Summary: The 20th CPC Central Committee's Fourth Plenum convened in Beijing from October 20-23, 2025, attended by 168 Central Committee members and 147 alternate members, and presided over by Xi Jinping, who delivered an important speech. The plenum reviewed and approved the "Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" and set key targets for the period, including significant achievements in high-quality development and improvements in technological self-reliance. It emphasized the need to balance domestic and international imperatives and to continue to promote Chinese-style major country diplomacy. The plenum also stressed the importance of building a strong domestic market and expanding high-level opening up to create a new landscape of cooperation and mutual benefit. It further outlined objectives for national security, military modernization, and cultural development, alongside economic goals.
Summary: A press conference will be held by the CPC Central Committee at 10:00 am on October 24th to introduce and interpret the spirit of the 20th Fourth Plenary Session of the Party. State media outlets, including CCTV, People's Daily Online, Xinhua Net, and China Net, will broadcast the press conference live. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The Fourth Plenum of the 20th CPC Central Committee focused on the "15th Five-Year Plan," a crucial period for advancing socialist modernization. The Plenum reviewed and approved the "Suggestions for the 15th Five-Year Plan," outlining strategic goals and tasks for China's development. The meeting emphasized upholding the Party's leadership and adhering to principles like high-quality development and reform, aiming to build a modern socialist nation. It also referred to the complex international environment, although it did not make any direct statements about U.S. relations. The plenum stressed the importance of "Two Establishments" in navigating risks and promoting Chinese-style modernization.
Summary: The 20th Fourth Plenary Session of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee convened in Beijing from October 20th to 23rd, reviewing and adopting the "Proposals of the CPC Central Committee for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development." Attendees emphasized the importance of upholding the "Two Establishments" and resolutely achieving the "Two Safeguards" under the leadership of Xi Jinping. Central Committee members, including heads of various provinces such as Guizhou (徐麟), Beijing (殷勇), Henan (刘宁), and Fujian (周祖翼), expressed their commitment to implementing the spirit of the session in their respective regions. The meeting highlighted the importance of self-reliance and strength in science and technology. The session aimed to provide a strategic blueprint for China's development over the next five years, focusing on comprehensively building a modern socialist country.
Summary: The 20th CPC Central Committee's fourth plenary session in October reviewed and adopted proposals for the 15th Five-Year Plan, outlining China's development blueprint for the next five years. International observers highlighted the plan's continuity, adaptability, and integration of top-level design with public input, noting its role in China's economic development and social stability. Experts believe the plan offers a governance model based on in-depth research and risk assessment, ensuring long-term economic stability, and provides a stable development solution to resolve zero-sum thinking. It is expected to provide strategic guidance for Chinese-style modernization and contribute certainty to global development. The plan, including its green development goals, is seen as a contribution to global climate governance.
Summary: The 20th CPC Central Committee's Fourth Plenum convened in Beijing from October 20-23, 2025, with 168 Central Committee members and 147 alternate members in attendance; Xi Jinping delivered an important speech. The Plenum reviewed and adopted the "Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," setting goals for high-quality development, technological self-reliance, deepened reform, and improved living standards. By 2035, the aim is to achieve a significant leap in economic, technological, and defense capabilities, reaching the level of moderately developed countries. The plenum also emphasized expanding high-level opening up to the outside world to create a new situation of cooperation and win-win situation.
Summary: The plenum called for unity around the Party Central Committee led by Xi Jinping to achieve socialist modernization and national rejuvenation. It affirmed the achievements made since the 20th CPC Central Committee's Third Plenum, including deepened reform, high-quality development, and strengthened national security. The meeting emphasized the importance of the 15th Five-Year Plan for building the foundation for socialist modernization. Key goals for the period include high-quality development, technological self-reliance, and expanded domestic demand. The plenum also stressed the need to expand high-level opening up and promote mutually beneficial cooperation with other countries.
Summary: Li Shulei, a member of the Politburo and head of the Propaganda Department, addressed a teleconference on studying and implementing the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. The meeting highlighted the importance of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period (2026-2030) for laying the foundation for socialist modernization. The conference emphasized the need to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the plenary session as a major political task. There was no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of China's five-year plans as a mechanism for strategic governance and consistent development. It highlights China's focus on improving people's lives through expanded public services and technological innovation. China's high-level opening-up, including efforts in Hainan, creates cooperation opportunities. Thailand benefits directly from China's development, including collaboration in new energy vehicles and digital economy, with Chinese investment helping Thailand transform into an electric vehicle manufacturing center. The article posits that China's modernization is a global opportunity achieved through cooperation, not just internal success, and expects deepened collaboration with Thailand in various sectors.
Summary: Ministry of Commerce Spokesperson announced that Vice Premier He Lifeng will lead a delegation to Malaysia from October 24-27 for trade consultations with the United States. This meeting, agreed upon by both sides, aims to implement the consensus reached during previous calls between the two countries' heads of state. Discussions will focus on important issues in U.S.-China economic and trade relations. The announcement follows a recent video call between He Lifeng and U.S. Treasury Secretary Yellen and Trade Representative Tai, where they agreed to hold a new round of consultations soon.
Summary: According to data released by the National Energy Administration, China's total electricity consumption in September increased by 4.5% year-on-year. Electricity consumption in the first three quarters saw an increase of 4.6% year-on-year, with the secondary industry playing a major role in the third quarter growth. High-tech and equipment manufacturing saw a notable increase in electricity consumption. While the article doesn't directly mention the United States or U.S.-China relations, the growth in high-tech manufacturing could be interpreted in the context of ongoing tech competition.
Summary: NPC Standing Committee spokesperson Wang Xiang announced the upcoming 18th session of the 14th NPC Standing Committee, scheduled for October 24-28, which will review multiple draft laws, including revisions to the Maritime Law, Village and City Resident Committee Organization Laws, and Cybersecurity Law. The Cybersecurity Law revision includes a framework for AI safety and development, supporting research and ethical norms while strengthening risk monitoring and regulation. Amendments to the Environmental Protection Tax Law and drafts related to ecological environment are also under consideration. Xinjiang's legislative achievements over the past 70 years were highlighted, emphasizing human rights protection in local legislation. The NPC Standing Committee's grassroots legislative outreach also celebrated its 10th anniversary.
Summary: Zhang Shengmin, born in 1958, is currently serving as the Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) and a member of the People's Republic of China's CMC. He also holds positions as Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and Secretary of the CMC Discipline Inspection Commission, concurrently Director and Party Secretary of the CMC Supervision Commission. Zhang holds the rank of General in the Rocket Force.
Summary: International analysts interviewed by *People's Daily* highlighted the CCP's 5-year plans (FYPs) as a key element of China's governance system, ensuring long-term economic stability and offering a development model for other nations. The analysts emphasized the plans' combination of continuity and adaptability, its integration of top-level design with public input, and its contribution to China's economic growth and social stability. They also noted the global significance of China's FYPs, particularly in providing stability amid international uncertainty and promoting green development, which is seen as a significant contribution to global climate governance. Several ASEAN countries are reportedly emulating the FYP to promote regional economic integration. The analysts expect that the 15th FYP will provide new strategic guidance for Chinese-style modernization and contribute to global stability.
Summary: The State Council has announced personnel changes, including the appointment of Tan Quan as Assistant Minister of Public Security, Duan Yijun as Director of the State Administration for Religious Affairs (SARA), and Gao Xiang as President of Dalian University of Technology. Duan Yijun was removed from his previous position as Vice Minister of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission. Chen Ruifeng was relieved of his role as Director of SARA, and Jia Zhenyuan was removed as the president of Dalian University of Technology.
Summary: The Shanghai government has completed a city-wide initiative to eliminate the practice of residents using chamber pots ("拎马桶" or "ling ma tong") by the end of September. This initiative, which began in the 1990s, involved renovating old housing, installing modern sanitation facilities, and even demolishing and rebuilding some residences to improve living conditions. The final phase focused on the most challenging cases, requiring tailored solutions and extensive community engagement. Resident Zhang Zhong expressed optimism about moving into a new home with modern facilities, ending a multi-generational struggle. Shanghai officials, including Shanghai Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission Director Wang Zhen, emphasized the importance of improving residents' quality of life and meeting their needs.
Summary: According to the State Post Bureau, China's express delivery volume from January to September reached 145.08 billion parcels, a 17.2% year-on-year increase, with September alone seeing 16.88 billion parcels handled, up 12.7% year-on-year. This growth has bolstered online retail sales, which exceeded 9 trillion RMB in the first three quarters. The express delivery sector has also facilitated the flow of goods across regions, particularly benefiting the central and western regions of China, by growing 1% and 0.5% respectively. The industry anticipates continued growth in the fourth quarter, fueled by market potential and digital upgrades. There was no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: China's national railway system saw significant growth in freight transport in the first three quarters of the year, handling 3.03 billion tons of goods, a 3.4% year-on-year increase. Coal shipments, particularly for power generation, remained robust, with 1.553 billion tons of coal transported. Intermodal transport services also expanded, with a 16.9% increase in container traffic via rail-water routes. Cross-border freight maintained stable operations, with the China-Europe Railway Express operating 14,500 trains and the China-Central Asia Railway Express increasing by 22.8%.
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Summary: An interview discusses the rise of "new type" research universities in China, institutions that differentiate themselves through interdisciplinary approaches, innovative talent cultivation, and a focus on cutting-edge fields like AI and biomedicine. These universities aim to serve national strategic needs and regional industrial development by cultivating innovative talent. Universities like the Greater Bay Area University and Westlake University are highlighted as examples, emphasizing their unique curriculum design, research-based teaching, and international exposure for students. The discussion concludes that these institutions, while different from traditional universities, play a valuable role in China's higher education landscape by exploring new educational models and fostering high-level talent. There is no mention of the United States in this article.
Summary: This article discusses the problematic "hat system" (人才帽子) in China's research environment, where academic titles unduly influence research resource allocation. It advocates for abolishing the "hat-based" evaluation mechanism, returning these titles to their essence as academic honors. The piece emphasizes establishing an evaluation system based on innovation value and practical contributions, tailored to different positions and disciplines. The author suggests detailed evaluation mechanisms and long-term tracking for basic and applied research, alongside diversified assessment methods for educators. This shift aims to foster a healthier, more equitable, and innovative research ecosystem.
Summary: China aims to build 28 million charging facilities nationwide by the end of 2027, according to the "Three-Year Action Plan (2025-2027) for Enhancing Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Service Capacity." The plan focuses on strengthening urban fast-charging networks and addressing shortcomings in rural charging infrastructure construction. Expanding the charging network will further promote the development of the new energy vehicle industry. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of integrating practical social issues into ideological and political education (思政课) in China. It suggests moving beyond traditional settings like museums to include urban and rural community governance as learning environments. Students are encouraged to participate in grassroots governance, understand public sentiment, and contribute to solving real-world problems like improving community parks or addressing concerns of delivery drivers. The piece advocates for institutionalizing these practical experiences through partnerships between schools and local governments, incorporating them into the curriculum. By connecting theory with practice, the article argues, 思政课 can better resonate with students and foster a deeper understanding of national development.
Summary: A "Serve the People" landmark in Xinjiang, created in the 1960s to aid People's Liberation Army Air Force pilots, was recently damaged by reckless driving, prompting a police investigation and administrative penalties. The landmark, created by scraping away dark gravel to reveal lighter soil underneath, served as a navigational aid and a symbol of the dedication of that generation of pilots. The incident prompted a group of young people to travel over 2000km to restore the landmark, highlighting the continued importance of preserving historical memory and continuing the spirit of dedication to the people. The author notes that the landmark is a reminder of the dedication and spirit of earlier generations. The article makes no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: An archeological site of a 600-year-old city wall was discovered during the construction of the Tianjin Metro Line 4. Instead of moving the site, authorities decided to preserve it in its original location, incorporating it into the Southeast Corner subway station as a historical exhibit. This involved a complex engineering process to stabilize the wall and isolate it from subway vibrations. The "subway station + museum" model allows the public to view the city's history and appreciate the balance between urban development and cultural heritage preservation. The article highlights the importance of respecting history, prioritizing protection, and promoting coordinated efforts between urban construction and heritage preservation. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to give you a concise and accurate summary tailored for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
Summary: The "Village BA" basketball tournament in Guizhou's Taijiang County has transformed the once impoverished Taipan village into a thriving agri-cultural tourism destination. Village Party Secretary Cen Jianglong emphasized the importance of maintaining the "Village BA" brand, which has attracted significant investment and tourism revenue. The village has updated its rules and regulations, including fair pricing and free admission, to ensure a positive experience for visitors. The success has led to increased trust in the village leadership and a focus on sustainable development, attracting enterprises and promoting local products through e-commerce. Taipan Village aims to convert the traffic from the “Village BA” into agricultural product sales, and further promote the integrated development of agriculture, culture, sports and tourism.
Summary: The head of Taipan village's village committee reports that the village basketball tournament, or "Village BA," has become a cultural and tourism brand, increasing villager income through expanded services and online broadcasts. Villagers have been encouraged to set up stalls, further enhancing the event's appeal and leading to the opening of restaurants and B&Bs. As village committee director, the author aims to further develop the "Village BA" brand, attract investment, and encourage local employment and the return of young people to the village. The goal is to convert the influx of visitors into sustained economic growth for the community. There are no references to the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: This article discusses the promotion of rural revitalization through the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism, particularly highlighting the success of grassroots sports events like "Village BA" and "Village Super League." It emphasizes the need for systematic planning, including product innovation, digital platforms, talent development, and shared benefits, to ensure the sustainable development of rural cultural tourism. The author advocates for branding and standardizing "Village Games" while avoiding homogeneity, developing digital platforms for dissemination, and improving infrastructure to attract young talent. The article argues that these initiatives can convert the enthusiasm generated by these events into sustained economic growth, supporting China's overall rural revitalization strategy during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. The United States is not mentioned.
Summary: The article reports on efforts in Fuxing Village, Guangxi Province, to boost local employment and incomes through agricultural development, specifically focusing on a bamboo shoot industry. Local officials helped connect villagers, including formerly migrant workers, with employment opportunities at the bamboo farm. The bamboo shoot industry has significantly increased local incomes, leading to the elimination of some villagers' risk of falling back into poverty. Local authorities are planning to expand the agricultural industry by introducing processing factories, creating even more jobs. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article reports on the success of the bamboo shoot industry in Fuxing Village, Guangxi Province, which allows villagers to work locally instead of migrating for employment. This industry is described as being built near the village, bringing work opportunities directly to the villagers' doorsteps, supporting rural revitalization. The article highlights the mutually beneficial relationship between industry and employment growth in the region. It predicts more rural prosperity as more industries take root in rural areas.
Summary: A "Yangtze River Train" carrying corn departed Jiujiang, Jiangxi for Sichuan, marking the extension of the railway transport segment of the "Yangtze River Train" service to Jiangxi province. This expansion completes the coverage of the three provinces in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River: Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi. The new route facilitates the transportation of goods, particularly corn, along the Yangtze River economic belt. No officials or US-China relations were mentioned in the article.
Summary: Shanghai has completed its city-wide initiative to eliminate the practice of residents using and manually disposing of chamber pots ("拎马桶"), a decades-long effort to modernize living conditions. The final phase involved overcoming challenges such as limited living space and resident concerns about construction. The city adopted tailored solutions, including demolition and reconstruction, in-house installations, and communal facilities, while also emphasizing resident involvement and addressing individual needs. Official Wang Zhen from the Shanghai Municipal Housing and Construction Commission stated the upgrades are essential for improving the quality of life in Shanghai. The article makes no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: In the first three quarters of the year, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region's imports and exports reached 3.51 trillion yuan, accounting for 10.4% of China's total. Exports reached a record high of 1.07 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.2%, maintaining growth for six consecutive months. Private enterprises are the main force in stabilizing foreign trade, accounting for 46.6% of the region's total export value. Trade diversification continued, with exports to Belt and Road countries reaching 621.56 billion yuan, accounting for 57.9% of the region's total exports.
Summary: The 2025 China National Computer Congress (CNCC) opened in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, on October 23rd, focusing on "Digital Intelligence Empowerment, Infinite Possibilities." Organized by the China Computer Federation and hosted by Harbin Engineering University and Harbin Institute of Technology, the conference aims to explore advancements and future trends in digital intelligence technology. The event features over 150 forums across nine thematic areas, including AI foundation models and data management for AI. The congress intends to promote the deep integration of computing technology with economic and social development. Guo Xiaolong from this newspaper reported on the event.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to provide a concise and accurate summary for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
Summary: An engineer from the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, discussed the research being conducted on the Chang'e-6 lunar samples. The team's research focuses on the dichotomy between the near and far sides of the moon and has led to discoveries about the age of volcanic lava and the presence of carbonaceous chondrite fragments. These findings contribute to understanding the moon's geological evolution and provide data for future lunar resource utilization. The team plans to continue researching the lunar samples in the next five-year plan, focusing on the differences between the near and far sides of the moon. The article did not mention United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: A research team led by Zhang Le is analyzing 3.5 grams of lunar soil brought back by the Chang'e-6 mission to understand the moon's evolution billions of years ago. The team has quickly produced initial findings thanks to a combination of sustained prior research, collaborative efforts, and a bold approach to innovation. The unique lunar samples from the far side of the moon are considered a significant achievement, contributing to global lunar research. Chinese scientists are committed to further original research and tackling key technologies in space exploration. The article does not mention United States, or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: According to a representative from "Only Henan: Drama City," a theater park, the park has received approximately 50 million visitors in the past four years, with 1.05 million visitors during the recent National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays. The park uses digital technology to immerse audiences in Henan's culture. The park is supported by local government policies, which encourage collaboration between tech companies and the scenic area to promote immersive technology applications. The representative hopes to further integrate culture and technology, rooted in Chinese civilization, to tell Henan and China's stories. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The "World Mayor Dialogue·Dunhuang" forum was held in Dunhuang, Gansu, focusing on "Civilization Symphony, Harmony and Resonance". Mayors and representatives from 10 countries gathered to discuss opportunities and challenges in cultural city governance. Participants like Tigran Poghossyan, head of Garni community in Armenia, and Massimo Andreoli, representative of the Mayor of Venice, highlighted the importance of cultural preservation and international cooperation. Dunhuang's mayor, Zhu Jianjun, engaged with international counterparts on topics like green development and smart cities. The forum showcased Dunhuang's efforts in digital preservation and cultural tourism.
Summary: Wuhu's Fanchang district in Anhui province is intensifying efforts to collect rice straw during the rice harvest, converting it into fertilizer, feed, and fuel. This initiative aims to enhance the comprehensive utilization rate of rice straw. The provided image shows agricultural machinery bundling and loading rice straw in Pingpu Town on October 23rd. The article does not mention any specific officials or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The Ministry of Natural Resources released the "China Mineral Resources Report (2025)" at the 2025 China International Mining Conference, revealing that geological exploration investment reached 115.994 billion yuan in 2024, marking four consecutive years of growth. The report highlighted significant breakthroughs in oil, gas, copper, iron, and lithium exploration, as well as the discovery of 150 new mineral deposits across the country. Fixed-asset investment in mining increased by 10.5% and production of various metals and energy minerals reached record highs. China also implemented new national and industry standards for mineral resources and initiated major science and technology projects in deep-earth exploration.
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Summary: Since its establishment in October 2021, the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has focused on ecological protection and high-quality development, improving its management system through multi-dimensional promotion and collaboration. The park has seen growth in its flagship species, the Hainan gibbon, and implemented ecological restoration projects. The park's ecosystem production value (GEP) has steadily increased, and community co-construction and sharing models have been implemented to benefit local residents. The park is also actively promoting its cultural brand and seeking recognition as a world heritage site, while also facilitating ecotourism. The article does not mention any discussion of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: This article emphasizes that high-quality development is the primary task for building a modern socialist country and discusses the intrinsic relationship between high-quality development and high-efficiency governance, viewing them as mutually reinforcing drivers for realizing the Chinese dream. It highlights Xi Jinping's instructions on coordinating development and security, stressing the importance of addressing imbalances and external challenges like protectionism and geopolitical competition, presumably including those involving the U.S.. The article also advocates for institutional innovation, prioritizing people's needs, promoting collaborative governance, and leveraging technological advancements to enhance governance capabilities and support high-quality development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. It does not mention any U.S. officials or their Chinese counterparts who accompanied Xi Jinping during his inspection tours, but it does discuss the impact of external competition from "individual western countries" on global supply chains.
Summary: The article emphasizes the significance of Xi Jinping's concept of "common values of humanity" (全人类共同价值) – peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom – as a means of addressing global challenges and promoting a shared future for humanity. It argues that these values represent a consensus across different civilizations and nations, contrasting them with Western "universal values" (普世价值), which it claims are based on self-interest. The author asserts that the "common values" embrace both commonality and respect for differences, aiming to unite the world in addressing shared challenges without imposing a single ideology. It stresses the importance of upholding these values to contribute to world peace, development, and a better future for all, implicitly positioning China as a leader in this effort. There is no explicit mention of the United States.
Summary: The article commemorates the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's retrocession to China, emphasizing the historical resistance of the Taiwanese people against Japanese colonial rule. It highlights the sacrifices made by Taiwanese compatriots in their fight to return to the motherland and their participation in the broader Chinese war effort against Japan. The article details instances of armed resistance and cultural preservation efforts by Taiwanese people to maintain their Chinese identity under Japanese occupation, underlining their desire to be reunited with China. It recounts the joy and celebration that followed Japan's surrender in 1945 and Taiwan's official return to Chinese sovereignty on October 25th of that year, emphasizing the renewed sense of national pride felt by the Taiwanese. The article frames Taiwan's retrocession as a victory for all Chinese people and an integral part of the post-World War II international order.
Summary: The article emphasizes the historical significance of Taiwan's retrocession to China in 1945, framing it as a crucial step in China's resurgence after a period of national humiliation and a victory in the global anti-fascist struggle. It asserts that Taiwan's return restored China's territorial integrity and national dignity, correcting the injustice of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. The piece argues that the retrocession is deeply tied to the post-World War II international order, citing the Cairo Declaration and Potsdam Proclamation. It criticizes the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in Taiwan for distorting history and rejects the "Taiwan's status is undetermined" argument, viewing it as a challenge to the post-war order. The author is identified as the Director and Professor of the Cross-Strait Relations Research Center at Renmin University of China.
Summary: A poetry recital was held in Taipei's Zhongshan Hall to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's retrocession. Various sectors of Taiwanese society gathered to commemorate the event, with speakers emphasizing the historical significance of Taiwan's return to the mainland after Japanese colonial rule. Events have been organized by Taiwanese groups to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan and Taiwan's retrocession, highlighting the shared history of resistance against foreign aggression. Former KMT Chairman Ma Ying-jeou criticized the DPP authorities, including Lai Ching-te, for downplaying the history of Taiwan's retrocession and appeasing Japan.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to provide an accurate and concise summary tailored for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
Summary: The article discusses China's efforts to manage sediment in the Yellow River through water and sediment regulation (调水调沙), a practice involving coordinated reservoir operations to flush sediment downstream. This involves real-time monitoring and digital twin technology, notably at the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, to optimize water flow and minimize flood risk. The effort has also led to research to understand and minimize the impact on aquatic life. Through 31 operations over 20 years, over 3.5 billion tons of sediment have been moved, lowering the riverbed by 3.1 meters on average. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in this article.
Summary: The 2025 China-Japan-South Korea-Australia Migratory Bird Conservation Working Group meeting in Dongying, Shandong, highlighted China's achievements in bird conservation. Protected bird species have increased by nearly 50% during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, with populations of endangered species like the red-crowned crane and Baer's pochard experiencing growth. China has also strengthened protection and restoration efforts along migratory bird flyways and cracked down on illegal wildlife trade through the "Qingfeng Action." The National Forestry and Grassland Administration stated these policies and measures have led to improvements in ecosystem health.
Summary: The China South-to-North Water Diversion Group Co., Ltd. reports that the South-to-North Water Diversion project has transferred over 83 billion cubic meters of water to northern China, benefiting 195 million people in 48 cities. The water loss rate in the central route has been reduced from the designed 10% to approximately 3%. The group has established a water quality safety system, upgrading the monitoring parameters at the Taocha station to ensure water quality meets or exceeds national standards. The water diversion project is expanding to rural areas as supporting infrastructure improves.
Summary: Inner Mongolia's Alxa League has initiated its autumn afforestation efforts, aiming to plant 560,000 mu (approximately 92,300 acres) of trees by the end of December. This initiative brings the total area of desertification control in Alxa League to over 100 million mu (approximately 16.5 million acres) since the "Three-North Shelterbelt Project" began in 1978. The region is utilizing drought-resistant native shrubs and grasses in its afforestation efforts. Alxa League also promotes the integration of sand control with sand-based industries. This allows local farmers and herders to participate in project construction and management, thus improving the economy.
Summary: During China's 14th Five-Year Plan, Qinghai Province invested 12.6 billion yuan in clean heating projects, including coal-to-electricity and geothermal heating. The projects covered 37.74 million square meters, increasing the clean heating rate by 13% and benefiting over one million people. This resulted in significant reductions in standard coal usage, carbon dioxide emissions, and nitrogen oxide emissions.
Summary: China launched its largest domestically produced ten-thousand-ton pure electric bulk carrier, named "Gezhouba," in Yichang, Hubei. The ship represents a breakthrough in pure electric power and intelligent technology application, marking a crucial step in the green and intelligent development of China's inland shipping. The "Gezhouba" has a maximum deadweight of over 13,000 tons, a total power of 24,000 kWh from 12 lithium battery packs, and a range of 500 km. The launch occurred at the 2025 Green Energy Development Conference. The article does not allude to the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The Beijing Garden City Research Center was established in Beijing to conduct systematic research on the major theoretical and practical issues of building a garden city in the capital. The center was jointly initiated by the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscape Architecture and Greening and the Party School of the Beijing Municipal Committee (Beijing Administrative College). Other commissions and bureaus also contributed to the formation of this theoretical research platform. The center aims to create a high-level innovation platform integrating teaching, research, and decision-making consultation. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to be able to provide a summary tailored for professional analysts of Chinese politics, focusing on key statements, accompanying officials, and any relevance to the United States or U.S.-China relations, all within the five-sentence limit.
Summary: China International Water & Electric Corp. (CWE), a subsidiary of China Communications Construction Group (CCCG), is celebrating 70 years of international cooperation in the hydropower sector, originating from a foreign aid organization under the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power in the 1950s. CWE has built over 800 projects in more than 80 countries and regions, focusing on hydropower and clean energy projects within the Belt and Road Initiative, including projects in Guinea, Sudan and Kazakhstan. CWE emphasizes green development, local talent cultivation, and social responsibility in its projects. The company's efforts in Laos were also highlighted, with mention made of the support that CWE has provided for schools in the country. No explicit mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations was made.
Summary: A new model called "shared manufacturing" is being implemented in Hebei Province, allowing SMEs to utilize advanced manufacturing equipment from larger enterprises. This initiative aims to promote resource sharing, reduce costs, improve efficiency, and foster collaborative industrial development. The province has outlined six sharing pathways covering the entire manufacturing chain to integrate manufacturing, service, and innovation capabilities among businesses, leading to the construction of 168 shared factories. One example is the Tangshan Baichuan Robotics shared manufacturing plant, which allows companies to produce robots without investing in equipment. Another is the establishment of shared irradiation facilities in Ningjin County, a major cable production base, which reduces processing costs for SMEs.
Summary: The article discusses the "shared intelligent manufacturing" (共享智造) initiative in Hebei province, which aims to address challenges faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing specialized industrial clusters. This initiative focuses on sharing production resources, technology, and services to improve resource allocation and flexibility. By breaking down resource barriers and innovation channels, SMEs can access advanced equipment and expertise, leading to increased R&D, patent applications, and sales. The model promotes a win-win ecosystem where larger enterprises empower smaller ones, fostering mutual growth. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to accurately provide a short summary tailored for professional analysts of Chinese politics. I will focus on the key aspects you requested, including official statements, accompanying personnel, and any relevance to the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: China's efforts in rural revitalization, guided by the "Two Mountains" theory (绿水青山就是金山银山), are showcasing sustainable development through eco-tourism and cultural preservation. Nineteen Chinese villages have been recognized by the UN Tourism Organization as "Best Tourism Villages," demonstrating a balance between ecological protection, economic growth, and cultural heritage. These villages are developing unique industries like eco-agriculture and cultural tourism, offering models for global rural sustainability. The integration of traditional aesthetics with modern infrastructure is enhancing the quality of life and cultural vibrancy in these rural areas. China's commitment to agricultural and rural modernization, as emphasized by the 20th Fourth Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee, aims to contribute further insights to global sustainable rural development.
Summary: South Africa's GDP grew by 0.8% in the second quarter of 2023, driven by growth in mining, manufacturing, agriculture and household consumption. Despite challenges like unstable power supply and debt, President Ramaphosa emphasizes expanding trade cooperation with BRICS and other emerging markets. However, the U.S. imposition of 30% tariffs on South African exports, especially affecting automotive and agricultural products, adds uncertainty to the country's economic outlook. The country is actively diversifying its trade through the African Continental Free Trade Area and increasing agricultural exports to Vietnam and China. A South African expert notes the country has shown resilience and has broad development prospects when cooperating with other global south countries.
Summary: Many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany are facing succession challenges as their owners reach retirement age without suitable successors. A significant number of SME owners, estimated at 231,000, are considering closing their businesses by the end of the year due to this issue. This trend, driven by an aging SME owner population and a reluctance among younger generations to take over family businesses, threatens German employment and its overall economic standing. The German government has implemented measures to facilitate succession, but their effectiveness has been limited. Experts are calling for urgent government action to enhance the attractiveness of SMEs to potential successors.
Summary: A China-Cyprus-Europe media forum was held in Nicosia, Cyprus, focusing on strengthening media cooperation to improve China-Cyprus and China-Europe relations. Over one hundred representatives from China, Cyprus, and other European countries discussed topics including media's social responsibility and AI's impact, resulting in a forum declaration. Chinese Ambassador to Cyprus Liu Yantao emphasized the importance of deepening media exchange to promote China-Cyprus and China-Europe cooperation. Cypriot parliament speaker Dimitrious stated in a video address that media exchange is conducive to deepening the relationship between the two countries. The forum highlighted the importance of media collaboration to foster mutual trust and reduce misunderstandings in China-Europe relations.
Summary: Inner Mongolia Shuangxin Environmental Protection Material Co., Ltd. (Shuangxin Environmental Protection) focuses on technological innovation in the green chemical industry, specifically developing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) industrial chain. The company has achieved 252 patents and has independently undertaken major scientific research projects. Shuangxin Environmental Protection is also focused on import substitution, including the domestic production of PVC polymerization environmental protection additives and PVA optical film. The company has been recognized with several awards, including being named a national-level specialized and new "little giant" enterprise, and is building a circular economy industrial chain to promote green, sustainable development.
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Summary: An article discusses a returned ceramic eye from a Buddha statue at the Yungang Grottoes, a relic from the Liao-Jin period that highlights cultural exchange and evolving artistic concepts. The eye was acquired by American collector and later museum director,史协和 (Shi Xiehe, also known as Laurence Sickman), in 1932 and gifted to archaeologist 宿白 (Su Bai) in recognition of his work on grotto temples.宿白 then facilitated its return to the Yungang Grottoes in 1985, deeming it a rare artifact in a letter to 吕济民 (Lu Jimin), then head of the National Cultural Heritage Administration. The article details how the eye's craftsmanship reflects a shift from painted eyes to inlaid eyes in Buddhist sculptures, influenced by both Chinese and foreign traditions, and also mentions the potential involvement of 王世襄 in drafting a letter of gratitude to Sickman. The artifact represents a small piece of U.S.-China academic exchange.
Summary: The article portrays Yogyakarta, Indonesia, as a city where tradition and modernity coexist harmoniously, highlighting its rich Javanese culture and historical landmarks along the Yogyakarta Axis, recently recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site. It emphasizes the city's cultural heritage through descriptions of traditional ceremonies, crafts like batik and wayang kulit (leather puppetry), and the daily life of its residents. The author encounters local artists and residents who express pride in their cultural identity and welcome visitors, including some foreigners who come specifically to study local art forms. The piece does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article describes the Mara River, a crucial location for the annual East African animal migration between the Masai Mara and Serengeti. During the rainy season (March-June), the river's water level doubles, turning the crossing into a perilous event due to the presence of thousands of hippos and crocodiles. Despite the relatively narrow width of the river at crossing points (around 20 meters), the "crossing of paradise" becomes a life-or-death struggle as migrating animals risk attacks while trying to cross. The author describes witnessing the hippos and crocodiles in the river during the dry season, and contemplates the dangers faced by the migrating animals. The animals must balance the needs of the old and weak with the perils posed by predators and swift currents.
Summary: The Vakhtangov Theatre from Russia presented productions of *Eugene Onegin* and *Uncle Vanya* in Beijing, showcasing the depth of Russian literature and theater. The article highlights the influence of the late Lithuanian director Rimas Tuminas on Chinese theater, particularly his productions of *Eugene Onegin* and *Faust*. *Uncle Vanya*, a representative work of Tuminas which won the Golden Mask Award in 2009, was performed in China for the first time, underscoring the appeal of the Chinese stage to Russian theater artists. Tuminas's staging of *Eugene Onegin* is noted for its poetic interpretation of Pushkin's verses and the director's use of "fantasy realism" to convey emotional depth. The productions aim to reflect reality through artistic imagination, creating a compelling theatrical experience for the audience.
Summary: Please provide the article you want me to summarize. I need the text of the article to be able to provide a summary that meets your specific requirements.
Summary: The Shanghai Fashion Week for Spring/Summer 2026, co-organized by Oriental International (Holding) Co., Ltd., showcased Chinese fashion and design, emphasizing Shanghai's role as an international fashion hub. The event included runway shows in historical landmarks and emerging spaces, exhibitions, and forums, including one focused on helping Chinese brands "go global." A related forum explored how various sectors could use "new Chinese style" for global expansion. International collaborations included support for Chinese design from Harrods, and a Mercedes-Benz art exhibition. The event also featured a Kerry Group award focused on sustainable innovation in the beauty and fashion industries.
Summary: The article reports on Beijing's efforts to improve elderly care and childcare services, focusing on community-based facilities and affordability. Beijing has been increasing the supply of elderly care and childcare services by embedding them within communities, offering subsidies for facility upgrades and affordability. The city is also expanding affordable childcare options and providing financial support to families and childcare centers. To ensure quality and safety, Beijing is also implementing stricter regulations and enhancing training for caregivers in both elderly care and childcare sectors.
Summary: The article discusses the increasing problem of electric bike owners illegally installing high-intensity headlights, causing safety hazards for other drivers and pedestrians. It argues that these modifications, driven by a desire for better visibility at night or when speeding, often involve substandard products and unregulated installation. To address this, the article calls for clearer national standards for electric bike lights, stricter oversight of sales and modification channels, and public education on the dangers of such modifications, as well as improvements to street lighting to address the perceived need for brighter lights. Local governments are beginning to create regulations on electric bikes, but enforcement is still a challenge. There is no mention of U.S.-China relations.
Summary: 重庆 is leveraging a digitized immunization information system to improve vaccine delivery and coverage. The system provides smart reminders, electronic consent forms, and double verification of vaccination information, achieving over 98% vaccination rates for children in the last three years. Targeted services include mobile vaccination clinics for rural populations, extended hours for workers, and HPV vaccination programs for girls, with subsidies from the Chongqing government. The city also implements a three-tiered referral system for children with special health conditions, and is working with Sichuan to ensure vaccinations are safe. Chongqing authorities plan to optimize vaccination sites, expand adult vaccination clinics, promote vaccination prescriptions from general practitioners and develop electronic vaccination certificates.
Summary: The article discusses the launch of the 12327 national railway supervision hotline, operated by the National Railway Administration, to handle complaints, suggestions, and policy inquiries related to railway safety, quality, and market order. This hotline is intended to supplement the 12306 customer service hotline, which is operated by China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. and focuses on ticket reservations and other customer services. The article also provides recommendations from a doctor on how to nap in a healthy way. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to provide an accurate and concise summary for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
Summary: Qinghai province has transformed its agricultural sector by capitalizing on its high-altitude, cool climate to cultivate "cold-season vegetables," now a major agricultural product, with 700,000 tons exported last year. Local governments support this industry by providing technology, such as pest monitoring systems and water-saving irrigation, while also developing new vegetable varieties. To ensure quality and efficient distribution, the province has established local standards, built storage facilities, and streamlined processing. Cold-season vegetables from Haidong are even being exported, with bell peppers going to Russia and potatoes to Kyrgyzstan, making it a booming industry for the local farmers. There is no discussion of the United States or U.S.-China relations in this article.
Summary: The article emphasizes the need to bolster the resilience of China's agricultural sector in the face of increasingly frequent and severe weather events. It argues that while China has made progress in ensuring stable grain production, further improvements are necessary in infrastructure, technology, and emergency response mechanisms. The piece stresses the importance of strengthening agricultural reserves, enhancing the adaptive capacity of farmers, and proactively addressing vulnerabilities in disaster preparedness. Ultimately, the goal is to safeguard grain production and protect farmers' interests by turning every plot of land into a field effectively resistant to risks. It does not mention U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Urumqi County, Xinjiang is experiencing a large-scale onion harvest across nearly 20,000 acres. The onion harvest has become a key industry for increasing the income of locals. Villagers in areas like Tuoli Township are actively involved in bagging the harvested onions. No U.S.-China relations or U.S. involvement are mentioned in the article.
Summary: An upgraded S219 highway in Zhejiang's Pujiang county is facilitating rural revitalization and common prosperity by connecting agricultural production with urban markets. The road links Pujiang with neighboring Yiwu, Tonglu, and Jiande, fostering regional collaboration and boosting village collective incomes. Pujiang has established cross-regional collaborations including joint tourism initiatives and agricultural sales, with the goal of increasing incomes for rural residents. Pujiang, Tonglu, and Jiande have formed the "S219 Common Prosperity Alliance" to jointly develop tourism resources and markets. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The city of Dazhou in Sichuan province is focusing on revitalizing rural areas by supporting "new farmers" (新农人). Liu Xiaogang, a former teacher, returned to his village to breed Jiuyuan black chickens, leading to increased incomes for local farmers. Dazhou is creating platforms and parks for these new farmers, and Dazhu County is implementing a "one village, one CEO" plan to attract talent. Fu Jianzhong, a former executive, became CEO of Guangzi Village and is integrating agriculture with tourism. A Dazhou official stated that the city supports these new farmers, enabling them to contribute to rural revitalization.
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Summary: The 2025 China Outdoor Sports Industry Conference was held in Yunnan Province, marking the third consecutive year it has been held there, and aiming to promote the province as an outdoor sports hub. The conference, themed "Go Outdoors, Move Brilliantly," sought to unlock consumption potential, integrate industries, and promote cultural exchange. Yunnan has released a series of supporting policies, and plans to build four major outdoor sports destinations. By the end of 2025, the total scale of sports and related industries in Yunnan Province will exceed 100 billion yuan. The article does not mention U.S.-China relations or the United States.
Summary: The author discusses the revised edition of their biography on Wu Shi, a largely unacknowledged hero who provided critical intelligence to the CCP before his execution in Taiwan in 1950. The book details Wu Shi's contributions to the CCP victory and his personal sacrifices. It highlights his deep concern for Taiwan, referencing his early advocacy for its recovery and his later efforts to contribute to the CCP's cause on the island. Wu Shi's decision to go to Taiwan to work for the CCP reflects a commitment to national reunification.
Summary: Zhang Qingguo's non-fiction work, *Green Flames*, chronicles cultural resistance during the Second Sino-Japanese War by focusing on the experiences of individuals in education, literature, and other fields who relocated to China's interior. The book depicts the resilience of intellectuals and ordinary citizens alike who maintained their work and spirit despite hardship. Zhang conducted extensive historical research and traveled across 15 provinces to create a narrative that bridges historical events with contemporary perspectives. He emphasizes the perseverance of those who continued education, art, and journalism amidst the war, embodying the spirit of resistance. The book's title is derived from a poem about the resilience of Chinese civilization during wartime, symbolizing the enduring passion and cultural vitality.
Summary: Wan An's new crime novel, *Gui'an: A Detective's Notes on Solving a 23-Year-Old Case*, about a former detective who organizes an unofficial team to solve a cold case, has become a bestseller. The novel deviates from typical crime fiction by focusing on the protagonist's unwavering dedication to justice rather than extraordinary intellect. The author, a real-life detective, draws on true cases to depict authentic police work and complex human motivations behind criminal behavior. *Gui'an*'s popularity suggests a continued demand for compelling genre fiction that explores themes beyond simple plot twists. The article does not mention United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The author details their decade-long journey researching and writing a biography of Li Bing, the Qin Dynasty official credited with constructing the Dujiangyan irrigation system. Faced with scant historical records, the author expanded their focus, coming to view "Li Bing" not just as an individual, but as a collective of individuals, including the many who improved and maintained the system over centuries. The article emphasizes the contributions of post-1949 hydraulic engineers who modernized Dujiangyan, and looks forward to future development. There is no discussion of the United States or of U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: This article summarizes the foreword to a book titled "Lakes of China," which explores 100 different types of lakes across China, showcasing their geographical distribution, formation, ecological environment, and historical culture. The book uses photography, models, biological maps, and digital art incorporating traditional Chinese colors to present a comprehensive view of China through its lakes. It highlights the diverse roles lakes play, from supporting ecosystems to reflecting urban life and aiding water management. The author emphasizes the book's aim to offer a window into China through the lens of its lakes, revealing their ecological and cultural significance. There is no discussion of the United States or US-China relations in this article.
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Summary: This appears to be a masthead or contact information for a book review section ("dushu," meaning "reading" or "books") of the People's Daily newspaper. It lists the email address for submissions and credits the page design to Shen Yiling. There is no mention of specific political figures, events, or analysis, nor any reference to the United States or U.S.-China relations. Therefore, a summary focused on those elements is not possible.
The plenary session proposed the main goals for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period: significant achievements in high-quality development, a substantial increase in the level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, new breakthroughs in further comprehensively deepening reform, a marked improvement in the level of social civilization, a continuous improvement in the quality of people's lives, new and significant progress in the construction of a Beautiful China, and a more solid national security barrier. Based on this, and after another five years of hard work, by 2035, China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, comprehensive national strength, and international influence will have greatly increased, per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, people's lives will be happier and better, and socialist modernization will be basically achieved.
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), October 23rd. Communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党)
(Adopted on October 23, 2025, at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党))
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) was held in Beijing (北京) from October 20th to 23rd, 2025.
Present at the plenary session were 168 members of the Central Committee and 147 alternate members of the Central Committee. Members of the Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (中央纪律检查委员会) and leading comrades from relevant departments attended the meeting as observers. Some grassroots comrades and experts and scholars who are representatives to the 20th National Congress of the Party also attended the meeting as observers.
The plenary session was presided over by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. Xi Jinping (习近平), General Secretary of the Central Committee, delivered an important speech.
The plenary session listened to and discussed the work report delivered by Xi Jinping (习近平) entrusted by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and deliberated and approved the "Proposals of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development." Xi Jinping (习近平) gave explanations to the plenary session on the "Proposals (Draft for Discussion)."
The plenary session fully affirmed the work of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee since the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party. It unanimously agreed that the Political Bureau of the Central Committee has conscientiously implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, adhered to the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, fully and accurately implemented the new development concept, coordinated the overall layout of the "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan," coordinated the strategic layout of the "Four Comprehensives," coordinated the overall domestic and international situations, coordinated development and security, further comprehensively deepened reform, solidly promoted high-quality development, promoted socialist democracy and the rule of law, strengthened ideological and cultural work, effectively grasped people's livelihood security and ecological environmental protection, safeguarded national security and social stability, carried out in-depth study and education on implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulation, comprehensively and strictly governed the Party in depth, strengthened the modernization of national defense and the military, did a good job in Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) work and Taiwan (台湾) work, deeply promoted major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, and promoted the continuous recovery and improvement of the economy. The main goals and tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan" are about to be successfully completed. The grand commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War greatly boosted national spirit, stimulated patriotic enthusiasm, and gathered the strength to struggle.
The plenary session highly evaluated the major achievements made in China's development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. The development process of China during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period was extremely unusual and extraordinary. Facing the complex and volatile international situation and the arduous and heavy domestic reform, development, and stability tasks, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, overcame difficulties, forged ahead, withstood the severe impact of the century-long pandemic, effectively responded to a series of major risks and challenges, and promoted new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached new levels, Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, and a good start has been made in the new journey towards the second centenary goal.
The plenary session pointed out that realizing socialist modernization is a historical process of step-by-step advancement and continuous development and progress, which requires unremitting efforts and continuous struggle. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for laying the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization, and it holds an important position of linking the past and opening up the future in the process of basically realizing socialist modernization. During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, China's development environment will face profound and complex changes, and China's development is in a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing. China's economic foundation is stable, its advantages are numerous, its resilience is strong, and its potential is great. The supporting conditions and basic trends for long-term improvement have not changed. The advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the advantages of a super-large-scale market, the advantages of a complete industrial system, and the advantages of abundant human resources are even more prominent. The whole Party must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards," maintain strategic focus, enhance the confidence to win, actively recognize changes, respond to changes, and seek changes, dare to struggle, be good at struggling, and be brave in facing major tests with high winds and rapid waves or even stormy seas, overcome difficulties, fight risks, and meet challenges with a historical initiative spirit, concentrate efforts on doing our own things well, continue to write new chapters in the two major miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and strive to create a new situation in the construction of Chinese-style modernization.
The plenary session emphasized that economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period must adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Important Thought of "Three Represents," and the Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, focus on building a strong socialist modern country in all respects and realizing the second centenary goal, comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, coordinate the overall layout of the "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan," coordinate the strategic layout of the "Four Comprehensives," coordinate the overall domestic and international situations, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, adhere to the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, adhere to taking economic construction as the center, taking the promotion of high-quality development as the theme, taking reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, taking meeting the people's growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, and taking comprehensive and strict Party governance as the fundamental guarantee, promote the effective improvement of the quality and the reasonable growth of the quantity of the economy, promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all the people to take solid steps, and ensure that decisive progress is made in basically realizing socialist modernization.
The plenary session pointed out that economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period must follow the following principles: adhere to the Party's overall leadership, adhere to putting the people first, adhere to high-quality development, adhere to comprehensively deepening reform, adhere to combining an effective market and a capable government, and adhere to coordinating development and security.
