unprecedentedly enhanced, and a group of advanced elements actively joined the revolutionary torrent. With the decisive victory of the Liberation War, the CPC Central Committee made the wise decision to peacefully liberate Xinjiang (新疆), and the People's Liberation Army triumphantly entered Xinjiang (新疆), breaking the imperialists' and ethnic separatists' delusion of dismembering China and safeguarding the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. This was a major victory in the cause of national reunification and a historical turning point in the unity and progress of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆).
The comprehensive unfolding of the socialist revolution and construction period. During this period, the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党) united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) to fight against nature and transform the world, achieving a historic leap towards socialist society. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) was founded, and the Chinese people stood up, ushering in a new era in Xinjiang's history. On December 17 of the same year, the Xinjiang Provincial People's Government (新疆省人民政府) was officially established. The Chinese Communist Party led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to consolidate the newly established people's democratic regime, establish a new type of socialist ethnic relations, abolish the feudal land system, cautiously and steadily promote comprehensive social reforms, complete the socialist transformation, establish the socialist system in Xinjiang, and Xinjiang, along with the rest of the country, strode into socialist society, achieving the most profound and greatest changes in Xinjiang's history. On October 7, 1954, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (新疆生产建设兵团) of the People's Liberation Army Xinjiang Military Region (中国人民解放军新疆军区) was established, with 100,000 troops stationed in Xinjiang turning swords into ploughshares and reclaiming land to guard the frontier. On October 1, 1955, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区) was proclaimed, a milestone event in the history of Xinjiang's development and another great victory for the Chinese Communist Party's ethnic policy. In order to change the face of poverty and backwardness as soon as possible, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang relied on their own efforts and strived for progress, while the people of the whole country were concerned about the border areas and provided full support. Xinjiang's industrial system was initially established, agricultural production conditions were significantly improved, and education, science, health, transportation, and water conservancy undertakings were greatly developed, achieving a historic leap from a state of 百废待兴 (bǎi fèi dài xīng - "a hundred wastes waiting to be revived," a situation where everything needs to be rebuilt and developed) to a prosperous state, achieving great achievements in socialist revolution and construction, and creating a human miracle of "daring to teach the sun and moon to change to a new sky."
The in-depth advancement of the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. During this period, the Chinese Communist Party united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang with high spirits and determination to forge ahead, striding onto the broad road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In December 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party (党的十一届三中全会) was held, achieving a great turning point of far-reaching significance in the history of the Party since the founding of New China, and the tide of reform and opening up surged across the 1.66 million square kilometers of Xinjiang. In December 1981, the central government decided to restore the establishment of the Corps, and the name was changed to "Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps." With the start and development of reform, the Party Central Committee emphasized that Xinjiang had great potential and should accelerate modernization, promote the common prosperity of all ethnic groups, vigorously support Xinjiang in implementing the strategy of converting superior resources, promote the strategic shift of the focus of Xinjiang's work, comprehensively launch rural and urban reforms, attract foreign investment and link up with domestic resources to promote opening up, and the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山) radiated a new atmosphere. After the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee of the Party (党的十三届四中全会), the Party Central Committee emphasized that the development and stability of Xinjiang was a major issue concerning the overall situation, and it was necessary to promote the development and prosperity of Xinjiang and long-term peace and stability, organize national counterpart support for Xinjiang, promote Xinjiang to establish and improve the socialist market economic system, seize the strategic opportunity of the Western Development Strategy, and create a new situation of comprehensive reform and opening up. After the Sixteenth National Congress of the Party (党的十六大), the Party Central Committee emphasized that it was necessary to unswervingly promote Xinjiang's reform and opening up and socialist modernization, unswervingly maintain the overall social stability of Xinjiang, unswervingly maintain ethnic unity, make major strategic deployments of "stabilizing Xinjiang and enriching the people and consolidating the border," and promote the good and rapid development of Xinjiang's economy and society. In the great process of promoting the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Xinjiang has achieved historic transformations from relatively backward productive forces to significantly enhanced economic strength, from closed and semi-closed to all-round opening up, and from inadequate food and clothing for the people to overall well-being and towards comprehensive well-being, keeping pace with the times along with the rest of the country.
Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The Chinese Communist Party united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to unite and struggle, uphold justice and innovate, and create new human miracles. In November 2012, the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party (党的十八大) was held, and socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core coordinated the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the major changes unseen in a century in the world, placing Xinjiang's work in an important position in the overall work of the Party and the country, and constantly deepening its understanding and grasp of the laws of governing Xinjiang. The Second and Third Central Xinjiang Work Symposiums (中央新疆工作座谈会) were held in 2014 and 2020 respectively, and General Secretary Xi Jinping visited Xinjiang three times in 2014, 2022, and 2023, clarifying the overall goal of social stability and long-term peace and stability, and establishing the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era. Under the guidance of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era, Xinjiang, with the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, anchored its strategic positioning in the overall national situation, coordinated development and security, and steadily promoted the rule of law in Xinjiang, uniting and stabilizing Xinjiang, enriching Xinjiang with culture, enriching the people and revitalizing Xinjiang, and building Xinjiang for a long time. Unprecedented achievements have been made in economic and social development and improvement of people's livelihoods, and the people of all ethnic groups have significantly enhanced their sense of gain, happiness, and security, and are in the best period of development in history. More than 26 million sons and daughters of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are united and striving forward, confident and open, with roots connected to roots and hearts connected to hearts like poplars, and with hearts connected to hearts like pomegranate seeds, marching forward on the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and striving unremittingly to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
III. The Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era Opens Up a New Situation in Governing Xinjiang
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has drawn on the experience and lessons of successive central regimes in governing Xinjiang, inherited and developed the valuable experience of the Chinese Communist Party in governing Xinjiang, and systematically planned and comprehensively promoted fundamental, foundational, and long-term work concerning long-term peace and stability, opening up a new realm and reaching a new height in stabilizing Xinjiang and revitalizing Xinjiang.
The formation and development of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era. Against the backdrop of the intertwining, mutual agitation, and mutual influence of the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the major changes unseen in a century in the world, Xinjiang's strategic position in the overall national situation has become increasingly prominent. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed Xinjiang's work in an important position in governing the country and administering state affairs, and has made systematic plans and deployments for Xinjiang's work from a strategic and overall perspective, scientifically answering a series of directional, overall, and strategic questions.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has always paid close attention to Xinjiang's work and is concerned about the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. Whenever Xinjiang's work enters a critical period, General Secretary Xi Jinping personally plans, directs, and steers the course. In April 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping visited Xinjiang and emphasized that "the Party Central Committee has always attached great importance to Xinjiang's work and has always emphasized that Xinjiang's work has a special and important strategic position in the overall work of the Party and the country," "the Party Central Committee's major policies and principles for doing a good job in Xinjiang under the new situation," and "taking social stability and long-term peace and stability as the focus and starting point of work, and comprehensively promoting all aspects of work." In May 2014, the Party Central Committee held the Second Central Xinjiang Work Symposium, once again clarifying the important generalization of "the Party Central Committee's major policies and principles for Xinjiang's work," and officially establishing social stability and long-term peace and stability as the overall goal of Xinjiang's work.
After the Second Central Xinjiang Work Symposium, General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over many important meetings such as the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee to study and deploy Xinjiang's work. In September 2020, the Party Central Committee held the Third Central Xinjiang Work Symposium, at which General Secretary Xi Jinping formally proposed and comprehensively and systematically expounded the "Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era," emphasizing the need to adhere to the rule of law in Xinjiang, unite and stabilize Xinjiang, enrich Xinjiang with culture, enrich the people and revitalize Xinjiang, and build Xinjiang for a long time, and strive to build a socialist Xinjiang with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
In July 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping once again visited Xinjiang and pointed out that it is necessary to focus on the overall goal of Xinjiang's work and promote fundamental, foundational, and long-term work concerning long-term peace and stability. In August 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping came to Xinjiang again, specially listened to the work reports of the Autonomous Region and the Corps, and emphasized that it is necessary to fully and accurately implement the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era, firmly grasp Xinjiang's strategic positioning in the overall national situation, focus on the overall goal of work, and deepen, refine, and implement the work of governing Xinjiang by law, uniting and stabilizing Xinjiang, enriching Xinjiang with culture, enriching the people and revitalizing Xinjiang, and building Xinjiang for a long time, seeking progress while maintaining stability, making continuous efforts, and achieving long-term success, and better building a united, harmonious, prosperous, affluent, civilized, progressive, peaceful, and ecologically sound beautiful Xinjiang in the process of Chinese-style modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping has also delivered important speeches and important expositions, and made important instructions and approvals on many important occasions, putting forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new requirements for doing a good job in Xinjiang under the new situation, further enriching and developing the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era.
The core essence of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era. The Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era is full of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core's profound insight into the situation in Xinjiang and its profound thinking on Xinjiang's work. It has a rigorous system, a rigorous logic, rich content, and profoundness. It constitutes a systematic and complete theoretical system and is the guideline and soul for doing a good job in Xinjiang in the new era.
Adhere to examining and planning Xinjiang's work from a strategic perspective. Xinjiang's work concerns national unity, ethnic unity, and national security, and concerns the overall situation of building a strong country and national rejuvenation. It is necessary to see clearly the general trend of Xinjiang's development, see clearly the impact of doing a good job in Xinjiang on the overall situation of the Party and the country, see clearly the position of Xinjiang's work in coordinating the two overall situations at home and abroad, plan long-term strategies, take measures to consolidate the foundation, build a long-term peace, and achieve long-term governance.
Adhere to taking social stability and long-term peace and stability as the overall goal of Xinjiang's work. The overall goal is the general guideline for Xinjiang's work, and all work must be planned and promoted around social stability and long-term peace and stability. It is necessary to concentrate efforts to solve the outstanding problems facing the current maintenance of social stability, and to solve various deep-seated contradictions and problems affecting long-term peace and stability one after another.
Adhere to taking the cohesion of people's hearts as the foundation. If people's hearts cannot be united, everything will be in vain. It is necessary to adhere to the people-centered approach, trust the people of all ethnic groups, rely on the people of all ethnic groups, and serve the people of all ethnic groups. At the same time, it is necessary to educate and guide the people, so that the people of all ethnic groups know how important stability and tranquility are, that a happy life comes from the Party's good policies, and comes from the unity and joint struggle of the people of all ethnic groups. Xinjiang's development and progress cannot be separated from the support of the people of the whole Party and the whole country.
Adhere to consolidating the sense of community of the Chinese nation. This is the most basic and long-term issue in doing a good job in Xinjiang. It is necessary to take the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, fully implement the Party's ethnic policies, deepen education on ethnic unity and progress, accelerate the construction of an embedded social structure and community environment for all ethnic groups, strengthen exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups, and promote all ethnic groups to embrace each other like pomegranate seeds.
Adhere to the direction of Sinicization of religion in our country. The work of Sinicizing religion in our country concerns the overall situation of Xinjiang's work. It is necessary to fully implement the Party's basic policy on religious work, adhere to protecting the legal, stopping the illegal, curbing extremism, resisting infiltration, and cracking down on crimes, guide religious believers to establish a sense of country, a sense of citizenship, and a sense of the rule of law, and actively guide religion to adapt to socialist society.
Adhere to promoting and cultivating socialist core values. It is necessary to adhere to taking socialist advanced culture as the guide, deeply promote cultural enrichment in Xinjiang, strengthen mass ideological education, and continuously enhance the recognition of the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Chinese Communist Party, and socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Adhere to promoting high-quality development closely related to people's livelihoods. Xinjiang's development should be implemented in improving people's livelihoods, benefiting the local area, and enhancing unity. It is necessary to adhere to the people-centered development thought, closely focus on the peaceful and happy life of all ethnic groups to promote economic and social development and improve people's livelihoods, and continuously enhance the sense of gain, happiness, and security of the people of all ethnic groups.
Adhere to strengthening the Party's leadership over Xinjiang's work. To do a good job in Xinjiang, it is necessary to adhere to and strengthen the Party's comprehensive leadership, build a high-quality cadre team that is strong in politics, strong in ability, and strong in style, and ensure that the Party Central Committee's orders are unimpeded. It is necessary to take grasping the grassroots and laying the foundation as a fundamental measure for stabilizing Xinjiang and ensuring peace, and build grassroots Party organizations into strong fighting fortresses that serve the masses, maintain stability, and oppose division.
The principled requirements of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era. The Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era is the fundamental guideline for doing a good job in Xinjiang. It is necessary to deeply grasp and comprehensively promote governing Xinjiang by law, uniting and stabilizing Xinjiang, enriching Xinjiang with culture, enriching the people and revitalizing Xinjiang, and building Xinjiang for a long time.
Governing Xinjiang by law means adhering to taking Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law as the guide, holding high the banner of the rule of law, promoting the spirit of the rule of law, adhering to the principles of the rule of law, implementing the requirements of comprehensively governing the country by law in all fields of Xinjiang's work, being good at using the thinking of the rule of law and the methods of the rule of law to prevent risks, crack down on crimes, handle problems, resolve contradictions, promote the legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance, and ensure that all work in Xinjiang always operates on the track of the rule of law.
Uniting and stabilizing Xinjiang means adhering to taking the cohesion of people's hearts as the foundation, taking ethnic unity as the lifeline of the people of all ethnic groups, holding high the banner of the great unity of the Chinese nation, continuously consolidating the sense of community of the Chinese nation, systematically promoting the Sinicization of religion in our country, uniting the people of all ethnic groups more closely around the Party, and gathering powerful positive energy to build a beautiful Xinjiang with vigor and vitality.
Enriching Xinjiang with culture means adhering to taking the enhancement of recognition as the goal, taking socialist core values as the guide, developing socialist advanced culture, promoting revolutionary culture, inheriting Chinese excellent traditional culture, building a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation, educating and guiding the people of all ethnic groups to consolidate the Chinese heart and the Chinese soul, fundamentally solving the problems of political recognition and the direction of people's hearts, and consolidating the ideological foundation for social stability and long-term peace and stability.
Enriching the people and revitalizing Xinjiang means adhering to fully and accurately implementing the new development concept, anchoring Xinjiang's strategic positioning in building a strong socialist modern country, giving full play to Xinjiang's location, resources, and policy advantages, actively serving and integrating into the new development pattern, expanding high-level opening up to the outside world, promoting high-quality development closely related to people's livelihoods, and promoting development results to benefit people's livelihoods and unite people's hearts.
Building Xinjiang for a long time means adhering to and strengthening the Party's comprehensive leadership, deeply promoting the new great project of Party building in the new era, building a high-quality cadre team in accordance with the standards of good cadres in the new era, maintaining strategic determination, adhering to planning before acting, seeking progress while maintaining stability, making continuous efforts, and achieving long-term success in doing work, focusing on solving deep-seated contradictions and problems, and laying a solid foundation for achieving the overall goal of Xinjiang's work.
The Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era has both theoretical innovations and breakthroughs, as well as deployments and requirements in work layout. It is a concentrated embodiment of Xi Jinping's thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era on Xinjiang's work. It is a summary, refinement, and innovative development of the successful experience of the Chinese Communist Party in leading the people to govern, stabilize, and revitalize Xinjiang. It is the broad road that guides Xinjiang's work to move steadily and far, marking that the Chinese Communist Party's understanding of the laws of border governance has reached a new height, and it has a milestone significance in the history of the Party's Xinjiang work and in the history of Xinjiang's development.
Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and with the strong support of the people of the whole country, more than 26 million cadres and people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang fully and accurately implement the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era, keep in mind the entrustment, be grateful and forge ahead, know the importance and bear the burden, work hard and diligently, and strive to turn the grand blueprint drawn by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core for Xinjiang into reality.
IV. The Foundation for Social Stability and Long-Term Peace and Stability is More Solid
Xinjiang's social stability and long-term peace and stability are related to the overall situation of reform, development, and stability in the country. Xinjiang coordinates development and security, puts the maintenance of social stability first, deeply promotes the legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance, effectively prevents and resolves risks in various fields and interference and sabotage by external forces, and the overall social situation has achieved a historic transformation from chaos to stability and from stability to governance.
The fight against separatism has achieved remarkable results. Separatism endangers national unity and undermines ethnic solidarity, and is a breeding ground for terrorism and extremism in Xinjiang. In the past, ethnic separatist forces, religious extremist forces, and violent terrorist forces in Xinjiang carried out destructive activities, which brought great harm to social stability in Xinjiang and caused great pain to people of all ethnic groups. The Chinese government opposes all forms of separatism, terrorism, and extremism, and severely cracks down on any acts that split the country, endanger public safety, or infringe upon citizens' human rights in accordance with the law. Xinjiang resolutely safeguards national unity, severely cracks down on illegal and criminal acts of organizing, planning, and implementing the splitting of the country and undermining national unity, inciting the splitting of the country and undermining national unity, and resolutely resists the infiltration and spread of "pan-Turkism" and "pan-Islamism" ideologies, and strives to eliminate the soil and conditions for the breeding and spread of terrorism and extremism from the source. After unremitting efforts, Xinjiang's fight against separatism has achieved important phased results. No violent terrorist incidents have occurred for many years in a row, which has effectively maintained social stability and ethnic unity in Xinjiang.
The legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance have been steadily advanced. Promoting the legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance is an important way to maintain sustained stability and long-term stability of the overall social situation in Xinjiang and to achieve lasting peace and stability. Xinjiang holds high the banner of socialist rule of law, promotes the spirit of the rule of law, implements the requirements of comprehensively governing the country according to law in all fields of work, and deepens the counter-terrorism and stability maintenance work in accordance with the "Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Counter-Terrorism Law of the People's Republic of China" to ensure that this work always operates in a standardized, normal, and efficient manner on the track of the rule of law. Improve the long-term mechanism for severely cracking down on violent terrorist struggles, make full use of the thinking and methods of the rule of law to carry out struggles and maintain stability, and always strike in accordance with the law, accurately strike, and timely strike. Build a legalized and normalized work system for counter-terrorism and stability maintenance, build an overall prevention and control system for social security, and transform counter-terrorism and stability maintenance work from end-end governance to source governance, and transform working methods from a state of wartime emergency to standardized and refined normalcy. Optimize counter-terrorism and stability maintenance policies, strategies, and methods, both to prevent a very small number of violent terrorists and to facilitate the vast majority of the masses, ensure the normal work, study, and life order of the masses, and achieve a fundamental change that is more conducive to long-term peace and stability. Since the new era, Xinjiang's counter-terrorism and stability maintenance work has achieved great achievements, reversing the situation in which violent terrorist activities occurred frequently in the past.
Counter-sanctions and counter-interference are precisely implemented. In recent years, some Western countries, led by the United States, have sanctioned Xinjiang-related enterprises and individuals and interfered in China's internal affairs by using so-called Xinjiang-related lies and fallacies such as "genocide" and "forced labor." The essence is to engage in political manipulation and economic hegemony under the guise of "human rights." Counter-sanctions and counter-interference are a necessary move to deal with the "using Xinjiang to contain China" plot of anti-China forces in some Western countries such as the United States, and it is also a solemn move to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests. China has promulgated laws and regulations and departmental rules such as the "Foreign Relations Law of the People's Republic of China," the "Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China," the "Regulations on the Implementation of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China," and the "Provisions on the Unreliable Entity List" to implement countermeasures against the unreasonable Xinjiang-related sanctions imposed by a very small number of countries. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the Autonomous Region has issued relevant resolutions opposing the so-called "Xinjiang-related sanctions series law" of the United States and supporting the development of sanctioned enterprises and related industries, resolutely fighting back against the United States' abuse of unilateral sanctions. Actively provide services to sanctioned enterprises, support enterprises in safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law, support the development of related industries, and create employment opportunities for employees of all ethnic groups in sanctioned enterprises.
Social governance effectiveness has been significantly improved. Good social governance is the prerequisite and guarantee for social harmony and stability and people's well-being. Xinjiang adheres to and develops the "Fengqiao Experience" in the new era, improves the urban and rural grassroots governance system that combines party organization leadership, autonomy, rule of law, and rule of virtue, strengthens the leadership of grassroots party building, improves the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance, and sharing, and constantly consolidates the grassroots foundation. Regularly carry out risk research and judgment, prevention and coordination, and resolution and disposal work to effectively prevent and resolve various risks and hidden dangers. Closely focus on illegal and criminal activities that the people strongly reflect, severely crack down on serious violent crimes, severely crack down on frequently occurring illegal and criminal activities in the fields of pornography, gambling, drugs, food and drug environment, theft, robbery, fraud, and telecommunications network fraud, and promote the fight against organized crime and evil on a regular basis. Promote the diversified resolution of contradictions and disputes, strengthen the legalization of petitioning work, vigorously promote the standardized construction of comprehensive management centers focusing on the county level, and create a number of contradiction and dispute resolution positions such as the "horseback mediation room" and the "gaiwan tea mediation room" to solve problems at the grassroots level and resolve them in the bud. In 2024, the success rate of mediation of people's mediation cases in Xinjiang was 98.52%. Xinjiang continues to maintain social stability, fully safeguards people's peace, and the construction of a safe Xinjiang has achieved remarkable results, and the people of all ethnic groups have significantly improved their sense of gain, happiness, and security.
V. The Construction of the Chinese National Community is Deeply Advanced
Consolidating the sense of community of the Chinese nation is the main line of the Party's ethnic work in the new era, and it is also the main line of all work in ethnic areas. Xinjiang is solidly advancing the construction of the Chinese national community, doing a good job in ethnic work in the direction of enhancing commonality, and educating and guiding people of all ethnic groups to firmly establish the concept of a community with a shared future, a shared honor and disgrace, a shared life and death, and a shared destiny, and jointly build a great motherland and create a better life.
The common spiritual home of the Chinese nation is accelerating its construction. Xinjiang continues to enhance the appeal and cohesion of mainstream ideology and public opinion and Chinese culture, and continues to consolidate the common ideological and political foundation for the unity and struggle of all ethnic groups. Adhere to the guidance of socialist core values, strengthen the publicity and education of the history of the Party, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development, and the history of the development of the Chinese nation, and widely carry out mass theme publicity and education activities such as "Consolidating the Community and Sharing the Chinese Dream" to unite and cast the soul with common ideals and beliefs. Deeply implement the red gene inheritance project, build 471 patriotic education bases of various levels and types, vigorously promote the Populus euphratica spirit and the Corps spirit, and constantly cultivate the feelings of cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups for loving the Party and serving the country. Study and explore the excellent genes and contemporary values of Chinese traditional culture, create a number of Chinese cultural symbols and Chinese national image demonstration sites shared by all ethnic groups, carry out learning and experience activities of Chinese excellent traditional culture on a regular basis, and promote the prosperity and development of socialist advanced culture, and the recognition of Chinese culture among the people of all ethnic groups is constantly enhanced. Strengthen the cultivation of modern civilization, rely on the new era civilization practice centers (stations), deeply promote the "Civilized New Style Enters Thousands of Homes" action, continue to deepen popular science education and legal publicity and education, and actively guide people of all ethnic groups to integrate into modern civilized life. Comprehensively promote and popularize the national common language and writing, the education and teaching of the national common language and writing in schools is continuously strengthened, and the awareness and ability of the whole society to use the national common language and writing is significantly improved, so as to promote the connection of hearts and the connection of destinies through language communication.
Exchanges, interactions, and integration among ethnic groups are becoming closer. Coordinate the layout and planning of urban and rural construction and the allocation of public service resources, gradually promote the all-round embedding of people of all ethnic groups in terms of space, culture, economy, society, and psychology, and promote all ethnic groups to hug each other tightly like pomegranate seeds. Accelerate the construction of new urbanization with people as the core, promote the rational layout of urban agglomerations, large, medium, and small cities and towns, actively build an embedded social structure and community environment, promote production through cities, promote cities through production, and gather people through industries, and create social conditions for people of all ethnic groups to live, study, build, share, work, and enjoy together. Deeply implement the "Foundation Building" project for teenagers, deepen and expand the "Love for the Motherland and Journey to China" patriotic research and study activities for Xinjiang teenagers. In 2024, 86,000 primary and secondary school students went to other provinces and cities for research and exchange, widely carried out "hand-in-hand" activities between schools in Xinjiang aid provinces and cities, the Corps, and the north and south of Xinjiang, and comprehensively promoted mixed classes and mixed accommodation for students of all ethnic groups. It has become the norm for students of all ethnic groups to study together, live together, and grow together. Adhere to the integration of culture and tourism and the promotion of integration through tourism, integrate the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation into the entire process of high-quality development of Xinjiang's tourism industry, and tourism has become an important carrier for promoting exchanges, interactions, and integration among ethnic groups. Deeply carry out activities such as "Ethnic Unity as One Family," and cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups deepen understanding and enhance feelings in interactions.
The cause of ethnic unity and progress is consolidated and developed. Xinjiang focuses on promoting the common unity and struggle and common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups, implements the action of consolidating the border, revitalizing the border, and enriching the people, and solidly promotes the common prosperity of all ethnic groups. Continue to deepen the creation of ethnic unity and progress, incorporate this work into local legislation and the overall plan for economic and social development, promulgate and implement the regulations on the creation of a model area for ethnic unity and progress and the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the creation of a model area for ethnic unity and progress, continue to carry out commendations for ethnic unity and progress, and the socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony among all ethnic groups are constantly consolidated and developed. As of 2024, Xinjiang has 101 national ethnic unity and progress demonstration areas and demonstration units and 14 national ethnic unity and progress education bases, and has selected 1,555 (times) model collectives and 2,690 (times) model individuals for ethnic unity and progress at the autonomous region level and above. A number of models of ethnic unity and progress have emerged, such as "People's Guard" Bayika Kelidibieke and "People's Role Model" Burumahan Maurledo.
The Sinicization of religion in China is steadily advancing. Xinjiang has historically been a region where multiple religions coexist. Currently, the main religions include Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity. Xinjiang fully and accurately implements the Party's policy of freedom of religious belief, respects the religious beliefs of the masses, manages religious affairs in accordance with the law, adheres to the principle of independence and self-reliance, and actively guides religion to adapt to socialist society. Adhere to the direction of Sinicization of religion in China, strengthen ideological and political guidance for religious circles, carry out activities of national flags, the Constitution and laws and regulations, socialist core values, and Chinese excellent traditional culture entering religious activity venues, and enhance the "five recognitions" of religious figures and religious believers. Support religious circles in strengthening the construction of theological thought, and make interpretations of religious doctrines and rules that meet the requirements of the development and progress of the times and meet the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and enhance the sense of identity with Chinese culture. Strengthen the construction of the contingent of religious figures, formulate a training plan, and focus on training a group of "dual-proficient" talents who are proficient in classical doctrines and proficient in excellent traditional Chinese culture to promote the healthy inheritance of religion. Strengthen the governance of religious affairs in accordance with the law, support religious circles in deeply carrying out de-extremization, and consciously resist and prevent the infiltration of religious extremist ideas. Guide and support religious circles to comprehensively and strictly administer religion, strengthen self-education, self-management, and self-restraint, and set an example to lead religious believers to contribute to the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
VI. The Construction of Democracy and the Rule of Law is Continuously Deepened
Whole-process people's democracy is the essential attribute of socialist democratic politics and is the most extensive, most genuine, and most effective democracy. Xinjiang deeply implements the major concept of whole-process people's democracy, organically unifies the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, and ensures the implementation of the system of people's congresses, the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the system of ethnic regional autonomy, and the system of grassroots mass autonomy, and new steps have been taken in the construction of democracy and the rule of law.
Remarkable achievements have been made in whole-process people's democracy. Xinjiang connects all links of democratic elections, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision, and continuously improves the institutional system of whole-process people's democracy. The system of people's congresses is an important institutional carrier for realizing whole-process people's democracy. As of 2024, Xinjiang has a total of 74,412 deputies to people's congresses at all levels, of which grassroots deputies account for 78.69% and deputies of ethnic minorities account for 69.21%, reflecting the equal status of all strata and ethnic groups in the country's political life. Consultative democracy is an important form of practicing whole-process people's democracy. As of 2024, Xinjiang has a total of 16,121 members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) at all levels, of which non-Party members account for 49.06% and members of ethnic minorities account for 46.13%, reflecting the broad representativeness in organization and the great inclusiveness in politics. Grassroots democracy is an important manifestation of whole-process people's democracy. 100% of villages (communities) in Xinjiang have established a system of mass autonomy, and more than 85% of the decision-making matters of grassroots autonomous organizations come from the suggestions of the masses, demonstrating the authenticity, extensiveness, and effectiveness of grassroots democracy. The united front is a powerful force for promoting whole-process people's democracy. Xinjiang coordinates the work of democratic parties and non-party personages, non-Party intellectuals, and non-public economic personages to widely gather consensus. Democratic supervision is a key link in whole-process people's democracy. The people's congresses and their standing committees at all levels in Xinjiang strengthen supervision over the performance of statutory duties by the "one government, one commission, and two courts," and the CPPCC at all levels conducts consultative supervision by putting forward opinions, criticisms, and suggestions to ensure that the legitimate rights and interests of the people of all ethnic groups are maintained and realized.
The advantages of the system of ethnic regional autonomy are further highlighted. Xinjiang adheres to the combination of unity and autonomy and the combination of ethnic factors and regional factors, and fully guarantees that all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are jointly the masters of the country and participate in the management of state affairs. The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区) is an autonomous region with three levels of autonomous areas (region, prefecture, and county), and currently has 5 autonomous prefectures and 6 autonomous counties, and enjoys broad autonomy in accordance with the law. In the standing committees of the people's congresses of each autonomous area, there are citizens of the ethnic group exercising regional autonomy who serve as chairman or vice chairman; the chairman, prefect, and county head of each autonomous area are all served by citizens of the ethnic group exercising regional autonomy. People of all ethnic groups enjoy equal legal status, enjoy the rights to elect and be elected conferred by the Constitution and laws, and also enjoy the rights to participate in the management of state affairs, freedom of religious belief, receive education, use and develop their own ethnic languages and scripts, and inherit and protect their own ethnic excellent traditional culture. Xinjiang respects and protects the learning and use of minority languages and scripts, scientifically protects the languages and scripts of all ethnic groups, and advocates that all ethnic groups learn each other's languages and scripts.
Major progress has been made in the construction of the rule of law. Implementing the Party Central Committee's decision-making and deployment on comprehensively governing the country according to law, Xinjiang actively promotes the integrated construction of a rule-of-law Xinjiang, a rule-of-law government, and a rule-of-law society. Uphold respecting and protecting human rights throughout all aspects of legislation, law enforcement, judiciary, and law-abiding, and strive to make the people feel fairness and justice in every legal system, every law enforcement decision, and every judicial case. Exercise the power of local legislation in accordance with the law. As of the end of 2024, the People's Congress of the Autonomous Region and its Standing Committee have formulated and revised the Autonomous Region's local laws and regulations, regulatory resolutions and decisions, and resolutions and decisions on major matters, and approved a total of 874 local laws and regulations and separate regulations, of which 175 are currently effective local laws and regulations, and 56 are regulatory resolutions and decisions and resolutions and decisions on major matters, laying a solid legal foundation for maintaining social stability and long-term peace and stability. Actively promote democratic legislation, establish 2 national-level grassroots legislative contact points, 23 autonomous region-level contact points, and 112 prefecture-level contact points to widely listen to the opinions and suggestions of grassroots people on legislative work. Deeply promote the construction of a rule-of-law government. Administrative law enforcement departments at all levels have cumulatively publicized more than 500,000 pieces of law enforcement information and carried out more than 2,100 law enforcement supervision and inspection activities. Continuously strengthen the construction of the grassroots rule-of-law system, establish judicial offices in townships (streets), establish people's mediation committees in villages (communities), give full play to the role of legal advisers and legal experts, and establish a public legal service system covering urban and rural areas. The construction of foreign-related rule of law has reached a new level. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the Autonomous Region has revised the border management regulations and promulgated regulations such as the "Regulations on the China (Xinjiang) Free Trade Pilot Zone" to escort the construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt.
The level of human rights protection has been continuously improved. Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle of China. Promoting the comprehensive development of human rights is the unremitting pursuit of all Chinese people, including the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core adheres to respecting and protecting human rights as an important part of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era, and takes effective measures to earnestly protect the basic rights of people of all ethnic groups. Xinjiang always adheres to the people-centered human rights concept, takes promoting the well-being of people of all ethnic groups as the starting point and end result of all work, safeguards social harmony and stability in accordance with the law, accelerates the promotion of high-quality development, continuously guarantees and improves people's livelihoods, continuously consolidates and develops ethnic unity, protects freedom of religious belief in accordance with the law, and attaches importance to protecting and inheriting the excellent traditional cultures of all ethnic groups. The rights to subsistence and development of people of all ethnic groups are effectively guaranteed, and the political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, and other rights of people of all ethnic groups are fully realized. At present, the socialist system with Chinese characteristics provides a strong institutional guarantee for the development and progress of human rights in Xinjiang, high-quality economic and social development has laid a solid material foundation for the development and progress of human rights in Xinjiang, and a continuously stable social environment has created good development conditions for the development and progress of human rights in Xinjiang. The development of human rights in Xinjiang has achieved unprecedented achievements.
VII. High-Quality Development and High-Level Opening-up Advance Synergistically
To promote Chinese-style modernization and achieve common prosperity, no ethnic group can be left behind. Xinjiang fully and accurately implements the new development concept, actively serves and integrates into the new development pattern, further comprehensively deepens reform, expands high-level opening-up, and the foundation of economic and social development's "stability" is more solid, the momentum of "progress" is significantly enhanced, and the quality and efficiency of "newness" are greatly improved. Xinjiang's practice of Chinese-style modernization has taken solid steps.
The economy has continued to develop in a healthy and rapid manner. Xinjiang is anchored in the strategic positioning in the overall national situation, always grasping the inherent unity of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness, and sharing, and making every effort to promote high-quality development. The comprehensive economic strength has been significantly enhanced, and many indicators have achieved historical leaps. The regional GDP increased from 749.947 billion yuan in 2012 to 2053.408 billion yuan in 2024, breaking through the 2 trillion yuan mark for the first time, with an average annual growth rate of 7.0% calculated at constant prices; the per capita regional GDP increased from 33,495 yuan in 2012 to 78,660 yuan in 2024, an increase of 1.3 times at current prices. General public budget revenue increased from 90.897 billion yuan in 2012 to 240.969 billion yuan in 2024, with an average annual increase of more than 10 billion yuan. The industrial structure has been continuously optimized, and the structure of the three industries has been optimized from 16.1:44.3:39.6 in 2012 to 12.5:39.6:47.9 in 2024. We will coordinate and promote the complementary advantages and coordinated development of Urumqi-Changji (乌克昌), northern Xinjiang, eastern Xinjiang, and southern Xinjiang, accelerate the pace of new urbanization, and build a regional economic and spatial layout for high-quality development. The urbanization rate of Xinjiang's permanent residents increased from 44.22% in 2012 to 60.36% in 2024, an increase of 16.14 percentage points.
Infrastructure construction has been comprehensively strengthened. Xinjiang is focusing on optimizing the layout, structure, function, and system integration of infrastructure, and comprehensively planning the construction of "ten networks" including railways, highways, aviation, electricity, natural gas, commercial logistics, and computing power. The "main artery" of the transportation network is more smooth, the railway operating mileage has increased from 4,914 kilometers in 2012 to 9,202 kilometers in 2024, reaching all prefectures and cities and covering more than 80% of county-level administrative regions; the highway mileage has increased from 165,900 kilometers in 2012 to 230,000 kilometers in 2024, and all prefectures and cities and more than 90% of counties (cities, districts) have entered the "highway era"; there are 595 civil aviation routes, and 25 international passenger routes reach 17 countries and regions. A route pattern of "forming fans in the east and west and forming a network within Xinjiang" has been formed. The first, second, and third channels of "Xinjiang electricity transmission" provide stable power supply, the length of 750 kV lines exceeds 12,000 kilometers, and the external power transmission volume has exceeded 100 billion kilowatt-hours for five consecutive years, "lighting up" 22 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities across the country. The "information highway" is spreading and extending across Xinjiang, with a fiber optic cable length of 1.784 million kilometers, realizing gigabit access to every county, 5G access to every township, and broadband access to every village.
The cluster effect of the modern industrial system is fully demonstrated. Xinjiang focuses on what the country needs and what it can do, based on its resource endowments and industrial foundation, and accelerates the construction of a modern industrial system with distinctive advantages. The national high-quality agricultural and livestock product supply base is accelerating its formation. In 2024, the grain yield per mu reached 1049.7 jin, ranking first in the country. The total grain output increased from 30.35 billion jin in 2012 to 46.6 billion jin in 2024, an increase of 53.6%; the total cotton output was 5.686 million tons, accounting for 92.3% of the country, ranking first in the country for 32 consecutive years, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of cultivation, planting, and harvesting reached 97%. The national strategic guarantee base for energy resources is accelerating its construction. In 2024, the oil and gas production equivalent reached 66.64 million tons, and the raw coal production reached 543 million tons. In 2024, the installed power capacity reached 192.7 million kilowatts, of which the installed new energy capacity exceeded 100 million kilowatts, and the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi (乌昌石) photovoltaic cluster was selected as a national advanced manufacturing cluster. Develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, establish a 10 billion yuan talent development fund, promote the integrated reform and development of education, science and technology, and talent, the Huairou Laboratory Xinjiang Base has been launched, the National Wind Power Technology Innovation Center has been unveiled, the Tarim Oilfield's 10,000-meter ultra-deep drilling has broken the Asian record, the "Xinjiang computing into Chongqing" has been included in the national computing and electricity coordination task pilot, and the first intelligent computing center in Xinjiang has been built and put into use. The leading and driving role of the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone has been continuously enhanced, and the development quality of 5 national high-tech industrial development zones has been significantly improved. The efforts to cultivate high-quality enterprises have been continuously increased. As of the end of 2024, Xinjiang has cultivated 11 manufacturing single champion enterprises, 52 specialized and new "little giant" enterprises, and 2,742 high-tech enterprises.
The green and low-carbon development background is more sufficient. Xinjiang firmly establishes the concept that green waters and green mountains are invaluable assets, adheres to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands, and strives to improve the ability and level of ecological security guarantee. The effectiveness of atmospheric environmental governance has been demonstrated. In 2024, the proportion of days with excellent or good air quality in Xinjiang's prefecture-level and above cities was 78.1%. Scientifically utilize water resources, improve water use efficiency, and strengthen water environment governance. In 2024, the proportion of surface water in Xinjiang that reached or was better than Class III water quality was 95.9%. The ecological water transfer project in the Tarim River Basin was implemented, and the groundwater level on both sides of the lower reaches was significantly raised, promoting the coordinated development of economy, society, population, resources, and environment in the basin. Scientifically carry out land greening actions, continue to promote the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Project, and the forest coverage rate increased from 4.24% in 2012 to 5.07% in 2024; in the past 30 years, the oasis area has increased by 56.6%. Continue to fight the battle to block the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, and successfully "close" the world's longest desert ecological barrier of 3,046 kilometers, creating a new miracle in desertification prevention and control. Accelerate the promotion of green transformation, actively promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of regional GDP continue to decline.
The construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt is accelerating. Xinjiang consciously integrates the regional opening-up strategy into the overall national westward opening-up layout, and takes the construction of "one port, two zones, five centers, and a port economic belt" as the starting point to build a golden channel in Asia and Europe and a bridgehead for westward opening-up. The major channel for opening up to the outside world is accelerating its construction. There are 19 ports open to the outside world, and the Khunjerab Port has achieved year-round opening; a total of 119 bilateral international road transport routes and 10 multilateral international road freight routes have been opened; in 2024, 16,400 China-Europe (Asia) trains passed through, maintaining more than 10,000 trains for five consecutive years. The number of economic and trade partners has continued to expand, from only a few trading partners in the 1950s to economic and trade cooperation with 196 countries and regions in 2012, and economic and trade exchanges have been achieved with 211 countries and regions around the world in 2024. The scale of trade has continued to increase, and the total import and export volume has increased from 158.96 billion yuan in 2012 to 434.16 billion yuan in 2024, crossing the 200 billion yuan, 300 billion yuan, and 400 billion yuan marks in 2022, 2023, and 2024 respectively. The platform for opening up to the outside world is more sound. The China (Xinjiang) Free Trade Pilot Zone was approved for establishment in October 2023, and more than 9,000 new enterprises were added in 2024, with the total import and export volume accounting for more than 30% of the entire region; the construction of the Tacheng Key Development and Opening-up Experimental Zone, the Khorgos Economic Development Zone, and the Kashgar Economic Development Zone is accelerating.
VIII. Significant Achievements in Cultural Development
Culture nourishes people's minds and cultivates people's sentiments. Xinjiang deeply studies and practices Xi Jinping's thought on culture, strengthens cultural confidence, deeply promotes cultural enrichment of Xinjiang, develops and prospers Chinese culture, including the cultures of all ethnic groups, with a more active attitude and more powerful measures, continuously promotes the systematic protection of cultural heritage, continuously stimulates cultural innovation and creativity, promotes the prosperity and development of socialist culture, and better meets the new expectations of the people of all ethnic groups for spiritual and cultural life.
Cultural heritage has been effectively protected. Xinjiang adheres to the principles of protection first, rational utilization, and minimal intervention, and comprehensively improves the level of cultural heritage protection and inheritance. Research and compile the Xinjiang Cultural Heritage Protection Plan, and successively promulgate local regulations such as the Kashgar Ancient City Protection Regulations and the Manas Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Regulations, and continuously consolidate the legal guarantee for cultural heritage protection. As of 2024, Xinjiang has 195 cultural relics protection institutions at all levels and 150 registered museums. It has verified and registered 9,545 immovable cultural relics, including 6 world cultural heritage sites, 133 national key cultural relics protection units, and 779 autonomous region-level cultural relics protection units; there are 3 UNESCO intangible cultural heritage projects, and 141 and 567 projects have been selected into the national and autonomous region-level representative lists of intangible cultural heritage, respectively. Coordinate and coordinate the relationship between cultural heritage protection and urban and rural construction and development, and effectively protect, rationally utilize, and scientifically manage historical and cultural cities, towns, villages, traditional villages, and historical and cultural blocks. Orderly promote the protection and display of key sites and monuments of the effective governance of Xinjiang by the central government, strengthen the protection and utilization of the Site Group of the Western Regions Protectorate, the Ulap Ancient City, the Beiting Ancient City Site, and the Yili General's Mansion, and build the Beiting Ancient City National Archaeological Site Park, the Western Regions Protectorate Museum, and the Silk Road·Great Wall Culture Museum. Xinjiang archaeology has been included in the "Archaeological China" major project, and projects such as the protection and utilization of religious sites around the Tarim Basin have been implemented. The Kizil Grottoes Museum and the Kuqa (龟兹) Wei and Jin Site Museum have been built, and the protection projects of cultural relics such as the Kizil Grottoes, the Subash Buddhist Temple Site, the Loulan Ancient City Site, and the Xipang Nestorian Temple Site have been organized and promoted. The Tongtiandong Site, the Keyake Kuduk Beacon Tower Site, and the Mol Temple Site have been successively selected as the annual top ten new archaeological discoveries in the country.
Cultural and artistic creation is flourishing. Xinjiang regards the creation and production of excellent works as the central link of literary and artistic work, improves the service, guidance, and organization mechanism for literary and artistic creation and production, and forms a good situation in which literary and artistic masterpieces continue to emerge. In terms of literary creation, the Tianshan Literature Award has been established, and a number of works on Xinjiang themes have been well-known throughout the country. "Benba" won the Mao Dun Literature Award, "Distant Sunflower Land" and "West Great Wall" won the Lu Xun Literature Award, and "Flowers Are Always So Red" won the National Ethnic Minority Literature Creation Horse Award. In terms of song, dance, and drama creation, songs such as "The Shepherd of Koktokay" and "Apple Fragrance" have made Xinjiang melodies sung throughout the country, and dance dramas such as "Five Stars Out of the East" and "Zhang Qian" use art to write national spirit and reflect historical roots. Dances such as "Maigaiti Under the Sun" and "Grandpa's Samovar" have successively won the "Lotus Award" gold award, the highest award in Chinese dance, and the performer of Qinqiang "Burning Incense" won the Chinese Drama Plum Blossom Award. In terms of film and television creation, Xinjiang-themed films such as "The Gone Pastoral Song" have won the "Five-One Project" Award for seven consecutive sessions, the children's film "Little Horsewhip" won the China Film Huabiao Award, the TV series "My Altay" became popular on the screen and was broadcast in many countries, and the documentary film "Clouds on the Ground" aroused enthusiastic response. The performance of the Kashgar branch venue of the 2024 CCTV Spring Festival Gala was wonderful and amazed the world.
The public cultural service system is becoming increasingly完善 (wán shàn - "perfect," to improve something to perfection). Xinjiang actively promotes the standardization and equalization of public cultural services, promotes high-quality cultural resources directly to the grassroots level, fully guarantees the people's cultural rights, and effectively improves the quality of people's lives. As of the end of 2024, 111 public libraries, 118 cultural centers, 1,126 township (street) comprehensive cultural facilities, and 11,783 village-level comprehensive cultural centers have been built, with a mass cultural facility building area of 695.86 square meters per 10,000 people; a total of 88,800 sports venues have been built, and a five-level public cultural service network at the district, prefecture, county, township, and village levels has been completely constructed. Adhering to cultural benefits for the people, we will continue to promote the "village-to-village" and "household-to-household" projects for radio and television, with comprehensive population coverage rates of 99.26% and 99.37% for radio and television, respectively, so that people of all ethnic groups can share rich cultural achievements at their doorsteps. From 2012 to 2024, a total of 1.368 million rural public welfare films were screened, and screenings were held at nearly 9,000 screening points in rural areas and communities every year, achieving full coverage of screenings in administrative villages. The China Xinjiang Folk Art Season and the Xinjiang National Reading Conference were held, mass "village evenings" covering all villages and communities were carried out, and pomegranate seed literary and artistic teams were formed to let literature and art often go to the countryside, often be in the countryside, and often benefit the countryside.
The cultural tourism industry is accelerating its development. Xinjiang adheres to shaping tourism with culture and highlighting culture with tourism, promotes the deep integration of culture and tourism development, and allows tourists to appreciate the beauty of nature, feel the beauty of culture, and cultivate the beauty of the soul. The Autonomous Region's Cultural and Tourism Industry Cluster Development Plan was issued, a special fund for industrial development was established, and efforts were made to build a trillion-yuan-level cultural tourism industry cluster. We will continue to promote the development of sports tourism, sports training, sports events, and other industries, and hold the China Taklimakan Rally (International), the China Xinjiang Sayram Lake Highway Cycling Race, and the World Freeride Tour. The aggregation effect of the cultural tourism and sports industry is gradually emerging. Concentrated efforts have been made to create tourism brands such as ice and snow tourism. As of the end of 2024, Xinjiang has 72 ski resorts and 5 national-level ski tourism resorts, and ice and snow tourism has entered the "first echelon" in the country. Self-driving tours and special tours are highly sought after, and the G219 Line (Xinjiang Section), Xinjiang 101 Provincial Highway, Duku Highway, Ahe Highway, and the Ring Bosten Lake Highway have become "internet celebrity highways," and the types of tourism products continue to be enriched. The number of tourists received increased from 48.6 million in 2012 to 302 million in 2024, an increase of 5.21 times, and the total tourist expenditure in 2024 was 359.542 billion yuan.
IX. People's Well-being Continues to Increase
People's happy life is the greatest human right, and making the people live a good life is the starting point and end result of promoting Xinjiang's development. Xinjiang adheres to the people-centered approach, implements development to improve people's livelihoods, benefit the local area, and enhance unity, and wholeheartedly and wholeheartedly solves the most concerning, most direct, and most realistic interests of people of all ethnic groups. More than 70% of the general public financial budget expenditure is used to guarantee and improve people's livelihoods every year, so that the fruits of development can more fairly benefit people of all ethnic groups.
The comprehensive victory has been achieved in poverty alleviation. Xinjiang (新疆) was once one of the regions with the largest poverty-stricken area and the deepest poverty in the country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xinjiang (新疆) has regarded poverty alleviation as the primary project for people's livelihood, deploying all resources and implementing precise policies. After continuous efforts, it has conquered the poverty fortress. By the end of 2020, all 3.0649 million rural impoverished people in Xinjiang (新疆) had been lifted out of poverty, all 3,666 impoverished villages had been removed from the list, and all 35 impoverished counties had been delisted. The problem of absolute poverty that had plagued Xinjiang (新疆) for thousands of years has been historically resolved, and Xinjiang (新疆) has joined the rest of the country in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The infrastructure conditions in poverty-stricken areas have been historically improved, with 100% of all townships and eligible established villages having access to paved roads, passenger buses, and power, completely ending the history of rural impoverished people living in dilapidated houses and completely bidding farewell to the history of drinking bitter and salty water. 2021 was the first year after the comprehensive victory in poverty alleviation. The per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas reached 14,477 yuan, an increase of 1.8 times compared to 5,090 yuan in 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 12.3%. The number of household cars, washing machines, refrigerators, and computers per 100 households increased by 14.6, 51.6, 49.5, and 5.1 respectively compared to 2012, and the quality of life has been continuously upgraded. After winning the battle against poverty, Xinjiang (新疆) has embarked on a new journey, consolidating and expanding the achievements in poverty alleviation, promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, and making the lives of people of all ethnic groups more prosperous and promising.
Employment has been continuously improved. Xinjiang (新疆) adheres to the strategy of prioritizing employment and makes every effort to promote high-quality and full employment. The scale of employment has continued to expand, with the total number of employed people increasing from 12.46 million in 2012 to 13.91 million in 2024, an increase of 11.64%. The employment structure is becoming more reasonable. In 2024, the proportion of employed people in the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries will be 31.34%, 14.45%, and 54.21% respectively. In 2024, the number of employed people in urban areas will be 8.18 million, accounting for 58.8%, and the ability of urban areas to absorb employment will continue to increase. Income has steadily increased. In 2024, the per capita disposable income of urban residents will be 42,820 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents will be 19,427 yuan, an increase of 23,801 yuan and 12,551 yuan respectively compared to 2012. Labor and employment create a better life. Xinjiang (新疆) has established a sound and fair employment policy system and labor rights protection mechanism, which not only safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of workers, but also enables people with labor ability to achieve employment, maximizing the guarantee of voluntary employment and decent work for people of all ethnic groups.
The education cause has developed in all aspects. Xinjiang (新疆) adheres to the priority development of education, accelerates the construction of a high-quality education system, and promotes the results of educational development to benefit people of all ethnic groups more and more fairly. In 2024, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in Xinjiang (新疆) reached 102.72%, the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education reached more than 99%, and the gross enrollment rate of high school reached 97.74%, all of which are higher than the national average. Investment in education has continued to increase. Since 2012, the state's financial education funds have cumulatively invested 1.1 trillion yuan in Xinjiang (新疆), and a cumulative investment of 47.9 billion yuan has been made to improve the conditions for running primary and secondary schools alone, and the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education has been promoted in an orderly manner. A student financial assistance system covering all academic stages has been established to provide assistance to students from families with financial difficulties. The amount of financial assistance has increased from 2.039 billion yuan in 2012 to 9.306 billion yuan in 2024. The Aksu (阿克苏), Kashgar (喀什), and Hotan (和田) regions and the Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture (克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州) in southern Xinjiang (新疆) implement 15 years of free education from kindergarten to high school. The layout and structure of higher education have been continuously optimized. In 2024, Xinjiang (新疆) has 63 ordinary universities, an increase of 24 compared to 2012, especially the historical breakthrough of achieving full coverage of undergraduate education in the five prefectures of southern Xinjiang (新疆). The scale of vocational education has been further expanded. In 2024, the number of students enrolled was 575,000, an increase of 60.69% compared to 2012, and a group of high-quality technical and skilled talents have been trained, and a modern vocational education system has been basically established.
The health service system has been improved and optimized. Xinjiang (新疆) adheres to improving people's health promotion policies and significantly improving the level of health protection. As of 2024, there are more than 19,000 medical and health institutions of various levels and types in Xinjiang (新疆), the total number of personnel in the health system has reached 314,600, and there are 7.85 beds in medical institutions per thousand people, 3.19 licensed (assistant) physicians, and 4.12 registered nurses. The service system is constantly improving. A total of 55 national-level key clinical specialties and 358 autonomous region-level key clinical specialties have been built, 54 autonomous region-level specialist alliances and 74 telemedicine collaboration networks have been built to facilitate people of all ethnic groups to "see a doctor and see a doctor well." Promote the expansion, sinking and balanced layout of high-quality medical resources, the proportion of close county medical communities has reached 86.05%, the standardization rate of township health centers and village health rooms has reached 100%, and it has basically achieved "major diseases do not leave Xinjiang (新疆), general diseases are solved in cities and counties, and daily diseases are solved at the grassroots level." Actively promote the construction of Xinjiang International Medical Center (新疆国际医疗中心), and create a landmark and demonstration project of medical services in the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt; accelerate the construction of 3 national regional medical centers and 4 autonomous region-level regional medical centers in Xinjiang (新疆), implement functional positioning, and realize the qualitative change of medical services from "having" to "excellence." The capacity for public health security has been significantly enhanced, and the integration and reorganization of disease control and supervision institutions in 14 prefectures and cities and 96 counties (cities, districts) has been fully completed, and the disease prevention and control system has been improved day by day. With the development and growth of the health cause, the health level of the people has continued to improve, and the average life expectancy has increased from 30 years in 1949 to 77 years in 2024.
The social security network has been further woven and strengthened. Xinjiang (新疆) has continuously improved and perfected a multi-level social security system covering the whole people, integrating urban and rural areas, being fair and unified, safe and standardized, and sustainable, and the safety net for people's livelihood security has become increasingly dense. As of the end of 2024, the number of people participating in basic pension insurance in Xinjiang (新疆) reached 16.9115 million, and the number of people participating in basic medical insurance reached 23.669 million, with the participation rate remaining stable at over 95%; the number of people participating in unemployment and work-related injury insurance reached 4.1983 million and 5.4342 million respectively. While the security system is constantly improving, the level of security is also improving simultaneously, and the fruits of reform and development are benefiting people of all ethnic groups more and more fairly. Xinjiang (新疆) has established and improved a dynamic growth mechanism for social assistance standards and a linkage mechanism between social assistance and security standards and price increases, and has raised the minimum living security standard 13 times in a row since 2012, effectively ensuring the bottom line of basic people's livelihood.
A strong synergy for building Xinjiang (新疆) is constantly gathering.
The great achievements of the new era have been achieved through the hard work, dedication, and struggle of the Party and the people! The historic achievements and historic changes in various undertakings in Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era are fundamentally due to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the result of the selfless support of the people of the whole country, and the result of the united struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆).
The strong support of the Party and the state has laid the foundation for the development of Xinjiang (新疆). The strong leadership of the Communist Party of China is the greatest political advantage for Xinjiang (新疆) to overcome difficulties and forge ahead in the process of Chinese-style modernization. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has given Xinjiang (新疆) care and love, established the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era, given Xinjiang (新疆) "five strategic positions," and introduced policy measures to better adhere to people's livelihood, gather people's hearts, and promote the high-quality economic and social development of Xinjiang (新疆), leading the work of Xinjiang (新疆) to adhere to integrity and innovation and move forward victoriously. Under the unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, the whole Party and the whole country have firmly established the idea of "a chess game," improved the working mechanism of central departments supporting and guiding, provinces and cities supporting and cooperating, and Xinjiang (新疆) playing a leading role, forming a strong synergy for jointly building a beautiful Xinjiang (新疆). The state has given special support in terms of financial funds, project construction, preferential policies, industrial support, and investment guidance. Since 2012, the central government has cumulatively transferred more than 4 trillion yuan to Xinjiang (新疆), which increased to 543.479 billion yuan in 2024. The strong leadership and cordial care of the Party Central Committee have provided fundamental guidance and injected strong political, spiritual, and working impetus for doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era.
Paired assistance to Xinjiang (新疆) has been improved in quality and efficiency. Paired assistance to Xinjiang (新疆) is a strategic move to achieve social stability and lasting peace in Xinjiang (新疆). Central and state organs, central enterprises, and relevant provinces and cities adhere to comprehensive assistance to Xinjiang (新疆), precise assistance to Xinjiang (新疆), and long-term assistance to Xinjiang (新疆), and implement all-round paired assistance in terms of cadres and talents, industrial projects, science and technology education, medical and health care, culture and tourism, etc. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a cumulative amount of more than 200 billion yuan has been arranged for assistance to Xinjiang (新疆), and the investment amount of economic cooperation projects coordinated and landed is 3 trillion yuan, attracting more than 15,000 enterprises, and promoting Xinjiang (新疆) to embark on the track of high-quality development. Assistance to Xinjiang (新疆) has always focused on ensuring and improving people's livelihood. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, 89.2% of the funds for assistance to Xinjiang (新疆) projects were invested in the field of people's livelihood, and 91.3% were invested in the grassroots, promoting the continuous improvement of the well-being of people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆). Through the work of assistance to Xinjiang (新疆), a large number of cadres and talents have been selected and sent to Xinjiang (新疆) to work, promoting the two-way rush of cadres and the masses between the assisting and receiving parties, arranging for grassroots cadres in Xinjiang (新疆) to go to the assisting provinces and cities for training, organizing cultural exchange activities among ethnic groups, and promoting multi-level and multi-form interaction among ethnic groups inside and outside Xinjiang (新疆). The vast number of cadres and talents assisting Xinjiang (新疆) support Xinjiang (新疆) and dedicate themselves to Xinjiang (新疆), closely linking the hearts of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) and the people of the whole country, forming a strong synergy for jointly realizing the Chinese dream.
The integrated development of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (新疆生产建设兵团) and local areas injects new impetus. The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (新疆生产建设兵团) is an important strategic force for achieving the overall goal of Xinjiang (新疆) work. The autonomous region and the corps adhere to the principle of "one game of chess" between the corps and local areas, vigorously promote the integrated layout of strategic planning, the integrated formulation of overall planning, the effective connection of special planning, and the coordinated coordination of regional planning, and build a development pattern of complementary advantages and deep embedding. Innovate and improve the working mechanism for the integrated development of the corps and local areas, jointly implement a number of important infrastructure projects, jointly build Hami (哈密), Zhundong (准东), and the Tarim Basin (塔里木) 3 ten-million-kilowatt-level new energy bases, and actively promote the high-quality development of open platforms such as free trade pilot zones, comprehensive bonded zones, development and opening-up pilot zones, and economic and technological development zones. Continue to promote resource sharing and service integration, 10 pairs of universities, 20 pairs of secondary vocational schools, and 590 primary and secondary schools (kindergartens) have established "hand-in-hand" pairing assistance relationships, and the corps and local areas have successfully formed 196 medical consortia of various types. The depth and breadth of the integrated development of the corps and local areas have been continuously expanded, composing a moving chapter of unity and mutual assistance, complementary advantages, and common development.
Unite and struggle to build a beautiful homeland. Today's Xinjiang (新疆) is characterized by social stability and harmony, strong development momentum, ethnic unity and progress, cultural prosperity and development, religious harmony and harmony, and people living and working in peace and contentment. A new atmosphere of stability, harmony, and vigorous development is presented everywhere north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山). Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and with the strong support of the people of the whole country, more than 26 million cadres, workers, and people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) keep their entrustments in mind, are grateful and forge ahead, fully and accurately implement the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era, firmly grasp the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace, take the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, give play to the main role, earnestly shoulder responsibilities, and solidly promote the fundamental, basic, and long-term work related to lasting peace and stability, and have burst out with unprecedented historical initiative and historical creative spirit, and are writing a Xinjiang (新疆) chapter of Chinese-style modernization with full confidence, and striving to turn the grand blueprint drawn by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core for Xinjiang (新疆) into reality.
Concluding remarks
History is like a tide, and the road is like a whetstone. The pass is long and arduous, and the sails are raised again.
The great achievements in reform, development, and stability in Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era are fundamentally due to General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) leadership as the core of the Party Central Committee and the core of the whole Party, fundamentally due to the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and fundamentally due to the full and accurate implementation of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era.
The Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era has guided the modernization of the border governance system and governance capacity to achieve a historic leap, and has found a correct path to coordinate development and security in the border areas, solidly promote the Xinjiang (新疆) practice of Chinese-style modernization, and achieve the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace in Xinjiang (新疆).
Although the dream is distant, it can be reached if pursued; although the wish is difficult, it can be fulfilled if persisted. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区). Looking forward to the future, in the magnificent practice north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山), and in the great journey of Chinese-style modernization, the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era will surely continue to demonstrate its great power, and will surely continue to enrich and develop. Under the guidance of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era, the road to development in Xinjiang (新疆), China will surely become wider and wider, and the tomorrow of Xinjiang (新疆), China will surely be more brilliant and splendid.
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), September 20)
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Zhengzhou, September 20th. The 3rd National Vocational Skills Competition of the People's Republic of China opened on the 19th in Zhengzhou (郑州市), Henan Province (河南省). State Councilor Chen Yiqin (谌贻琴) announced the opening and conducted research on employment work. She emphasized the need to thoroughly study and implement the important instructions and directives of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) on employment and skilled personnel, earnestly implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, place stable employment in a more prominent position, strengthen the training of skilled personnel with greater efforts, and better promote high-quality and full employment.
On the 20th, Chen Yiqin (谌贻琴) visited the skill display and exchange area of the competition, as well as competition projects in manufacturing, transportation, and service categories. She pointed out that it is necessary to continuously improve the training level of skilled personnel by widely carrying out various vocational skill competitions to achieve 以赛促学 (yǐ sài cù xué - "promote learning through competition," using competition to stimulate learning), 以赛促训 (yǐ sài cù xùn - "promote training through competition," using competition to stimulate training), 以赛促评 (yǐ sài cù píng - "promote evaluation through competition," using competition to stimulate evaluation), and 以赛促建 (yǐ sài cù jiàn - "promote construction through competition," using competition to stimulate construction). It is necessary to focus on key areas and key industries, take the implementation of the "Skills Light Up the Future" training action as a guide, precisely implement vocational skill improvement training, and effectively solve structural employment contradictions.
Chen Yiqin (谌贻琴) also went deep into enterprises, employment and entrepreneurship service centers, and business incubation institutions to understand the employment of enterprises, vocational skill improvement training, employment and entrepreneurship services, and the employment of key groups. She emphasized the need to fully grasp employment as the most basic livelihood, adhere to the employment-first orientation, thoroughly implement a series of stable employment policies, support enterprises to actively stabilize and expand employment, and promote the employment of key groups such as college graduates and migrant workers. It is necessary to improve the public employment service system, hold more "small but beautiful" and "specialized and refined" recruitment activities, and effectively meet the differentiated employment needs of different workers. It is necessary to make good use of various market-oriented entrepreneurship incubation resources and actively promote entrepreneurship to drive employment.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Hefei, September 20th. The 2025 World Manufacturing Convention opened in Hefei (合肥), Anhui (安徽) on the 20th. Wang Yong (王勇), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech.
Wang Yong (王勇) stated that President Xi Jinping (习近平) attaches great importance to the development of manufacturing. In 2019, he sent a congratulatory letter to the World Manufacturing Convention. Over the past six years, under the guidance of the spirit of President Xi Jinping's (习近平) important congratulatory letter, China has adhered to the concept of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation with all parties, leveraged the platform role of the conference, deepened pragmatic cooperation, and provided strong support for the development of global manufacturing. Facing a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, China will firmly practice the four global initiatives proposed by President Xi Jinping (习近平), and is willing to strengthen cooperation with all parties in key areas such as manufacturing, break down barriers to the flow of factors such as technology, talent, and data, promote the deep integration of industry, academia, research, and application, break through key core technologies, promote the transformation and application of achievements, achieve green and low-carbon development, and jointly create a better future for high-quality development.
The theme of this conference is "Intelligent Manufacturing World · Creating a Better Future," and more than 1,000 guests from over 40 countries and regions around the world are participating.
Return to TopOn September 20, the 500 kV Xiquan Substation (西泉变电站) in Tieling (铁岭), Liaoning (辽宁) was successfully energized. Construction on this project began in March 2024 and can meet the grid connection needs of more than 2 million kilowatts of new energy sources such as wind power and solar power, and can add more than 3 billion kilowatt-hours of clean energy consumption annually.
Liu Jiahua (刘佳华), Fan Xiaoyu (范晓宇) photographed and reported.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李建广 施 芳
In the autumn of Beijing (北京), ascending the Tiananmen (天安门) Rostrum for a distant view: the central axis runs through the north and south, a millennium-old capital, magnificent and beautiful; Chang'an Street (长安街) runs through the east and west, a modern metropolis, a picturesque scene.
"This special trip here is not only to appreciate the beauty of the central axis, but also to feel the strong patriotic atmosphere," said Liu Wentao (刘文韬), a tourist from Chengde (承德市), Hebei Province (河北省), unable to hide his excitement.
Culture flows in the urban texture, integrates into the national bloodline, and nourishes the people's spiritual home.
When General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) inspected work in Beijing (北京) in February 2014, he clearly defined the city's strategic positioning as the National Cultural Center. In February 2017, when General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) inspected work in Beijing (北京), he emphasized: "Beijing's (北京) historical culture is a great testament to the long history of Chinese civilization. It is necessary to protect it more carefully, highlight the overall value of Beijing's (北京) historical culture, and strengthen the urban characteristics of 'capital style, ancient capital charm, and contemporary style.'"
In recent years, Beijing (北京) has placed the construction of the National Cultural Center in a prominent position in the capital's development in the new era, vigorously inheriting and developing ancient capital culture, red culture, Beijing (京味) culture, and innovative culture, and accelerating the construction of a capital of advanced socialist culture with Chinese characteristics.
Yin Li (尹力), Secretary of the Beijing (北京市委) Municipal Party Committee, said, "We must keep in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) earnest entrustment, thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Culture, earnestly do a good job in the construction of the National Cultural Center, continue to tell Chinese stories and Beijing (北京) stories well, and strive to make greater contributions to the construction of a strong cultural country."
Protecting the cultural heritage is to guard its roots.
On September 10, Beijing (北京) added another world-class "cultural card." The Yongding River (永定河) Ancient Canal Irrigation Project in Mentougou (门头沟) District, Beijing (北京), was selected into the World Irrigation Engineering Heritage List.
Protection, inheritance. Southeast of the Yongding River (永定河) ancient irrigation canal, the Liulihe (琉璃河) Site, generations of archaeologists have explored the "source of the city" of Beijing (北京), verifying Beijing's (北京) more than 3,000-year history of city construction, and the preliminary work for applying for World Heritage status has now begun.
More than 3,000 years of city construction history and more than 870 years of capital construction history have paved the way for Beijing's (北京) cultural heritage. "We adhere to overall protection and dynamic inheritance, and constantly polish the golden name card of historical culture," said Zhang Lixin (张立新), Director of the Beijing (北京市文物局) Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics.
The Xiannongtan (先农坛) Temple of Agriculture, the Shecang (神仓) Granary, Qingcheng Palace (庆成宫), and Zhengyangmen (正阳门) Arrow Tower are open to the public. The successful application of the Beijing (北京) Central Axis for World Heritage status has led to the successful completion of more than 100 cultural relic protection projects. The "Beijing (北京) Central Axis Protection and Inheritance Three-Year Action Plan (2025-2027)" has been released. "The old city can no longer be demolished." Gradual "micro-renovation" promotes the restoration of the texture of Hutong (胡同) streets and alleys, and the living environment of the masses has been improved... The old city has been rejuvenated.
The Luxian (路县) Ancient City Ruins Park and Museum are open. Since the opening of the three major cultural facilities in the Beijing (北京) Urban Sub-Center, the number of visitors has exceeded 10 million. The China Great Wall Museum (中国长城博物馆) has been renovated and upgraded. The "Great Wall National Cultural Park (Beijing Section) Construction and Protection Three-Year Action Plan (2024-2026)" has been introduced. Wanping (宛平城) City has been renovated and opened. The Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War (中国人民抗日战争纪念馆) has received more than 800,000 visitors after its renovation and expansion... The quality of the Great Wall Cultural Belt, the Grand Canal Cultural Belt, and the Xishan Yongding River (西山永定河) Cultural Belt continues to improve.
Using culture to cultivate people is to activate their souls.
How to understand the significance of cultural inheritance and development?
Not long ago, at the Dongsi Hutong (东四胡同) Museum in Dongcheng (东城区), in conjunction with expert theoretical lectures, a Qinshu (琴书) performance took the audience into the long history of the central axis, and a city planner's "Hutong (胡同) repair account book" allowed the masses to see the detailed changes at their doorsteps. Many viewers exclaimed: "It turns out that the theory also contains the lives of our ordinary people."
Let warm theories warm people's hearts and gather people's hearts. In recent years, Beijing (北京) has fully tapped into its rich cultural resources and innovatively organized special publicity activities of "theory + people + literature and art." At the same time, facing the university student group, it has carried out the "'Jing'cai Culture, Youth Bloom" action plan to create a vivid "Great Ideological and Political Class," which has covered more than 400,000 university students.
"As young people in the new era, we must remember history, live up to our trust, and take on our responsibilities." This is the heartfelt message written by a university student in the guestbook of the Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War (中国人民抗日战争纪念馆). The red bloodline has been passed down from generation to generation, and Beijing (北京) has built three major red cultural theme areas: the founding of the Party, the War of Resistance Against Japan, and the founding of New China.
Culture is not only a spiritual link that unites people's hearts, but also a key factor in enhancing people's well-being.
"Let's go to the book market!" The "Me and Ditan (地坛)" Beijing (北京) Book Market, which opened on September 12, attracted countless book lovers. There is the Chaoyang (朝阳) Book Market in the spring and the Ditan (地坛) Book Market in the autumn. More than 30,000 reading activities run throughout the year, and more than 2,100 physical bookstores are located throughout the city. The "Scholarly Beijing (书香京城)" is rooted downwards.
Cultural construction focuses on people and is based on people. The "City of Museums" is growing rapidly. In 2024, museums throughout the city will receive approximately 100 million visitors. The "Capital of Performing Arts" has a myriad of sights. A number of major cultural facilities such as the Beijing Art Museum (北京艺术博物馆), the Beijing Opera and Dance Theater (北京歌舞剧院), and the China National Acrobatic Troupe (中国杂技艺术中心) are planned and constructed. 85 new performing arts spaces such as the Tianqiao (天桥) Art Center's new space theater are booming. The number of literary and artistic masterpieces that have won the "Five-One Project" award for spiritual civilization construction leads the country.
Socialist core values have become a trend, leading the city's civilization and fashion. Today, the "Beijing (北京) Model" brand has inspired nearly 500,000 ordinary good deeds by people around them, and more than 4.75 million registered volunteers are distributed in streets and alleys. Concepts such as "Clean Plate Campaign" and "Green Life" are integrated into people's daily lives.
Using culture to revitalize industry is to invigorate its spirit.
"Visiting celebrity residences, eating, shopping, and sports and leisure are integrated into one stop." In the afternoon, Ms. Wang (王女士), who lives in Taoranting (陶然亭) Street, Xicheng (西城区), brought her friends to visit the Daji Lane (大吉巷) business district near her home.
Above ground, the cultural heritage courtyards have been restored to their original state; underground, the commercial streets are crowded with people; in the air, the corridors connect the viewing platforms. The integration and co-existence of tradition and modernity, humanities and economy, releases a "strong magnetic field" of consumption. Since its opening in May this year, sales in the Daji Lane (大吉巷) business district have exceeded 260 million yuan, and the highest single-day passenger flow has reached 220,100.
The cultural heritage continues and the commercial heritage is renewed. "From a crowded Hutong (胡同) 'large courtyard' to a 'city cultural living room,' the key to the revitalization of Daji Lane (大吉巷) is the innovative integration and development of culture, commerce, and tourism," said Liu Dongwei (刘东伟), Secretary of the Xicheng (西城区委) District Party Committee.
Humanistic economics empowers the city's high-quality development. A movie ticket stub drives 25.17 billion yuan in consumption, and the 15th Beijing (北京) International Film Festival leverages "big consumption." An exhibition connects tourism, commerce, etc. "See Yin Shang" creates a "exhibition +" diversified scene... Cultural, commercial, tourism, and sports are coordinated and linked, and the mechanism innovation taps potential. The Action Plan for Innovation and Development in the Cultural Field Empowered by Science and Technology has been introduced, and the first batch of 12 Beijing (北京市) Cultural and Technological Integration Demonstration Bases have been identified... The deep integration of culture and technology and the empowerment of technology add momentum. In the first half of this year, the operating income of Beijing's (北京) cultural enterprises above designated size exceeded 1.22 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.3%.
The city thrives with culture, attracting people from near and far. In the first eight months of this year, Beijing (北京) received a total of 3.362 million inbound tourists, a year-on-year increase of 44%. Pop Mart and other trendy toys have "attracted" young people overseas, and Beijing-produced (京产) online literature, online games, and micro-dramas have a strong momentum to go overseas... Here, ancient and modern Chinese and foreign cultures blend and converge; from here, Chinese civilization strides towards the world.
Return to TopBeijing (北京), September 20th (Reporter Lu Fanbing (陆凡冰) and Sun Xiuyan (孙秀艳)) The National Healthcare Security Administration's Joint Procurement Office released the documents for the 11th round of national centralized drug procurement on the 20th. Information shows that the reporting volume work for this centralized procurement was completed in August. According to statistics, a total of 46,359 medical institutions participated in the reporting volume. 77% of the reporting volume from medical institutions was based on specific brands, and 23% was based on generic names.
In the early stage, the National Healthcare Security Administration (国家医保局) formulated the 11th round of national centralized drug procurement plan and solicited opinions from relevant departments, industry associations, and enterprises twice. Based on fully absorbing reasonable opinions and suggestions from all parties, adhering to the principles of "stabilizing clinical practice, ensuring quality, preventing bid-rigging, and preventing internal competition," the rules for centralized drug procurement were refined and improved to ensure the quality and supply of drugs.
This centralized procurement fully solicited and adopted the opinions of the drug regulatory authorities and market regulatory authorities, and on the basis of ensuring fairness, put forward higher requirements for the quality control level of bidding companies.
The relevant person in charge of the National Healthcare Security Administration (国家医保局) stated that drug quality is the red line of supervision and management, and also the bottom line of centralized procurement work. The drug regulatory authorities will include the selected products in the scope of key supervision and inspection, and carry out "two full coverage" of inspection of selected companies and sampling inspection of selected products.
In order to better ensure clinical supply and meet diversified needs, multiple selected companies may supply each region or even each medical institution in this centralized procurement. At the same time, the implementation of the selected results will be further strengthened. Selected companies are required to be the primary responsible party for supply guarantee, respond to medical institutions' orders in a timely manner and complete delivery; medical institutions are required to prioritize the purchase of selected products, complete the agreed purchase volume on time in accordance with the agreement, and fulfill the obligation to settle payments in a timely manner. The medical insurance department will unblock the channels for medical institutions and selected companies to provide feedback on the implementation of centralized procurement results. After verification of relevant issues, measures will be taken in accordance with the tender documents, procurement contracts, and relevant policies and regulations. During the procurement cycle, if the selected company fails to fulfill its supply commitment without justified reasons, affecting clinical use, it will be included in the "violation list" depending on the circumstances, its selected qualification will be revoked, and its qualification to participate in national centralized drug procurement activities within 6 months to 5 years will be revoked.
This centralized procurement paid special attention to the supply guarantee of children's medicines. The National Healthcare Security Administration (国家医保局) and the National Joint Procurement Office (国家组织药品联合采购办公室), together with relevant departments and experts, specially demonstrated the pricing rules for small-sized drugs suitable for children. For small-sized oral solutions, dry suspensions, granules, injections and other dosage forms suitable for children, "content difference pricing" was used instead of "packaging difference pricing", and the price of small specifications was relaxed after the adjustment.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李增辉 姜 峰 原韬雄
The Yangtze River "embraces" the Jialing River (嘉陵江) in Chongqing (重庆) and then flows through Guoyuan Port (果园港) in Liangjiang New Area (两江新区), China's largest inland multi-modal transport hub. North of the port lies the Liangjiang Factory (两江工厂) of China Changan Automobile Group (中国长安汽车集团).
Inside the modern factory area, new energy vehicles are neatly arranged; on the roof of the factory buildings, a "blue sea" is spread out - more than 150,000 photovoltaic modules with a total area of over 400,000 square meters provide a continuous supply of green electricity for the company's production.
Promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of economic and social development is a key link in achieving high-quality development. In April 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out during his inspection in Chongqing (重庆): "Chongqing (重庆) has a good manufacturing foundation and abundant scientific, educational, and talent resources. It is necessary to focus on building a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone" and "vigorously promote green development, build a beautiful Chongqing (重庆), and build a solid important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (长江)."
Anchored in green and high-quality development, highlighting the green background of new industrialization, and continuously improving the "green content" of industry, Chongqing (重庆) is focusing on three aspects.
-- Industrial structure optimization, skillfully doing "addition and subtraction."
What to add? Continuously increase the proportion of low-energy consumption, high-output industrial scale, and expand the increment.
A 49-ton heavy truck, equipped with a 300-kilowatt hydrogen power module, is about to achieve large-scale operation in Xinjiang (新疆). This hydrogen power module is a mass-produced product of Bosch Hydrogen Power System (Chongqing) Co., Ltd. (博世氢动力系统（重庆）有限公司). "In key areas such as hydrogen energy and high-end equipment manufacturing, the district has gathered 736 high-tech enterprises and 4,455 technology-based enterprises," introduced Yan Guocun (严国存), Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of the Jiulongpo District (九龙坡区) Economic and Information Technology Commission.
Focusing on the modern manufacturing cluster system and expanding the scale of green emerging industries, Chongqing (重庆) is focusing on building three trillion-yuan-level leading industrial clusters: intelligent connected new energy vehicles, a new generation of electronic information manufacturing, and advanced materials. In the first eight months of this year, Chongqing's (重庆) new energy vehicle production was 690,000 units, an increase of 31.4% year-on-year; the average export price of notebook computers increased by 9.8%, and integrated circuit production was 7.6 billion units, an increase of 65.6% year-on-year.
What to subtract? Strictly control the development scale of high-energy consumption and high-emission industries, and digest the stock.
Carrying out industrial energy conservation supervision for more than 1,000 enterprises, and implementing more than 6,000 industrial technology transformation projects... From 2021 to 2024, the cumulative decrease in energy consumption per unit of added value of Chongqing's (重庆市) industrial enterprises above designated size was 12.3%. By improving product value and reducing production costs, the proportion of added value of the city's six major high-energy-consuming industries in the industrial enterprises above designated size has been reduced to below 25%, which is better than the national average level.
-- Green benchmark leadership, cultivating "leading geese."
Chongqing Huafeng Chemical Co., Ltd. (重庆华峰化工有限公司) is located in Fuling District (涪陵区). For more than 10 years, it has carried out hundreds of technical breakthroughs and innovations in energy conservation, emission reduction, and circular economy. "The company's independently developed new adipic acid production process has more than 30 patents, realizing a carbon comprehensive utilization rate of over 96% for the green and efficient co-production of refined adipic acid by alkane and alkene methods," said Xie Yi (谢毅), Executive Deputy General Manager of the company. The company has been rated as a national-level green factory, and its adipic acid products have been rated as national-level manufacturing single champion products, with an annual production capacity of 1.355 million tons and sales to dozens of countries and regions.