The plenary session proposed the main goals for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period: significant achievements in high-quality development, a substantial increase in the level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, new breakthroughs in further comprehensively deepening reform, a marked improvement in the level of social civilization, a continuous improvement in the quality of people's lives, new and significant progress in the construction of a Beautiful China, and a more solid national security barrier. Based on this, and after another five years of hard work, by 2035, China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, comprehensive national strength, and international influence will have greatly increased, per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, people's lives will be happier and better, and socialist modernization will be basically achieved.
The plenary session proposed to build a modern industrial system and consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy. We must adhere to focusing on the real economy as the focus of economic development, adhere to the direction of intelligence, greening, and integration, accelerate the construction of a manufacturing powerhouse, a quality powerhouse, an aerospace powerhouse, a transportation powerhouse, and a cyber powerhouse, maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, and build a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone. We must optimize and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries and future industries, promote the high-quality and efficient development of the service industry, and build a modern infrastructure system.
The plenary session proposed to accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, and lead the development of new quality productive forces. We must seize the historical opportunities of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, coordinate the construction of a strong country in education, a strong country in science and technology, and a strong country in talent, enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, comprehensively enhance independent innovation capabilities, seize the commanding heights of scientific and technological development, and continuously generate new quality productive forces. We must strengthen original innovation and breakthroughs in key core technologies, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, and deepen the construction of Digital China (数字中国).
The plenary session proposed to build a strong domestic market and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern. We must adhere to expanding domestic demand as a strategic base point, adhere to closely combining benefiting people's livelihoods and promoting consumption, investing in things and investing in people, lead new supply with new demand, create new demand with new supply, promote the virtuous interaction between consumption and investment, supply and demand, and enhance the endogenous power and reliability of the domestic grand cycle. We must vigorously boost consumption, expand effective investment, and resolutely eliminate the bottlenecks and obstacles hindering the construction of a unified national market.
The plenary session proposed to accelerate the construction of a high-level socialist market economic system and enhance the driving force for high-quality development. We must adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, better leverage the guiding role of economic system reform, improve the macroeconomic governance system, and ensure that high-quality development is stable and far-reaching. We must fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities, accelerate the improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of factors of production, and enhance the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance.
The plenary session proposed to expand high-level opening to the outside world and create a new situation of win-win cooperation. We must steadily expand institutional opening up, safeguard the multilateral trading system, expand international circulation, promote reform and development through opening up, and share opportunities and develop together with countries around the world. We must actively expand autonomous opening up, promote innovative development of trade, expand the space for two-way investment cooperation, and jointly build the "Belt and Road" with high quality.
The plenary session proposed to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and solidly promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. We must adhere to taking the solution of the "San Nong" (三农) issue as the top priority of the Party's work, promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, continue to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, promote the basic conditions for modern life in rural areas, and accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country. We must enhance the comprehensive production capacity and quality and efficiency of agriculture, promote the construction of livable, business-friendly, and beautiful villages, and improve the effectiveness of policies to strengthen agriculture, benefit agriculture, and enrich farmers.
The plenary session proposed to optimize the regional economic layout and promote coordinated regional development. We must leverage the superimposed effects of regional coordinated development strategies, major regional strategies, major function-oriented zoning strategies, and new urbanization strategies, optimize the layout of major productive forces, leverage the role of key regional growth poles, and build a regional economic layout and a territorial space system with complementary advantages and high-quality development. We must enhance the coordination of regional development, promote regional linkage development, optimize the pattern of territorial space development, deepen the people-oriented new urbanization, and strengthen the development, utilization, and protection of the ocean.
The plenary session proposed to stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation and promote the prosperity and development of socialist culture. We must adhere to the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, be rooted in the broad and profound Chinese civilization, adapt to the development trend of information technology, develop socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the new era with strong ideological leadership, spiritual cohesion, value appeal, and international influence, and solidly promote the construction of a strong cultural country. We must promote and practice the core socialist values, vigorously promote cultural undertakings, accelerate the development of the cultural industry, and enhance the communication and influence of Chinese civilization.
The plenary session proposed to increase efforts to guarantee and improve people's livelihoods and solidly promote the common prosperity of all the people. We must adhere to doing our best and acting according to our capabilities, strengthen inclusive, basic, and bottom-line livelihood construction, solve the urgent, difficult, and worrying problems of the people, unblock channels for social mobility, and improve the quality of people's lives. We must promote high-quality and full employment, improve the income distribution system, run education that satisfies the people, improve the social security system, promote the high-quality development of the real estate industry, accelerate the construction of a Healthy China, promote the high-quality development of the population, and steadily promote the equalization of basic public services.
The plenary session proposed to accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development and build a Beautiful China. We must firmly establish and practice the concept that green mountains and clear waters are invaluable assets, take carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as the traction, coordinate the promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, build a solid ecological security barrier, and enhance the driving force for green development. We must continue to deepen the prevention and control of pollution and the optimization of ecosystems, accelerate the construction of a new energy system, actively and steadily promote and achieve carbon peaking, and accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyles.
The plenary session proposed to promote the modernization of the national security system and capabilities and build a higher-level Peaceful China. We must unswervingly implement the overall national security concept, follow the path of socialist social governance with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that society is vibrant and orderly. We must improve the national security system, strengthen the construction of national security capabilities in key areas, improve the level of public safety governance, and improve the social governance system.
The plenary session proposed to achieve the centenary goal of the army on schedule and promote the modernization of national defense and the military with high quality. We must implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) thinking on strengthening the military, implement the military strategic guideline for the new era, adhere to the Party's absolute leadership over the people's army, implement the chairman responsibility system of the Central Military Commission, follow the new "three-step" strategy for the modernization of national defense and the military, promote political building of the military, strengthening the military through reform, strengthening the military through science and technology, strengthening the military through talent, and governing the military according to law, fighting, preparing for war, and building at the same time, accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization, and improve the strategic capability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests. We must accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities, promote the modernization of military governance, and consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities.
The plenary session emphasized that the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country should unite and strive to achieve the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must adhere to leading social revolution with the Party's self-revolution, unswervingly promote comprehensive and strict Party governance, enhance the Party's political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, improve the Party's ability and level to lead economic and social development, and gather tremendous strength for promoting Chinese-style modernization. We must adhere to and strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, promote socialist democracy and the rule of law, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the entire society to devote themselves to the construction of Chinese-style modernization. We must promote the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门), promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, promote the great cause of national reunification, and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
The plenary session pointed out that studying and implementing the spirit of the plenary session is a major political task for the entire Party and the entire country in the current and future periods. We must organize the study, explanation, and publicity of the spirit of the plenary session through various means, so that the entire Party and the entire society can understand the spirit of the plenary session well. We must effectively grasp the implementation of the spirit of the plenary session, unswervingly promote high-quality development, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, promote the common prosperity of all the people to take solid steps, better coordinate development and security, coordinate the promotion of economic construction and work in various fields, and lay a solid foundation for basically realizing socialist modernization.
The plenary session emphasized that to govern a country, one must first govern the Party, and only when the Party is strong can the country be strong. The more effective the Party's governance, the more powerful the guarantee for economic and social development. We must unswervingly promote comprehensive and strict Party governance with the perseverance and dedication of always being on the road, resolutely implement the requirements of the Party's self-revolution, promote the normalization and long-term effectiveness of the Party's work style construction, unswervingly carry out the anti-corruption struggle, and provide a strong guarantee for achieving the goals of economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.
The plenary session analyzed the current situation and tasks, and emphasized resolutely achieving the goals of economic and social development for the whole year. We must continue to accurately implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, focus on stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations, stabilize the fundamentals of the economy, and consolidate and expand the momentum of economic recovery and improvement. Macroeconomic policies should continue to exert force and increase force in a timely manner, implement enterprise assistance policies well, deeply implement special actions to boost consumption, ensure the bottom line of "three guarantees" at the grassroots level, and actively and steadily resolve the risk of local government debt.
The plenary session pointed out that we must effectively grasp the security of people's livelihoods, tap potential through multiple channels, strengthen the work of stabilizing jobs and promoting employment, promote the stable employment of key groups, increase efforts to rectify wage arrears, strengthen basic public services, and solve the urgent, difficult, and worrying problems of the people. We must effectively grasp the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, the resettlement of disaster-stricken people, and the work of guaranteeing their lives, and ensure that disaster-stricken people spend the winter warmly.
The plenary session emphasized the need to do a good job in work safety and maintaining stability, to tighten and implement responsibilities for work safety, to strictly implement various regulatory systems, and to resolutely prevent and curb the occurrence of major and serious accidents. Strengthen the whole-chain supervision of food and drug safety. Conduct in-depth investigations to resolve conflicts and disputes, strengthen the overall prevention and control of social security, and crack down on all kinds of illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law. Strengthen public opinion guidance and effectively prevent and resolve ideological risks.
The plenary session decided to appoint Zhang Shengmin (张升民) as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the CPC.
In accordance with the provisions of the Party Constitution, the plenary session decided to fill the vacancies on the Central Committee with alternate members Yu Huiwen (于会文), Ma Hancheng (马汉成), Wang Jian (王健), Wang Xi (王曦), Wang Yonghong (王永红), Wang Tingkai (王庭凯), Wang Xinwei (王新伟), Wei Tao (韦韬), Deng Yiwu (邓亦武), Deng Xiuming (邓修明), and Lu Hong (卢红) as members of the Central Committee.
The plenary session deliberated and approved the review reports of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC on the serious violations of discipline and law by Tang Renjian (唐仁健), Jin Xiangjun (金湘军), Li Shisong (李石松), Yang Fasen (杨发森), and Zhu Zhisong (朱芝松), and deliberated and approved the review reports of the Central Military Commission of the CPC on the serious violations of discipline and law by He Weidong (何卫东), Miao Hua (苗华), He Hongjun (何宏军), Wang Xiubin (王秀斌), Lin Xiangyang (林向阳), Qin Shutong (秦树桐), Yuan Huazhi (袁华智), Wang Chunning (王春宁), and Zhang Fengzhong (张凤中), and confirmed the decisions previously made by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee to expel He Weidong (何卫东), Miao Hua (苗华), Tang Renjian (唐仁健), Jin Xiangjun (金湘军), He Hongjun (何宏军), Wang Xiubin (王秀斌), Lin Xiangyang (林向阳), Qin Shutong (秦树桐), Yuan Huazhi (袁华智), Wang Chunning (王春宁), Li Shisong (李石松), Yang Fasen (杨发森), Zhu Zhisong (朱芝松), and Zhang Fengzhong (张凤中) from the Party.
The plenary session called on the entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, to strive together to basically realize socialist modernization, and to continuously create a new situation in building a strong country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in all respects through Chinese-style modernization.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 23rd (Xinhua) -- The CPC Central Committee will hold a press conference at 10:00 AM on October 24th to introduce and interpret the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. China Media Group, People's Daily Online (人民网), Xinhua Net (新华网), China.com.cn (中国网), and other media outlets will broadcast the press conference live.
Return to TopConcentrating our minds and efforts, continuing the struggle. On October 23rd, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) successfully concluded. This was a very important meeting held on the new journey toward the second centenary goal, and it is of great significance for further uniting the immense strength of the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to strive in unity to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
The plenary session listened to and discussed the work report delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) on behalf of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and fully affirmed the new achievements made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core in uniting and leading hundreds of millions of people to forge ahead courageously and pioneer innovation over the past year. The plenary session focused on studying the issue of the "15th Five-Year Plan" proposals, aiming to better leverage the strategic guiding role of national development plans and promote major breakthroughs in strategic tasks related to the overall situation of Chinese-style modernization. An important achievement of the plenary session was the review and approval of the "Proposals of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中共中央) on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," which is a programmatic document to ensure decisive progress in basically achieving socialist modernization.
The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for consolidating the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically achieve socialist modernization. The "Proposals" adopted by the plenary session accurately grasp the historical position of the development of the Party and the country during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, deeply analyze the profound and complex changes facing China's development environment, and make top-level designs and strategic blueprints for the next five years of development. The "Proposals" adhere to goal orientation and problem orientation, adhere to systematic thinking, adhere to further comprehensively deepening reform, and adhere to expanding opening up to the outside world. The guiding principles are scientific and accurate, the main goals are clear and definite, and the tasks and measures are realistic and pragmatic. This is another general mobilization and general deployment to take advantage of the situation and continue to promote the construction of Chinese-style modernization. It embodies the historical initiative of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core to unite and lead the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to continue writing new chapters in the two major miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and strive to create a new situation in the construction of Chinese-style modernization. It will inevitably have a major and far-reaching impact on the development of the Party and the country.
Building a socialist modern country in all respects embodies the Chinese nation's long-cherished aspirations and expectations, and is the consistent theme of the Communist Party of China's (中国共产党) struggle. Looking back at the extraordinary and remarkable development process during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, facing the complex and volatile international situation and the arduous and heavy domestic reform, development, and stability tasks, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee (党中央), we have overcome difficulties and forged ahead, responding to various uncertainties with the certainty of high-quality development. The Party's creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness have been significantly improved, and China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached new levels. The main goals and tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan" are about to be successfully completed, Chinese-style modernization has taken new and solid steps, and the new journey toward the second centenary goal has achieved a good start. The new major achievements made by the Party and the country are fundamentally due to the leadership and direction of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, and to the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想). Practice has fully proven that the "Two Establishments" (两个确立) are of decisive significance for us to cope with various risks and challenges and promote the construction of Chinese-style modernization.
Achieving socialist modernization is a historical process of step-by-step advancement and continuous development and progress. The plenary session proposed that the "15th Five-Year Plan" period has an important position of linking the past and opening up the future in the process of basically achieving socialist modernization, which is a judgment made based on the historical tasks that the "15th Five-Year Plan" period should undertake. The entire Party must coordinate the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the major changes unseen in a century in the world, accurately grasp the general trend of China's development in the next five years, maintain strategic focus, enhance confidence in victory, actively recognize changes, respond to changes, and seek changes, dare to struggle and be good at struggling, and be brave in facing the major tests of high winds and rough seas or even turbulent waves. With the historical initiative, we will overcome difficulties, fight risks, and meet challenges, concentrate our efforts on doing our own things well, and continue to advance the great cause of Chinese-style modernization.
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (党的二十大) determined the central task of the Party on the new journey in the new era, and made strategic arrangements for the "two-step" strategy of building a strong socialist modern country in all respects. The plenary session grasped the basic positioning and stage-by-stage requirements of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, and made systematic plans and strategic deployments for economic and social development in the next five years. To conscientiously study, implement, and carry out the spirit of the plenary session, we must focus on the central task, keep our original aspiration and mission firmly in mind, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, coordinate and promote the "five-sphere integrated plan" (五位一体) overall layout, coordinate and promote the "four-pronged comprehensive strategy" (四个全面) strategic layout, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, adhere to taking economic construction as the center, taking the promotion of high-quality development as the theme, taking reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, taking meeting the people's growing needs for a better life as the fundamental goal, and taking comprehensive and strict Party governance as the fundamental guarantee, promote the effective improvement of the quality and the reasonable growth of the quantity of the economy, promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all the people to take solid steps, and lay a more solid foundation for achieving socialist modernization as scheduled.
Adhering to and strengthening the Party's overall leadership is the fundamental guarantee for promoting Chinese-style modernization. The plenary session clarified the principles that must be followed for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, and the first one is to adhere to the Party's overall leadership. We must resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee (党中央) and run the Party's leadership through all aspects and the entire process of economic and social development. We must improve the Party's ability and level to lead economic and social development, firmly grasp the important principles of adhering to the people-centered approach, adhering to high-quality development, adhering to comprehensively deepening reform, adhering to the combination of an effective market and a capable government, and adhering to the coordination of development and security, promote the sustained and healthy development of the economy and the comprehensive progress of society, so that the fruits of modernization construction can benefit all the people more and more fairly, and make Chinese-style modernization have the most reliable, the most profound, and the most lasting source of power.
Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is a great cause unprecedented in history. To turn the blueprint for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period depicted by the plenary session into reality, the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country must think in one direction and work together. Let us unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想), deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments" (两个确立), strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses" (四个意识), strengthen the "Four Confidences" (四个自信), and achieve the "Two Safeguards" (两个维护), seize the day and live it to the fullest, and strive to hand in a more outstanding answer sheet on the new journey of Chinese-style modernization!
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 刘志强 王 浩
From October 20th to 23rd, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (党的二十届四中全会) was held in Beijing (北京), reviewing and adopting the "Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" 《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》. During the meeting, some of the delegates were interviewed by reporters. Everyone unanimously stated that this plenary session was a very important meeting held at a crucial period for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, and it will surely inspire the entire party and people of all ethnic groups across the country to seize the momentum and continue to advance the construction of Chinese-style modernization.
The "14th Five-Year Plan" period was an extremely unusual and extraordinary period in China's development history. The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire party and people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, promoting new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. The delegates believed that the fundamental reason for these major achievements lies in the leadership and direction of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, and in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想).
"The extraordinary journey of the '14th Five-Year Plan' period once again proves that General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) is indeed the strongest helmsman for the Party and the country in the face of turbulent waves, and the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) is indeed the most reliable backbone for the Chinese people when storms strike." Xu Lin (徐麟), member of the Central Committee and Secretary of the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee (贵州省委书记), believes that on the road ahead, as long as we firmly support the "Two Establishments" (“两个确立”) and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards" (“两个维护”), we will be able to calmly respond to any high waves or major challenges and be invincible.
"The series of major achievements during the '14th Five-Year Plan' period were achieved in a complex and volatile environment, and against the backdrop of withstanding the severe impact of the century-long pandemic and effectively responding to a series of major risks and challenges, fully demonstrating the power of truth and the great power of practice of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想), and further enhancing our confidence and determination to accelerate the advancement of Chinese-style modernization," said Yin Yong (殷勇), member of the Central Committee and Mayor of Beijing (北京市市长).
Chinese-style modernization is a journey of continuous progress. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for laying the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically achieve socialist modernization. The delegates stated that the plenary session's top-level design and strategic blueprint for the next five years will surely have a significant and far-reaching impact on the development of the cause of the Party and the country.
"General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech at the plenary session and the 'Suggestions' passed by the plenary session profoundly answered a series of directional, fundamental, and major questions on how to ensure decisive progress in basically achieving socialist modernization during the '15th Five-Year Plan' period, demonstrating a broad vision for examining the overall situation, an extraordinary courage to overcome difficulties, a way of responding to changes by upholding principles and innovating, a strategic determination to achieve long-term success, and a value orientation of benefiting the people, which collectively embody the wisdom of the entire Party and the will of the people across the country, and point out the direction and path for China's development in the next five years," said Zheng Shanjie (郑栅洁), member of the Central Committee and Director of the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委主任).
"General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) explained the 'Suggestions (Draft for Discussion)' to the plenary session, putting forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, new judgments, and new requirements, further pointing out the direction and providing fundamental guidelines for economic and social development," said Zhang Yuozhuo (张玉卓), member of the Central Committee and Director of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (国务院国资委主任). The plenary session further emphasized taking reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, demonstrating China's unwavering determination to advance reform.
"The 'Suggestions' passed by the plenary session is a programmatic document guiding the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country, fully embodying the historical initiative of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core to unite and lead the entire party and people of all ethnic groups across the country to continue writing new chapters of the two great miracles and strive to create a new situation in Chinese-style modernization," said Liu Ning (刘宁), member of the Central Committee and Secretary of the Henan Provincial Party Committee (河南省委书记).
The blueprint has been drawn, and the key lies in hard work. The delegates unanimously stated that they must conscientiously study and implement the spirit of the plenary session, be down-to-earth, and work diligently to ensure decisive progress in basically achieving socialist modernization.
Economic construction is the central task of the Party. Zheng Shanjie (郑栅洁) stated that the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委) will, with a high sense of political responsibility and mission, conscientiously study and deeply understand General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech and the spirit of the plenary session, anchor the main goals and major strategic tasks of economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, and take one step at a time to translate the strategic deployment of the Party Central Committee into action and see it take effect.
"State-owned enterprises are an important material and political foundation of socialism with Chinese characteristics." Zhang Yuzhuo (张玉卓) stated that the Party Committee of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (国务院国资委党委) will conscientiously convey and study the spirit of the plenary session, quickly set off a wave of learning, publicizing, and implementing it in state-owned assets and central enterprises, continue to promote the strengthening, optimization, and expansion of state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises, give full play to the role of technological innovation, industrial control, and security support, and guide state-owned enterprises to effectively shift the focus of development to enhancing core functions and improving core competitiveness, so as to provide solid strategic support for Chinese-style modernization.
To study and implement the spirit of the plenary session, all regions need to firmly grasp their strategic positioning in the overall national development situation, creatively implement it, and turn the grand blueprint into reality.
Zhou Zuyi (周祖翼), member of the Central Committee and Secretary of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee (福建省委书记), stated that Fujian (福建) will conscientiously study and implement the spirit of the plenary session, resolutely shoulder the responsibility of a major economic province, cultivate innovation momentum, consolidate the foundation of the real economy, promote common prosperity, and better serve the overall national development situation; adhere to promoting integration through connectivity, benefiting people, and emotional ties, promote the construction of a demonstration zone for integrated development across the Taiwan Strait with high quality, better serve the central government's overall work on Taiwan, hold on to the goal without letting go, draw the blueprint to the end, and strive to write a new chapter of a new Fujian (福建) with a flexible mechanism, superior industries, rich people, and beautiful ecology, and strive to be a pioneer in the construction of Chinese-style modernization.
Yin Yong (殷勇) stated that during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, Beijing (北京) will firmly establish the awareness of the capital, adhere to the highest standards, consciously serve the overall work of the Party and the country, pay more attention to strengthening the functions of the capital, pay more attention to enhancing innovation momentum, pay more attention to green development, pay more attention to improving people's well-being, and pay more attention to coordinating development and security, and strive to write a new chapter of Beijing's (北京) Chinese-style modernization.
Liu Ning (刘宁) stated that Henan (河南) will take studying, publicizing, and implementing the spirit of the plenary session as an important political task, combine it with thoroughly implementing General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech and important instructions on inspecting Henan (河南), plan well the economic and social development of Henan (河南) during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, work hard and diligently, accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural province, a strong manufacturing province, a strong digital and intelligent province, a strong transportation province, and a strong cultural and tourism province, actively build a strong province in science, education, and technology, and strive to write a new chapter in promoting Chinese-style modernization in the Central Plains.
Xu Lin (徐麟) stated that Guizhou (贵州) will fully implement the various deployments of the "Suggestions," adhere to taking high-quality development as the overall situation, deeply implement the main strategy of focusing on "four new" and attacking "four modernizations" around, strengthen comparative advantages, and strive to blaze a new path of high-quality development that is different from the eastern region and other western provinces, and show a new style of Guizhou (贵州) in the process of Chinese-style modernization.
Chinese-style modernization is a great and arduous undertaking, and it is necessary to unite the mighty force of more than 1.4 billion people and fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the entire society.
"As a scientific researcher, I am fortunate to have listened to the General Secretary's important speech on the spot, and I feel deeply inspired and encouraged. The plenary session proposed 'accelerating high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology to lead the development of new quality productive forces,' which makes me feel that the mission is glorious and the responsibility is great." Zhou Lei (周雷), a nonvoting delegate and Vice President of QuantumCTek (科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司), stated that he will strengthen original innovation and key technology research, promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, continuously achieve new breakthroughs in the field of quantum technology, and make new contributions to accelerating the construction of a strong country in science and technology.
"This plenary session will surely inspire the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation to jointly create a happy and beautiful life, and will surely spur the officers and soldiers of the entire army to focus on achieving the centenary goal of the army." Li Xianyu (李贤玉), alternate member of the Central Committee and researcher at a certain unit of the Rocket Force (火箭军), stated that he will thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the plenary session, accelerate the effective supply of advanced combat capabilities, and unite and strive to achieve the centenary goal of the army as scheduled and accelerate the building of the people's army into a world-class army.
Unity gathers strength, and struggle creates great achievements. The delegates unanimously stated that they will unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, thoroughly study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee and the spirit of the plenary session, and jointly strive to basically achieve socialist modernization, and continuously create a new situation in comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
(Reporters Zhang Yang (张洋) and Zhao Cheng (赵成) of this newspaper participated in the writing)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者
From October 20 to 23, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) was held in Beijing (北京). The meeting reviewed and approved the "Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," outlining a blueprint for China's development in the next five years. Scientific formulation and successive implementation of the Five-Year Plan is an important experience in the governance of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) and an important political advantage of socialism with Chinese characteristics. International figures interviewed by this newspaper believe that China's Five-Year Plan combines continuity and adaptation, unifying top-level design with soliciting opinions from the people, which has played an important role in China's rapid economic development and long-term social stability. It also provides useful reference for other countries to explore development paths. They look forward to the "15th Five-Year Plan" providing new strategic guidance for Chinese-style modernization and providing more certainty and stability for global development.
"An Important Embodiment of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity"
Since the implementation of the first Five-Year Plan in 1953, China has developed from a poor and weak agricultural country into a country with a per capita GDP of more than 13,000 US dollars, a manufacturing added value accounting for nearly 30% of the world, and a comprehensive national strength at the forefront of the world. This is a development miracle unprecedented in human history. A very important reason why China can create such a development miracle is that the centralized and unified leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) has formed the significant institutional advantage of the Five-Year Plan, ensuring that the plan fully reflects the party's strategic intentions in its preparation, and also ensuring that the implementation of the plan can effectively mobilize and gather forces from all parties.
"Since its first implementation, China's Five-Year Plan has been an important institutional arrangement to guide national economic and social development," said Veronica Saraswati, Director of the Indonesian-Chinese Partnership Research Center. The unique value of the Five-Year Plan lies in its forward-looking and overall planning. At the same time, the Five-Year Plan focuses on regional coordination and equitable development. For example, it reduces regional disparities and enhances social resilience through strategies such as the Western Development Strategy, and ensures social stability and people's well-being with the continuity of planning and the implementation of policies. China's historic solution to the problem of absolute poverty is a full embodiment of this institutional advantage.
Luis Fernandez, a senior researcher at the Center for International Economic Research at the University of Havana in Cuba, believes that China's Five-Year Plan is a governance model that ensures the long-term stable development of the national economy. This model is based on in-depth research on the Chinese economy, assesses and analyzes the domestic and foreign development environment and risks and challenges, integrates opinions from all sectors of society, and formulates policies that meet specific development stages, so that national development maintains a clear direction and steady pace in a complex and volatile international environment.
"The most significant advantage of China's Five-Year Plan is that it provides clear and coherent strategic guidance, ensuring the continuity and stability of policies," said Evandro Carvalho, a professor at the Federal Fluminense University in Brazil and an expert on international issues. Unlike the policy swings in some countries due to government changes, China's Five-Year Plan ensures that national development goals are consistent and stable.
Yosuke Deguchi, a professor at Teikyo University in Japan who served as the first director of the Bank of Japan's Beijing (北京) office, has long been concerned about China's economic development. He observed that during the "13th Five-Year Plan" and "14th Five-Year Plan" periods, the Chinese economy gradually shifted to high-quality development while maintaining stable growth. "This fully shows that by clarifying the key economic areas and development goals through the Five-Year Plan, the Chinese economy can grow more efficiently and stably," said Yosuke Deguchi.
Charles Onunaiju, director of the Center for China Studies in Nigeria, said that the Five-Year Plan, as an important way for the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) to govern the country, is an important top-level design to ensure China's rapid economic development and long-term social stability. It can both stimulate market vitality and rationally allocate public resources through government guidance to jointly serve national development goals.
"China's Five-Year Plan is not only an economic development plan, but also an important embodiment of the national governance system and governance capacity," said Tang Zhimin, director of the China-ASEAN Research Center at Panyapiwat Institute of Management in Thailand. The advantage of the Five-Year Plan lies in combining long-term strategy with medium-term flexibility, with the central government coordinating, local governments breaking down tasks, and departments collaborating to play a "national game of chess" (全国一盘棋) (quán guó yī pán qí - "the whole country is one chessboard," to coordinate efforts nationwide), promoting China's economy from high-speed growth to high-quality development, and leading economic structural upgrading through innovation-driven and green transformation.
"Fully Demonstrates the Communist Party of China's Development Thought of Putting the People First"
Through the formulation and implementation of the Five-Year Plan, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) organically unifies strategic goals with development policies and specific measures, ensuring that the party's political ideals and goals are transformed into a beautiful life reality that satisfies the people.
"The Communist Party of China (中国共产党) is good at summarizing experience and has a strong ability to self-reform and maintain vitality. The leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) is the fundamental guarantee that the Five-Year Plan can be consistent and effectively implemented," said Onunaiju. In the early stage, the Five-Year Plan mainly focused on economic development. Over time, the content of improving people's lives and ensuring labor employment has continued to increase. By the "14th Five-Year Plan," the proportion of indicators related to people's well-being exceeded 1/3, "which fully demonstrates the Communist Party of China's development thought of putting the people first."
"The formulation and implementation process of China's Five-Year Plan fully embodies the development thought of putting the people first and the governance philosophy of soliciting opinions from the people. In this process, the opinions of experts, scholars, and ordinary people are incorporated into decision-making considerations, which helps to achieve interest coordination and regional balance," Fernandez believes. This institutional arrangement not only guarantees the scientific and inclusive nature of policies, but also reflects the government's commitment to improving people's livelihoods, narrowing regional and social disparities, and making development results more beneficial to all people.
"The success of China's Five-Year Plan is inseparable from the centralized and unified leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党). The leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) ensures the continuity of national development strategies and forms a policy system with consistent direction and progressive levels," said Saraswati. The Communist Party of China (中国共产党) organically combines central strategies with local exploration in the implementation of the Five-Year Plan, such as Shanghai (上海), Shenzhen (深圳) and other places taking the lead in trying out innovative measures and then promoting them to the whole country, reflecting the flexibility and inclusiveness of the system. The successful experience of China's implementation of the Five-Year Plan fully demonstrates the powerful development momentum released by the combination of scientific planning and institutional advantages under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党).
In Carvalho's view, the formulation process of the Five-Year Plan itself is a vivid embodiment of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) playing a leading role and concentrating the wisdom of all parties. "The plan formulation undergoes full discussion within the party and widely solicits opinions from all sectors of society, and is finally approved by the National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会). This process ensures the scientific and democratic nature of decision-making."
"Provides Valuable Certainty and Stability for Global Development"
The national development planning system characterized by the Five-Year Plan is an important window for observing and understanding "China's governance." It not only contributes Chinese wisdom to the innovation of national governance paradigms, but also provides a Chinese solution with great reference significance for developing countries to promote the modernization process.
"China's Five-Year Plan not only focuses on the domestic situation, but also has a global vision. For example, the setting of green and low-carbon development goals in the '14th Five-Year Plan' is not only China's own transformation commitment, but also a major contribution to global climate governance. In the current situation full of uncertainty, China provides valuable certainty and stability for global development by formulating and implementing medium- and long-term plans," Carvalho believes. The "15th Five-Year Plan" will continue to inject Chinese momentum into the sluggish world economy and provide useful reference for developing countries on how to achieve independent development through strategic planning.
Yosuke Deguchi believes that China's Five-Year Plan provides opportunities for countries around the world to strengthen economic ties with China and share the fruits of China's stable and high-quality economic development.
"China's development experience provides inspiration for many countries: through scientific planning, pragmatic innovation, and inclusive cooperation, it is possible to maintain the stability and forward-looking nature of development in a turbulent and uncertain international environment," Fernandez said. This governance model based on the concept of a shared future provides an important reference for building a multi-polar world order.
"China's Five-Year Plan demonstrates strategic vision and strong stability, which has profound implications for developing countries, including Nigeria, and provides valuable certainty and predictability for global development." In Onunaiju's view, China is a key contributor to global peace and prosperity.
"In May of this year, ASEAN announced a five-year strategic plan aimed at promoting regional economic integration. Regional countries such as Vietnam (越南), Laos (老挝), and Indonesia (印度尼西亚) have also drawn on China's Five-Year Plan development experience to varying degrees. This fully proves that China's Five-Year Plan provides the world with a stable development solution that resolves zero-sum thinking with the concept of shared development," said Tang Zhimin. He looks forward to the "15th Five-Year Plan" further leading China to continue to be a stable anchor for global economic development and adding more confidence and strength to the global market.
(This newspaper Beijing (北京), Jakarta (雅加达), Mexico City (墨西哥城), Rio de Janeiro (里约热内卢), Tokyo (东京), Johannesburg (约翰内斯堡), Bangkok (曼谷) October 23rd dispatch Reporter Jiang Bo (姜波), Cao Shiyun (曹师韵), Xie Jianing (谢佳宁), Chen Yiming (陈一鸣), Zhu Yueying (朱玥颖), Zheng Xiang (郑翔), Yang Yi (杨一))
Return to TopThe plenary session proposed the main goals for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period: significant achievements in high-quality development, a substantial increase in the level of self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology, new breakthroughs in further comprehensively deepening reform, a marked improvement in the level of social civilization, a continuous improvement in the quality of people's lives, new and significant progress in the construction of a beautiful China, and a more solid national security barrier. Based on this, and after another five years of hard work, by 2035, China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, comprehensive national strength, and international influence will have greatly increased, per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, people's lives will be happier and better, and socialist modernization will be basically achieved.
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), October 23rd. The Communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党)
(Adopted on October 23, 2025, at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党))
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) was held in Beijing (北京) from October 20 to 23, 2025.
Present at the plenary session were 168 members of the Central Committee and 147 alternate members of the Central Committee. Members of the Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (中央纪律检查委员会) and leading comrades from relevant departments attended the meeting as non-voting delegates. Some grassroots comrades and experts and scholars who were delegates to the 20th National Congress of the Party also attended the meeting as non-voting delegates.
The plenary session was presided over by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. Xi Jinping (习近平), General Secretary of the Central Committee, delivered an important speech.
The plenary session listened to and discussed the work report delivered by Xi Jinping (习近平) entrusted by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and deliberated and approved the "Suggestions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development." Xi Jinping (习近平) explained the "Suggestions (Draft for Discussion)" to the plenary session.
The plenary session fully affirmed the work of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee since the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party. It unanimously agreed that the Political Bureau of the Central Committee had earnestly implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, adhered to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, fully and accurately implemented the new development concept, coordinated the overall layout of the "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan," coordinated the strategic layout of the "Four Comprehensives," coordinated the domestic and international situations, coordinated development and security, further comprehensively deepened reform, solidly promoted high-quality development, promoted socialist democracy and the rule of law, strengthened ideological and cultural work, effectively grasped the guarantee of people's livelihood and ecological environmental protection, maintained national security and social stability, carried out in-depth study and education on thoroughly implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulation, advanced the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in depth, strengthened the modernization of national defense and the military, did a good job in Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) work and Taiwan (台湾) work, and deeply promoted major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, promoted the continuous recovery and improvement of the economy, and the main goals and tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan" are about to be successfully completed. The grand commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War greatly boosted national spirit, stimulated patriotic enthusiasm, and gathered strength for struggle.
The plenary session highly evaluated the major achievements made in China's development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. The development course of China during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period was extremely unusual and extraordinary. Facing the complex and volatile international situation and the arduous and heavy tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, faced difficulties head-on, forged ahead with determination, withstood the severe impact of the century-long pandemic, effectively responded to a series of major risks and challenges, and promoted new and major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached new levels, Chinese-style modernization has taken new and solid steps, and a good start has been made in the new journey toward the second centenary goal.
The plenary session pointed out that realizing socialist modernization is a historical process of step-by-step advancement and continuous development and progress, which requires unremitting efforts and continuous struggle. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for laying the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization, and it occupies an important position of linking the past and the future in the process of basically realizing socialist modernization. During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, China's development environment will face profound and complex changes, and China's development is in a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing. China's economic foundation is stable, its advantages are numerous, its resilience is strong, and its potential is great. The supporting conditions and basic trends for long-term improvement have not changed. The advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the advantages of a super-large-scale market, the advantages of a complete industrial system, and the advantages of abundant human resources are even more prominent. The whole Party must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards," maintain strategic focus, enhance the confidence to win, actively recognize changes, respond to changes, and seek changes, dare to fight, be good at fighting, and be brave in facing major tests with high winds and rapid waves or even turbulent waves, overcome difficulties, fight risks, and meet challenges with a historical initiative spirit, concentrate efforts on managing our own affairs well, continue to write new chapters in the two major miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and strive to create a new situation in the construction of Chinese-style modernization.
The plenary session emphasized that economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period must adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought (毛泽东思想), Deng Xiaoping Theory (邓小平理论), the important thought of "Three Represents," the Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, focus on building a strong socialist modern country in all respects and realizing the second centenary goal, comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, coordinate the overall layout of the "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan," coordinate the strategic layout of the "Four Comprehensives," coordinate the domestic and international situations, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, adhere to taking economic construction as the center, taking promoting high-quality development as the theme, taking reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, taking meeting the people's growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, and taking comprehensive and strict governance of the Party as the fundamental guarantee, promote the effective improvement of the quality and the reasonable growth of the quantity of the economy, promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all the people to take solid steps, and ensure that decisive progress is made in basically realizing socialist modernization.
The plenary session pointed out that economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period must follow the following principles: adhere to the Party's overall leadership, adhere to putting the people first, adhere to high-quality development, adhere to comprehensively deepening reform, adhere to combining an effective market and a capable government, and adhere to coordinating development and security.
The plenary session proposed the main goals for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period: significant achievements in high-quality development, a substantial increase in the level of self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology, new breakthroughs in further comprehensively deepening reform, a marked improvement in the level of social civilization, a continuous improvement in the quality of people's lives, new and significant progress in the construction of a beautiful China, and a more solid national security barrier. Based on this, and after another five years of hard work, by 2035, China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, comprehensive national strength, and international influence will have greatly increased, per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, people's lives will be happier and better, and socialist modernization will be basically achieved.
The plenary session proposed to build a modern industrial system and consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy. We must adhere to focusing on the real economy as the focus of economic development, adhere to the direction of intelligence, greening, and integration, accelerate the construction of a manufacturing powerhouse, a quality powerhouse, an aerospace powerhouse, a transportation powerhouse, and a cyber powerhouse, maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, and build a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone. We must optimize and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries and future industries, promote the high-quality and efficient development of the service industry, and build a modern infrastructure system.
The plenary session proposed to accelerate high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology and lead the development of new quality productive forces. We must seize the historical opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, coordinate the construction of a strong country in education, a strong country in science and technology, and a strong country in talent, enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, comprehensively enhance independent innovation capabilities, seize the commanding heights of scientific and technological development, and continuously generate new quality productive forces. We must strengthen original innovation and tackle key core technologies, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, and deeply promote the construction of a digital China.
The plenary session proposed to build a strong domestic market and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern. We must adhere to expanding domestic demand as a strategic base point, adhere to closely combining benefiting people's livelihoods and promoting consumption, investing in things and investing in people, leading new supply with new demand, creating new demand with new supply, promoting the virtuous interaction between consumption and investment, supply and demand, and enhancing the endogenous power and reliability of the domestic grand cycle. We must vigorously boost consumption, expand effective investment, and resolutely eliminate the obstacles and blockages that hinder the construction of a unified national market.
The plenary session proposed to accelerate the construction of a high-level socialist market economic system and enhance the driving force for high-quality development. We must adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, better leverage the guiding role of economic system reform, improve the macroeconomic governance system, and ensure that high-quality development is stable and far-reaching. We must fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities, accelerate the improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of factors of production, and enhance the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance.
The plenary session proposed to expand high-level opening to the outside world and create a new situation of win-win cooperation. We must steadily expand institutional opening-up, maintain the multilateral trading system, expand international circulation, promote reform and development through opening-up, and share opportunities and develop together with countries around the world. We must actively expand autonomous opening-up, promote the innovative development of trade, expand the space for two-way investment cooperation, and jointly build the "Belt and Road" with high quality.
The plenary session proposed to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and solidly promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. We must adhere to taking the solution of the "San Nong" (三农) issue (sān nóng - "three rural issues," agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) as the top priority of the Party's work, promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, continue to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, promote the basic conditions for modern life in rural areas, and accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country. We must enhance the comprehensive production capacity and quality and efficiency of agriculture, promote the construction of livable, work-friendly, and beautiful villages, and improve the effectiveness of policies to strengthen agriculture, benefit agriculture, and enrich farmers.
The plenary session proposed to optimize the regional economic layout and promote coordinated regional development. We must leverage the superimposed effects of regional coordinated development strategies, major regional strategies, major function zone strategies, and new urbanization strategies, optimize the layout of major productive forces, leverage the role of key regional growth poles, and build a regional economic layout and territorial space system with complementary advantages and high-quality development. We must enhance the coordination of regional development, promote regional联动 development, optimize the pattern of territorial space development, deeply promote people-oriented new urbanization, and strengthen the development, utilization, and protection of the ocean.
The plenary session proposed to stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation and promote the prosperity and development of socialist culture. We must adhere to the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, be rooted in the broad and profound Chinese civilization, adapt to the development trend of information technology, develop socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the new era with strong ideological leadership, spiritual cohesion, value appeal, and international influence, and solidly promote the construction of a strong cultural country. We must promote and practice the core socialist values, vigorously promote cultural undertakings, accelerate the development of the cultural industry, and enhance the communication and influence of Chinese civilization.
The plenary session proposed to increase efforts to guarantee and improve people's livelihoods and solidly promote the common prosperity of all the people. We must adhere to doing our best and acting according to our capabilities, strengthen inclusive, basic, and safety-net livelihood construction, solve the urgent and difficult problems of the people, unblock social mobility channels, and improve the quality of people's lives. We must promote high-quality and full employment, improve the income distribution system, run education that satisfies the people, improve the social security system, promote the high-quality development of the real estate industry, accelerate the construction of a healthy China, promote the high-quality development of the population, and steadily promote the equalization of basic public services.
The plenary session proposed to accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development and build a beautiful China. We must firmly establish and practice the concept that green waters and green mountains are invaluable assets, take carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as the traction, coordinate the promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, build a solid ecological security barrier, and enhance the momentum of green development. We must continue to deeply promote the tough battle against pollution prevention and control and the optimization of the ecosystem, accelerate the construction of a new energy system, actively and steadily promote and achieve carbon peaking, and accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyles.
The plenary session proposed to promote the modernization of the national security system and capabilities and build a higher-level safe China. We must unswervingly implement the overall national security concept, follow the path of socialist social governance with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that society is vibrant and orderly. We must improve the national security system, strengthen the construction of national security capabilities in key areas, improve the level of public safety governance, and improve the social governance system.
The plenary session proposed to achieve the centenary goal of the military on schedule and promote the high-quality modernization of national defense and the military. We must implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) thinking on strengthening the military, implement the military strategic policy for the new era, adhere to the Party's absolute leadership over the people's army, implement the chairman responsibility system of the Central Military Commission, follow the new "three-step" strategy for the modernization of national defense and the military, promote political building of the military, strengthening the military through reform, strengthening the military through science and technology, strengthening the military through talent, and governing the military according to law, fight, prepare for war, and build at the same time, accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence, and improve the strategic ability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests. We must accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities, promote the modernization of military governance, and consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities.
The plenary session emphasized that the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country should unite and strive to achieve the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must adhere to leading social revolution with the Party's self-revolution, unswervingly promote the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, enhance the Party's political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, improve the Party's ability and level to lead economic and social development, and gather tremendous strength for promoting Chinese-style modernization. We must adhere to and strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, promote socialist democracy and the rule of law, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the whole society to devote themselves to the construction of Chinese-style modernization. We must promote the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门), promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, promote the great cause of national reunification, and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
The plenary session pointed out that studying and implementing the spirit of the plenary session is a major political task for the whole Party and the whole country in the current and future periods. We must organize the study, publicity, and promotion of the spirit of the plenary session through various means, so that the whole Party and the whole society can understand the spirit of the plenary session well. We must effectively grasp the implementation of the spirit of the plenary session, unswervingly promote high-quality development, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, promote the common prosperity of all the people to take solid steps, better coordinate development and security, coordinate the promotion of economic construction and work in various fields, and lay a solid foundation for basically realizing socialist modernization.
The plenary session emphasized that to govern a country, one must first govern the Party, and only when the Party is strong can the country be strong. The more effective the governance of the Party, the more powerful the guarantee for economic and social development. We must unswervingly promote the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party with the perseverance and dedication of always being on the road, resolutely implement the requirements of the Party's self-revolution, promote the normalization and long-term effectiveness of the Party's work style construction, unswervingly carry out the anti-corruption struggle, and provide a strong guarantee for achieving the goals of economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.
The plenary session analyzed the current situation and tasks, and emphasized resolutely achieving the goals of economic and social development for the whole year. We must continue to accurately implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, focus on stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations, stabilize the fundamentals of the economy, and consolidate and expand the momentum of economic recovery and improvement. Macroeconomic policies should continue to exert force and increase force in a timely manner, implement enterprise assistance policies well, deeply implement special actions to boost consumption, ensure the bottom line of "three guarantees" at the grassroots level, and actively and steadily resolve the risks of local government debt.
The plenary session pointed out that we must effectively grasp the guarantee of people's livelihood, tap potential through multiple channels, strengthen the work of stabilizing jobs and promoting employment, promote the stable employment of key groups, increase the efforts to rectify wage arrears, strengthen basic public services, and solve the urgent and difficult problems of the people. We must effectively grasp the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, the resettlement and life guarantee of the affected people, and ensure that the affected people spend the winter warmly.
The plenary session emphasized the need to do a good job in work safety and maintaining stability, to tighten and implement work safety responsibilities, to strictly implement various regulatory systems, and to resolutely prevent and curb the occurrence of major and serious accidents. Strengthen the whole-chain supervision of food and drug safety. Conduct in-depth investigations to resolve conflicts and disputes, strengthen the overall prevention and control of social security, and crack down on all types of illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law. Strengthen public opinion guidance and effectively prevent and resolve ideological risks.
The plenary session decided to appoint Zhang Shengmin (张升民) as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the CPC.
In accordance with the provisions of the Party Constitution, the plenary session decided to fill the vacancies on the Central Committee with alternate members Yu Huiwen (于会文), Ma Hancheng (马汉成), Wang Jian (王健), Wang Xi (王曦), Wang Yonghong (王永红), Wang Tingkai (王庭凯), Wang Xinwei (王新伟), Wei Tao (韦韬), Deng Yiwu (邓亦武), Deng Xiuming (邓修明), and Lu Hong (卢红) as members of the Central Committee.
The plenary session deliberated and approved the review reports of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC on the serious violations of discipline and law by Tang Renjian (唐仁健), Jin Xiangjun (金湘军), Li Shisong (李石松), Yang Fasen (杨发森), and Zhu Zhisong (朱芝松), and deliberated and approved the review reports of the Central Military Commission of the CPC on the serious violations of discipline and law by He Weidong (何卫东), Miao Hua (苗华), He Hongjun (何宏军), Wang Xiubin (王秀斌), Lin Xiangyang (林向阳), Qin Shutong (秦树桐), Yuan Huazhi (袁华智), Wang Chunning (王春宁), and Zhang Fengzhong (张凤中), and confirmed the decisions previously made by the Central Political Bureau to expel He Weidong (何卫东), Miao Hua (苗华), Tang Renjian (唐仁健), Jin Xiangjun (金湘军), He Hongjun (何宏军), Wang Xiubin (王秀斌), Lin Xiangyang (林向阳), Qin Shutong (秦树桐), Yuan Huazhi (袁华智), Wang Chunning (王春宁), Li Shisong (李石松), Yang Fasen (杨发森), Zhu Zhisong (朱芝松), and Zhang Fengzhong (张凤中) from the Party.
The plenary session called on the entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, to strive together to basically realize socialist modernization, and to continuously create a new situation in building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation in all respects through Chinese-style modernization.
Return to TopThe Plenary Session Calls Upon
The entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, strive together to basically realize socialist modernization, and continuously create a new situation in comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
The Plenary Session Fully Affirms the Work of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee Since the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee
The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee has conscientiously implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, adhered to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implemented the new development concept, coordinated the promotion of the "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan," coordinated the promotion of the "Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy," coordinated the overall domestic and international situations, coordinated development and security, further comprehensively deepened reform, solidly promoted high-quality development, promoted socialist democracy and the rule of law, strengthened ideological and cultural work, effectively grasped people's livelihood security and ecological environmental protection, maintained national security and social stability, carried out in-depth study and education on implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulation, comprehensively and strictly governed the Party in depth, strengthened the modernization of national defense and the military, done a good job in Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) work and Taiwan (台湾) work, deeply promoted major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, and promoted the sustained recovery and improvement of the economy. The main goals and tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan" are about to be successfully completed. The grand commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War greatly boosted national spirit, stimulated patriotic enthusiasm, and凝聚奋斗力量 (níng jù fèn dòu lì liàng - "coagulate struggle strength," to gather and concentrate efforts).
The Plenary Session Highly Evaluates the Major Achievements of China's Development During the "14th Five-Year Plan" Period
The development course of China during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period was extremely unusual and extraordinary. Facing the complex and volatile international situation and the arduous and heavy domestic reform, development, and stability tasks, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country,迎难而上 (yíng nán ér shàng - "meet difficulty and go up," to face difficulties head-on) and forge ahead, withstood the severe impact of the century-long pandemic, effectively responded to a series of major risks and challenges, and promoted new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached a new level, Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, and a good start has been achieved in the new journey toward the second centenary goal.
The Important Position of the "15th Five-Year Plan" Period
Realizing socialist modernization is a historical process of step-by-step advancement and continuous development and progress, which requires unremitting efforts and continuous struggle. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for consolidating the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization, and it occupies an important position of承前启后 (chéng qián qǐ hòu - "inherit the past and usher in the future," to bridge the past and the future) in the process of basically realizing socialist modernization.
The Principles That Must Be Followed for Economic and Social Development During the "15th Five-Year Plan" Period
Adhere to the Party's overall leadership, adhere to putting the people first, adhere to high-quality development, adhere to comprehensively deepening reform, adhere to combining an effective market and a capable government, and adhere to coordinating development and security.
The Main Goals of Economic and Social Development During the "15th Five-Year Plan" Period
Significant achievements have been made in high-quality development, the level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement has been greatly improved, new breakthroughs have been made in further comprehensively deepening reform, the level of social civilization has been significantly enhanced, the quality of people's lives has been continuously improved, new major progress has been made in the construction of a beautiful China, and the national security barrier has been further consolidated.
On this basis, after another five years of struggle, by 2035, China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, comprehensive national strength, and international influence will have greatly increased, per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, people's lives will be happier and more beautiful, and socialist modernization will be basically realized.
The Plenary Session Proposes
█ Build a modern industrial system and consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy
Adhere to focusing on the real economy as the focus of economic development, adhere to the direction of intelligence, greening, and integration, accelerate the construction of a manufacturing powerhouse, a quality powerhouse, an aerospace powerhouse, a transportation powerhouse, and a cyber powerhouse, maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, and build a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone. It is necessary to optimize and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries and future industries, promote the high-quality and efficient development of the service industry, and build a modern infrastructure system.
█ Accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, and lead the development of new quality productive forces
Seize the historical opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, coordinate the construction of a strong country in education, a strong country in science and technology, and a strong country in talent, enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, comprehensively enhance independent innovation capabilities, seize the commanding heights of scientific and technological development, and continuously generate new quality productive forces. It is necessary to strengthen original innovation and tackle key core technologies, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, promote the development of education, science and technology, and talent in an integrated manner, and deeply promote the construction of digital China.
█ Build a strong domestic market and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern
Adhere to expanding domestic demand as a strategic base point, adhere to the close combination of benefiting people's livelihood and promoting consumption, investing in things and investing in people, lead new supply with new demand, create new demand with new supply, promote the virtuous interaction between consumption and investment, supply and demand, and enhance the endogenous动力 (dòng lì - "driving force," the power to drive) and reliability of the domestic great cycle. It is necessary to vigorously boost consumption, expand effective investment, and resolutely破除 (pò chú - "break and eliminate," to get rid of) the卡点堵点 (kǎ diǎn dǔ diǎn - "card point block point," bottlenecks and obstacles) that hinder the construction of a unified national market.
█ Accelerate the construction of a high-level socialist market economic system and enhance the动力 (dòng lì - "driving force," the power to drive) of high-quality development
Adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, better发挥 (fā huī - "bring into play," to give full play to) the leading role of economic system reform, improve the macroeconomic governance system, and ensure that high-quality development is stable and far-reaching. It is necessary to fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities, accelerate the improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of factors, and enhance the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance.
█ Expand high-level opening to the outside world and create a new situation of cooperation and win-win
Steadily expand institutional opening up, maintain the multilateral trading system, expand the international cycle, promote reform and development through opening up, and share opportunities and develop together with countries around the world. It is necessary to actively expand autonomous opening up, promote the innovative development of trade, expand the space for two-way investment cooperation, and jointly build the "Belt and Road" with high quality.
█ Accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and solidly promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside
Adhere to taking the solution of the "三农" (sān nóng - "three rural," agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) issue as the top priority of the Party's work, promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, continuously consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, promote the basic conditions for modern life in rural areas, and accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country. It is necessary to enhance the comprehensive production capacity and quality and efficiency of agriculture, promote the construction of livable, workable, and beautiful villages, and improve the effectiveness of policies to strengthen agriculture, benefit agriculture, and enrich farmers.
█ Optimize the regional economic layout and promote coordinated regional development
发挥 (fā huī - "bring into play," to give full play to) the疊加效應 (dié jiā xiào yìng - "superimposed effect," combined effect) of regional coordinated development strategies, major regional strategies, major function zone strategies, and new urbanization strategies, optimize the layout of major productive forces,发挥 (fā huī - "bring into play," to give full play to) the role of key regional growth poles, and build a regional economic layout and territorial space system of complementary advantages and high-quality development. It is necessary to enhance the coordination of regional development, promote regional联动发展 (lián dòng fā zhǎn - "interactive development," interconnected development), optimize the pattern of territorial space development, deeply promote people-oriented new urbanization, and strengthen marine development, utilization, and protection.
█ Stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation and prosper and develop socialist culture
Adhere to the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, be rooted in the broad and profound Chinese civilization, conform to the development trend of information technology, develop a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics that has strong ideological leadership, spiritual凝聚力 (níng jù lì - "cohesive force," the power to unite), value appeal, and international influence, and solidly promote the construction of a strong cultural country. It is necessary to promote and practice socialist core values, vigorously prosper cultural undertakings, accelerate the development of the cultural industry, and enhance the communication and influence of Chinese civilization.
█ Increase efforts to guarantee and improve people's livelihood and solidly promote common prosperity for all
Adhere to doing our best and acting according to our capabilities, strengthen inclusive, basic, and bottom-line livelihood construction, solve the urgent and difficult problems that the people are concerned about,畅通 (chàng tōng - "unimpeded," to clear) social mobility channels, and improve the quality of people's lives. It is necessary to promote high-quality and full employment, improve the income distribution system, run education that satisfies the people, improve the social security system, promote the high-quality development of the real estate industry, accelerate the construction of a healthy China, promote the high-quality development of the population, and steadily promote the equalization of basic public services.
█ Accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development and build a beautiful China
Firmly establish and practice the concept that green waters and green mountains are金山银山 (jīn shān yín shān - "gold mountain silver mountain," invaluable assets), take carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as the traction, coordinate the promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth,筑牢 (zhù láo - "build firmly," to consolidate) the ecological security barrier, and enhance the driving force of green development. It is necessary to continue to deeply promote the tough battle against pollution prevention and control and the optimization of the ecosystem, accelerate the construction of a new energy system, actively and steadily promote and achieve carbon peaking, and accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyle.
█ Promote the modernization of the national security system and capabilities and build a higher level of safe China
Unswervingly implement the overall national security concept, take the road of socialist social governance with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that society is full of vitality and orderly. It is necessary to improve the national security system, strengthen the construction of national security capabilities in key areas, improve the level of public safety governance, and improve the social governance system.
█ Achieve the centenary goal of the army on schedule and promote the modernization of national defense and the military with high quality
Implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) thinking on strengthening the military, implement the military strategic policy for the new era, adhere to the Party's absolute leadership over the people's army, implement the chairman responsibility system of the Central Military Commission, follow the new "three-step" strategy for the modernization of national defense and the military, promote political building of the military, reform and strengthening of the military, strengthening the military through science and technology, strengthening the military through talent, and governing the military according to law, fight, prepare for war, and build at the same time, accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization, and improve the strategic ability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests. It is necessary to accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities, promote the modernization of military governance, and consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 23rd. The Central Propaganda Department (中宣部) convened a teleconference on the evening of the 23rd in Beijing to study, publicize, and implement the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. Li Shulei (李书磊), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of the Central Propaganda Department (中宣部部长), attended the meeting and delivered a speech.
The meeting pointed out that the "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for consolidating the foundation and comprehensively exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization, and it holds an important position of linking the past and opening up the future. The "Recommendations" reviewed and approved by the Plenary Session, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想), accurately grasp the historical position of the development of the Party and the country during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, systematically summarize the major achievements made in China's development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, deeply analyze the profound and complex changes facing China's development environment during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, and make top-level design and strategic planning for the next five years of development. It is another general mobilization and general deployment to take advantage of the momentum and continue to advance the construction of Chinese-style modernization, reflecting the historical initiative of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平同志) at its core to unite and lead the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to continue writing new chapters in the two major miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and strive to create a new situation in the construction of Chinese-style modernization. It will inevitably have a significant and far-reaching impact on the development of the Party and the country.
The meeting emphasized that studying and implementing the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee is a major political task for the entire Party and the entire country in the current and future periods. The propaganda, ideological, and cultural front must deeply study and practice Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture (习近平文化思想), and with a high degree of political consciousness and action consciousness, do a solid and pragmatic job in various tasks such as studying and educating, publicizing and explaining, and implementing the spirit of the Plenary Session, and quickly set off a wave of studying and implementing the spirit of the Plenary Session throughout the Party and society.
Return to TopBy: 威伦·披差翁帕迪
The formulation and implementation of each Five-Year Plan embodies the synergy of top-level design, institutional execution, and social mobilization, enabling China's modernization to possess continuity and predictability.
President Xi Jinping (习近平) once said: "The great way is simple, and practical work is essential." This statement is not only a philosophy of governance but also a key to understanding China's success. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China was able to maintain steady development in a complex international environment precisely because it always adhered to the spirit of practical work, transforming strategic plans into actions and turning long-term goals into tangible results.
The Five-Year Plan is a policy plan and a governance mechanism that combines strategy and execution. It is based on reality, looks to the future, and embodies the wisdom of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) in governing the country. The formulation and implementation of each Five-Year Plan embodies the synergy of top-level design, institutional execution, and social mobilization, enabling China's modernization to possess continuity and predictability. This institutionalized execution allows China to maintain stability in the face of challenges and gain the initiative in the midst of changes, demonstrating governance resilience.
President Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized that family affairs, national affairs, and world affairs all boil down to making people live a happy life as the top priority. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China continued to expand the coverage of public services such as education, healthcare, and elderly care, allowing development results to benefit every family. China's development is not just about cold numbers but about the tangible improvement of people's lives. This people-centered development concept gives China's modernization both speed and warmth.
Against the backdrop of weak global economic recovery and geopolitical tensions, China has steadily promoted structural optimization and industrial upgrading with innovation-driven, green transformation, and open cooperation as its driving forces. Emerging industries such as artificial intelligence, new energy vehicles, robotics, and drones are growing rapidly, becoming new economic drivers and providing Chinese solutions for the sustainable development of human society.
China's approach of combining innovation with people's livelihoods is particularly commendable. The popularization of the digital economy allows ordinary people to enjoy the dividends of technology, and mobile payment, smart logistics, and digital services provide small and medium-sized enterprises with broader development space. This practice of empowering people's livelihoods with technology has become a concrete embodiment of social equity, inclusiveness, and high-quality economic development.
China adhered to high-level opening-up to the outside world during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. From promoting the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港), to optimizing the business environment, to improving foreign investment management, China has continuously expanded cooperation space through institutional innovation, combining the potential of the domestic market with global opportunities, and building a mutually beneficial and win-win open pattern.
Thailand is one of the direct beneficiaries of China's open development. The two countries have deepened cooperation in new energy vehicles, the digital economy, cross-border e-commerce, and other fields, and have achieved remarkable results in agricultural product exports, port construction, and other projects. Taking the Thai-Chinese new energy vehicle cooperation as an example, China's investment has helped Thailand transform from a fuel vehicle assembly center to a new energy vehicle manufacturing center, which not only accelerated Thailand's industrial upgrading but also drove regional green transformation. This cooperation has made the Thai-Chinese partnership closer and added development confidence to the entire ASEAN region.
China's vigorous development of new quality productive forces is a vivid embodiment of the spirit of practical work. China's breakthroughs in new energy, artificial intelligence, intelligent manufacturing, and other fields have not only reshaped its own industrial structure but also provided new growth opportunities for neighboring countries. The completion of the China-Laos Railway (中老铁路) and the prosperous development of the Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Park (泰中罗勇工业园) are vivid examples of China and its partner countries working together. China not only demonstrates "hard power" in infrastructure but also demonstrates "soft power" in green development, financial cooperation, and institutional coordination, making the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" (一带一路) an important platform for Southern countries to share opportunities.
Chinese-style modernization is not only China's success but also the world's opportunity. Chinese practice tells us that true modernization is not a slogan but a down-to-earth struggle; it is not predatory growth but mutually beneficial and win-win development. Chinese-style modernization is a modernization achieved through practical work - it wins the future with action and achieves the world with openness. Looking forward to the "15th Five-Year Plan," I believe that China will continue to lead high-quality development with technological innovation, shape new advantages with green transformation, and expand new patterns with institutional opening-up. I look forward to closer Thai-Chinese economic, trade, tourism, and cultural exchanges, expanding cooperation in aviation, intelligent manufacturing, robotics, and education and scientific research, further optimizing the cooperation ecosystem, and jointly cultivating new quality productive forces.
(The author is the director of the Thailand Asia-Pacific Think Tank)
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 23rd. The spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce stated on the 23rd that, upon agreement between China and the United States, He Lifeng (何立峰), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, will lead a delegation to Malaysia from October 24th to 27th to hold economic and trade consultations with the United States. The two sides will, in accordance with the important consensus reached during the multiple calls between the two heads of state since the beginning of this year, conduct consultations on important issues in Sino-US economic and trade relations.
A reporter asked: Recently, Chinese Vice Premier of the State Council He Lifeng (何立峰) held video calls with US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen and Trade Representative Katherine Tai, and the two sides agreed to hold a new round of Sino-US economic and trade consultations as soon as possible. Does the Ministry of Commerce have any further information? The spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce made the above response.
Return to TopThis newspaper reported from Beijing (北京) on October 23rd (记者丁怡婷): The data released by the National Energy Administration (国家能源局) on the 23rd showed that in September, the total electricity consumption of the whole society was 888.6 billion kWh, an increase of 4.5% year-on-year. By industry, the electricity consumption of the primary industry was 12.9 billion kWh, an increase of 7.3% year-on-year; the electricity consumption of the secondary industry was 570.5 billion kWh, an increase of 5.7% year-on-year; the electricity consumption of the tertiary industry was 176.5 billion kWh, an increase of 6.3% year-on-year; and the electricity consumption of urban and rural residents was 128.7 billion kWh, a decrease of 2.6% year-on-year.
In the first three quarters, the total electricity consumption of the whole society was 7767.5 billion kWh, an increase of 4.6% year-on-year. By industry, the electricity consumption of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries increased by 10.2%, 3.4%, and 7.5% year-on-year, respectively; and the electricity consumption of urban and rural residents increased by 5.6% year-on-year.
Jiang Debin (蒋德斌), Deputy Director of the Statistics and Digital Intelligence Department of the China Electricity Council (中国电力企业联合会), analyzed that the year-on-year growth rates of total electricity consumption in the first, second, and third quarters of this year were 2.5%, 4.9%, and 6.1% respectively, showing a trend of increasing quarter by quarter. The scale and growth rate of total electricity consumption in July and August were high, on the one hand, due to multiple rounds of high-temperature processes driving the maximum electricity load of the whole society to repeatedly hit new highs, and on the other hand, due to the continuous efforts and timely increase of macro policies, the national economy withstood the pressure and continued the stable and progressive development trend.
"A series of policies have driven a significant rebound in the growth rate of electricity consumption in the secondary industry in the third quarter." Jiang Debin (蒋德斌) introduced that in the third quarter, the contribution rate of electricity consumption in the secondary industry to the growth of total electricity consumption in the whole society was 51%, which was the main driving force for the growth of total electricity consumption in the whole society in the third quarter.
In the third quarter, the electricity consumption of high-tech and equipment manufacturing industries increased by 9.5% year-on-year, which was 4.3 percentage points higher than the average growth level of the manufacturing industry in the same quarter, forming a new driving force for electricity consumption growth. Among them, the electricity consumption of the automobile manufacturing industry, the electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, the general equipment manufacturing industry, and the railway/ship/aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industries all achieved double-digit growth, leading the growth rate.
The electricity consumption of the service industry maintained a steady and rapid growth. In the third quarter, the electricity consumption of the tertiary industry increased by 8.3% year-on-year. With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and new infrastructure construction such as charging piles and 5G, the electricity consumption of information transmission/software and information technology service industries and wholesale and retail industries in the third quarter increased rapidly, with year-on-year growth rates of 18.3% and 11.7% respectively.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 张 璁
On October 23rd, the Legislative Affairs Commission of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会法制工作委员会) held a press conference. Spokesperson Wang Xiang (王翔) introduced the main aspects of the draft laws to be deliberated at the 18th session of the 14th National People's Congress Standing Committee.
It was reported that the 18th session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) Standing Committee will be held in Beijing (北京) from October 24th to 28th. This session of the Standing Committee will deliberate on the draft revision of the Maritime Law, the draft amendment to the Organic Law of Villagers Committees, the draft revision of the Organic Law of Urban Residents Committees, the draft amendment to the Cybersecurity Law, the draft amendment to the Environmental Protection Tax Law, the draft compilation of the Ecological Environment Code on Pollution Prevention and Control, and the draft compilation of the Ecological Environment Code on Legal Liabilities and Supplementary Provisions; deliberate on the proposal of the Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大监察和司法委员会) to submit the draft Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Law for deliberation; and deliberate on the proposal of the State Council (国务院) to submit the draft Farmland Protection and Quality Improvement Law for deliberation, among other matters.
Wang Xiang (王翔) stated that in order to actively adapt to the development trends of maritime judicial practice, absorb and draw on the spirit of the latest international conventions, and reasonably balance the interests and demands of relevant parties, the third draft revision of the Maritime Law is proposed to be amended as follows based on the opinions of all parties: First, to add provisions for inquiries into the registration status of ship ownership; second, to improve the rules on the order of priority for the payment of ship mortgages; third, to add provisions requiring timely notification to the shipper when no one claims the goods at the port of discharge; fourth, to delete the presumption rules for identifying the carrier; and fifth, to add relevant countermeasure clauses, etc.
Grassroots governance is the cornerstone of national governance, and grassroots democracy is an important component of whole-process people's democracy. The second draft amendment to the Organic Law of Villagers Committees and the draft revision to the Organic Law of Urban Residents Committees add provisions regarding the work of village committees and neighborhood committees to "adhere to and develop whole-process people's democracy, and adhere to the combination of self-governance, rule of law, and rule of virtue." At the same time, it is proposed to further enrich the responsibilities of village committees and neighborhood committees, stipulate the establishment of "committees for the work of the elderly, women, and children," care for and love "the elderly, (left-behind) children," and "assist in mediating property disputes."
"Artificial intelligence brings unprecedented development opportunities, but also unprecedented risks and challenges." Wang Xiang (王翔) introduced that, according to the opinions of all parties, it is proposed to further improve the draft amendment to the Cybersecurity Law, including responding to the needs of artificial intelligence governance and promoting development, adding a framework provision on the safety and development of artificial intelligence. The main contents include: supporting basic research on artificial intelligence theory and the research and development of key technologies such as algorithms, promoting the construction of artificial intelligence infrastructure, improving artificial intelligence ethics norms, strengthening safety risk monitoring and assessment, innovating and strengthening artificial intelligence safety supervision, and promoting the healthy development of artificial intelligence.
Regarding the amendment to the Environmental Protection Tax Law, the draft amendment to the Environmental Protection Tax Law proposes the following main amendments: First, to put forward requirements for accelerating pilot work; and second, to clarify the submission of legislative amendment proposals within the pilot period.
Wang Xiang (王翔) introduced that, according to the opinions of all parties, the second draft revision of the Ecological Environment Code on Pollution Prevention and Control proposes to enrich the overall requirements for pollution prevention and control work, and add content on improving the quality of the ecological environment and ensuring public health. At the same time, it will improve the standards for the prevention and control of volatile organic compound pollution, strengthen the prevention and control of air pollution from heavy-duty trucks and the supervision of emission testing fraud by motor vehicles and ships, and clarify the supervision and inspection requirements for the air pollutant emission status of ships. The second draft revision of the Ecological Environment Code on Legal Liabilities and Supplementary Provisions proposes to further implement the principle of proportionality between offenses and penalties, and to balance the legal liabilities between similar illegal acts.
Regarding the draft Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Law submitted for initial deliberation at this session of the Standing Committee, Wang Xiang (王翔) introduced that the main contents of the draft include: First, clarifying the areas of cases and the principles for handling cases; second, clarifying the jurisdiction of procuratorial public interest litigation; third, reasonably allocating the powers of procuratorial organs to handle cases; fourth, standardizing and improving pre-litigation procedures; and fifth, stipulating trial and execution procedures.
In addition, the press conference also reported on other situations.
This year marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区). Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (党的十八大), Xinjiang (新疆) has further strengthened and improved local legislative work, and has run the respect and protection of human rights through the entire process and all aspects of legislation. As of now, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区) has 173 currently effective local regulations, 54 regulatory resolutions and decisions on major matters, and 204 currently effective local regulations and separate regulations in various cities divided into districts, autonomous prefectures, and autonomous counties, laying a solid foundation for maintaining social stability and long-term peace and security in Xinjiang (新疆), and promoting high-quality development.
This year also marks the 10th anniversary of the establishment of grassroots legislative liaison points by the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会法工委). As of now, the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会法工委) has a total of 54 grassroots legislative liaison points, covering 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, driving the people's congresses at the provincial and municipal levels to establish more than 7,800 grassroots legislative liaison points, soliciting more than 66,000 opinions on 214 draft laws, draft legislative plans, and record review work, many of which have been adopted, allowing the people's "golden ideas" to board the "direct train."
Return to TopZhang Shengmin (张升民), male, Han ethnicity, born in August 1958, from Wugong (武功), Shaanxi (陕西) Province, joined the army in February 1978, joined the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) in July 1979, with a postgraduate degree from the Central Party School (中央党校).
Currently serving as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission (中共中央军事委员会), member of the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国中央军事委员会), Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (中央纪律检查委员会), Secretary of the Central Military Commission Discipline Inspection Commission (中央军委纪律检查委员会) and Director, Party Secretary of the Central Military Commission Supervision Commission (中央军委监察委员会), holding the rank of General in the Rocket Force (火箭军).
(Xinhua News Agency (新华社) Beijing (北京), October 23rd)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者
From October 20 to 23, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) was held in Beijing (北京). The meeting reviewed and approved the "Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," outlining a blueprint for China's development in the next five years. Scientific formulation and successive implementation of five-year plans is an important experience in the governance of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) and an important political advantage of socialism with Chinese characteristics. International figures interviewed by this newspaper believe that China's five-year plans combine continuity and adaptation, unifying top-level design with soliciting opinions from the people, playing an important role in China's rapid economic development and long-term social stability, and providing useful references for other countries to explore development paths. They look forward to the "15th Five-Year Plan" providing new strategic guidance for the development of Chinese-style modernization and providing more certainty and stability for global development.
"An Important Embodiment of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity"
Since the implementation of the first five-year plan in 1953, China has developed from a poor and weak agricultural country into a country with a per capita GDP of more than 13,000 US dollars, a manufacturing added value accounting for nearly 30% of the world, and a comprehensive national strength ranking among the top in the world. This is a development miracle unprecedented in human history. A very important reason why China can create such a development miracle lies in the centralized and unified leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), which has formed the significant institutional advantage of the five-year plan, ensuring that the plan fully reflects the party's strategic intentions in its preparation, and also ensuring that the implementation of the plan can effectively mobilize and gather forces from all parties.
"Since its first implementation, China's five-year plan has been an important institutional arrangement guiding the country's economic and social development," said Veronika Saraswati, Director of the Indonesian-Chinese Partnership Research Center. The unique value of the five-year plan lies in its forward-looking and overall planning. At the same time, the five-year plan focuses on regional coordination and equitable development, for example, by narrowing regional disparities and enhancing social resilience through strategies such as the Western Development Strategy, and ensuring social stability and people's well-being through the continuity of the plan and the implementation of policies. China's historic solution to the problem of absolute poverty is a full embodiment of this institutional advantage.
Luis Fernandez, a senior researcher at the Center for International Economic Research at the University of Havana in Cuba, believes that China's five-year plan is a governance model that ensures the long-term stable development of the national economy. This model is based on in-depth research on the Chinese economy, assesses and analyzes domestic and foreign development environments and risks and challenges, integrates opinions from all sectors of society, and formulates policies that are in line with specific stages of development, so that national development maintains a clear direction and steady pace in a complex and volatile international environment.
"The most significant advantage of China's five-year plan is that it provides clear and coherent strategic guidance, ensuring the continuity and stability of policies," said Evandro Carvalho, professor at the Federal Fluminense University of Brazil and an expert on international issues. Unlike the policy swings caused by government changes in some countries, China's five-year plan ensures that the country's development goals are consistent and stable.
Yosuke Deguchi, a professor at Teikyo University in Japan who previously served as the first director of the Bank of Japan's Beijing (北京) office, has long followed China's economic development. He observed that during the "13th Five-Year Plan" and "14th Five-Year Plan" periods, the Chinese economy gradually shifted to high-quality development while maintaining stable growth. "This fully shows that by clarifying key economic areas and development goals through the five-year plan, the Chinese economy can grow more efficiently and stably," said Yosuke Deguchi (露口洋介).
Charles Onunaiju, director of the Center for China Studies in Nigeria, said that the five-year plan, as an important way for the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) to govern the country, is an important top-level design to ensure China's rapid economic development and long-term social stability, which can both stimulate market vitality and rationally allocate public resources through government guidance to jointly serve national development goals.
"China's five-year plan is not only an economic development plan, but also an important embodiment of the national governance system and governance capacity," said Tang Zhimin, director of the China-ASEAN Research Center at Panyapiwat Institute of Management in Thailand. The advantage of the five-year plan lies in combining long-term strategy with medium-term flexibility, with the central government coordinating, local governments decomposing, and departments collaborating, playing a good "national game of chess," promoting China's economy from high-speed growth to high-quality development, and leading the upgrading of the economic structure through innovation-driven and green transformation.
"Fully Demonstrates the Communist Party of China's Development Thought of Putting the People First"
Through the formulation and implementation of the five-year plan, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) organically unifies strategic goals with development policies and specific measures, ensuring that the party's political ideals and goals are transformed into a beautiful life reality that satisfies the people.
"The Communist Party of China (中国共产党) is good at summarizing experience and has a strong ability to self-reform and maintain vitality. The leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) is the fundamental guarantee that the five-year plan can be consistently and effectively implemented," said Onunaiju. In the early stage, the five-year plan mainly focused on economic development. With the passage of time, the content of improving people's lives and ensuring labor employment has continued to increase. By the "14th Five-Year Plan," the proportion of indicators related to people's well-being exceeded 1/3, "which fully demonstrates the Communist Party of China's (中国共产党) development thought of putting the people first."
"The formulation and implementation process of China's five-year plan fully embodies the development thought of putting the people first and the governance philosophy of soliciting opinions from the people. In this process, the opinions of experts, scholars and ordinary people are incorporated into decision-making considerations, which helps to achieve interest coordination and regional balance," Fernandez believes that this institutional arrangement not only guarantees the scientific and inclusive nature of policies, but also reflects the government's commitment to improving people's livelihood, narrowing regional and social disparities, and making development results more beneficial to all people.
"The success of China's five-year plan is inseparable from the centralized and unified leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党). The leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) ensures the continuity of the national development strategy and forms a policy system with consistent direction and progressive levels," said Saraswati. The Communist Party of China (中国共产党) organically combines the central strategy with local exploration in the implementation of the five-year plan, such as Shanghai (上海), Shenzhen (深圳) and other places taking the lead in trying out innovative measures, and then promoting them to the whole country, reflecting the flexibility and inclusiveness of the system. The successful experience of China's implementation of the five-year plan fully demonstrates the powerful development momentum released by the combination of scientific planning and institutional advantages under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党).
In Carvalho's view, the formulation process of the five-year plan itself is a vivid embodiment of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) playing a leading role and concentrating the wisdom of all parties. "The plan formulation undergoes full discussion within the party and widely solicits opinions from all sectors of society, and is finally approved by the National People's Congress. This process ensures the scientific and democratic nature of decision-making."
"Provides Valuable Certainty and Stability for Global Development"
The national development planning system characterized by the five-year plan is an important window for observing and understanding "China's governance," which not only contributes Chinese wisdom to the innovation of national governance paradigms, but also provides a Chinese solution with great reference significance for developing countries to promote the modernization process.
"China's five-year plan not only focuses on the domestic situation, but also has a global vision. For example, the setting of green and low-carbon development goals in the '14th Five-Year Plan' is not only China's own transformation commitment, but also a major contribution to global climate governance. In the current situation full of uncertainty, China provides valuable certainty and stability for global development by formulating and implementing medium- and long-term plans," Carvalho believes that the "15th Five-Year Plan" will continue to inject Chinese momentum into the sluggish world economy and provide useful references for developing countries on how to achieve independent development through strategic planning.
Yosuke Deguchi (露口洋介) believes that China's five-year plan provides opportunities for countries around the world to strengthen economic ties with China and share the fruits of China's stable and high-quality economic development.
"China's development experience has provided inspiration for many countries: through scientific planning, pragmatic innovation and inclusive cooperation, it is possible to maintain the stability and forward-looking nature of development in a turbulent and uncertain international environment," Fernandez said that this governance model based on the concept of a common future provides an important reference for building a multipolar world order.
"China's five-year plan demonstrates strategic vision and strong stability, which has profound implications for developing countries, including Nigeria, and provides valuable certainty and predictability for global development." In Onunaiju's view, China is a key contributor to global peace and prosperity.
"In May of this year, ASEAN announced a five-year strategic plan aimed at promoting regional economic integration, and regional countries such as Vietnam (越南), Laos (老挝), and Indonesia (印度尼西亚) have also drawn on China's five-year plan development experience to varying degrees. This fully proves that China's five-year plan provides the world with a stable development plan that resolves zero-sum thinking with the concept of shared development," said Tang Zhimin. He looks forward to the "15th Five-Year Plan" further leading China to continue to be a stable anchor for global economic development, adding more confidence and strength to the global market.
(Reported on October 23 from Beijing (北京), Jakarta (雅加达), Mexico City (墨西哥城), Rio de Janeiro (里约热内卢), Tokyo (东京), Johannesburg (约翰内斯堡), and Bangkok (曼谷) by reporters Jiang Bo (姜波), Cao Shiyun (曹师韵), Xie Jianing (谢佳宁), Chen Yiming (陈一鸣), Zhu Yueying (朱玥颖), Zheng Xiang (郑翔), and Yang Yi (杨一))
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 23rd - The State Council has appointed and removed national personnel.
Tan Quan (谭权) has been appointed as Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Public Security (公安部); Duan Yijun (段毅君) has been appointed as Director of the State Administration for Religious Affairs (国家宗教事务局); Gao Xiang (高翔) has been appointed as President of Dalian University of Technology (大连理工大学) (Vice-Ministerial Level).
Duan Yijun (段毅君) is removed from the post of Vice Minister of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission (国家民族事务委员会); Wang Dongwei (王东伟) is removed from the post of Vice Minister of the Ministry of Finance (财政部); Chen Ruifeng (陈瑞峰) is removed from the post of Director of the State Administration for Religious Affairs (国家宗教事务局); Jia Zhenyuan (贾振元) is removed from the post of President of Dalian University of Technology (大连理工大学); Wang Shuxin (王树新) is removed from the post of President of Chongqing University (重庆大学).
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 田 泓
"For over 40 years, three generations of my family lived in small, precast concrete panel houses. In the past, going out to empty the chamber pot in winter would make us shiver from the cold. I always dreamed of having a spacious and clean home. This demolition and reconstruction allows us to move into new houses with independent kitchens and bathrooms, truly solving a long-standing problem for generations."
On October 23, Zhang Zhong (张忠), a resident of Lane 1039, Huangxing Road, Yangpu District (杨浦区) in Shanghai (上海), came to the old house renovation site. Looking at the completed pile foundations, he began to look forward to moving into a new home and saying goodbye to the life of carrying a chamber pot.
Following the historic completion of large-scale old area renovations in 2022, which solved the problem of concentrated "chamber pots," after two years of hard work, with the early completion of the renovation task for 6,493 households with "chamber pots" this year, Shanghai (上海) generally completed the "chamber pot" renovation task by the end of September.
Cannot Walk Towards Modernization Carrying a Chamber Pot
In many photos and TV dramas reflecting the life of Shanghai (上海) residents, there are scenes of Shanghai (上海) people emptying chamber pots in the early morning. On February 18, 1994, the reporter wrote in the communication "Small Chamber Pots Trouble Big Shanghai (上海)" on the front page of this newspaper:
"Under the eaves of the great Shanghai (上海), 700,000 chamber pots parade through the city every day. This is not a 'fairy tale.' Even today in the 1990s, in this world-famous metropolis, millions of people still have to deal with chamber pots every day. Even in famous commercial areas such as Nanjing Road (南京路) and Huaihai Road (淮海路), you can still find traces of chamber pots as long as you walk into the small alleys in the back streets."
"In the past, the ringing of the dung truck was the alarm clock in the alley. As the ding-dong bell rang, a shout: 'Empty the chamber pots...' would be echoed by everyone, and every household would run out carrying chamber pots."
The reason why small chamber pots became a necessary household item for Shanghai (上海) people is mainly because of the large population and small living area. Most of the Shikumen (石库门) houses, which housed "seventy-two tenants," did not have specially designed toilets when they were built, so they could only solve the toilet problem by emptying chamber pots.
Wu Feiyang (吾非羊), a writer of Shanghai (上海) culture, once wrote: "In an era with almost no septic tanks, sewage pipes, or flush toilets, Shanghai (上海) used wooden chamber pots, dung trucks, cleaners, dung wharves, and fecal recycling personnel and equipment to build a modern urban sewage public health system, thus becoming an important part of China's modern urban governance civilization."
On one side is a prosperous city, and on the other side is carrying a chamber pot. This contrast made the "chamber pot" problem a pain point in the lives of Shanghai (上海) people. Since the 1990s, the battle to tackle this practical matter of people's livelihood, "cannot walk towards modernization carrying a chamber pot," has spanned more than 30 years and has become a microcosm of Shanghai's (上海) urban governance.
Yangpu (杨浦) used to be one of the old industrial areas in Shanghai (上海) with the highest concentration of old houses below the second level, with a large number of workers' new villages, incomplete sets, or employee residences without sanitary facilities built in the 1950s to 1970s. Since the 1990s, under the continuous efforts of successive municipal party committees and governments, and under the guidance of the important concept of the people's city, Yangpu District (杨浦区) accelerated its progress and comprehensively completed the renovation of old areas in 2022, solving the "chamber pot" problem for more than 164,000 households in old areas.
Also in this year, with the completion of the city's large-scale old area renovation task, the problem of concentrated "chamber pots" in Shanghai (上海) was basically solved.
In 2023, the Shanghai (上海) housing and construction department conducted a comprehensive survey of old houses without sanitary facilities distributed in scattered old renovation plots, old alleys in the central urban area, and old towns and streets in the suburbs. By tracing back through the dung dumping stations, it finally identified 14,082 households with "chamber pots," formulated a goal of completing the renovation task in two years, and carried out the final hard work.
"Although only a few residents are still 'carrying chamber pots,' it concerns the livelihood expectations of each individual. In Shanghai's (上海) journey to build an international metropolis, the needs of people and the improvement of the quality of life are what should be." said Wang Zhen (王桢), director of the Shanghai Municipal Housing and Construction Commission (上海市住建委).
Bearing in mind the instructions of "the people's city is built by the people, and the people's city is for the people," Shanghai (上海) launched the final assault on the "chamber pot" problem.
"Not a Single Household Can Be Abandoned"
However, this final task is the **硬骨头中的硬骨头** (yìng gǔ tou zhōng de yìng gǔ tou - "the hardest bone among hard bones," the most difficult task).
What is the difficulty?
It was thought that the government would fund the renovation of "chamber pot" houses not included in the old renovation scope by adding flush toilets and other methods to carry out renovations without sanitary facilities, which should be very popular among residents. Unexpectedly, many residents were hesitant.
Why?
It's not that they don't want to say goodbye to the days of "carrying chamber pots," but most residents who "carry chamber pots" have a housing area of less than 20 square meters. How can such a cramped space accommodate a "1-square-meter flush toilet"? Coupled with the layout of sewage pipes and the "not in my backyard" conflicts upstairs and downstairs... **螺蛳壳里做道场** (luó sī ké lǐ zuò dào cháng - "performing religious ceremonies in a snail shell," to do something big in a small place; to manage with limited space or resources) tests the technical level and the ability to do mass work.
After repeated research, Shanghai (上海) established three ways to renovate the remaining "chamber pots": First, combine scattered old renovations or block updates to implement expropriation and renovation or agreement replacement; second, combine demolition and reconstruction to achieve independent use of kitchens and bathrooms, and simultaneously solve the problems of living conditions and housing safety; third, for some alley houses involving style protection requirements, explore the "in-house installation + out-house installation + protective repair" three-synchronization comprehensive renovation model to improve residents' living conditions to the greatest extent on the basis of "keeping the house and keeping the people." In addition, for locations with limited space and scattered distribution, measures such as adding sanitary facilities are taken to provide bottom-line guarantees in accordance with local conditions.
"During the implementation process, we emphasize the need to adhere to adapting to local conditions and implementing policies according to different categories, and to comprehensively grasp the relationship between ensuring people's livelihood and improving quality, and between the present and the long-term, to find the optimal solution under multiple constraints, and to respond to residents' urgent expectations with a more thorough renovation method," a comrade from the Shanghai Municipal Housing and Construction Commission (上海市住建委) told reporters.
In order to find out the number of "chamber pots," the staff of Yangpu District (杨浦区) squatted at each of the 63 dung dumping stations in the district for statistics. After discovering that some industrial land not originally on the register also had "chamber pots," the housing and construction department took the initiative to join hands with the original system units of the old factories, and completed the renovation task of more than 10 households without sanitary facilities on the basis of fully considering the demands and wishes of the residents.
No. 18-27, Lane 1039, Huangxing Road (黄兴路) is a multi-story old house with small beams and thin slabs and brick-concrete structure built in the 1960s, with 180 households "carrying chamber pots." By demolishing the old house and building a new one on the original site, the average household area increased from 15.6 square meters to 31.7 square meters, which not only solved the problem of flush toilets, but also increased the living area.
No. 41, Guojing Road (国京路) is a protected building. During the renovation, in accordance with the principle of minimal intervention and repairing the old as before, the utility room on the first floor was transformed into a row of centralized toilets, and an independent toilet space was created for each household. Lightweight materials were used to reduce the impact on the load-bearing capacity of the floor, and the interior walls and floors were restored to their original style, retaining the original appearance of the building.
"Not a single household can be abandoned," said Chen Ying (陈颖), director of the Yangpu District (杨浦区) Housing Renewal and Development Center.
"My Heart is Full of Hope"
Although installing toilets is what the people want, it is not easy to do good things well.
"Improving the renovation of old houses without sanitary facilities is an important people's livelihood project, which has the attributes of development, people's livelihood, and governance. Only by solving practical problems from the perspective of the masses, relying closely on the masses, and fully mobilizing the masses can we gather people's hearts to the greatest extent and seek the greatest common divisor," said Chen Ying (陈颖).
Changhai Road (长海路) Street has a "Neighborhood Think Tank," which dispels concerns, resolves knots, and promotes signing through the personal experiences of neighbors; Yinhang (殷行) Street promotes the rapid implementation of projects with party building leadership, two-line communication, process reengineering, and emotional guidance; Dinghai Road (定海路) Street broadens residents' participation paths through one-on-one demand docking, on-site demonstration by technical consultants, etc.
"Listen to the people's opinions and solve the people's worries, so that the benefit-the-people project can be upgraded and the quality of life of residents can be effectively improved." Li Rong (李荣), secretary of the Party Working Committee and director of the People's Congress Working Committee of Dinghai Road (定海路) Street, introduced the working method to reporters.
"The first thing is to listen, every household's voice is important." Li Rong (李荣) told reporters that the street and the neighborhood committee formed a joint working group, and party members and volunteers participated in the whole process to patiently explain and carefully listen, and communicated and resolved concerns such as small area and difficult construction one by one. Tailor-made "one household, one plan" for different family situations...
"In the construction process, we must deliver services to the hearts of the residents." Li Rong (李荣) listed many service details, such as strictly limiting the operation time, building enclosures, preventing dust and reducing noise, cleaning the construction site and removing garbage every day to minimize disturbance to the people, and inviting professional engineers to answer questions on the spot, and helping to install water heaters and repair lines, using small details to convey warmth.
"From the formulation of the plan to the signing and relocation, the government let us ordinary people speak throughout the whole process, and we can express our opinions online and offline, without any deception." Resident Zhang Zhong (张忠) said with emotion.
The "chamber pot" renovation battle is accelerating!
In 2024, 7,589 households completed the renovation, and 9 districts including Xuhui (徐汇), Changning (长宁), Putuo (普陀), Minhang (闵行), Jinshan (金山), Songjiang (松江), Qingpu (青浦), Fengxian (奉贤), and Baoshan (宝山) completed the "chamber pot" renovation task ahead of schedule;
In 2025, the implementation path will be further refined, the time nodes will be reversed, and with the completion of the renovation of the last 6,493 households, the people of Shanghai (上海) will finally bid farewell to "carrying chamber pots" completely.
"Whenever I think of the life ahead, my heart is full of hope." Zhang Zhong's (张忠) words are full of anticipation.
Return to TopAccording to a report from the People's Daily (本报) Beijing (北京) on October 23rd (reporter Han Xin (韩鑫)), the State Post Bureau (国家邮政局) announced on the 23rd that from January to September this year, the cumulative volume of express delivery services reached 145.08 billion pieces, a year-on-year increase of 17.2%. Among them, in September alone, the volume of express delivery services reached 16.88 billion pieces, a year-on-year increase of 12.7%.
"In the first three quarters, the express delivery market has flourished, the service level of the industry has steadily improved, and it has strongly supported the expansion of the consumer market and the steady and positive operation of the economy," said the relevant person in charge of the State Post Bureau (国家邮政局).
Better help release the vitality of domestic demand. The express delivery industry has deepened its coordinated development with cultural tourism and sports, improved the breadth and depth of rural consumption services, and the market scale has steadily expanded. Since March, the monthly business volume has exceeded 16 billion pieces, supporting the online retail sales of physical goods exceeding 9 trillion yuan in the first three quarters. From January to September, the cumulative revenue of express delivery services reached 1085.74 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.9%.
Better promote the cross-regional circulation of products. In the first three quarters, the industry strengthened its cold chain guarantee capabilities, improved its diversified and integrated service capabilities, served the long-distance sales of fresh fruits, river and seafood, and other agricultural products across the country, helped the online hot sales of smart home appliances, trade-ins, and other products, and provided important channels for product circulation and economic circulation. The proportion of off-site business volume increased by about 1 percentage point compared with the same period last year.
Better serve regional coordinated development. In the first three quarters, the express delivery industry actively served "East-West goods, West-East flow," and the proportion of express delivery business volume in the central and western regions continued to increase. Compared with the same period last year, the proportion of express delivery business volume in the central region increased by 1.0 percentage point; the proportion of express delivery business volume in the western region increased by 0.5 percentage point. The growth rate of express delivery business volume in Xinjiang (新疆), Ningxia (宁夏), Guizhou (贵州), Qinghai (青海) and other provinces (autonomous regions) was about 30%, which played a positive role in promoting the expansion of domestic demand in the central and western regions and promoting regional coordinated development.
"Entering the fourth quarter, the industry is gradually entering the peak season. As express delivery companies steadily tap market potential, promote the digital and intelligent upgrading of the industry, and effectively meet diversified delivery needs, it is expected that the industry will continue to maintain a positive development trend, and make positive contributions to promoting economic recovery and expansion of domestic demand," said the relevant person in charge of the State Post Bureau (国家邮政局).