The Jianqiao Industrial Park (建桥工业园区) in Dadukou District (大渡口区), relying on leading enterprises in the industry such as Sanfeng Environment (三峰环境) and International Composite (国际复合), has formed a characteristic industrial chain advantage. Last year, the output value of the low-carbon environmental protection industry increased by about 20%. "Deeply integrating the concept of green development into industrial planning and brand shaping, low-carbon environmental protection has now become a bright business card for the park's investment promotion," said Liu Yuqing (刘裕晴), Director of the Park Development Center.
Improving the "green content" of development brings "gold content" to the industry. As of now, Chongqing (重庆) has built 170 national-level green factories and 16 national-level green industrial parks. The output value of national-level green factories accounts for 29.5% of the city's total industrial output value above designated size. In addition, Chongqing (重庆) empowers green manufacturing entities with green finance, forming more than 330 green financial products such as green credit.
-- Resource recycling, creating an "ecosystem."
Revitalizing rooftop resources in the park, building Chongqing's (重庆市) first standard factory building photovoltaic energy storage and charging integrated project. If the generated electricity is not used up, the surplus electricity can be connected to the grid; by building centralized sewage treatment and wastewater recycling facilities, the water reuse rate has been maintained above 97% for three consecutive years... Chongqing Digital Intelligence Industrial Park (重庆数智产业园), located in Banan District (巴南区), gathers more than 900 enterprises in optoelectronics, new displays, and consumer goods industries. "Focusing on the urgent needs of enterprises for low-carbon supply chains, we have built a full life cycle circular economy infrastructure, effectively reducing enterprises' production energy consumption and emission costs," said Ding Hua (丁华), head of Chongqing Digital Intelligence Industrial Park (重庆数智产业园).
Enterprise circular production, park circular operation, and industrial circular connection, Chongqing (重庆) is accelerating the construction of a resource recycling "ecosystem." At present, the city has formed an annual resource recycling capacity of 4.5 million tons of waste steel, 600,000 tons of recycled aluminum, 200,000 tons of waste tires, and 300,000 tons of foundry waste sand. The comprehensive utilization rate of bulk industrial solid waste has remained above 70% for many years; the cumulative decrease in water consumption per unit of added value of the city's industrial enterprises above designated size has been more than 15%, reaching the national "14th Five-Year Plan" industrial water conservation goal.
In Zhongxian (忠县), located in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Conch Cement Co., Ltd. (重庆海螺水泥有限责任公司), built on the bank of the Yangtze River (长江), has an "environmental stomach": through resource-based disposal projects, it "eats" domestic and kitchen waste, replacing the fuel required for production, saving 42,000 tons of standard coal per year. Building ecological forests, ultra-low emission transformation, and fully enclosed management of the factory area, more than 3,000 egrets have chosen to nest here. Egrets flutter among the towering kilns, writing a vivid footnote to "a river of clear water flows eastward" (一江碧水向东流 (yī jiāng bì shuǐ xiàng dōng liú - "a river of clear water flows eastward," describes a river with clear water flowing towards the east, often used to depict a beautiful and clean environment)).
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李亚楠 刘 歌
From September 10th to 17th, the 2025 International Parliamentarians' Friendship Exchange Forum, hosted by the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries (中国人民对外友好协会), was held in Beijing (北京市) and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区). The forum, themed "Building a Global Partnership for Cooperation and Promoting Sustainable Common Development," was attended by more than 60 foreign parliamentarians from five continents and representatives from relevant Chinese institutions. The participating guests discussed topics such as high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road," ecological environmental protection and green development, ethnic regional autonomy and human rights protection, minority culture protection, and ethnic unity and common development, deepening mutual learning and promoting mutual trust and cooperation, contributing wisdom and strength to jointly building a community with a shared future for mankind and creating a better future.
"People of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) are united, harmonious, friendly, and living and working in peace and contentment."
During their visit to Xinjiang (新疆), foreign parliamentarians visited Kashgar (喀什), Kizilsu (克孜勒苏), Aksu (阿克苏), Ili (伊犁), Urumqi (乌鲁木齐), Changji (昌吉) and other places, witnessing the vivid practice of ethnic unity, understanding the true face of prosperity and openness, touching the leaping pulse of green development, and perceiving the new atmosphere of Chinese-style modernization from multiple dimensions.
During a visit to Aksu (阿克苏), the harmonious scene of people of all ethnic groups sitting together chatting and enjoying a happy life left a deep impression on the Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica, Léausau I. Dotty (伊萨克). "These life scenes made me truly feel that the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) are united, harmonious, friendly, and living and working in peace and contentment," said Léausau I. Dotty (伊萨克).
"The happy life of people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) powerfully demonstrates that Xinjiang (新疆) has always adhered to the people-centered development concept." Senator Cora Cecilia Pinedo Alonso (波列文斯基), Chair of the Asia-Pacific Committee of the Mexican Senate, said that Xinjiang's (新疆) efforts and achievements in protecting human rights are obvious to all, "Solving the people's food and clothing problems, guaranteeing the right to education, and enhancing people's economic self-reliance are the real realization of human rights."
Senator Stefania Craxi (利凯里), Vice President of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee of the Italian Senate, said that in Xinjiang (新疆), different ethnic groups live in harmony, and mutual respect, freedom, equality, and care for others are common values recognized by everyone.
"I see that Xinjiang's (新疆) economy is booming, society is full of vitality, and it is steadily moving on the road to development." Representative A. Kanie Wesso Gboyah (盖耶), Chair of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the House of Representatives of Liberia, said that he felt that the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) enjoy equal rights and that their ethnic cultures are respected and protected.
"The lives of ordinary Chinese people are becoming more and more prosperous, which is a remarkable achievement." During a visit to the community people's congress representative liaison station in Kashgar Old City (喀什古城), National Council Member Leevi Katomaa Aipinge (艾普) of Namibia said with emotion, "China's governance experience is worth studying and learning from. I want to take what I have seen and heard here back to let more Namibians understand the real Xinjiang (新疆)."
"The harmonious coexistence of man and nature is a distinctive feature of Chinese-style modernization."
The yellow sand of the desert in the past shows lush greenery, and the barren land of the past is now full of fruits... After more than 30 years, the Aksu (阿克苏) region's Keke Yake (柯柯牙) desert greening project, which transformed the desert into a million-mu ecological forest belt and fruit base, creating a "Green Great Wall," shocked the parliamentarians. Léausau I. Dotty (伊萨克) said that he would take the innovative experience of Keke Yake (柯柯牙) back to Dominica to further learn from Xinjiang's (新疆) green development experience.
At the end of November 2024, the Xinjiang Taklamakan (新疆塔克拉玛干) Desert Locking Project achieved a comprehensive "closure," building a 3,046-kilometer-long protection belt around the edge of the desert. The project has curbed desert expansion and added hundreds of thousands of mu of arable land, providing a Chinese solution for global desertification control. Leevi Katomaa Aipinge (艾普) said that Namibia is easily affected by drought, land desertification, and water shortages, and Xinjiang's (新疆) ecological governance experience is worth learning.
Walking into the vertical agriculture exhibition area, leafy vegetable factory demonstration area, and fruit and vegetable factory demonstration area in the Changji Xinjiang (昌吉新疆) Agricultural Expo Park, visiting soilless cultivation, drone irrigation, photosynthesis intelligent regulation, and a series of agricultural high-tech applications to "tailor" the growth environment for crops, the visiting parliamentarians took photos and recorded them. Oybek Pulatov (奥伊别克), a member of the Agriculture and Water Resources Committee of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of Uzbekistan, said that these technologies have significantly improved agricultural production efficiency, and he hopes that more people can understand Xinjiang's (新疆) green development practices in water-saving irrigation and intelligent greenhouses.
"Xinjiang (新疆) has vast potential for renewable energy development. I learned that Xinjiang (新疆) is transporting clean energy to the eastern region by expanding energy storage equipment and ultra-high voltage power transmission infrastructure." Former South Korean Member of Parliament Hong Ihk-pyo (洪翼杓) said, "Actively responding to climate change and promoting green growth are undoubtedly effective paths for mankind to achieve sustainable development."
"The harmonious coexistence of man and nature is a distinctive feature of Chinese-style modernization." Burundian Member of Parliament Muhirwa Anicet (穆希瓦尔) said, "Xinjiang's (新疆) experience and wisdom in green and low-carbon development are worth learning from by the countries of the Global South. I fully agree with China's proposal to 'jointly build a community of life on Earth,' which helps to deepen international cooperation and lead pragmatic action."
"The benefits and results of high-quality joint construction of the 'Belt and Road' are tangible."
The International Parliamentarians' Friendship Exchange Forum was initiated by the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries (中国人民对外友好协会) in 2023, aiming to promote international parliamentary cooperation, enhance people's friendship, maintain world peace, and promote common development by strengthening friendly exchanges between parliamentarians of various countries. The forum has developed into an important platform for building consensus, a bridge for enhancing friendship, and a vivid window for showcasing China's image.
Through on-the-spot visits, the parliamentarians truly felt the surging momentum of Xinjiang's (新疆) high-level opening to the outside world and the vigorous vitality of high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road." Relying on its regional location advantages, Xinjiang (新疆) is building a high-level opening pattern with "one port, two zones, five major centers, and a port economic belt" as the main line. As of July this year, more than 10,000 China-Europe (Central Asia) freight trains have passed through the Alashankou (阿拉山口) and Khorgos (霍尔果斯) railway ports in Xinjiang (新疆), making Xinjiang (新疆) a "golden channel" connecting Asia and Europe.
"As a flagship project of high-quality joint construction of the 'Belt and Road,' the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (中巴经济走廊) has driven more than 25 billion US dollars in direct investment, greatly promoting Pakistan's economic and social development." Pakistani Member of Parliament Chaudhry Muhammad Ashraf (乔杜里) said that the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" initiative has become one of the important international cooperation platforms for promoting global connectivity and global development. Through the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (中巴经济走廊), Pakistan and China are working hard to transform the vision of shared development into reality.
Belarus was one of the first countries to respond to and actively participate in the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" initiative. Andrei Ivanovich Rusakovich (阿列伊尼克), Chairman of the Standing Committee on International Affairs and National Security of the Council of the Republic of the National Assembly of Belarus and former Minister of Foreign Affairs, said: "The joint construction of the 'Belt and Road' initiative has provided us with broad cooperation opportunities. All partners discuss, build, and share together, providing a new model for international cooperation."
Zimbabwean Member of Parliament Mduumi July (姆杜米) said that the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" has brought tremendous changes to the economic and social development of African countries, "The benefits and results of high-quality joint construction of the 'Belt and Road' are tangible, improving the level of connectivity between Zimbabwe and neighboring countries and promoting regional economic development."
Return to TopThe United States and China should, in accordance with the important consensus reached by the two heads of state, demonstrate the necessary political wisdom and historical responsibility, strengthen dialogue, enhance mutual trust, manage differences, deepen cooperation, and jointly promote the development of Sino-US relations along a healthy and stable track.
On September 19, President Xi Jinping (习近平) had a phone call with US President Donald Trump (唐纳德·特朗普), during which they exchanged frank and in-depth views on the current Sino-US relations and issues of common concern. This call was pragmatic, positive, and constructive, providing crucial strategic guidance for the development of bilateral relations in the next stage.
To explore the correct way for China and the United States, two major countries, to get along, answers can be found in history. During the World Anti-Fascist War, the people of China and the United States fought side by side, making significant contributions to safeguarding world peace and justice. The story of the Flying Tigers is widely known in China, and the story of the Chinese military and civilians bravely rescuing Lieutenant Colonel Doolittle (杜立特) and other American pilots has moved many American friends. Eighty years after the end of World War II, the friendship between the people of China and the United States, forged in blood and fire, has been passed down from generation to generation. For the sake of world peace and international justice, China and the United States once sincerely joined hands. In today's world of intertwined changes and turmoil, with sluggish global economic growth, China and the United States should draw on historical wisdom, focus on the common interests of both sides and the world, and carry out effective cooperation. This is the responsibility entrusted to China and the United States by history, and it is also the common expectation of the international community.
Head-of-state diplomacy plays an irreplaceable strategic leading role in Sino-US relations. In the past few months, it is precisely under the guidance of the important consensus of the two heads of state that the economic and trade teams of both sides have held talks in Geneva (日内瓦), London (伦敦), Stockholm (斯德哥尔摩), and Madrid (马德里), reaching positive consensus. The consultations between the two sides reflected the spirit of equality, respect, and mutual benefit, and promoted the development of Sino-US economic and trade relations in a healthy, stable, and sustainable direction. This fully demonstrates that to ensure that the two giant ships of China and the United States move forward together without deviating or stalling, it is necessary to adhere to the strategic leadership of the two heads of state without wavering, to implement the important consensus of the two heads of state without discount, and to adhere to the three principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, and win-win cooperation without relaxation.
Mutually beneficial and win-win Sino-US economic and trade relations require both sides to broaden their horizons, focus on the long term, and adhere to cooperation. In the recent talks held in Madrid (马德里), Spain (西班牙), China and the United States reached a basic framework consensus on properly resolving the TikTok issue through cooperation. The outcome of the talks shows that the two sides can properly handle outstanding issues in bilateral relations on the basis of equal dialogue and consultation, and strive to achieve win-win results. On the TikTok issue, the Chinese government respects the wishes of enterprises and is pleased to see enterprises conduct commercial negotiations on the basis of complying with market rules and reach solutions that comply with Chinese laws and regulations and balance interests. The US side should meet the Chinese side halfway and provide an open, fair, and non-discriminatory business environment for Chinese companies to invest in the United States. China has always emphasized that dialogue and consultation have principles, and the atmosphere of cooperation needs to be jointly created and maintained. China's right to development shall not be undermined, its determination to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests is unwavering, and any idea of forcing China to make concessions in principle through pressure is unrealistic. The US side should lift unilateral trade restrictions to prevent impacting the hard-won results of consultations between the two sides.
China and the United States can completely achieve each other, achieve common prosperity, benefit both countries, and benefit the world. The realization of this vision is not a smooth path and requires both sides to demonstrate the broad-mindedness and responsibility of major countries, adhere to moving in the same direction, and work together. The strategic communication between the two heads of state has injected valuable stability into the development of Sino-US relations. The two sides should, in accordance with the important consensus reached by the two heads of state, demonstrate the necessary political wisdom and historical responsibility, strengthen dialogue, enhance mutual trust, manage differences, deepen cooperation, and jointly promote the development of Sino-US relations along a healthy and stable track.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 沈小晓
"Under China's (中国) advocacy and leadership, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) demonstrates a model of civilizational cooperation based on mutual respect and partnership. This will promote the SCO to develop into a closer community with a shared future and make greater contributions to promoting the construction of a human community with a shared future." Nadia Helmy, professor of political science at Beni Suef University in Egypt, said in a recent interview with this reporter that the 2025 SCO Tianjin (天津) Summit is the largest summit since the establishment of the SCO and has received widespread attention from the international community, reflecting the SCO's strong attraction and China's (中国) growing influence.
Nadia (纳迪娅) said that the summit was held against the background of multiple crises intertwined, and its successful holding demonstrated the firm will of the countries of the Global South to help each other and overcome difficulties together in the face of challenges. Over the years, security cooperation has always been an important agenda of the "SCO family." In the face of the current turbulent international situation, SCO member states have deepened cooperation in the field of security and played an important role in maintaining regional stability and prosperity.
"The SCO adheres to the practice of genuine multilateralism." Nadia (纳迪娅) said that during China's (中国) tenure as the rotating presidency, it promoted cooperation in achieving inclusive mutual benefit and sustainable development, enhancing the resilience of industrial and supply chains, and promoting innovation and green development, which is in line with the vision of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China (中国) actively promotes and participates in exchanges and dialogues with political parties, media, think tanks, etc., to promote the "Shanghai Spirit" and enhance understanding among members of the "SCO family."
Today, more and more countries are applying to join the "SCO family," and the development prospects of the SCO are widely favored. Nadia (纳迪娅) believes that the strong attraction of the SCO stems from its active advocacy and practice of the concept of the "Shanghai Spirit" as the core, which transcends Cold War thinking. SCO member states have always adhered to dialogue rather than confrontation, and partnership rather than alliance, and jointly promoted the construction of a new type of international relations. "'Shanghai Spirit' abandons exclusiveness and hegemonism, is committed to maintaining international fairness and justice, and provides new ideas for the development of a multi-polar world," said Nadia (纳迪娅).
In recent years, China (中国) and Egypt (埃及) have carried out close cooperation in many fields such as digital economy, green energy, health, education, and vocational training. Nadia (纳迪娅) said that the SCO has become an important platform for promoting Egyptian-Chinese cooperation and provides a broader strategic framework for strengthening Egyptian-Chinese bilateral relations. "Strengthening coordination and cooperation between Egypt (埃及) and China (中国) within the SCO framework will help promote the relationship between the two countries towards the goal of building an Egyptian-Chinese community with a shared future for the new era." Nadia (纳迪娅) said that the SCO, as a regional cooperation organization with important influence, is injecting new impetus into promoting fair multi-polarization and inclusive globalization.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 20th. A spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce (商务部) stated on the 20th, in response to a reporter's question regarding the progress of the TikTok issue, that they hope the U.S. will meet China halfway, earnestly fulfill relevant commitments, and provide an open, fair, just, and non-discriminatory business environment for Chinese enterprises, including TikTok, to continue operating in the U.S., thereby promoting the stable, healthy, and sustainable development of China-U.S. economic and trade relations.
A reporter asked: It is reported that the U.S. and China reached a basic framework consensus on the TikTok issue during talks in Madrid. On September 19th, the heads of state of the U.S. and China exchanged views on the TikTok issue during a phone call. Can the Ministry of Commerce (商务部) provide further details on the relevant progress?
The spokesperson said that from September 14th to 15th, local time, the U.S. and China held talks in Madrid, Spain (西班牙马德里), and reached a basic framework consensus on properly resolving TikTok-related issues through cooperation, reducing investment barriers, and promoting relevant economic and trade cooperation. On the evening of September 19th, the heads of state of the U.S. and China held a phone call, frankly and deeply exchanging views on the current state of China-U.S. relations and issues of common concern, and providing strategic guidance for the stable development of China-U.S. relations in the next stage.
The spokesperson said that China's position on the TikTok issue is clear. The Chinese government respects the wishes of enterprises and is pleased to see them conduct commercial negotiations on the basis of market rules and reach solutions that comply with Chinese laws and regulations and balance interests. "We hope the U.S. will meet China halfway, earnestly fulfill relevant commitments, and provide an open, fair, just, and non-discriminatory business environment for Chinese enterprises, including TikTok, to continue operating in the U.S., thereby promoting the stable, healthy, and sustainable development of China-U.S. economic and trade relations."
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 20th. Wang Yi (王毅), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of Foreign Affairs, expounded on China's views on the current Israeli-Palestinian conflict during talks with Moroccan Foreign Minister Bourita in Beijing (北京) on the 19th.
Wang Yi (王毅) stated that the conflict has been prolonged for two years, causing an unprecedented humanitarian disaster and breaching the bottom line of human conscience. Israel is determined to advance its plan to take over Gaza City, and airstrikes targeted Hamas personnel planning peace talks in Qatar, while accelerating the encroachment on the West Bank territory. These actions seriously violate international law and norms, not only do not help build its own security, but also put the "two-state solution" in a dangerous situation, directly impacting the stability of the Middle East. Military force cannot bring peace, and violence cannot bring security. Historical experience has repeatedly proven that security should be shared. Using violence to counter violence can only create and accumulate new hatred.
Wang Yi (王毅) emphasized that in the face of the current emergency situation, the international community should unite. First, it must promote a comprehensive ceasefire in Gaza with the greatest sense of urgency to alleviate the current humanitarian disaster. Countries with special influence on Israel should earnestly assume their responsibilities, and the UN Security Council and humanitarian agencies should also fulfill their duties. Second, the principle of "Palestinians governing Palestine" must be truly implemented. Gaza and the West Bank are both inseparable territories of Palestine. Any post-war governance and reconstruction arrangements should respect the will of the Palestinian people and safeguard the legitimate rights of the Palestinian nation. Third, we must adhere to the "two-state solution" without wavering, gather more international consensus, form a more unified position, support Palestine's membership as a full member of the United Nations on the basis of recognizing the State of Palestine, seek practical and feasible ways to promote the "two-state solution," and reject any unilateral actions that erode the foundation of the "two-state solution."
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 焦思雨
Experience the charm of modern technology by exploring artificial intelligence at the Ningxia Science and Technology Museum (宁夏科技馆); learn to bind wheat straw checkerboards on the edge of the Tengger Desert (腾格里沙漠) and appreciate the wisdom of China's ecological governance; and experience the breadth and depth of Chinese culture through a variety of activities... Recently, the 9th "Belt and Road" Youth Maker Camp and Teacher Workshop, sponsored by the China Association for Science and Technology (中国科协) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (科技部), was held in Ningxia (宁夏). 120 Chinese and foreign youths and science and technology teachers, focusing on the theme of "Building a Green Barrier and Sharing Scientific and Technological Achievements," used science, technology, culture, and innovation as links to carry out diversified practical explorations and experiences.
At the maker course of the Ningxia Science and Technology Museum (宁夏科技馆), young people from various countries actively think and practice under the guidance of professionals. Indonesian youth Hu Jianfeng (胡建丰) said: "These courses turn complex technologies into interesting experiments, which are worth learning from other countries in the training of young people's knowledge and abilities."
Ningxia (宁夏) is known as the "Jiangnan (江南) beyond the Great Wall." Relying on its unique geographical and climatic conditions, it empowers agricultural development with science and technology, and cultivates many "small specialties" into "big industries." During the event, the youths visited the intelligent production workshop of Sesan Dairy Co., Ltd. (塞尚乳业有限责任公司) to observe the fully automated assembly line operation and learn about its world's first low-temperature membrane separation technology; in the tomato greenhouse of Changsheng Photovoltaic Technology Ecological Park (昌盛光伏科技生态园), they felt the greenness and efficiency of smart agriculture and took photos with soilless cultivated cherry tomatoes, etc. "China not only pursues cutting-edge breakthroughs in the field of science and technology, but also pays more attention to transforming technology into tools to solve practical problems, so that innovative achievements can truly serve production and life," said Gilindra Adiyaprada, an Indonesian teacher.
"How can there be green plants in the desert?" When Muamin Ghanem, a lecturer at the Sustainable Development Education Center of Heliopolis University in Egypt, came to the edge of the Tengger Desert (腾格里沙漠) in Zhongwei (中卫), Ningxia (宁夏), he was full of curiosity about the rolling sand dunes in front of him and the neat wheat straw checkerboards on the sand dunes—Artemisia arenaria, Hedysarum scoparium and other psammophytes took root and grew between the grids, and patches of green were extending forward along the edge of the desert. "Egypt also has deserts, but it is completely different from here." Under the guidance of desert control workers, Ghanem personally tied up wheat straw checkerboards, "First use wheat straw to fix the sand, and then plant plants. China's desert control is based on respecting nature and scientifically controlling desertification."
In Ningxia (宁夏), 400,000 mu of abandoned mining areas and wasteland have been transformed into grape planting bases, with supporting drip irrigation technology saving 15 million tons of water annually, and the area of soil erosion has been reduced by 60%. The wine industry here has not only built a green barrier to prevent wind and fix sand, but also paved a road to prosperity. The wine industry provides a large number of jobs for local farmers every year, realizing the simultaneous promotion of "greening up" the local area and "enriching" the farmers. Dushan, a youth from Tajikistan, said with deep feeling: "From abandoned mining areas to ecological oases, the winery has helped local people get rid of poverty and become rich. I admire the wisdom of China's ecological governance."
In the Helan Mountain Rock Art Site (贺兰山岩画遗址区), touch the mysterious "Sun God" rock paintings and explore the imprints of ancient human civilization; learn rock painting rubbing in the Yinchuan Han Meilin Art Museum (银川韩美林艺术馆) and experience the vitality brought by contemporary creation to traditional art; stroll through the brightly lit Manpu Town (漫葡小镇) at dusk and enjoy immersive performances... Through rich cultural experiences, Chinese and foreign youths have enhanced their understanding of each other. Gurban, a youth from Turkmenistan, looks forward to returning to Ningxia (宁夏) with his friends next time to continue to experience the unique Chinese culture.
Young people from various countries have said that they have gained a lot from this trip and look forward to promoting cooperation between their respective countries and China in the fields of economy, science and technology, agriculture, education, etc., so that the seeds of mutual learning between civilizations can blossom and bear fruit in the hearts of more people. Ismail, an Egyptian youth, said: "By working together to create new things, we can find common ground for exchange and cooperation and establish connections that transcend national borders. We hope to maintain long-term contact with our Chinese friends."
Chinese volunteer Yan Yifeng (颜懿丰) said: "Along the way, we have been constantly making new friends and sharing the development stories of our respective countries. We come from different countries and have different cultures. This difference makes our exchanges more colorful. True friendship is not about eliminating differences, but about appreciating each other while respecting differences and growing together."
Return to TopThe 32nd APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting will be held in Gyeongju (庆州), North Gyeongsang Province (庆尚北道), South Korea, from late October to early November. The meeting is themed "A Sustainable Tomorrow We Build Together – Connect, Innovate, Prosper." The picture shows the APEC meeting logo hanging in the square in front of Gyeongju Railway Station (庆州火车站).
People's Daily reporter Wang Xinping (王新萍) photographed.
Return to TopThis is a report from Berlin on September 20th (Reported by Xu Xin (徐馨)) A report from Geneva: Chen Xu (陈旭), the representative of China's Permanent Mission to the United Nations Office at Geneva and other international organizations in Switzerland, attended the 60th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council on the 18th and delivered a speech, opposing certain countries' interference in normal judicial cooperation between sovereign states, using human rights as an excuse to interfere in other countries' internal affairs, and calling for the effective promotion and protection of all human rights.
Chen Xu (陈旭) first delivered a joint statement on behalf of the "Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations," pointing out that certain countries make unwarranted accusations and smear campaigns against normal law enforcement and judicial cooperation between sovereign states, wantonly impose unilateral coercive measures on developing countries, and frequently use or threaten to use force against sovereign states. This is a blatant act of unilateralism and hegemonism, and a serious departure from the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.
When Chen Xu (陈旭) made a national statement, he said that China attaches great importance to and guarantees human rights, has won the battle against poverty, and has achieved fruitful results in the "14th Five-Year Plan." China has proposed a global governance initiative, advocating that all parties work together to build a more just and reasonable global human rights governance system, respect the human rights paths of all countries, and resolutely oppose interference in other countries' internal affairs under the pretext of human rights, and the politicization and instrumentalization of human rights. He called on all countries to jointly safeguard the purposes and principles of the United Nations and effectively promote and protect all human rights.
Return to TopThis newspaper reported from Nanning (南宁) on September 20th (Reporters Chen Xirui (陈熙芮) and Pang Geping (庞革平)) The 2025 China-ASEAN Artificial Intelligence Ministerial Roundtable, jointly hosted by the National Development and Reform Commission (中国国家发展改革委) and the People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区人民政府), was held in Nanning (南宁), Guangxi (广西) on the 18th. This conference aims to build a China-ASEAN artificial intelligence ministerial dialogue and exchange platform, promote China's deepening of pragmatic cooperation with ASEAN countries in artificial intelligence development and governance, and share the dividends of artificial intelligence development.
The conference announced the launch of the construction of the China-ASEAN National Artificial Intelligence Application Cooperation Center, focusing on consolidating the foundation for artificial intelligence development, providing open-source services, strengthening industrial cooperation and docking, and promoting talent cultivation, to carry out specific cooperation, promote the implementation of pragmatic cooperation projects, and jointly promote the universal application of artificial intelligence technology.
Return to TopAccording to Xinhua News Agency Kinshasa, September 19th (Reporter Shi Yu (史彧)) The China-Central African Countries Think Tank Seminar was held on the 18th in Kinshasa (金沙萨), the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (刚果（金）). More than 200 officials, representatives from enterprises, think tanks, and media from China and seven Central African countries, held discussions focusing on the theme of "Implementing the outcomes of the 2024 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Beijing Summit."
The China-Central African Countries Think Tank Seminar was jointly organized by the Presidential Strategic Monitoring Committee under the Office of the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (刚果（金）) and the Chinese Embassy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (刚果（金）). Participants also held discussions on topics such as "High-quality joint construction of the 'Belt and Road'," and "Promoting cooperation in industry, energy, agriculture and economy and trade."
Return to TopBy: 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
Table of Contents
Foreword
I. Historical Concepts and Experiences of Central Governments in Governing Xinjiang
——Placing the Governance of Xinjiang within the Overall Context of National Governance
——Respecting the Concept of Great Unification
——Strengthening Xinjiang's Governance Based on Local Conditions
——Vigorously Developing and Constructing Xinjiang
——Promoting Ethnic Integration and Religious Coexistence
——Uniting People of All Ethnic Groups with Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture
II. The Glorious History of the Communist Party of China in Governing Xinjiang
——Active Exploration during the New Democratic Revolution Period
——Comprehensive Development during the Socialist Revolution and Construction Period
——In-depth Promotion during the New Period of Reform and Opening Up and Socialist Modernization
——Entering a New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
III. The Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era Opens a New Chapter in Governing Xinjiang
——The Formation and Development of the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era
——The Core Essence of the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era
——The Principle Requirements of the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era
IV. The Foundation for Social Stability and Lasting Peace and Security is More Solid
——Significant Achievements in the Anti-Separatism Struggle
——The Rule of Law in Anti-Terrorism and Stability Maintenance is Steadily Advancing
——Precise Implementation of Counter-Sanctions and Anti-Interference
——Significantly Improved Social Governance Effectiveness
V. In-depth Promotion of the Construction of the Chinese National Community
——Accelerating the Construction of a Shared Spiritual Home for the Chinese Nation
——Closer Exchanges, Interactions, and Integration among Ethnic Groups
——Consolidating and Developing the Cause of Ethnic Unity and Progress
——Steadily Promoting the Sinicization of Religion in China
VI. Continuous Deepening of Democratic and Legal Construction
——Remarkable Achievements in Whole-Process People's Democracy
——Further Highlighting the Advantages of the System of Ethnic Regional Autonomy
——Major Progress in the Construction of the Rule of Law
——Continuous Improvement in the Level of Human Rights Protection
VII. Coordinated Advancement of High-Quality Development and High-Level Opening Up
——Sustained, Healthy, and Rapid Economic Development
——Comprehensive Strengthening of Infrastructure Construction
——Full Manifestation of the Cluster Effect of the Modern Industrial System
——More Sufficient Green and Low-Carbon Development
——Accelerating the Construction of the Core Area of the Silk Road Economic Belt
VIII. Significant Achievements in Cultural Development
——Effective Protection of Cultural Heritage
——Flourishing Development of Cultural and Artistic Creation
——Increasingly Improved Public Cultural Service System
——Accelerating the Development of the Cultural Tourism Industry
IX. Continuous Improvement of People's Well-being
——Achieving a Comprehensive Victory in Poverty Alleviation
——Continuous Improvement in Employment
——All-round Development of Education
——Sound and Optimized Health Service System
——Further Strengthening the Social Security Network
X. Continuous Gathering of Strong Joint Efforts to Build Xinjiang
——Strong Support from the Party and the State Lays the Foundation for Xinjiang's Development
——Improving the Quality and Efficiency of Paired Assistance to Xinjiang
——Injecting New Momentum into the Integrated Development of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and Local Areas
——Working Together to Build a Beautiful Homeland
Concluding Remarks
Foreword
A thousand miles of territory, where the people dwell. Border security is a matter of national importance.
The Chinese nation is a great nation with a civilization of over five thousand years. Our various ethnic groups have worked hard, **筚路蓝缕、披荆斩棘** (bì lù lán lǚ, pī jīng zhǎn jí - "traveling in a cart with straw curtains and cutting through brambles," to start an undertaking in hardship), jointly opened up the vast territory of the motherland, jointly created a unified multi-ethnic country, jointly wrote the glorious history of China, jointly created the splendid Chinese culture, and jointly cultivated the great national spirit.
Xinjiang, formerly known as the Western Regions, has been an inseparable part of Chinese territory since ancient times and an important gateway for Chinese civilization to open to the world. Successive central governments have established official institutions, garrisoned troops, and carried out land reclamation to consolidate the borders, accumulating rich historical experience in thousands of years of exploration and practice.
Since its establishment, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has taken seeking happiness for the Chinese people, including the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, and seeking rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, including all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, as its original aspiration and mission. In the historical periods of revolution, construction, and reform, the CPC has drawn on historical experiences and lessons in governing Xinjiang, continuously innovated and developed the concept of governing Xinjiang, endowed Xinjiang work with new era connotations and missions, and promoted major achievements in Xinjiang's reform and development, ethnic unity, social progress, improvement of people's livelihood, and consolidation of border defense.
Entering the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has examined, planned, and deployed Xinjiang work from the overall and strategic height of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, continuously deepened its understanding and grasp of the laws of governing Xinjiang, clarified the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security, established the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era, and led Xinjiang's work to uphold integrity and innovate amidst complex situations, and to advance victoriously amidst contradictions and risks, promoting historic achievements and historic changes in various undertakings in Xinjiang.
I. Historical Concepts and Experiences of Central Governments in Governing Xinjiang
Chinese central governments throughout history have always respected the concept of great unification, governing the Xinjiang region within the framework of national unity, maintaining social stability, promoting development and construction, and promoting ethnic and cultural integration. This has accumulated a profound historical consciousness and firm common belief that the territory is indivisible, the country cannot be chaotic, the ethnic groups cannot be scattered, and the civilization cannot be interrupted, accumulating the concepts and experiences of the Chinese nation in governing border areas.
Placing the Governance of Xinjiang within the Overall Context of National Governance. Xinjiang is the sacred territory of China. In 60 BC, the Han Dynasty established the Western Regions Protectorate (西域都护府), pioneering the effective administration and governance of the Xinjiang region by the central government. During the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Former Liang regime established the Gaochang Commandery (高昌郡) (Turpan Basin), the first time the commandery-county system was extended to the Western Regions. During the Sui Dynasty, the Shanshan (鄯善), Qiemo (且末), and Yiwu (伊吾) commanderies were established, expanding the scope of the commandery-county system in the Xinjiang region. During the Tang Dynasty, the Anxi (安西) and Beiting (北庭) Great Protectorates were successively established, governing both the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. During the Liao, Song, Xia, and Jin Dynasties, the Liao Dynasty established the Khotan King's Office (于阗国王府), Gaochang Kingdom King's Office (高昌国大王府), and Aslan Uyghur King's Office (阿萨兰回鹘大王府), effectively governing the Western Regions. During the Yuan Dynasty, the provincial system was implemented in the Western Regions, and later the Beiting Grand Marshal's Office (北庭都元帅府) and Pacification Commissioner's Office (宣慰司) were established to manage military and political affairs. During the Ming Dynasty, the Hami Garrison (哈密卫) was established to manage Western Regions affairs. During the Qing Dynasty, the Yili General (伊犁将军) was established to implement a more systematic governance of the Xinjiang region; in 1884, the Qing government established a province in the Xinjiang region, taking the meaning of "old land returning anew," renaming the Western Regions as "Xinjiang" (新疆). In 1912, Xinjiang actively responded to the Xinhai Revolution (辛亥革命) and became a province of the Republic of China. In Chinese history, the central dynasties have been strong and weak at different times, and the relationship with the Western Regions has been close and distant. The central government's control over the Xinjiang region has been tight and loose, but every dynasty has regarded the Western Regions as an inseparable part of the territory, exercising jurisdiction over the region. Maintaining the unity of the motherland is the sacred mission of the central government.
Respecting the Concept of Great Unification. Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has adhered to the concepts of "**六合同风，九州共贯**" (liù hé tóng fēng, jiǔ zhōu gòng guàn - "the six directions share the same customs, the nine provinces are connected," a unified country with shared culture and values) and "**天下大同**" (tiān xià dà tóng - "the world as a community," a utopian vision of universal harmony), regarding great unification as "the constant principle of heaven and earth, the common righteousness of ancient and modern times." Successive central governments have continuously strengthened the concept of great unification through establishing governance systems, constructing military defenses, leading economic development, and setting an example in ritual and legal order. Historically, the local regimes in the Western Regions generally had a strong sense of Chinese integration, either considering themselves branches of the central government or being subordinate to the central government. During the Han Dynasty, King Yanchang (延常) of Shache (莎车) taught his son, "You should serve the Han Dynasty in this era and not betray it." During the Tang Dynasty, the various tribes in the northwest all revered Emperor Taizong of Tang (唐太宗) as "Heavenly Khan." During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, local regimes in the Western Regions, such as the Yarkand Khanate (叶尔羌汗国), frequently paid tribute to the central government, calling the tribute route the "Golden Road." The long-term tradition of great unification in Chinese civilization determines that national unity is always the core of China's core interests and that a strong and unified country is the destiny of all ethnic groups.
Strengthening Xinjiang's Governance Based on Local Conditions. Chinese central governments throughout history have attached great importance to border governance, governing according to local conditions and customs under the premise of political unity. From the Grand Herald (大鸿胪) of the Han Dynasty to the Court of State Ceremonial (鸿胪寺) of the Tang and Song Dynasties, to the Yuan Dynasty's Xuanzheng Yuan (宣政院) and the Qing Dynasty's Lifan Yuan (理藩院), successive central governments have established special agencies to manage ethnic affairs in the border areas. During the Han Dynasty, the jurisdiction and governance of the Western Regions were strengthened, and the heads and officials of subordinate local regimes were granted titles and seals to maintain the ruling order and enhance centralism. During the Tang Dynasty, the same prefecture and county system as in the Central Plains was implemented in the Yizhou (伊州), Xizhou (西州), and Tingzhou (庭州) regions; in the areas west of the three prefectures, local tribal leaders were appointed as governors and prefects, obeying central instructions, shouldering the mission of the imperial court, guarding the country, and sending troops to assist in battles. During the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners (八旗), prefectures and counties, Begs (伯克), and Jasaks (札萨克) systems under the military government system were implemented, making governance more systematic and完善. After Xinjiang became a province, the prefecture and county system was fully implemented, achieving administrative unity. Successive dynasties combined a unified political order with governance according to local customs to ensure smooth governance and effective jurisdiction by the central government.
Vigorously Developing and Constructing Xinjiang. Chinese central governments throughout history have attached importance to the development and construction of Xinjiang. The Han Dynasty initiated land reclamation in the Western Regions, and by the Tang Dynasty, land reclamation was widespread throughout the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. During the Qing Dynasty, the scale of land reclamation in Xinjiang exceeded ten million mu. Water conservancy flourished accordingly. The Milan site (米兰遗址) in Ruoqiang County (若羌县) preserves relatively complete Han Dynasty water conservancy facilities. During the Tang Dynasty, the Tao Tuo Office (掏拓所) and Water Official Tao Tuo Envoy (水官掏拓使) were established to manage water conservancy. During the Qing Dynasty, water conservancy construction was actively carried out in Xinjiang, rivers and canals were dredged, and karez wells were promoted. By the end of the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the total length of canals north and south of the Tianshan Mountains exceeded 70,000 li, with a total irrigation capacity of over 10 million mu. Since ancient times, Xinjiang has been a vital passage of the Silk Road. Successive central governments "established post stations on key roads" to maintain the safety of trade routes and ensure trade exchanges. The Silk Road, stretching for thousands of miles, saw "envoys looking at each other on the road, and merchants traveling endlessly," lasting for thousands of years. With the active trade, a number of towns, such as Khotan (于阗), Kashgar (疏勒), Xizhou (西州), Tingzhou (庭州), Huiyuan (惠远), and Dihua (迪化), were successively built in the Xinjiang region, bringing economic development and population growth. Continuously developing and constructing Xinjiang laid an important material foundation for achieving border stability.