Return to TopBeijing, October 23rd (Reported by Li Xinping (李心萍)) This reporter learned from China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (中国国家铁路集团有限公司): In the first three quarters of this year, the national railway sent a total of 3.03 billion tons of goods, with an average of 185,300 wagons loaded per day, representing year-on-year increases of 3.4% and 4.3% respectively.
The transportation of key materials was effectively guaranteed. From January to September, the national railway sent 1.553 billion tons of coal, including 1.056 billion tons of thermal coal. The coal reserves of power plants directly supplied by the railway remained at a high level. The volume of metallurgical materials and grain sent increased by 9.4% and 10.8% year-on-year, respectively.
The quality and upgrading of railway logistics services have been improved. Up to now, a total of 172 "single bill of lading" logistics products for railway-water intermodal transport have been developed. In the first three quarters, a total of 12.778 million TEUs of railway-water intermodal container cargo were sent, a year-on-year increase of 16.9%. Up to now, 143,000 vehicles have been registered on the railway network freight platform, and 242 million tons of railway-highway intermodal transport volume have been completed.
Cross-border cargo transportation remained stable and smooth. In the first three quarters, 14,500 China-Europe freight trains were operated; 10,800 China-Central Asia freight trains were operated, a year-on-year increase of 22.8%; the China-Laos Railway sent 4.13 million tons of cross-border goods, a year-on-year increase of 10.4%, which strongly promoted international economic and trade exchanges.
Return to TopSpeakers:
Zhou Shanshan (周珊珊), *People's Daily* commentator
Zhang Gailun (张盖伦), *Science and Technology Daily* reporter
Zhou Shanshan: The 20th CPC Central Committee's Fourth Plenary Session proposed to "seize the historic opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and coordinate the construction of a strong country in education, a strong country in science and technology, and a strong country in talent." Recently, new research-oriented universities have attracted much attention. This fall semester, several new research-oriented universities launched their first undergraduate enrollment, with admission scores exceeding those of many prestigious universities. Why are these new research-oriented universities experiencing a "good start" in enrollment?
Zhang Gailun: New research-oriented universities have embarked on a path different from traditional universities in terms of their operating entities, discipline construction, talent cultivation models, and governance models, playing the role of explorers in China's higher education reform. They are generally committed to promoting interdisciplinary integration and building new knowledge systems.
The emergence of new research-oriented universities is mainly due to their distinctive characteristics, with most of the majors offered being popular disciplines, and they are generally located in economically developed regions. It should also be noted that the enrollment numbers of these universities are currently small, making it relatively easy to maintain stable admission scores. The actual results of teaching and research remain to be tested by time.
Zhou Shanshan: Where does the "newness" of new research-oriented universities lie? What are the differences in terms of recruiting and cultivating students? How can they serve the construction of a strong country in education?
Zhang Gailun: "What are your thoughts on scientific and technological innovation?" The Greater Bay Area University (大湾区大学), located in Dongguan (东莞), Guangdong (广东), often asks prospective students such questions, showcasing its talent cultivation direction—"solid foundation, broad vision, unity of knowledge and action, and comprehensive understanding." At Westlake University (西湖大学), undergraduate education focuses primarily on general education in the early stages. The university provides undergraduate students with academic advisors, study advisors, and social advisors. In principle, students are required to participate in a semester of study or research at renowned overseas universities or research institutions during their junior year. These innovative designs are all aimed at cultivating outstanding innovative talents with a strong sense of social responsibility.
Different institutions have different approaches to education, but all strive to attract young people with solid foundations and an interest in scientific and technological innovation through higher student-to-faculty ratios and more flexible curriculum designs, cultivating high-level talents with an international perspective, the ability to integrate across disciplines, critical thinking, and the ability to adapt to future development.
Zhou Shanshan: Where does the "research" of new research-oriented universities lie? How can they make the first move in scientific research and better serve the construction of a strong country in science and technology?
Zhang Gailun: New research-oriented universities bear the mission of cultivating scientific and technological innovation talents for national strategic needs and regional industrial development. First, they use high-quality resources in the most cutting-edge disciplines. Many new research-oriented universities have established related majors such as artificial intelligence and biological sciences. Second, they promote interdisciplinary integration by breaking down departmental barriers and establishing interdisciplinary research centers, laying a good disciplinary foundation for later scientific research.
They emphasize both discipline design and research orientation. At ShanghaiTech University (上海科技大学), 63% of courses adopt a research-based teaching model, and more than 80% of undergraduates participate in scientific research in laboratories before their junior year. Sixty percent of graduate students participate in scientific research projects related to the construction of the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Center (上海科创中心). Ningbo Institute of Technology (宁波东方理工大学) seizes the advantage of Ningbo's (宁波) strong manufacturing base, targets the transformation and upgrading needs of industries and enterprises, jointly builds various research institutes, and conducts targeted scientific research and practice. Related explorations not only broaden students' academic horizons but also enhance their communication and problem-solving skills.
Zhou Shanshan: Traditional universities excel in their deep and comprehensive academic accumulation, while new research-oriented universities are characterized by their alignment with technological development and corporate needs. The two are not a relationship of who surpasses whom or who replaces whom. The development of these two types of universities is of great value to China's higher education.
Zhang Gailun: Universities should develop in a diversified manner. Especially after China enters the stage of universal higher education, there is a greater need for diversified universities to meet the diverse needs of talents and the needs of national economic and social development. Different universities can achieve their own development in different ecological niches.
How to develop new research-oriented universities is worth further discussion. It is expected that these universities can open up an "experimental field" for the reform of the university system and mechanism, provide referable experience and replicable models for higher education reform, answer the questions of "what kind of people to cultivate" and "how to cultivate people," and contribute Chinese wisdom and strength to the development of higher education in the world.
Zhou Shanshan: The policy orientation of "investing in people" and the actual needs of new quality productive forces development call for deepening the reform of higher education. The continuous emergence of new research-oriented universities is becoming a new force in accelerating the leap in innovation efficiency of higher education. Its value lies not only in scientific research output but also in the exploration of new education models and the cultivation of outstanding innovative talents. Problems in development should be solved in development, so that "small and refined" is no longer measured by the "large and comprehensive" yardstick, so as to better promote the development of new research-oriented universities. Whether new research-oriented universities can turn the "experimental field" into a "high-yield field" and a "stable-yield field" is worth looking forward to and paying attention to.
Return to TopBy: 谷业凯
To dismantle, we must abandon the "judging people by their hats" (以帽取人) research evaluation mechanism, allowing "hats" to return from being admission tickets for research resource allocation to their essence as academic honors.
To establish, we must develop a research evaluation and resource allocation system oriented towards innovative value and practical contributions, tailored to different positions and disciplinary characteristics.
Scientific breakthroughs stem from a spirit of bold innovation and are rooted in soil that encourages innovation.
"If you fall behind in getting 'hats' by one step, you'll fall behind at every step." "The gap in research resources between those with 'hats' and those without is enormous."... During on-the-ground interviews, reporters frequently hear researchers express distraction and anxiety over various "hats." Vigorously eliminating this interference is crucial for optimizing the research environment.
"Hats" is a common term for various talent programs and academic titles in the science and technology field. While various talent programs play a positive role in recognizing talent and supporting scientific research, they also have a significant impact on the allocation of research resources. In some places, "hats" are deeply tied to professional titles, awards, benefits, and enrollment; talent recruitment focuses solely on "hats," neglecting the suitability of talent for development; and in the evaluation of "hats," improper factors such as personal connections and face-saving permeate. Distorted and deviated "hats" infringe upon the academic ecosystem, foster a 急功近利 (jí gōng jìn lì - "eager for quick success and instant benefits," seeking instant results and short-term gains) atmosphere, and distort the true value of scientific research.
To reverse this situation, we must first cool down the "hat fever." This year's Government Work Report (政府工作报告) for the first time included "hat" governance, proposing to "deepen the reform of talent classification and evaluation and the governance of 'hats' in the science and education community," demonstrating the determination to curb the "hat-chasing trend" in scientific research. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (国家自然科学基金委员会) has abolished terms such as "Distinguished Young Scholars" (杰青) and "Excellent Young Scholars" (优青), reflecting a clear attitude of downplaying "hats." Various departments and localities are also continuously optimizing assessment mechanisms and reducing excessive reliance on talent titles.
To further create a good research environment, we need to dismantle and establish simultaneously, addressing both the symptoms and the root causes.
To dismantle, we must abandon the "judging people by their hats" (以帽取人) research evaluation mechanism, allowing "hats" to return from being admission tickets for research resource allocation to their essence as academic honors. For example, Tsinghua University (清华大学) has established the "Dushi Special Project" (笃实专项), which does not look at "hats" but adopts a one-person-one-policy approach to provide long-term and stable support for basic research. With the support of this project, Cai Zheng (蔡峥), an associate professor in the Department of Astronomy, was able to focus his time on the "cutting edge" and discovered the early cycle of cold gas flow in the universe for the first time internationally. Only by freeing more people from the anxiety of competing for "hats" can we better stimulate scientific research and innovation vitality.
To establish, we must develop a research evaluation and resource allocation system oriented towards innovative value and practical contributions, tailored to different positions and disciplinary characteristics. For basic research and applied research, we need to establish more refined effect evaluation and long-term tracking mechanisms. For teachers in universities and research institutes, they can also be divided into research-oriented, teaching-oriented, and teaching-research-oriented, forming evaluation and assessment mechanisms with different focuses.
Dismantling the old and establishing the new not only means that evaluation standards are shifting from a "one-size-fits-all" approach to diversification, but more importantly, it ensures that the new rules are both scientific, operable, and fair. For example, expanding the weight of peer review should be accompanied by the introduction of relevant implementation rules, clarifying selection criteria, avoidance principles, and scoring indicators. Promoting the representative work evaluation system requires clearly defining what constitutes a major innovation, cutting-edge breakthrough, or substantial contribution, providing reviewers with a precise yardstick to avoid personal preferences and human factors as much as possible. Only by polishing the underlying principle of judging heroes based on their achievements with more credible new rules can a good research ecosystem be created naturally.
Scientific breakthroughs stem from a spirit of bold innovation and are rooted in soil that encourages innovation. "Hats" are essentially a recognition of scientific research level and achievements. We look forward to establishing a more scientific evaluation system for scientific research talents, promoting the creation of a healthy ecosystem with efficient resource flow, fair talent competition, and vibrant innovation, so that every ambitious researcher can stay true to their original aspirations, and every resource can promote valuable scientific research.
Return to TopNot long ago, the "Three-Year Doubling" Action Plan for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Service Capacity (2025-2027) was issued, proposing actions such as strengthening the urban fast-charging network and addressing shortcomings in rural charging infrastructure construction, and clarifying that 28 million charging facilities will be built nationwide by the end of 2027. Continuously improving the charging network is conducive to further promoting the development of the new energy vehicle industry.
This is precisely:
In the past, finding charging piles was like searching between fields,
Now, fast charging is available everywhere.
Worry-free range makes the journey pleasant,
And traversing the land feels not so far.
Liao Yuanwen (廖沅文)
Return to TopBy: 崔舒怡
Using the big classroom of society well means not only entering red-themed venues, cultural heritage sites, science and technology innovation enterprises, and other places, but also incorporating scenarios such as urban and rural community governance.
How can pocket parks meet the fitness needs of different groups? How can disagreements arising from the installation of elevators in old residential areas be resolved? How can the problem of speeding electric bicycles be solved? These "street corner trifles" and governance topics that are close to life and actually happen are now becoming vivid content and starting points for ideological and political education, providing inspiration for us to make ideological and political courses effective.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized, "Marxism is formed and continuously developed in practice. We must attach great importance to the practicality of ideological and political courses and combine the small classroom of ideological and political education with the big classroom of society." Using the big classroom of society well means not only entering red-themed venues, cultural heritage sites, science and technology innovation enterprises, and other places, but also incorporating scenarios such as urban and rural community governance; the forms of education should not only include visits, experiences, and exchanges, but also encourage students to participate in grassroots governance practices, understand public opinions, and appreciate the power of truth in joint construction, joint governance, and shared benefits.
Breaking the boundaries of the classroom allows textbook concepts to "come alive." In a pocket park in Guangzhou (广州), Guangdong (广东), young students closely observed the entire process of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) members offering suggestions on people's livelihood issues such as the micro-transformation of pocket parks, and personally participated in discussions, putting forward practical suggestions from the perspectives of fitness equipment configuration and the integration of cultural elements, and appreciating the operating mechanism of consultative democracy. The students exclaimed that consultative democracy is actually around them. They used to feel that "people's city for the people" was a bit abstract when they heard it in ideological and political courses, but today they have a real feeling. Integrating real-life scenarios and practical problems into the ideological and political classroom allows students to feel more deeply, understand more quickly, and learn more effectively.
Based on the youth perspective, ideological and political education is brought closer to students' daily lives. There are thousands of social governance issues, which ones are suitable for use as materials for ideological and political courses? Content that matches students' perspectives and experiences is more likely to resonate and inspire thinking. For example, young people are frequent users of food delivery services and are more familiar with and concerned about new business formats and new employment groups. A student team from the Affiliated Middle School of Southern University of Science and Technology (南方科技大学) focused on the food delivery rider group to conduct research, extensively collected cases, and interviewed experts and scholars. In the research report, they put forward targeted suggestions such as establishing a platform guarantee mechanism, extending reasonable delivery time limits, holiday subsidies, extreme weather insurance, and free medical examinations. Finding the combination of governance topics, contemporary issues, and the focus and interests of young people will surely better motivate the vast number of young people to take the initiative, step forward and shoulder responsibilities, and contribute wisdom and strength to national development.
Improving the participation mechanism makes the ideological and political classroom, which mainly focuses on practice, more substantial. In addition to spontaneous volunteer activities, youth participation in social practice also needs to be supported by institutionalized channels and platforms. For example, Beijing (北京) has built the Citizen Hotline Service Center into one of the practical teaching bases for ideological and political courses, where university teachers and students and social workers "run work orders, go through processes, and squat at points" to participate in "accepting and handling complaints immediately." Many schools have also signed cooperation agreements with local governments to incorporate urban governance practices into the ideological and political course credit system, encouraging students to participate in community research, consultative discussions, volunteer services, and so on. Strengthening school-local cooperation, fixing the teaching content of participating in governance practice in an institutionalized way, unblocking participation channels, and forming a collaborative education pattern will make ideological and political courses more effective and students will gain more.
Young people use their footsteps to measure the vast urban and rural areas, and use their wisdom and sweat to help solve governance problems. What they gain is not only ideological and political course credits, but also a deeper understanding of the practical power of the Party's innovative theories, an understanding of the national economy and people's livelihood, and an enhanced deep friendship with the grassroots masses. Innovating methods and deeply integrating with reality, fully mobilizing the enthusiasm and initiative of the vast number of students, ideological and political education will surely better play the role of nourishing the soul.
(Author's unit: School of Marxism, Renmin University of China (中国人民大学))
Return to TopBy: 常少华
Recently, the "Serve the People" (为人民服务) navigational marker located in Qin City Township, Yizhou District, Hami City (哈密市), Xinjiang (新疆), has garnered widespread social attention due to its damage caused by someone drifting in a car. The Yizhou District Forestry and Grassland Bureau (伊州区林业和草原局) has filed a case for investigation and imposed administrative penalties on the responsible parties in accordance with laws and regulations. Previously, young people drove more than 2,000 kilometers to repair it, which moved many netizens.
This mark carries a special memory of the Chinese Air Force. In the 1960s, the No. 8 Aviation School of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (中国人民解放军) was established in Hami (哈密). The vast Gobi Desert lacked obvious navigational markers, and pilots faced the danger of getting lost. Flight instructors and students used shovels and other tools to scrape away the dark gravel layer, exposing the light-colored alkaline soil, and carved out five sets of giant navigational markers, including "Serve the People" (为人民服务), "Seize the Day and Night" (只争朝夕), and "Overcome All Difficulties to Win Victory" (排除万难去争取胜利), to help pilots complete their learning tasks. A large number of outstanding pilots in China grew up in such harsh environments.
Today, the No. 8 Aviation School has become history, and the Chinese Air Force is becoming increasingly powerful. These navigational markers are still clearly discernible, and the spirit of struggle is also being passed down from generation to generation. In the booming construction era, although material conditions were relatively scarce, the builders were full of passion for hard work and hope for the future. It was with this spirit that China built the Daqing Oilfield (大庆油田) and successfully developed the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" (两弹一星), achieving a series of major breakthroughs. The marks left by the builders on the vast land embody wisdom and strength, carry the original intention and enthusiasm, and guide and inspire generations of people.
More than half a century ago, someone wrote spectacular Chinese characters on the Gobi Desert, guiding and inspiring soldiers who dedicated themselves to the country. Today, young people spontaneously repair navigational markers, using good deeds to maintain historical memory and allowing more people to understand this history. This is a deep review of history and a continuation of the spirit.
Historical sites are the tangible carriers of the spirit and vivid historical teaching materials. Protecting historical memory is the common responsibility of the whole society. When historical sites are better preserved, generations can understand the spiritual strength and gain historical enlightenment from them.
(Excerpted from *Hubei Daily* (《湖北日报》), originally titled "The Mark of 'Serve the People' Will Never Fade")
Return to TopBy: 武卫政
Adhering to a heart of reverence for history and love for culture, upholding the principles of prioritizing protection, rational utilization, and minimal intervention, and collaboratively advancing urban construction and heritage preservation, we can achieve even more fruitful results.
Not long ago, the Southeast Corner Station (东南角站) of Tianjin Metro Line 4 (天津地铁4号线) added a cultural relic exhibition hall featuring the ruins of the ancient city wall of Tianjin Wei (天津卫故城东城墙遗址). Many passengers paused to take a closer look when passing through the exhibition area, some curious, some admiring, and some gazing intently.
According to research, Tianjin (天津) has a history of city construction spanning over 600 years. This city wall ruin safeguards the authenticity of Tianjin's (天津) accumulated history and serves as an irreplaceable physical testament to the city's development. Why is this valuable ruin being displayed in a subway station? What kind of inspiration does this method of protection and utilization provide?
Revering historical and cultural heritage is revering history. In 2017, after the city wall ruins were discovered during subway construction, the cultural relics department determined that this was an important archaeological discovery in Tianjin (天津) since the beginning of the 21st century and should be protected and effectively displayed on its original site. How can subway construction and ruin protection be balanced? It requires both reverence and adherence to scientific principles. The ancient city wall and the modern subway are "superimposed in time and space" 8 meters underground, forming a historical cross-section of Tianjin's (天津) evolution from a "garrison city" to a "modern metropolis." If it were moved arbitrarily, it would cause changes in the location and elevation of the ruins, and the authenticity of its historical accumulation would be lost forever, making it difficult to showcase the "continuity" of urban development. The project team, consisting of the construction party, design party, and cultural heritage experts, decided to carry out on-site protection in conjunction with subway construction.
It is necessary to take responsibility and act, but not to act recklessly. Having a plan is one thing, but implementing it is quite another. The Southeast Corner Station (东南角站) of the subway is a transfer station and a node that maintains the efficient operation of the Tianjin (天津) subway network. It is also located at the intersection of major ground thoroughfares, making large-scale excavation impossible and limiting construction to a confined space. How can both cultural relics be protected and transportation be ensured? The key lies in coordinating all parties with a systematic perspective. Through repeated exchanges and discussions, on-site verifications, and computer simulations, the construction party and the archaeological party actively communicated, and subway construction and archaeological excavation alternated in cycles, both maximizing transfer functions and providing conditions for cultural relic excavation. To outsiders, the archaeological excavation and subway construction were intertwined, and it was thought that there would "definitely be conflicts" and "inevitable contradictions." The reason why it could be advanced in an orderly manner is inseparable from the sincere cooperation of all parties, supporting each other, cooperating tacitly, and working together towards a common goal.
If there is no precedent, create one. This ruin is not made of brick and stone, and there is no domestic precedent for on-site protection inside an operating subway station. The stability of the water-rich soft soil layer is poor, the construction environment is extremely complex, the internal space of the station is limited, and the operation of trains generates vibrations. Many problems are in front of us. The protection goal is unwavering, and we must use our brains to overcome difficulties—in-depth analysis and argumentation, determination of the "five-step construction method," and the use of advanced construction technology to steadily "lift up" the city wall like "supporting tofu," placing it on spring supports to achieve safe protection and vibration isolation of the ruins. On-site protection, from initially being considered an "impossible task," to becoming a typical case of a "win-win" situation for cultural relic protection and engineering construction in a complex geological environment and a cramped construction space, reflects the wisdom of scientific protection and is full of hard work and continuous innovation.
Simply protecting the original site is not enough; the key lies in revitalizing its utilization. The old city wall ruins and the modern subway station unexpectedly met. Tianjin (天津) seized the opportunity to use the carefully protected ruins as an important cultural element, opening it to the public and integrating it into the daily life of citizens in the form of a "subway station + museum." The city wall ruin section and protection engineering construction technology presented here provide people with a window to understand the city's history, culture, and modern engineering technology at close range. Here, people can further appreciate the reverence, prudence, courage to overcome difficulties, and innovative practices of city managers and builders in coordinating the needs of people's livelihoods and cultural relic protection. Through open display, people can hear the resonance of history and reality, and the symphony of humanity and development.
Historical and cultural heritage is a powerful testament to the splendid Chinese civilization and a valuable asset left to us by our ancestors. Adhering to a heart of reverence for history and love for culture, upholding the principles of prioritizing protection, rational utilization, and minimal intervention, and collaboratively advancing urban construction and heritage preservation, we can achieve even more fruitful results.
(The author is a reporter from the Tianjin Branch (天津分社) of this newspaper)
Return to TopThis edition's email: rmbpl@peopledaily.cn (Please indicate the column name when submitting articles)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 苏 滨
Accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and earnestly promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.
——Excerpt from the Communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
On October 17, the final championship game of the 2025 National Beautiful and Harmonious Village Basketball Tournament ("Village BA") was held in Taipan Village (台盘村), Taijiang County (台江县), Guizhou Province (贵州省). According to statistics, the number of on-site spectators that night exceeded 20,000, and the atmosphere was warm. The village's homestays and restaurants were booked early, and there was a thriving atmosphere everywhere.
The villagers of Taipan Village (台盘村) are already familiar with such excitement. Since launching the "Village BA" brand in 2022, this once deeply impoverished village has turned its village basketball game into a nationally renowned agricultural, cultural, sports, and tourism carnival, ushering in new development opportunities: last year, the village received 567,900 tourists, achieving a comprehensive tourism income of 113 million yuan.
Different from the open-air venues of previous years, this year's "Village BA" finals were held in a modern basketball hall. In addition to the upgrading and renovation of the venue, there are also road repairs, rainwater and sewage diversion, environmental remediation, and commercial development... The village is improving day by day. "'Village BA' is our golden signboard, and everyone needs to maintain it," said Cen Jianglong (岑江龙), director of the Taipan Village (台盘村) Village Committee. Before 2022, 70% of the villagers worked outside the village. Now, relying on homestays, catering, leisure and other industries, most villagers have returned to their hometowns to find employment. "'Village BA' brings traffic to the village, and the villagers must unite to build the village better and turn traffic into 'retention'."
At the beginning of the "Village BA"'s popularity, a number of restaurants and homestays emerged in Taipan Village (台盘村), and the water consumption increased sharply, resulting in the inability to supply water 24 hours a day, which caused great dissatisfaction among the villagers. "At that time, the village managed the tap water. We immediately contacted the county water investment company, asked them to be responsible for water supply, and negotiated water prices. Finally, we held a courtyard meeting to solicit opinions," Cen Jianglong (岑江龙) recalled. Because the water volume was stable and the price was affordable, the problem was quickly resolved.
"The things solved in these 3 years of development are more than in the past few decades," said Cen Jianglong (岑江龙). As more problems are solved, the villagers' trust in the village committee has increased, and the village has gradually become cohesive.
Some time ago, Taipan Village (台盘村) planned to build a 300-meter-long walkway to connect the parking lot and the court, making it easier for tourists to watch the game. Because the widening of the existing dirt road affected the small vegetable gardens of two villagers, Cen Jianglong (岑江龙) was initially a little worried, "Each occupies less than two square meters, and I'm afraid people won't be happy." Unexpectedly, as soon as he went to the door, the two villagers agreed, and the village took the initiative to compensate each household with 200 yuan, and the walkway was successfully built.
Shortly before the finals of this year's "Village BA", a courtyard meeting was held again on the court of Taipan Village (台盘村). Forty or fifty people sat around in a circle to discuss village rules and regulations. "Because of 'Village BA', our village is changing every day! To continue to upgrade and develop, we must think of good ways to implement specific requirements into daily life and work together towards a better life," Cen Jianglong (岑江龙) said straightforwardly. "The village committee decided after discussion to write 'drawing lots to select stalls, not raising prices, not charging admission fees, and not charging for parking' into the village rules and regulations."
"If there is a game, people will come, and if people come, there will be money to be made. It should be stipulated like this. Fair, reasonable, and supportive!" Although her husband is ill, Yang Shengzhi (杨胜芝), who has been lifted out of poverty, is hardworking and willing to work hard and supports a family by herself. Her positive statement drew a chorus of responses.
Yang Shengzhi (杨胜芝), 52, used to work outside the village for a long time. Since the village started holding basketball games, she has rented a stall by the court, selling rice noodles and rice tofu on game days, and doing odd jobs around the area at other times. "A bowl of rice tofu has been sold for 8 yuan for 3 years. I don't want to raise the price, and I can't raise the price!" Whenever there is a game, Yang Shengzhi (杨胜芝) has to get up early to prepare ingredients, make and sell them on the same day, earning hundreds of yuan a day. "Tasting special snacks, watching game performances, I hope tourists can eat with confidence, watch happily, and have fun in Taipan (台盘)."
Other villagers also brainstormed and took the initiative to add: "Dogs should not be allowed to roam freely to avoid accidents and ensure the tourist experience" "We also need to improve the living environment, especially the randomly installed power and network cables"... In less than an hour, the courtyard meeting ended, and the new content of the village rules and regulations was successfully passed.
"In the next 5 years, we will work harder to seek development, with everyone paying attention and everyone benefiting," said Cen Jianglong (岑江龙). Companies come to the village to investigate and negotiate in an endless stream, and 7 companies have been attracted to settle in the village; Taijiang County (台江县) has also built an e-commerce platform to sell local agricultural products and "Village BA" cultural and creative products, driving consumption. Taipan Village (台盘村) will protect the "Village BA" brand, innovate and hold a series of themed events, and at the same time attract tourism equipment and sporting goods manufacturing companies to land, transform "Village BA" traffic into agricultural product sales, promote the construction of a livable and workable beautiful countryside, and embark on a path of integrated development of agriculture, culture, sports and tourism.
Return to TopBy: 岑江龙
Over the past three years, the villagers of Taipan Village (台盘村) have become increasingly skilled in basketball and physically stronger, and the village's development has also found a new focus.
In the past, I worked outside the village. One year, I returned to the village for the "Eating New Rice Festival" and organized the first "Village BA" (村BA). Soon, "Village BA" became our village's cultural tourism brand. As the event expanded, more and more tourists came, and we gradually improved our service awareness and also started online live broadcasts.
To enrich the tourist experience, we guided villagers to set up stalls in a regulated manner, adding a lively atmosphere to the games. Restaurants and homestays opened one after another, and villagers' incomes increased, all benefiting from the development of "Village BA."
Now, as the director of the Taipan Village (台盘村) Village Committee, I will work with the village's two committees to continue to enhance the "Village BA" brand, actively go out to attract investment, enable more villagers to find employment at their doorstep, and encourage more young people to return to their hometown to develop, 接住流量 (jiē zhù liú liàng - "catch the traffic," capitalize on the popularity/attention) and steadily turn it into "retained traffic."
(The author is the director of the Taipan Village (台盘村) Village Committee, interviewed and compiled by Su Bin (苏滨), a reporter from this newspaper)
Return to TopBy: 张 琦
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (党的二十届四中全会) made systematic deployments for steadily promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. The No. 1 Central Document of 2025 proposed developing rural characteristic industries, requiring "in-depth implementation of rural industrial integration and development projects" and "promoting the deep integration of rural culture and tourism." A series of important deployments have clarified the direction of development and provided fundamental guidelines for promoting the deep integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism, while also providing an important path for steadily promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.
In recent years, "Village BA" and "Village Super League" and other "village-level" competitions have become popular, which is a vivid practice of developing new rural business forms and new industries. They transform traffic into "retention" in a form popular with the masses, promoting chain-like growth in competition tourism, catering and accommodation, and agricultural product sales, reshaping the rural image and development ecology, and realizing the leap from beautiful scenery to industrial prosperity.
What is particularly valuable is that in these competitions and activities, villagers are not only athletes, but also organizers, spectators, and beneficiaries, and the competitions enhance collective identity and cohesion. The assistance of digital communication has enabled the competition to break through regional restrictions and stimulate national participation. More importantly, the integration model of "sports + culture and tourism + industry" has extended the value chain of the competition, enhanced the resilience of the rural economy, and explored a new sustainable and replicable development path. Nowadays, various places are also learning from experience and holding "village-level" competitions to promote the comprehensive development of agriculture, culture, sports, tourism, and commerce with sports as a medium.
In the next step, we must also work hard on systematic planning, and make concerted efforts in product innovation, data platforms, talent services, and co-construction and sharing to continuously promote the high-quality development of rural culture and tourism:
It is necessary to adhere to shaping tourism with culture, highlighting culture with tourism, and promoting tourism with sports, deeply explore regional characteristics, promote the branding and normalization of "village competitions," avoid homogenization, carry out pilot projects to empower rural revitalization with cultural industries, and improve the characteristics, quality, and standardization of rural tourism; it is necessary to promote the digital transformation of rural culture and tourism, use new media to expand communication channels, build smart culture and tourism platforms, and enhance service experience; it is necessary to improve infrastructure and public services, promote the coordinated development of talent, land, and industry, attract more young people to return to their hometowns to start businesses, and cultivate a new team of farmers who understand agriculture, love the countryside, and are good at management; it is necessary to improve the mechanism for linking interests, so that farmers can become the main body and beneficiaries of cultural and tourism development, and achieve co-construction and sharing.
The "village competition" phenomenon proves that the countryside is not short of resources. During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to better transform the popularity of competitions into industrial momentum, promote rural development from "temporary fire" to "continuous prosperity," and provide sustainable path support for promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.
(The author is the director of the China Rural Revitalization and Development Research Center of Beijing Normal University (北京师范大学), and this report was compiled by Chang Qin (常钦), a reporter from this newspaper.)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 张云河
We must earnestly focus on ensuring people's well-being, explore potential through multiple channels, strengthen efforts to stabilize employment and promote job creation, promote stable employment for key groups, intensify efforts to address wage arrears, strengthen basic public services, and solve the urgent and pressing problems that concern the people.
——Excerpt from the Communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党第二十届中央委员会第四次全体会议公报)
With the autumn wind of the Frost's Descent blowing, the hemp bamboo shoots have sprung up another half inch. Qin Jimian (覃继棉), 57 years old, carrying a hoe and a large sack, strode towards the hemp bamboo shoot industrial base.
The base is located in the Leishan Agricultural, Cultural, and Tourism Industrial Park (雷山农文旅产业园) in Fuxing Village (伏兴村), Linxu Town (林圩镇), Mashan County (马山县), Nanning City (南宁市), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区). Qin Jimian (覃继棉) arrives in 10 minutes by foot from his home.
"The bamboo shoots in the mountains are tender and plentiful, digging bag after bag." Qin Jimian (覃继棉) hummed a little tune, his hands and feet nimble, "Now is the harvest season, come to the bamboo garden early to dig bamboo shoots, the more you dig, the more you get. The wages are calculated by the catty, two mao per catty. If it doesn't rain, I can dig 1,000 catties a day!"
Digging bamboo shoots in the industrial park is the most suitable job for Qin Jimian (覃继棉), who has been lifted out of poverty.
"I used to work in Guangzhou (广州), Shenzhen (深圳), and Dongguan (东莞), doing steel bar work and bricklaying. The cost of living was high, and I couldn't save much money," said Qin Jimian (覃继棉).
Later, he returned to Guangxi (广西) and worked in Nanning City (南宁城), "Still on construction sites, my life was irregular. I got sick the year before last and couldn't go out, and suddenly my livelihood was gone."
Qi Haijun (戚海军), a work team member dispatched to Fuxing Village (伏兴村) by the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区人力资源和社会保障厅), introduced: "The village committee staff visit regularly and, learning about his family's situation, sent work to his door."
As early as 2021, wealthy individuals from the county came to Fuxing Village (伏兴村) and established the Mashan County Guangyuan Planting Professional Cooperative (马山县广源种植专业合作社) to contract the Leishan (雷山) mountains in the village to plant hemp bamboo and develop the industry.
"The bamboo shoot industry has a lot of nursing work, including weeding, pruning, fertilizing, harvesting, and processing, so the amount of labor is large." Tan Jun (谭俊), the head of the cooperative, said, "The hemp bamboo shoot industrial base needs 20 person-times of labor every day, providing more than 4,000 person-times of work every year. We need to recruit workers, farmers have to earn money, and cadres act as 'matchmakers' to bring things together."
"There is work nearby, taking care of the family and earning money. After recovering, I decided not to go out again and become a bamboo worker in the village." Qin Jimian (覃继棉) said that he can earn 4,000 yuan a month, and his finances are no longer tight.
"Lao Qin (老覃) is employed near the hemp bamboo shoot industrial base, and his income is stable. In 2024, after evaluation by the village committee, the risk of returning to poverty was eliminated," said Qi Haijun (戚海军).
After several years of development, the planting area of the bamboo shoot industry has grown from the initial 600 mu to 850 mu. In 2024, the local government invested more than 3 million yuan to build roads and coordinate the planning of the Leishan Agricultural, Cultural, and Tourism Industrial Park (雷山农文旅产业园), cultivating and expanding 1,200 mu of oil tea, 130 mu of Sanhua plum, and other industries.
With the prosperity of the industry, the types of jobs needed have increased, and young people are also choosing to return to their hometowns. Qin Jimian's (覃继棉) nephew, Qin Shangman (覃尚满), started working at the base, loading and transporting bamboo shoots, purchasing fertilizers, and other tasks. "For me, this job is very good." Qin Shangman (覃尚满) said, "As long as you are willing to work, you can earn money at your doorstep."
"Industry drives employment, and employment promotes industry. We suggest that enterprises focus on recruiting those who are unstable in poverty alleviation or those who have sudden and serious difficulties when recruiting workers, stabilize the employment income of those who have been lifted out of poverty, and make positive contributions to consolidating and expanding the results of poverty alleviation," said Qi Haijun (戚海军).
In 2025, the harvest of the Fuxing Village (伏兴村) hemp bamboo shoot industrial base has exceeded 1.5 million catties, cumulatively driving nearly 800 people who have been lifted out of poverty to increase their income, and the effect of linking farmers and benefiting farmers is obvious.
"Working no longer goes to distant places, the hometown is a good place." Qin Jimian (覃继棉) said, "Life is getting better and better."
"'The 15th Five-Year Plan' is planning and accumulating momentum, and we need to take the first step well and see a new atmosphere. Our village needs to do more practical things that the people can see, touch, and benefit from." Qi Haijun (戚海军) said that in the future, Fuxing Village (伏兴村) will focus on upgrading the Leishan Agricultural, Cultural, and Tourism Industrial Park (雷山农文旅产业园), strive to introduce 2 to 3 deep-processing enterprises for bamboo shoots, oil tea, and other characteristic agricultural products in the village, extend the industrial chain, and improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and quality benefits. In addition, it will also develop diversified job positions, and strive to add 50 nearby employment positions through park employment, public welfare job arrangements, and employment skills training to provide greater assistance for increasing the income of the masses.
Since 2025, Mashan County (马山县) has used resources such as the Guangdong-Guangxi East-West Cooperation Fund to guide 12 enterprises to land and put into production, introducing enterprises with actual investment of more than 180 million yuan, creating 1 industrial cluster, co-building 2 industrial parks, and assisting in the construction of 8 workshops, effectively driving local people to increase their income and become rich.
Return to TopBy: 余 璇
Taking care of the home and children while also learning skills and earning money. In Fuxing Village (伏兴村), Mashan County (马山县), Nanning (南宁), Guangxi (广西), the moso bamboo shoot characteristic industry is "rising steadily," driving employment for farmers near their homes, and making life more promising.
"Working no longer requires going far away; the hometown is a good place." The villagers' words express their sense of gain and happiness, and also confirm the practical effect of driving rural revitalization with thriving industries. In the past, there were few livelihoods in the village, and people could only go out to work; now, "delivering work to the doorstep," industrial bases are built at the entrance of the village, and jobs are delivered to the doorstep one by one. A new path of empowering the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside with characteristic industries is right before our eyes.
Industry drives employment, and employment promotes industry, forming a virtuous circle of mutual benefit. It is believed that as more characteristic industries take root and grow in the countryside, the "golden fruits" of industrial prosperity, stable employment, and rural wealth will become more and more abundant.
Return to TopOn October 23, a "Yangtze River Train" loaded with corn slowly departed from the port operation area on the Chengxigang Railway Special Line in Jiujiang (九江) City, Jiangxi (江西) Province, and was sent to Sichuan (四川) Province via the Qilihubei (七里湖) Station in Jiujiang (九江). The official opening of this channel marks the successful extension of the "Yangtze River Train" railway operation section to Jiangxi (江西) after covering Sichuan (四川), Hubei (湖北), and Hunan (湖南), thus achieving the goal of full coverage of the three provinces of Hubei (湖北), Hunan (湖南), and Jiangxi (江西) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
Hu Guolin (胡国林) Photo (Image China)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 田 泓
"My family of three has lived in the Xiaoliang thin-slab houses for over 40 years. In the past, I used to shiver from the cold when taking out the chamber pot in winter. I dreamed of having a spacious and clean home. This demolition and reconstruction will allow us to move into a new house with independent kitchen and bathroom facilities, truly solving a long-standing problem for generations."
On October 23rd, Zhang Zhong (张忠), a resident of Lane 1039, Huangxing Road, Yangpu District (杨浦区), Shanghai (上海), came to the old housing renovation site. Looking at the completed pile foundations, he began to look forward to moving into a new home and saying goodbye to the life of carrying a chamber pot.
Following the historic completion of large-scale old housing renovation in 2022, which resolved the concentrated "chamber pot" problem, after two years of tackling key points, with the early completion of the renovation task for 6,493 households with "chamber pots" this year, Shanghai (上海) generally completed the "chamber pot" renovation task by the end of September.
Cannot Walk Towards Modernization Carrying a Chamber Pot
In many photos and TV dramas reflecting the life of Shanghai (上海) residents, there are scenes of Shanghainese people emptying chamber pots in the early morning. On February 18, 1994, the reporter wrote in the communication "Small Chamber Pots Trouble Big Shanghai (上海)" on the newspaper's page:
"Under the eaves of the great Shanghai (上海), 700,000 chamber pots parade through the streets every day. This is not a fairytale. Even today in the 1990s, in this world-famous metropolis, millions of people still have to deal with chamber pots every day. Even in famous commercial areas such as Nanjing Road (南京路) and Huaihai Road (淮海路), you can still find traces of chamber pots if you walk into the small alleys in the back streets."
"In the early days, the sound of the dung cart's bell was the alarm clock in the alley. As the tinkling bell rang, a shout of 'Emptying chamber pots...' would be echoed by everyone, and every household would run out carrying their chamber pots."
The reason why small chamber pots became a necessary household item for Shanghainese people is mainly because of the large population and small living area. Most of the Shikumen (石库门) buildings, which housed "seventy-two tenants," were not specifically designed with bathrooms at the time of construction, so the problem of using the toilet could only be solved by emptying chamber pots.
Hai Pai (海派) culture writer Wu Feiyang (吾非羊) once wrote: "In an era with almost no septic tanks, sewage pipes, or flush toilets, Shanghai (上海) used wooden chamber pots, dung carts, sanitation workers, dung wharves, and fecal recycling personnel and equipment to construct a modern urban sewage public health system, thus becoming an important part of China's modern urban governance civilization."
On one side is a prosperous city, and on the other side is carrying a chamber pot. This contrast made the "carrying chamber pot" problem a pain point in the lives of Shanghainese people. Starting in the 1990s, the battle to tackle this practical matter of people's livelihood, "cannot walk towards modernization carrying a chamber pot," has spanned more than 30 years and has become a microcosm of Shanghai's (上海) urban governance.
Yangpu (杨浦) used to be one of the old industrial areas in Shanghai (上海) with the highest concentration of old houses below the second level, with a large number of workers' new villages, incomplete sets of houses, or staff and worker residences without sanitary facilities built in the 1950s to 1970s. Since the 1990s, under the continuous efforts of successive municipal party committees and governments, and under the guidance of the important concept of "people's city," Yangpu District (杨浦区) accelerated its progress and comprehensively completed the renovation of old areas in 2022, solving the "carrying chamber pot" problem for more than 164,000 households in old houses.
Also in this year, with the completion of the city's large-scale old housing renovation task, the problem of concentrated "carrying chamber pots" in Shanghai (上海) was basically solved.
In 2023, the Shanghai (上海) housing and construction department conducted a comprehensive survey of old houses without sanitary facilities distributed in scattered old renovation plots, old houses in the central urban area, and old towns and streets in the suburbs. By tracing back from the dung dumping stations, it finally identified 14,082 households with "carrying chamber pots," formulated a goal of completing the renovation task in two years, and carried out the final key point tackling.
"Although only a few residents are left 'carrying chamber pots,' it concerns the livelihood expectations of each individual. In Shanghai's (上海) journey to build an international metropolis, the needs of people and the improvement of the quality of life are inherent requirements," said Wang Zhen (王桢), director of the Shanghai Municipal Housing and Construction Commission (上海市住建委).
Bearing in mind the instruction of "a city is built by the people and is for the people," Shanghai (上海) launched a final assault on the "carrying chamber pot" problem.
"Not a Single Household Can Be Abandoned"
However, this final task is the "hardest of the hard nuts to crack."
What is the difficulty?
It was thought that the government's funding of the renovation of houses with "carrying chamber pots" that were not included in the old renovation scope by installing flush toilets and other methods would be very popular among residents. Unexpectedly, many residents were hesitant.
Why?
It's not that they don't want to say goodbye to the days of "carrying chamber pots," but that most of the residents who "carry chamber pots" have a housing area of less than 20 square meters. How can such a cramped space accommodate a "1-square-meter flush toilet"? Coupled with the layout of sewage pipes and the "not in my backyard" conflicts upstairs and downstairs... "**螺蛳壳里做道场**" (luó sī ké lǐ zuò dào cháng - "performing religious rites in a snail shell," to accomplish something great in a limited space), tests the technical level and the ability to do mass work.
After repeated research, Shanghai (上海) established three ways to renovate the remaining "carrying chamber pots": First, combine scattered old renovations or block updates to implement expropriation and renovation or agreement replacement; second, combine demolition and reconstruction to achieve exclusive use of kitchens and bathrooms, and solve both living conditions and housing safety issues; third, for some alley houses involving style protection requirements, explore the "in-house installation + out-of-house installation + protective repair" three-synchronization comprehensive renovation model, and improve residents' living conditions to the greatest extent on the basis of "keeping the house and keeping the people." In addition, for points with limited space and scattered distribution, adopt bottom-line guarantee methods such as adding sanitary facilities according to local conditions.
"During the implementation process, we emphasize the need to adhere to adapting to local conditions and implementing policies according to different categories, and to coordinate the relationship between ensuring people's livelihood and improving quality, and between the present and the long-term, to find the optimal solution under multiple constraints, and to respond to residents' urgent expectations with a more thorough renovation method," a comrade from the Shanghai Municipal Housing and Construction Commission (上海市住建委) told reporters.
In order to find out the number of "carrying chamber pots," the staff of Yangpu District (杨浦区) squatted at each of the 63 dung dumping stations in the district to count them. After discovering that some industrial land that was not originally registered also had "carrying chamber pots," the housing and construction department took the initiative to join hands with the original system units of the old factory buildings to complete the renovation task of more than 10 households without sanitary facilities on the basis of fully considering the residents' demands and wishes.
No. 18-27, Lane 1039, Huangxing Road (黄兴路) is a multi-story small-beam thin-slab and brick-concrete structure old house built in the 1960s, with 180 households "carrying chamber pots." By demolishing the old house and building a new one on the original site, the average area per household increased from 15.6 square meters to 31.7 square meters, which not only solved the problem of flush toilets, but also increased the living area.
No. 41, Guojing Road (国京路) is a protected building. During the renovation, following the principle of minimal intervention and repairing the old as before, the miscellaneous room on the first floor was transformed into a row of centralized toilets, and an independent toilet space was created for each household. Lightweight materials were used to reduce the impact on the load-bearing capacity of the floor slab, and the interior walls and floors were restored according to the original style, preserving the original appearance of the building.
"Not a single household can be abandoned," said Chen Ying (陈颖), director of the Yangpu District (杨浦区) Housing Renovation and Development Center.
"My Heart is Full of Hope"
Although installing toilets is what the people want, it is not easy to do good things well.
"The upgrading and renovation of old houses without sanitary facilities is an important people's livelihood project, which has the attributes of development, people's livelihood, and governance. Only by solving practical problems from the standpoint of the masses, relying closely on the masses, and fully mobilizing the masses can we maximize the cohesion of people's hearts and seek the greatest common divisor," said Chen Ying (陈颖).
Changhai Road (长海路) Street has a "Neighborhood Think Tank," which dispels concerns, resolves knots, and promotes signing through the personal experiences of neighbors; Yinhang (殷行) Street promotes the rapid implementation of projects through party building leadership, two-line communication, process reengineering, and emotional counseling; Dinghai Road (定海路) Street broadens residents' participation paths through one-on-one demand docking, on-site demonstration by technical consultants, etc.
"Listen to the people's opinions and solve the people's worries, upgrade the people-benefiting project, and effectively improve the quality of life of residents," Li Rong (李荣), secretary of the Party Working Committee and director of the People's Congress Working Committee of Dinghai Road (定海路) Street, introduced the working method to reporters.
"The first is to listen, every household's voice is important." Li Rong (李荣) told reporters that the street and the neighborhood committee formed a joint working group, and party members and volunteers participated in the whole process to patiently explain and carefully listen, and communicated and resolved concerns such as small area and difficult construction one by one. Tailor-made "one household, one plan" for different family realities...
"In the construction process, we must deliver services to the hearts of the residents." Li Rong (李荣) listed many service details, such as strictly limiting the operation time, building enclosures, preventing dust and reducing noise, cleaning the construction site and removing garbage every day to minimize disturbance to the people, and also inviting professional engineers to answer questions on the spot and help install water heaters and repair lines, using small details to convey warmth.
"From the formulation of the plan to the signing of the relocation, the government allowed us ordinary people to speak throughout the whole process, and we could raise opinions online and offline, without any deception," resident Zhang Zhong (张忠) said with emotion.
The "carrying chamber pot" renovation battle is accelerating!
In 2024, 7,589 households completed the renovation, and 9 districts including Xuhui (徐汇), Changning (长宁), Putuo (普陀), Minhang (闵行), Jinshan (金山), Songjiang (松江), Qingpu (青浦), Fengxian (奉贤), and Baoshan (宝山) completed the "carrying chamber pot" renovation task ahead of schedule;
In 2025, the implementation path will be further refined, and the time nodes will be reversed. With the completion of the renovation of the last 6,493 households, the people of Shanghai (上海) will finally bid farewell to "carrying chamber pots" completely.
"Whenever I think of the future life, my heart is full of hope," Zhang Zhong's (张忠) words are full of anticipation.
Return to TopThis newspaper's Beijing (北京) dispatch on October 23rd (Reporter Ouyang Jie (欧阳洁)) states that in the first three quarters of this year, the import and export volume of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀) region reached 3.51 trillion yuan, accounting for 10.4% of China's (中国) total import and export value. Among them, exports reached 1.07 trillion yuan, a record high for the same period, with a year-on-year increase of 5.2%, maintaining growth for six consecutive months.
Private enterprises have become the "main force" in stabilizing foreign trade. In the first three quarters, there were 35,400 private enterprises with export performance in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀) region, an increase of 3,869 compared to the same period last year, with exports of 500.12 billion yuan, accounting for 46.6% of the total export value of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀) region, an increase of 15.7%, driving the overall export growth of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀) region by 6.7 percentage points.
Diversified markets continue to expand. In the first three quarters, the advantageous and distinctive commodities of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀) region were widely favored by the international market, maintaining stable trade relations with 241 countries and regions. Among them, exports to countries jointly building the "Belt and Road" (一带一路) reached 621.56 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5%, accounting for 57.9% of the total export value of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀) region.
Return to TopHarbin, October 23rd (Reporter Guo Xiaolong (郭晓龙)) The 2025 China National Computer Congress (中国计算机大会) opened on the 23rd in Harbin (哈尔滨市), Heilongjiang Province (黑龙江省). With the theme of "Digital Intelligence Empowerment, Infinite Possibilities," the conference is hosted by the China Computer Federation (中国计算机学会) and organized by Harbin Engineering University (哈尔滨工程大学) and Harbin Institute of Technology (哈尔滨工业大学). It aims to explore the cutting-edge progress and future trends of digital intelligence technology and promote the deep integration of computing technology with the economy and society.
It is reported that the conference has set up more than 150 special forums, covering nine thematic areas including artificial intelligence basic models, machine learning theory and mechanism, data management and governance for artificial intelligence, and reinforcement learning and reasoning, involving hot areas such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing.
Return to TopBy: 张 乐
Comprehensively enhance the capability of independent innovation, seize the high ground of scientific and technological development, and continuously foster new quality productive forces.
——Excerpt from the "Communique of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China"
At the end of August 2024, when I received the seemingly tiny but immensely significant 3.5 grams of Chang'e-6 lunar soil samples in Beijing (北京), I was not only touching celestial material from 380,000 kilometers away, but also the eternal dream of humanity to explore the mysteries of the universe. My heart was filled with excitement.
As soon as I got the sample, I shone a flashlight on the glass bottle. The gray-black lunar soil powder, finer than I had imagined, sparkled mysteriously in the beam. We rushed back to Guangzhou (广州) that day, where a team of more than 30 researchers was already prepared and ready to go. Everyone quickly plunged into the research. Colleagues used techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, ion probes, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to analyze the samples and made a series of discoveries.
Lunar dichotomy—a problem that has plagued the scientific community for decades—is the core issue of our research. There are significant differences between the near and far sides of the Moon in terms of morphology, composition, crustal thickness, and magmatic activity, but the formation mechanism of these differences is still debated. The Chang'e-6 probe landed in an ancient volcanic lava area in the southern part of the Apollo basin on the far side of the Moon. It was the first successful lunar far side sampling mission, providing us with key clues to solve the puzzle of lunar dichotomy. By studying these lunar soils, we can not only reveal the geological history of the far side of the Moon, but also improve the overall lunar evolution framework, providing an important reference for understanding the formation and evolution of terrestrial planets.
After more than two months of intensive research, the first batch of research results was published in the journal *Science* on November 15, 2024. We found that the volcanic lava in the Chang'e-6 landing area formed 2.83 billion years ago. This discovery confirms that there is also young magmatic activity less than 3 billion years old on the far side of the Moon, and the deep material composition of the Moon may be one of the important reasons for the formation of lunar dichotomy.
After more than a year of research, we have also achieved a number of important results. The research revealed key information about the early impact history of the Moon, in particular determining the formation time of the Apollo basin, providing key evidence for the study of the late heavy bombardment of the Moon; for the first time, fragments of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites were found in the lunar soil. These extraterrestrial materials, rich in water and organic matter, provide new clues for exploring the source of water on the lunar surface. The team also proposed a new model of lunar deep thermal dynamics through comparative studies of Chang'e-6 volcanic samples and Apollo samples... These results not only deepen the understanding of lunar geological evolution and the early history of the solar system, but also provide important basic data and engineering references for future lunar resource utilization and deep space exploration missions.
The story of the Moon is far from over, and our exploration will continue.
Not long ago, we received a new batch of lunar soil samples and will continue to focus on key issues such as the differences between the near and far sides of the Moon. Looking ahead to the "15th Five-Year Plan," the team will rely on existing technological accumulation to continuously deepen the research on lunar samples, strive to achieve more new breakthroughs in the understanding of lunar evolution history, make new and greater contributions to promoting planetary science development and deep space exploration missions, and strive to fill in the "key puzzle" of lunar research.
(The author is a senior engineer at the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry (广州地球化学研究所) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院). This article was compiled by Jiang Xiaodan (姜晓丹), a reporter from this newspaper.)
Extended Reading
Lunar Soil is a "Key" to Studying the Moon
Lunar soil is the fine particles on the surface of the Moon. It seems ordinary, but it is a "key" to studying lunar geological evolution, the early history of the solar system, and even planetary science. The lunar soil samples brought back by China's Chang'e-5 (嫦娥五号) and Chang'e-6 (嫦娥六号) missions, especially the lunar far side samples obtained for the first time by Chang'e-6, provide valuable research materials for researchers. Studying these lunar soil samples can help us more comprehensively understand the formation and evolution of the Moon.
Lunar soil research faces many challenges. The first is that the sample size is extremely small and extremely precious. Chang'e-6 only brought back 1935.3 grams of lunar soil, and the amount that can be allocated to research institutions nationwide is only a few grams to dozens of grams each time, and there are strict requirements for consumption.
In addition, due to the special lunar environment, the analysis methods for these lunar soil samples cannot be directly copied from the traditional analysis methods for Earth samples. It is necessary to greatly optimize the research methods, which also puts high demands on instrument accuracy and technological accumulation.
In the face of these problems, the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry (广州地球化学研究所) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) has formed a multidisciplinary professional team composed of more than 30 researchers to jointly carry out research on lunar soil samples. The team has achieved fruitful results in the research of the first batch of samples, which not only deepened the understanding of the evolution of the Moon and even the solar system, but also laid a technical foundation for the research of asteroid and Mars samples in the future. In the next step, the team will continue to study based on the newly approved samples, further uncover the mysterious veil of the Moon, strive to explore more mysteries about the universe and the Moon, and add glory to the construction of a strong aerospace power.
(Compiled by Jiang Xiaodan (姜晓丹), a reporter from this newspaper)
Return to TopBy: 刘涓溪
Analyzing and measuring the composition of lunar soil, and conducting in-depth research using scanning electron microscopes, ion probes, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the 3.5 grams of lunar soil samples brought back by Chang'e-6 (嫦娥六号) have become the key for Zhang Le (张乐) and his team to decode the evolutionary history of the moon billions of years ago. They continue to tackle key problems, striving to achieve new breakthroughs in the study of cosmic evolution.
Behind scientific research and innovation lies the result of researchers' bold exploration and striving for advancement. Chang'e-6 (嫦娥六号) achieved the first lunar far side sampling and return in human history. These brand-new, never-before-studied lunar soil samples are like a "mysterious express delivery" from the universe, attracting worldwide attention. Scientific researchers have withstood the pressure and risen to the challenges, achieving many scientific research results, refreshing human's existing knowledge of the moon, and making Chinese contributions to lunar research.
Behind the innovative achievements is the "China Speed" of scientific research. The lunar soil research team raced against time and released the first batch of scientific research results in just over two months. Achieving such results relies on the accumulation of "**板凳甘坐十年冷**" (bǎn dèng gān zuò shí nián lěng - "willing to sit on a bench for ten years in the cold," enduring long periods of dedicated study and research), the cooperation of "**乘众人之智**" (chéng zhòng rén zhī zhì - "harnessing the wisdom of the masses," leveraging collective intelligence), and the courage of "**创新敢为天下先**" (chuàng xīn gǎn wéi tiān xià xiān - "innovation dares to be the first in the world," daring to be a pioneer in innovation).
Exploring space is a never-ending journey. Looking to the future, Chinese scientists will continue to strengthen original innovation and tackle key core technologies, and continue to write more inspiring innovation stories.
Return to TopBy: 刘凯鹏
We must promote and practice the core socialist values, vigorously promote cultural undertakings, accelerate the development of cultural industries, and enhance the communication and influence of Chinese civilization.
——Excerpt from the "Communique of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China"
Every morning, when I come to work at "Only Henan·Drama Land (只有河南·戏剧幻城)," seeing the sunlight shining on the 100 acres of sorghum fields, I feel extremely grounded.
Walking along the sorghum fields, a rammed earth wall comes into view. The wall is made of loess, 328 meters long and about 15 meters high, which is very spectacular. Some tourists who come to visit exclaim: "This sense of weight seems to be the weight of culture."
This panoramic immersive drama theme park opened in June 2021. In the past 4 years, it has received about 50 million visitors and is committed to presenting a cultural feast that travels through time for everyone. Based on the Yellow River civilization, it has 21 theaters of various sizes, nearly a thousand actors, and is divided into three main dramas and 18 small dramas, with a total drama duration of 800 minutes.
"If we hold on to this food, we will hold on to the roots of our Li Village (李家村)!" In the Li Village Theater (李家村剧场), the old village chief's roar is deafening. The Li Village Theater is one of the main theaters of "Only Henan·Drama Land." Realistic scenery and dynamic stages allow the audience and actors to immerse themselves in it and return to that difficult time together. Every time I watch it, I can't help but feel the same as the audience, and tears well up in my eyes like them. I understand that this play has touched people's hearts, inspiring everyone to cherish the present, work hard, and create a better life.
In order to allow the audience to immerse themselves in the play, we have put a lot of thought into it. For example, we use multimedia technology, virtual reality technology, augmented reality technology and other technological means to break the boundaries between actors, audiences and the stage. The holographic projection of wheat waves undulates under the feet of the actors, coupled with shocking sound effects, bringing a better experience to the audience.
Henan's (河南) thousands of years of history and culture have countless moments worth discovering, recording, and presenting. We actively use digital technology to create exquisite scenes and use them as an important means to display Henan culture, allowing the audience to appreciate the charm of this land in a short period of time.
In the past few years, we have played this concerto of cultural and technological integration with great success. Take this year's National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays as an example. The total number of viewers of "Only Henan·Drama Land" reached 1.05 million, and the Zhengzhou Zhongmu New District (郑州市中牟新区), where the theater is located, received more than 3.06 million tourists, setting a new high for the number of tourists during the holidays. This shows that the cultural industry represented by theaters is becoming a strong driving force for promoting local economic and social development.
Working in the front line of the cultural industry for a long time, I have also felt the strong support of government departments. For example, Zhongmu New District has introduced relevant policies to support the digital upgrade of scenic spots, promote the creation of national 5A-level tourist attractions, and guide technology companies to cooperate with scenic spots through the "government builds the stage, enterprises perform" model to promote the application of immersive technology.
Culture is the soul of a country and a nation. Cultural prosperity leads to national prosperity, and cultural strength leads to national strength. For me, exploring more possibilities of "Only Henan·Drama Land" and finding more ways to open up Henan culture are pursuits engraved in my heart. Looking forward to the "15th Five-Year Plan," we must further increase the integration of culture and technology, take root in the broad and profound Chinese civilization, follow the trend of information technology development, persevere in doing it, and tell the story of Henan and China with heart and soul. I believe that with the joint efforts of everyone, there will be more and more new cultural formats, and more people will share the fruits of cultural development.
(The author is the head of the brand department of "Only Henan·Drama Land" in Zhengzhou (郑州), Henan. This report was compiled and edited by Fang Min (方敏), a reporter from this newspaper.)
Extended Reading
The Development of the Cultural Industry Reaches a New Level
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the development of China's cultural industry reached a new level, playing an important role in serving major national strategies, meeting the people's spiritual and cultural needs, promoting economic and social development, and enhancing the influence of Chinese culture.
The operating entities in the cultural market have continued to grow, and their contribution to the development of the national economy has further increased. The total assets of the cultural industry have steadily increased, the scale of revenue has continued to expand, and the profitability has been effectively improved. In 2024, the cultural industry achieved operating income of 19.14 trillion yuan, an increase of 37.7% compared with 2020; there were 78,000 cultural enterprises above designated size, an increase of 13,000 compared with 2020.
The structural layout of the cultural industry has continued to be optimized. Traditional cultural formats have been transformed and upgraded, new cultural formats have been accelerated, digital cultural products have continued to emerge, and excellent cultural and creative products have continued to be popular... In 2024, among cultural enterprises above designated size, the new cultural format industry achieved operating income of 5.9 trillion yuan, accounting for more than 40% of the entire cultural industry.
Performing arts economy, nighttime economy, ticket stub economy... During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, a series of consumption promotion activities and benefit-the-people measures in the field of cultural industry have achieved good results, effectively extending the consumption chain. According to incomplete statistics, in 2024, various regions held a total of 210,000 related benefit-the-people activities, distributed 2.3 billion yuan in consumer coupons and other benefit-the-people subsidies, driving consumption of more than 140 billion yuan.
Looking forward to the "15th Five-Year Plan," cultural creativity, technological innovation, and industrial integration will further stimulate growth vitality, continue to promote the high-quality development of the cultural industry, and better meet the diverse spiritual and cultural needs of the people.
(Compiled by Lu Tao (卢涛), a reporter from this newspaper)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 银 燕 宋朝军
Silk Road camel bells, a millennium of echoes. Dunhuang (敦煌), has always connected East and West with an open attitude, embracing the major concerns of human civilization.
Recently, the 2025 "World Mayors Dialogue·Dunhuang" event, themed "Civilization Symphony Harmony and Resonance," was held in Dunhuang City (敦煌市), Gansu Province (甘肃省).
Mayors, mayor representatives, ambassadors to China, and young sinologists from 10 countries, among other Chinese and foreign guests, participated in the forum to jointly explore the opportunities and challenges facing cultural city governance.
The Dunhuang Research Academy (敦煌研究院), through cooperation with 23 overseas institutions, has obtained more than 100,000 high-definition cultural relic resources; in cooperation with 17 domestic institutions, it has created the "Digital Library Cave" platform integrating artificial intelligence technology, and took the lead in building and launching the world's first blockchain-based "Digital Dunhuang Open Material Library," realizing global sharing and intelligent inheritance.
Currently, cities must not only develop but also protect cultural heritage. This is the wisdom of civilization inheritance and a common issue facing global city governors.
"We, like Dunhuang (敦煌), protect nature and cherish heritage. I believe that the establishment of friendly city relations between Garni and Dunhuang (敦煌) will become a bridge connecting the people of the two countries and inject impetus into cooperation and development in the fields of culture, ecology, and tourism," said Tigran Poxosyan, head of the Garni community of Kotayk Province (科泰克省) in the Republic of Armenia (亚美尼亚共和国).
Massimo Andreoli, the representative of the Mayor of Venice (威尼斯市), Italy (意大利), said that Dunhuang (敦煌) and Venice (威尼斯), one a desert land heritage and the other a water city heritage, both have extremely fragile remains and should deepen mutual learning and cooperation to cope with the common challenges facing global heritage sites.
Dunhuang (敦煌) uses digital technology to reproduce thousand-year-old murals, while Venice (威尼斯) combines traditional craftsmanship with intelligent applications. Facing the common challenges facing global heritage sites, mutual respect and learning among different civilizations are converging into a vivid practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind.
Open the window to see greenery, go out and enter the park.
In the main dialogue session, around the "solution" to cultural city governance, Zhu Jianjun (朱建军), Mayor of Dunhuang City (敦煌市), and mayors and mayor representatives from four overseas cities discussed opportunities and challenges, and explored governance experiences in green development and smart cities and other fields.
"Although surrounded by the desert, Dunhuang (敦煌) is one of the cleanest cities I have ever seen. Dunhuang's (敦煌) experience in urban management, sandstorm control, and other aspects is worth learning," said Burak Deste, the representative of the Mayor of Manisa (马尼萨市), Turkey (土耳其).
As dusk falls, the Dunhuang (敦煌) night market is bustling, maintaining both tranquility and embracing noise.
In Zhu Jianjun's (朱建军) view, today's Dunhuang (敦煌) is increasingly "international": it has built the second largest million-level branch airport in the Northwest, deeply explored smart tourism to improve services, upgraded performance brands such as "Encounter Dunhuang"《又见敦煌》 and "Dunhuang Grand Ceremony"《敦煌盛典》, and cultivated new formats such as bookstores and printing houses, showcasing the splendid style of ancient and modern integration.
Hari Prasad Gnawali, the representative of the Mayor of Lumbini (蓝毗尼市), Nepal (尼泊尔), mentioned that Lumbini (蓝毗尼) as a World Cultural Heritage city, is balancing heritage protection and modern development needs, and ultimately building a city governance model with cultural resilience, social inclusion, and sustainable development vitality through the implementation of inclusive cultural policies, smart tourism, community co-governance, and other innovative paths.
Venice (威尼斯) protects ancient techniques such as glass and lace, and also uses digital maps to illuminate hidden corners, guiding tourists to explore certified artisan shops and secret landscapes; Manisa (马尼萨市) closely focuses on the themes of "water" and "food," and has embarked on a development path that does not sacrifice nature, and allows citizens to become the true protagonists of the co-construction process; Garni (加尼市) carries Armenia's (亚美尼亚) profound spiritual and cultural heritage, protecting ancient traditions while embracing the world's diverse cultures with an open attitude.
Civilizations learn from each other, and mountains and seas resonate. Dialogue guests used cases as a guide to discuss the way of cultural city governance. Cities have different endowments, some are suitable for business and living, and some are suitable for leisure and tourism, but the consensus is clear: the common goal of city governance is not only to make people yearn for it, but also to make people live and work in peace and contentment and enjoy a better life.
Dunhuang (敦煌) not only protects the past but also creates the future. Su Bomin (苏伯民), President of the Dunhuang Research Academy (敦煌研究院), said that the Mogao Grottoes (莫高窟) in Dunhuang (敦煌) are a monument to the convergence of diverse civilizations on the Silk Road, demonstrating the open and inclusive spirit of Chinese civilization.
In order to strengthen the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, Dunhuang (敦煌) is using digital technology to protect civilization, building a "Digital Library Cave" to make murals "immortal" in the cloud; the "Starry Sky Concert" for tens of thousands of people in the desert has been widely praised; in 2024, Dunhuang City (敦煌市) received more than 20.92 million tourists. The city also integrates elements such as flying apsaras and the Nine-Colored Deer into more than 9,000 cultural and creative products, allowing the cultural context of Dunhuang (敦煌) to be integrated into daily life through bookstores, markets, and digital experiences.
In the Dunhuang Printing House (敦煌印局), tourists can experience more than 10 kinds of traditional and modern printing methods; the "Dunhuang Boundless" art space, transformed from an old factory building, has created an immersive cultural place integrating exhibitions, experiences, and consumption, becoming a model for the inheritance of cultural heritage.
"Everyone can experience printing down the ancient patterns of the Mogao Grottoes (莫高窟), which is a new way of emotional expression," Massimo Andreoli said with emotion that the Dunhuang Printing House (敦煌印局) and "Dunhuang Boundless" are models for the inheritance of cultural heritage.
Return to TopWhile rushing to harvest rice, Fanchang District (繁昌区), Wuhu City (芜湖市), Anhui Province (安徽省) has increased its efforts to recycle rice straw, turning it into fertilizer, feed, fuel, and other products, effectively improving the comprehensive utilization rate of rice straw. The picture shows agricultural machinery operators driving agricultural machinery to bundle and load rice straw in the high-standard farmland of Pingpu Town (平铺镇), Fanchang District (繁昌区), Wuhu City (芜湖市) on October 23.
Lu Junyuan (鲁君元) Photo (Image China (影像中国))
Return to TopThis newspaper Tianjin (天津) October 23rd (Reporters Chang Qin (常钦) and Li Jiading (李家鼎)) On the 23rd, at the 2025 China International Mining Conference, the Ministry of Natural Resources (自然资源部) released the "China Mineral Resources Report (2025)". The report shows that in 2024, China's geological exploration investment was 115.994 billion yuan, achieving positive growth for four consecutive years, with a cumulative investment of nearly 450 billion yuan in mineral exploration funds since the "14th Five-Year Plan"; 150 new mineral deposits were discovered nationwide.
The report shows that China's new round of strategic action for mineral exploration breakthroughs has made important progress, the foundation of mineral resources has been further strengthened, and a series of major mineral exploration breakthroughs have been achieved in key metallogenic belts and large oil and gas basins: In terms of oil and gas minerals, multiple major breakthroughs have been achieved in new strata, new zones, and new types in the Tarim Basin (塔里木盆地), Junggar Basin (准噶尔盆地), Sichuan Basin (四川盆地), etc.; In terms of non-oil and gas minerals, significant results have been achieved in the exploration of bulk minerals such as copper, iron, and phosphate, with substantial increases in resource volume; Progress has been made in the exploration of strategic minerals such as lithium, zirconium, hafnium, rare earth, and helium, and the resource advantages of minerals such as tungsten, molybdenum, antimony, fluorite, and graphite have been further consolidated. In 2024, 150 new mineral deposits were discovered nationwide, including 49 large ones, 54 medium ones, and 47 small ones.
In 2024, China's fixed asset investment in the mining industry continued to grow, increasing by 10.5% compared to the previous year. The output of 10 non-ferrous metals continued to grow, and the output of energy minerals such as coal, crude oil, and natural gas reached new historical highs.
In 2024, China released and implemented 10 national standards and 85 industry standards in the field of mineral resources. The Deep Earth Major Science and Technology Project was officially approved and implemented, and the "Deep-time Digital Earth" international big science program was launched. Various science and technology innovation platforms focus on basic theoretical research, key technology research, and engineering research and development, actively serving major strategic tasks in the field of mineral resources such as the new round of strategic action for mineral exploration breakthroughs.
Return to TopLayout by: Zhang Danfeng (张丹峰)
Return to TopOn the shores of the vast South China Sea, a 4,269-square-kilometer tropical rainforest is inlaid like an emerald in the central part of Hainan Island (海南岛). This is the hometown of the Hainan gibbon, the life source of the Nandu River (南渡江) and Wanquan River (万泉河), and one of the first five national parks officially established in China – Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (海南热带雨林国家公园). Since its official establishment in October 2021, this ecological treasure house, guided by the national ecological strategy, has delivered a green answer sheet of synergistic progress in ecological protection and high-quality development through four years of intensive cultivation.
Institutional Innovation –
Consolidating the Foundation of Governance and Building a Protection Network
The improvement of the national park's governance effectiveness lies in the scientific and complete overall design of the system and mechanism. Through multi-dimensional promotion and multi-party collaboration, the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has built a complete management system. After the second joint meeting of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林草局) and the Hainan Provincial Party Committee (海南省委) and Provincial Government (省政府) in May 2022, the management mechanism was comprehensively optimized, creating a new model of high-level coordination in national parks. In April 2025, the "Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Management Agency Establishment Plan" was approved, and the Party Group of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration (海南热带雨林国家公园管理局党组) was officially established, marking a move towards standardization and specialization of the management system.
The collaborative mechanism has been strengthened simultaneously. Within the framework of the National Park Judicial Protection Collaboration Alliance, member courts have achieved mutual recognition and sharing of the environmental resource trial technical expert database, and multiple departments have jointly carried out the "Qingshan Action" (清山行动), holding more than 30 joint meetings since 2022. The "Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Regulations (Draft for Review)" will be further adjusted and improved in conjunction with the "National Park Law of the People's Republic of China" (中华人民共和国国家公园法), which will be officially implemented on January 1, 2026, providing a more solid legal guarantee for park management. The various branches of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration actively promote legal publicity. Among them, the Jianfengling Branch (尖峰岭分局) produced 12 publicity banners, 6 exhibition boards, and 500 publicity leaflets, and posted 3 photos in the publicity column; the Maorui Branch (毛瑞分局) carried out the "Tropical Rainforest Enters the Classroom" activity, creating a good atmosphere of respecting, learning, abiding by, and using the law.
Ecological Restoration –
Scientifically Protecting the Rainforest and Reshaping Vitality
Through comprehensive resource surveys and monitoring, Hainan has initially achieved "one map" management of land, forests, and other resources. 1,050 mu of ecological restoration of artificial forests and low-quality and inefficient forests have been completed, 278,500 treatments of coconut rhinoceros beetle, 43,350 mu of golden bell vine control, and 4,443 mu of mile-a-minute weed control. As a flagship species, the Hainan gibbon population has increased from 5 groups of 33 individuals four years ago to the current 7 groups of 42 individuals, with more than 5,000 mu of habitat restored, more than 300,000 native tree species planted, and 28 rope corridors built.
The forest fire prevention capability has been comprehensively improved. The Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has newly built 187 kilometers of fire prevention emergency roads, 15 new forest fire lookout points, and integrated 21 iron tower video surveillance routes. An investment of 83.42 million yuan was made to launch the "sky-ground" integrated monitoring system, realizing real-time data sharing with the National Forestry and Grassland Administration's sensing system. The Limushan (黎母山) area has built a three-dimensional prevention and control network of "human defense + technical defense" by improving infrastructure such as electronic fences, rainforest boardwalks, and fire prevention channels.
Green Development –
Activating Ecological Value and Enhancing People's Livelihood
The innovation of the ecological value transformation mechanism has achieved remarkable results. The Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has carried out ecosystem gross product (GEP) accounting for five consecutive years, and the GEP has increased steadily from 204.513 billion yuan at the beginning of its establishment to 208.752 billion yuan in 2023. After the first batch of 14 identified original ecological products used special logos, the monthly sales of related enterprises increased by 20%-30%. After the ecological relocation of Gaofeng Village (高峰村) in Baisha Li Autonomous County (白沙黎族自治县), the per capita annual income of villagers reached 27,540 yuan, and the village collective economy exceeded one million yuan for the first time.
The community co-construction and sharing model is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has implemented the national park community and village human settlement environment improvement project, benefiting 56 villages. Purchasing services for 231 community ecological rangers in the national park, 1,350 local residents were given priority for ecological ranger positions, and the ecological compensation plan for non-state-owned public welfare forests was implemented, effectively increasing the income of residents in the park. The output value of the under-forest economy in Baisha County exceeded 660 million yuan, and the planting of mushrooms and alpinia oxyphylla under rubber forests has become a new engine for farmers to increase their income. The tourism highway around the national park will achieve functional opening to traffic by the end of 2024, and the construction of 15 entrance communities is steadily advancing. Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County (保亭黎族苗族自治县) has launched boutique routes such as the "Rainforest Autumn Charm Tour", and the Qixianling Scenic Area (七仙岭景区) has carried out special themed activities to promote the high-quality development of ecological tourism.
Education and Propaganda Combination –
Building Social Consensus and Creating a Cultural Brand
The Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration has coordinated and promoted the construction of the education and propaganda system, achieving remarkable results: the establishment of the Hainan Provincial Natural Education Association, building a new pattern of natural education with government guidance and social participation; the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park was successfully selected into the first batch of national forestry and grassland science popularization base list, highlighting the demonstration status of ecological education.
The characteristic education and propaganda activities of each branch are wonderful: the Hainan gibbon propaganda MV "Gibbon Cries in the Rainforest" produced by the Bawangling Branch (霸王岭分局) has received more than one million views across the entire network; the Limushan Branch has carried out 30 natural education activities in schools, covering 1,805 teachers and students; the Yinggeling (鹦哥岭) Animal and Plant Museum has completed the exhibition upgrade of 1,864 square meters, and nearly 20,000 specimens have become an important science popularization carrier.
The construction of cultural brands has yielded fruitful results. "China Hainan: Rainforest Secret Realm" led and produced by the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration has won 12 domestic and foreign awards such as the American Telly Award, and its international influence has continued to increase. Actively promote the application of "Hainan Tropical Rainforest and Li Traditional Settlements" for world dual heritage, and the application text has passed the format review of UNESCO.
The integration of culture and tourism has deepened and developed. The "Rainforest Red Heart Celebrates the Birthday of the Motherland" online activity planned by the Diaoluoshan Branch (吊罗山分局) was jointly promoted by the Lingshui Li Autonomous County Tourism, Culture, Radio, Television and Sports Bureau (陵水黎族自治县旅游文化和广电体育局) and the Lingshui Li Autonomous County Committee of the Communist Youth League (共青团陵水黎族自治县委员会), showing the real-time situation of waterfalls and cloud seas through Douyin slow live broadcast, and the expected exposure will exceed 1 million times. The Wuzhishan Branch (五指山分局) has built an ecological plank road system with a total length of 5,390 meters, realizing a balance between tourism and protection. The "Rainforest and You" experience activity has been held for four consecutive sessions and has become a landmark ecological tourism brand.
Park-Land Integration –
Coordinating Co-governance and Win-Win, Exploring a New Path of Harmony
The community coordination mechanism operates on a regular basis. In 2024, the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration collected 87 issues through 7 coordination meetings and resolved 78 issues. The renovation of production and living facilities for indigenous residents is subject to a record-keeping system, simplifying the approval process. The pilot project of easement reform was carried out in Maona Village (毛纳村), Wuzhishan City (五指山市), exploring a new path for unified management of natural resources.
Science and technology empower industrial upgrading. The Yinggeling Branch, in conjunction with Hainan University (海南大学), jointly built a 10-mu Hainan Big Leaf Tea cultivation base, and Nankai Township (南开乡) in Baisha County bred 350,000 seedlings. Green industry technology training was carried out in 6 towns in Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County (琼中黎族苗族自治县), Baisha County, and other places, popularizing technologies such as camellia planting and earthworm breeding to help the masses increase their income and become rich.
Green Journey –
Striving Forward and Depicting Ecological Brilliance
After four years of intensive cultivation, the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has moved from a planning blueprint to a vivid practice, becoming a vivid footnote to ecological civilization construction. In the future, the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park will continue to improve the "sky-ground" monitoring system, promote the innovation of the ecological product value realization mechanism, deepen park-land integration, and provide a "Chinese solution" for global tropical rainforest protection.
This rainforest is not only an ecological pearl of Hainan, but also a green cornerstone for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.
Data source: Hainan Provincial Forestry Bureau (Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration)
Return to TopBy: 欧阳纬柠
High-quality development is the primary task of building a socialist modern country in all respects and a key term in the fifth volume of "Xi Jinping: The Governance of China" (《习近平谈治国理政》). Adhering to high-quality development is one of the principles that must be followed for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. As an institutional guarantee and basic support for high-quality development, high-efficiency governance focuses on adjusting and improving production relations and optimizing resource allocation methods and social operation rules. The two complement each other and promote each other, unified in the great practice of Chinese-style modernization, and are an important driving force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Xi Jinping (习近平), General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, pointed out in the "Explanation on the 'Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-style Modernization'": "At present, the prominent problem facing the promotion of high-quality development is still unbalanced and insufficient development." "These problems are all reflections of changes in the main social contradictions and are problems in development. We must further comprehensively deepen reform and promote solutions from the institutional mechanism." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) has made a series of important expositions on high-quality development and high-efficiency governance. In May 2020, when General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) participated in the deliberation of the Inner Mongolia delegation to the Third Session of the 13th National People's Congress, he creatively proposed the major proposition of "high-efficiency governance," emphasizing that "targeted deployment of major plans, major reforms, and major policies that are tractional for high-quality development and high-efficiency governance, and mastering the initiative in responding to crises and fighting a good battle for development." In April 2025, when General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) presided over a symposium on economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period in some provinces and cities, he emphasized that planning for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period should pay more attention to coordinating development and security, "promoting the virtuous interaction between high-efficiency governance and high-quality development and high-level security"; in May, during an inspection in Henan, he pointed out that "striving to write a new chapter in promoting Chinese-style modernization in the Central Plains with high-quality development and high-efficiency governance." These important expositions profoundly clarify the complementary internal relationship between high-quality development and high-efficiency governance, and provide fundamental guidance for us to coordinate and promote high-quality development and high-efficiency governance.
Accurately grasping the internal relationship between high-quality development and high-efficiency governance and finding the focus of coordinating and promoting high-quality development and high-efficiency governance is of great significance for party members and cadres to truly learn and understand the party's innovative theories and promote practical innovation.
Coordinating and promoting high-quality development and high-efficiency governance is an inevitable requirement for promoting Chinese-style modernization.
The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed: "Promote the better adaptation of production relations to productive forces, the superstructure to the economic base, and national governance to social development, so as to provide strong impetus and institutional guarantees for Chinese-style modernization." High-quality development transcends the development mode of simply "assessing heroes based on economic growth rate" and is a comprehensive development that embodies the new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing, running through all fields and the entire process of economic and social development; high-efficiency governance, as an important embodiment of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, has become an important guarantee for supporting high-quality development and responding to complex domestic and international risks and challenges. It can be said that coordinating and promoting high-quality development and high-efficiency governance has become a key task with overall and tractional significance in the process of promoting Chinese-style modernization.
Contemporary China is experiencing the most grand and unique practical innovation in human history. The tasks of reform, development, and stability are unprecedentedly heavy, the contradictions, risks, and challenges are unprecedentedly numerous, and the tests of governing the country are unprecedentedly great. China's development is in a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing. From the perspective of domestic development, China's economy has always shown strong resilience and vitality, maintaining a steady and progressive development trend, accelerating the cultivation of new quality productive forces, continuously optimizing the industrial structure, and gradually enhancing domestic demand. However, we still need to be soberly aware that the tasks of reform, development, and stability facing China are still very complex and arduous, and there are still a large number of factors restricting high-quality development. From the perspective of the external environment, the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, and the international balance of power is undergoing profound adjustments. A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is developing in depth, and technological competition and geopolitical games are intertwined. Hegemonism, unilateralism, and protectionism are rampant. In order to maintain their hegemonic position, individual Western countries have successively launched trade wars and tariff wars, constantly impacting the global order, affecting the stability of the global industrial chain and supply chain, and weakening the momentum of world economic growth.
Coordinating and promoting high-quality development and high-efficiency governance is an inevitable move to respond to real challenges and shape future advantages, and it is the inherent meaning of steadily promoting Chinese-style modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized in "Accelerating the Construction of a New Development Pattern and Grasping the Initiative in Future Development": "More than 1.4 billion people in our country are moving towards modernization as a whole, and the scale exceeds the total population of existing developed countries. Its arduousness and complexity are unprecedented, and we must firmly grasp the initiative in development in our own hands." We must focus on the main contradictions and the main aspects of contradictions, grasp major key links, steadily promote high-quality development, continuously improve people's living standards, and maintain social harmony and stability. Achieving the goal of high-quality development puts forward more comprehensive, profound, and systematic requirements of the times for the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. On the one hand, the change in development mode, the urgency of structural optimization, and the need for power conversion require us to continuously break down institutional barriers that restrict development and build a more scientific, accurate, coordinated, and sustainable governance system; on the other hand, in the context of economic globalization, facing an increasingly complex and volatile internal and external environment, only through high-efficiency governance, relying on a systematic, accurate, and efficient governance system to prevent and resolve various risks, can we effectively coordinate development and security, solve structural contradictions, stimulate the vitality of various business entities, and ensure that development is stable and far-reaching on a high-quality track.
The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical period for laying the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization, and it has an important position of linking the past and the future in the process of basically realizing socialist modernization. In a deeply complex and changing development environment, we must concentrate our efforts on doing our own things well, continuously promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure, enhance endogenous power and development resilience, and continuously prevent and resolve risks in key areas, so as to ensure that high-quality development achieves new results with high-efficiency governance.
Scientifically and accurately grasp the internal relationship between high-quality development and high-efficiency governance.
High-quality development and high-efficiency governance are interdependent and mutually reinforcing organisms. To profoundly grasp the internal relationship between high-quality development and high-efficiency governance, we must scientifically understand the dialectical unity of the two in dynamic equilibrium.
High-efficiency governance provides the necessary support and guarantee for high-quality development, ensuring the sustainability of economic and social development. High-quality development, as the hard truth of the new era, further clarifies "what kind of development to achieve," while high-efficiency governance answers the practical proposition of "how to support and guarantee development." If high-efficiency governance is divorced from the guidance of high-quality development, it will lose its target orientation; without high-efficiency governance, high-quality development will be difficult to sustain due to the lack of a stable environment and institutional guarantees. In essence, the effectiveness of high-quality development is the key yardstick for testing whether the governance system and governance capacity are truly high-efficiency. The quality, efficiency, and sustainability of economic development directly reflect the scientific nature of the governance system, the effectiveness of policy implementation, and the coordination of institutional operation. A high-efficiency governance system can effectively respond to market failures, prevent systemic risks, and resolve structural contradictions in development through sound macro-control, accurate market supervision, stable social governance, and improved public services, thereby clearing obstacles, building consensus, and injecting momentum for high-quality development.
High-quality development puts forward higher standards for improving governance effectiveness, objectively requiring adaptive changes through institutional innovation and structural optimization. High-quality development has a strong driving and enabling effect on high-efficiency governance. In "Developing New Quality Productive Forces is the Intrinsic Requirement and Important Focus of Promoting High-Quality Development," General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "Production relations must be adapted to the requirements of the development of productive forces. To develop new quality productive forces, we must further comprehensively deepen reform and form a new type of production relations that are compatible with it." The lag and misalignment of the governance system will restrict the development of productive forces; every leap in productive forces will inevitably force the governance system to carry out institutional innovation and forward-looking changes in many aspects such as concepts, laws, supervision, and services. The focus of high-efficiency governance is to build a new type of production relations that is adapted to the development of new quality productive forces and plays a strong promoting role. Only by building a solid foundation for development with high-efficiency governance and testing the effectiveness of governance with high-quality development can we accumulate stronger development momentum for promoting Chinese-style modernization.
The people-centered development thought is the starting point and foothold that runs through high-quality development and high-efficiency governance. The people-centered development thought is not a concept that only stays on the lips or stops at the ideological link, but a concrete practice that runs through all aspects of economic and social development. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized in "Chinese-style Modernization, People's Livelihood is the Biggest": "We must further implement the people-centered development thought, put promoting the common prosperity of all people in a more prominent position, adhere to doing our best and acting according to our ability, proceeding in an orderly manner and making persistent efforts, and promote common prosperity to achieve more obvious substantive progress in promoting high-quality development." The ultimate goal of development and the fundamental direction of governance are to effectively improve people's well-being and continuously meet the people's yearning for a better life. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "We must take into account needs and possibilities, proceed in an orderly manner in accordance with the laws of economic and social development, consciously and actively solve problems such as regional disparities, urban-rural disparities, and income disparities, and continuously enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security." High-quality development continuously expands the supply of high-quality products and services, enriches the people's spiritual and cultural life, and improves the quality of the ecological environment by improving the quality of the supply system, optimizing the industrial structure, promoting cultural prosperity, and accelerating green transformation, so as to consolidate the material foundation and create social conditions for realizing the all-round development of people. High-efficiency governance focuses on coordinated policy implementation, steadily promotes the equalization of basic public services, promotes the extension of education, medical care, elderly care, public culture, and other resources to the grassroots, to rural areas, and to underdeveloped areas, weaves a tight social security safety net, maintains social fairness and justice, and ensures that the fruits of reform and development benefit all people more and more fairly. What is particularly critical is that our party attaches importance to dynamically balancing efficiency and fairness, avoiding the problems of development imbalance and governance failure in the process of modernization, not only enhancing the material support capacity of national governance with efficiency improvement, so that the governance system can respond to complex and changing social needs in a timely manner, but also consolidating social consensus and resolving contradictions and conflicts with fairness guarantees, so as to build a solid social foundation for high-efficiency governance.
Effectively support high-quality development with high-efficiency governance.
Facing the "15th Five-Year Plan," coordinating and promoting high-quality development and high-efficiency governance is an inevitable choice to meet challenges and win the future. The organic combination of the two can enable us to seize opportunities in the changes of the world, the changes of the times, and the changes of history, effectively resolve various risks and challenges on the road ahead, and firmly grasp the initiative of development and the initiative of history. The key to coordinating and promoting high-quality development and high-efficiency governance lies in taking high-efficiency governance as the starting point, fully transforming institutional advantages into governance effectiveness, and making it a strong support for high-quality development.
Improve governance effectiveness with institutional innovation, and focus on enhancing dynamic adaptability. To achieve high-efficiency governance, the key lies in building an efficient and standardized institutional system, creating a coordinated and orderly institutional environment, achieving a dynamic balance that is lively but not chaotic, and active and orderly, and consolidating the foundation for high-quality development. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized in "Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Strong Country and the Great Rejuvenation of the Nation with Chinese-style Modernization": "We must deepen the reform of various systems and mechanisms and fully release the creative potential of the whole society." At present, China's development has entered a critical stage of transformation of old and new driving forces and deep structural adjustment. Some deep-seated institutional and mechanism obstacles need to be further removed, and the governance capacity and governance effectiveness in some fields need to be upgraded in quality. To improve governance effectiveness with institutional innovation, we must pay attention to handling the relationship between vitality and order, both focusing on removing institutional and mechanism constraints through reform to release the vitality of economic and social development, and focusing on consolidating the foundation of social order through institutional construction and governance innovation, so as to ensure the orderly release of social vitality with social order, and enhance the endogenous power of social governance with social vitality, so that vitality can always be transformed into development effectiveness within a controllable and orderly framework. Facing new situations and new tasks, we must systematically focus on the key areas and core links of promoting high-quality development, accelerate the establishment and improvement of institutional rules, focus on removing institutional and mechanism obstacles that restrict high-quality development, make moves in key places, exert efforts at core points, and lead institutional innovation and governance upgrades with systematic thinking. According to the new situation and new problems of economic and social development, adjust governance strategies and methods in a timely manner, so that the top-level design can better adapt to the needs of high-quality development, and form a high-efficiency governance system that supports high-quality development. For example, in the process of promoting coordinated regional development, unified planning forms standard alignment, and adjacent provinces form a collaborative governance mechanism in terms of transportation network interconnection, industrial chain collaborative symbiosis, and joint prevention and control of environmental governance. This can not only effectively enhance the overall competitiveness of the region, but also inject new institutional momentum into high-quality development.
Drive the improvement of governance effectiveness with the needs of people's livelihood, and put ensuring and improving people's livelihood in a priority position. Chinese-style modernization pursues the all-round development of people and the all-round progress of society, and the needs of people's livelihood are the driving force for improving governance effectiveness. The essence of high-efficiency governance is not only reflected in the optimization and effectiveness improvement of the overall system, but also in the efficiency of solving problems, the speed of responding to public opinion, and the effectiveness of improving people's well-being. We must use our hearts, emotions, and efforts to solve the urgent, difficult, and worrying problems of the masses. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out in "Chinese-style Modernization, People's Livelihood is the Biggest": "We must plan and promote reform from the overall interests, fundamental interests, and long-term interests of the people, follow the party's mass line in the new era, focus on finding the focus and breakthrough points of reform from the urgent, difficult, and worrying problems of the people in employment, income increase, enrollment, medical treatment, housing, handling affairs, childcare, elderly care, and life and property safety, and introduce more reform measures that are urgently needed by the people, desired by the people, and in line with the people's will, and do more practical things that benefit the people, warm the people's hearts, and conform to the people's will, so that reform can give the people more sense of gain, happiness, and security." At present, more and more cities in China have proposed the development goal of building a high-quality public service system. By building a high-quality and balanced public service system, building a comprehensive and sustainable social security system, and focusing on achieving childcare, education, employment, medical care, elderly care, housing, and assistance for the weak. With the gradual shift of development evaluation standards from one-way economic growth to multi-dimensional governance indicators, development quality, people's well-being, and social fairness together constitute important yardsticks for measuring the effectiveness of modernization. We must adhere to the people-centered development thought, put the focus of governance on the grassroots and in practice, focus on solving the most concerning, most direct, and most realistic problems of the people, and make the effectiveness of governance perceptible, knowable, visible, and accessible.
With joint construction, joint governance, and shared benefits, we can stimulate social dynamism and broadly unite governance efforts. Broadly gathering social consensus, fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties, and building a social governance community where everyone is responsible, everyone fulfills their responsibilities, and everyone benefits, is not only an important means of promoting high-efficiency governance but also a necessary link in promoting high-quality development. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "A modern society should be both full of vitality and have good order, presenting an organic unity of vitality and order." Currently, various regions have achieved positive results in exploring governance models of joint construction, joint governance, and shared benefits. The innovation of grassroots governance mechanisms has achieved remarkable results. For example, practices such as "whistle-blowing and reporting" effectively clear the "last mile" of governance. In recent years, the number of times enterprises have participated in forums and research organized by government departments has increased significantly, and government-enterprise interaction has continued to deepen. The government effectively transforms "market calls" into "reform strides" by extensively and deeply understanding public sentiment, listening to public opinions, and gathering public wisdom. To create a new pattern of social governance with joint construction, joint governance, and shared benefits, it is necessary to innovate participation mechanisms, actively build online and offline participation platforms, improve systems for collecting public opinions and democratic consultation, encourage citizens, enterprises, and social organizations to offer suggestions for policy formulation and effect evaluation, guide social forces to participate in the supply of public services and industry governance in an orderly manner, and continuously improve the effectiveness of joint governance in the process of integrating resources, optimizing processes, and strengthening coordination, consolidate the foundation of social harmony and stability, and continuously create favorable conditions and a good environment for high-quality development.