Promoting Ethnic Integration and Religious Coexistence. Chinese central governments throughout history have regarded handling ethnic and religious affairs well as the key to governing Xinjiang. During each historical period, large numbers of people from different ethnic groups entered and left the Xinjiang region. After long-term birth, differentiation, exchange, and integration, the various ethnic groups formed a close-knit relationship of shared destiny, making important contributions to the development, construction, and defense of Xinjiang. The Liu Pingguo Stone Carving (刘平国刻石) of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the 883 Tang Dynasty documents unearthed from the Keyake Kuduke Beacon Tower (克亚克库都克烽燧) in Yuli County (尉犁县) record the vivid scenes of various ethnic groups jointly guarding the border. During the Qing Dynasty, Manchu, Han, Hui, Mongolian (Chahar), Xibe, and Solon soldiers and civilians were transferred to Xinjiang with their families to garrison and cultivate land, consolidating the northwest border defense. The Xinjiang region has historically been a place where multiple religions coexist, and successive central governments have incorporated the management of religious affairs into the national governance system. During the Tang Dynasty, the Chief Monk Administrator (都僧统) was established to manage Buddhist affairs in the Four Garrisons of Anxi. During the Qing Dynasty, the "Regulations for the Rebellious Regions" (钦定回疆则例) were promulgated, stipulating that the Motisayb Beg (摩提色布伯克) handle Islamic religious affairs and not interfere in civil affairs. Chinese civilization is a common culture gathered from diverse cultures, which fundamentally determines the historical orientation of exchanges, interactions, and integration among the Chinese nation and determines the harmonious pattern of multiple religions coexisting in China.
Uniting People of All Ethnic Groups with Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture. Chinese central governments throughout history have regarded promoting mainstream values and excellent traditional Chinese culture as an indispensable and important part of governing Xinjiang. The formation and development of Chinese culture cannot be separated from the maintenance of Chinese characters. After the Western Han Dynasty unified the Western Regions, the Chinese language and writing began to be promoted and have been circulating in the Xinjiang region ever since. Confucianism has had a profound influence on the Western Regions. By the Tang Dynasty, Confucian classics had been widely circulated, and a large number of written fragments of the "Book of Poetry" (诗经), "Book of Documents" (尚书), "Book of Rites" (礼记), and "Analects" (论语) have been unearthed in Turpan. The central plains' codes and regulations were implemented in Xinjiang, and Chinese institutional culture, including the Zhou Rites, took root in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. The "Great Qing Legal Code" (大清律例) was widely used. Since modern times, facing the unprecedented crisis of national subjugation and racial extinction, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, together with the people of all ethnic groups across the country, jointly resisted foreign aggression and shared national disasters. The national identity of all ethnic groups reached a new height. From the beginning, the cultures of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang have been marked with the imprint of the unity in diversity of Chinese culture. Chinese culture has always been the emotional support, spiritual home, and source of motivation for the cultural development of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang.
The governance of Xinjiang by the Chinese central government has undergone more than two thousand years of historical development. Different methods have been adopted in different periods. Xinjiang has always been an indispensable and important part of China's unified multi-ethnic country. Objectively speaking, the concepts and measures of governing Xinjiang by successive central governments also had limitations of the times. The governance of Xinjiang was strong and weak at times, and the accuracy and effectiveness of governance were insufficient. Especially in modern times, under the instigation and support of foreign forces, separatist activities occurred from time to time. History calls for a bearer who can truly lead the Chinese nation to achieve national independence, people's liberation, and the mission of great rejuvenation. This glorious mission has undoubtedly fallen on the Communist Party of China.
II. The Glorious History of the Communist Party of China in Governing Xinjiang
Since its establishment, the Communist Party of China has been keenly concerned about the land of Xinjiang and has always been concerned about the future and destiny of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang have gone from liberation and becoming masters of their own affairs to embarking on the socialist road, from reform and opening up and comprehensive well-being to embarking on a new journey of Chinese-style modernization, and together with the people of the whole country, they have ushered in a great leap from standing up, getting rich, to becoming strong. For more than a hundred years, the Chinese Communists have explored in succession, continuously promoting theoretical innovation, practical innovation, and institutional innovation, and have realized the continuous deepening of the understanding and grasp of the laws of governing Xinjiang.
Active Exploration during the New Democratic Revolution Period. During this period, the Communist Party of China united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to fight heroically and unyieldingly, achieving liberation and becoming masters of their own affairs. In July 1921, the Communist Party was born in China, which was a major event that **开天辟地** (kāi tiān pì dì - "splitting heaven and earth," epoch-making). Since then, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, like the people of the whole country, have had a backbone. In the early days of its establishment, the Communist Party of China set its sights on Xinjiang, gave clear importance to the Xinjiang issue, and a group of Communists entered the Xinjiang region to spread Marxism, sow the seeds of revolution, enlighten the people, and awaken their consciousness. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Communist Party of China held high the banner of the anti-Japanese national united front, led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to actively carry out the anti-Japanese fundraising movement, guaranteed the international aid to China transportation line, built the great rear area of the War of Resistance, and actively participated in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. In August 1938, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang donated money to purchase 10 fighter planes, named "Xinjiang," to support the anti-Japanese front. Under the influence and leadership of the Communist Party of China, the overall consciousness of the Chinese nation among the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang was unprecedentedly enhanced, and a group of advanced elements actively joined the revolutionary torrent. With the decisive victory of the Liberation War, the CPC Central Committee made the wise decision to peacefully liberate Xinjiang. The People's Liberation Army triumphantly entered Xinjiang, breaking the imperialists' and national separatists' delusion of dismembering China and safeguarding the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. This was a major victory in the cause of national reunification and a historical turning point for the unity and progress of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang.
The comprehensive unfolding of the socialist revolution and construction period. During this period, the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党) united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) to fight against nature and transform the world, achieving a historic leap towards socialist society. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) was founded, and the Chinese people stood up, ushering in a new era in Xinjiang's history. On December 17 of the same year, the Xinjiang Provincial People's Government (新疆省人民政府) was officially established. The Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党) led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) to consolidate the newly established people's democratic regime, establish a new type of socialist ethnic relations, abolish the feudal land system, prudently and steadily promote comprehensive social reforms, complete the socialist transformation, establish the socialist system in Xinjiang (新疆), and enter socialist society together with the rest of the country, realizing the most profound and greatest changes in Xinjiang's history. On October 7, 1954, the Xinjiang Military Region Production and Construction Corps (新疆军区生产建设兵团) of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (中国人民解放军) was established, with 100,000 troops stationed in Xinjiang turning swords into ploughshares and reclaiming wasteland to guard the frontier. On October 1, 1955, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区) was proclaimed, a milestone event in the history of Xinjiang's development and another great victory for the Chinese Communist Party's (中国共产党) ethnic policies. In order to change the face of poverty and backwardness as soon as possible, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党), the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) relied on their own efforts and strived for progress, while the people of the whole country cared about the border areas and provided full support. An initial industrial system was established in Xinjiang (新疆), agricultural production conditions were significantly improved, and education, science, health, transportation, and water conservancy undertakings were greatly developed, achieving a historic leap from a state of 百废待兴 (bǎi fèi dài xīng - "a hundred wastes waiting to be revived," a state where everything is waiting to be rebuilt and revitalized) to a state of prosperity, achieving great achievements in socialist revolution and construction, and creating a human miracle of "daring to teach the sun and moon to change to a new sky."
The in-depth advancement of the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. During this period, the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党) united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) with high spirits and determination to forge ahead, striding onto the broad road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In December 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party (党的十一届三中全会) was held, achieving a great turning point of far-reaching significance in the history of the Party since the founding of New China, and a wave of reform and opening up surged across the 1.66 million square kilometers of Xinjiang (新疆). In December 1981, the central government decided to restore the establishment of the Corps, and the name was changed to "Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps" (新疆生产建设兵团). With the start and development of reform, the Party Central Committee emphasized that Xinjiang (新疆) has great potential and should accelerate modernization, promote the common prosperity of all ethnic groups, vigorously support Xinjiang (新疆) in implementing the strategy of converting superior resources, promote the strategic shift of the focus of Xinjiang's work, comprehensively launch rural and urban reforms, attract foreign investment and link up with domestic resources to promote opening up, and the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山) have taken on a new look. After the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee of the Party (党的十三届四中全会), the Party Central Committee emphasized that the development and stability of Xinjiang (新疆) is a major issue concerning the overall situation, and it is necessary to promote the development and prosperity of Xinjiang (新疆) and its long-term peace and stability, organize national counterpart support for Xinjiang (新疆), promote the establishment and improvement of a socialist market economic system in Xinjiang (新疆), seize the strategic opportunity of the Western Development Strategy, and create a new situation of comprehensive reform and opening up. After the Sixteenth National Congress of the Party (党的十六大), the Party Central Committee emphasized that it is necessary to unswervingly promote Xinjiang's (新疆) reform and opening up and socialist modernization, unswervingly maintain the overall social stability of Xinjiang (新疆), unswervingly safeguard ethnic unity, make major strategic deployments of "stabilizing Xinjiang and enriching the people and consolidating the border" (稳疆兴疆、富民固边), and promote the good and rapid development of Xinjiang's (新疆) economy and society. In the great process of advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Xinjiang (新疆) has achieved historic transformations from relatively backward productive forces to significantly enhanced economic strength, from closed and semi-closed to all-round opening up, and from insufficient food and clothing for the people to overall well-being and moving towards comprehensive well-being, keeping pace with the times together with the rest of the country.
Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党) has united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) to unite and struggle, uphold justice and innovate, and create new human miracles. In November 2012, the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party (党的十八大) was held, and socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has taken into overall consideration the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the major changes in the world unseen in a century, placed Xinjiang's (新疆) work in an important position in the overall work of the Party and the country, and continuously deepened its understanding and grasp of the laws of governing Xinjiang (新疆). In 2014 and 2020, the Second and Third Central Xinjiang Work Symposia (中央新疆工作座谈会) were held successively. In 2014, 2022, and 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) personally inspected Xinjiang (新疆) three times, clarifying the overall goal of social stability and long-term peace and stability, and establishing the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era. Under the guidance of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era, Xinjiang (新疆) takes strengthening the awareness of the Chinese national community as the main line, anchors its strategic positioning in the overall national situation, coordinates development and security, and solidly promotes governing Xinjiang (新疆) by law, stabilizing Xinjiang (新疆) through unity, enriching Xinjiang (新疆) through culture, revitalizing Xinjiang (新疆) through prosperity, and building Xinjiang (新疆) for the long term. Unprecedented achievements have been made in economic and social development and improvement of people's livelihoods, and the people of all ethnic groups have significantly enhanced their sense of gain, happiness, and security, and are in the best period of development in history. More than 26 million sons and daughters of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) are united and striving forward, confident and open, with roots connected to roots and hearts connected to hearts like poplar trees, and with hearts tightly embraced like pomegranate seeds, striding forward on the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and unremittingly striving to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
III. The Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era Opens Up a New Situation in Governing Xinjiang
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party (党的十八大), the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has drawn on the experience and lessons of previous central regimes in governing Xinjiang (新疆), inherited and developed the valuable experience of the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党) in governing Xinjiang (新疆), and systematically planned and promoted the fundamental, foundational, and long-term work concerning long-term peace and stability, opening up a new realm and reaching a new height in stabilizing and revitalizing Xinjiang (新疆).
The formation and development of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era. Against the background of the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the major changes in the world unseen in a century intertwined, interacting, and influencing each other, Xinjiang's (新疆) strategic position in the overall national situation has become increasingly prominent. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has placed Xinjiang's (新疆) work in an important position in governing the country and administering state affairs, and has made systematic plans and deployments for Xinjiang's (新疆) work from a strategic and overall perspective, scientifically answering a series of directional, overall, and strategic questions.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) has always paid close attention to Xinjiang's (新疆) work and cares about the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆). Whenever Xinjiang's (新疆) work enters a critical period, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) personally plans, directs, and steers the course. In April 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) inspected Xinjiang (新疆), emphasizing that "the Party Central Committee has always attached great importance to Xinjiang's (新疆) work, and has always emphasized that Xinjiang's (新疆) work has a special and important strategic position in the overall work of the Party and the country," "the Party Central Committee's major policies and principles for doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆) under the new situation," and "taking social stability and long-term peace and stability as the focus and starting point of work, and comprehensively promoting all aspects of work." In May 2014, the Party Central Committee held the Second Central Xinjiang Work Symposium (中央新疆工作座谈会), once again clarifying the important generalization of "the Party Central Committee's major policies and principles for Xinjiang's (新疆) work," and officially establishing social stability and long-term peace and stability as the overall goal of Xinjiang's (新疆) work.
After the Second Central Xinjiang Work Symposium (中央新疆工作座谈会), General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) presided over many important meetings such as the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee (中央政治局常委会会议) and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee (中央政治局会议) to study and deploy Xinjiang's (新疆) work. In September 2020, the Party Central Committee held the Third Central Xinjiang Work Symposium (中央新疆工作座谈会), at which General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) formally proposed and comprehensively and systematically expounded on "the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era," emphasizing the need to adhere to governing Xinjiang (新疆) by law, stabilizing Xinjiang (新疆) through unity, enriching Xinjiang (新疆) through culture, revitalizing Xinjiang (新疆) through prosperity, and building Xinjiang (新疆) for the long term, and striving to build a socialist Xinjiang (新疆) with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
In July 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) once again personally inspected Xinjiang (新疆), pointing out that it is necessary to focus on the overall goal of Xinjiang's (新疆) work and promote the fundamental, foundational, and long-term work concerning long-term peace and stability. In August 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) came to Xinjiang (新疆) again, and specially listened to the work reports of the Autonomous Region and the Corps, emphasizing the need to fully and accurately implement the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era, firmly grasp Xinjiang's (新疆) strategic positioning in the overall national situation, focus on the overall goal of work, and deepen, refine, and implement the work of governing Xinjiang (新疆) by law, stabilizing Xinjiang (新疆) through unity, enriching Xinjiang (新疆) through culture, revitalizing Xinjiang (新疆) through prosperity, and building Xinjiang (新疆) for the long term, seeking progress while maintaining stability, exerting continuous efforts, and achieving long-term success, and better building a beautiful Xinjiang (新疆) that is united and harmonious, prosperous and affluent, civilized and progressive, peaceful and happy, and ecologically sound in the process of Chinese-style modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) has also delivered important speeches and made important expositions, and made important instructions and approvals on many important occasions, putting forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new requirements for doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆) under the new situation, further enriching and developing the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era.
The core essence of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era. The Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era is full of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core's profound insight into the situation in Xinjiang (新疆) and its profound thinking on Xinjiang's (新疆) work. It has a rigorous system, a rigorous logic, rich connotations, and profoundness, constituting a systematic and complete theoretical system, and is the guideline and soul for doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era.
Adhere to examining and planning Xinjiang's (新疆) work from a strategic perspective. Xinjiang's (新疆) work concerns national unity, ethnic unity, and national security, and concerns the overall situation of building a strong country and national rejuvenation. We must see clearly the general trend of Xinjiang's (新疆) development, see clearly the impact of doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆) on the overall situation of the Party and the country, see clearly the position of Xinjiang's (新疆) work in coordinating the two overall situations at home and abroad, plan long-term strategies, take measures to consolidate the foundation, build a long-term peace, and achieve long-term governance.
Adhere to taking social stability and long-term peace and stability as the overall goal of Xinjiang's (新疆) work. The overall goal is the general guideline for Xinjiang's (新疆) work, and all work must be planned and promoted around social stability and long-term peace and stability. We must not only concentrate our efforts on solving the outstanding problems facing the current maintenance of social stability, but also solve the various deep-seated contradictions and problems affecting long-term peace and stability one after another.
Adhere to taking the cohesion of people's hearts as the foundation. If people's hearts cannot be united, everything will be in vain. We must adhere to putting the people first, trusting the people of all ethnic groups, relying on the people of all ethnic groups, and serving the people of all ethnic groups, while educating and guiding the people, so that the people of all ethnic groups know how important stability and tranquility are, that a happy life comes from the Party's good policies, and comes from the unity and joint struggle of the people of all ethnic groups, and that Xinjiang's (新疆) development and progress cannot be separated from the support of the people of the whole Party and the whole country.
Adhere to strengthening the awareness of the Chinese national community. This is the most fundamental and long-term issue in doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆). We must take strengthening the awareness of the Chinese national community as the main line, fully implement the Party's ethnic policies, deepen education on ethnic unity and progress, accelerate the construction of a social structure and community environment in which all ethnic groups are embedded with each other, strengthen exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups, and promote all ethnic groups to embrace each other tightly like pomegranate seeds.
Adhere to the direction of Sinicization of religion in our country. The work of Sinicizing religion in our country concerns the overall situation of Xinjiang's (新疆) work. We must fully implement the Party's basic policy on religious work, adhere to protecting the legal, stopping the illegal, curbing extremism, resisting infiltration, and combating crime, guide religious believers to establish national awareness, civic awareness, and awareness of the rule of law, and actively guide religion to adapt to socialist society.
Adhere to promoting and cultivating socialist core values. We must adhere to taking socialist advanced culture as the guide, deeply promote cultural enrichment of Xinjiang (新疆), strengthen mass ideological education, and continuously enhance the recognition of the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党), and socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Adhere to promoting high-quality development closely related to people's livelihoods. Xinjiang's (新疆) development should be implemented in improving people's livelihoods, benefiting the local area, and enhancing unity. We must adhere to the people-centered development ideology, closely focus on the people of all ethnic groups living and working in peace and contentment to promote economic and social development and improve people's livelihoods, and continuously enhance the people of all ethnic groups' sense of gain, happiness, and security.
Adhere to strengthening the Party's leadership over Xinjiang's (新疆) work. To do a good job in Xinjiang (新疆), we must adhere to and strengthen the Party's comprehensive leadership, build a high-quality cadre team that is strong in politics, strong in ability, and strong in style, and ensure that the Party Central Committee's orders are unimpeded. We must take grasping the grassroots and laying the foundation as the fundamental measure for stabilizing Xinjiang (新疆), and build grassroots Party organizations into strong fighting fortresses that serve the masses, maintain stability, and oppose division.
The principle requirements of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era. The Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era is the fundamental guideline for doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆), and we must deeply grasp and comprehensively promote governing Xinjiang (新疆) by law, stabilizing Xinjiang (新疆) through unity, enriching Xinjiang (新疆) through culture, revitalizing Xinjiang (新疆) through prosperity, and building Xinjiang (新疆) for the long term.
Governing Xinjiang (新疆) by law means adhering to taking Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on the rule of law as the guide, holding high the banner of the rule of law, promoting the spirit of the rule of law, adhering to the principles of the rule of law, implementing the requirements of comprehensively governing the country according to law in all fields of Xinjiang's (新疆) work, being good at using the thinking and methods of the rule of law to prevent risks, combat crimes, handle problems, resolve contradictions, promote the legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance, and ensure that all work in Xinjiang (新疆) always operates on the track of the rule of law.
Stabilizing Xinjiang (新疆) through unity means adhering to taking the cohesion of people's hearts as the foundation, taking ethnic unity as the lifeline of the people of all ethnic groups, holding high the banner of the great unity of the Chinese nation, continuously strengthening the awareness of the Chinese national community, systematically promoting the Sinicization of religion in our country, uniting the people of all ethnic groups more closely around the Party, and gathering the powerful positive energy to build a beautiful Xinjiang (新疆) with奮發有為.
Enriching Xinjiang (新疆) through culture means adhering to taking enhancing recognition as the goal, taking socialist core values as the guide, developing socialist advanced culture, promoting revolutionary culture, inheriting Chinese excellent traditional culture, building a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation, educating and guiding the people of all ethnic groups to strengthen their Chinese heart and Chinese soul, fundamentally solving the problems of political recognition and popular support, and consolidating the ideological foundation for social stability and long-term peace and stability.
Revitalizing Xinjiang (新疆) through prosperity means adhering to fully and accurately implementing the new development concept, anchoring Xinjiang's (新疆) strategic positioning in building a strong socialist modern country, giving full play to Xinjiang's (新疆) location, resources, and policy advantages, actively serving and integrating into the new development pattern, expanding high-level opening up to the outside world, promoting high-quality development closely related to people's livelihoods, and promoting development results to benefit people's livelihoods and unite people's hearts.
Building Xinjiang (新疆) for the long term means adhering to and strengthening the Party's comprehensive leadership, deeply promoting the new great project of Party building in the new era, building a high-quality cadre team in accordance with the standards of good cadres in the new era, maintaining strategic determination, adhering to planning before acting, seeking progress while maintaining stability, exerting continuous efforts, and achieving long-term success in doing work, focusing on solving deep-seated contradictions and problems, and laying a solid foundation for achieving the overall goal of Xinjiang's (新疆) work.
The Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era has both innovations and breakthroughs in theoretical viewpoints, and deployments and requirements in work layout. It is the concentrated embodiment of Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era on Xinjiang's (新疆) work. It is a summary, refinement, and innovative development of the successful experience of the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党) in leading the people to govern, stabilize, and revitalize Xinjiang (新疆). It is the broad road that guides Xinjiang's (新疆) work to move steadily and far, marking that the Chinese Communist Party's (中国共产党) understanding of the laws of border governance has reached a new height, and has milestone significance in the history of the Party's Xinjiang (新疆) work and in the history of Xinjiang's (新疆) development.
Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and with the strong support of the people of the whole country, more than 26 million cadres and masses of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) fully and accurately implement the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era, keep in mind their entrustment, be grateful and forge ahead, know their responsibilities and bear their burdens, work hard and diligently, and strive to turn the grand blueprint drawn by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core for Xinjiang (新疆) into reality.
IV. The Foundation for Social Stability and Long-Term Peace and Stability is More Solid
Xinjiang's (新疆) social stability and long-term peace and stability are related to the overall situation of reform, development, and stability in the country. Xinjiang (新疆) coordinates development and security, puts maintaining social stability first, deeply promotes the legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance, effectively prevents and resolves risks in various fields and interference and sabotage by external forces, and the overall social situation has achieved a historic transformation from chaos to stability and from stability to governance.
The fight against separatism has achieved remarkable results. Separatism endangers national unity and undermines ethnic solidarity, and is a breeding ground for terrorism and extremism in Xinjiang. In the past, ethnic separatist forces, religious extremist forces, and violent terrorist forces in Xinjiang carried out destructive activities, which brought great harm to social stability in Xinjiang and caused great pain to people of all ethnic groups. The Chinese government opposes all forms of separatism, terrorism, and extremism, and severely cracks down on any acts that split the country, endanger public safety, or infringe upon citizens' human rights in accordance with the law. Xinjiang resolutely safeguards national unity, severely cracks down on illegal and criminal acts that organize, plan, and implement the splitting of the country, undermining national unity, and inciting the splitting of the country and undermining national unity in accordance with the law, resolutely resists the infiltration and spread of "pan-Turkism" and "pan-Islamism" ideologies, and strives to eliminate the soil and conditions for the breeding and spread of terrorism and extremism from the source. After unremitting efforts, Xinjiang's fight against separatism has achieved important phased results. No violent terrorist incidents have occurred for many years in a row, which has effectively maintained social stability and ethnic unity in Xinjiang.
The legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance have been steadily advanced. Promoting the legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance is an important way to maintain sustained and long-term social stability in Xinjiang and achieve lasting peace and stability. Xinjiang holds high the banner of socialist rule of law, promotes the spirit of the rule of law, implements the requirements of comprehensively governing the country according to law in all fields of work, and deepens the work of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance in accordance with the "Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Counter-Terrorism Law of the People's Republic of China" to ensure that this work always operates in a standardized, normal, and efficient manner on the track of the rule of law. We will improve the long-term mechanism for severely cracking down on violent terrorist struggles, make full use of the thinking and methods of the rule of law to carry out struggles and maintain stability, and always crack down in accordance with the law, accurately, and in a timely manner. We will build a legalized and normalized work system for counter-terrorism and stability maintenance, build an overall social security prevention and control system, and transform counter-terrorism and stability maintenance work from end-end governance to source governance, and transform working methods from a state of combat readiness and emergency response to standardized, refined, and normal. We will optimize counter-terrorism and stability maintenance policies, strategies, methods, and methods, which can not only prevent a very small number of violent terrorists, but also facilitate the vast majority of the masses, ensure the normal work, study, and life order of the masses, and achieve a fundamental change that is more conducive to long-term peace and stability. Since the new era, Xinjiang's counter-terrorism and stability maintenance work has achieved great achievements, reversing the situation in which violent terrorist activities occurred frequently in the past.
Counter-sanctions and counter-interference are implemented precisely. In recent years, some Western countries, led by the United States, have used so-called "genocide" and "forced labor" and other Xinjiang-related lies and fallacies to sanction Xinjiang-related enterprises and individuals and interfere in China's internal affairs. Its essence is to engage in political manipulation and economic bullying under the guise of "human rights." Counter-sanctions and counter-interference are a necessary move to deal with the "using Xinjiang to contain China" plot of anti-China forces in some Western countries such as the United States, and it is also a solemn move to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests. China has promulgated laws and regulations and departmental rules such as the "Foreign Relations Law of the People's Republic of China" (中华人民共和国对外关系法), the "Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China" (中华人民共和国反外国制裁法), the "Regulations on the Implementation of the 'Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China'" (实施〈中华人民共和国反外国制裁法〉的规定), and the "Provisions on the Unreliable Entities List" (不可靠实体清单规定) to implement countermeasures against the unreasonable Xinjiang-related sanctions imposed by a very small number of countries. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the Autonomous Region has issued relevant resolutions opposing the so-called "Xinjiang-related sanctions series law" of the United States and supporting the development of sanctioned enterprises and related industries, resolutely countering the United States' abuse of unilateral sanctions. We will actively provide services to sanctioned enterprises, support enterprises in safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law, support the development of related industries, and create employment opportunities for employees of all ethnic groups in sanctioned enterprises.
The effectiveness of social governance has been significantly improved. Good social governance is the prerequisite and guarantee for social harmony and stability and people's well-being. Xinjiang adheres to and develops the "Fengqiao Experience" (枫桥经验) in the new era, improves the urban and rural grassroots governance system that combines party organization leadership, autonomy, the rule of law, and moral governance, strengthens the leadership of grassroots party building, improves the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance, and sharing, and constantly consolidates the grassroots foundation. We will regularly carry out risk assessment, prevention and coordination, and resolution and disposal work to effectively prevent and resolve various risks and hidden dangers. Focusing on illegal and criminal activities that the people strongly reflect, we will severely crack down on serious violent crimes, severely crack down on frequently occurring illegal and criminal activities in the fields of pornography, gambling, drugs, food, medicine, environment, theft, robbery, fraud, and telecommunications network fraud, and promote the fight against organized crime and evil on a regular basis. We will promote the diversified resolution of contradictions and disputes, strengthen the legalization of petition work, vigorously promote the standardized construction of comprehensive management centers focusing on the county level, and create a number of contradiction and dispute resolution positions such as "horseback mediation rooms" (马背调解室) and "gaiwan tea mediation rooms" (盖碗茶调解室) to solve problems at the grassroots level and resolve them at the bud stage. In 2024, the mediation success rate of people's mediation cases in Xinjiang was 98.52%. Xinjiang continues to maintain social stability, fully protects the people's peace, and the construction of a safe Xinjiang has achieved remarkable results, and the people of all ethnic groups have significantly improved their sense of gain, happiness, and security.
V. The Construction of the Chinese National Community is Deeply Advanced
Consolidating the sense of community of the Chinese nation is the main line of the Party's work on ethnic affairs in the new era, and it is also the main line of all work in ethnic areas. Xinjiang is solidly promoting the construction of the Chinese national community, doing a good job in ethnic work in the direction of enhancing commonality, and educating and guiding people of all ethnic groups to firmly establish the concept of a community with a shared future, a shared honor and disgrace, a shared life and death, and a shared destiny, and jointly build a great motherland and create a better life.
The common spiritual home of the Chinese nation is accelerating its construction. Xinjiang is constantly improving the appeal and cohesion of mainstream ideology and public opinion and Chinese culture, and continuously consolidating the common ideological and political foundation for the unity and struggle of all ethnic groups. Adhering to socialist core values as the guide, we will strengthen the publicity and education of the history of the Party, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development, and the history of the development of the Chinese nation, and widely carry out mass-themed publicity and education activities such as "Consolidating the Community and Sharing the Chinese Dream" (铸牢共同体 共圆中国梦) to unite and inspire people with common ideals and beliefs. We will deeply implement the red gene inheritance project, build 471 patriotic education bases of various levels and types, vigorously promote the Populus euphratica spirit (胡杨精神) and the Corps spirit (兵团精神), and continuously cultivate the patriotic feelings of cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups. We will study and excavate the excellent genes and contemporary value of Chinese traditional culture, create a number of Chinese cultural symbols and Chinese national image demonstration sites shared by all ethnic groups, regularly carry out Chinese excellent traditional culture learning and experience activities, and promote the prosperity and development of socialist advanced culture, and the Chinese cultural identity of the masses of all ethnic groups is constantly enhanced. We will strengthen the cultivation of modern civilization, rely on the new era civilization practice centers (institutes and stations), deeply promote the "Civilized New Style Enters Thousands of Homes" (文明新风进万家) action, continuously deepen popular science education and legal publicity and education, and actively guide people of all ethnic groups to integrate into modern civilized life. We will comprehensively promote and popularize the national common language and writing, continuously strengthen the education and teaching of the national common language and writing in schools, and significantly improve the awareness and ability of the whole society to use the national common language and writing, so as to promote the connection of hearts and the connection of destinies through language communication.
Exchanges, interactions, and integration among ethnic groups are becoming closer. We will coordinate the layout planning of urban and rural construction and the allocation of public service resources, gradually promote the all-round embedding of people of all ethnic groups in terms of space, culture, economy, society, and psychology, and promote all ethnic groups to hug each other tightly like pomegranate seeds. We will accelerate the construction of new urbanization with people as the core, promote the rational layout of urban agglomerations, large, medium, and small cities and towns, actively build an embedded social structure and community environment, promote production with cities, promote cities with production, and gather people with industries, and create social conditions for people of all ethnic groups to live, study, build, share, work, and enjoy together. We will deeply implement the "Foundation Building" (筑基) project for young people, deepen and expand the "Patriotism for the Motherland and the Chinese Nation" (祖国情·中华行) study and research activities for Xinjiang teenagers, and in 2024, 86,000 primary and secondary school students will go to other provinces and cities for study and exchange, widely carry out "hand-in-hand" activities between schools in the aid-Xinjiang provinces and cities, the Corps, and the north and south of Xinjiang, and comprehensively promote mixed classes and mixed accommodation for students of all ethnic groups, and it has become normal for students of all ethnic groups to study together, live together, and grow together. We will adhere to cultural tourism and promote integration through tourism, integrate the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation into the entire process of high-quality development of Xinjiang's tourism industry, and tourism has become an important carrier for promoting exchanges, interactions, and integration among ethnic groups. We will deeply carry out activities such as "Ethnic Unity as One Family" (民族团结一家亲), and cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups will deepen understanding and enhance feelings in interactions.
The cause of ethnic unity and progress has been consolidated and developed. Xinjiang focuses on promoting the common unity and struggle and common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups, implements the action of consolidating the border, revitalizing the border, and enriching the people, and solidly promotes the common prosperity of all ethnic groups. We will continue to deepen the creation of ethnic unity and progress, incorporate this work into local legislation and the overall plan for economic and social development, promulgate and implement the regulations on the creation of a model area for ethnic unity and progress and the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the creation of a model area for ethnic unity and progress, continue to carry out commendations for ethnic unity and progress, and the socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony among all ethnic groups are constantly consolidated and developed. As of 2024, Xinjiang has a total of 101 national ethnic unity and progress demonstration areas and demonstration units and 14 national ethnic unity and progress education bases, and has selected 1,555 (times) model collectives and 2,690 (times) model individuals for ethnic unity and progress at or above the autonomous region level. A number of models of ethnic unity and progress have emerged, such as "People's Guard" Bayika Kelidibieke (巴依卡·凯力迪别克) and "People's Role Model" Burumahan Maurledo (布茹玛汗·毛勒朵).
The Sinicization of religion in China is steadily advancing. Xinjiang has historically been a region where multiple religions coexist, and the main religions currently include Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity. Xinjiang fully and accurately implements the Party's policy of freedom of religious belief, respects the religious beliefs of the masses, manages religious affairs in accordance with the law, adheres to the principle of independence and self-reliance, and actively guides religion to adapt to socialist society. We will adhere to the direction of Sinicization of religion in China, strengthen ideological and political guidance for religious circles, carry out activities such as the national flag, the Constitution and laws and regulations, socialist core values, and Chinese excellent traditional culture entering religious activity venues, and enhance the "five recognitions" of religious figures and religious believers. We will support religious circles in strengthening the construction of theological thought, making interpretations of religious doctrines and rules that meet the requirements of the development and progress of the times and meet the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and enhance the sense of identity with Chinese culture. We will strengthen the construction of the contingent of religious figures, formulate a training plan, and focus on cultivating a group of "dual-proficient" talents who are proficient in classical doctrines and proficient in excellent traditional Chinese culture to promote the healthy inheritance of religion. We will strengthen the governance of religious affairs in accordance with the law, support religious circles in deepening de-extremization, and consciously resist and prevent the infiltration of religious extremist thoughts. We will guide and support religious circles to comprehensively and strictly govern religion, strengthen self-education, self-management, and self-restraint, and set an example in leading religious believers to contribute to the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
VI. The Construction of Democracy and the Rule of Law is Continuously Deepened
Whole-process people's democracy is the essential attribute of socialist democratic politics, and it is the most extensive, most genuine, and most effective democracy. Xinjiang deeply implements the major concept of whole-process people's democracy, organically unifies the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, ensures the implementation of the system of people's congresses, the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the system of ethnic regional autonomy, and the system of grassroots mass autonomy, and new steps have been taken in the construction of democracy and the rule of law.
Remarkable achievements have been made in whole-process people's democracy. Xinjiang connects all links of democratic elections, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision, and continuously improves the institutional system of whole-process people's democracy. The system of people's congresses is an important institutional carrier for realizing whole-process people's democracy. As of 2024, Xinjiang has a total of 74,412 deputies to people's congresses at all levels, of which grassroots deputies account for 78.69% and deputies of ethnic minorities account for 69.21%, reflecting the equal status of all strata and ethnic groups in national political life. Consultative democracy is an important form of practicing whole-process people's democracy. As of 2024, Xinjiang has a total of 16,121 members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) at all levels, of which non-Party members account for 49.06% and members of ethnic minorities account for 46.13%, reflecting the broad representativeness in organization and the great inclusiveness in politics. Grassroots democracy is an important manifestation of whole-process people's democracy. 100% of villages (communities) in Xinjiang have established a system of mass autonomy, and more than 85% of the decision-making matters of grassroots autonomous organizations come from the suggestions of the masses, demonstrating the authenticity, extensiveness, and effectiveness of grassroots democracy. The united front is a powerful force for promoting whole-process people's democracy. Xinjiang coordinates the work of democratic parties and non-party figures, non-Party intellectuals, and non-public economic figures to widely build consensus. Democratic supervision is a key link in whole-process people's democracy. The people's congresses and their standing committees at all levels in Xinjiang strengthen supervision over the performance of statutory duties by the "one government, one commission, and two courts," and the CPPCC at all levels conducts consultative supervision by putting forward opinions, criticisms, and suggestions to ensure that the legitimate rights and interests of people of all ethnic groups are maintained and realized.
The advantages of the system of ethnic regional autonomy have been further demonstrated. Xinjiang adheres to the combination of unity and autonomy, the combination of ethnic factors and regional factors, and fully guarantees that all ethnic groups in Xinjiang jointly become masters of the country and participate in the management of state affairs. The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is an autonomous region with three levels of autonomous areas (region, prefecture, and county), and currently has 5 autonomous prefectures and 6 autonomous counties, and enjoys extensive autonomy in accordance with the law. In the standing committees of the people's congresses of each autonomous area, citizens of the ethnic group exercising regional autonomy serve as chairman or vice chairman; the chairman, governor, and county head of each autonomous area are all citizens of the ethnic group exercising regional autonomy. People of all ethnic groups enjoy equal legal status, enjoy the rights to elect and be elected conferred by the Constitution and laws, and also enjoy the rights to participate in the management of state affairs, freedom of religious belief, receive education, use and develop their own ethnic language and writing, and inherit and protect their own ethnic excellent traditional culture. Xinjiang respects and guarantees the learning and use of minority languages and writing, scientifically protects the languages and writing of all ethnic groups, and advocates that all ethnic groups learn each other's languages and writing.
Major progress has been made in the construction of the rule of law. Implementing the Party Central Committee's decision-making and deployment on comprehensively governing the country according to law, Xinjiang actively promotes the integrated construction of a rule-of-law Xinjiang, a rule-of-law government, and a rule-of-law society. We will run through the respect and protection of human rights in all links of legislation, law enforcement, justice, and law-abiding, and strive to make the people feel fairness and justice in every legal system, every law enforcement decision, and every judicial case. Exercising the power of local legislation in accordance with the law, as of the end of 2024, the People's Congress of the Autonomous Region and its Standing Committee have formulated and revised local regulations, regulatory resolutions and decisions, and resolutions and decisions on major matters of the Autonomous Region, and approved a total of 874 local regulations and separate regulations, of which 175 local regulations are currently in effect, and 56 regulatory resolutions and decisions and resolutions and decisions on major matters, laying a solid legal foundation for maintaining social stability and long-term peace and stability. We will actively promote democratic legislation, establish 2 national-level grassroots legislative contact points, 23 autonomous region-level legislative contact points, and 112 prefecture-level legislative contact points to widely listen to the opinions and suggestions of grassroots people on legislative work. We will deeply promote the construction of a rule-of-law government, and administrative law enforcement departments at all levels have cumulatively publicized more than 500,000 pieces of law enforcement information and carried out more than 2,100 law enforcement supervision and inspection activities. We will continuously strengthen the construction of the grassroots rule-of-law system, establish judicial offices in townships (streets), establish people's mediation committees in villages (communities), give full play to the role of legal advisers and legal experts, and establish a public legal service system covering urban and rural areas. New steps have been taken in the construction of foreign-related rule of law. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the Autonomous Region has revised the border management regulations and promulgated regulations such as the "Regulations on the China (Xinjiang) Free Trade Pilot Zone" (中国（新疆）自由贸易试验区条例) to provide escort for the construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt.
The level of human rights protection has been continuously improved. Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle of China. Promoting the comprehensive development of human rights is the unremitting pursuit of all Chinese people, including the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, adheres to taking respect and protection of human rights as an important part of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era, and takes effective measures to earnestly protect the basic rights of people of all ethnic groups. Xinjiang always adheres to the people-centered human rights concept, takes enhancing the well-being of people of all ethnic groups as the starting point and end result of all work, maintains social harmony and stability in accordance with the law, accelerates the promotion of high-quality development, continuously guarantees and improves people's livelihoods, constantly consolidates and develops ethnic unity, protects freedom of religious belief in accordance with the law, and attaches importance to protecting and inheriting the excellent traditional cultures of all ethnic groups. The rights to subsistence and development of people of all ethnic groups are effectively guaranteed, and the political, economic, social, cultural, environmental and other rights of people of all ethnic groups are fully realized. At present, the socialist system with Chinese characteristics provides a strong institutional guarantee for the development and progress of human rights in Xinjiang, the high-quality economic and social development has laid a solid material foundation for the development and progress of human rights in Xinjiang, and the continuous and stable social environment has created good development conditions for the development and progress of human rights in Xinjiang. The development of human rights in Xinjiang has achieved unprecedented achievements.