Driven by technological innovation, we can drive governance transformation and create a collaborative and efficient operating system and service system. With the rapid development and deep application of the new generation of digital technologies, digital technology is fully integrated into all fields and the entire process of economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization construction. Improving governance capabilities and the level of governance modernization through modern information technology means such as artificial intelligence, the Internet, and big data has become an important engine for coordinating and promoting high-quality development and high-efficiency governance. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "Actively promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence technological innovation and industrial innovation, empower the high-quality development of the economy and society, and help improve the quality of life of the people." In recent years, China has taken the construction of a digital government as an important means to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities. Many places have deepened the reform of "one network for all services" and "one network for unified management," relying on modern information and new technologies to realize the scientification of government decision-making, the precision of social governance, and the efficiency of public services. With the accelerated construction of a new system of government services that deeply integrates online and offline services and multi-level collaboration across departments, government departments promote the transformation of government services from "available" to "easy to handle" through system integration and data sharing, making "data running more and people running less" the norm. In the future, it is necessary to continuously improve the grassroots governance platform supported by informatization, continuously stimulate the deep vitality of data-enabled governance, and allow the fruits of digital governance to benefit all people more and more fairly, stimulating new vitality for high-quality development.
(Author's institution: University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中国社会科学院大学))
Return to TopBy: 王公龙
Currently, as the world undergoes profound changes unseen in a century at an accelerated pace, and the world enters a new period of turbulence and change, human society has once again arrived at a critical crossroads. Faced with the questions of the times, "What is happening to the world? What should we do?", General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) advocates the common values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom for all mankind, which has significant practical implications. The common values of all mankind embody the consensus of values among different civilizations, countries, and ethnic groups in the world. It is an original and iconic concept of Xi Jinping's (习近平) diplomatic thought, a crystallization and model of the "two integrations," reflecting the world-mindedness and mission pursuit of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), and contributing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to solving the common problems facing mankind. We must accurately grasp and systematically interpret the common characteristics of the common values of all mankind by combining theory and practice, promote the international community to recognize the common values of all mankind in a wider range, at a deeper level, and more accurately, so as to better exert the value leadership role of the common values of all mankind in the development of human society, and inject spiritual impetus into promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.
The commonality of the common values of all mankind contains profound theoretical logic, historical logic, and practical logic.
The common values of all mankind are the greatest common divisor of values for all mankind, owned, shared, and pursued by all mankind. Commonality is its prominent feature. The emergence of this commonality of values has a solid theoretical logic, historical logic, and practical logic.
From the perspective of theoretical logic, although the history, culture, system, and development level of various countries are different, peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom reflect the common needs of survival and development of people with different ideologies and religious beliefs in different regions and under different social systems, and are an accurate expression of the universal pursuit of all mankind.
From the perspective of historical logic, the historical turn to world history is the historical basis and historical foundation for the generation of the common values of all mankind. Marx and Engels pointed out: "The more the spheres of activity, which affect each other, extend in the course of this development, the more the original isolation of the separate nationalities is destroyed owing to the improved mode of production, to intercourse and to the division of labour between various nations naturally brought forth by intercourse, the more history becomes world history." With the in-depth development of the world historical process, human society has completely bid farewell to the state of mutual isolation and historically entered a new stage of universal communication. In this process, different values collide and blend with each other, and those values that can meet the needs of universal human communication and promote the common interests of mankind are accumulated and gradually become the common values of all parties involved in the communication.
From the perspective of practical logic, in the context of the in-depth development of economic globalization, on the one hand, the degree of interdependence among human beings has been unprecedentedly deepened, and the people of all countries have formed a community of destiny in which you have me and I have you; on the other hand, global challenges such as environmental pollution, terrorism, nuclear security, cyber security, and epidemic diseases are threatening the survival and development of mankind as never before, and working together to address these global challenges has become the universal aspiration of the international community. A community with a shared future for mankind is not only a community of interests, but also a community of values. Condensing the value consensus of different civilizations, different countries, and different ethnic groups, so as to gather the mighty force of human society to cope with various global challenges to a greater extent, is both possible and necessary.
The commonality of the common values of all mankind is a concrete, difference-respecting, and all-humanity-common-interest-conforming commonality.
Since World War II, the West has always tried its best to flaunt the universality of its own values, trying to elevate its own values to the "universal values" of all mankind. Different from the so-called "universal values" of the West, the common values of all mankind adhere to the Marxist materialist conception of history as the theoretical cornerstone, and take condensing the value consensus of all mankind as the direction of efforts, realizing a profound innovation of value concepts in the history of human thought.
The so-called "universal values" of the West are based on abstract human nature, and the "universality" it emphasizes is an abstract "universality" that is divorced from reality, reflecting a kind of fantasy about "universality." According to this "universal" value, human society cannot find a realistic solution to resolve contradictions and conflicts and realize the common interests of all mankind. The common values of all mankind are based on the Marxist view of practice, abstracting value concepts that can meet the common practical needs of all mankind and have general significance from the specific practices of different civilizations, different countries, and different ethnic groups, so as to condense value consensus for safeguarding the increasing common interests of all mankind. The commonality of the common values of all mankind is a commonality that faces reality and responds to and solves practical problems.
The so-called "universal values" of the West deny the particularity of values, pursue undifferentiated, non-contradictory, and absolutely unchanging value identity, and believe that as long as all mankind follows it, it can solve many oppositions and conflicts in human society, and the result must be "harmony without conformity" (同而不和) (tóng ér bù hé - "same but not harmonious," superficially alike but lacking genuine agreement) and "continuity without conformity" (同则不继) (tóng zé bù jì - "sameness leads to discontinuity," excessive uniformity stifles progress). A few people go to another extreme, completely denying the existence of common values for mankind, believing that values are diverse, and the particularity of values is the main aspect of the contradiction that determines the essence of things. Marxist dialectics believes that commonality and individuality are a unity of opposites, and everything is a unity of commonality and individuality. While emphasizing the commonality of values, the common values of all mankind recognize the diversity of understanding of value connotations and the differences in the ways of realizing values under different social systems and ideological backgrounds, realize the unity of value commonality and value particularity, and draw the largest concentric circle of values of different civilizations to the greatest extent.
Civilizational diversity is the objective reality of human social development and an inexhaustible driving force for human progress. The different values arising therefrom inevitably have differences. In order to better realize the common interests of all mankind, the more value differences exist, the more necessary it is to transcend narrow self-interest and constantly condense value consensus. Marx and Engels revealed the essence of bourgeois values: "In order to achieve its own goals, it has to portray its interests as the common interests of all members of society, that is, in ideological terms, it is to give its own ideas a universal form and portray them as the only rational and universally significant ideas." The so-called "universal values" of the West are nothing more than portraying their own special values as common values, so as to better safeguard their own narrow self-interests. The common values of all mankind adhere to the world in mind, firmly occupy the high ground of morality, take the realization of the common interests of all mankind as the goal, and realize the theoretical transcendence of the so-called "universal values" of the West in multiple dimensions.
In the situation where the instability and uncertainty of the world are constantly increasing, the common values of all mankind undoubtedly have important significance for maintaining world peace and development and promoting human civilization and progress. To promote and practice the common values of all mankind, we must, with a high degree of responsibility for the future and destiny of mankind, understand the understanding of different civilizations on the connotation of values with a broad mind, not impose our own values and models on others, adhere to the relative distinction between value concepts and value realization forms, respect the exploration of value realization paths by the people of different countries, and make the common values of all mankind concretely and realistically reflected in the practice of realizing the interests of their own people, and truly benefit the people of all countries and help build a better world.
(The author is the Dean of the School of Marxism of the Party School of the Shanghai Municipal Committee (Shanghai Administration College) (上海市委党校（上海行政学院）).)
Return to TopEditor's Note: The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and advance the great cause of national reunification.
This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and also the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's Retrocession. Taiwan's Retrocession is a great victory forged by all the Chinese people, including Taiwan compatriots, who **前仆后继** (qián pū hòu jì - "fall in front, follow behind," advance dauntlessly in wave upon wave) and fought bravely, a significant component of the victory of World War II and the post-war international order, and a shared glory of compatriots on both sides of the Strait and a national memory of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation.
Compatriots on both sides of the Strait should remember history, cherish the memory of the martyrs, defend the victorious achievement of Taiwan's Retrocession to the motherland, safeguard the common home of the Chinese nation, and jointly create a bright future for national reunification and national rejuvenation.
October 25th marks the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's Retrocession. This edition presents a special report to jointly commemorate the historical achievements of the martyrs, promote a correct view of the history of World War II, and unite and rally compatriots on both sides of the Strait to unswervingly advance national reunification and national rejuvenation.
"Rather die as righteous people than live as subjugated slaves."
By Cheng Long (程龙), reporter of this newspaper
Defeat in the Sino-Japanese War, cession of Taiwan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki.
"Drums beat on the city walls, heaven weeps tears like rain, the Japanese actually cede Taiwan." In 1895, when the news of the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki reached Taiwan, the people of Taiwan were outraged, striking gongs and closing markets, surrounding the Governor's Office, and shouting the angry roar of "Rather everyone die in battle and lose Taiwan, than surrender it with folded hands."
"Rather die as righteous people than live as subjugated slaves." Wang Chunyuan (汪春源) and other Taiwan scholars waiting in Beijing to participate in the imperial examination jointly submitted a letter. Tang Jingsong (唐景崧), Governor of Taiwan, also immediately submitted a letter, stating that the people of Taiwan were unwilling to accept it and that the treaty could be abolished.
From the day the Japanese army landed on the island, from armed resistance to cultural anti-Japanese activities, to rushing to the mainland of the motherland to join the national war of resistance, the anti-Japanese activities of Taiwan compatriots in various forms never stopped, and more than 650,000 people sacrificed in 50 years.
On Bagua Mountain (八卦山) in Changhua (彰化), Taiwan, the two ancient cannons of the Yiwu (乙未) Defense of Taiwan Peace Memorial Park stand quietly, telling the story of the smoke of war 130 years ago.
In August 1895, facing the continuous advance of the Japanese army from north to south, Wu Tangxing (吳湯興), the leader of the Hakka militia, and Wu Pengnian (吳彭年), the commander of the "Black Flag Army" (黑旗軍), led their troops to defend Bagua Mountain and fought fiercely with the Japanese army. On the mottled Bagua Mountain Yiwu Anti-Japanese Martyrs Monument in the park, the tragic events of that year are engraved: "Fighting to the death with the enemy, in a hail of bullets, **前仆后继** (qián pū hòu jì - "fall in front, follow behind," advance dauntlessly in wave upon wave), fighting bloodily for three days and nights, finally running out of ammunition and reinforcements, about four or five thousand people died heroically..." In this battle, the militia inflicted heavy damage on the Japanese army.
The flames of resistance spread throughout the island. On October 11, 1895, 18,000 Japanese troops landed in Fangliao (枋寮), Pingtung (屏東), in southern Taiwan. Xiao Guangming (蕭光明), as one of the Hakka leaders in Gaoping (高屏), led the villagers' militia and some soldiers of the "Black Flag Army" to confront the enemy head-on. The battle lasted from 8 a.m. to midnight. The Japanese army suffered 15 deaths and 57 injuries, while the militia suffered more than 100 casualties.
In the years that followed, uprisings on the island continued, and militia leaders such as Jian Dashi (簡大獅) in the north, Ke Tie (柯鐵) in the central region, and Lin Shaomao (林少貓) in the south, known as the "Three Fierce Ones," emerged. The Miaoli Incident (苗栗事件), the Jiaobarun Incident (噍吧哖事件), and the Wushe Incident (霧社起義) shocked China and foreign countries. In the arduous and heroic war of resistance, more than 50,000 patriotic Taiwanese risked their lives to cross the strait, secretly return to the mainland of the motherland, and join the ranks of the war of resistance.
"Under 50 years of colonial rule, Taiwan compatriots held high the banner of patriotism and love for their hometown, bravely defended their homes and country, and never yielded," said Lin Mingcong (林銘聰), chairman of the Taiwan Anti-Japanese Patriots' Relatives Association.
"Our roots are on the other side of the sea"
By Zhang Shuo (张烁), reporter of this newspaper
Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule was dark and oppressive.
"While studying at Taichung First High School (台中一中) in Taiwan, I was severely beaten by a Japanese teacher for playing Chinese chess and received a disciplinary warning; I was also beaten, kicked, tied up, and detained for not saluting a Japanese policeman." Hong Yaoying (洪瑶楹), a Taiwan compatriot who was 17 years old at the time, felt deeply humiliated. "The strong sense of national identity of 'I am Chinese' was engraved in my heart, and I looked forward to Taiwan's Retrocession and returning to the embrace of the motherland."
Huang Hounian (黃厚年), a Taiwan compatriot who was 14 years old at the time, lost his father. "My father, as a senior employee of a coal mine, disregarded his personal safety and secretly manufactured knives, darts, and other weapons with the mine owners and workers to organize an armed uprising to restore Taiwan. Japanese imperialism issued an arrest warrant, and hundreds of people were arrested, brutally tortured, and massacred. 72 Taiwan miners died tragically, and my father was one of the victims."
His father died tragically, and his mother died of a cerebral hemorrhage in grief and indignation. His underage brother worked hard to support Huang Hounian and his younger brother through part-time work and study. "I deeply remember the national hatred and family feud, and I strive to master knowledge, so that the Japanese can see the ambition of Chinese children," Huang Hounian wrote in a memoir.
During the 50 years of Japanese colonial rule, a series of shocking bloody tragedies were created in Taiwan, cruel high-pressure control and economic exploitation and plunder were implemented, and the "Kōminka" movement was forcibly promoted in an attempt to obliterate the Chinese heart and Chinese soul of Taiwan compatriots.
"The Japanese forcibly popularized Japanese education and forcibly Japanized our customs. But my father often told us: 'We come from Tong'an County (同安縣), Quanzhou Prefecture (泉州府), Fujian (福建), we are Chinese, and our roots are on the other side of the sea,'" Cai Haijin (蔡海金), a Taiwan compatriot, recalled before his death. Worried that his children would "forget their roots," his sorrowful father repeatedly exhorted them.
Chen Tianzhang (陳天章), a Taiwan compatriot who had tasted the bitterness of being a subjugated slave since childhood, and his classmates often looked in the direction of the mainland of the motherland.
"We were politically oppressed, discriminated against in life, and insulted in personality. How much we longed to overthrow Japanese colonial rule as soon as possible, return to the embrace of the motherland, and live a normal life with self-esteem and self-respect!" Chen Tianzhang recalled.
"Incredibly proud to be a decent Chinese again"
By Zhang Shuo (张烁), reporter of this newspaper
"Decorated with lanterns and colorful banners, everyone sings victory songs. Singing all over the cities and villages, Taiwan's Retrocession cannot be forgotten..." A "Taiwan Retrocession Commemoration Song" composed in 1946 sang the joy of Taiwan compatriots.
"Japan surrendered!" On August 15, 1945, when the news of the Japanese Emperor's announcement of unconditional surrender was heard on the radio, the whole island was boiling. "I was so excited that Taiwan finally ended Japanese colonial rule and returned to the embrace of the motherland. My classmates and I welcomed the arrival of the motherland's army with tears in our eyes," wrote Chen Tianzhang, a Taiwan compatriot, in a memoir.
Wu Xinrong (吳新榮), a doctor from Tainan (台南) who could not restrain his excitement, invited a few friends to the suburbs, jumped into the stream to "wash away the war dust of more than ten years and the bitter sweat of fifty years," and shouted after going ashore: "From today onwards, we will start our new life!" All over the island, many Taiwanese families tearfully held out their ancestral tablets, burned incense, and paid homage to their ancestors, telling them that Japan had surrendered and the motherland had won the final victory!
On October 25, 1945, at Taipei Public Hall (台北公會堂) (now Zhongshan Hall (中山堂)), at the surrender ceremony of Taiwan Province (台灣省) in the China War Zone, the representative of the Chinese government took over the surrender document and solemnly declared to the world: "From this day on, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands (澎湖列島) have officially rejoined the Chinese territory, and all land, people, and political affairs have been placed under Chinese sovereignty."
This 5-minute ceremony ended Japan's 50-year colonial rule in Taiwan. No longer subjugated slaves! No longer "second-class citizens"! Words that transcend time and space record the grand occasion at that time: "More than 300,000 people in Taipei City, regardless of men, women, old or young, were all dressed up, and every household was decorated with lanterns and colorful banners, congratulating each other, as if welcoming the New Year... The sound of firecrackers and gongs and drums resounded through the sky..."
Taiwan compatriots, who had been suppressed by the Japanese "Kōminka" movement for many years, regardless of men, women, old or young, spontaneously learned to speak Chinese, learn to sing Chinese songs, and lecture sessions were established like bamboo shoots after a rain. "Without a teacher to teach, students bought the 'Self-Study Mandarin' booklet and read aloud to each other: 'I am Chinese, are you Chinese?' 'Yes, I am Chinese!'..." A Taiwan compatriot recalled. "Incredibly proud to be a decent Chinese again!" This is the heartfelt voice of countless Taiwan compatriots.
Return to TopBy: 王英津
In commemoration of the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's Retrocession, looking back at October 25, 1945, at Taipei City Hall (台北公会堂), the Chinese government representative solemnly declared: from this day forward, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands (澎湖列岛) have been officially restored to the territory of China, and all land, people, and political affairs are placed under Chinese sovereignty. This marked the official end of Japan's 50-year colonial rule over Taiwan, and Taiwan returned to the embrace of the motherland.
For China, Taiwan's Retrocession was by no means a simple recovery of occupied territory, but a key symbol of the Chinese nation's resurgence from the dangers it had faced in modern times. Taiwan's Retrocession washed away the great shame and humiliation suffered by the Chinese nation since modern times. Since the Opium War, Chinese territory had been repeatedly encroached upon by the great powers, and the forced cession of Taiwan and the Penghu Islands (澎湖列岛) after the Sino-Japanese War was an unforgettable pain in the nation's memory. Taiwan's Retrocession was not only a thorough cleansing of the shame of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, but also a reshaping of national dignity. Taiwan's Retrocession was the result of the Chinese people's defense of national sovereignty and territorial integrity. Taiwan has been an inseparable part of Chinese territory since ancient times. In 1895, the Japanese government forced the defeated Qing government to cede Taiwan and the Penghu Islands (澎湖列岛), and subsequently imposed 50 years of colonial rule on Taiwan, creating a huge gap in China's southeastern maritime frontier. Taiwan's Retrocession restored the integrity of China's southeastern maritime defense line, restoring the historical appearance of territorial sovereignty. Taiwan's Retrocession strengthened the sense of community of the Chinese nation. During the 50-year period of Japanese occupation, compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, although separated by the sea, were always closely linked. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, more than 50,000 patriotic Taiwanese crossed the Strait and returned to the mainland to fight alongside their mainland compatriots. This cohesion, formed in the common struggle, provided a strong spiritual impetus for resisting foreign aggression and building the country later on.
For the international community, Taiwan's Retrocession was an important achievement of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and an important component of the post-war international order. Taiwan's Retrocession highlighted the victory of the World Anti-Fascist United Front. As the main battlefield in the East, China persisted in the war for 14 years, making significant contributions to saving human civilization and defending world peace. The Allied countries' support for the return of Taiwan to China was not only a recognition of China's contribution to the war, but also reflected the common will of the anti-fascist camp. Taiwan's Retrocession is an important component of the post-war international order. Documents with international legal effect, such as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, are important legal cornerstones of the post-war international order. The United Nations system, built after the war, established "sovereign equality" and "non-interference in internal affairs" as basic principles, and Taiwan's Retrocession is a concrete manifestation of these principles. Taiwan's Retrocession achieved international confirmation of the "illegality of colonial rule." The Cairo Declaration, the Potsdam Proclamation, and the Japanese Instrument of Surrender constitute a complete legal chain of three in one, clarifying in international legal documents the principle that defeated countries must return the territories they have seized through wars of aggression—territories seized through wars of aggression must be returned to their original owners. This principle broke the imperialist logic of "might makes right" in modern times and became the basic principle for the international community to deal with similar territorial disputes after the war.
In the current context of the accelerated evolution of the world's century-long changes and the complex and severe situation in the Taiwan Strait, commemorating the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's Retrocession and fully recognizing the historical positioning of Taiwan's Retrocession in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, as well as its significant impact on the construction of the post-war international order, has important practical significance. On the one hand, it can awaken common memories on both sides of the Strait, enhance national unity, and unite the forces of national rejuvenation; on the other hand, it can rectify the source and recognize the erroneous logic of the US and Taiwan colluding to promote the so-called "Taiwan's status is undetermined" theory. For the Chinese nation, Taiwan's Retrocession is an ironclad historical proof refuting the fallacy of "Taiwan independence" separatism. The Democratic Progressive Party (民进党) authorities' tampering with history textbooks, beautifying Japanese colonial rule, and promoting "de-Sinicization" are betrayals of the history of Retrocession. For the international community, Taiwan's Retrocession exposes the so-called "Taiwan's status is undetermined" theory fabricated by certain countries. International legal documents such as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation confirm China's sovereignty over Taiwan. The return of Taiwan to China in 1945 is an indisputable historical fact. Any words or deeds that attempt to challenge this fact are a desecration of the fruits of victory in World War II and a destruction of the post-war international order.
(The author is the Director and Professor of the Center for Cross-Strait Relations Studies at Renmin University of China (中国人民大学).)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 江 琳
On the evening of October 22, the Guangfu Hall on the second floor of Taipei Zhongshan Hall (台北中山堂) was brightly lit. The "Poems for Taiwan—80th Anniversary of Taiwan's Recovery Poetry Recital" was held here. People from all walks of life in Taiwan gathered together, and poets, scholars, students, and others took to the stage in turn, using poetic voices to look back on history and commemorate the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's recovery.
For Taiwan, Guangfu Hall has great significance. On October 25, 1945, the surrender ceremony of Taiwan Province (台湾省) of the China War Zone (中国战区) was held in the auditorium on the second floor of Taipei Public Hall (台北公会堂) (now Zhongshan Hall), announcing the complete end of Japan's 50-year colonial rule in Taiwan, and the island returned to the embrace of the motherland. Today, Zhongshan Hall still retains the decoration style of the surrender ceremony, and this hall, which witnessed an important historical moment, has been renamed "Guangfu Hall."
This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and also the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's recovery. Since the beginning of this year, people from all walks of life in Taiwan have commemorated the 80th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance and the recovery of Taiwan through commemorative gatherings, symposiums, commemorative exhibitions, and special photo exhibitions, highlighting the historical achievements of compatriots on both sides of the strait in jointly resisting foreign enemies.
In May, the Taiwan regional public opinion organization passed the "Returning Holidays to the People" bill proposed by the Chinese Kuomintang (中国国民党), and the "Taiwan Recovery Day" was restored as a "statutory holiday," with a day off on October 25 to commemorate it.
Over the years, some political forces on the island have ignored public opinion and deliberately downplayed and erased the history of Taiwan's recovery. From 2001, the Guangfu Festival holiday was cancelled. After the Democratic Progressive Party (民进党) came to power again in 2016, the Taiwan authorities no longer took the lead in celebrating activities. Despite this, Taiwanese civil groups still insist on holding related commemorative activities every year on October 25.
"Japanese imperialism occupied Taiwan and massacred the Taiwanese people. That dark history must not be forgotten." On September 20, at a symposium held in Taipei to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's recovery, Pan Chaoyang (潘朝阳), a retired professor from Taiwan Normal University (台湾师范大学), said that during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, a group of Taiwanese people returned to the mainland to participate in the war, and the mainland people and the Taiwanese people united and struggled to promote Taiwan's recovery. Therefore, the victory of the War of Resistance is the achievement of all Chinese sons and daughters, and the recovery of Taiwan is also the achievement of all Chinese sons and daughters.
At the special photo exhibition commemorating the "80th Anniversary of the Victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the Recovery of Taiwan," Kuan Chung-min (管中闵), the curator and former president of National Taiwan University (台湾大学), said that the Democratic Progressive Party authorities did not hold any large-scale commemorative activities on this day that should have been specially celebrated. "We do it ourselves, and we will pass on this historical memory." The exhibition lasted for a month, hoping that more people would pass on the historical memory.
Li Liqun (李力群), the son of anti-Japanese general Li Youbang (李友邦), said that the Taiwan Volunteer Corps (台湾义勇队) led by his father put forward the slogan "Defend the Motherland and Recover Taiwan," calling on Taiwanese compatriots scattered throughout the country to jointly fight against Japanese imperialism and promote the organized participation of Taiwanese compatriots in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. This history must not be forgotten, nor can it be forgotten.
At the commemorative symposium "History Does Not End: Witnessing and Reflecting on the Eightieth Anniversary of the Victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the Recovery of Taiwan," more than 100 people from all walks of life in Taiwan unanimously called for remembering the history of the War of Resistance and continuing to fight to safeguard national dignity. Ma Ying-jeou (马英九), former chairman of the Chinese Kuomintang, said that at present, the Democratic Progressive Party authorities are unwilling to correctly face the history of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the recovery of Taiwan. Lai Qingde (赖清德) used the word "end of the war," deliberately pleasing Japan and letting down the Taiwanese predecessors who resisted aggression. History must not be distorted or forgotten, and all Chinese sons and daughters should not forget this history of Japanese aggression.
Taipei Zhongshan Hall Guangfu Hall, Guangfu Market (光复市场), Hualien Guangfu Township (花莲光复乡), Guangfu Railway Station (光复车站), Hsinchu Guangfu Road (新竹光复路)... "After Taiwan's recovery, the whole of Taiwan celebrated its return to the motherland." Qi Jialin (戚嘉林), chairman of the Taiwan History Research Association (台湾史研究会), introduced that in this context, many places in Taiwan were named after "Guangfu." "This shows that Taiwan's recovery is an indelible historical memory." Zhai Xuan (翟翾), a Taiwanese self-media person, said that 80 years have passed, and the memory of Guangfu has always existed in the daily lives of Taiwanese compatriots. The victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the recovery of Taiwan are unforgettable memories for the Chinese nation.
Return to TopLayout Design: Zhang Danfeng (张丹峰)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 王 浩
Core Reading
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development and build a beautiful China.
The Yellow River sediment regulation is an ecological practice that deeply integrates China's water management wisdom and modern technology. Accurately grasping the relationship between water and sediment, joint scheduling of reservoir groups, and improving the efficiency of sediment regulation through digital twin technology... After more than 20 years of practice, the Yellow River sediment regulation has provided a solid foundation for ensuring the stability of the Yellow River and contributed Chinese wisdom to the ecological management of major rivers around the world.
The "yellowness" of the Yellow River lies in its sediment.
Water and sediment are an unequal equation for the mother river. Over the years, sediment accumulation has squeezed reservoir capacity, raised the downstream riverbed, and formed a "suspended river" for thousands of miles.
To ensure the long-term stability of the Yellow River, it is necessary to firmly grasp the regulation of the water-sediment relationship, this "bull nose." Since 2002, the Yellow River has carried out 31 sediment regulation operations, sending more than 3.5 billion tons of sediment into the sea, effectively alleviating the "suspended river above ground" and greatly improving the ability to discharge floods and sediment.
Sediment regulation, simply put, is to regulate and control the downstream water-sediment relationship through the joint scheduling of reservoir groups, discharging as much sediment as possible into the sea, and shaping a relatively coordinated water-sediment relationship.
Multiple Reservoirs "Relay"
Precise scheduling, time after time, unloads the "sediment burden" for reservoirs and rivers.
Xiaolangdi Reservoir (小浪底水库), the "water tap" of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, is the "power source" for sediment regulation.
The torrential flow is transformed into dynamic numbers, displayed on the large screen of the digital twin Xiaolangdi (小浪底) Integrated Control Center at the Xiaolangdi Management Center.
At 9:00 on September 8, the order came, "The discharge flow is adjusted to 2500 cubic meters per second." Li Xiantong (李宪栋), a scheduling engineer at the digital twin Xiaolangdi Integrated Control Center, issued an operation command. The gates of the three sediment discharge tunnels slowly lifted, and huge waves emptied, rushing downstream. This year's Yellow River flood season sediment regulation has begun.
"2500 cubic meters per second is equivalent to discharging the water volume of a standard swimming pool per second, which is about 3 times the normal discharge flow of the reservoir. The large flow of water has strong power, like a 'brush,' 'brushing' the river channel and flushing sediment," Li Xiantong gave an analogy.
His job is to formulate hole opening and closing combinations according to different flows, precisely controlling the "brush" strength and flushing timing. During the flood season sediment regulation, 6 orders and 24 hole adjustments discharged 8.87 billion kilograms of sediment for the Xiaolangdi Reservoir.
The reservoir's storage and discharge change the water-sediment relationship. Today, the Yellow River sediment regulation has formed a joint scheduling of reservoir groups with the Xiaolangdi Reservoir as the core. On the more than 1,000-kilometer river channel, the Xiaolangdi, Sanmenxia (三门峡), Wanjiazhai (万家寨) and other main and tributary reservoirs cooperate with each other, significantly improving sediment discharge efficiency.
The "relay" of reservoir groups, precise "handover" is the key.
From June 23 to July 10, the Yellow River carried out pre-flood sediment regulation. Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi, two large reservoirs about 130 kilometers apart, staged centimeter-level water flow docking.
Lu Jun (鲁俊), deputy director of the Planning Institute of the Yellow River勘测规划设计研究院有限公司, is one of the formulators of the docking plan.
"Muddy water is heavy, clear water is light, and muddy water flows underneath. After the Xiaolangdi Reservoir opens the holes, it first discharges the clear water above, and starts discharging sediment when the water level drops to about 220 meters," Lu Jun introduced. The high-sediment-content flow from the Sanmenxia Reservoir arrives at the Xiaolangdi Reservoir dam after about 10 hours. At this time, if the reservoir water level is too high, the muddy water will be difficult to discharge, which will increase siltation; but if the water level is too low, it may affect the safety of water supply in the later period.
After many demonstrations and careful design, the water flow docking water level was set at 217 meters. From July 2, Lu Jun and his team took turns on duty, keeping a close eye on the incoming water situation while updating the scheduling plan. The Xiaolangdi discharge flow was rolled and "finely tuned," and the reservoir water level was lowered little by little...
"At 22:30, the Xiaolangdi Reservoir discharge flow was adjusted to 2000 cubic meters per second." On the evening of July 3, Deng Zihui (邓自辉), the duty chief of the digital twin Xiaolangdi Integrated Control Center, received the latest order, which was the fourth flow adjustment of the day.
One parameter after another is input into the large model, and the scheduling plan is automatically generated. Five minutes later, Deng Zihui submitted the hole gate combination plan to the gate operation department.
The giant gate is finely scheduled between millimeters and seconds. At 0:00 on July 4, when the large flow of water released from the Sanmenxia Reservoir reached the Xiaolangdi dam, the Xiaolangdi Reservoir water level was 216.99 meters, only 1 centimeter different from the set docking water level, and the high-sediment-content flow smoothly discharged downstream.
Precise scheduling, time after time, unloads the "sediment burden" for reservoirs and rivers. This Yellow River pre-flood sediment regulation lasted 18 days, with the Xiaolangdi Reservoir discharging 160 million tons of sediment and the Sanmenxia Reservoir discharging 53 million tons of sediment. The total sediment discharge of the two reservoirs hit a record high for the same period of sediment regulation.
In 2002, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission (黄河水利委员会) of the Ministry of Water Resources (水利部) carried out sediment regulation for the first time. The following year, Xiaolangdi, Sanmenxia, Luhun (陆浑), and Guxian (故县) achieved joint regulation of the four main and tributary reservoirs. In the third year, Xiaolangdi, Sanmenxia, and Wanjiazhai Reservoirs partnered for the first time - 3 tests, more than 45,000 people participated, and more than 10 million sets of data were obtained, exploring water-sediment process shaping technology, hyperpycnal flow shaping technology, and spatial scale water-sediment docking technology.
Up to now, the water conservancy department has carried out 31 sediment regulation operations, sending more than 3.5 billion tons of sediment into the sea. The average main channel of the lower Yellow River has dropped by 3.1 meters, and the minimum flow capacity has increased from less than 2,000 cubic meters per second to about 5,000 cubic meters per second.
"Three Yellow Rivers" Linkage
550 million data put the Yellow River into the Internet.
4820 cubic meters per second - at 8:00 on June 28, the Xiaolangdi Reservoir ushered in the peak discharge flow of pre-flood sediment regulation.
At 9:00, a drone took off from the top of the dam and inspected according to a pre-set route. "This drone is equipped with an edge analysis terminal and a dual-light PTZ camera, which transmits images in real time, automatically identifies defects, and generates inspection reports," introduced Wang Pengfei (王鹏飞), deputy director of the Hydraulic Engineering Department of the Xiaolangdi Management Center Development Company.
Digital twin technology recreates a "Xiaolangdi." For the dam body, 2943 monitoring instruments accurately perceive various engineering conditions. In the air, remote sensing satellites fully cover the water surface of the reservoir area of about 300 square kilometers and the reservoir shoreline of about 1300 kilometers. In the "cloud," 12 water conservancy professional models accurately calculate... Dams, reservoir areas, river channels, water flows, etc. are mapped to the digital twin Xiaolangdi platform one by one, interacting virtually and realistically, and digitally simulating reservoir scouring and silting, reservoir scheduling, and engineering safety monitoring in advance.
From building a digital twin Xiaolangdi to building typical three-dimensional scenes such as the Jinan (济南) section of the Yellow River and Dongping Lake (东平湖), the construction of the digital twin Yellow River is steadily advancing, and 550 million data put the Yellow River into the Internet.
"We have built a research paradigm of the 'three Yellow Rivers' linkage of the prototype Yellow River, the model Yellow River, and the digital twin Yellow River. The 'three Yellow Rivers' refer to each other, improve the accuracy of forecasts, and make scheduling plans more refined," said Cao Yongtao (曹永涛), director of the Sediment Research Institute of the Yellow River Water Conservancy Science Research Institute (黄河水利科学研究院).
Flood peak increase is a major challenge for Yellow River sediment regulation.
What is flood peak increase? During the sediment regulation in 2004, hydrological surveyors found that the Xiaolangdi Reservoir discharged at a flow rate of 2680 cubic meters per second, but when the water flow evolved to the Huayuankou (花园口) Hydrological Station 128 kilometers away, the flow rate increased to 3990 cubic meters per second. "It's like the traffic flow on the highway. The cars behind drive fast, and the cars in front drive slowly, forming congestion," Cao Yongtao said.
The prototype Yellow River accurately grasps the pulse. Before the flood season and during sediment regulation, the Yellow River Water Conservancy Science Research Institute formed 5 field work groups to conduct surveys of key river sections such as the Xiaolangdi Reservoir area, downstream river channels, and river mouths, collect key data, and study and propose key parameters for sediment regulation.
The digital twin Yellow River rehearses in advance. "Key parameters are input into the two-dimensional water-sediment dynamics model, and the water-sediment evolution and river channel scouring and silting simulation of the 15-day large flow process is completed in 10 minutes, and the effect of the proposed dozens of scheduling schemes is evaluated and analyzed," Cao Yongtao introduced.
The model Yellow River optimizes verification. At the "Model Yellow River" test base of the Yellow River Water Conservancy Science Research Institute, an 800-meter-long river channel model reproduces the wandering and transitional river sections of the lower Yellow River for 480 kilometers. "Sediment regulation is rehearsed in the 'miniature Yellow River' in advance to find loopholes and upgrade iteratively," Cao Yongtao said. "The 'three Yellow Rivers' are deeply linked and support each other, and the flood peak increase forecast error is controlled within 10%."
Digital empowerment improves the efficiency of sediment regulation. The relevant person in charge of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission said that during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, it will continue to improve the "three Yellow Rivers," improve the integrated monitoring and perception capabilities of the prototype Yellow River's sky, earth, water, and engineering, strengthen the development and application of the model Yellow River, improve the forecasting, early warning, rehearsal, and plan capabilities of the digital twin Yellow River, and continuously empower flood control and drought resistance, soil and water conservation, and hydrological monitoring.
Multiple Research and Demonstrations
Clarify the relationship between Yellow River water-sediment changes and aquatic organisms.
This year's pre-flood sediment regulation, accompanied by the roar of the waves, Lou Guangyan (娄广艳) travels to the monitoring points of the Yellow River channel. She not only records water and sediment, but also cares about fish.
Lou Guangyan and her team from the Ecological Environment Research Office of the Yellow River Water Resources Protection Science Research Institute (黄河水资源保护科学研究院) are working hard to clarify the relationship between Yellow River water-sediment changes and aquatic organisms.
On April 1, 2023, the Yellow River Protection Law (黄河保护法) officially came into effect, and Article 62 clearly requires that "water-sediment regulation should take measures to minimize the impact on aquatic organisms and their habitats."
5 seminars, multiple rounds of demonstration, Lou Guangyan's team came up with an ecological "physical examination form" containing hundreds of indicators. "Sediment regulation ecological environment monitoring is a brand-new work, and we need to gradually clarify the 'family background'," Lou Guangyan said.
From 2023 to 2025, the expert team will set up 12 monitoring sections in key areas such as the Xiaolangdi to Hekou (河口) river section, and collect more than 1,300 various samples. "From a long-term perspective, sediment regulation has shaped a stable river regime, the habitat environment of aquatic organisms has been improved, and rare fish such as knife fish have frequently appeared," Lou Guangyan introduced.
Equipment is constantly being upgraded. In the 2025 sediment regulation biological monitoring, the online photoelectric sediment meter was put into use, forming a sediment data every 6 minutes. "The online photoelectric sediment meter has high precision, and with the fish sonar monitoring system, plankton sampling and other equipment, it reveals the response mechanism between water-sediment changes and fish," introduced Chen Zhiyuan (陈志远), director of the Xiaolangdi Station of the Hydrology Bureau of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission.
Data shows that since 2008, the plankton community structure in the lower Yellow River has remained basically stable, and the number of fish species in Henan (河南) and Shandong (山东) provinces has increased by nearly 50 species. During sediment regulation, ecological water replenishment to the Yellow River Estuary Delta wetland provides effective protection and restoration of the delta wetland and enhancement of biodiversity.
Return to TopAccording to Xinhua News Agency, Jinan (济南), October 23rd (Reporter Li Zhihao (李志浩)) - This reporter learned from the 2025 China-Japan-Korea-Australia Migratory Bird Conservation Working Group Meeting held in Dongying City (东营市), Shandong (山东): China's bird conservation work has achieved remarkable results. The populations of several endangered species, such as the Siberian Crane, Baer's Pochard, Black-headed Gull, Chinese Crested Tern, and Crested Ibis, have achieved stable growth. The synchronized monitoring of overwintering waterbird numbers in 2024 and 2025 has continuously reached new historical survey and monitoring highs.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China has continued to increase its efforts in bird protection. The number of nationally protected bird species has reached 394, and the number of "three haves" (having important ecological, scientific, and social value) bird species has reached 1028, an increase of nearly 50% in the number of protected bird species. The construction of a natural protected area system with national parks as the main body has been continuously promoted. Among the first batch of five national parks established, the Sanjiangyuan (三江源) and Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park (东北虎豹国家公园) are important migratory bird breeding grounds. The protection and restoration of migratory bird flyway corridors and the construction of a protection and monitoring system have been continuously strengthened, clarifying 1140 important habitats for migratory bird migration corridors, and comprehensively carrying out protection and restoration of 821 key habitats.
In addition, China has carried out the "Qingfeng Action" (清风行动) for six consecutive years. The number of relevant illegal cases and the number of illegal and criminal personnel have decreased significantly, and the spread of illegal trade in birds and other wild animals and plants has been effectively curbed.
The relevant person in charge of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局) stated at the meeting that, driven by the above-mentioned strong policies, law enforcement, and protection measures, China's bird protection work has achieved remarkable results, and the populations of many endangered species have achieved stable growth or even reversal, and the health of the ecosystem has continued to improve.
Return to TopThis newspaper's Beijing (北京) dispatch on October 23rd (Reporter Wang Hao (王浩)): This reporter learned from China South-to-North Water Diversion Group Co., Ltd. (中国南水北调集团有限公司) that, as of now, the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion East and Middle Routes Project has cumulatively transferred over 83 billion cubic meters of water to the north, benefiting 195 million people in 48 large and medium-sized cities along the route. As the supporting projects in the water receiving areas are improved, the scope of benefits is expanding from large and medium-sized cities to rural areas. Currently, the water conveyance loss rate of the main canal of the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project has been significantly optimized from the design value of 10% to the actual operating value of about 3%.
The South-to-North Water Diversion Group has established a water quality safety guarantee system integrating "monitoring, protection, prevention, emergency response, and scientific research." The water quality monitoring parameters of the Taocha (陶岔) Water Quality Automatic Monitoring Station on the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion have been upgraded from 101 items to 197 items. The water quality of the Middle Route Project has stably reached or is better than the Class II standard for surface water, and the water quality of the East Route Project has stably reached the Class III standard for surface water.
Return to TopThis newspaper Hohhot (呼和浩特) October 23rd (Reporter Zhang Cheng (张枨)) - Recently, Alxa League (阿拉善盟) in Inner Mongolia (内蒙古) has fully launched its autumn afforestation work, planning to complete this year's 560,000 mu of afforestation tasks by the end of December. So far, since the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Project was implemented in 1978, the cumulative area of desertification prevention and control in Alxa League (阿拉善盟) has exceeded 100 million mu.
Alxa League (阿拉善盟) is located at the westernmost end of Inner Mongolia (内蒙古), with the Badain Jaran (巴丹吉林), Tengger (腾格里), and Ulan Buh (乌兰布和) three major deserts distributed within its borders, and the ecological environment is extremely fragile. In order to improve the extremely fragile ecological environment and promote comprehensive management of desertified land, the local area has continued to carry out afforestation and grass planting, and promoted the application of near-natural afforestation models mainly based on native drought-resistant shrubs and herbaceous plants such as Haloxylon ammodendron, Lespedeza davurica, and Zygophyllum xanthoxylum.
At the same time, Alxa League (阿拉善盟) also promotes the deep integration of desertification prevention and control with the sand industry, guiding farmers and herdsmen in and around the project area to actively participate in project construction, post-construction management and protection, and sand industry operations. Farmers and herdsmen have achieved employment and income increase at their doorsteps, and ecological protection and people's livelihood improvement have achieved a virtuous cycle of interaction.
Return to TopThis newspaper's Xining (西宁) report on October 23rd (Reporter Jiang Meng (江萌)) - The reporter learned from the Qinghai Provincial Energy Bureau (青海省能源局): During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Qinghai (青海) continued to implement coal-to-electricity, coal-to-gas, and geothermal heating projects, with a cumulative investment of 12.6 billion yuan, a clean heating renovation area of 37.74 million square meters, a 13% increase in the clean heating rate, and benefiting more than 1 million people.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Qinghai's (青海) clean heating electricity load increased by 580,000 kilowatts, with an annual electricity consumption of 3 billion kilowatt-hours, equivalent to an annual saving of about 900,000 tons of standard coal, and an annual reduction of about 2.39 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions and 7,200 tons of nitrogen oxide emissions.
Return to TopOn October 23rd, at the 2025 Green Energy Development Conference held in Yichang (宜昌市), Hubei (湖北) Province, the launching and naming ceremony of China's largest ten-thousand-ton pure electric bulk carrier was held. The ship was officially named "Gezhouba" (葛洲坝) and has now entered the outfitting stage.
As China's ten-thousand-ton pure electric bulk carrier research and demonstration application project, the "Gezhouba" (葛洲坝) ship, which was launched and named this time, has achieved several breakthroughs in the application of pure electric power and intelligent technology, marking a crucial step in the green and intelligent development of China's inland river shipping.
The "Gezhouba" (葛洲坝) pure electric bulk carrier has a total length of nearly 130 meters and a maximum deadweight of over 13,000 tons. The ship is equipped with 12 lithium battery box power supplies as a power source, with a total power of 24,000 kilowatt-hours, supporting rapid battery replacement, and a range of up to 500 kilometers.
Return to TopThis newspaper reports from Beijing on October 23rd (Reporter Shi Fang (施芳)) On October 23rd, the Beijing Garden City Research Center (北京花园城市研究中心) was officially established in Beijing (北京). The center will conduct systematic research on major theoretical and practical issues related to the construction of a garden city in the capital.
The Beijing Garden City Research Center (北京花园城市研究中心) was initiated by the Beijing Municipal Forestry and Parks Bureau (北京市园林绿化局) and the Party School of Beijing Municipal Committee (Beijing Administration College) (北京市委党校（北京行政学院）), and jointly established with the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission (北京市发展和改革委员会), the Beijing Municipal Commission of Planning and Natural Resources (北京市规划和自然资源委员会), the Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau (北京市生态环境局), the Beijing Municipal Water Authority (北京市水务局), and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (北京市农业农村局). The center has also invited university scholars, leading industry talents, and experts from practical departments in core areas of garden city construction such as landscaping, environmental protection, and energy conservation to participate in the research, aiming to create a high-level innovation platform integrating teaching, scientific research, and decision-making consultation.
Return to TopLayout Design: Zhang Danfeng (张丹峰)
Return to TopOver seventy years of weathering storms and forging ahead, over seventy years of striving forward. China International Water & Electric Corp. (CWE) (中国水利电力对外有限公司), a wholly-owned subsidiary of China Communications Construction Group Co., Ltd. (CCCC) (中国交通建设集团有限公司), is a state-owned enterprise that pioneered international economic cooperation in China's water conservancy and hydropower industry. Its origins can be traced back to the foreign aid agency of the former Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power in the 1950s.
Since undertaking foreign aid work in 1955, CWE, as one of the pioneers of China's water conservancy and hydropower "going global," has always used water as a medium and electricity as a bridge, writing a magnificent chapter of Chinese enterprises building and sharing with the world, and cooperating for mutual benefit. For 70 years, CWE has been committed to providing high-quality services such as greenfield development and engineering contracting to global customers, and has built more than 800 high-quality projects in more than 80 countries and regions in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Actively practicing the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" initiative for more than 10 years, CWE has built a large number of landmark projects in the fields of water conservancy and hydropower, infrastructure, asset operation, and environmental protection and water affairs, becoming a vivid microcosm of Chinese enterprises participating in global energy cooperation and promoting sustainable development.
Seventy Years of Struggle:
The Leap from Foreign Aid Development to Global Development
CWE's history is a history of serving national strategies and keeping pace with the times. The predecessor of CWE, the foreign aid agency of the former Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, built the Xuan Quang sluice gate in Vietnam and the Sukhe-Bator thermal power plant in Mongolia from 1956 to 1958, opening the prelude to China's foreign aid in hydropower. In 1964, the Foreign Engineering Company of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power was established. Generations of CWE people went to faraway lands and undertook nearly 100 foreign aid projects in 27 countries and regions.
After the reform and opening up, CWE took the lead in "switching tracks" to the international engineering contracting market. In 1983, China International Water & Electric Corp. was officially established, becoming one of the first eight foreign economic and trade enterprises in the country. From the Pokhara Kaishing Bridge in Nepal and the Kayenzi Hydropower Station in Burundi, to the Guddu Thermal Power Station in Pakistan and the Pak Phanang Water Diversion Project in Thailand, CWE not only drove the "going global" of China's large-scale thermal power complete sets of equipment, but also honed its independent bidding and self-operated project capabilities in practice, realizing a fundamental transformation from "window-type" to "entity-type" operation.
Entering the new era, CWE seized the opportunity to jointly build the "Belt and Road" and built a number of landmark projects with global influence: the Kaleta Hydropower Station in Guinea became "Chinese construction printed on currency"; the Merowe Dam in Sudan is "the longest dam in the world," and together with the Roseires Dam Heightening Project and the Upper Atbara Dam Complex, it has become a "landmark of China-Arab friendship"; the Moinak Hydropower Station in Kazakhstan has become the "hydropower pearl" of Central Asia. In 2023, CWE's professional integration into CCCC will further open up the industrial chain, actively serve and integrate into the new development pattern, and usher in a new stage of high-quality development.
Over the past 70 years, CWE has been listed among the ENR's Top 250 International Contractors for more than 30 consecutive years, with business all over the world, building a "contracting + investment" dual-wheel-drive integrated investment, construction, and operation development pattern, and becoming the "vanguard" of China's water conservancy and hydropower going to the world.
Engineering as a Pen:
Depicting the Reality of "Belt and Road" Energy Cooperation
CWE focuses on hydropower and clean energy, and has undertaken and put into operation a number of hydropower projects that benefit people's livelihoods and connect regions in countries jointly building the "Belt and Road," promoting Chinese technology, Chinese standards, and Chinese equipment to the world, and significantly improving the power supply capacity and infrastructure level of the host countries.
From 2012 to 2021, CWE successively built the Kaleta Hydropower Station and the Souapiti Hydropower Station in the Konkouré River Basin in Guinea. The Kaleta Hydropower Station has a total installed capacity of 240 MW and an annual power generation of 1.125 billion kWh. After the power station was put into operation, Guinea's installed power generation capacity increased from about 120 MW to about 360 MW, an increase of 200%. Due to the important position and outstanding contribution of the power station, the Guinean government printed the image of the Kaleta Hydropower Station on the 20,000 Guinean franc banknote. In 2019, the image of the power station was also featured on the commemorative stamps issued by the Guinean Post Office to "celebrate the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Guinea," becoming a symbol of friendly cooperation between China and Guinea. The Souapiti Hydropower Station, which was completed and put into operation in 2021, is the hydropower station with the largest installed capacity in Guinea. The power station is also connected to the West African Power Pool (WAPP), and clean electricity can be transmitted to six neighboring countries, including Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal. The power generation of the two hydropower stations accounts for about 80% of Guinea's total power generation, fundamentally improving Guinea's power shortage situation.
In Laos, CWE currently invests in and operates three hydropower stations, namely Nam Lik 1-2, Nam Yeu 2, and Nam Kong 1, with a total installed capacity of 440,000 kW, distributed in northern, central, and southern Laos, contributing "Chinese strength" to Laos' energy stability and economic and social development. Among them, the Nam Lik 1-2 Hydropower Station has an installed capacity of 100,000 kW and has generated more than 6.8 billion kWh of electricity. It is the backbone power source of the central Laos power grid, and it guarantees the power supply to the capital Vientiane in the dry season and exports electricity to Thailand in the rainy season, strongly supporting Laos' strategic goal of building a "battery of Southeast Asia."
The Turgusun Hydropower Station undertaken by CWE in Kazakhstan is also a model project of energy cooperation under the "Belt and Road" initiative. As the first hydropower project implemented under the framework of China-Kazakhstan cooperation in jointly building the "Belt and Road," the Turgusun Hydropower Station has a total installed capacity of 24.9 MW and an average annual power generation of 79.8 million kWh, filling half of the power shortage in East Kazakhstan Oblast and being included in Kazakhstan's "2015-2019 National Industrial Innovation Development Plan."
As the "vanguard" of China's water conservancy and hydropower industry "going global," CWE widely applies Chinese technology, equipment, and standards in its projects, promotes Chinese standards to gain international recognition, demonstrates the hard power of Chinese construction, and has won domestic and foreign honors such as the "Luban Award" (鲁班奖) (lǔ bān jiǎng - "Luban Prize," a prestigious award for construction projects in China) and the "National Quality Investment Project Award."
Responsibility as a Sail:
Promoting Green Development, Localization and People-to-People Connectivity
CWE always adheres to the concept of "green development, people-oriented," and runs ecological environmental protection, local talent cultivation, and social responsibility fulfillment through the entire process of project construction, realizing the unity of economic and social benefits.
Protecting green mountains and clear waters, and jointly building a clean and beautiful world.
During the construction of the San Gaban Hydropower Station in Peru, facing the rich biodiversity of the eastern foothills of the Andes Mountains, the project team hired professional environmental engineers to conduct environmental monitoring before construction, and recorded and archived 334 species of animals and 105 species of plants within the scope of the project's impact. After the project started, 83 species of orchids and 120 bromeliad plants were transplanted, and wild animals such as Andean cock-of-the-rock, opossums, and capuchin monkeys were rescued, effectively protecting local biodiversity.
At the same time, CWE continues to strengthen its technological innovation capabilities and uses technology to help green environmental protection. In the San Gaban Hydropower Station project in Peru, TBM tunnel boring technology and air cushion surge chamber design are used, which significantly reduces the excavation of construction roads and adits and protects a forest area of 110.52 hectares. This technology also improves sewage treatment efficiency and controls water environmental pollution from the source.
The CWE project department also combines the World Environment Day, Energy Saving Publicity Week, and Low-Carbon Day to organize public welfare activities such as environmental protection publicity, seedling cultivation, and garbage classification in the project location, integrating "green" into education and rooting the concept of environmental protection in the hearts of local residents.
Adhering to "teaching a man to fish," cultivating a local talent team.
CWE adheres to the concept of "teaching a man to fish," actively absorbs local employment in project construction, and cultivates local hydropower technology and management talents through methods such as "mentoring," "training in China," and "school-enterprise cooperation," promotes the localization of the operation team, and realizes the transformation from "blood transfusion" to "blood creation."
In Guinea, the Kaleta Hydropower Station and Souapiti Hydropower Station projects provided 5,000 jobs for local residents during the peak construction period, greatly increasing Guinea's employment rate. In order to improve the skills of local employees, the two project departments established mentor teams such as "women's teams" to promote technology inheritance and increase local talent reserves through "old leading new."
CWE also adopts methods such as recommending local employees to study in China and cooperating with local universities to cultivate talents. In 2016, in cooperation with the Guinean government, 30 students were publicly selected to study at Hohai University, and 17 of them were hired to participate in power station operation and maintenance management after graduation. In July 2022, in conjunction with the Confucius Institute at the University of Conakry in Guinea, a new round of student training was carried out, and 30 Guinean students were selected again for one year of theoretical and practical training.
The construction of hydropower station projects has also spawned many supporting service demands. The accommodation, transportation, catering, vehicle, and heavy equipment leasing of power station personnel have strongly promoted the economic development of the surrounding areas and brought more job opportunities to local residents.
Focusing on improving people's livelihoods, writing stories of people-to-people connectivity.
While promoting project construction, CWE actively fulfills its social responsibilities, practices the global governance concept of consultation, joint construction, and sharing, and actively carries out long-term and systematic social responsibility practices in project countries such as Cambodia, the Philippines, Peru, Chile, Guinea, and Ghana, coordinating the promotion of landmark projects and "small but beautiful" livelihood projects, and actively acts in poverty alleviation, volunteer services, donating to schools, and improving medical care, making due contributions to promoting civilization exchanges and mutual learning and enhancing people's well-being and "heart-to-heart" connectivity.
In Laos, CWE has long supported the Lao education cause, implemented full coverage of basic education assistance, helped build schools, expand school buildings, and repair old facilities, and has successively assisted in the construction of 7 schools, covering all grades of preschool education and basic education. In April 2008, it funded the reconstruction of the Pak Ngum school building. In the past 20 years, it has helped the school build a cumulative investment of nearly 4 million yuan, benefiting more than 3,000 villagers in the surrounding area. For five consecutive years, it has organized the "Lancang-Mekong Book Fragrance" public welfare activity, providing long-term assistance to 2 schools in Laos, establishing 2 "Lancang-Mekong Book House" libraries respectively, providing books and school supplies, etc., to help local education development. Since 2024, it has focused on creating the "Lancang-Mekong Green Classroom" brand activity, with a cumulative total of 14 courses, covering 4 local universities and primary and secondary schools. Adhering to the concept of "precise assistance," it systematically carried out "infrastructure + industry + education" assistance actions for the Ting Song Village in Luang Prabang City, Laos, the "international sister village" of Shibadong Village (十八洞村) (shí bā dòng cūn - "Eighteen Hole Village," a village in Hunan Province known for its poverty alleviation efforts) in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, and will assist in the construction of the Ting Song Village Kindergarten in 2025 and successfully hand it over, becoming a new model for international poverty reduction cooperation and the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.
Over the past 70 years, CWE has started from foreign aid and moved towards the world, always bearing in mind the "major affairs of the country" (国之大者) (guó zhī dà zhě - "the most important things for the nation," refers to the fundamental interests of the country), practicing the joint construction of the "Belt and Road," lighting up thousands of homes with the light of hydropower, and weaving cooperative ties with the beauty of engineering. Facing the future, under the guidance of CCCC's "three sixes" development strategy, CWE will focus on the "six four six" strategy, bravely shoulder the mission of "serving the country with hydropower," deeply implement the "four merchants and six chains" development path, continue to contribute to building a community with a shared future for mankind, and strive to write a new chapter of high-quality development and high-level opening up.
Data source: China International Water & Electric Corp.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 邵玉姿
Introduction
Relying on the shared advanced production equipment of large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can engage in manufacturing without building their own production lines. In Hebei (河北), shared manufacturing promotes the sharing of enterprise resources, helping industries reduce costs, increase efficiency, and develop collaboratively.
This year's "Government Work Report" requires "deepening the pilot projects for the integrated development of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, and accelerating the development of service-oriented manufacturing." In September, seven departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (工业和信息化部), jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for Deeply Promoting the Innovative Development of Service-oriented Manufacturing (2025-2028)," proposing to "implement actions to cultivate and enhance shared manufacturing."
Since 2024, the "Hebei Province Characteristic Industrial Cluster 'Shared Intelligent Manufacturing' Action Plan" and the "Hebei Province Characteristic Industrial Cluster 'Shared Intelligent Manufacturing' Work Guide" have been successively issued, clarifying six major sharing paths: raw material centralized procurement, key equipment, production processes, product design, technological innovation, and logistics trade, covering the entire production and manufacturing chain, and promoting the integrated sharing of manufacturing capabilities, service capabilities, and innovation capabilities of cluster enterprises.
As of now, 168 enterprises in 89 key industrial clusters in Hebei Province (河北省) have built shared factories (carriers), opening up resources such as production and manufacturing, research and design, and inspection and testing, sharing more than 10,000 sets of equipment, and driving more than 13,000 enterprises to collaborate and increase efficiency.
Manufacturing Capability Sharing
SMEs reduce costs and increase efficiency, large enterprises revitalize resources, and characteristic industrial clusters develop together.
One workshop produces multiple products belonging to different enterprises. At the Tangshan Baichuan Robot Shared Manufacturing Factory (唐山百川机器人共享制造工厂), the reporter saw such a scene.
Located in Tangshan High-tech Zone (唐山高新区), Hebei (河北), this shared manufacturing factory covers an area of 150,000 square meters and was put into use in early 2024. It has multiple departments such as production and manufacturing, design and research, and quality management. It has 800 sets of hardware and software equipment and more than 1,000 R&D and production professionals, with an annual output of 3,000 sets of robot products.
"Robot R&D and manufacturing require advanced equipment and modern workshops, which require large investments that SMEs often cannot afford. Through shared manufacturing factories, they do not need to purchase and build their own, and can use them by paying a certain fee, which greatly reduces financial pressure," said Wang Mengzhao (王孟昭), head of the Baichuan Factory, adding that the robots are mostly made of non-standard parts, so the factory has built a set of flexible production units that can flexibly adapt to the production needs of different enterprises.
In 2019, Tangshan Siwei Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (唐山四维智能科技有限公司) moved into the incubation center of the National Torch Tangshan Robot Characteristic Industrial Base (国家火炬唐山机器人特色产业基地) where the Baichuan Factory is located. "With the development of the enterprise, the company's original production line could not meet the new production needs. Upgrading requires funds and maintenance requires labor, which are not small expenses." After the Baichuan Factory was put into use, Chen Yaoqi (陈耀岐), general manager of Siwei Intelligent, solved his troubles. "The equipment here is advanced, and we can also use the innovation coupons and creation coupons issued by the government to pay part of the fees, which is more efficient and lower in cost."
In the incubation center of the National Torch Tangshan Robot Characteristic Industrial Base (国家火炬唐山机器人特色产业基地), there are many enterprises like Siwei Intelligent. "The Baichuan Factory helps SMEs in the incubation center increase production efficiency by more than 10% and reduce the cost per unit product by more than 8%," said Wang Mengzhao (王孟昭).
If the Baichuan Factory is an open shared model for enterprises with robot production needs in multiple fields such as medical, agricultural, and industrial, then the shared factory built by leading enterprises based on the industrial chain layout is more targeted.
"Relying on the shared workshop, the company saved more than 1.3 million yuan in the irradiation process last year," said Bo Naiqin (薄乃钦), general manager of Hebei Huiming Wire and Cable Co., Ltd. (河北慧明线缆有限公司), in Wanfang Science and Technology Industrial Park (万方科技产业园), Ningjin County (宁晋县), Xingtai City (邢台市), calculating the "cost reduction account."
Ningjin County (宁晋县) is the largest wire and cable industry base in North China. In recent years, with the development of the new energy industry, the local production scale of photovoltaic cables has continued to expand, and irradiation is an indispensable process in production.
"An electron accelerator for irradiation costs about 10 million yuan, which most SMEs cannot afford," Bo Naiqin (薄乃钦) recalled that Ningjin (宁晋) has more than 2,000 wire and cable production and related enterprises, but in the past, none of them had an electron accelerator. "Enterprises either give up related orders or transport their products to other places for processing."
Previously, the photovoltaic cables produced by Huiming Wire and Cable (慧明线缆) were transported to a company in Tangshan (唐山) for irradiation. "Taking a processing order of 200,000 meters of photovoltaic cables as an example, in addition to the 16,000 yuan irradiation processing fee, the round-trip freight costs 4,800 yuan, and it takes at least 3 days. If there are many enterprises that need irradiation processing, they have to queue up, and the time is longer. The person guarding the car and the quality inspector are watching the whole process, and labor and accommodation are all costs," Bo Naiqin (薄乃钦) once felt deeply helpless.
In July 2023, with the support of the local government, two leading enterprises in the industrial cluster, Hebei Wanfang Cable Group Co., Ltd. (河北万方线缆集团有限公司) and Mingda Cable Group Co., Ltd. (明达线缆集团有限公司), jointly invested in the construction of the county's first shared irradiation workshop, Ouda Irradiation Center (欧达辐照中心). The center has a total investment of more than 48 million yuan and has 4 electron accelerators online. At full capacity, it can irradiate about 1.6 million meters of photovoltaic cables a day.
"The equipment in the shared workshop is the latest, and the production efficiency is high; the company is only a few kilometers away from the workshop, which also saves long-distance transportation costs," Bo Naiqin (薄乃钦) said excitedly that the shared workshop has given the company the courage to further expand the market. "In the past, we didn't dare to accept urgent orders that required delivery within 3 days, but now it's no problem to deliver on the same day."
In 2024, Ouda Irradiation Center (欧达辐照中心) irradiated nearly 160 million meters of photovoltaic cables, serving more than 80 local enterprises.
Sharing manufacturing capabilities promotes cost reduction and efficiency improvement for SMEs. But how can large enterprises with high-quality production resources be willing to "open their doors to welcome guests"?
"For us, the problem with high-end equipment and intelligent production lines is often not 'not being able to use them,' but 'not being able to use them fully,'" said Zhao Heyi (赵合义), general manager of Hebei Ouda New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (河北欧达新能源科技有限公司), the operator of Ouda Irradiation Center (欧达辐照中心). In recent years, the output of photovoltaic cables of Wanfang Group (万方集团) and Mingda Group (明达集团) has increased year by year. Building an irradiation workshop is to meet their own production needs, but it is difficult to cover the high construction costs based solely on their own photovoltaic cable output. "Sharing the workshop can increase additional income and activate surplus production capacity."
In Wang Mengzhao's (王孟昭) view, sharing resources is not a simple borrowing of equipment, but a promotion of the joint development of large, medium, and small enterprises, driving the collaborative upgrading of the entire industrial cluster and making the "cake" bigger. As of now, the Baichuan Factory (百川工厂) has provided "secondary R&D" and non-standard parts processing services for more than 160 universities, research institutes, and robot SMEs, with a new output value of more than 130 million yuan. Since 2024, Tangshan High-tech Zone (唐山高新区) has added 109 robot enterprises, bringing the total number of robot enterprises to 236.
Service Capability Sharing
Centralized procurement of raw materials, product docking and sales, and optimized shared services.
Copper is one of the main raw materials for wire and cable production. In the production workshop of Ningjin County Yijinlai Metal Wire Co., Ltd. (宁晋县益金莱金属线材有限公司), coils of copper rods are sent into wire drawing machines for processing.
"Copper rods are purchased in coils, each coil weighing more than 4 tons, and a truck can hold about 8 coils, which costs more than 2 million yuan. Our company is not large and cannot use that much at a time, but suppliers generally have to collect enough for a truck before shipping," said Cao Huizhao (曹惠昭), head of the company, who used to hesitate about when to purchase copper rods. "**捉襟见肘** (zhuō jīn jiàn zhǒu - "pull the lapel to cover the elbow," to be in a tight financial situation; unable to make ends meet)" "Buying a coil of copper rods takes up most of our working capital; if we don't buy, we are afraid that we will need raw materials temporarily, and the price will be high, and we may not be able to get them immediately."
How to solve the contradiction? Centralize and integrate scattered demands.
At the end of 2023, Ningjin County (宁晋县), through government guidance and enterprise operation, established Hebei Haorun Import and Export Trade Co., Ltd. (河北昊润进出口贸易有限公司) to uniformly bid for and purchase copper rods and auxiliary materials. This move not only alleviated the difficulty of raw material procurement for SMEs, but also powerfully opened the door to price negotiation in the upstream supply chain. Tao Haowei (陶浩伟), head of Haorun Company, introduced that through centralized procurement and transportation, the procurement cost of each ton of copper rods is reduced by about 100 yuan. In 2024, the wire and cable industry in Ningjin County (宁晋县) cumulatively reduced raw material costs by 56 million yuan.
"Thanks to the advance stocking of raw materials in the Haorun Company's warehouse, we can buy smoothly even in small quantities, and we don't get 'stuck' when we need them urgently, which guarantees production," Cao Huizhao (曹惠昭) said with satisfaction.
"The copper rods purchased through centralized procurement have strict quality control, which saves money and worry," said Li Ying (李营), general manager of Hongxin Cable Co., Ltd. (宏鑫电缆有限公司), similarly, "Centralized procurement of raw materials helps SMEs reduce costs and improve product quality from the source."
Not limited to centralized procurement of raw materials, in some characteristic industrial clusters in Hebei (河北), service capability sharing also extends to product sales and other links.
Starting in the 1970s, the bearing characteristic industrial cluster in Linxi County (临西县), Xingtai City (邢台市) has reached a considerable scale, but in recent years, its development has encountered bottlenecks. "In the cluster, SMEs generally face problems such as weak innovation capabilities, difficulty in improving quality and reducing costs, narrow market channels, lack of logistics and financing support, and small talent attraction," said Meng Xianpeng (孟宪鹏), deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Xingtai Municipal People's Congress and secretary of the Linxi County Party Committee, adding that it is difficult for enterprises to solve the problems, and the government needs to take the initiative to integrate resources and maximize their effectiveness.
In May 2023, Linzhou Group (Hebei) Bearing Co., Ltd. (临轴集团（河北）轴承有限公司) was established as a state-owned enterprise specializing in serving the bearing industry. It is responsible for operating the collective trademark "Linxi Bearing" (临西轴承) and provides services such as centralized procurement of raw materials, brand promotion, warehousing and logistics for cluster enterprises through gathered industrial resources and professional market-oriented operations.
"Steel forgings are the main raw materials for bearing production. Steel forgings with both price and quality advantages can not only promote cost reduction and efficiency improvement for enterprises, but also support the transformation and upgrading of the entire industry," said Wei Xinglin (魏星临), head of Linzhou Group, believing that enterprises originally purchased steel forgings separately, which faced the dilemma of "small quantities and high prices" and made it difficult to connect with high-quality steel enterprises.
Now, Linzhou Group (临轴集团) integrates the procurement needs of bearing enterprises in the region to achieve large-scale procurement and has reached cooperation with Hebei Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. (河钢集团有限公司), a super-large steel group. "We purchase high-end bearing steel from Hebei Iron and Steel Group (河钢集团) as raw materials and sell high-quality bearing products to Hebei Iron and Steel (河钢), forming a virtuous circle," said Wei Xinglin (魏星临).
Relying on the "Linxi Bearing" (临西轴承) trademark, Linzhou Group (临轴集团) has also taken the lead in building a shared order collaboration platform for the bearing industry, integrating the production capacity and equipment resources of enterprises in the industrial cluster that meet quality requirements, and connecting with domestic and foreign order demands in real time.
Thanks to the shared order collaboration platform, in 2024, Xingtai Yuanyao Bearing Co., Ltd. (邢台源耀轴承有限公司), which used to focus on retail, achieved order-based production, with annual sales of nearly 7 million yuan, doubling from 2023. From January to September this year, Yuanyao Company's (源耀公司) sales reached 8 million yuan, and it is expected to exceed 10 million yuan for the whole year. "The shared 'plate' is bigger, and the 'plate' of our SMEs is more stable," said Hao Hongxia (郝红霞), general manager of the company, with certainty.
Shared service optimization unleashes industrial vitality. In the bearing characteristic industrial cluster in Linxi County (临西县), more and more SMEs like Yuanyao (源耀) want to develop and dare to develop. In 2024, the cluster's revenue reached 27.158 billion yuan, an increase of 14.96% year-on-year, which is 1.7 times that of 2020.
Innovation Capability Sharing
Open R&D equipment, collaborative talent tackling, and accelerated achievement transformation.
Walking into the China-Serbia (International) Bearing Industry Shared Laboratory (中塞（国际）轴承产业共享实验室) in Linxi Bearing Industrial Park (临西轴承工业园区), staff are using a length measuring instrument to detect the diameter of a bearing produced by Yuanyao Company (源耀公司).
"The laboratory was jointly built by Linzhou Group (临轴集团) and a Serbian bearing company in June this year. It is equipped with international first-class inspection and testing equipment and professional technicians, and can provide cluster enterprises with a full-chain service from testing to R&D," said Sonkon (索恩康), head of the laboratory.
The shared laboratory has given Yuanyao Company (源耀公司) the confidence to innovate boldly. "Small enterprises like us lack funds and talent. Now, the shared laboratory at our doorstep can test products at any time, and the test results are applied to production in a timely manner, which encourages us to improve technology, optimize processes, and innovate and develop," said Hao Hongxia (郝红霞), believing that every test may help R&D.
"Sharing manufacturing capabilities and service capabilities is the basis for realizing the quantitative change of industrial clusters, and sharing innovation capabilities is the key to promoting the qualitative change of industrial clusters," said Meng Xianpeng (孟宪鹏), believing that "shared intelligent manufacturing" is not only about building a "cost depression" for resource aggregation, but also about cultivating a "scientific and technological innovation highland" for innovation and symbiosis. Today, in many places in Hebei (河北), not only R&D equipment is shared, but also talent is openly flowing and tackling problems collaboratively.
In recent years, Linxi County (临西县), relying on R&D platforms and leading enterprises, has actively introduced universities and research institutes such as Yanshan University (燕山大学) and Luoyang Bearing Research Institute (洛阳轴承研究所) to form professional scientific and technological service teams to provide R&D services for enterprises in the bearing industrial cluster, so that scientific research can accurately connect with industrial needs.
"With the scientific and technological service team, we dare to launch an attack on 'hard bones'," Tian Zukai (田祖凯), administrative director of Hebei Xintai Bearing Forging Co., Ltd. (河北鑫泰轴承锻造有限公司), told reporters that since 2024, the company and Luoyang Bearing Research Institute (洛阳轴承研究所) have been jointly tackling an industry problem - the easy deformation of light and narrow series tapered roller bearing rings. "According to the 'diagnosis' and suggestions of the expert team, we have optimized the heat treatment process. At present, the wear resistance and service life of the thermoforming die required for the process have been improved, and we believe that there will be a major breakthrough soon," he said, unable to hide his joy.
As of now, under the R&D sharing service of the scientific and technological service team, the bearing industry in Linxi County (临西县) has completed the transformation of 6 achievements, overcome 3 key technologies, and obtained 23 patents.
Not long ago, Siwei Intelligent (四维智能), with the help of the Baichuan Factory (百川工厂), also successfully completed the first phase of key technology tackling for the "fermented bean curd bottling robot" commissioned by Beijing Wangzhihe Food Group Co., Ltd. (北京王致和食品集团有限公司).
"In addition to its own R&D strength, the Baichuan Factory (百川工厂) can also help enterprises connect with more than 50 universities and research institutes, and more than 1,000 well-known experts at home and abroad," Wang Mengzhao (王孟昭) said, citing the example that external "brains" have made up for the shortcomings in AI detection and special material research in the R&D process of the fermented bean curd bottling robot.
Sharing innovation capabilities can also accelerate the transformation and implementation of scientific and technological achievements.
"Scientific research institutes are good at research, but production is a shortcoming," said Wang Lichun (王立春), an engineer at the Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院智能农业机械装备工程实验室). The laboratory he is in charge of has led the development of a soil nutrient gamma spectrometer vehicle. This vehicle can collect soil nutrient information at a depth of 30 centimeters by scanning the ground, realizing "supplementing what is lacking," but the implementation of scientific and technological achievements is very complicated. "Changing from function-led to market demand-led, this process often requires 'secondary R&D,' which requires scientific research institutes and production enterprises to work together."
The Baichuan Factory (百川工厂) has an R&D team, masters production equipment, and is familiar with the supply chain, connecting the innovation chain and the industrial chain, which can effectively open up the channels for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements from the laboratory to the production line and then to the market. "We conduct technical docking with the Baichuan Factory (百川工厂) and jointly carry out product-level design of the soil nutrient gamma spectrometer vehicle around safety, quality, and market demand," Wang Lichun (王立春) revealed that the product-level design has been completed and prototype trial production is underway, which will be followed by small-scale production.
Innovative production inevitably has risks. To reduce risks, the Baichuan Factory (百川工厂) and insurance companies have launched insurance plans such as "pilot comprehensive insurance." If the pilot project fails to achieve the expected results, the lost R&D investment and achievement transformation costs can be compensated. As of now, the Baichuan Factory (百川工厂) has promoted the transformation of more than 50 products from concept to market.
"Currently, Hebei's 'Shared Intelligent Manufacturing' is in the popularization and promotion stage. Although it has achieved certain results, the breadth and depth of sharing need to be improved." The relevant responsible comrade of the Hebei Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology (河北省工业和信息化厅) said that the next step will be to guide more characteristic industrial clusters to carry out shared applications through case sharing, on-site exchanges and other forms; give full play to the role of science and technology commissioner groups, public technology platforms, etc., encourage financial institutions to develop characteristic and differentiated financial products, and promote characteristic industrial clusters to accelerate the integration and sharing of manufacturing, service and innovation capabilities to extend and upgrade.
By: 邵玉姿
In Hebei (河北), entering distinctive industrial clusters and exploring enterprise development, one hears many "unimaginable" things.
Unimaginable that a small bearing company could buy high-end bearing steel from large steel enterprises at "bulk purchase prices"; unimaginable that a robotics company with only 5 employees could transform and implement the concept of "elderly care robots" in just one year, and also carry out four technical iterations; unimaginable that a metal wire mesh production enterprise without funds to build a laboratory could use cutting-edge testing equipment at its doorstep without having to purchase it themselves... "Shared intelligent manufacturing" has turned many "unimaginable" things into "visible" realities.
Developing distinctive industrial clusters, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) generally face problems such as large equipment investment, weak R&D capabilities, and low production efficiency. "Shared intelligent manufacturing" deeply integrates the concept of sharing with advanced manufacturing and new-generation information technology, achieving effective integration, optimized allocation, and flexible matching of manufacturing resources through sharing production resources, technology, and service capabilities. With sharing promoting mutual benefit, the resources that SMEs could not previously access, the efficiency they could hardly imagine, and the dreams that were out of reach have become vivid and tangible realities.
"Shared intelligent manufacturing" breaks down resource barriers. Tangshan Baichuan Robot Shared Manufacturing Factory (唐山百川机器人共享制造工厂) shares advanced production equipment, allowing SMEs to engage in manufacturing without building production lines; Linzhou Group (临轴集团) has built a production service sharing platform, integrating cluster resources to achieve full-chain sharing from raw material bulk purchases to product sales. "Shared intelligent manufacturing" promotes high-quality production resources from "exclusive" to "inclusive," allowing SMEs to obtain the key resources needed for enterprise development at lower costs and higher efficiency.
"Shared intelligent manufacturing" opens up innovation channels. Relying on the R&D team and expert think tank of Baichuan Factory (百川工厂), the bathing assistance robot developed by Hebei Jiadingshu Technology Co., Ltd. (河北佳定舒科技有限公司) has achieved breakthroughs in the entire process of concept validation, sample production, and mass production; with the help of the advanced equipment of the shared laboratory of Hebei Province Wire Mesh Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (河北省丝网产品质量监督检验中心), Hebei Yingkai Model Metal Mesh Co., Ltd. (河北英凯模金属网有限公司) has developed a plain weave metal mesh with 500 mesh per square inch, achieving a technological breakthrough. With the concentration of high-end equipment and the gathering of talent resources, the concept of sharing enables diverse entities such as SMEs, universities, and research institutions to collaborate and innovate on the same platform, achieving a virtuous cycle of promoting innovation through sharing and seeking development through innovation.
Scientific research results are being implemented one after another, the number of invention patents is soaring, and total sales are climbing all the way... These encouraging data reflect the strong momentum stimulated by "shared intelligent manufacturing." "Shared intelligent manufacturing" is not a simple resource patchwork, but a systematic reconstruction of the industrial ecosystem. Large enterprises "share and empower," and SMEs "start lightly," the flow of production resources shapes a large system of "ecological win-win," in which each enterprise can nourish each other and grow together.
Return to TopLayout Design: Shen Yiling (沈亦伶)
Return to TopThe Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中共二十届四中全会) proposed to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and steadily promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. Moving forward towards the established goals, China will contribute more wisdom and inspiration to the sustainable development of global villages.
The United Nations World Tourism Organization recently announced the list of "Best Tourism Villages" for 2025, and the four villages declared by China were selected. Together with the 15 villages selected in the previous four batches, China has 19 "Best Tourism Villages." These villages have their own characteristics in terms of natural landforms, cultural forms, and development paths, presenting a rich and diverse development context, and demonstrating to the world the vivid practice of China in promoting ecological civilization construction and comprehensive rural revitalization in the new era.
This year marks the 20th anniversary of the concept that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets." The list of "Best Tourism Villages" for 2025 was announced in Huzhou (湖州市), Zhejiang Province (浙江省), where this concept was first proposed. The latest selected villages are all vivid practices of the "Two Mountains" theory: Digang Village (荻港村) in Zhejiang (浙江) preserves the world's most complete mulberry dike-fish pond system, achieving ecological "zero pollution"; Jikayi Village (基卡依村) in Sichuan (四川) is adjacent to the "Giant Panda Habitat" World Natural Heritage Site and the World Biosphere Reserve Network, developing a plateau three-dimensional agricultural ecosystem; Huanggang Village (黄岗村) in Guizhou (贵州) has 85% forest coverage and 2,300 mu of terraced fields, protecting the original natural beauty; Dongluo Village (东罗村) in Jiangsu (江苏) has interwoven water systems and picturesque polder fields... These villages have adapted to local conditions and embarked on a path of sustainable development with ecological beauty, industrial prosperity, and affluent people. Under the guidance of the "Two Mountains" theory, China is unswervingly taking the road of ecological priority, conservation and intensive use, and green, low-carbon, high-quality development. Hundreds of millions of people are pursuing green development and sharing the fruitful results of green development. A modern picture of harmonious coexistence between man and nature is unfolding in the beautiful China.
The key to rural revitalization lies in industrial revitalization. Chinese villages, based on their own conditions, have vigorously developed new business forms such as rural tourism, ecological agriculture, and cultural creativity by exploring local culture and characteristic resources, realizing 一业兴、百业旺 (yī yè xīng, bǎi yè wàng - "one industry prospers, all industries thrive," when one industry flourishes, it brings prosperity to all other related sectors), providing useful references for the sustainable development of global villages. Shibadong Village (十八洞村) in Hunan (湖南) develops Miao embroidery, homestays, and characteristic agricultural products; Huanggang Village (黄岗村) promotes comprehensive rural revitalization through the overall protection of intangible cultural heritage; Jikayi Village (基卡依村) explores the path of natural ecology and colorful folk customs complementing each other... Rural tourism makes villages more beautiful and enriches the lives of villagers. Nowadays, staying in homestays, eating delicious food, and buying specialties in the countryside have become a new fashion for urban and rural residents in China. In 2024, China's leisure agriculture operating income was nearly 900 billion yuan, an increase of nearly 50 billion yuan compared to 2020. Secretary-General of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, Zurab Pololikashvili, said that the "Best Tourism Villages" have injected strong impetus into promoting rural transformation and helping to build a more sustainable future.
In the process of promoting the construction of beautiful villages, all parts of China have integrated the traditional aesthetic wisdom of the Chinese nation into rural development and protection, continuously improving the comfort of the living environment, the completeness of infrastructure, and the convenience of public services, so that ancient villages can radiate stronger "vitality," richer "cultural flavor," and more vibrant "atmosphere of life." Foreign tourists who come to visit Chinese villages exclaimed: "It not only retains the traditional charm, but also exudes modernity and artistry, allowing me to see the integration of ancient and modern development in Chinese villages." The vibrant "Village Evening Gala," the "Village Songs" that resound throughout the north and south, and the "Square Dance" that dances in urban and rural areas... These cultural scenes originating from the masses and rooted in life demonstrate the Chinese people's spirit of forging ahead and the rich cultural heritage of Chinese villages.
The beauty of Chinese villages is the harmonious beauty of ecological protection and economic development complementing each other, the integrated beauty of traditional culture and modern civilization reflecting each other, and the beauty of life where people's sense of gain, happiness, and security are constantly improving. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China adhered to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, deeply implemented the rural revitalization strategy, and promoted new historical achievements in agricultural and rural development, laying a solid foundation for the transformation of a large agricultural country into a strong agricultural country. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中共二十届四中全会) proposed to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and steadily promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. Moving forward towards the established goals, China will contribute more wisdom and inspiration to the sustainable development of global villages.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 郑 翔
Data recently released by Statistics South Africa shows that South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 0.8% in the second quarter of this year, a steady increase from the 0.1% growth rate in the first quarter. A report by the Bureau for Economic Research of South Africa believes that South Africa's economy in the second quarter exceeded market expectations, making it the strongest growth quarter in nearly two years, and it is expected that the economy will continue to show a moderate growth trend in the future. Standard Bank of South Africa expects the country's economy to grow by 0.9% in 2025 and 1.3% in 2026.
According to relevant briefings released by the South African Government Communication and Information System, 8 of South Africa's 10 industries achieved growth in the second quarter of this year, far higher than the 4 in the first quarter. Benefiting from the increase in the production of platinum group metals, gold, and chromium ore, South Africa's mining industry achieved a growth of 3.7% in the second quarter, the fastest growth since the first quarter of 2021. Due to positive growth in 7 industries, including petroleum and chemical products, rubber and plastic products, and transportation equipment, the manufacturing industry as a whole grew by 1.8%, contributing 0.2 percentage points to GDP growth in the second quarter. At the same time, South African agriculture continued the positive development momentum of the previous quarter, achieving growth for the third consecutive quarter, with an increase of 2.5%.
Growth in household consumption has a significant pulling effect on the South African economy. Data from Statistics South Africa shows that domestic consumption remained active in the second quarter, with the trade, catering, and accommodation industries growing by 1.7%, the highest level since the first quarter of 2022. With increased spending on catering, hotels, clothing, insurance, and other items, South African household consumption increased by 0.8% in the second quarter, achieving growth for the fifth consecutive quarter. The South African government stated that increased government public spending also provided assistance to the economic development of the quarter.
Currently, South Africa's economic growth still faces challenges such as unstable domestic power supply and a heavy debt burden. At the same time, the United States' imposition of a 30% high tariff on South African products exported to the United States has had a serious impact on South African exports, especially automobile and agricultural product exports, adding more uncertainty to its economic trend. South Africa's total exports and fixed capital investment both showed a downward trend in the second quarter. The South African government and business community are actively responding to challenges and promoting the diversified development of foreign trade. Taking agricultural product exports as an example, South Africa's citrus exports to Vietnam and avocado exports to China continue to grow, and a transcontinental supply chain connecting African demand with Asian demand through the African Continental Free Trade Area is taking shape.
South African President Cyril Ramaphosa (西里尔·拉马福萨) stated that South Africa is firmly promoting the construction of the African Continental Free Trade Area and continuously expanding economic and trade cooperation with BRICS countries and other emerging market countries, seeking to open up broader export channels and overseas markets for South African products, thereby consolidating the positive economic momentum. Chloe Maluleke (克洛埃·马卢莱克), a South African BRICS expert, believes that the South African economy can still achieve moderate growth in the face of various unfavorable factors, demonstrating resilience. "South Africa and other countries in the Global South have very broad prospects for jointly promoting the development of multilateral trade cooperation."
(Reported by our correspondent in Johannesburg (约翰内斯堡) on October 23)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 刘 赫
In Berlin, Germany, 62-year-old Rudolf Kissling (鲁道夫·基斯林) has been running a small heating and air conditioning service company for many years. Now, as he approaches retirement, he has been unable to find a suitable successor. "My children are in completely different industries and cannot take over my business, and some employees are unwilling to take on the responsibility," Kissling (基斯林) said helplessly. In Germany, many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) owners like Kissling (基斯林) face the problem of finding a successor. If they cannot find a successor, these companies may have to close.
SMEs account for more than half of Germany's economic output and provide nearly 60% of the jobs. According to a survey by KfW (德国复兴信贷银行), Germany, about 231,000 SME owners plan to close their businesses by the end of this year, an increase of 67,500 from a year ago. Michael Schwartz (米夏埃尔·施瓦茨), an SME expert at KfW (德国复兴信贷银行), said that never before have so many SMEs considered giving up their businesses due to a lack of successors.
German demographic data shows that more than half of German SME owners are currently over 55 years old, compared to only 20% a decade ago. The aging of SME owners is also faster than the overall population, with SME owners over 60 accounting for as much as 39%, while this proportion is about 30% in the total German population. Many German SMEs are family businesses, but many business owners' children are unwilling to take over. A survey by the Ifo Institute (慕尼黑经济研究所) shows that about 42% of German SMEs cannot find family members to inherit the business. Many young people pursue stable income and manageable risks, and compared to the salary levels and welfare promises offered by large companies, they are less willing to take over SMEs.
Carsten Brzeski (卡斯滕·布热斯基), head of macro research at ING (荷兰国际集团), believes that many business owners are unwilling to increase investment when there is no successor, creating an "investment bottleneck." Many of Germany's large companies' suppliers include irreplaceable SMEs. Mark Tenbieg (马克·滕比格), chairman of the German Association for Small and Medium-Sized Businesses (德国中小企业联合会), believes that the succession problem of SME owners "not only threatens employment, but may also weaken Germany's economic position as a whole."
In response to the succession problem of SMEs, a spokesperson for the German Ministry of Economic Affairs (德国经济部门) said that the government has taken a number of measures to support SMEs in finding successors, such as providing low-interest loans and building free websites for companies to find willing successors, but the actual effect is not good. Michael Wolf (米夏埃尔·沃尔夫), a mergers and acquisitions expert at the German investment bank Stifel (德国投资银行施蒂费尔), believes that private equity acquisitions are usually seen as a solution, but in reality, they are only suitable for larger mid-sized companies. For smaller companies, "there is still no systematic solution to date." Peter Adrian (彼得·阿德里安), president of the Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce (德国工商大会), recently called on the German federal government to take urgent measures to significantly increase the attractiveness of SMEs in order to help them find successors.
(Reported from Berlin (柏林) on October 23)
Return to TopNicosia, October 23 (Reporter Xie Yahong (谢亚宏)) The China-Cyprus-Europe Media Forum was held in Nicosia (尼科西亚), the capital of Cyprus, from October 21 to 23. The theme of the forum was "The Era of Great Changes: A Shared Future for Mankind, Deepening Media Exchanges and Cooperation, and Jointly Shaping a Better Future for China-Cyprus and China-Europe Relations." It was co-sponsored by the Chinese Embassy in Cyprus (中国驻塞浦路斯使馆), Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation (塞浦路斯广播电视公司), Cyprus Mail (塞浦路斯邮报), Xinhua News Agency European Bureau (新华社欧洲总分社), and China Media Group European Bureau (中央广电总台欧洲总站).
More than 100 representatives from China, Cyprus, and other European countries discussed three topics: "Media Cooperation to Promote the Development of China-Cyprus and China-Europe Relations," "The Social and International Responsibilities of the Media," and "Artificial Intelligence Empowering Media Development and Regulation." They also released outcome documents such as the forum declaration. The participants unanimously agreed that strengthening cooperation between Chinese and European media is essential for enhancing mutual trust and reducing misunderstandings.
Liu Yantao (刘彦涛), the Chinese Ambassador to Cyprus, said in his speech that Chinese and European media should continue to deepen exchanges and cooperation, jointly tell the story of China-Cyprus and China-Europe cooperation, and create a new chapter in China-Cyprus and China-Europe media cooperation. Annita Demetriou (迪米特里乌), Speaker of the Cypriot Parliament, said in a video speech that strengthening media exchanges will help further strengthen relations between countries, enhance public understanding and trust, and explore greater opportunities for cooperation.
Return to TopInner Mongolia Shuangxin Environmental Protection Materials Co., Ltd. (内蒙古双欣环保材料股份有限公司) (referred to as "Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保)") was established in June 2009. Since its establishment, Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) has continuously strengthened technological innovation and key core technology research, and is committed to becoming a first-class enterprise in the global green chemical new materials field. Shuangxin Environmental Protection's (双欣环保) main business has always focused on cultivating new quality productive forces and promoting high-quality development requirements, strengthening technological innovation empowerment, and promoting the company's green and sustainable development. At present, Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) is relying on the entire polyvinyl alcohol industry chain layout to expand new economic momentum and strive to contribute to the construction of a strong science and technology country.
Continuously Invest in R&D and Innovation
Enhance Enterprise Core Competitiveness
In order to consolidate core competitiveness and build a solid foundation for R&D and innovation, Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) has established R&D institutions mainly composed of the Shuangxin Research Institute (双欣研究院), Polyvinyl Alcohol Technology Center (聚乙烯醇技术中心), and Calcium Carbide Technology Center (电石技术中心), and has R&D platforms such as the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Polyvinyl Alcohol and its Application Engineering Technology Research Center (内蒙古自治区聚乙烯醇及其应用工程技术研究中心). Through independent research and development, internal tackling of key problems, collaborative innovation with scientific research institutes, and the establishment of technical research and cooperation relationships with leading global industry enterprises, new products are researched and developed, new technologies are developed, and high value-added product markets are opened up, forming a complete set of new product and new technology R&D systems.
After years of technological innovation and production practice, Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) has mastered a number of core technologies and production processes in the field of polyvinyl alcohol and its upstream and downstream, forming domestically advanced technological achievements. As of the end of 2024, Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) has obtained 252 authorized patents, including 39 invention patents; passed 19 scientific and technological achievement appraisals in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (内蒙古自治区), and independently undertaken major scientific research projects such as the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Major Project "Research and Industrialization Demonstration of Key Technologies for Green Manufacturing of High-Performance Polyvinyl Alcohol" (高性能聚乙烯醇绿色制造关键技术研究与产业化示范) and the National Key R&D Program "Science and Technology to Help Economy 2020" key special project "Intelligent Construction and Transformation of PVA Production Line" (PVA生产线智能化建设与改造), and the company's core competitiveness has been continuously enhanced.
Drive Development with Innovation
Accelerate the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements
Making innovation a new engine for driving development, Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) continuously explores, develops, and applies new technologies, new processes, and new products, and attaches importance to strengthening the R&D and production capacity of customized, high value-added polyvinyl alcohol and downstream products. Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) industrializes innovative research results, develops high-end polyvinyl alcohol special materials, and realizes the domestic breakthrough of some special models of polyvinyl alcohol.