VII. High-Quality Development and High-Level Opening-up Advance Synergistically
To promote Chinese-style modernization and achieve common prosperity, no ethnic group can be left behind. Xinjiang fully and accurately implements the new development concept, actively serves and integrates into the new development pattern, further comprehensively deepens reform and expands high-level opening-up. The foundation of economic and social development is more solid, the momentum of progress is significantly enhanced, and the quality and efficiency of innovation are greatly improved. Xinjiang's practice of Chinese-style modernization has taken solid steps.
The economy has continued to develop in a healthy and rapid manner. Xinjiang is anchored in the strategic positioning in the overall national situation, always grasping the inherent unity of innovation, coordination, greenness, openness, and sharing, and making every effort to promote high-quality development. The comprehensive economic strength has been significantly enhanced, and many indicators have achieved historic leaps. The regional GDP increased from 749.947 billion yuan in 2012 to 2053.408 billion yuan in 2024, breaking through the 2 trillion yuan mark for the first time, with an average annual growth rate of 7.0% calculated at constant prices. The per capita regional GDP increased from 33,495 yuan in 2012 to 78,660 yuan in 2024, an increase of 1.3 times at current prices. General public budget revenue increased from 90.897 billion yuan in 2012 to 240.969 billion yuan in 2024, with an average annual increase of more than 10 billion yuan. The industrial structure has been continuously optimized, and the structure of the three industries has been optimized from 16.1:44.3:39.6 in 2012 to 12.5:39.6:47.9 in 2024. We will coordinate and promote the complementary advantages and coordinated development of Urumqi-Changji (乌克昌), Northern Xinjiang (北疆), Eastern Xinjiang (东疆), and Southern Xinjiang (南疆) and other regions, accelerate the pace of new urbanization, and build a regional economy and spatial layout for high-quality development. The urbanization rate of Xinjiang's permanent residents increased from 44.22% in 2012 to 60.36% in 2024, an increase of 16.14 percentage points.
Infrastructure construction has been comprehensively strengthened. Xinjiang is focusing on optimizing the layout, structure, function, and system integration of infrastructure, and comprehensively planning the construction of "ten networks" including railways, highways, aviation, electricity, natural gas, commercial logistics, and computing power. The "main artery" of the transportation network is more unimpeded. The railway operating mileage increased from 4,914 kilometers in 2012 to 9,202 kilometers in 2024, reaching all prefectures and cities and covering more than 80% of county-level administrative regions. The highway mileage increased from 165,900 kilometers in 2012 to 230,000 kilometers in 2024, and all prefectures and cities and more than 90% of counties (cities, districts) have entered the "highway era." There are 595 civil aviation routes, and 25 international passenger routes reach 17 countries and regions. A route pattern of "forming a fan in the east and west and forming a network within Xinjiang" has been formed. The first, second, and third channels of "Xinjiang electricity transmission to other regions" provide stable power supply. The length of 750 kV lines exceeds 12,000 kilometers, and the amount of electricity transmitted has exceeded 100 billion kilowatt-hours for five consecutive years, "lighting up" 22 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities across the country. The "information expressway" has been spread and extended on the land of Xinjiang, with a fiber optic cable length of 1.784 million kilometers, realizing gigabit access to every county, 5G access to every township, and broadband access to every village.
The cluster effect of the modern industrial system is fully demonstrated. Xinjiang focuses on what the country needs and what it can do, based on its resource endowments and industrial foundation, and accelerates the construction of a modern industrial system with distinctive characteristics and advantages. The national high-quality agricultural and livestock product supply base is accelerating its formation. In 2024, the grain yield per mu reached 1049.7 jin, ranking first in the country. The total grain output increased from 30.35 billion jin in 2012 to 46.6 billion jin in 2024, an increase of 53.6%. The total cotton output was 5.686 million tons, accounting for 92.3% of the country, ranking first in the country for 32 consecutive years, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of cultivation, planting, and harvesting reached 97%. The national strategic guarantee base for energy resources is accelerating its construction. In 2024, the oil and gas production equivalent reached 66.64 million tons, and the raw coal output reached 543 million tons. In 2024, the installed power generation capacity reached 192.7 million kilowatts, of which the installed capacity of new energy exceeded 100 million kilowatts. The Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi (乌昌石) photovoltaic cluster was selected as a national advanced manufacturing cluster. Develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions, establish a 10 billion yuan talent development fund, promote the integrated reform and development of education, science, technology, and talent, the Huairou Laboratory Xinjiang Base has been launched, the National Wind Power Technology Innovation Center has been unveiled, the Tarim Oilfield's 10,000-meter ultra-deep drilling has broken the Asian record, "Xinjiang computing entering Chongqing" has been included in the national computing and electricity coordination task pilot, and the first intelligent computing center in Xinjiang has been built and put into use. The leading and driving role of the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone has been continuously enhanced, and the development quality of 5 national high-tech industrial development zones has been significantly improved. The efforts to cultivate high-quality enterprises have been continuously increased. As of the end of 2024, Xinjiang has cultivated 11 manufacturing single champion enterprises, 52 specialized and new "little giant" enterprises, and 2,742 high-tech enterprises.
The green and low-carbon development background is more sufficient. Xinjiang firmly establishes the concept that green waters and green mountains are invaluable assets, adheres to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands, and strives to improve the ability and level of ecological security guarantee. The effectiveness of atmospheric environmental governance has been demonstrated. In 2024, the proportion of days with excellent or good air quality in Xinjiang's prefecture-level and above cities was 78.1%. Scientifically utilize water resources, improve water use efficiency, and strengthen water environment management. In 2024, the proportion of Xinjiang's surface water reaching or better than Class III water quality was 95.9%. The ecological water conveyance project in the Tarim River Basin has been implemented, and the groundwater level on both sides of the lower reaches has been significantly raised, promoting the coordinated development of economy, society, population, resources, and environment in the basin. Scientifically carry out land greening actions, continuously promote the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Project, and the forest coverage rate increased from 4.24% in 2012 to 5.07% in 2024. In the past 30 years, the oasis area has increased by 56.6%. Continue to fight the battle to block the edge of the Taklamakan Desert, and successfully "close" the world's longest desert ecological barrier of 3,046 kilometers, creating a new miracle in desertification prevention and control. Accelerate the promotion of green transformation, actively promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of regional GDP continue to decline.
The construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt is accelerating. Xinjiang consciously integrates the regional opening-up strategy into the overall national westward opening-up layout, and takes the construction of "one port, two zones, five centers, and a port economic belt" as the starting point to build a golden channel for Asia and Europe and a bridgehead for westward opening-up. The major channel for opening up to the outside world is accelerating its construction. There are 19 ports open to the outside world, and the Khunjerab Port (红其拉甫口岸) has achieved year-round opening. A total of 119 bilateral international road transport routes and 10 multilateral international road freight routes have been opened. In 2024, 16,400 China-Europe (Asia) freight trains passed through, maintaining more than 10,000 trains for five consecutive years. The number of economic and trade partners has continued to expand, from only a few trading partners in the 1950s to economic and trade cooperation with 196 countries and regions in 2012, and economic and trade exchanges have been achieved with 211 countries and regions around the world in 2024. The scale of trade has continued to increase. The total import and export volume increased from 158.96 billion yuan in 2012 to 434.16 billion yuan in 2024, crossing the 200 billion yuan, 300 billion yuan, and 400 billion yuan marks in 2022, 2023, and 2024 respectively. The platform for opening up to the outside world is more sound. The China (Xinjiang) Free Trade Pilot Zone was approved for establishment in October 2023, and more than 9,000 new enterprises were added in 2024, with the total import and export volume accounting for more than 30% of the entire region. The construction of Tacheng Key Development and Opening-up Pilot Zone, Horgos Economic Development Zone, and Kashgar Economic Development Zone is accelerating.
VIII. Significant Achievements in Cultural Development
Culture nurtures people's aspirations and cultivates people's sentiments. Xinjiang deeply studies and practices Xi Jinping's thought on culture, strengthens cultural confidence, deeply promotes cultural enrichment of Xinjiang, develops and prospers Chinese culture, including the cultures of all ethnic groups, with a more positive attitude and more effective measures, continuously promotes the systematic protection of cultural heritage, continuously stimulates cultural innovation and creativity, promotes the prosperity and development of socialist culture, and better meets the new expectations of people of all ethnic groups for spiritual and cultural life.
Cultural heritage has been effectively protected. Xinjiang adheres to the principles of protection first, rational utilization, and minimum intervention, and comprehensively improves the level of cultural heritage protection and inheritance. Research and compile the Xinjiang Cultural Heritage Protection Plan, and successively promulgate local regulations such as the Kashgar Ancient City Protection Regulations and the Manas Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Regulations, and continuously consolidate the legal guarantee for cultural heritage protection. As of 2024, Xinjiang has 195 cultural relics protection institutions at all levels, 150 registered museums, and 9,545 identified and registered immovable cultural relics, including 6 world cultural heritage sites, 133 national key cultural relics protection units, and 779 autonomous region-level cultural relics protection units. There are 3 UNESCO intangible cultural heritage projects, and 141 and 567 projects have been selected into the national and autonomous region-level representative lists of intangible cultural heritage respectively. Coordinate the relationship between cultural heritage protection and urban and rural construction and development, and effectively protect, rationally utilize, and scientifically manage historical and cultural cities, towns, villages, traditional villages, and historical and cultural blocks. Orderly promote the protection and display of key sites and relics of the effective governance of Xinjiang by the central government, strengthen the protection and utilization of the Site Group of the Western Regions Protectorate, Ulap Ancient City, Beiting Ancient City Site, and Yili General's Mansion, and build the Beiting Ancient City National Archaeological Site Park, the Western Regions Protectorate Museum, and the Silk Road·Great Wall Culture Museum. Xinjiang archaeology has been included in the "Archaeological China" major project, and projects such as the protection and utilization of religious sites around the Tarim Basin have been implemented. The Kizil Grottoes Museum and the Kuqa (龟兹) Wei and Jin Dynasty Site Museum have been built, and the protection of cultural relics projects such as the Kizil Grottoes, Subashi Buddhist Temple Site, Loulan Ancient City Site, and Xipang Nestorian Temple Site have been organized and promoted. Tongtiandong Site, Keyake Kuduk Beacon Tower Site, and Mor Temple Site have been successively selected as the annual top ten new archaeological discoveries in the country.
Cultural and artistic creation is flourishing. Xinjiang regards the creation and production of excellent works as the central link of literary and artistic work, improves the service, guidance, and organization mechanism for literary and artistic creation and production, and forms a good situation in which literary and artistic masterpieces continue to emerge. In terms of literary creation, the Tianshan Literature Award has been established, and a number of works on Xinjiang themes have been renowned throughout the country. "Benba" won the Mao Dun Literature Award, "Distant Sunflower Land" and "West Great Wall" won the Lu Xun Literature Award, and "Flowers Are Always So Red" won the National Ethnic Minority Literature Creation Horse Award. In terms of song, dance, and drama creation, songs such as "The Shepherd of Koktokay" and "Apple Fragrance" have made Xinjiang melodies sung throughout the country, and dance dramas such as "Five Stars Rise in the East" and "Zhang Qian" use art to write national spirit and reflect historical roots. Dances such as "Maigaiti Under the Sun" and "Grandpa's Samovar" have successively won the "Lotus Award" gold award, the highest award in Chinese dance. The performer of Qinqiang "Burning Incense" won the Chinese Drama Plum Blossom Award. In terms of film and television creation, Xinjiang-themed films such as "The Distant Pastoral Song" have won the "Five-One Project" award for seven consecutive sessions, the children's film "Little Horsewhip" won the China Film Huabiao Award, the TV series "My Altay" became popular on the screen and was broadcast in many countries, and the documentary film "Clouds on the Ground" aroused enthusiastic response. The performance of the Kashgar branch venue of the 2024 CCTV Spring Festival Gala was wonderful and amazed the world.
The public cultural service system is becoming increasingly完善 日趋完善 (rì qū wán shàn - "increasingly perfect," gradually becoming complete and well-developed). Xinjiang actively promotes the standardization and equalization of public cultural services, promotes high-quality cultural resources to reach the grassroots level, fully guarantees the people's cultural rights, and effectively improves the quality of people's lives. As of the end of 2024, 111 public libraries, 118 cultural centers, 1,126 township (street) comprehensive cultural facilities, and 11,783 village-level comprehensive cultural centers have been built, with a building area of 695.86 square meters of mass cultural facilities per 10,000 people. A total of 88,800 sports venues have been built, and a five-level public cultural service network at the district, prefecture, county, township, and village levels has been completely constructed. Adhering to cultural benefits for the people, we will continue to promote the "village-to-village" and "household-to-household" projects for radio and television, with comprehensive population coverage rates of 99.26% and 99.37% for radio and television respectively, so that people of all ethnic groups can share rich cultural achievements at their doorsteps. From 2012 to 2024, a total of 1.368 million rural public welfare films were screened, and screenings were held at nearly 9,000 screening points in rural areas and communities every year, achieving full coverage of screenings in administrative villages. The China Xinjiang Folk Art Season and the Xinjiang National Reading Conference are held, mass "village evenings" covering all villages and communities are carried out, and pomegranate seed literary and artistic teams are formed to let literature and art often go to the countryside, stay in the countryside, and benefit the countryside.
The cultural tourism industry is accelerating its development. Xinjiang adheres to the principle of enriching tourism with culture and highlighting culture with tourism, promotes the deep integration of culture and tourism development, and allows tourists to appreciate the beauty of nature, feel the beauty of culture, and cultivate the beauty of the soul. The autonomous region's cultural and tourism industry cluster development plan has been issued, and special funds for industrial development have been established, focusing on building a trillion-yuan-level cultural and tourism industry cluster. We will continue to promote the development of sports tourism, sports training, sports events and other industries, and hold the China Taklimakan Rally (International), the China Xinjiang Sayram Lake Highway Cycling Race, and the World Freeride Tour, and the aggregation effect of the cultural tourism and sports industry is gradually emerging. We will concentrate our efforts on creating tourism brands such as ice and snow tourism. As of the end of 2024, Xinjiang has 72 ski resorts and 5 national-level ski tourism resorts, and ice and snow tourism has entered the "first echelon" in the country. Self-driving tours and special tours are highly sought after, and the G219 line (Xinjiang section), Xinjiang 101 Provincial Highway, Duku Highway, Ahe Highway, and the Ring Bosten Lake Highway have become "internet celebrity highways," and the types of tourism products continue to be enriched. The number of tourists received increased from 48.6 million in 2012 to 302 million in 2024, an increase of 5.21 times, and the total tourist expenditure in 2024 was 359.542 billion yuan.
IX. People's Well-being Continues to Improve
People's happy life is the greatest human right, and making the people live a good life is the starting point and end result of promoting Xinjiang's development. Xinjiang adheres to the people-centered approach, implements development to improve people's livelihoods, benefit the local area, and enhance unity, and wholeheartedly solves the most concerning, most direct, and most realistic interests of people of all ethnic groups. More than 70% of the general public financial budget expenditure is used to guarantee and improve people's livelihoods every year, so that the fruits of development can be shared more fairly by people of all ethnic groups.
The comprehensive victory has been achieved in poverty alleviation. Xinjiang (新疆) was once one of the regions with the largest poverty-stricken area and the deepest poverty level in the country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xinjiang (新疆) has regarded poverty alleviation as the primary project for people's livelihood, deploying its best resources and implementing precise policies. After continuous efforts, it has overcome the poverty stronghold. By the end of 2020, all 3.0649 million rural impoverished people in Xinjiang (新疆) had been lifted out of poverty, all 3,666 impoverished villages had been removed from the list, and all 35 impoverished counties had been delisted. The problem of absolute poverty, which had plagued Xinjiang (新疆) for thousands of years, has been historically resolved, and Xinjiang (新疆) has joined the rest of the country in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The infrastructure conditions in poverty-stricken areas have been historically improved. 100% of all townships and established villages with the necessary conditions have access to paved roads, passenger transport, and power, completely ending the history of rural impoverished people living in dilapidated houses and completely bidding farewell to the history of drinking bitter and salty water. 2021 was the first year after the comprehensive victory in poverty alleviation. The per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas reached 14,477 yuan, an increase of 1.8 times compared to 5,090 yuan in 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 12.3%. The number of household cars, washing machines, refrigerators, and computers per 100 households increased by 14.6, 51.6, 49.5, and 5.1 respectively compared to 2012, and the quality of life continues to improve. After winning the battle against poverty, Xinjiang (新疆) has embarked on a new journey, consolidating and expanding the achievements in poverty alleviation, promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, and making the lives of people of all ethnic groups more prosperous and promising.
Employment continues to improve. Xinjiang (新疆) adheres to the strategy of giving priority to employment and makes every effort to promote high-quality and full employment. The scale of employment continues to expand, with the total number of employed people increasing from 12.46 million in 2012 to 13.91 million in 2024, an increase of 11.64%. The employment structure is becoming more reasonable. In 2024, the proportion of employed people in the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries was 31.34%, 14.45%, and 54.21% respectively. In 2024, the number of employed people in urban areas was 8.18 million, accounting for 58.8%, and the ability of urban areas to absorb employment continues to increase. Income has steadily increased. In 2024, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 42,820 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 19,427 yuan, an increase of 23,801 yuan and 12,551 yuan respectively compared to 2012. Labor employment creates a better life. Xinjiang (新疆), through improving a fair employment policy system and a labor rights protection mechanism, not only protects the legitimate rights and interests of workers, but also enables people with the ability to work to achieve employment, maximizing the guarantee of voluntary employment and decent work for people of all ethnic groups.
The education cause has developed in an all-round way. Xinjiang (新疆) adheres to prioritizing education development, accelerating the construction of a high-quality education system, and promoting the results of education development to benefit people of all ethnic groups more and more fairly. In 2024, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in Xinjiang (新疆) reached 102.72%, the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education reached more than 99%, and the gross enrollment rate of high school reached 97.74%, all of which are higher than the national average. Investment in education continues to increase. Since 2012, the state's financial education funds have cumulatively invested 1.1 trillion yuan in Xinjiang (新疆), and a cumulative investment of 47.9 billion yuan has been made in improving the conditions for running primary and secondary schools alone, and the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education has been promoted in an orderly manner. A student financial assistance system covering all academic stages has been established to provide assistance to students from families with financial difficulties, and the amount of financial assistance has increased from 2.039 billion yuan in 2012 to 9.306 billion yuan in 2024. Aksu (阿克苏), Kashgar (喀什), Hotan (和田) and Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture (克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州) in southern Xinjiang (新疆) implement 15 years of free education from kindergarten to high school. The layout and structure of higher education continue to be optimized. In 2024, Xinjiang (新疆) has 63 ordinary universities, an increase of 24 compared to 2012, especially the historical breakthrough of achieving full coverage of undergraduate education in the five prefectures of southern Xinjiang (新疆). The scale of vocational education has been further expanded. In 2024, the number of students enrolled was 575,000, an increase of 60.69% compared to 2012, and a group of high-quality technical and skilled talents have been trained, and a modern vocational education system has been basically established.
The health service system has been improved and optimized. Xinjiang (新疆) adheres to improving people's health promotion policies and significantly improving the level of health protection. As of 2024, there are more than 19,000 medical and health institutions of various levels and types in Xinjiang (新疆), the total number of personnel in the health system has reached 314,600, and there are 7.85 beds in medical institutions per thousand people, 3.19 licensed (assistant) physicians, and 4.12 registered nurses, and the service system is constantly improving. A total of 55 national-level key clinical specialties and 358 autonomous region-level key clinical specialties have been built, 54 autonomous region-level specialty alliances and 74 telemedicine collaboration networks have been built to facilitate people of all ethnic groups to "see a doctor and see a doctor well." Promote the expansion, sinking and balanced layout of high-quality medical resources, the proportion of close county medical communities has reached 86.05%, and the standardization rate of township health centers and village health rooms has reached 100%, basically achieving "major diseases do not leave Xinjiang (新疆), general diseases are solved in cities and counties, and daily diseases are solved at the grassroots level." Actively promote the construction of Xinjiang International Medical Center (新疆国际医疗中心), and create a landmark and demonstration project of medical services in the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt; accelerate the construction of 3 national regional medical centers and 4 autonomous region-level regional medical centers in Xinjiang (新疆), implement functional positioning, and realize the qualitative change of medical services from "having" to "excellence." The capacity for public health protection has been significantly enhanced, and the integration and reorganization of disease control and supervision institutions in 14 prefectures and cities and 96 counties (cities, districts) have been fully completed, and the disease prevention and control system has been improved day by day. With the development and growth of the health cause, the health level of the people has continued to improve, and the average life expectancy has increased from 30 years in 1949 to 77 years in 2024.
The social security network has been further woven more tightly. Xinjiang (新疆) continues to improve and perfect a multi-level social security system covering the whole people, coordinating urban and rural areas, being fair and unified, safe and standardized, and sustainable, and the safety net for people's livelihood security is becoming more and more dense. As of the end of 2024, the number of people participating in basic pension insurance in Xinjiang (新疆) reached 16.9115 million, and the number of people participating in basic medical insurance reached 23.669 million, with the participation rate remaining stable at more than 95%; the number of people participating in unemployment and work-related injury insurance reached 4.1983 million and 5.4342 million respectively. While the security system is constantly improving, the level of security is also improving simultaneously, and the fruits of reform and development are benefiting people of all ethnic groups more and more fairly. Xinjiang (新疆) has established and improved a dynamic growth mechanism for social assistance standards and a linkage mechanism between social assistance and security standards and price increases, and has raised the minimum living guarantee standard 13 times in a row since 2012, effectively ensuring the bottom line of basic people's livelihood.
X. A strong joint force for building Xinjiang (新疆) is constantly gathering.
The great achievements of the new era have been achieved through the hard work, hard work, and struggle of the Party and the people! The historical achievements and historical changes in various undertakings in Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era are fundamentally due to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the result of the selfless support of the people of the whole country, and the result of the unity and struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆).
The strong support of the Party and the state has laid the foundation for the development of Xinjiang (新疆). The strong leadership of the Communist Party of China is the greatest political advantage for Xinjiang (新疆) to overcome difficulties and forge ahead in the process of Chinese-style modernization. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has given Xinjiang (新疆) care and love, established the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era, given Xinjiang (新疆) the "five strategic positions," and introduced policy measures to better adhere to people's livelihood, unite people's hearts, and promote the high-quality economic and social development of Xinjiang (新疆), leading the work of Xinjiang (新疆) to adhere to the right and innovate and move forward victoriously. Under the unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, the whole Party and the whole country have firmly established the idea of "a chess game," improved the working mechanism of central departments supporting and guiding, provinces and cities supporting and cooperating, and Xinjiang (新疆) playing the main role, forming a strong joint force to jointly build a beautiful Xinjiang (新疆). The state has given special support in terms of financial funds, project construction, preferential policies, industrial support and investment guidance. Since 2012, the central government has cumulatively transferred more than 4 trillion yuan to Xinjiang (新疆), which increased to 543.479 billion yuan in 2024. The strong leadership and cordial care of the Party Central Committee have provided fundamental guidance and injected strong political, spiritual and working impetus for doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era.
Paired assistance to Xinjiang (新疆) has been improved in quality and efficiency. Paired assistance to Xinjiang (新疆) is a strategic move to achieve social stability and lasting peace in Xinjiang (新疆). The central and state organs, central enterprises, and relevant provinces and cities adhere to comprehensive assistance to Xinjiang (新疆), precise assistance to Xinjiang (新疆), and long-term assistance to Xinjiang (新疆), and implement all-round paired assistance in terms of cadres and talents, industrial projects, science and education, medical and health care, culture and tourism, etc. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a cumulative amount of more than 200 billion yuan has been arranged for assistance to Xinjiang (新疆), the investment amount of economic cooperation projects coordinated and landed is 3 trillion yuan, and more than 15,000 enterprises have been introduced, promoting Xinjiang (新疆) to embark on the track of high-quality development. Assistance to Xinjiang (新疆) has always focused on ensuring and improving people's livelihood. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, 89.2% of the funds for assistance to Xinjiang (新疆) projects were invested in the field of people's livelihood, and 91.3% were invested at the grassroots level, promoting the continuous improvement of the well-being of people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆). Through the work of assisting Xinjiang (新疆), a large number of cadres and talents assisting Xinjiang (新疆) have been selected and sent to work in Xinjiang (新疆), promoting the two-way rush of cadres and the masses between the assisted and assisted parties, arranging for grassroots cadres in Xinjiang (新疆) to go to the provinces and cities assisting Xinjiang (新疆) for training, organizing cultural exchange activities among ethnic groups, and promoting multi-level and multi-form interaction among ethnic groups inside and outside Xinjiang (新疆). The vast number of cadres and talents assisting Xinjiang (新疆) support Xinjiang (新疆) and dedicate themselves to Xinjiang (新疆), tightly linking the hearts of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) and the people of the whole country, forming a strong joint force to jointly realize the Chinese dream.
The integrated development of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (新疆生产建设兵团) and local areas has injected new impetus. The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (新疆生产建设兵团) is an important strategic force for achieving the overall goal of Xinjiang (新疆) work. The autonomous region and the corps adhere to the principle of "one game of chess" between the corps and local areas, vigorously promote the integrated layout of strategic planning, the integrated formulation of overall planning, the effective connection of special planning, and the coordinated coordination of regional planning, and build a development pattern of complementary advantages and deep embedding. Innovate and improve the working mechanism for the integrated development of the corps and local areas, jointly implement a number of important infrastructure projects, jointly build Hami (哈密), Zhundong (准东), and the Tarim Basin (塔里木) with 3 ten-million-kilowatt-level new energy bases, and actively promote the high-quality development of open platforms such as free trade pilot zones, comprehensive bonded zones, development and opening pilot zones, and economic and technological development zones. Continue to promote resource sharing and service integration, 10 pairs of universities, 20 pairs of secondary vocational schools, and 590 primary and secondary schools (kindergartens) have established "hand-in-hand" pairing and mutual assistance relationships, and the corps and local areas have successfully formed 196 medical consortia of various types. The depth and breadth of the integrated development of the corps and local areas continue to expand, composing a moving chapter of unity and mutual assistance, complementary advantages, and common development.
Unite and struggle to build a beautiful home. Today's Xinjiang (新疆) is characterized by social stability and harmony, strong development momentum, ethnic unity and progress, cultural prosperity and development, religious harmony and harmony, and people living and working in peace and contentment. A new atmosphere of stability, harmony and vigorous development is presented everywhere in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山). Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and with the strong support of the people of the whole country, more than 26 million cadres, workers and people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) have kept their entrustments in mind, been grateful and forged ahead, fully and accurately implemented the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era, firmly grasped the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security, taken the forging of a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, played the main role, taken practical actions and made contributions, solidly promoted the fundamental, basic and long-term work concerning lasting peace and security, and radiated an unprecedented historical initiative and historical creative spirit. They are writing a Xinjiang (新疆) chapter of Chinese-style modernization with full confidence, and striving to turn the grand blueprint drawn by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core for Xinjiang (新疆) into reality.
Concluding remarks
History is like a tide, and the road is like a grindstone. The pass is long and arduous, and the sails are raised again.
The great achievements in reform, development and stability in Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era are fundamentally due to General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) as the core of the Party Central Committee and the core of the whole Party leading and steering the course, fundamentally due to the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and fundamentally due to the full and accurate implementation of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era.
The Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era has guided the modernization of the border governance system and governance capacity to achieve a historic leap, and has found a correct path to coordinate development and security in the border areas, solidly promote the Xinjiang (新疆) practice of Chinese-style modernization, and achieve the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security in Xinjiang (新疆).
Although the dream is distant, it can be reached if pursued; although the wish is difficult, it can be fulfilled if persisted. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区). Looking forward to the future, in the magnificent practice in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山), and in the great journey of Chinese-style modernization, the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era will surely continue to demonstrate its great power, and it will surely continue to enrich and develop. Under the guidance of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era, the road to development in Chinese Xinjiang (新疆) will surely become wider and wider, and the tomorrow of Chinese Xinjiang (新疆) will surely be more brilliant and splendid.
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), September 20)
Return to TopBy: 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
Table of Contents
Foreword
I. Historical Ideas and Experiences of Central Governments in Governing Xinjiang
——Placing the Governance of Xinjiang within the Overall Context of National Governance
——Respecting the Concept of Great Unification
——Strengthening Xinjiang's Governance Based on Local Conditions
——Vigorously Developing and Constructing Xinjiang
——Promoting Ethnic Integration and Religious Coexistence
——Uniting People of All Ethnic Groups with Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture
II. The Glorious History of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in Governing Xinjiang
——Active Exploration during the New Democratic Revolution Period
——Comprehensive Development during the Socialist Revolution and Construction Period
——In-depth Advancement during the New Period of Reform and Opening Up and Socialist Modernization
——Entering a New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
III. The CPC's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era Opens a New Chapter in Governing Xinjiang
——The Formation and Development of the CPC's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era
——The Core Essence of the CPC's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era
——The Principle Requirements of the CPC's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang in the New Era
IV. The Foundation for Social Stability and Lasting Peace and Security is More Solid
——Significant Achievements in the Anti-Separatism Struggle
——The Rule of Law in Anti-Terrorism and Stability Maintenance is Steadily Advancing
——Precise Implementation of Counter-Sanctions and Counter-Interference
——Significantly Improved Social Governance Effectiveness
V. The Construction of the Chinese National Community is Deeply Advanced
——Accelerating the Construction of a Shared Spiritual Home for the Chinese Nation
——Closer Exchanges, Interactions, and Integration among All Ethnic Groups
——Consolidating and Developing the Cause of Ethnic Unity and Progress
——Steadily Promoting the Sinicization of Religion in China
VI. Continuous Deepening of Democratic and Legal Construction
——Remarkable Achievements in Whole-Process People's Democracy
——Further Highlighting the Advantages of the System of Ethnic Regional Autonomy
——Major Progress in the Construction of the Rule of Law
——Continuous Improvement in the Level of Human Rights Protection
VII. Coordinated Advancement of High-Quality Development and High-Level Opening Up
——Sustained, Healthy, and Rapid Economic Development
——Comprehensive Strengthening of Infrastructure Construction
——Fully Manifesting the Cluster Effect of the Modern Industrial System
——A Greener and Lower-Carbon Development Foundation
——Accelerating the Construction of the Core Area of the Silk Road Economic Belt
VIII. Significant Achievements in Cultural Development
——Effective Protection of Cultural Heritage
——Flourishing Development of Cultural and Artistic Creation
——Increasingly Improved Public Cultural Service System
——Accelerating the Development of the Cultural Tourism Industry
IX. Continuous Improvement of People's Well-being
——Achieving a Comprehensive Victory in Poverty Alleviation
——Continuous Improvement in Employment
——All-Round Development of Education
——Sound and Optimized Health Service System
——Further Strengthening and Consolidating the Social Security Network
X. Continuously Gathering a Powerful Force for Building Xinjiang
——Strong Support from the Party and the State Lays the Foundation for Xinjiang's Development
——Improving the Quality and Efficiency of Paired Assistance to Xinjiang
——Injecting New Momentum into the Integrated Development of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (兵团) and Local Areas
——Uniting and Striving to Build a Beautiful Homeland
Concluding Remarks
Foreword
Vast territory, where the people dwell. Border security is a vital national matter.
The Chinese nation is a great nation with a civilization of over five thousand years. Our various ethnic groups have blazed trails, overcome obstacles, jointly developed the vast territory of the motherland, jointly created a unified multi-ethnic country, jointly written the glorious history of China, jointly created the splendid Chinese culture, and jointly cultivated the great national spirit.
Xinjiang, formerly known as the Western Regions (西域), has been an inseparable part of Chinese territory since ancient times and an important gateway for Chinese civilization to open to the world. Dynasties of central governments have established official institutions, stationed troops, and carried out land reclamation to consolidate the borders, accumulating rich historical experience in thousands of years of exploration and practice.
Since its establishment, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) has taken seeking happiness for the Chinese people, including the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, and seeking rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, including all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, as its original aspiration and mission. In the historical periods of revolution, construction, and reform, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) has drawn on historical experiences and lessons in governing Xinjiang, continuously innovated and developed the concept of governing Xinjiang, endowed Xinjiang's work with new era connotations and missions, and promoted Xinjiang's reform and development, ethnic unity, social progress, improvement of people's livelihood, and consolidation of border defense, achieving significant achievements.
Entering a new era, the Party Central Committee (党中央) with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has examined, planned, and deployed Xinjiang's work from the overall and strategic height of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, continuously deepening the understanding and grasp of the laws of governing Xinjiang, clarified the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security, established the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era, leading Xinjiang's work to adhere to principles and innovate amidst complex situations, and to advance victoriously amidst contradictions and risks, promoting historic achievements and historic changes in various undertakings in Xinjiang.
I. Historical Ideas and Experiences of Central Governments in Governing Xinjiang
Chinese central governments throughout history have always respected the concept of great unification, governing the Xinjiang region under the framework of national unification, maintaining social stability, promoting development and construction, and promoting ethnic and cultural integration, accumulating a profound historical awareness and firm common belief that the territory cannot be divided, the country cannot be chaotic, the ethnic groups cannot be scattered, and the civilization cannot be interrupted, and accumulating the ideas and experiences of the Chinese nation in governing border areas.
Placing the Governance of Xinjiang within the Overall Context of National Governance. Xinjiang is the sacred territory of China. In 60 BC, the Han Dynasty (汉朝) established the Protectorate of the Western Regions (西域都护府), pioneering the effective jurisdiction and governance of the Xinjiang region by the central government. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (魏晋南北朝), the Former Liang (前凉) regime established the Gaochang Prefecture (高昌郡) (Turpan Basin (吐鲁番盆地)), first promoting the prefecture-county system to the Western Regions. During the Sui Dynasty (隋代), the Shanshan (鄯善), Qiemo (且末), and Yiwu (伊吾) prefectures were established, expanding the scope of the prefecture-county system in the Xinjiang region. During the Tang Dynasty (唐代), the Anxi Great Protectorate (安西大都护府) and the Beiting Great Protectorate (北庭大都护府) were successively established, governing both the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山). During the Liao, Song, Xia, and Jin Dynasties (辽宋夏金), the Liao Dynasty (辽) established the Khotan King's Mansion (于阗国王府), the Gaochang Kingdom King's Mansion (高昌国大王府), and the Arslan Uyghur King's Mansion (阿萨兰回鹘大王府), effectively governing the Western Regions. During the Yuan Dynasty (元代), the provincial system was implemented in the Western Regions, and later the Beiting Grand Marshal's Office (北庭都元帅府) and the Pacification Commissioner's Office (宣慰司) were established to manage military and political affairs. During the Ming Dynasty (明代), the Hami Garrison (哈密卫) was established to manage affairs in the Western Regions. During the Qing Dynasty (清代), the Yili General (伊犁将军) was established to implement a more systematic governance of the Xinjiang region; in 1884, the Qing government established a province in the Xinjiang region, taking the meaning of "the old land returns anew," and renamed the Western Regions as "Xinjiang (新疆)." In 1912, Xinjiang actively responded to the Xinhai Revolution (辛亥革命) and became a province of the Republic of China (中华民国). In Chinese history, the central dynasties were sometimes strong and sometimes weak, and the relationship with the Western Regions was sometimes close and sometimes distant. The central government's control over the Xinjiang region was sometimes tight and sometimes loose, but every dynasty regarded the Western Regions as an inseparable part of the territory and exercised jurisdiction over the region. Maintaining the unity of the motherland is the sacred mission of the central government.
Respecting the Concept of Great Unification. Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has adhered to the concept of "**六合同风，九州共贯**" (liù hé tóng fēng, jiǔ zhōu gòng guàn - "the six directions share the same customs, the nine provinces are connected," signifying a unified culture and governance across the land) and "**天下大同**" (tiān xià dà tóng - "the world is one community," an ideal of universal harmony and equality), regarding great unification as "the constant principle of heaven and earth, the common righteousness of ancient and modern times." Central governments throughout history have continuously strengthened the concept of great unification through measures such as establishing governance systems, constructing military defenses, leading economic development, and setting an example of etiquette and order. Historically, local regimes in the Western Regions generally had a strong sense of Chinese integration, either considering themselves branches of the central government or being subordinate to the central government. During the Han Dynasty (汉代), King Yanchang (延常) of Shache (莎车) taught his son, "You should serve the Han Dynasty (汉家) in this era and not betray it." During the Tang Dynasty (唐代), the various tribes in the northwest all revered Emperor Taizong of Tang (唐太宗) as "Heavenly Khan (天可汗)." During the Ming and Qing Dynasties (明清时期), local regimes in the Western Regions, such as the Yarkand Khanate (叶尔羌汗国), frequently paid tribute to the central government, calling the tribute route the "Golden Road (金路)." The long-term tradition of great unification in Chinese civilization determines that national unity is always the core of China's core interests and that a strong and unified country is the destiny of all ethnic groups.
Strengthening Xinjiang's Governance Based on Local Conditions. Chinese central governments throughout history have attached great importance to border governance, implementing governance based on local conditions and customs under the premise of political unity. From the Grand Herald (大鸿胪) of the Han Dynasty (汉代) to the Court of State Ceremonial (鸿胪寺) of the Tang and Song Dynasties (唐宋), and then to the Xuanzheng Yuan (宣政院) of the Yuan Dynasty (元代) and the Court of Colonial Affairs (理藩院) of the Qing Dynasty (清代), central governments throughout history have established special agencies to manage ethnic affairs in border areas. During the Han Dynasty (汉代), the jurisdiction and governance of the Western Regions were strengthened, and the heads and officials of subordinate local regimes were granted titles and seals to maintain the ruling order and enhance central centralization. During the Tang Dynasty (唐代), the same prefecture-county system as in the Central Plains was implemented in the Yizhou (伊州), Xizhou (西州), and Tingzhou (庭州) areas; in the areas west of the three prefectures, local tribal leaders were appointed as governors and prefects, listening to central instructions, shouldering the mission of the imperial court, guarding the country, and sending troops to assist in battles. During the Qing Dynasty (清代), the system of the Eight Banners (八旗), prefectures and counties, Begs (伯克), and Jasaks (札萨克) under the military government system was implemented, and the governance was more systematic and完善. After Xinjiang became a province, the prefecture-county system was fully implemented to achieve administrative unity. Dynasties combined unified political order with governance based on local customs to ensure smooth governance and effective jurisdiction by the central government.
Vigorously Developing and Constructing Xinjiang. Chinese central governments throughout history have attached importance to the development and construction of Xinjiang. The Western Regions' land reclamation (西域屯田) was initiated in the Han Dynasty (汉代), and by the Tang Dynasty (唐代), land reclamation was spread throughout the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山). During the Qing Dynasty (清代), the scale of land reclamation in Xinjiang exceeded 10 million mu. Water conservancy flourished accordingly. The Milan site (米兰遗址) in Ruoqiang County (若羌县) preserves relatively complete Han Dynasty (汉代) water conservancy facilities. During the Tang Dynasty (唐代), the Tao Tuo Institute (掏拓所) and the Water Official Tao Tuo Envoy (水官掏拓使) were established to manage water conservancy. During the Qing Dynasty (清代), water conservancy construction was actively carried out in Xinjiang, rivers and canals were dredged, and Karez wells (坎儿井) were promoted. By the end of the Guangxu period (光绪) of the Qing Dynasty (清代), the total length of canals north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山) exceeded 70,000 li, with a total irrigation capacity of over 10 million mu. Xinjiang has been a vital passage of the Silk Road (丝绸之路) since ancient times. Central governments throughout history have "established post stations on important roads" to maintain the safety of trade routes and ensure trade exchanges. The Silk Road (丝路) for thousands of miles had "envoys looking at each other on the road, and merchants never stopped," lasting for thousands of years. With the active trade, a number of towns such as Khotan (于阗), Shule (疏勒), Xizhou (西州), Tingzhou (庭州), Huiyuan (惠远), and Dihua (迪化) were successively built in the Xinjiang region, bringing economic development and population growth. Continuously developing and constructing Xinjiang laid an important material foundation for achieving border stability.
Promoting Ethnic Integration and Religious Coexistence. Chinese central governments throughout history have regarded handling ethnic and religious affairs well as the key to governing Xinjiang. In each historical period, a large number of people of different ethnic groups entered and left the Xinjiang region. After long-term birth, differentiation, and integration, various ethnic groups formed a relationship of blood thicker than water and sharing weal and woe, and all made important contributions to the development, construction, and defense of Xinjiang. The Liu Pingguo Stone Carving (刘平国刻石) of the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉) and the 883 Tang Dynasty (唐代) documents unearthed from the Keyake Kuduke Beacon Tower (克亚克库都克烽燧) in Yuli County (尉犁县) record the vivid scenes of various ethnic groups jointly guarding the border. During the Qing Dynasty (清代), Manchu (满), Han (汉), Hui (回), Mongolian (Chahar) (蒙古 (察哈尔部)), Xibe (锡伯), and Solon (索伦) soldiers and civilians were transferred to Xinjiang with their families to garrison and cultivate land, consolidating the northwest border defense. The Xinjiang region has historically had a variety of religions coexisting, and central governments throughout history have incorporated the management of religious affairs into the national governance system. During the Tang Dynasty (唐代), the Chief Monk Administrator (都僧统) was established to manage Buddhist affairs in the four towns of Anxi (安西四镇). During the Qing Dynasty (清代), the "Imperial Regulations for the Muslim Regions (钦定回疆则例)" were promulgated, stipulating that the Motise Beg (摩提色布伯克) handle Islamic religious affairs and not interfere in civil affairs. Chinese civilization is a common culture gathered from diverse cultures, which fundamentally determines the historical orientation of exchanges, interactions, and integration among ethnic groups in China and determines the harmonious pattern of multiple religions coexisting in China.
Uniting People of All Ethnic Groups with Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture. Chinese central governments throughout history have regarded promoting mainstream values and excellent traditional Chinese culture as an indispensable and important part of governing Xinjiang. The formation and development of Chinese culture cannot be separated from the maintenance of Chinese characters. After the Western Han Dynasty (西汉) unified the Western Regions (西域), the Chinese language and characters began to be promoted and have been circulating in the Xinjiang region ever since. Confucianism has had a profound influence on the Western Regions. By the Tang Dynasty (唐代), Confucian classics had been widely circulated, and a large number of manuscript fragments of the "Book of Songs (诗经)," "Book of Documents (尚书)," "Book of Rites (礼记)," and "Analects (论语)" were unearthed in Turpan (吐鲁番). The central plains' codes and institutions were implemented in Xinjiang, and Chinese institutional culture, including the Zhou Rituals (周礼), took root in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山), and the "Great Qing Legal Code (大清律例)" was widely used. Since modern times, facing the unprecedented crisis of national subjugation and ethnic extinction, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, together with the people of all ethnic groups across the country, jointly resisted foreign aggression and went to the national crisis together, and the national identity of all ethnic groups reached a new height. The cultures of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang have been marked with the imprint of the unity in diversity of Chinese culture from the beginning. Chinese culture has always been the emotional support, spiritual home, and source of motivation for the cultural development of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang.
The Chinese central government's governance of Xinjiang has undergone more than two thousand years of historical development, adopting different methods in different periods. Xinjiang has always been an indispensable and important part of China's unified multi-ethnic country. Objectively speaking, the ideas and measures of the central governments in governing Xinjiang in the past also had limitations of the times, and the governance of Xinjiang was sometimes strong and sometimes weak, and the accuracy and effectiveness of governance were insufficient. Especially in modern times, under the instigation and support of foreign forces, separatist activities have occurred from time to time. History calls for a bearer who can truly lead the Chinese nation to achieve national independence, people's liberation, and the great rejuvenation mission, and this glorious mission has undoubtedly fallen on the Communist Party of China (中国共产党).
II. The Glorious History of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in Governing Xinjiang
Since its establishment, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) has been keenly concerned about the land of Xinjiang and has always been concerned about the future destiny of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang have gone from liberation and becoming masters of their own affairs to embarking on the socialist road, from reform and opening up and comprehensive well-being to embarking on a new journey of Chinese-style modernization, and together with the people of the whole country, they have ushered in a great leap from standing up, getting rich, to becoming strong. Over the past one hundred years, the Chinese Communists have explored in succession, continuously promoting theoretical innovation, practical innovation, and institutional innovation, and have realized the continuous deepening of the understanding and grasp of the laws of governing Xinjiang.
Active Exploration during the New Democratic Revolution Period. During this period, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to fight heroically and unyieldingly, achieving liberation and becoming masters of their own affairs. In July 1921, the Communist Party (共产党) was born in China, which was a **开天辟地** (kāi tiān pì dì - "splitting heaven and earth," epoch-making) event. Since then, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, like the people of the whole country, have had a backbone. In the early days of its establishment, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) turned its attention to Xinjiang, gave clear importance to the Xinjiang issue, and a group of Communists entered the Xinjiang region to spread Marxism, sow the seeds of revolution, enlighten the people, and awaken their consciousness. During the War of Resistance Against Japan (抗日战争), the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) held high the banner of the anti-Japanese national united front, led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to actively carry out the anti-Japanese donation movement, guaranteed the international aid to China transportation line, built the great rear area of the War of Resistance, and actively participated in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. In August 1938, the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang donated money to purchase 10 fighter planes, named "Xinjiang (新疆) Aircraft," to support the anti-Japanese front. Under the influence and leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), the overall awareness of the Chinese nation among the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang was unprecedentedly enhanced, and a group of advanced elements actively joined the revolutionary torrent. With the decisive victory of the Liberation War (解放战争), the CPC Central Committee (中共中央) made the wise decision to peacefully liberate Xinjiang. The People's Liberation Army (人民解放军) triumphantly entered Xinjiang, breaking the imperialists' and ethnic separatists' delusion of dismembering China and safeguarding the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. This was a major victory for the cause of national reunification and a historic turning point for the unity and progress of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang.
The comprehensive unfolding of the socialist revolution and construction period. During this period, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) in a struggle against nature and a transformation of the world, achieving a historic leap forward into socialist society. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) was founded, and the Chinese people stood up, ushering in a new era in Xinjiang's history. On December 17 of the same year, the Xinjiang Provincial People's Government (新疆省人民政府) was officially established. The Communist Party of China (中国共产党) led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) to consolidate the newly born people's democratic regime, establish a new type of socialist ethnic relations, abolish the feudal land system, cautiously and steadily promote comprehensive social reforms, complete the socialist transformation, establish the socialist system in Xinjiang (新疆), and Xinjiang (新疆) and the whole country marched into socialist society together, achieving the most profound and greatest changes in Xinjiang's history. On October 7, 1954, the Xinjiang Military Region Production and Construction Corps (新疆军区生产建设兵团) of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (中国人民解放军) was established, with 100,000 troops stationed in Xinjiang (新疆) turning swords into ploughshares and reclaiming land to guard the frontier. On October 1, 1955, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区) was proclaimed, which was a milestone event in the history of Xinjiang's development and another great victory for the Communist Party of China's (中国共产党) ethnic policy. In order to change the poor and backward situation as soon as possible, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) relied on their own efforts and worked hard, and the people of the whole country cared about the border areas and gave their full support. Xinjiang's (新疆) industrial system was initially established, agricultural production conditions were significantly changed, and education, science, health, transportation, and water conservancy undertakings were greatly developed, achieving a historic leap from a state of 百废待兴 (bǎi fèi dài xīng - "a hundred wastes waiting to be revived," a state of affairs after a major upheaval where everything needs to be rebuilt) to a thriving state, achieving great achievements in the socialist revolution and construction, and creating a human miracle of "daring to teach the sun and moon to change to a new sky."
The in-depth advancement of the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. During this period, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) with high spirits and determination to forge ahead, striding onto the broad road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In December 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party (党的十一届三中全会) was held, achieving a great turning point of far-reaching significance in the history of the Party since the founding of New China (新中国), and the 1.66 million square kilometers of Xinjiang (新疆) land was surging with the tide of reform and opening up. In December 1981, the central government decided to restore the establishment of the Corps, and the name was changed to "Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (新疆生产建设兵团)". With the start and development of reform, the Party Central Committee emphasized that Xinjiang (新疆) had great potential and that it was necessary to accelerate modernization, promote the common prosperity of all ethnic groups, vigorously support Xinjiang (新疆) in implementing the strategy of converting advantageous resources, promote the strategic shift of the focus of Xinjiang's (新疆) work, comprehensively launch rural and urban reforms, attract foreign investment and link domestic resources to promote opening up, and the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山) were rejuvenated. After the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee of the Party (党的十三届四中全会), the Party Central Committee emphasized that the development and stability of Xinjiang (新疆) was a major event related to the overall situation, and it was necessary to promote the development and prosperity of Xinjiang (新疆) and long-term peace and stability, organize national counterpart support for Xinjiang (新疆), promote Xinjiang (新疆) to establish and improve the socialist market economic system, seize the strategic opportunity of the western development strategy, and create a new situation of comprehensive reform and opening up. After the Sixteenth National Congress of the Party (党的十六大), the Party Central Committee emphasized that it is necessary to unswervingly promote Xinjiang's (新疆) reform and opening up and socialist modernization, unswervingly maintain the overall social stability of Xinjiang (新疆), unswervingly maintain ethnic unity, and make major strategic deployments of "stabilizing Xinjiang (稳疆) and enriching the people and consolidating the border (富民固边)," promoting the good and rapid development of Xinjiang's (新疆) economy and society. In the great process of promoting the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Xinjiang (新疆) has achieved a historic transformation from relatively backward productive forces to significantly enhanced economic strength, from closed and semi-closed to all-round opening up, from insufficient food and clothing for the people to overall well-off and moving towards comprehensive well-off, and has caught up with the times in great strides along with the whole country.
Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The Communist Party of China (中国共产党) has united and led the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) to unite and struggle, uphold justice and innovate, and create new human miracles. In November 2012, the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party (党的十八大) was held, and socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has coordinated the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the major changes unseen in a century in the world, placing Xinjiang's (新疆) work in an important position in the overall work of the Party and the country, and constantly deepening the understanding and grasp of the laws of governing Xinjiang (治疆). In 2014 and 2020, the Second and Third Central Xinjiang Work Symposiums (中央新疆工作座谈会) were held successively. In 2014, 2022 and 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) personally inspected Xinjiang (新疆) three times, clarifying the overall goal of social stability and long-term peace and stability, and establishing the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the new era. Under the guidance of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the new era, Xinjiang (新疆) takes the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, anchors the strategic positioning in the overall national situation, coordinates development and security, and steadily promotes the rule of law in Xinjiang (依法治疆), the stability of Xinjiang (团结稳疆), the cultural enrichment of Xinjiang (文化润疆), the prosperity of the people in Xinjiang (富民兴疆), and the long-term construction of Xinjiang (长期建疆). Unprecedented achievements have been made in economic and social development and improvement of people's livelihood, and the sense of gain, happiness, and security of the people of all ethnic groups has been significantly enhanced, and it is in the best period of development in history. More than 26 million sons and daughters of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) are united and striving forward, confident and open, with roots connected to roots and hearts connected to hearts like poplars, and with hearts connected to hearts like pomegranate seeds, marching forward on the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and striving unremittingly to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
III. The Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the New Era Opens Up a New Situation in Governing Xinjiang (治疆)
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party (党的十八大), the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has drawn on the experience and lessons of the central governments of previous generations in governing Xinjiang (新疆), inherited and developed the valuable experience of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) in governing Xinjiang (治疆), and systematically planned and comprehensively promoted the fundamental, basic, and long-term work related to long-term peace and stability, opening up a new realm and reaching a new height in stabilizing Xinjiang (稳疆) and prospering Xinjiang (兴疆).
The Formation and Development of the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the New Era. Against the background of the great strategic situation of the Chinese nation's great rejuvenation and the major changes unseen in a century in the world intertwined, interacting, and influencing each other, Xinjiang's (新疆) strategic position in the overall national situation has become increasingly prominent. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has placed Xinjiang's (新疆) work in an important position in governing the country and administering state affairs, and has made systematic plans and deployments for Xinjiang's (新疆) work from a strategic and overall perspective, scientifically answering a series of directional, overall, and strategic questions.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) has always paid close attention to Xinjiang's (新疆) work and cares about the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆). Whenever Xinjiang's (新疆) work enters a critical period, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) personally plans, directs, and steers the course. In April 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) inspected Xinjiang (新疆), emphasizing that "the Party Central Committee has always attached great importance to Xinjiang's (新疆) work and has always emphasized that Xinjiang's (新疆) work has a special and important strategic position in the overall work of the Party and the country," "the Party Central Committee's major policies and guidelines for doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆) under the new situation," and "taking social stability and long-term peace and stability as the focus and starting point of work, and comprehensively promoting all aspects of work." In May 2014, the Party Central Committee held the Second Central Xinjiang Work Symposium (中央新疆工作座谈会), once again clarifying the important generalization of "the Party Central Committee's major policies and guidelines for Xinjiang's (新疆) work," and formally establishing social stability and long-term peace and stability as the overall goal of Xinjiang's (新疆) work.
After the Second Central Xinjiang Work Symposium (中央新疆工作座谈会), General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) presided over many important meetings such as the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee (中央政治局常委会会议) and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee (中央政治局会议) to study and deploy Xinjiang's (新疆) work. In September 2020, the Party Central Committee held the Third Central Xinjiang Work Symposium (中央新疆工作座谈会), at which General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) formally proposed and comprehensively and systematically expounded on "the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the New Era," emphasizing the need to adhere to the rule of law in Xinjiang (依法治疆), the stability of Xinjiang (团结稳疆), the cultural enrichment of Xinjiang (文化润疆), the prosperity of the people in Xinjiang (富民兴疆), and the long-term construction of Xinjiang (长期建疆), and strive to build a socialist Xinjiang (新疆) with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
In July 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) once again personally inspected Xinjiang (新疆), pointing out that it is necessary to focus on the overall goal of Xinjiang's (新疆) work and promote the fundamental, basic, and long-term work related to long-term peace and stability. In August 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) came to Xinjiang (新疆) again, specially listened to the work reports of the Autonomous Region and the Corps, and emphasized the need to fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the New Era, firmly grasp Xinjiang's (新疆) strategic positioning in the overall national situation, focus on the overall goal of work, and do a deep, meticulous, and solid job in the rule of law in Xinjiang (依法治疆), the stability of Xinjiang (团结稳疆), the cultural enrichment of Xinjiang (文化润疆), the prosperity of the people in Xinjiang (富民兴疆), and the long-term construction of Xinjiang (长期建疆), seek progress while maintaining stability, exert efforts continuously, and achieve long-term success, and better build a united, harmonious, prosperous, affluent, civilized, progressive, peaceful, and ecologically sound beautiful Xinjiang (新疆) in the process of Chinese-style modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) has also delivered important speeches and important expositions, and made important instructions and approvals on many important occasions, putting forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new requirements for doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆) under the new situation, further enriching and developing the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the New Era.
The Core Connotation of the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the New Era. The Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the New Era is full of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core's profound insight into the situation in Xinjiang (新疆) and its profound thinking on Xinjiang's (新疆) work. It has a rigorous system, strict logic, rich connotation, and profoundness. It constitutes a systematic and complete theoretical system and is the guideline and soul for doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era.
Adhere to examining and planning Xinjiang's (新疆) work from a strategic perspective. Xinjiang's (新疆) work is related to national unity, ethnic unity, and national security, and is related to the overall situation of building a strong country and national rejuvenation. It is necessary to see clearly the development trend of Xinjiang (新疆), see clearly the impact of doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆) on the overall situation of the Party and the country, see clearly the position of Xinjiang's (新疆) work in coordinating the two overall situations at home and abroad, plan long-term strategies, take measures to consolidate the foundation, build a long-term peace, and achieve long-term governance.
Adhere to taking social stability and long-term peace and stability as the overall goal of Xinjiang's (新疆) work. The overall goal is the general program of Xinjiang's (新疆) work, and all work must be planned and promoted around social stability and long-term peace and stability. It is necessary to concentrate efforts to solve the outstanding problems facing the current maintenance of social stability, and to solve the various deep-seated contradictions and problems affecting long-term peace and stability one after another.
Adhere to taking the cohesion of people's hearts as the foundation. If people's hearts cannot be united, everything will be in vain. It is necessary to adhere to the people-centered approach, trust the people of all ethnic groups, rely on the people of all ethnic groups, and serve the people of all ethnic groups. At the same time, it is necessary to educate and guide the people, so that the people of all ethnic groups know how important stability and tranquility are, that a happy life comes from the Party's good policies, and comes from the unity and joint struggle of the people of all ethnic groups, and that the development and progress of Xinjiang (新疆) cannot be separated from the support of the whole Party and the people of the whole country.
Adhere to consolidating the sense of community of the Chinese nation. This is the most basic and long-term issue in doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆). It is necessary to take the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, comprehensively implement the Party's ethnic policies, deepen education on ethnic unity and progress, accelerate the construction of a social structure and community environment in which all ethnic groups are embedded with each other, strengthen exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups, and promote all ethnic groups to embrace each other like pomegranate seeds.
Adhere to the direction of Sinicization of religion in China. The work of Sinicizing religion in China is related to the overall situation of Xinjiang's (新疆) work. It is necessary to comprehensively implement the Party's basic policy on religious work, adhere to protecting the legal, stopping the illegal, curbing extremism, resisting infiltration, and combating crime, guide religious believers to establish a sense of the country, a sense of citizenship, and a sense of the rule of law, and actively guide religion to adapt to socialist society.
Adhere to promoting and cultivating socialist core values. It is necessary to adhere to taking socialist advanced culture as the guide, deeply promote cultural enrichment in Xinjiang (文化润疆), strengthen mass ideological education, and continuously enhance the recognition of the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), and socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Adhere to promoting high-quality development closely related to people's livelihood. The development of Xinjiang (新疆) should be implemented in improving people's livelihood, benefiting the local people, and enhancing unity. It is necessary to adhere to the people-centered development ideology, closely focus on the people of all ethnic groups living and working in peace and contentment to promote economic and social development and improve people's livelihood, and continuously enhance the sense of gain, happiness, and security of the people of all ethnic groups.
Adhere to strengthening the Party's leadership over Xinjiang's (新疆) work. To do a good job in Xinjiang (新疆), it is necessary to adhere to and strengthen the Party's comprehensive leadership, build a high-quality cadre team that is strong in politics, strong in ability, and strong in style, and ensure that the Party Central Committee's orders are unimpeded. It is necessary to take grasping the grassroots level and laying the foundation as the fundamental measure for stabilizing Xinjiang (稳疆) and ensuring peace, and build grassroots Party organizations into strong fighting fortresses that serve the masses, maintain stability, and oppose division.
The Principle Requirements of the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the New Era. The Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the New Era is the fundamental guideline for doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆). It is necessary to deeply grasp and comprehensively promote the rule of law in Xinjiang (依法治疆), the stability of Xinjiang (团结稳疆), the cultural enrichment of Xinjiang (文化润疆), the prosperity of the people in Xinjiang (富民兴疆), and the long-term construction of Xinjiang (长期建疆).
The rule of law in Xinjiang (依法治疆) is to adhere to taking Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on the rule of law as the guide, hold high the banner of the rule of law, promote the spirit of the rule of law, adhere to the principles of the rule of law, implement the requirements of comprehensively governing the country according to law in all fields of Xinjiang's (新疆) work, be good at using the thinking and methods of the rule of law to prevent risks, combat crimes, handle problems, resolve contradictions, promote the legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance, and ensure that all work in Xinjiang (新疆) is always carried out on the track of the rule of law.
The stability of Xinjiang (团结稳疆) is to adhere to taking the cohesion of people's hearts as the foundation, take ethnic unity as the lifeline of the people of all ethnic groups, hold high the banner of the great unity of the Chinese nation, continuously consolidate the sense of community of the Chinese nation, systematically promote the Sinicization of religion in China, and unite the people of all ethnic groups more closely around the Party, and gather the powerful positive energy to build a beautiful Xinjiang (新疆) with enthusiasm.
The cultural enrichment of Xinjiang (文化润疆) is to adhere to taking the enhancement of recognition as the goal, take socialist core values as the guide, develop socialist advanced culture, promote revolutionary culture, inherit Chinese excellent traditional culture, build a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation, educate and guide the people of all ethnic groups to consolidate the Chinese heart and the Chinese soul, fundamentally solve the problem of political recognition and popular support, and consolidate the ideological foundation for social stability and long-term peace and stability.
The prosperity of the people in Xinjiang (富民兴疆) is to adhere to fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, anchor Xinjiang's (新疆) strategic positioning in building a strong socialist modern country, give full play to Xinjiang's (新疆) location, resources, and policy advantages, actively serve and integrate into the new development pattern, expand high-level opening up to the outside world, promote high-quality development closely related to people's livelihood, and promote development results to benefit people's livelihood and unite people's hearts.
The long-term construction of Xinjiang (长期建疆) is to adhere to and strengthen the Party's comprehensive leadership, deeply promote the new great project of Party building in the new era, build a high-quality cadre team in accordance with the standards of good cadres in the new era, maintain strategic determination, adhere to planning before acting, seek progress while maintaining stability, exert efforts continuously, and achieve long-term success in doing work, focus on solving deep-seated contradictions and problems, and lay a solid foundation for achieving the overall goal of Xinjiang's (新疆) work.
The Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the New Era has both theoretical innovation and breakthroughs, as well as deployments and requirements in the work layout. It is the concentrated embodiment of Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era on Xinjiang's (新疆) work. It is a summary, refinement, and innovative development of the successful experience of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) in leading the people to govern, stabilize, and prosper Xinjiang (治疆稳疆兴疆). It is the broad road that guides Xinjiang's (新疆) work to move steadily and far, marking that the Communist Party of China's (中国共产党) understanding of the laws of border governance has reached a new height, and it has milestone significance in the history of the Party's Xinjiang (新疆) work and in the history of Xinjiang's (新疆) development.
Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and with the strong support of the people of the whole country, more than 26 million cadres and people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the Party's Strategy for Governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the New Era, bear in mind the entrustment, be grateful and forge ahead, know the importance and bear the burden, work hard and diligently, and strive to turn the grand blueprint drawn by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core for Xinjiang (新疆) into reality.
IV. The Foundation for Social Stability and Long-Term Peace and Stability is More Solid
Social stability and long-term peace and stability in Xinjiang (新疆) are related to the overall situation of reform, development, and stability in the country. Xinjiang (新疆) coordinates development and security, puts the maintenance of social stability in the first place, deeply promotes the legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance, effectively prevents and resolves risks in various fields and interference and sabotage by external forces, and the overall social situation has achieved a historic transformation from chaos to stability and from stability to governance.
The fight against separatism has achieved remarkable results. Separatism endangers national unity and undermines ethnic solidarity, and is a breeding ground for terrorism and extremism in Xinjiang. In the past, ethnic separatist forces, religious extremist forces, and violent terrorist forces in Xinjiang carried out destructive activities, which brought great harm to social stability in Xinjiang and caused great pain to people of all ethnic groups. The Chinese government opposes all forms of separatism, terrorism, and extremism, and severely cracks down on any acts that split the country, endanger public safety, or violate citizens' human rights in accordance with the law. Xinjiang resolutely safeguards national unity, severely cracks down on illegal and criminal acts that organize, plan, and implement the division of the country and undermine national unity, incite the division of the country and undermine national unity, resolutely resists the infiltration and spread of "pan-Turkism" and "pan-Islamism" ideologies, and strives to eliminate the soil and conditions for the breeding and spread of terrorism and extremism from the source. After unremitting efforts, Xinjiang's fight against separatism has achieved important phased results. No violent terrorist incidents have occurred for many years in a row, which has effectively maintained social stability and ethnic unity in Xinjiang.
The legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance have been steadily advanced. Promoting the legalization and normalization of counter-terrorism and stability maintenance is an important way to maintain sustained and long-term social stability in Xinjiang and achieve lasting peace and stability. Xinjiang holds high the banner of socialist rule of law, promotes the spirit of the rule of law, implements the requirements of comprehensively governing the country according to law in all fields of work, and deeply promotes counter-terrorism and stability maintenance work in accordance with the "Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Counter-Terrorism Law of the People's Republic of China" to ensure that this work always operates in a standardized, normal, and efficient manner on the track of the rule of law. Improve the long-term mechanism for severely cracking down on violent terrorist struggles, make full use of the thinking and methods of the rule of law to carry out struggles and maintain stability, and always crack down in accordance with the law, accurately crack down, and timely crack down. Build a legalized and normalized work system for counter-terrorism and stability maintenance, build an overall prevention and control system for social security, and transform counter-terrorism and stability maintenance work from end-end governance to source governance, and transform working methods from a state of combat readiness and emergency response to standardized, refined, and normal. Optimize counter-terrorism and stability maintenance policies, strategies, methods, and methods, which can not only prevent a very small number of violent terrorists, but also facilitate the vast majority of the masses, ensure the normal work, study, and life order of the masses, and achieve a fundamental change that is more conducive to long-term peace and stability. Since the new era, Xinjiang's counter-terrorism and stability maintenance work has achieved great achievements, reversing the situation in which violent terrorist activities occurred frequently in the past.
Counter-sanctions and counter-interference are implemented precisely. In recent years, some Western countries, led by the United States, have used so-called Xinjiang-related lies and fallacies such as "genocide" and "forced labor" to sanction Xinjiang-related enterprises and individuals and interfere in China's internal affairs. Its essence is to engage in political manipulation and economic bullying under the guise of "human rights." Counter-sanctions and counter-interference are a necessary move to deal with the "using Xinjiang to contain China" plot of anti-China forces in some Western countries such as the United States, and it is also a solemn move to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests. China has promulgated laws, regulations, and departmental rules such as the "Foreign Relations Law of the People's Republic of China," the "Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China," the "Regulations on the Implementation of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China," and the "Provisions on the Unreliable Entity List" to implement countermeasures against the unreasonable Xinjiang-related sanctions imposed by a very small number of countries. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the Autonomous Region has issued relevant resolutions opposing the so-called "Xinjiang-related sanctions series law" of the United States and supporting the development of sanctioned enterprises and related industries, resolutely countering the United States' abuse of unilateral sanctions. Actively provide services to sanctioned enterprises, support enterprises in safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law, support the development of related industries, and create employment opportunities for employees of all ethnic groups in sanctioned enterprises.
The effectiveness of social governance has been significantly improved. Good social governance is the prerequisite and guarantee for social harmony and stability and people's well-being. Xinjiang adheres to and develops the "Fengqiao Experience" in the new era, improves the urban and rural grassroots governance system that combines autonomy, the rule of law, and moral governance under the leadership of party organizations, strengthens the leadership of grassroots party building, improves the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance, and sharing, and constantly consolidates the grassroots foundation. Carry out risk assessment, prevention and coordination, and resolution and disposal on a regular basis to effectively prevent and resolve various risks and hidden dangers. Focus on illegal and criminal activities that the people strongly reflect, severely crack down on serious violent crimes, severely crack down on frequently occurring illegal and criminal activities in the fields of pornography, gambling, drugs, food, medicine, environment, theft, robbery, fraud, and telecommunications network fraud, and promote the fight against organized crime and evil on a regular basis. Promote the diversified resolution of contradictions and disputes, strengthen the legalization of petition work, vigorously promote the standardized construction of comprehensive management centers focusing on the county level, and create a number of contradiction and dispute resolution positions such as the "horseback mediation room" and the "gaiwan tea mediation room" to solve problems at the grassroots level and resolve them in the bud. In 2024, the success rate of mediation of people's mediation cases in Xinjiang was 98.52%. Xinjiang continues to maintain social stability, fully protects the people's peace, and the construction of a safe Xinjiang has achieved remarkable results, and the people of all ethnic groups have significantly improved their sense of gain, happiness, and security.
V. The Construction of the Chinese National Community is Deeply Advanced
Consolidating the sense of community of the Chinese nation is the main line of the Party's work on ethnic affairs in the new era, and it is also the main line of all work in ethnic areas. Xinjiang is making solid progress in building a Chinese national community, doing a good job in ethnic work in the direction of enhancing commonality, and educating and guiding people of all ethnic groups to firmly establish the concept of a community with a shared future, a shared honor and disgrace, a shared life and death, and a shared destiny, and jointly build a great motherland and create a better life.
The common spiritual home of the Chinese nation is accelerating its construction. Xinjiang continues to enhance the appeal and cohesion of mainstream ideology and public opinion and Chinese culture, and continues to consolidate the common ideological and political foundation for the unity and struggle of all ethnic groups. Adhere to socialist core values as the guide, strengthen the publicity and education of party history, the history of new China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development, and the history of the development of the Chinese nation, widely carry out mass-themed publicity and education activities such as "Consolidating the Community and Sharing the Chinese Dream," and use common ideals and beliefs to unite people's hearts and cast their souls. Deeply implement the red gene inheritance project, build 471 patriotic education bases of various levels and types, vigorously promote the Populus euphratica spirit and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (兵团) spirit, and continuously cultivate the patriotic feelings of cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups. Study and explore the excellent genes and contemporary values of traditional Chinese culture, create a number of Chinese cultural symbols and Chinese national image demonstration sites shared by all ethnic groups, carry out learning and experience activities of outstanding traditional Chinese culture on a regular basis, and promote the prosperity and development of advanced socialist culture, and the Chinese cultural identity of the masses of all ethnic groups is constantly enhanced. Strengthen the cultivation of modern civilization, rely on the new era civilization practice centers (stations), deeply promote the "Civilized New Style Enters Thousands of Homes" action, continue to deepen popular science education and legal publicity and education, and actively guide people of all ethnic groups to integrate into modern civilized life. Comprehensively promote the popularization of the national common language and writing, the education and teaching of the national common language and writing in schools is continuously strengthened, and the awareness and ability of the whole society to use the national common language and writing is significantly improved, so as to promote the connection of hearts and the connection of destinies through language communication.
Exchanges, interactions, and integration among ethnic groups are becoming closer. Coordinate the layout planning of urban and rural construction and the allocation of public service resources, gradually promote the all-round embedding of people of all ethnic groups in terms of space, culture, economy, society, and psychology, and promote all ethnic groups to hug each other tightly like pomegranate seeds. Accelerate the construction of new urbanization with people as the core, promote the rational layout of urban agglomerations, large, medium, and small cities and towns, actively build an embedded social structure and community environment, promote production with cities, prosper cities with production, and gather people with industries, creating social conditions for people of all ethnic groups to live, learn, build, share, work, and enjoy together. Deeply implement the "Foundation Building" project for young people, deepen and expand the "Patriotism for the Motherland and China" Xinjiang youth patriotic research and study activities, in 2024, 86,000 primary and secondary school students went to other provinces and cities for research and exchange, widely carry out "hand-in-hand" activities between schools in Xinjiang aid provinces and cities, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (兵地), and northern and southern Xinjiang, comprehensively promote mixed classes and mixed accommodation for students of all ethnic groups, and it has become normal for students of all ethnic groups to study together, live together, and grow together. Adhere to cultural tourism and promote integration through tourism, integrate the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation into the entire process of high-quality development of Xinjiang's tourism industry, and tourism has become an important carrier for promoting exchanges, interactions, and integration among ethnic groups. Deeply carry out activities such as "Ethnic Unity as One Family," and cadres and the masses of all ethnic groups deepen understanding and enhance feelings in interactions.
The cause of ethnic unity and progress is consolidated and developed. Xinjiang focuses on promoting the common unity and struggle and common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups, implements the action of consolidating the border, revitalizing the border, and enriching the people, and steadily promotes the common prosperity of all ethnic groups. Continue to deepen the creation of ethnic unity and progress, incorporate this work into local legislation and the overall plan for economic and social development, promulgate and implement the regulations on the creation of a model area for ethnic unity and progress and the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the creation of a model area for ethnic unity and progress, continue to carry out commendations for ethnic unity and progress, and the socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony among all ethnic groups are constantly consolidated and developed. As of 2024, Xinjiang has a total of 101 national ethnic unity and progress demonstration areas and demonstration units, 14 national ethnic unity and progress education bases, and has selected 1,555 (times) model collectives and 2,690 (times) model individuals at or above the autonomous region level for ethnic unity and progress. A number of models of ethnic unity and progress have emerged, such as "People's Guard" Bayika Kailidibieke and "People's Role Model" Burumahan Maulerdo.
The Sinicization of religion in China is steadily advancing. Xinjiang has always been a region where multiple religions coexist, and currently mainly has Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity. Xinjiang fully and accurately implements the Party's policy of freedom of religious belief, respects the religious beliefs of the masses, manages religious affairs in accordance with the law, adheres to the principle of independence and self-reliance, and actively guides religion to adapt to socialist society. Adhere to the direction of Sinicization of religion in China, strengthen ideological and political guidance for the religious community, carry out activities in religious venues to promote the national flag, the Constitution and laws and regulations, socialist core values, and outstanding traditional Chinese culture, and enhance the "five recognitions" of religious figures and religious believers. Support the religious community in strengthening the construction of theological thought, making interpretations of religious doctrines and rules that meet the requirements of the development and progress of the times and meet the outstanding traditional Chinese culture, and enhance the sense of Chinese cultural identity. Strengthen the construction of the ranks of religious figures, formulate a training plan, and focus on cultivating a group of "dual-proficient" talents who are proficient in classical doctrines and proficient in outstanding traditional Chinese culture to promote the healthy inheritance of religion. Strengthen the governance of religious affairs in accordance with the law, support the religious community in deeply carrying out de-extremization, and consciously resist and prevent the infiltration of religious extremist ideology. Guide and support the religious community to comprehensively and strictly govern religion, strengthen self-education, self-management, and self-restraint, and demonstrate and lead religious believers to contribute to the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
VI. The Construction of Democracy and the Rule of Law is Continuously Deepened
Whole-process people's democracy is the essential attribute of socialist democratic politics, and it is the most extensive, most genuine, and most effective democracy. Xinjiang thoroughly implements the major concept of whole-process people's democracy, organically unifies the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, ensures the implementation of the system of people's congresses, the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the system of ethnic regional autonomy, and the system of grassroots mass autonomy, and new steps have been taken in the construction of democracy and the rule of law.
Remarkable achievements have been made in whole-process people's democracy. Xinjiang connects all links of democratic elections, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision, and constantly improves the institutional system of whole-process people's democracy. The system of people's congresses is an important institutional carrier for realizing whole-process people's democracy. As of 2024, Xinjiang has a total of 74,412 deputies to people's congresses at all levels, of which grassroots deputies account for 78.69% and deputies of ethnic minorities account for 69.21%, reflecting the equal status of all strata and ethnic groups in the country's political life. Consultative democracy is an important form of practicing whole-process people's democracy. As of 2024, Xinjiang has a total of 16,121 members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) at all levels, of which non-Party members account for 49.06% and members of ethnic minorities account for 46.13%, reflecting the broad representativeness in organization and the great inclusiveness in politics. Grassroots democracy is an important manifestation of whole-process people's democracy. 100% of villages (communities) in Xinjiang have established a system of mass autonomy, and more than 85% of the decision-making matters of grassroots autonomous organizations come from the suggestions of the masses, demonstrating the authenticity, extensiveness, and effectiveness of grassroots democracy. The united front is a powerful force for promoting whole-process people's democracy. Xinjiang coordinates the work of democratic parties and people without party affiliation, non-Party intellectuals, and people in the non-public sector of the economy to broadly build consensus. Democratic supervision is a key link in whole-process people's democracy. The people's congresses and their standing committees at all levels in Xinjiang strengthen supervision over the performance of statutory duties by the "one government, one commission, and two courts," and the CPPCC at all levels conducts consultative supervision by putting forward opinions, criticisms, and suggestions to ensure that the legitimate rights and interests of people of all ethnic groups are maintained and realized.
The advantages of the system of ethnic regional autonomy are further demonstrated. Xinjiang adheres to the combination of unity and autonomy, the combination of ethnic factors and regional factors, and fully guarantees that all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are jointly masters of the country and participate in the management of state affairs. The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is an autonomous region with three levels of autonomous regions (prefectures and counties), and currently has 5 autonomous prefectures and 6 autonomous counties, and enjoys extensive autonomy in accordance with the law. In the standing committees of the people's congresses of each autonomous region, there are citizens of the ethnic group exercising regional autonomy who serve as chairman or vice chairman; the chairman, governor, and county head of each autonomous region are all served by citizens of the ethnic group exercising regional autonomy. People of all ethnic groups enjoy equal legal status, enjoy the right to elect and be elected conferred by the Constitution and laws, and also enjoy the right to participate in the management of state affairs, freedom of religious belief, receive education, use and develop their own ethnic language and writing, and inherit and protect the outstanding traditional culture of their own ethnic group. Xinjiang respects and guarantees the learning and use of minority languages and writing, scientifically protects the languages and writing of all ethnic groups, and advocates that all ethnic groups learn each other's languages and writing.
Major progress has been made in the construction of the rule of law. Implementing the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee on comprehensively governing the country according to law, Xinjiang actively promotes the integrated construction of a rule-of-law Xinjiang, a rule-of-law government, and a rule-of-law society. Putting respect for and protection of human rights throughout all links of legislation, law enforcement, justice, and law-abiding, and striving to make the people feel fairness and justice in every legal system, every law enforcement decision, and every judicial case. Exercising the power of local legislation in accordance with the law, as of the end of 2024, the People's Congress and its Standing Committee of the Autonomous Region have formulated and revised local regulations, regulatory resolutions and decisions, and resolutions and decisions on major matters of the Autonomous Region, and approved a total of 874 local regulations and separate regulations, of which 175 local regulations are currently in effect, and 56 regulatory resolutions and decisions and resolutions and decisions on major matters, laying a solid legal foundation for maintaining social stability and long-term peace and stability. Actively promote democratic legislation, establish 2 national-level grassroots legislative liaison points, 23 autonomous region-level points, and 112 prefecture-level cities, and widely listen to the opinions and suggestions of grassroots people on legislative work. Deeply promote the construction of a rule-of-law government, and administrative law enforcement departments at all levels have cumulatively publicized more than 500,000 pieces of law enforcement information and carried out more than 2,100 law enforcement supervision and inspection activities. Continuously strengthen the construction of the grassroots rule-of-law system, establish judicial offices in townships (streets), establish people's mediation committees in villages (communities), give full play to the role of legal advisers and legal experts, and establish a public legal service system covering urban and rural areas. The construction of the rule of law for foreign-related affairs has reached a new level. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the Autonomous Region has revised the border management regulations and promulgated regulations such as the "Regulations on the China (Xinjiang) Free Trade Pilot Zone" to escort the construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt.
The level of human rights protection has been continuously improved. Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle of China. Promoting the comprehensive development of human rights is the unremitting pursuit of all the people of China, including the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, adheres to taking respect and protection of human rights as an important part of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era, and takes effective measures to earnestly protect the basic rights of people of all ethnic groups. Xinjiang always adheres to the people-centered human rights concept, takes enhancing the well-being of people of all ethnic groups as the starting point and end result of all work, safeguards social harmony and stability in accordance with the law, accelerates the promotion of high-quality development, continuously guarantees and improves people's livelihoods, constantly consolidates and develops ethnic unity, protects freedom of religious belief in accordance with the law, and attaches importance to protecting and inheriting the excellent traditional cultures of all ethnic groups. The rights to subsistence and development of people of all ethnic groups are effectively guaranteed, and the political, economic, social, cultural, environmental and other rights of people of all ethnic groups are fully realized. At present, the socialist system with Chinese characteristics provides a strong institutional guarantee for the development and progress of human rights in Xinjiang, the high-quality economic and social development has laid a solid material foundation for the development and progress of human rights in Xinjiang, and the continuous and stable social environment has created favorable development conditions for the development and progress of human rights in Xinjiang. The development of human rights in Xinjiang has achieved unprecedented achievements.
VII. High-Quality Development and High-Level Opening-up Advance Synergistically
To promote Chinese-style modernization and achieve common prosperity, no ethnic group can be left behind. Xinjiang fully and accurately implements the new development concept, actively serves and integrates into the new development pattern, further comprehensively deepens reform and expands high-level opening-up. The foundation of economic and social development is more solid, the momentum of progress is significantly enhanced, and the quality and efficiency of innovation are greatly improved. Xinjiang's practice of Chinese-style modernization has taken solid steps.
The economy has continued to develop in a healthy and rapid manner. Xinjiang is anchored in the strategic positioning in the overall national situation, always grasps the inherent unity of innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing, and strives to promote high-quality development. The comprehensive economic strength has been significantly enhanced, and many indicators have achieved historic leaps. The regional GDP increased from 749.947 billion yuan in 2012 to 2053.408 billion yuan in 2024, exceeding the 2 trillion yuan mark for the first time, with an average annual growth rate of 7.0% calculated at constant prices; the per capita regional GDP increased from 33,495 yuan in 2012 to 78,660 yuan in 2024, an increase of 1.3 times at current prices. General public budget revenue increased from 90.897 billion yuan in 2012 to 240.969 billion yuan in 2024, with an average annual increase of more than 10 billion yuan. The industrial structure has been continuously optimized, and the structure of the three industries has been optimized from 16.1:44.3:39.6 in 2012 to 12.5:39.6:47.9 in 2024. The region promotes complementary advantages and coordinated development of Urumqi-Changji (乌克昌), northern Xinjiang, eastern Xinjiang, and southern Xinjiang, accelerates the pace of new urbanization, and builds a regional economic and spatial layout for high-quality development. The urbanization rate of Xinjiang's permanent residents increased from 44.22% in 2012 to 60.36% in 2024, an increase of 16.14 percentage points.
Infrastructure construction has been comprehensively strengthened. Xinjiang focuses on optimizing the layout, structure, function and system integration of infrastructure, and comprehensively plans the construction of "ten networks" including railways, highways, aviation, electricity, natural gas, commercial logistics, and computing power. The "main artery" of the transportation network is more smooth. The railway operating mileage increased from 4,914 kilometers in 2012 to 9,202 kilometers in 2024, reaching all prefectures and cities and covering more than 80% of county-level administrative regions; the highway mileage increased from 165,900 kilometers in 2012 to 230,000 kilometers in 2024, and all prefectures and cities and more than 90% of counties (cities, districts) have entered the "highway era"; there are 595 civil aviation routes, and 25 international passenger routes reach 17 countries and regions. The route pattern of "forming a fan in the east and west and forming a network in Xinjiang" has been formed. The first, second, and third channels of "Xinjiang electricity transmission" provide stable power supply, the length of 750 kV lines exceeds 12,000 kilometers, and the external power transmission volume has exceeded 100 billion kWh for five consecutive years, "lighting up" 22 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country. The "information highway" is spreading and extending on the land of Xinjiang. The length of optical cable lines reaches 1.784 million kilometers, realizing gigabit access to counties, 5G access to townships, and broadband access to villages.
The cluster effect of the modern industrial system is fully demonstrated. Xinjiang focuses on what the country needs and what it can do, based on its resource endowment and industrial foundation, and accelerates the construction of a modern industrial system with distinctive advantages. The national high-quality agricultural and livestock product supply base is accelerating its formation. In 2024, the grain yield per mu reached 1049.7 jin, ranking first in the country. The total grain output increased from 30.35 billion jin in 2012 to 46.6 billion jin in 2024, an increase of 53.6%; the total cotton output was 5.686 million tons, accounting for 92.3% of the country, ranking first in the country for 32 consecutive years, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of cultivation, planting and harvesting reached 97%. The national strategic guarantee base for energy resources is accelerating its construction. In 2024, the oil and gas production equivalent reached 66.64 million tons, and the raw coal production reached 543 million tons. In 2024, the installed power generation capacity reached 192.7 million kilowatts, of which the installed capacity of new energy exceeded 100 million kilowatts, and the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi (乌昌石) photovoltaic cluster was selected as a national advanced manufacturing cluster. Develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, establish a 10 billion yuan talent development fund, promote the integrated reform and development of education, science, technology and talent, the Huairou Laboratory Xinjiang base has been put into operation, the National Wind Power Technology Innovation Center has been unveiled, the Tarim Oilfield's 10,000-meter ultra-deep drilling has broken the Asian record, "Xinjiang computing into Chongqing" has been included in the national computing and electricity coordination task pilot, and the first intelligent computing center in Xinjiang has been built and put into use. The leading and driving role of the Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone has been continuously enhanced, and the development quality of 5 national high-tech industrial development zones has been significantly improved. The efforts to cultivate high-quality enterprises have been continuously increased. As of the end of 2024, Xinjiang has cultivated 11 manufacturing single champion enterprises, 52 specialized and new "little giant" enterprises, and 2,742 high-tech enterprises.
The green and low-carbon development background is more sufficient. Xinjiang firmly establishes the concept that green mountains and clear waters are invaluable assets, adheres to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands, and strives to improve the ability and level of ecological security guarantee. The effectiveness of atmospheric environmental governance has been demonstrated. In 2024, the proportion of days with excellent and good air quality in Xinjiang's prefecture-level and above cities was 78.1%. Scientifically utilize water resources, improve water use efficiency, and strengthen water environment management. In 2024, the proportion of surface water in Xinjiang that reached or was better than Class III water quality was 95.9%. The implementation of the Tarim River Basin ecological water conveyance project has significantly raised the groundwater level on both sides of the lower reaches, promoting the coordinated development of economy, society, population, resources and environment in the basin. Scientifically carry out land greening actions, continue to promote the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Project, and the forest coverage rate increased from 4.24% in 2012 to 5.07% in 2024; in the past 30 years, the oasis area has increased by 56.6%. Continue to fight the battle to block the edge of the Taklimakan Desert, and successfully "close" the world's longest desert ecological barrier of 3,046 kilometers, creating a new miracle in sand prevention and control. Accelerate the promotion of green transformation, actively promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of regional GDP continue to decline.
The construction of the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt is accelerating. Xinjiang consciously integrates the regional opening-up strategy into the overall national westward opening-up layout, and takes the construction of "one port, two zones, five major centers, and a port economic belt" as the starting point to build a golden passage to Asia and Europe and a bridgehead for westward opening-up. The major channel for opening up to the outside world is accelerating its construction. There are 19 ports open to the outside world, and the Khunjerab Port (红其拉甫口岸) has achieved year-round opening; a total of 119 bilateral international road transport routes and 10 multilateral international road freight routes have been opened; in 2024, 16,400 China-Europe (Asia) trains passed through, maintaining more than 10,000 trains for five consecutive years. The number of economic and trade partners has continued to expand, from only a few trading partners in the 1950s to economic and trade cooperation with 196 countries and regions in 2012, and economic and trade exchanges have been achieved with 211 countries and regions around the world in 2024. The scale of trade has continued to increase, and the total import and export volume has increased from 158.96 billion yuan in 2012 to 434.16 billion yuan in 2024, crossing the 200 billion yuan, 300 billion yuan, and 400 billion yuan marks in 2022, 2023, and 2024 respectively. The platform for opening up to the outside world is more sound. The China (Xinjiang) Free Trade Pilot Zone was approved for establishment in October 2023. In 2024, more than 9,000 new enterprises were added, and the total import and export volume accounted for more than 30% of the entire region; the construction of Tacheng Key Development and Opening-up Pilot Zone, Khorgos Economic Development Zone, and Kashgar Economic Development Zone is accelerating.
VIII. Significant Achievements in Cultural Development
Culture nourishes people's minds and cultivates people's sentiments. Xinjiang deeply studies and practices Xi Jinping's thought on culture, strengthens cultural confidence, deeply promotes cultural enrichment of Xinjiang, develops and prospers Chinese culture, including the cultures of all ethnic groups, with a more active attitude and more effective measures, continuously promotes the systematic protection of cultural heritage, constantly stimulates cultural innovation and creativity, promotes the prosperity and development of socialist culture, and better meets the new expectations of people of all ethnic groups for spiritual and cultural life.
Cultural heritage has been effectively protected. Xinjiang adheres to the principles of protection first, rational utilization and minimal intervention, and comprehensively improves the level of cultural heritage protection and inheritance. Research and compile Xinjiang's cultural heritage protection plan, and successively promulgate local regulations such as the Kashgar Ancient City Protection Regulations and the Manas Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Regulations, and continuously consolidate the legal guarantee for cultural heritage protection. As of 2024, Xinjiang has a total of 195 cultural relics protection institutions at all levels, 150 registered museums, and 9,545 verified and registered immovable cultural relics, including 6 world cultural heritage sites, 133 national key cultural relics protection units, and 779 autonomous region-level cultural relics protection units; there are 3 UNESCO intangible cultural heritage projects, and 141 and 567 projects have been selected into the national and autonomous region-level representative lists of intangible cultural heritage, respectively. Coordinate the relationship between cultural heritage protection and urban and rural construction and development, and effectively protect, rationally utilize, and scientifically manage historical and cultural cities, towns, villages, traditional villages, and historical and cultural blocks. Orderly promote the protection and display of key sites and monuments of the effective governance of Xinjiang by the central government, strengthen the protection and utilization of the Site Group of the Western Regions Protectorate, the Ulap Ancient City, the Beiting Ancient City Site, and the Yili General's Mansion, and build the Beiting Ancient City National Archaeological Site Park, the Western Regions Protectorate Museum, and the Silk Road·Great Wall Culture Museum. Xinjiang archaeology has been included in the "Archaeology China" major project, and projects such as the protection and utilization of religious sites around the Tarim Basin have been implemented. The Kizil Grottoes Museum and the Kuqa (龟兹) Wei and Jin Site Museum have been built. The protection projects of cultural relics such as the Kizil Grottoes, the Subash Buddhist Temple Site, the Loulan Ancient City Site, and the Xipang Nestorian Temple Site have been organized and promoted. Tongtiandong Site, Keyake Kuduk Beacon Tower Site, and Mor Temple Site have been successively selected as the annual top ten new archaeological discoveries in the country.
Cultural and artistic creation is flourishing. Xinjiang regards the creation and production of excellent works as the central link of literary and artistic work, improves the service, guidance, and organization mechanism of literary and artistic creation and production, and forms a good situation in which literary and artistic masterpieces continue to emerge. In terms of literary creation, the Tianshan Literature Award has been established, and a number of works on Xinjiang themes have been well-known throughout the country. "Benba" won the Mao Dun Literature Award, "Distant Sunflower Land" and "West Great Wall" won the Lu Xun Literature Award, and "Flowers Are Always So Red" won the National Ethnic Minority Literature Creation Horse Award. In terms of song, dance and drama creation, songs such as "The Shepherd of Keketuohai" and "Apple Fragrance" have made Xinjiang melodies spread all over the country. Dance dramas such as "Five Stars Out of the East" and "Zhang Qian" use art to write national spirit and reflect historical roots. Dances such as "Maigaiti Under the Sun" and "Grandpa's Samovar" have successively won the "Lotus Award" gold medal, the highest award in Chinese dance. The performer of Qinqiang Opera "Burning Incense" won the Chinese Drama Plum Blossom Award. In terms of film and television creation, Xinjiang-themed films such as "The Distant Pastoral Song" have won the "Five One Project" award for seven consecutive sessions, the children's film "Little Horsewhip" won the China Film Huabiao Award, the TV series "My Altay" became popular on the screen and was broadcast in many countries, and the documentary film "Clouds on the Ground" triggered a warm response. The performance of the Kashgar sub-venue of the 2024 CCTV Spring Festival Gala was wonderful and amazed the world.
The public cultural service system is becoming increasingly完善 (wán shàn - "perfect," complete and well-established). Xinjiang actively promotes the standardization and equalization of public cultural services, promotes high-quality cultural resources directly to the grassroots, fully guarantees the people's cultural rights, and effectively improves the quality of people's lives. As of the end of 2024, 111 public libraries, 118 cultural centers, 1,126 comprehensive cultural facilities in townships (streets), and 11,783 comprehensive cultural centers at the village level have been built, with a building area of 695.86 square meters of mass cultural facilities per 10,000 people; a total of 88,800 sports venues have been built, and a five-level public cultural service network at the district, prefecture, county, township and village levels has been fully constructed. Adhering to cultural benefits for the people, we will continue to promote the "village-to-village" and "household-to-household" projects for radio and television, with comprehensive population coverage rates of 99.26% and 99.37% for radio and television, respectively, so that people of all ethnic groups can share rich cultural achievements at their doorsteps. From 2012 to 2024, a total of 1.368 million rural public welfare films were screened, and screenings were held at nearly 9,000 screening points in rural areas and communities every year, achieving full coverage of screenings in administrative villages. The China Xinjiang Folk Art Season and the Xinjiang National Reading Conference were held, and mass "village evenings" covering all villages and communities were carried out. Pomegranate seed literary and artistic teams were formed to let literature and art often go to the countryside, often be in the countryside, and often benefit the countryside.
The cultural tourism industry is accelerating its development. Xinjiang adheres to the principle of enriching tourism with culture and promoting culture with tourism, promotes the deep integration of culture and tourism development, and allows tourists to appreciate the beauty of nature, feel the beauty of culture, and cultivate the beauty of the soul. The autonomous region's cultural and tourism industry cluster development plan was issued, and special funds for industrial development were established to focus on building a trillion-yuan-level cultural and tourism industry cluster. We will continue to promote the development of sports tourism, sports training, sports events and other industries, and hold the China Taklimakan Rally (International), the China Xinjiang Sayram Lake Highway Cycling Race, and the World Freeride Tour. The aggregation effect of the cultural tourism and sports industry is gradually emerging. Concentrated efforts have been made to create tourism brands such as ice and snow tourism. As of the end of 2024, Xinjiang has 72 ski resorts and 5 national-level ski tourism resorts. Ice and snow tourism has entered the "first echelon" in the country. Self-driving tours and special tours are highly sought after. The G219 line (Xinjiang section), Xinjiang 101 Provincial Highway, Duku Highway, Ahe Highway, and the Ring Bosten Lake Highway have become "internet celebrity highways", and the types of tourism products continue to be enriched. The number of tourists received increased from 48.6 million in 2012 to 302 million in 2024, an increase of 5.21 times, and the total tourist spending in 2024 was 359.542 billion yuan.
IX. People's Well-being Continues to Increase
People's happy life is the greatest human right, and making the people live a good life is the starting point and end result of promoting Xinjiang's development. Xinjiang adheres to the people-centered approach, implements development to improve people's livelihoods, benefit the local area, and enhance unity, and wholeheartedly solves the most concerning, most direct, and most realistic interests of people of all ethnic groups. More than 70% of the general public financial budget expenditure is used to guarantee and improve people's livelihoods every year, so that the fruits of development can more fairly benefit people of all ethnic groups.
The comprehensive victory has been achieved in the battle against poverty. Xinjiang (新疆) was once one of the regions with the largest poverty-stricken area and the deepest poverty level in the country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xinjiang (新疆) has regarded poverty alleviation as the primary project for people's livelihood, deploying all available forces and implementing precise policies. After continuous hard work, it has conquered the poverty fortress. By the end of 2020, all 3.0649 million rural impoverished people in Xinjiang (新疆) had been lifted out of poverty, all 3,666 impoverished villages had been removed from the list, and all 35 impoverished counties had been delisted. The problem of absolute poverty that had plagued Xinjiang (新疆) for thousands of years has been historically resolved, and Xinjiang (新疆) has joined the rest of the country in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The infrastructure conditions in poverty-stricken areas have been historically improved, with 100% of all townships and qualified administrative villages having access to paved roads, passenger buses, and power, completely ending the history of rural impoverished people living in dilapidated houses and completely bidding farewell to the history of drinking bitter and salty water. 2021 was the first year after the complete victory in the battle against poverty. The per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas reached 14,477 yuan, an increase of 1.8 times compared to 5,090 yuan in 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 12.3%. The number of household cars, washing machines, refrigerators, and computers per 100 households increased by 14.6, 51.6, 49.5, and 5.1 respectively compared to 2012, and the quality of life has been continuously upgraded. After winning the battle against poverty, Xinjiang (新疆) has embarked on a new journey, consolidating and expanding the achievements in poverty alleviation, promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, and making the lives of people of all ethnic groups more and more fulfilling and promising.
Employment is continuously improving. Xinjiang (新疆) adheres to the strategy of giving priority to employment and makes every effort to promote high-quality and full employment. The scale of employment has continued to expand, with the total number of employed people increasing from 12.46 million in 2012 to 13.91 million in 2024, an increase of 11.64%. The employment structure is becoming more reasonable. In 2024, the proportion of employed people in the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries was 31.34%, 14.45%, and 54.21% respectively. In 2024, the number of urban employed people was 8.18 million, accounting for 58.8%, and the ability of cities and towns to absorb employment has continued to increase. Income has steadily increased. In 2024, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 42,820 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 19,427 yuan, an increase of 23,801 yuan and 12,551 yuan respectively compared to 2012. Labor and employment create a better life. Xinjiang (新疆), by improving the fair employment policy system and labor rights protection mechanism, not only safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of workers, but also enables people with labor ability to achieve employment, maximizing the guarantee of voluntary employment and decent work for people of all ethnic groups.
The education cause has developed in an all-round way. Xinjiang (新疆) adheres to the priority development of education, accelerates the construction of a high-quality education system, and promotes the educational development results to benefit people of all ethnic groups more and more fairly. In 2024, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education in Xinjiang (新疆) reached 102.72%, the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education reached over 99%, and the gross enrollment rate of high school reached 97.74%, all of which are higher than the national average. Education investment has continued to increase. Since 2012, the state's financial education funds have cumulatively invested 1.1 trillion yuan in Xinjiang (新疆), and a cumulative investment of 47.9 billion yuan has been made in improving the conditions for running primary and secondary schools alone, and the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education has been promoted in an orderly manner. A student financial assistance system covering all academic stages has been established to provide assistance to students from families with financial difficulties. The amount of financial assistance has increased from 2.039 billion yuan in 2012 to 9.306 billion yuan in 2024. The Aksu (阿克苏), Kashgar (喀什), and Hotan (和田) regions and the Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture (克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州) in southern Xinjiang (南疆) implement 15 years of free education from kindergarten to high school. The layout and structure of higher education have been continuously optimized. In 2024, Xinjiang (新疆) has 63 ordinary universities, an increase of 24 compared to 2012, especially the historic breakthrough in achieving full coverage of undergraduate education in the five prefectures of southern Xinjiang (南疆五地州). The scale of vocational education has been further expanded. In 2024, the number of students enrolled was 575,000, an increase of 60.69% compared to 2012, and a group of high-quality technical and skilled talents have been trained, and a modern vocational education system has been basically established.
The health service system has been improved and optimized. Xinjiang (新疆) adheres to improving people's health promotion policies and significantly improving the level of health protection. As of 2024, there are more than 19,000 medical and health institutions of various levels and types in Xinjiang (新疆), the total number of personnel in the health system has reached 314,600, and there are 7.85 beds in medical institutions, 3.19 licensed (assistant) physicians, and 4.12 registered nurses per thousand people, and the service system is constantly improving. A total of 55 national-level key clinical specialties and 358 autonomous region-level key clinical specialties have been built, 54 autonomous region-level specialty alliances and 74 telemedicine collaboration networks have been built, making it convenient for people of all ethnic groups to "see a doctor and see a doctor well." Promote the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources and balanced layout, the proportion of close county medical communities has reached 86.05%, the standardization rate of township health centers and village health rooms has reached 100%, basically achieving "major diseases do not leave Xinjiang (出疆), general diseases are solved in cities and counties, and daily diseases are solved at the grassroots level." Actively promote the construction of Xinjiang International Medical Center (新疆国际医疗中心), and create a landmark and demonstration project of medical services in the core area of the Silk Road Economic Belt; accelerate the construction of 3 national regional medical centers and 4 autonomous region-level regional medical centers in Xinjiang (新疆), implement functional positioning, and realize the qualitative change of medical services from "having" to "excellence." The capacity for public health security has been significantly enhanced, and the integration and reorganization of disease control and supervision institutions in 14 prefectures and cities and 96 counties (cities, districts) have been fully completed, and the disease prevention and control system is becoming increasingly perfect. With the development and growth of the health cause, the health level of the people has continued to improve, and the average life expectancy has increased from 30 years in 1949 to 77 years in 2024.
The social security network has been further woven and strengthened. Xinjiang (新疆) has continuously improved and perfected a multi-level social security system covering the whole people, coordinating urban and rural areas, being fair and unified, safe and standardized, and sustainable, and the safety net for people's livelihood security is becoming increasingly dense. As of the end of 2024, the number of people participating in basic pension insurance in Xinjiang (新疆) reached 16.9115 million, and the number of people participating in basic medical insurance reached 23.669 million, with the participation rate remaining stable at over 95%; the number of people participating in unemployment and work-related injury insurance reached 4.1983 million and 5.4342 million respectively. While the security system is constantly improving, the level of security is also improving simultaneously, and the fruits of reform and development benefit people of all ethnic groups more and more fairly. Xinjiang (新疆) has established and improved a dynamic growth mechanism for social assistance standards and a linkage mechanism between social assistance and security standards and price increases, and has raised the minimum living security standard 13 times in a row since 2012, effectively ensuring the bottom line of basic people's livelihood.
A powerful force for building Xinjiang (新疆) is constantly gathering.
The great achievements of the new era have been achieved through the hard work, dedication, and struggle of the Party and the people! The historic achievements and historic changes in various undertakings in Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era are fundamentally due to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the result of the selfless support of the people of the whole country, and the result of the united struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆).
The strong support of the Party and the state has laid the foundation for the development of Xinjiang (新疆). The strong leadership of the Communist Party of China is the greatest political advantage for Xinjiang (新疆) to overcome difficulties and forge ahead in the process of Chinese-style modernization. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has given Xinjiang (新疆) care and love, established the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the new era, given Xinjiang (新疆) "five strategic orientations," and introduced policy measures such as better adhering to people's livelihood, uniting people's hearts, and promoting high-quality economic and social development in Xinjiang (新疆), leading Xinjiang's (新疆) work to uphold integrity and innovate and advance victoriously. Under the unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, the whole Party and the whole country have firmly established the idea of "a chess game," improved the working mechanism of central departments supporting and guiding, provinces and cities supporting and cooperating, and Xinjiang (新疆) playing the main role, forming a powerful joint force to jointly build a beautiful Xinjiang (新疆). The state has given special support in terms of financial funds, project construction, preferential policies, industrial support, and investment guidance. Since 2012, the central government has cumulatively transferred more than 4 trillion yuan to Xinjiang (新疆), which increased to 543.479 billion yuan in 2024. The strong leadership and cordial care of the Party Central Committee have provided fundamental guidance and injected strong political, spiritual, and working impetus for doing a good job in Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era.
Paired assistance to Xinjiang (对口援疆) has been improved in quality and efficiency. Paired assistance to Xinjiang (对口援疆) is a strategic move to achieve social stability and lasting peace and security in Xinjiang (新疆). The central and state organs, central enterprises, and relevant provinces and cities adhere to comprehensive assistance to Xinjiang (援疆), precise assistance to Xinjiang (援疆), and long-term assistance to Xinjiang (援疆), and implement all-round paired assistance in cadres and talents, industrial projects, science and education, medical and health, culture and tourism, and other aspects. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a cumulative amount of over 200 billion yuan has been arranged for assistance to Xinjiang (援疆), investment of 3 trillion yuan has been coordinated for economic cooperation projects, and over 15,000 enterprises have been introduced, promoting Xinjiang (新疆) to embark on the track of high-quality development. Assistance to Xinjiang (援疆) has always focused on guaranteeing and improving people's livelihood. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, 89.2% of the funds for assistance to Xinjiang (援疆) projects were invested in the field of people's livelihood, and 91.3% were invested at the grassroots level, promoting the continuous improvement of the well-being of people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆). Through the work of assistance to Xinjiang (援疆), a large number of cadres and talents for assistance to Xinjiang (援疆) have been selected and sent to work in Xinjiang (新疆), promoting the two-way rush of cadres and the masses between the assisted and assisted parties, arranging for grassroots cadres in Xinjiang (新疆) to go to the provinces and cities assisting Xinjiang (援疆) for training, organizing cultural exchange activities among ethnic groups, and promoting multi-level and multi-form interaction among ethnic groups inside and outside Xinjiang (新疆). The vast number of cadres and talents for assistance to Xinjiang (援疆) support Xinjiang (新疆) and dedicate themselves to Xinjiang (新疆), tightly linking the hearts of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) and the people of the whole country, forming a powerful joint force to jointly realize the Chinese dream.
The integrated development of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (新疆生产建设兵团) and local areas injects new impetus. The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (新疆生产建设兵团) is an important strategic force for achieving the overall goal of Xinjiang's (新疆) work. The autonomous region and the corps adhere to the principle of "one game of chess" between the corps and local areas, vigorously promote the integrated layout of strategic plans, the integrated formulation of overall plans, the effective connection of special plans, and the coordinated coordination of regional plans, and build a development pattern of complementary advantages and deep embedding. Innovate and improve the working mechanism for the integrated development of the corps and local areas, jointly implement a number of important infrastructure projects, jointly build the Hami (哈密), Zhundong (准东), and Tarim Basin (塔里木) ring 30 million kilowatt-level new energy bases, and actively promote the high-quality development of open platforms such as free trade zones, comprehensive bonded zones, development and opening-up experimental zones, and economic and technological development zones. Continue to promote resource sharing and service integration, 10 pairs of universities, 20 pairs of secondary vocational schools, and 590 primary and secondary schools (kindergartens) have established "hand-in-hand" pairing assistance relationships, and the corps and local areas have successfully formed 196 medical consortia of various types. The depth and breadth of the integrated development of the corps and local areas are constantly expanding, composing a moving chapter of unity and mutual assistance, complementary advantages, and common development.
Unite and struggle to build a beautiful homeland. Today's Xinjiang (新疆) is characterized by social stability and harmony, strong development momentum, ethnic unity and progress, cultural prosperity and development, religious harmony and harmony, and people living and working in peace and contentment. A new atmosphere of stability, harmony, and vigorous development is presented everywhere north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山). Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and with the strong support of the people of the whole country, more than 26 million cadres, workers, and people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang (新疆) keep their entrustments in mind, are grateful and forge ahead, fully and accurately implement the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the new era, firmly grasp the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security, take the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, give play to the main role, be pragmatic and responsible, and solidly promote the fundamental, basic, and long-term work concerning lasting peace and security, and have burst out with unprecedented historical initiative and historical creative spirit, and are writing a Xinjiang (新疆) chapter of Chinese-style modernization with full confidence, and striving to turn the grand blueprint drawn by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core for Xinjiang (新疆) into reality.
Concluding remarks
History is like a tide, and the road is like a whetstone. The pass is long and arduous, and the sails are raised again.
The great achievements in reform, development, and stability in Xinjiang (新疆) in the new era are fundamentally due to General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) as the core of the Party Central Committee and the core of the whole Party leading and steering the course, fundamentally due to the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and fundamentally due to the full and accurate implementation of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the new era.
The Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the new era guides the modernization of the border governance system and governance capacity to achieve a historic leap, and has found a correct path to coordinate development and security in the border areas, solidly promote the Xinjiang (新疆) practice of Chinese-style modernization, and achieve the overall goal of social stability and lasting peace and security in Xinjiang (新疆).
Although the dream is distant, it can be reached if pursued; although the wish is difficult, it can be fulfilled if persevered. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区). Looking forward to the future, in the magnificent practice north and south of the Tianshan Mountains (天山) and in the great journey of Chinese-style modernization, the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the new era will surely continue to demonstrate its great power and will surely continue to enrich and develop. Under the guidance of the Party's strategy for governing Xinjiang (治疆方略) in the new era, the road to development in Xinjiang (新疆), China, will surely become wider and wider, and the tomorrow of Xinjiang (新疆), China, will surely be more brilliant and splendid.
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), September 20)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 钟自炜
From Pukin Village (铺锦村) in Shishi (石狮) to Pukin Lane (铺锦巷) in Lugang (鹿港), the name "Pukin" is inseparable. Stepping on the homeland, every step feels like walking in the footsteps of our ancestors. Our roots are here!" Not long ago, Huang Qicong (黄启聪) from Pukin Lane (铺锦巷), Lugang Township (鹿港镇), Changhua County (彰化县), Taiwan (台湾), led the Huang clan's homecoming delegation to Pukin Village (铺锦村), Baogai Town (宝盖镇), Shishi City (石狮市), Fujian (福建).
"As time passes, a foreign land becomes home; morning and evening, incense must be offered to ancestors; may the Jiangxia (江夏) descendants always flourish..." Reciting the family precepts of the Lugang Huang Clan Association, Huang Qicong (黄启聪) could not hide his excitement. Speaking the same Minnan dialect and worshiping the same ancestors, Lugang (鹿港) still displays the "Pukin" ancestral hall plaque.
No matter how far Chinese people travel, their sense of blood ties and love for their homeland will not change. Whether it was the pioneers who reclaimed the island of Taiwan (台湾), or the people from various parts of mainland China who came to Taiwan (台湾) more than 70 years ago, they are all keen to compile genealogies and build ancestral halls on the island, all for the sake of not forgetting their roots. According to statistics, there are about 280 pairs of villages with the same name and same clan between Fujian (福建) and Taiwan (台湾). The same place names are full of homesickness and also tell future generations that compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are one family.
Same name, same heart; villages with the same name build a bridge of unity. Fujian (福建), facing Taiwan (台湾) across the sea and connected by water, is the most important ancestral home for the majority of Taiwan compatriots. In recent years, exchanges between villages with the same name on both sides of the Taiwan Strait have deepened. Compatriots on both sides of the Strait have enhanced their kinship and friendship by getting closer to each other, further stimulating the emotional resonance of blood ties.
Same Roots, Same Origin – Place Names as Proof
Small place names witness the history of survival and development of the people in one area, and also contain extremely rich cultural elements.
Relevant data shows that since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Fujian (福建) people moved to Taiwan (台湾), and they often invited fellow villagers to live together. How to name the newly formed villages, towns, and streets? The compatriots chose to "copy" the names of their ancestral prefectures, states, counties, townships, and villages, which not only united the strength of the same clan and surname, but also reminded future generations not to forget their homeland. This is the origin of villages with the same name on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Place names are proof that villages with the same name carry inseparable kinship and are a vivid reflection of the close geographical and blood ties between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Two Dongshis (东石) across the Min (闽) and Taiwan (台) Straits, sharing the same palace lanterns.
According to records, before the Ming Dynasty, pioneers from Dongshi (东石), Jinjiang (晋江), Fujian (福建) went to Taiwan (台湾) to make a living. In order to show that they did not forget their homeland, they followed the name of their hometown "Dongshi" (东石) in Taiwan (台湾).
With the continuous adjustment of administrative divisions, Dongshi Township (东石乡) in Taiwan (台湾) is now a township under the jurisdiction of Chiayi County (嘉义县). The descendants of Fujian (福建) people living in the surrounding towns such as Budai Township (布袋镇) and Yizhu Township (义竹乡) also call themselves "Dongshi people."
Every year, starting from the thirteenth day of the first lunar month, the Dongshi (东石) people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait hold a three-day "counting palace lanterns" activity. According to traditional customs, the newly married groom of the previous year needs to hang the palace lantern from the bride's dowry in the local Jiaying Temple (嘉应庙) to pray for blessings; the two places also report the number of palace lanterns to each other to celebrate the prosperity of the Dongshi (东石) descendants.
"Every year during the Lantern Festival, I come to Dongshi Town (东石镇), Jinjiang (晋江), Fujian (福建) to participate in the Min-Taiwan Dongshi Lantern Folk Custom activities, reunite with my relatives, and jointly inherit and promote the traditional culture left by our ancestors," said Cai Chongyi (蔡崇亿), chief executive of Jiaying Temple (嘉应庙) in Chiayi County (嘉义县), Taiwan (台湾).
Villages with the same name on both sides of the Taiwan Strait not only carry the deep-seated homesickness, but also build a bridge for communication and interaction.
On July 31, the Min-Taiwan Root-Seeking Service and Exchange Center was officially inaugurated at the China Min-Taiwan Kinship Museum (中国闽台缘博物馆) in Quanzhou (泉州), Fujian (福建). The center covers an area of more than 700 square meters. The exhibition area uses more than 160 pieces of literature, objects, and vivid cases to tell the story of Taiwan compatriots migrating from the Central Plains to Taiwan via Fujian (福建) and returning to the mainland to seek their roots and worship their ancestors. The center's collection area shelves the museum's collection of genealogies in alphabetical order by surname. As of June, the museum's collection of genealogies has involved 174 surnames in 21 provinces on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, with a total of 2,852 volumes and 11,021 books. In the query area, genealogies can be queried and compiled. Currently, it has included more than 300 surnames, 44,765 branch genealogies, and more than 5 million records.
"Compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait share the same roots and origins. We have assisted more than 360 pairs of relatives on both sides of the Taiwan Strait in successfully checking genealogies and seeking their roots," said Zheng Guofang (郑国防), curator of the China Min-Taiwan Kinship Museum (中国闽台缘博物馆). The center will continue to deeply explore the connotation of villages with the same name on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, serve Taiwan compatriots in seeking their roots with heart and soul, and continuously promote exchanges between relatives on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Diverse Exchanges – Emotions Linking Both Sides of the Taiwan Strait
Compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait jointly recite "Shuidiao Getou: When Will the Moon Be Clear?" (水调歌头·明月几时有) in the Minnan dialect, experiencing the classic beauty of Su Shi's (苏轼) words; the ancient "marriage certificate" witnesses the common origin of Min-Taiwan customs. In the Min-Taiwan wedding customs program "Happy Talk with the Same Voice" (囍话同声), Taiwan relatives use their local accents to display auspicious wedding sayings; the winning singers of the World Minnan Golden Melody Awards sing the theme song of the event, "Villages with the Same Name, Hearts Linked" (同名村·心连心), singing the deep-rooted kinship between relatives on both sides of the Taiwan Strait...
Not long ago, the 13th "Villages with the Same Name, Hearts Linked" friendship activity was held in Xiamen (厦门). The wonderful activities, themed "Same Language, Same Sound," used local accents as a medium for representatives of villages with the same name on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to jointly trace the source of culture and continue the deep friendship between compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Qi Jialin (戚嘉林), honorary chairman of the Taiwan Unification Alliance Party (台湾统一联盟党), said that "same language, same sound" is a bridge for emotional exchange between Min-Taiwan villagers. It carries the common memories and homesickness of both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and expresses the strong homesickness of Taiwan compatriots for the motherland and the deep attachment to their homeland. It is an important carrier of historical and cultural inheritance on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
It is reported that the "Villages with the Same Name, Hearts Linked" friendship activity has been held continuously since 2013. The activity has expanded from the initial root-seeking, renewing ties, co-construction, and co-creation to focusing on the daily life customs of people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and has successively organized exchanges between people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait with the themes of "same taste in food," "same customs in marriage," "same houses to live in," "same tunes to sing," "same ink for writing," and "same ancestral halls." It vividly demonstrates that both sides of the Taiwan Strait share the same roots and origins.
In 2022, representatives of Min-Taiwan villages with the same name and same clan jointly initiated a proposal to collect and protect "family letters from both sides of the Taiwan Strait," arousing the common historical memory of compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. In recent years, Fujian (福建) has further consolidated and expanded exchanges between Min-Taiwan villages with the same name and same clan, and promoted the joint compilation and construction of village chronicles, museums, and websites for villages with the same name and same clan in Min-Taiwan... Today, exchange activities between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, represented by villages with the same name, are becoming more diverse and closer to the grassroots, attracting more and more Taiwan compatriots to participate.
"The Min-Taiwan Straits are one family, and those with the same name and same clan are also of one heart." Zhang Guolin (张国琳), chairman of the Taiwan Zhang Liao Jian Exchange Association (台湾张廖简交流协会), said that he hopes that compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait will enhance exchanges, continue blood ties, protect historical memories, and jointly promote the integrated development of both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Integrated Development – Facing the Future
In Qiaoying Subdistrict (侨英街道), Jimei District (集美区), Xiamen (厦门), a three-story building with a predominantly vermilion color, incorporating traditional Minnan ancient house elements and modern minimalist style, stands quietly. This is the Banqiao Cross-Strait Village with the Same Name Exchange Center (板桥两岸同名村交流中心), which was completed this year and is also the first exchange platform for villages with the same name in the mainland that was initiated and built by relatives from Min-Taiwan villages with the same name.
What is the origin of "Banqiao" (板桥)? "During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Zhang clan members from Banqiao (板桥), Jimei (集美) migrated to Taiwan (台湾), distributed in Banqiao District (板桥区) and other places in New Taipei City (新北市), Taiwan (台湾)," introduced Zhang Wenzong (张文总), secretary-general of the Banqiao Confucian Forest Zhang Clan Association (板桥儒林张氏宗亲理事会) in Jimei (集美). With the changes of history, although the name "Banqiao Village" (板桥村) no longer exists in Jimei (集美) today, place names such as "Banqiao Road" (板桥路) and "Banqiao Cultural Street" (板桥文化街) are still preserved.
In 1989, Taiwan Banqiao (台湾板桥) relatives first formed a group to return to Jimei (集美), and since then, Banqiao (板桥) people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait have frequently "visited relatives." "The exchange center will provide more space for exchange activities for villagers. In the future, it will also carry out cross-strait folk culture and art exchanges, cross-strait youth study tours, and other activities," said Zhang Wenzong (张文总).
From returning to their hometowns to seek their roots and worship their ancestors to jointly building an exchange platform, the story of the Banqiao (板桥) people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait is an epitome of the joint efforts of compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to protect historical memories and promote spiritual harmony, and is also a vivid practice of jointly promoting the integrated development of both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Since the release of the "Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Supporting Fujian in Exploring a New Path for Integrated Development Across the Taiwan Strait and Building a Demonstration Zone for Integrated Development Across the Taiwan Strait" (中共中央 国务院关于支持福建探索海峡两岸融合发展新路建设两岸融合发展示范区的意见) in September 2023, Fujian (福建) has been comprehensively promoting the construction of a demonstration zone for integrated development across the Taiwan Strait, focusing on promoting social integration, economic integration, and emotional integration across the Taiwan Strait.
The integrated development of both sides of the Taiwan Strait lies in the youth of the future. Zhang Wenzong (张文总) is pleased to see that in recent years, more and more young faces have returned to Jimei (集美) among the Taiwan villagers.
Last month, the second Cross-Strait Village with the Same Name "Village BA" Basketball Invitational Tournament (海峡两岸同名村“村BA”篮球邀请赛) kicked off at the Banqiao Basketball Court (板桥篮球场) in Jimei District (集美区). 24 teams from villages with the same name on both sides of the Taiwan Strait gathered across the sea. Among the 260 Taiwan guests, young people accounted for nearly 90%.
"After the game, everyone sits down to drink tea and chat like 'good neighbors' (好厝边), and when we face each other like this, our hearts naturally get closer." Xu Jinghua (许京华), chairman of the Taiwan Folk Sports Federation (台湾民俗运动联合总会), said that he hopes that young people in Taiwan (台湾) can not only compete on the court, but also find their innate roots.
Return to TopBy: 江 琳
The Pearl River Estuary, where waves surge and tides ebb and flow.
The World Intellectual Property Organization recently released the "Global Innovation Index 2025" top 100 innovation clusters in Hong Kong. The "Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou" innovation cluster ranked first in the world for the first time, bringing the world's attention to this hot spot again. Previously, the "Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou" innovation cluster had ranked second in the world for five consecutive years.
The leap from closely following to leading is not an accidental one. Behind this lies the continuous increase in R&D investment, the steady improvement of innovation capabilities, and the continuous enhancement of development confidence.
In 2024, the number of invention patents granted in Shenzhen (深圳), Hong Kong (香港), and Guangzhou (广州) reached 113,000, and the number of PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) international patent applications reached 19,000. At the 2025 World Robot Conference, Shenzhen's "1-second ejection and stand-up" full-size humanoid robot, Guangzhou's industrial-grade high-performance quadruped robot, and Hong Kong's robot "group" such as "Hong Kong Boy No. 1 (港仔1号)" and "Hong Kong Boy No. 2 (港仔2号)" attracted attention—the intensive emergence of cutting-edge technologies proves the hard power of this global innovation cluster.
Hong Kong (香港) and the mainland cities in the Greater Bay Area each have their own strengths in the innovation chain—
Looking at Hong Kong (香港), it gathers global talents, has extensive international connections, smooth financing channels, and strong basic research capabilities. Today, Hong Kong (香港) is making every effort to build an international innovation and technology center. According to the "2025 World Talent Ranking" released by the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) in Lausanne, Switzerland, Hong Kong (香港) jumped to fourth in the world, ranking first in Asia. With the accelerated gathering of top talents and the continuous emergence of major research results, Hong Kong's (香港) innovation momentum is becoming stronger.
Looking at the mainland, Shenzhen (深圳), Guangzhou (广州) and other mainland cities in the Greater Bay Area have sound industrial systems and complete industrial chains. The China Spallation Neutron Source (中国散裂中子源), Pengcheng Laboratory (鹏城实验室), Guangzhou Laboratory (广州实验室) and other "national heavyweights" and major platforms are linked in series, with over 71,000 high-tech enterprises gathering in the Bay Area. Drones cut through the sky, new energy vehicles drive to the world, and robots intelligently create the future... The "Bay Area momentum" of new quality productive forces continues to burst forth.
Under "One Country, Two Systems," Hong Kong (香港) and mainland cities are not simply added together. Only by leveraging comparative advantages can we open up broader development space. Crossing the Shenzhen River (深圳河), Hong Kong's (香港) basic research has achieved industrialization and leapfrogging in the mainland, catalyzing the acceleration from the laboratory to the production line; the mainland's industrial achievements go to Hong Kong (香港) to connect with international capital and high-end talents, realizing the iteration from products to the forefront.
Building an international science and technology innovation center in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, turning "institutional differences" into "institutional advantages," can better release the superimposed effect of cross-border collaboration. In the Hetao (河套) area, the cross-border allocation of scientific research funds and the entry and exit of scientific researchers are highly convenient; in Qianhai (前海), the industrial cluster of science and technology services is accelerating its construction, and measures to support scientific and technological innovation are released; in Nansha (南沙), large scientific installations such as the cold spring ecosystem are gathered; in Hengqin (横琴), Macao's (澳门) scientific research results are accelerating their transformation... The construction of major cooperation platforms is being promoted in depth, the space is being expanded again, resources are efficiently interconnected, and "soft connectivity" allows innovative elements to flow like living water. Among the top 100 innovation clusters, the "Macao-Zhuhai (澳门—珠海)" innovation cluster has been shortlisted for the world's top 100 list for the second consecutive time, demonstrating the overall improvement of the Greater Bay Area's scientific and technological innovation capabilities.
苟日新，日日新，又日新 (gǒu rì xīn, rì rì xīn, yòu rì xīn - "If one day it is new, make it new every day, and again new," refers to the importance of continuous self-improvement and innovation). Reaching the top is not the end, but a new beginning. On this hot spot of innovation, every original breakthrough "from 0 to 1" and every scale transformation "from 1 to N" are accumulating momentum for the infinite possibilities of the future of science and technology innovation. Facing the forefront of world science and technology, the Greater Bay Area is accelerating the construction of an international science and technology innovation center with global influence with the momentum of collaborative innovation, helping to build a strong country in science and technology.
Return to TopThe 33rd Macao International Fireworks Display Contest, organized by the Macao Special Administrative Region Government Tourist Office, recently kicked off, with fireworks companies from 10 countries participating. During the event, spectators can enjoy fireworks, sample delicacies, participate in booth games, and enjoy stage performances, fully experiencing the diverse cultural charm of Macao (澳门).
This year's competition and performance continues to feature photography competitions and student painting competitions, and for the first time, an AI-assisted drawing competition is being held, allowing photography enthusiasts, students, and AI creation enthusiasts to unleash their creativity and capture wonderful moments through their works.
The picture shows a scene from the fireworks competition and performance.
Photo by Deng Guohui (邓国晖) (People's Vision)
Return to TopBy: 张 烁
In geography, it explicitly and implicitly suggests the "Undetermined Status of Taiwan" theory; in history, the more than 2,000 years of history from the Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties are hastily covered in only 1,600 words, and even Chinese history is incorporated into East Asian history... Recently, in response to the so-called "mainland threat," the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) authorities have requested the education department to complete 13 supplementary teaching materials on "understanding the China threat," preparing them for use in the new semester. This is a new move by the DPP authorities to plot "cultural Taiwan independence" after the "Taiwan independence" curriculum guidelines, which will further poison Taiwanese youth.
Out of their own selfish interests in seeking "independence," the DPP authorities are vigorously engaged in "de-Sinicization," once again extending their political black hands into the education sector, which should be dedicated to imparting knowledge, teaching morality, and cultivating people. Their aim is to use teaching materials and classrooms to "brainwash people," incite "anti-China resistance," spread "Taiwan independence" ideas, and attempt to sever the historical and cultural ties between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, in order to cultivate a social foundation for their provocation of cross-strait confrontation. This move will not only turn Taiwanese compatriots into rootless duckweed in spirit and culture, but also sow the seeds of disaster for the tense and turbulent situation in the Taiwan Strait. Their actions are detestable, and their intentions are punishable!
Compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait share the same roots, culture, and ethnicity. Chinese culture is the root and belonging of the hearts and minds of compatriots on both sides of the Strait, which cannot be erased by any artificial factors. The grand military parade held in Beijing (北京) earlier this month, despite the DPP authorities' repeated threats, intimidation, interference, and obstruction, still could not stop the enthusiasm of Taiwanese compatriots for watching the ceremony. Some Taiwanese compatriots watched the ceremony on-site, and more watched the live broadcast of the parade in various ways, saying that "the September 3rd military parade is the pride of the entire nation." Island media reported that "Taiwanese people, whether they go to the scene or watch or pay attention through television or the Internet, all feel honored."
Those who play with fire will 玩火者必自焚 (wán huǒ zhě bì zì fén - "those who play with fire will burn themselves," those who plot evil against others will eventually harm themselves), and perverse acts and sinister tricks are doomed to failure. Any act of "de-Sinicization" cannot change the Chinese cultural identity and Chinese national identity deeply rooted in Taiwanese society, cannot sever the historical connection between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and the blood ties of compatriots on both sides, and cannot change the fact that both sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one China and Taiwan (台湾) is a part of China. Those who 数典忘祖 (shǔ diǎn wàng zǔ - "enumerate the classics but forget the ancestors," to forget one's origins) have never had a good ending; those who betray the motherland will be spurned by the people and judged by history.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 冯学知
Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong, the Commercial Press (商务印书馆) flagship store is bustling with people. Upon entering, a book exhibition themed "80th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War," with red as the main color, is particularly eye-catching. Books labeled "This Month's Recommendation," such as "A Brief History of the People's Republic of China" (《中华人民共和国简史》), "A Reader on Knowledge of China's National Conditions" (《中国国情知识读本》), and "The Hong Kong and Kowloon Independent Brigade Chronicle (Revised Edition)" (《港九大队志（增订版）》), attract readers to stop and browse.
"We are using the best location in the bookstore, not simply to do a book exhibition, but to promote the great spirit of the War of Resistance through this themed book exhibition, and further stimulate the patriotic feelings of Hong Kong readers," said Yim Wai-ling (尹惠玲), Managing Director of Retail Business under the Hong Kong United Publishing Group and United New Retail (Hong Kong) Company Limited. From September 3 to October 1, the Joint Publishing (三联书店), Chung Hwa Book Company (中华书局), and Commercial Press (商务印书馆) stores operated by the company will exhibit approximately 300 books on the theme of the War of Resistance.
"Hong Kong Reading Week 2025" and "2025 Hong Kong Reading+," the 35th Hong Kong Book Fair, "Chinese Culture Festival 2025," and "Summer Library Festival 2025"... Hong Kong citizens' reading needs regarding national history, culture, politics, economics, and other aspects of national conditions are increasing day by day. Since the beginning of this year, a series of cultural activities have also driven the high reading atmosphere in Hong Kong, and reading materials on national conditions have continued to be popular.
At the Commercial Press (商务印书馆) flagship store, Ms. Zhou (周女士), a Hong Kong citizen, was attracted by a set of children's picture books themed "Colorful China" (缤纷中华). "The illustrations in this set of books are very beautiful, and the stories are very vivid, which can allow children to learn about our Chinese culture and customs while learning the language," Ms. Zhou (周女士) said with a smile. She bought both Chinese and English versions of the "Colorful China" (缤纷中华) series of books for her 5-year-old daughter.
"'Colorful China' (缤纷中华) series of children's books covers themes such as Chinese cuisine, famous scenic spots, animals, and festivals. Both Chinese and English versions are very popular, and the English version attracts many parents who value bilingual education and foreign readers," said Yim Wai-ling (尹惠玲). In recent years, Chinese culture books have accounted for an increasing proportion of the Hong Kong market, and have also occupied an increasingly important position in the company's sales, especially with the "northward" trend of Hong Kong citizens, the demand for travel and lifestyle books is increasing.
At the 35th Hong Kong Book Fair, Xie Chengyi (谢承益), a post-85s Hong Kong youth and self-media blogger with the online name "West DorSi" (西DorSi), held a new book launch event to introduce his new work "Journey to the West: Zhuhai" (西游记·珠海) and co-authored work "Livable Northward" (宜居北上).
"In recent years, it has become normal for Hong Kong citizens to 'go north' to consume, and more and more people are choosing to 'go north' to settle in the mainland. I hope to help citizens who 'go north' understand and adapt to the cultural differences between the two places from the perspective of an ordinary person, and help the people of the two places communicate with each other," said Xie Chengyi (谢承益). Xie Chengyi (谢承益), who once launched a Shenzhen travel guide bestseller, is happy to share travel and lifestyle information about mainland cities in the Greater Bay Area such as Shenzhen, Foshan, and Zhuhai with Hong Kong readers.
Reading ten thousand books is not enough; one must also travel ten thousand miles. This summer vacation, the bustling morning market in Harbin (哈尔滨), Heilongjiang (黑龙江) Province, welcomed a group of special little guests, who came from the "China Expo Looks at Today" Hong Kong Youth Study Tour. "Why come to the morning market?" some students asked in confusion. "You obviously haven't read the writer Chi Zijian's (迟子建) 'Fireworks Roll,' there are many interesting things in the morning market!" a female student told him.
This dialogue left a deep impression on Zhao Yang (赵阳), the leader of the study tour and Chairman of the China Merchants Group Hong Kong Youth Federation. "Hong Kong youths have a relevant reading foundation, and will have more resonance and feelings when visiting the mainland," Zhao Yang (赵阳) noted that in reading and study activities, more and more Hong Kong youths who visit the mainland choose routes based on the books they have read, or look for books of interest based on the visiting routes.
The descriptions in the book are reflected in real life, which is particularly touching for Li Boxi (李柏熙), a high school sophomore at Hong Kong Heung To Middle School (香港香岛中学). Following the study tour to the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Academy (中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院) in Qingdao (青岛), Shandong (山东) Province, the image of the plateau border guards he had read about in the literary work "Trees Higher Than Mountains" suddenly became vivid. "The People's Liberation Army I saw is kind and respectable. Their perseverance, indomitable qualities, and belief in defending the country deeply infect and inspire me," said Li Boxi (李柏熙).
As the new semester begins, despite the increased academic pressure, Li Boxi (李柏熙) will still squeeze out time to read the novel "Tibetan Mastiff" (藏獒) by the writer Yang Zhijun (杨志军), imagining that one day he can go to Tibet (西藏) to see the snowy plateau, the herdsmen, and the Tibetan mastiffs he has been thinking about.
A love of books is an atmosphere, and guiding young people to love reading, read good books, and be good at reading requires long-term effort. Since 2020, the China Merchants Group Hong Kong Youth Federation has held the Hong Kong Youth Reading Month event every year, which has attracted more than 500,000 participants to date, and the event covers hundreds of primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong.
"For each event, we recommend about 20 books to readers in the primary school, secondary school, and adult groups, including classic literary works, cutting-edge technology, business readings, etc., as well as a large number of works on national human geography and development achievements, to guide readers to deeply understand all aspects of the country," said Zhao Yang (赵阳). Young people become interested in the mainland through reading, and then go to understand and feel it, and constantly enhance their national identity, ethnic identity, and cultural identity in a subtle way.
Entering September, Zhao Yang (赵阳) began to prepare for the next Hong Kong Youth Reading Month event. He plans to include works on China's development achievements in the recommended book list: "The recent September 3rd military parade deeply shocked Hong Kong youths. Some middle school students came to ask me 'Why can China do it?' I hope they can find the answer in reading."
Return to TopBy: 张 阳
"Let history speak, and let historical facts tell the story," this sentence, engraved as the core tenet of the Exhibition Hall of Evidence of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army, is a reverence for history and a safeguard for peace. The year 2025 marks the 40th anniversary of the exhibition hall's opening and the 10th anniversary of the opening of the new hall. At this special juncture, the rusty petri dishes and cold anatomical instruments in the hall are silently telling the story of that painful memory, and also witnessing the unremitting efforts made by the exhibition hall over the past 40 years to reveal the truth and pass on history.
In 1933, the Japanese Imperial Army established Unit 731 in Harbin (哈尔滨) to secretly conduct research on bacteriological weapons, preparing for and implementing bacteriological warfare. The establishment and expansion of Unit 731 were achieved through the collusion and cooperation of the Japanese government, the Japanese Army General Staff Headquarters, the Japanese Kwantung Army (日本关东军), and Japanese medical colleges, fully proving that Japanese bacteriological warfare was an organized and premeditated national crime from top to bottom. In order to accelerate the implementation of bacteriological warfare, Unit 731 carried out inhumane human experiments, committing unprecedented anti-human atrocities and causing profound disasters to the people of many countries. After Japan's defeat and surrender in 1945, the Japanese Imperial Army attempted to cover up the crimes of bacteriological warfare, but as the archaeological survey, on-site investigation, protection, and restoration of the old site of Unit 731's crimes progressed, and as the collection, collation, and in-depth academic research of archival materials on the theme of bacteriological warfare advanced, the truth of the crimes gradually surfaced.
In order to restore the truth of history, the Exhibition Hall of Evidence of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army officially opened to the public on August 15, 1985. As a national key cultural relics protection unit, the exhibition hall has adhered to the principle of establishing the hall through academic research for many years, collecting evidence of the Japanese Imperial Army's bacteriological warfare crimes around the world with a sense of urgency to "rescue history." We organized forces to visit more than 190 laborers in various places and collected thousands of cultural relics. In 1993, we held our first touring exhibition in Japan and established cooperation with some Japanese civil groups. The "Visiting Veterans in Japan" transnational evidence collection campaign, launched in 1998, continues to this day, with a cumulative total of more than 40 former members of Unit 731 interviewed, 423 hours of oral video data preserved, and more than 300,000 pages of incriminating archives collected. In 1997, researchers discovered the "specially transferred" original archives in the Heilongjiang Provincial Archives (黑龙江省档案馆). This document, which Japanese writer Seiichi Morimura (森村诚一) called "irrefutable ironclad proof of human experimentation," provided key support for exposing the crimes.
In 2015, the new hall of the exhibition hall was completed and opened to the public, with the overall open area of the old site reaching 250,000 square meters, becoming a memorial hall with international influence on the theme of World War II disasters. The exhibition "Anti-Human Atrocities - Exhibition of Evidence of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army" in the hall systematically reveals the crimes of the Japanese army in six parts with the concept of "simple, plain, true, and credible": from the conspiracy and preparation of the Japanese Imperial Army's bacteriological warfare to the organized crimes of Unit 731, from the inhumane human experiments to the dark process of bacteriological weapons research, and then to the devastation caused by the implementation of bacteriological warfare and the just accountability of post-war trials... Each part is supported by cultural relics, historical materials, and images, and the evidence such as serum bottles, microscopes, and declassified American archives are organically linked through cluster display, allowing the audience to face the truth of history directly.
Two pieces of evidence in the exhibition are particularly important.
One is a military knife presented by Shiro Ishii (石井四郎) to Fukumatsu Okawa (大川福松), a medical orderly of Unit 731, which is displayed in the south side of the exhibition area of human experiments in the exhibition hall. Fukumatsu Okawa had engaged in evil activities such as live dissections in Unit 731 and was awarded this knife for his "outstanding" performance. It took the staff of the exhibition hall eight years of transnational evidence collection to collect this military knife back to China. It is direct evidence of the atrocities of human experiments by Unit 731, and is accompanied by Fukumatsu Okawa's testimony, allowing visitors to directly feel the cruelty of the members of Unit 731 and the crimes of Shiro Ishii, the chief culprit of Japanese bacteriological warfare, and also reflects the efforts of the exhibition hall in transnational evidence collection and collection of incriminating cultural relics.
The second is the "Roster of the Detachment of the Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department of the Kwantung Army (关东军防疫给水部留守名簿)" in the second exhibition hall, which records information on 3,497 members of the unit. This is an important historical material that the exhibition hall obtained from the National Archives of Japan (日本国立公文书馆) through various efforts and exhibited for the first time. It provides first-hand information for in-depth research on the overall scale, personnel sources, and identity composition of Unit 731, and reveals the criminal system of Unit 731 from the organizational structure level, allowing people to more clearly understand the full picture of this bacteriological warfare unit. So far, the rosters of all six bacteriological warfare units established by Japan for the purpose of aggression have been collected by our museum, becoming the most powerful evidence to expose the crimes of Japanese bacteriological warfare against China and restore the truth of history.
The design of the exhibition strikes people's hearts: the preface hall is written in six languages with "anti-human atrocities"; the semi-closed glass display cabinets use light contrast to create a dignified atmosphere; the projection screens with blood-stained iron beds and deep anatomical room passages restore the terrifying scenes of the year; the passing lives are visually presented by the jumping numbers and disappearing names on the electronic screen... As the audience feels when visiting, facing the cold anatomical instruments and the grim experimental reports, in addition to grief and indignation, there is more determination to forge ahead and strengthen oneself.
Today, the authenticity and integrity of the old site of Unit 731's crimes have met the standards of world cultural heritage. The exhibition hall is actively promoting its application for world cultural heritage and the application for the world memory list of bacteriological warfare archives. This is not only responsible for history, but also a vivid embodiment of its mission and responsibility. Protecting the old site of Unit 731's crimes is to safeguard the witness of history, so that it always bears the important responsibility of recording crimes and praying for peace.
(The author is the deputy curator of the Exhibition Hall of Evidence of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army (侵华日军第七三一部队罪证陈列馆)).
Return to TopBy: 肖 晔 黄 滋
Covered bridges, ancient structures spanning streams, are material witnesses to the continuation of historical context and crucial nodes in maintaining the humanistic ecology of contemporary rural construction, playing an irreplaceable role in constructing a rural environment where one can "see the mountains, see the water, and remember the nostalgia."
In May 2023, the "Three-Year Action Plan for Covered Bridge Protection (2023-2025)" was released, proposing for the first time at the national level to construct a systematic protection system for covered bridges. This is also the first time that covered bridges have been implemented for special protection as an independent category of cultural relics.
In recent years, in the work of resource investigation and identification, the opinions of experts from the covered bridge expert database selected and established have clarified the identification standards for covered bridges. Each covered bridge that meets the identification standards has a special covered bridge protection survey form, possessing an "identity card" that records its basic information, preservation status, and risk issues. Since the investigation began, 14 covered bridge provinces have completed the investigation and evaluation of 1,883 covered bridges, more than a hundred more than the newly discovered covered bridges in the Third National Cultural Relics Census. As the investigation continues to advance, the data will be dynamically adjusted.
After the Wan'an Bridge (万安桥) in Pingnan (屏南), Fujian (福建) Province, suffered a fire, all parties responded and dealt with it quickly, completing the restoration according to traditional craftsmanship. The Wolong Bridge (卧桥) on Xinglong Mountain (兴隆山) in Yuzhong (榆中), Gansu (甘肃) Province, which collapsed in August this year due to flash floods caused by heavy rainfall, has also started relevant cleaning and restoration work. Various regions are actively exploring innovative protection models: Jiangxi (江西) and Guangxi (广西) are using digital protection methods to promote the systematic protection and utilization of covered bridges from information collection, analysis and simulation, dynamic evaluation to achievement transformation and utilization. Yunnan (云南) is promoting the development of a "one map" comprehensive data management and display system for the Bijiang Ancient Bridge Group (沘江古桥梁群). Fujian (福建) and Anhui (安徽) and other places have basically completed the three-prevention project for covered bridges. Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture (黔东南苗族侗族自治州) in Guizhou (贵州) Province has compiled a construction plan for a smart safety supervision system for covered bridges, with 13 national and provincial protected covered bridges as the main body. Covered bridge protection is gradually shifting from rescue protection to preventive protection.
On December 5, 2024, the traditional construction techniques of Chinese wooden arch bridges were transferred from the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Intangible heritage techniques and covered bridge cultural relics are like an "invisible hand" and a "tangible body" - techniques give bridges a soul, and bridges extend the life of techniques. Only by protecting the two as an organic whole can we achieve the living inheritance of "seeing people, seeing things, and seeing life." The China Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritor Training Program - China Wooden Arch Bridge Traditional Construction Technology Training Class, which was launched in June this year, adopts a "non-heritage + cultural relics" training method to carry out "two-way training" for non-heritage inheritors and cultural relics protection and restoration workers. From the oral instruction of craftsmen in the deep mountains to the technological breakthroughs in university laboratories; from the creative practice of non-heritage workshops to the innovative exploration of cultural tourism integration, the construction techniques of covered bridges are realizing "living inheritance."
Currently, the construction of covered bridge thematic exhibition halls and museums, covered bridge thematic exhibitions, the compilation of covered bridge atlases, and the construction of databases are also being carried out simultaneously, which have both professional and popular value, and are helpful for the whole-chain protection of covered bridge cultural heritage from information collection to value dissemination.
Zhejiang (浙江) Province has more than 300 covered bridges, including 43 national key cultural relics protection units and 25 Zhejiang (浙江) Province cultural relics protection units, making it a well-deserved major province of covered bridges. What does covered bridge protection mean?
Taishun County (泰顺县), Zhejiang (浙江) Province, a small city famous for being the "Hometown of Chinese Covered Bridges," has driven the annual growth of all-area tourism by more than 10% through the integration of covered bridge elements into the entire industrial chain, realizing a tourism industry added value of 1.988 billion yuan. This is also a microcosm of Zhejiang (浙江) Province's answer to the significance of the implementation of the three-year action plan for covered bridge protection. At the protection level, Zhejiang (浙江) weaves a three-in-one protection network of "human defense, material defense, and technical defense," constructs a "one bridge, one policy, one commissioner" protection network, and constructs a covered bridge flood control material reserve system. Taishun (泰顺) has compiled and implemented the first special regulation on covered bridges in the country, the "Wenzhou Taishun Covered Bridge Protection Regulations" (《温州市泰顺廊桥保护条例》), to implement 24-hour all-weather smart supervision.
The covered bridge protection action has also become an important engine for the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. The "Covered Bridge Realm - Overall Plan for Regional Cultural Relics Themed Tourist Routes" (《廊桥化境——区域性文物主题游径总体规划》) led by the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Ancient Architectural Design combines the protection of covered bridges in the Fujian (闽), Zhejiang (浙), and Jiangxi (赣) regions with the overall economic and social development, plans and promotes the "covered bridge +" cross-border integration strategy, and explores a sustainable development path for cultural heritage to lead the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.
(Author's unit: Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Ancient Architectural Design Co., Ltd.)
Return to TopBy: 陈家昌
At the Sanxingdui (三星堆) site in Guanghan (广汉), Sichuan (四川), a batch of ivory that had been sleeping for thousands of years has reappeared. How can we "prolong the life" of these precious cultural relics that carry the secrets of the ancient Shu (古蜀) civilization?
Most of these ivories are waterlogged and have a deteriorated texture. The surface of the ivory is covered with fine cracks and holes of varying sizes, and the overall structure appears very loose and the strength is extremely low. This situation is not caused by a single factor. From the perspective of the burial environment, the groundwater level in the Sanxingdui (三星堆) site area is relatively high, which means that the ivory has been immersed in water for a long time. Under the long-term action of water and microorganisms, the structure of the ivory has become increasingly loose and fragile. The pressure of the soil further compresses and damages the structure of the ivory, and frequent changes in temperature and humidity exacerbate the formation of internal cracks and holes in the ivory.
Dehydration of waterlogged ivory is one of the key steps in conservation work. In existing conservation technologies, the dehydration and consolidation technology of ivory is still in a blank state. The technical team of the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage (中国文化遗产研究院) and the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Archeology (四川省考古研究院) tried a variety of dehydration treatment schemes.
The conservation team has developed a new type of compound sol material with high penetration and high compatibility, and can use natural infiltration-room temperature drying technology to achieve dehydration and consolidation of ivory. This innovative method can not only allow the compound colloid to slowly and evenly penetrate into the ivory tissue structure and tightly combine with the tiny pores inside the ivory, but also play a supporting role during the dehydration process, effectively preventing cracking, deformation, and disintegration caused by rapid loss of moisture from the ivory, and maintaining the integrity of the ivory structure.
The strength of the ivory after dehydration and consolidation is significantly improved. At this time, the broken or damaged ivory can be spliced and repaired. When selecting an adhesive, the compatibility, durability, and reversibility of the adhesive with the ivory must be fully considered to ensure that the repair work will not cause secondary damage to the cultural relics. After repeated experiments, the conservation team finally selected a special adhesive that is highly compatible with the ivory material. This adhesive can not only firmly bond the broken parts with stable performance and is not easy to age, but also has good reversibility, providing the possibility for future repairs.
During the restoration, team members repositioned the broken ivory fragments one by one to restore the original shape of the ivory to the greatest extent. To further reduce the impact of the external environment on the ivory, we selected a sealing material with high transparency and strong stability and evenly coated it on the surface of the ivory to form a protective film. This protective film can not only effectively isolate the erosion of environmental factors such as air on the ivory, but also maintain the original color and texture.
These protected ivories provide valuable physical data for studying the religious sacrifices, social life, and trade exchanges of the ancient Shu (古蜀) civilization. Through the study of ivory, we can also learn about the ecological environment and species distribution of the ancient Shu (古蜀) period, as well as the ways in which people obtained ivory and the ways in which they processed and utilized ivory at that time.
(Author's affiliation: Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage (中国文化遗产研究院))
Return to TopBy: 李 瑞
The smoke of war has dissipated, and the land has regained its glory. As time flows, it cannot erase the unforgettable memories—the silent stone lions on the Lugou Bridge (卢沟桥), silently narrating the cries of a nation in peril; the bullet-riddled walls of the Taierzhuang (台儿庄) battle site, still radiating the Chinese nation's determination to rise up in resistance. One by one, the anti-Japanese war relics that have been baptized by artillery fire, and one by one, the anti-Japanese war sites that witnessed bloody battles, have become important witnesses to vividly showcase the magnificent epic and great victory of the Chinese War of Resistance.
Protecting, managing, and utilizing anti-Japanese war relics well is our reverence for history and, more importantly, our commitment to the future.
In recent years, the protection of anti-Japanese war relics has been continuously strengthened. From the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu (晋冀鲁豫) region to the Shaan-Gan-Ning (陕甘宁) region, the coordinated planning and effective promotion of 20 revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization zones with the theme of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression have broken regional restrictions and achieved the transition from the protection of "points" to the inheritance of "surfaces." More than 3,000 projects for the protection and restoration of anti-Japanese war sites, display and exhibition, environmental improvement, and the protection and restoration of anti-Japanese war cultural relics in museums have been implemented nationwide. Major risks at important anti-Japanese war sites have been eliminated, and the preservation of anti-Japanese war cultural relics in museums has been significantly improved. Today, a three-dimensional and comprehensive systematic protection pattern for anti-Japanese war cultural relics has basically taken shape.
We see that in the majestic Taihang Mountains (太行), the former site of the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army (八路军) has been revitalized, reproducing the heroic spirit of "strategizing and commanding;" in the land of southern Anhui (皖南), the renovation of the former site of the New Fourth Army (新四军) headquarters has provided a more solid foundation for the "Iron Army Spirit;" between the white mountains and black waters, the archaeological excavation of the secret camp site of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army (东北抗联) has allowed nearly 5,000 relics of the Anti-Japanese United Army to reappear, making that period of icy and snowy, arduous struggle infinitely clear and profound.
Cultural relics are silent, but the spirit is immortal. How can we tell the story of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression well and make the great spirit of the War of Resistance directly reach people's hearts? The key lies in awakening common emotional memories with vivid and detailed narratives. In recent years, the storytelling expression and detailed presentation of anti-Japanese war memorial halls and anti-Japanese war cultural relics themed exhibitions have increased the expressiveness and appeal of displays and exhibitions, shifting from the elaboration of grand narratives to the warm expression of "seeing the big from the small and seeing history from objects."
In the Museum of the War of Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (中国人民抗日战争纪念馆), the manuscript of "Camping Song" (《露营之歌》) "warming the chest in front of the fire, and feeling the cold on the back in the wind" allows us to touch the burning and tenacious heart of the soldiers of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army in extremely harsh environments. As one audience member commented: "How could such a team be overwhelmed!" These exhibitions full of details and warmth make the image of heroes no longer a vague symbol, but a flesh-and-blood individual; and make the history of the War of Resistance no longer a distant story, but a tangible and knowable national memory. This transformation from "I hear" to "I feel" has built an emotional bridge across time and space, allowing the spirit of the War of Resistance to nourish people silently and permeate their hearts.
"When the youth are strong, the country is strong." Anti-Japanese war cultural relics have a powerful function of shaping souls and cultivating people. When primary and secondary school students across the country attend the same ideological and political class, and when children feel the wisdom and courage in the fully hand-drawn "Landmine Warfare" (地雷战) exhibition, the great spirit of the War of Resistance has taken root and sprouted in their hearts.
It is encouraging that anti-Japanese war sites and venues are increasingly becoming popular "red classrooms." From 96 anti-Japanese war sites and venues being included in the national patriotic education demonstration bases, to the Museum of Evidence of Germ Warfare by Japanese Army Unit 731 (侵华日军第七三一部队罪证陈列馆) receiving an average of more than 12,000 visitors per day this summer; from more than 500 anti-Japanese war themed exhibitions being held nationwide annually, to an average of more than 60 million people visiting anti-Japanese war sites and venues annually... A spiritual inheritance chain with anti-Japanese war cultural relics as its carrier is becoming increasingly solid and vibrant.
History is the best textbook and the best sobering agent. Anti-Japanese war cultural relics are solidified beacons of war. From them, we truly touch how a nation built a new Great Wall with flesh and blood and stood upright with an unyielding will in that arduous and extraordinary period. We truly feel where today's happy life comes from and how the heavy responsibility of national rejuvenation should be shouldered.
Return to TopBy: 湖南省新邵县 石佳峰
I jogged along the banks of the Zi River (资江), the distant dark green mountains resembling an ink painting that had not yet dried. Suddenly, I heard a cry of "Yi he - li hai!" cleaving through the morning mist like tearing silk, startling several egrets from the reed beds. The sound waves crashed against the river surface, shattering into golden, shimmering ripples that lapped at my feet. On the blue stone steps of the dock, Uncle Chen (陈叔), wearing an indigo undershirt, sang: "Stone horse crossing the river - never turns back!" His final note suddenly soared, crashing into the water like a mountain rock, splashing the entire river with resounding echoes. "Scared the little one?" He grinned, "This is the ancestral wisdom passed down."
Later, I learned that this vocal style was a "treasure" famous throughout the province - the Shima River (石马江) boatman's song. Uncle Chen (陈叔) took me to see the iron hammer left by his father, the hammer handle wrapped in oilcloth, the oil sweat seeping out cloud patterns on the handle. "In 1959, my father and his colleagues took this tune to Beijing (北京)." He stroked the indentation on the hammerhead, as if caressing an old medal, "Twenty-four men swung hammers and roared in unison, the sound waves shook the scaffolding!"
The most touching moment was last year's Double Ninth Festival. The county organized a non-material cultural heritage exhibition, and Uncle Chen (陈叔) was surrounded and led onto the stage. The lights stung his eyes, and when the suona horn sound subsided, he suddenly pushed the microphone away and took a deep breath towards the Zi River (资江). That cry of "Ya he li hai--" shot towards the river like an arrow released from a bowstring, and the children in school uniforms under the stage followed suit, their childish voices as tender as spring bamboo shoots, intertwined with the vigorous old tune, making everyone's nasal passages tingle.
At the end of the performance, Uncle Chen (陈叔) hoisted a robust boy onto his shoulders: "Remember! Shouting the boatman's song requires using your waist strength!" The child giggled and mimicked him, his tender "Hei zuo" sound melting into the twilight.
Later, I went running again. Uncle Chen (陈叔) was not at the dock, but I saw a young man wearing headphones standing facing the river, the melody of "Shima River (石马江) in Memory" flowing from his phone. When the chorus started, he suddenly took off his headphones and let out a long, loud cry towards the river.
The waves of the Shima River (石马江) echoed, carrying the clear shout into the distance - it turned out that this river has always been alive.
Return to TopBy: 娄永亮 张 琪
Yiyuan County Quanlian Cave Site (沂源县圈连洞遗址) in Zibo City (淄博市) has enriched the cultural connotation of the Paleolithic Age in Shandong Province; the Great Wall of Qi (齐长城) site in Guangli Village (广里村), Changqing District (长清区), Jinan City (济南市) provides key data for the construction age and functional evolution of the Great Wall of Qi (齐长城); the newly discovered ancient salt industry site group in the Bohai Rim region provides new evidence for the study of the salt industry history along the coast of Shandong; the Weichai Old Factory Area (潍柴老厂区) in Kuiwen District (奎文区), Weifang City (潍坊市), witnessed the development of heavy industry in New China... In the fourth national cultural relics census, Shandong strictly followed the principle of "investigating everything that should be investigated and protecting everything that should be protected," focusing on "new discoveries," and the province has cumulatively investigated and registered more than 14,000 newly discovered cultural relics.
From the perspective of the types of newly discovered cultural relics, modern and contemporary important historical sites and representative buildings account for the highest proportion, followed by grotto temples, stone carvings, and ancient cultural sites. Traditional dwellings are the largest subcategory among all newly discovered cultural relics.
The "Fourth Census" has extended the chronological axis of cultural relic identification and expanded the scope of cultural relic identification, providing a favorable opportunity for the census to increase new discoveries. A large number of basic construction projects start in Shandong every year. The province implements the concept of "archaeology before construction," accumulating a large number of new cultural relic clues, which has become an important support for the "Fourth Census" new discoveries.
Following the map to find the horse, first sort out the clues. On the one hand, the "Fourth Census" personnel systematically sorted out the clues formed by archaeological exploration and special investigations of cultural relics resources in the province since the "Third Census," and combined them with the context of ancient city changes, modern industrial development, and major historical events to sort out potential clues. Shandong innovatively issued a clue collection announcement for the first time in the country, implementing a "village-to-village" carpet-style survey to supplement and verify clues. The census office collected more than 6,000 clues, of which nearly 2,500 clues were verified and registered as new discoveries, with a conversion rate of 40%.
Special investigations are a direct means to achieve an increase in newly discovered cultural relics, often with a multiplier effect. Shandong Province organized and carried out on-site investigations targeting key areas and key types, focusing on key areas such as famous historical and cultural cities, towns, and villages, historical blocks, traditional villages, and old cities, as well as key types such as industrial heritage, local heritage, 20th-century heritage, and cultural landscapes; organized 2 universities and 3 provincial-level cultural and museum units to carry out 7 special investigations on the Great Wall of Qi (齐长城), salt industry sites, the Grand Canal, and underwater cultural relics.
The Great Wall of Qi (齐长城) special project covers 6 cities and 16 districts and counties. Based on the existing survey results of the Great Wall resources, a detailed investigation was carried out on the more than 600-kilometer-long Great Wall of Qi (齐长城) remains to comprehensively clarify its quantity, type, distribution pattern, and preservation status, laying a solid foundation for subsequent protection and management work. The Jiaoji Railway (胶济铁路) special project achieved full coverage of 4 cities and 21 districts and counties along the Jiaoji Railway (胶济铁路), focusing on the railway line and supporting facilities, while also taking into account important related heritage and urban and rural settlements along the line. The salt industry site special project covers an area of 760 square kilometers in 3 cities in the Yellow River Delta (黄河三角洲), and more than 1,000 new salt industry sites have been discovered. The Paleolithic site special project focuses on carrying out systematic investigations in the Yishu River (沂沭河), Zimi River (淄弥河), and Chaiwen River (柴汶河) basins, and nearly 50 new Paleolithic sites have been discovered. The Grand Canal special project covers 5 cities along the river, with a survey area of over 750 square kilometers, and more than 70 new settlement sites, dikes, and canals have been discovered. The underwater cultural relics special project focuses on the Jiaodong coastal area, and more than 100 new shipwreck sites and various coastal defense sites have been discovered. Xintai City (新泰市) conducted a special investigation on the Cilai Railway (磁莱铁路) within its territory, and newly discovered 24 remains of Japanese invaders' crimes.
The special project for key areas with concentrated contiguous areas focuses on old cities, famous historical and cultural cities, towns, and villages, traditional villages, and historical blocks as the focus of investigation, and more than 2,800 new cultural relics have been discovered, and a number of traditional villages with large numbers and strong representativeness have emerged, such as Malanjiang Village (马栏耩村) in Rongcheng City (荣成市), Huangshibanpo Village (黄石板坡村) in Anqiu City (安丘市), and Qianwangzhuang Village (前王庄村) in Juye County (巨野县). The census of cultural relics with private property rights faces greater resistance, and the census team members adhere to "thinking from the perspective of others and patiently guiding" to gradually eliminate public concerns. At the same time, the local government actively explores incentive and guarantee mechanisms to effectively stimulate public enthusiasm.
In the efforts of the census team members, step by step, new discoveries are being recorded into the national cultural relics resource database, and nothing is more gratifying than this.
Return to TopThis edition's email: ysbjs@peopledaily.cn
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