PVC polymerization environmental protection additives are one of the most critical additives in the PVC production process. In 2022, the polymerization environmental protection additive products produced by Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) were launched, realizing the localization of PVC polymerization environmental protection additives, adding to the industrial safety and healthy development of China's polyvinyl chloride industry. At the same time, the PVA optical film project and high-end PVB resin and its functional film project independently researched and designed by Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) fill the domestic market gap and are a vivid practice of private enterprises promoting new quality productive forces through the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) was awarded the title of national-level specialized, refined, and new "Little Giant" enterprise, and won honorary titles such as Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Leading Enterprise (内蒙古自治区科技领军企业), Technology Innovation Demonstration Enterprise (技术创新示范企业), Top 30 Private Science and Technology Innovation Enterprises (科技创新民营企业30强), and Manufacturing Individual Champion Enterprise (制造业单项冠军企业); Shuangxin Environmental Protection's (双欣环保) High-Performance Polyvinyl Alcohol Green Manufacturing Key Technology Research and Industrialization Project won the second prize of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Progress Award (内蒙古自治区科学技术进步奖), the Key Process Technology Research and Industrial Application Project for Producing High-Quality Multi-Variety PVA won the third prize of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Progress Award (内蒙古自治区科学技术进步奖), and the Development and Technological Development Project of T-type Polyvinyl Alcohol Polymer Materials won the first prize of the Inner Mongolia Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association Science and Technology Progress Award (内蒙古石油和化学工业协会科技进步奖).
Establish a Circular Economy Industry Chain
Promote Green and Sustainable Development of Enterprises
Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) is committed to integrated operation, relying on the resource and industrial advantages of Inner Mongolia (内蒙古) to establish a circular economy industry chain centered on polyvinyl alcohol, "limestone-calcium carbide-vinyl acetate-polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinyl alcohol special fiber and other downstream products." Through continuous strengthening of technological innovation and process upgrading, it has successfully realized the organic combination and extension of basic chemical raw materials and fine chemical materials business segments.
Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) has successively been rated as the first batch of national "Green Factories" and "Green Manufacturing Demonstration Units," and won the "Chemical Fiber Green Development Contribution Award" and other honors. Shuangxin Environmental Protection (双欣环保) drives the development of upstream and downstream industries, promotes regional economic prosperity, promotes the high-quality development of the chemical industry, and shapes a good social image and brand value through the circular economy layout.
Data source: Inner Mongolia Shuangxin Environmental Protection Materials Co., Ltd. (内蒙古双欣环保材料股份有限公司)
Return to TopBy: 张海蛟
Inside the exhibition hall of the Yungang Grottoes Museum (云冈石窟博物馆), a precious Buddha eye is on display. It is conical in shape, solid, with a black glaze on the thick, bulging end and a yellowish-brown body exposed on the thin end. It is 11.5 cm in diameter and 14.4 cm in length, and is a relic from the Liao-Jin period. This small Buddha eye is quite extraordinary. Through the vicissitudes of time, it separated from the Buddha statue, was lost, and then returned. Behind it lies not only a beautiful story of interaction between Chinese and American scholars, but also the cultural connotation of the changing concept of statue-making along with the cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.
The Return of the Buddha Eye:
Initiating a Story of Interaction between Chinese and American Scholars
In the early 20th century, due to the impact of war, theft, destruction, and natural weathering, the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟) once became desolate and dilapidated. Some caves were even transformed into residences and stables, and this magnificent royal grotto was covered by the dust of history. In 1902, Japanese scholar Chuta Ito (伊东忠太) accidentally encountered the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟) while investigating Liao-Jin architecture in Datong (大同). The results of his investigation shocked the world and attracted many scholars to Yungang (云冈). The story of the Buddha eye begins here.
In 1932, Laurence Sickman (史协和), an American collector and enthusiast studying in China, came to the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟) for investigation. During his stay, he purchased a pottery eye of a Yungang (云冈) stone Buddha from a villager's home. Laurence Sickman (史协和) later served as the director of one of the most famous art museums in the United States, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, and had a considerable collection of Chinese cultural relics. Professor Su Bai (宿白), a famous archaeologist and professor in the Department of Archaeology at Peking University (北京大学), was the pioneer of Chinese grotto temple archaeology. Laurence Sickman (史协和), admiring Su Bai's (宿白) profound knowledge in grotto temple archaeology, gifted him this Buddha eye after retirement.
In February 1985, Su Bai (宿白) wrote to Lü Jimin (吕济民), the then-director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage (国家文物局) (formerly the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Ministry of Culture), detailing the entire story of Laurence Sickman's (史协和) donation of the Buddha eye. Su Bai (宿白) highly praised this Buddha eye, calling it a "rare cultural relic" because "many pottery eyes of the Yungang Buddha (云冈大佛) have been lost, but this is the only known surviving pottery eye." He also suggested transferring it to the Yungang Grottoes Preservation Institute (云冈保管所) (now the Yungang Academy (云冈研究院)) for preservation. In July of the same year, with the assistance of Su Bai (宿白), the Buddha eye smoothly returned to Yungang (云冈).
Black Paint Finishing:
Integrating the Tradition of Classical Chinese Painting
In fact, the eyes of the stone-carved Buddha statues in the Northern Wei Dynasty were initially painted with black paint, and the practice of embedding Buddha eyes was not yet seen. The pits we see today in the eyes of many Buddha statues in the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟) often come from later processing. These pits are generally directly carved in the middle of the Buddha's eyes, damaging the original eyelids, and some pits still contain remnants of porcelain Buddha eye beads.
The method of finishing the eyes by painting the pupils with black paint is actually a tradition of ancient Chinese painting. Its purpose is to endow the statue with spirit and make it more vivid and expressive. Xie He (谢赫), a painter of the Southern Qi Dynasty, proposed the "Six Principles" and established the standards and aesthetic principles for evaluating ancient Chinese paintings. The first principle is "Qiyun Shengdong (气韵生动)" (qì yùn shēng dòng - "spiritual consonance, life movement," refers to the overall vitality, spirit, and expressiveness of a painting). *Shi Shuo Xin Yu* (《世说新语》) records that Gu Kaizhi (顾恺之), a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, did not paint the pupils of his figures for several years. When someone asked him the reason, Gu Kaizhi (顾恺之) replied: The beauty or ugliness of the body is not important; whether it can convey the spirit depends entirely on the eyes. Zhang Yanyuan's (张彦远) *Li Dai Ming Hua Ji* (《历代名画记》) of the Tang Dynasty also records the story of Zhang Sengyou (张僧繇) of the Southern Dynasty painting the eyes of dragons, after which two dragons rode the clouds and flew away.
Chinese sculpture and painting have an inseparable relationship. Ancient sculpture creation was commonly known as "three parts sculpting, seven parts painting," and it was even believed that the role of painting was more important than sculpting. The statues of the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟) in the Northern Wei Dynasty were all painted. *Wei Shu* (《魏书》) describes the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟) as "sculpted and decorated with extraordinary grandeur, surpassing all others in the world." The fragments of gilded foil Thousand Buddhas and the fragments of a Western standing Buddha wearing vermilion robes unearthed in the archaeological excavations in front of the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟) can all corroborate the documentary records.
With this, we can imagine the scene of the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟) in those years: in the early morning light, the statues decorated with colorful paintings were particularly solemn and magnificent under the golden light; in the dim twilight, the Buddha eyes dotted with black paint shone brightly in the flickering lights. In the ancient India, Central Asia, and Chinese Xinjiang regions, which were roughly contemporary with and closely related to the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟), the eyes of Buddha statues were also mainly painted with black paint. The eyes of ancient Indian Gandhara and Mathura statues are mostly located in the upper middle of the eye socket, slightly semi-circular, accounting for about 3/5 of the height of the eye socket, such as the Buddha head in the Jikouji Temple (慈光寺) in Japan, reflecting the consistency of Buddha statues along the Silk Road in terms of aesthetic and production technology of the times.
Buddha Eye Inlay:
Reflecting the Evolution and Integration of Statue-Making Concepts
Ancient Chinese portrait sculpture gradually flourished after Buddhism was introduced into China, but "inlay" as a technical means or artistic form appeared earlier in our country. The Hongshan Culture (红山文化) clay sculpture head (5500-5000 years ago) unearthed at the Niuheliang Site (牛河梁遗址) in Chaoyang (朝阳), Liaoning (辽宁), has already used jade inlay as the eyeballs, indicating that the ancestors at that time had accumulated certain experience in the production of large-scale colored sculptures, and also began to explore how to make colored sculptures more vivid. By the Xia (夏), Shang (商), Zhou (周), Qin (秦), and Han (汉) dynasties, bronze and gold and silver sculptures had widely adopted inlay technology, often inlaying turquoise, gems, and colored glaze on the eyes and bodies of animals and mythical beasts as decorations, intending to strengthen the divine expression of animals and mythical beasts.
In the ancient Greek and Roman bronze statues of the 2nd to 4th centuries AD, there are many examples of inlaying eyeballs with copper and silver; a clay bodhisattva head (5th to 6th centuries) unearthed at the Hadda Monastery Site (哈达佛寺遗址) in Afghanistan, with eyeballs inlaid with garnets, shows that craftsmen tried to use a variety of materials to express the eyes and make the statues more vivid.
According to existing materials, the practice of inlaying Buddha eye beads in China first appeared in the Sui Dynasty (隋代) *jia zhu* statues. This is a unique traditional statue-making technique in China. Craftsmen pasted layers of hemp cloth and raw lacquer on the mud sculpture tire, and after drying, hollowed out the inner tire to form a light and solid statue. For example, the Sui Dynasty (隋代) *jia zhu* statue in the Walters Art Museum in the United States is inlaid with glass eyeballs.
This change was not accidental. From the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the integration of cultures and the eastward transmission of Buddhism, the style of Chinese Buddhist statues underwent many changes. Su Bai (宿白) specifically pointed out that from the 7th to the mid-8th century (i.e., from the Sui to the High Tang), "in terms of the shape of the image, the free and realistic style was developed, and the trend of humanizing various images was significant." In addition to large-scale statue-making, the Sui Dynasty (隋代) also extensively repaired the Buddha statues of previous generations, incorporating the statue-making styles and artistic concepts of this period, which also provided an opportunity for the emergence of inlaid eyeballs. In addition, the rapid development of the glass manufacturing industry at that time significantly improved the transparency and gloss of the glass produced, presenting a crystal-clear texture, which was used in the eyeballs of statues, greatly enhancing the sense of realism and agility.
After the Tang Dynasty (唐代), the practice of inlaying Buddha eye beads became more common. In addition to *jia zhu* statues, stone statues also adopted this method. For example, the Lushena Buddha (卢舍那佛) and attendants in Fengxian Temple (奉先寺) of the Longmen Grottoes (龙门石窟) are inlaid with glass eyeballs, and the eyeballs of the main statue in Cave 9 of the Tianlongshan Grottoes (天龙山石窟) were carved from stone when the Buddha statue was carved. Influenced by the spread of Buddhism and the statue-making techniques of the Tang Dynasty (唐代), the statues of the Todai-ji Kaidanin Temple (东大寺戒坛院) in Japan during the Tenpyo era (8th century) also used the practice of inlaying glass eyeballs. Since then, this practice has been used and has become a unique creation and historical imprint in the process of the Sinicization of Buddhism.
Small statue details witness the intersection of civilizations and the inheritance of craftsmanship. This Buddha eye, spanning thousands of years, not only condenses the ingenuity of ancient craftsmen, but also reflects from a tiny perspective the process of continuous development of Chinese civilization in openness and inclusiveness.
(The author is an associate research librarian at the Shanxi Museum (山西博物院))
Su Bai's (宿白) Letter to Lü Jimin (吕济民)
Comrade Jimin (济民):
Hello!
I am sending you a pottery eye of a Yungang (云冈) stone Buddha. Please consider whether to transfer it to the Yungang Grottoes Preservation Institute (云冈保管所) for preservation.
This item was donated by Mr. Laurence Sickman (史协和), a retired director of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas (堪萨斯纳尔逊美术馆). According to Laurence Sickman (史协和), he purchased it from a farmer near Yungang (云冈) for one silver dollar when he visited Yungang (云冈) in 1932. Laurence Sickman (史协和) also wrote an explanation, which is attached. Laurence Sickman (史协和) lived in our country for many years, loved our country's cultural relics and had a considerable collection. In recent years, many Chinese scholars who went to Kansas (堪萨斯) to visit were warmly received. Now he has returned this rare cultural relic (many pottery eyes of the Yungang Buddha (云冈大佛) have been lost, but this is the only known surviving pottery eye), which is worthy of praise. My opinion is that the State Administration of Cultural Heritage (文物局) should send a letter of thanks to show solemnity. If the leaders of the bureau think the above opinion is feasible, can we trouble Wang Shixiang (王世襄), an old friend of Laurence Sickman (史协和), to draft the English letter of thanks?
Sincerely,
Best regards!
Su Bai (宿白) 1985.2.14
Return to TopBy: 曹师韵
Wandering through the corridors of the Yogyakarta Royal Palace (日惹王宫) courtyard in Indonesia, sunlight filters through the stained-glass windows, casting dappled shadows. The octagonal pavilion in the center of the courtyard stands quietly, its traditional Javanese-style brick walls and roof simple and solemn, recounting the palace's two and a half centuries of history. In the courtyard, Sultanate (苏丹) royal guards dressed in batik cloth and with kris daggers at their waists stand serenely, continuing centuries of posture and etiquette. Outside the palace, vendors, pedicabs, and horse-drawn carriages bustle about, contrasting with the ancient and serene palace walls.
"Yogyakarta (日惹)" originates from Sanskrit, meaning "suitable" and "prosperous," symbolizing the harmonious blending of city and nature, tradition and modernity. Yogyakarta (日惹) is one of the oldest cities on Java Island (爪哇岛) and the birthplace of Javanese culture. Javanese culture is one of Indonesia's most representative and inclusive cultural systems, with its core being etiquette, respect, and harmony. Rooted in reverence for nature and ancestors, it has continuously absorbed foreign cultural nutrients throughout history, integrating Buddhism, Islam, and Western thought and modern concepts, nurturing the spiritual foundation of today's Javanese culture.
"This place is like an ancient city with frozen time, and also like a source of civilization that is being reborn," local young artist Edi Praginanto (艾迪·里根) described Yogyakarta (日惹) in his heart to me. He likes to carry his camera around to pursue the urban pulse of Yogyakarta (日惹): the mottled and old patterns on the street lamps, the masks in the festive ceremonies, the old railings of the wooden benches, the old-fashioned wooden windows of the cafes... "These are the historical atmosphere of Yogyakarta (日惹), the soul of Yogyakarta (日惹)."
Most of Yogyakarta's (日惹) history is condensed on a north-south central axis—the Yogyakarta (日惹) Cosmic Axis. In the 18th century, the first king of the Yogyakarta Sultanate (日惹苏丹国) planned this axis, which is about 6 kilometers long, between Mount Merapi (默拉皮火山) (see photo, Cao Shiyun (曹师韵) photo) and the Indian Ocean, with the Royal Palace (王宫) as the core, extending north to the Yogyakarta Monument (日惹纪念碑) and south to the Krapyak Deer Park (克拉皮克鹿台). For hundreds of years, the city's life and stories have mostly been woven and unfolded around this axis. Today, the historical buildings along the axis, such as the Royal Palace (王宫), Water Palace (水宫), squares, and traditional markets, are not isolated and protected, but naturally integrated with daily life. Walking among them, one often does not realize that what one has just passed is a period of time that has stood silently for centuries.
The spatial pattern of this central axis, as well as the ancestral rituals, coronations, and funerals that have been followed to this day, carry the Javanese people's thinking about the universe, life, and faith. The extension of the axis from the midpoint to the north symbolizes life from birth to maturity, and the extension to the south symbolizes the end of life returning to nature. The Royal Palace (王宫) at the midpoint represents the core connection between people and heaven and earth. Walking along the axis, one can feel the natural formation of the universe and experience the complete cycle of life. The integration of people and nature embodies the Javanese philosophy of life that pursues harmony, reveres nature, and respects the cycle of life. In 2023, the "Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta and its Historic Landmarks" was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Malioboro Street (马里奥波罗大街), located on the north side of the central axis, is the most lively district in Yogyakarta (日惹). As night falls, the crisp sounds of gamelan music played by percussion instruments attract pedestrians to stop and sing along; the antique convertible horse-drawn carriages imitating the medieval style—Andong carriages (安东马车)—are gorgeously styled, and the sound of horseshoes hitting the ground can be heard as they pass by tourists; on both sides of the street, brightly colored shops are scattered in an orderly manner, and sculptures by local artists are interspersed among them, interweaving with the aroma of snack stalls to form a lively Javanese life scene.
On the streets of Yogyakarta (日惹), batik and wayang kulit, which have been listed as intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO, can be seen everywhere. In a wayang kulit shop, I met the shop owner, Suyono (苏约诺). The small shop displays leather crafts such as bookmarks, wayang kulit, and large hanging paintings and screens. Suyono (苏约诺) said: "Many foreign tourists contact me in advance through social media and come from abroad specifically to learn wayang kulit making. I also regularly send my works overseas as agreed."
The ancient and rich cultural accumulation endows Yogyakarta (日惹) with a calm and gentle urban atmosphere, and also shapes the local people's warm and simple character. Sitting in a cafe filled with traditional decorations, I saw people taking pictures on the street corner: an Indonesian girl wearing an academic dress, and relatives and friends wearing batik costumes of uniform color and different styles, smiling and embracing in front of the camera, freezing the joy of graduation. A local friend, Amy (艾米), said: "We like our culture very much. We usually wear batik, and we prefer to wear batik to celebrate on important occasions." Before she finished speaking, two young people passed by, greeted me in Chinese first, and then shyly raised their mobile phones to ask if they could take a photo together. At the moment the shutter was pressed, their shyness turned into bright smiles, sparkling with the kindness and joy of the people of Yogyakarta (日惹).
In Yogyakarta (日惹), tradition and modernity, ritual and daily life coexist and intertwine, exuding a unique cultural charm. This city demonstrates a possibility: only by embracing tradition and integrating and coexisting with it can it be rejuvenated with new vitality.
Return to TopBy: 戎章榕
The Mara River is one of the most attractive places in the Maasai Mara (马赛马拉) in Kenya (肯尼亚). Every year during the Great Migration of East African animals, the animals mainly shuttle between the Maasai Mara (马赛马拉) grassland and the Serengeti (塞伦盖蒂) grassland in Tanzania (坦桑尼亚), and the Mara River (马拉河), which crosses the border between the two countries, is a must-pass.
Hiking along the riverbank, we found that the Mara River (马拉河) channel is not wide and the water flow is not rapid. How can a thrilling animal migration be staged? The guide informed us that it is now the dry season. During the rainy season from March to June each year, the river water rises sharply, and the water volume can reach more than twice the usual level. Even if the water volume rises again, the narrowest part of the river channel is only 20 meters. This is not a long distance for animals that are good at running on the grassland. Why is the "Mara River Crossing" called the "Crossing to Paradise"?
The guide smiled and replied: Because the Mara River (马拉河) is the territory of crocodiles and hippos. More than 4,000 hippos and thousands of African crocodiles live in this river. The answer was light, but the listeners felt a chill down their spines.
As we hiked deeper, we occasionally found hippos playing in the river and crocodiles lurking and camouflaged on the shore. Shh, we didn't dare to speak loudly, for fear of disturbing them.
Standing on the bank, the exposed beach stones and dry riverbed were completely visible. There are 12 fords distributed on the Mara River (马拉河), which is about 400 kilometers long. The so-called ford is actually a place where wildebeest choose to cross the river easily. In large-scale migrations, the old, weak, sick and disabled need to be taken into account, and shallow water areas should be chosen to cross the river in order to minimize the risk of crossing the river for a family. So we always see the leading wildebeest standing by the river, cautiously observing the river water, hesitating whether to take that crucial step of life and death. This is a contest between survival and death, an epic of life and reproduction.
In the Great Migration, the biggest obstacle is not the consumption of physical strength. Even if the rapids surge, the wildebeest can swim to the other side, but don't ignore the crocodiles waiting in the river and the grumpy hippos. Hippos have a strong sense of territoriality. Their huge bodies are half-submerged in the water, only showing their huge heads and round eyes, and they open their bloody mouths from time to time, making a low roar, as if declaring their sovereignty over the river. When millions of wildebeest, zebras, and antelopes pass by here, how can they give up? Where exactly does the "Crossing to Paradise" lead? Is it a grassland with rain-fed pasture, or an abyss of eternal doom? This depends not only on the physical fitness of the migrating animals, but also on some luck.
Thinking of this, the turbid river water in front of me seemed to be blood red, and my ears seemed to be intertwined with the sound of rushing water, the sound of clattering hooves, the noisy sound of wind, the chaotic hissing, and the wailing of animals after being attacked... The winding Mara River (马拉河) is like a blood vessel on the East African savanna, witnessing every life struggling for survival, and each of their struggles and endeavors interprets the tenacity and greatness of life.
As the sun set, the afterglow sprinkled on the Mara River (马拉河), our hike ended, but the experience of life continued. The Mara River (马拉河) is not only a river, but also the most vivid classroom of nature. Here, I felt the fragility and tenacity of life, and experienced the cruelty and warmth of nature.
Return to TopBy: 王佳可
Pushkin and Chekhov are two insurmountable peaks when it comes to Russian literature. In late summer and early autumn, the Russian Vakhtangov Theater brought the dramas "Eugene Onegin" and "Uncle Vanya" to participate in the "Pauline Theater Russian Classical Literature Drama Performance Season," showcasing the profound and rich spiritual world and the deeply hidden life scenes of the Russian people on the Beijing (北京) drama stage.
Looking back at the trajectory of interaction and exchange between Chinese drama and the world in the past 10 years, Lithuanian director Rimas Tuminas, who passed away last year, is like a beacon, attracting the attention of Chinese drama practitioners and audiences with the poetic brilliance of drama, the condensed fantasy of reality, and the unremitting pursuit of beauty. Whether it was his opening drama "Eugene Onegin" that amazed the Wuzhen Theater Festival in 2017, or the classic work "Faust" re-arranged in 2024 in cooperation with Chinese drama practitioners, they are all footprints of Chinese drama gradually moving towards the hall of world drama art. As the closing work of the performance season, "Uncle Vanya" is a representative work of Tuminas that won the Russian drama's highest award, the "Golden Mask Award" in 2009. This is its first visit to China, which also highlights the great attraction of the Chinese stage to Russian drama practitioners.
"Uncle Vanya" is Chekhov's famous drama, which fully embodies his creative concept: "On the stage, everything must be as complicated as in life, and at the same time so simple. People eat, just eat, but at this time their happiness is formed, or their lives are ruined." Chekhov's works often have a flat atmosphere, but they are full of undercurrents. He rarely depicts the definite character and clear thoughts of characters, but instead uses equal dialogue of different voices, interweaving and infiltration of multiple emotions, and blending of tragic and happy elements. So, how to reveal the decisive significance of a seemingly ordinary moment on fate in the performance? How to externalize the complex emotions that are difficult to express into stage images and auditory language? Tuminas' stage is like a developing machine, applying dramatic visual expression to these metaphysical or hidden abstract contents, and it seems that even the writer's own hidden thoughts are nowhere to be seen.
As the curtain rises, a huge and wide wooden porch stands on the stage, with a solemn lion statue in the background and a dim yellow moon hanging above. Tuminas rejected the secularized Russian manor scene - wicker chairs, swings, tea, and co-created a mysterious and lonely space with Adomas Yazovskis, a stage designer who has worked with him for many years. Such emptiness seems like Vanya's emptiness after the disillusionment of his worship of his brother-in-law, Professor Serebryakov, and also symbolizes the universal dilemma of human beings deeply trapped in spiritual crisis and loss of meaning in life.
In the second act, Yelena's wish to play the piano is rejected by her husband, Serebryakov. She and Sonya sit in front of the dusty piano, their fingers slamming heavily on the keys. Sonya turns her head to look at the audience, Yelena raises her hand and presses hard on the piano lid, the piano sound is "muted", and the two are frozen. Through this series of designs, Tuminas perfectly conveys Chekhov's intention, which not only expresses Sonya and Yelena's desire for happiness and freedom, but also laments the suppression of their beautiful wishes.
If there is a work that has deeply influenced the spiritual world of the Russian people, "Eugene Onegin" must be among them. This poem novel created by Pushkin tells the love story between the rural girl Tatyana and the St. Petersburg (彼得堡) aristocrat Onegin, which also contains the poet's response to world culture, his thinking on Western philosophy, and his vision of the fate of Russia, and was once called by Belinsky as an "encyclopedia of Russian life."
Perhaps it is because of this all-encompassing profundity that there are few successful examples of "Eugene Onegin" on the stage, except for Tchaikovsky's opera of the same name. However, in 2013, Tuminas created a dramatic masterpiece that is extremely poetic and imaginative, and profoundly presents the spiritual life of Russia. The perspective of foreigners happens to provide him with a method of interpreting foreign classics - "distanciation," that is, approaching from a distance through external observation, and discovering new structures and new connotations of the text with poetic contemplation. In Tuminas's view, "distanciation" does not mean "deformation" or "separation." He once said that directing works in a way that "deviates from drama" or "opposes drama" means that the director is superior to writers such as Shakespeare, Gogol, and Chekhov, which is actually not the case.
Thus, we hear that the beautiful verses under Pushkin's pen seem to have just been written yesterday. The actors' recitation allows the verses to flow naturally, accurately restoring the poet's light and satirical, gentle and gloomy poetic tone. We see Tatyana, stirred by love, dragging an iron bed and running wildly on the stage, shouting "I'm in love" - this may be the most romantic and thrilling artistic interpretation of the ancient proposition of a girl's spring heart.
When Tatyana marries the old general, she and six girls sit on a metal swing and "fly" into the air above the stage. Their faces are sad, their white skirts flutter in the wind, and their figures are reflected in the huge mirror covering the entire back of the stage, making it impossible not to think of Goethe's famous saying: "The eternal feminine leads us to ascend." However, flying also means that they bid farewell to love in the wedding: they were taken to the capital by their parents, arranged for marriage, and everyone married her "old general."
This is "fantasy realism" from Russian drama director Vakhtangov, which was carried forward by Tuminas. Vakhtangov once described it this way: Fantasy realism is "shedding real tears and letting the audience see it in a dramatic way." This is a freehand realism, which transforms the life of the characters to be expressed into the actions and language of the actors on the stage through artistic imagination, and allows the audience to feel the charm of theater performance through the creation of beauty.
In Tuminas's "Uncle Vanya" and "Eugene Onegin", the audience can truly feel what is meant by "real tears". It reflects the sublimity and poetry of drama originating from reality and higher than reality, and that dramatic art is a home and a shore for placing and purifying the soul.
Return to TopElectronic Mailbox: rmrbgjfk@peopledaily.cn
Layout Design: Cai Huawei (蔡华伟)
Return to TopIn recent days, the 2026 Spring/Summer Shanghai Fashion Week, co-organized by Orient International (Holding) Co., Ltd. (东方国际（集团）有限公司), was presented with the theme of "Breaking Boundaries and Redefining." This season's fashion week broke through the boundaries of the show venue, injecting fashion vitality into the urban fabric. From the historical district of Puxi (浦西) to the modern landmarks of Pudong (浦东), a stylish journey through the urban context of "One River and One Creek" (Huangpu River (黄浦江) and Suzhou Creek (苏州河)) slowly unfolded, vividly interpreting Shanghai's unique charm as an international consumer center and fashion capital. It also showcased Shanghai's systematic exploration in brand gradient construction, value enhancement, and overseas development.
History Landmarks Radiate Fashionable Charm
Xintiandi (新天地) is an important landmark and source of popular culture in Shanghai (上海), and it also carries the profound accumulation of the Shanghai Fashion Week's main show venue for 14 years. Xintiandi (新天地) has grown together with the Shanghai Fashion Week, continuously promoting the incubation of Shanghai fashion brands and the innovation of consumption scenarios. This season's Xintiandi (新天地) show venue was upgraded with the concept of "Rubik's Cube," deepening the concept of a sustainable show venue. The material recycling rate remained above 90%, and a multi-dimensional space for day and night switching was created through modular structure and dynamic visual system, realizing an experience upgrade from "watching the show" to "entering the show." From October 9th to 16th, the Xintiandi (新天地) show venue welcomed the debut of more than 4,000 new apparel products. From October 18th to 19th, the Xintiandi (新天地) Autumn/Winter Fashion Season was launched simultaneously, bringing together brands in the region to present nearly 10 "see-now-buy-now shows," strongly activating the debut economy.
Winding along the urban context, Suzhou Creek (苏州河) is quietly completing its transformation from an industrial artery to a creative corridor. On the banks of Suzhou Creek (苏州河), the Labelhood Pioneer Fashion and Art Festival welcomed its 20th season, gathering pioneer designer brands such as FORDARE, CAMEY LIU, OUDE WAAG, and SHUSHU/TONG at the Suhe Hub and OCT Suhe Bay, showcasing the new force of Chinese design. The 2025 YOUTOPIA Grand Ceremony also held the fashion unit final at the Labelhood Pioneer Fashion and Art Festival show venue. This season's Labelhood Pioneer Fashion and Art Festival also joined hands with the international publication "A Magazine Curated By" to present a digital special exhibition and selected works by more than 20 Chinese designers. In addition, the Oriental New Chinese Style Show was held at the Shanghai History Museum (上海市历史博物馆).
Emerging Spaces Broaden Industry Boundaries
Based on the historical and cultural context, the vitality of the new season's fashion week is also being released in emerging spaces. Starting from October 9th, the 2026 Spring/Summer MODE Shanghai Apparel and Accessories Exhibition was held in the Hongqiao United Building (虹桥联合大厦) in Changning District (长宁区), gathering global design brands, strengthening the important carrier function of Asia's largest ordering season, and building a platform for brands to go overseas and internationalize their layout. The M SPACE opening forum was held at the same time. The participating guests shared how to enhance brand resilience through cultural accumulation and promote brands from local to global, providing ideas for high-quality brand development, focusing on "Long-termism." Ontimeshow 2026 Spring/Summer Ordering Fair was held for the first time at the West Bund Art Center (西岸国际会展中心) on October 9th, bringing together more than 160 domestic and foreign brands and multi-field cooperation projects to jointly open a cross-border aesthetic dialogue. Afterwards, the Scent Shanghai 2025 Autumn Exhibition took over, bringing together more than 200 fragrance brands from more than 20 countries and regions. TUBE SHOWROOM, not SHOWROOM, TUDOO SHOWROOM, LAB SHOWROOM, BLOOMING SHOWROOM, and THE COOL HUNTER SHOWROOM and other SHOWROOMs also landed in trendy landmarks in the central urban area during the Fashion Week.
On October 14th, the theme forum "WEAVE TOGETHER Cultural Fabrics: The Transformation of Tradition" was held at the GATE M Plaza Exhibition Hall of the West Bund Dream Center (西岸梦中心), discussing the contemporary integration and innovation of intangible cultural heritage weaving techniques and oriental aesthetics. In Pudong (浦东), the Shanghai Fashion Week GLAM Featured Fashion Release, themed "The Metamorphic New Realm," debuted at the Qiantan 31 (前滩31), bringing together high-end custom-made wedding dresses and new Chinese-style clothing brands from home and abroad. The Malaysian high-end custom-made brand IVAN YONG COUTURE was in charge of the opening.
Beautifying Blocks to Create Immersive Experiences
Yongyuan Road (永源路), located at the western end of West Nanjing Road (南京西路) in Jing'an District (静安区), is a small road only 500 meters long but carrying the memory of an ancient well from the Southern Song Dynasty. It welcomed a special fashion event - this season's Shanghai Fashion Weekend was held here from October 11th to 26th. With the support of the Yongyuan Road (永源路) block, THE MARKETPLACE brought together many domestic and foreign brands and creative people, with the theme of "Brand New Old Times," creating an immersive experience that integrates fashion, community, and public welfare elements. A FOREVER 21 pop-up store as high as 6 meters was set up on the open lawn of Yongyuan Road (永源路), and a "Yongyuan Picnic" was held. The "Love Hope Rabbit" art installation was set up in the sunken plaza, and public welfare sales and environmental protection show activities were held at the same time. The first floor of Building C brings together brands such as ATTEMPT and Sagrada Madre, opening the "see-now-buy-now" experience; the second floor forum space held many fashion dialogues, including the first joint discussion with Xiaoyuzhou APP on topics such as "How to Preset Life Choices with Daily Wear." USM modular furniture, Xixingle porcelain, and CAF KITSUN jointly created a fashion community and activated the vitality of the block.
During the Fashion Week, many brand and industry activities brought rich voices - Le Fame held a brand 10th anniversary release and exhibition, the Shanyi 2025 "Fashion Restart" forum, the SFDA Creative Talent Program Ceremony, etc. In terms of international cooperation, Harrods continued to support Chinese design power at the Harrods Tea Room with the theme of "London to Shanghai: A Tale of Two Fashion Cities"; the 2025 Mercedes-Benz Limited Art Exhibition was held at Bund Origin No. 1 (外滩源壹号), exploring creative integration with artists in diverse fields; Visa joined hands with designer brand ili node to present a unique stage performance at the Xintiandi (新天地) show venue; Kering Group held the fourth Kering China Sustainable Innovation Pioneer Awards Ceremony at the Pudong Museum of Art (浦东美术馆), focusing on water resource issues and accelerating the sustainable innovation of China's fashion and beauty industry... Although fashion events only last for a few days, they inject continuous momentum into the city. When the light and shadow of the runway are projected on century-old buildings, when industry reflections resonate in creative spaces, and when flash retail activates quiet street corners, the city itself becomes a flowing giant show venue. This is not only a city-wide event, but also a vivid testimony to the mutual nourishment of Shanghai's brand building and urban renewal.
New Chinese Style Exhibition Explores New Ideas for Oriental Aesthetics to Go Overseas
From October 13th to 15th, the Shanghai Fashion Week Oriental New Chinese Style 2025 Autumn Show event with the theme of "The East is Coming, Extraordinary in Every Detail" was held at the Shanghai History Museum (上海市历史博物馆). The theme of this show revolves around the innovative integration of "Cultural Expo + Fashion," bringing together three major sections: show, exhibition, and forum.
During the 3-day show event, a total of 5 brand release shows were held: Su Xiaoqiao (苏小乔), Zhong Yuansu (中元素), Yijia (衣架), Zhuang Rong (庄容), and Xiong Ying·Gaia Legend (熊英·盖娅传说), five major brands displayed hundreds of exquisite and distinctive new Chinese-style clothing. Among them, Yijia (衣架), a brand with a strong Shanghai style, brought the 2026 Spring/Summer "Flower Smoke New Charm" new Chinese-style fashion release, embroidering fireworks and flower shadows on plain clothes, and embellishing the fireworks embroidery with small crystal nail beads, showing the innovative development of new Chinese-style clothing.
The 5th New Chinese Style Brand Industry Development Forum, held simultaneously, was themed "Renewing Chinese Style and Going Overseas with High Spirits," triggering in-depth thinking from experts and scholars in the fields of fashion, finance, business, culture, and international communication, and jointly exploring how all walks of life can take "New Chinese Style" as inspiration to go to the world. The experts attending the meeting believed that the "Chinese" in the New Chinese Style culture contains the oriental wisdom of "**执中守正** (zhí zhōng shǒu zhèng - "hold the middle and maintain uprightness," to adhere to principles and be impartial) and **与时俱进** (yǔ shí jù jìn - "advance with the times," keep pace with the times)," while "New" means innovation and rebirth in inheritance.
At the same time, the Shangjie New Chinese Style Flagship Store located at 508 Jiashan Road (嘉善路) in Shanghai (上海) formed an in-depth industrial linkage with the Oriental New Chinese Style Show, realizing a complete closed loop of new Chinese-style clothing from show creativity to commercial landing. The release show leads the design trend, while the flagship store builds an immersive consumption scenario. The two jointly promote the upgrading of the new Chinese-style design concept to industrialization and marketization, injecting new momentum into the deep integration of traditional culture and modern life.
Data source: Orient International (Holding) Co., Ltd. (东方国际（集团）有限公司)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李建广 施 芳
In Xicheng District (西城区), Beijing (北京市), in the Chunshu Subdistrict (椿树街道), there is a north-south alley called Hongxian Hutong (红线胡同). Although not long, the alley houses a regional elderly care service center, a community elderly care service station, and a childcare center.
At the southern entrance of the alley, the morning sun shines into the Chunshu Subdistrict Elderly Care Service Center (椿树街道养老服务中心), where 83-year-old Grandpa Kang (康大爷) and other elderly residents are having breakfast. "The house used to be crowded, and it was inconvenient to take care of him in all aspects. Look! My dad is in such good spirits now, and his health is also strong," said Grandpa Kang's son.
Walking along the alley, Mr. Ni (倪先生), a citizen, pushes a stroller, having just dropped off his two-and-a-half-year-old daughter at the Xiaoxiao Chun Ya Nursery (小小椿芽托育园). "It's close to home, the price is affordable, and the courtyard environment is good. Worry-free!" said Mr. Ni.
"One old and one young" is the main concern of most families. Providing for the elderly and nurturing the young is a warm footnote to the people's city. In recent years, Beijing (北京) has combined high-quality population development with people's livelihood work, focusing on "one old and one young," and making efforts to improve people's well-being.
Increasing supply—
Embedding elderly care and childcare services in communities
"Sweet and sour pork, shiitake mushrooms with vegetables, tomato basa fish, and a purple sweet potato flower bun..." Chen Shujun (陈淑君), who is over eighty years old, is a "regular" at the Zizhuyuan Subdistrict Elderly Care Service Center (紫竹院街道养老服务中心) in Haidian District (海淀区).
Chen Shujun's (陈淑君) children are usually busy with work, and the elderly woman's three meals a day were their biggest headache in the past. In January of last year, Beijing's (北京) first regional (subdistrict) elderly care service center—the Zizhuyuan Subdistrict Elderly Care Service Center (紫竹院街道养老服务中心)—opened, solving a family worry. "The taste is good, the portions are sufficient and hygienic, and I can eat hot meals at my doorstep. The children are relieved, and I am worry-free!" said Chen Shujun (陈淑君).
In recent years, Beijing (北京) has continued to improve the supply of inclusive elderly care services, and 105 regional elderly care service centers have been built in 2024. "In the future, we will continue to build regional elderly care service centers in subdistricts and towns with high aging rates and dense 'older elderly' populations, striving to achieve 'where the older elderly are, the facility supply is there, and the service follows.'" said the relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau (北京市民政局).
"One old and one young" are permanent residents of the community. To deliver "one old and one young" services to their doorsteps, Beijing (北京) supports embedding functional facilities and adaptive services in community (residential area) public spaces.
"I heard that our subdistrict has childcare services, which are close to home and convenient for pick-up and drop-off, so I quickly sent my child here," said Ms. Lin (林女士), who lives in the Liuliqiao Subdistrict (六里桥街道) of Fengtai District (丰台区), when talking about her decision to send her child to childcare.
How to embed childcare centers in subdistricts and communities? The nursery that Ms. Lin (林女士) mentioned is Beijing's (北京市) first subdistrict "nursery"—the Beijing Community Children's Center (北京市社区儿童中心). The venue is provided free of charge by the subdistrict, and the childcare service is handed over to a third-party operating organization, making professional childcare services more convenient and accessible. "In addition to providing full-day and half-day childcare classes, we also provide 'hourly care' services to help parents who have temporary needs," said caregiver Wang Shuo (王硕).
In order to effectively increase the supply of childcare places, Beijing (北京) has broadened its thinking and enriched childcare models. "We take kindergartens running childcare as the main channel, communities and childcare institutions running childcare as an important support, and units running childcare as an effective supplement, and constantly optimize the supply structure of childcare services to meet the diversified childcare needs of 'small children'," said the relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission (北京市教委).
Breaking the problem—
Promoting inclusive childcare pilots and issuing subsidies for age-friendly renovations
Speaking of childcare, Mr. Zhao (赵先生), whose child is in the Yaduo Nursery (芽朵托育) in Xicheng District (西城区), gave reporters an account: "When my eldest child was sent to childcare, it cost 6,600 yuan per month. Now that we have encountered the transition to inclusiveness, the second child only costs 3,600 yuan per month, which is a real bargain!"
"After the transition to inclusiveness, there are obviously more parents who come to consult and send their children to childcare, and our operating income is more stable and guaranteed," said Teng Mingshen (滕明申), the head of Yaduo Nursery (芽朵托育), who also gave an account.
These two accounts allow more families and childcare institutions to benefit and bring a full sense of gain. After Beijing's (北京) childcare institutions and kindergartens transition to inclusiveness, the fees have decreased, which has alleviated the pressure on many families.
To reduce costs and promote inclusiveness, Beijing (北京) has also launched a set of policy "combination punches": including childcare institutions' water, electricity, and heat into residential prices, providing insurance support for inclusive childcare institutions... Since the launch of the inclusive childcare pilot program two years ago, Beijing's (北京) inclusive childcare places have reached 35,000. "Next, we will further optimize the support policies for inclusive childcare services to promote controllable costs and acceptable prices for inclusive childcare services," said the relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission (北京市教委).
For elderly people who live at home, the biggest concern is falling due to home environment factors such as no handrails, thresholds, and non-slip floors. How to solve this problem with age-friendly renovations? Beijing (北京) provides answers around the home scenarios of the elderly.
"Come, come in and have a look." In the No. 6 Courtyard of Baiguang Road (白广路6号院) in Xicheng District (西城区), the elderly Jin Wencui (靳文翠) led reporters into her home after the age-friendly renovation. "The height of the toilet is just right, and it is not difficult to get up with the handle installed. The steps outside the toilet have been changed to a gentle slope, which makes it easier for me to move around, and my daughter is also much more worry-free." The elderly woman has poor leg joints and used to walk carefully at home. In July 2022, after learning that the Niujie Subdistrict (牛街街道) was organizing age-friendly renovations, the elderly woman immediately signed up. The total cost of the three renovation projects was 5,883 yuan, with the individual paying 2,941.5 yuan, and the rest was subsidized by the government.
In addition, Beijing (北京) provides home age-friendly renovation subsidies to eligible elderly people with economic difficulties to carry out renovations, striving to achieve "willing to change as much as possible."
Excellent service—
Ensuring safety and peace of mind in terms of systems, facilities, and personnel
Walking into the Baizhifang Subdistrict Elderly Care Service Center (白纸坊街道养老服务中心) in Xicheng District (西城区), you can see a smart care terminal placed next to each bed. The staff picks up the elderly person's ID card and swipes it, and personal information and care plans are immediately displayed on the screen. According to the set care plan, the nursing staff feeds and cleans the elderly... After the service is completed, they "check in," and the system automatically generates and records the entire process. "Through smart devices, we can get timely information about the elderly's care in the elderly care institution, which makes us feel particularly at ease," said a family member of an elderly person.
At present, Beijing (北京) has deployed 12,000 smart care terminals in more than 500 elderly care institutions in the city, basically covering the care of disabled elderly people in elderly care institutions.
Technological innovation is also inseparable from policy support. Beijing (北京) continues to strengthen supervision and ensures the quality of elderly care and childcare services with high standards.
"Parents are most concerned about the personal safety and food safety of their children, and then the quality of childcare," said Li Junnan (李骏楠), the director of Xiaoxiao Chun Ya Nursery (小小椿芽托育园).
"Affordable" also means "worry-free." In terms of safety, the Beijing Municipal Health Commission (北京市卫生健康委) and other departments jointly issued the "Beijing Childcare Institution Comprehensive Supervision Implementation Plan (Trial)" (《北京市托育机构综合监管实施方案（试行）》), which established a cross-departmental comprehensive supervision system; in terms of quality, the "Infant and Toddler Childcare Institution Service Specifications" (《婴幼儿托育机构服务规范》) was issued, which put forward requirements in four aspects: system requirements, personnel and equipment, safety, and hygiene and health.
Safety and peace of mind are also inseparable from high-quality practitioners. Since 2020, Beijing (北京) has trained more than 10,000 people, including heads of childcare institutions, childcare teachers, and caregivers, and strengthened talent construction through the "three major projects" of increasing the quantity, improving the quality, and retaining people.
"We have initially established a comprehensive supervision system of 'four in one' of institutional self-examination, industry self-discipline, government supervision, and social supervision, and will focus on continuously strengthening supervision on risk links such as institutional access, personnel qualifications, health care, and safety production," said the relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission (北京市教委).
Return to TopBy: 李君强
To prevent "minor modifications" from becoming "major hazards," governance requires a multi-pronged approach. It is necessary to improve institutional norms, strengthen source supervision, and not neglect soft guidance and infrastructure guarantees.
"The lights of these electric bikes are brighter than the high beams of cars, it's too dazzling!" "Is it necessary for electric bikes to have such bright lights? It took a long time for my eyes to recover." Recently, many people have complained on social media that some electric bicycles are privately modified and equipped with high-intensity lights, which are so dazzling that people have to avoid looking at them. Seemingly insignificant "minor modifications" are becoming "major hazards" affecting traffic safety.
On the surface, modifying high-intensity lights allows riders to "see further," but in reality, it increases risks. Ultra-bright lights can easily cause drivers and pedestrians in the opposite direction to experience visual blanks lasting from a few seconds to tens of seconds, making it difficult to see the road conditions ahead and making accurate judgments about safe distances, directions, and speeds, which can easily lead to accidents. The elderly or people with eye diseases recover more slowly after being stimulated by strong light, and may even cause eye damage.
Even more alarming is that these high-intensity lights themselves also contain hidden risks. A survey by the Road Traffic Safety Research Center of the Ministry of Public Security (公安部道路交通安全研究中心) shows that many products on the market lack quality assurance, "bought and installed, installed and lit," but the circuit design, beam control, waterproof and dustproof performance are not up to standard, and it is easy to have short circuits, spontaneous combustion and other situations. In addition, some car owners' modification methods are rough - some are simply fixed with screws, or even pasted with Velcro. Long-term driving is not conducive to the safety of the vehicle body. It seems convenient for a while, but it actually harms others and oneself.
Why is the phenomenon of private modification of high-intensity lights repeatedly prohibited but not stopped? In the minds of many car owners, some road lighting conditions are insufficient, and nighttime visibility is limited. Originally, within the prescribed speed limit, the original factory headlights can meet the lighting needs, but some car owners speed on the road, trying to enhance lighting through modification, ignoring the risks involved. In addition, there are many channels for electric bicycle modification and the price is low, and car owners can easily complete the modification in sales stores or repair shops. Online tutorials are readily available, which also lowers the threshold for hands-on work, and many car owners can complete simple modifications themselves. What is reflected behind this is not only the侥幸心理 侥幸心理 (jiǎo xìng xīn lǐ - "lucky mentality," a mentality of hoping for good luck or avoiding negative consequences by chance) of individual car owners, but also loopholes in the supervision link.
In fact, the "Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" (中华人民共和国道路交通安全法) clearly stipulates that drivers of non-motor vehicles should comply with relevant traffic safety regulations when driving on roads. However, in reality, electric bicycles have a large ownership and wide distribution, and the enforcement force is limited; the cost of violation is low, making it difficult to form a deterrent; relevant laws and regulations are relatively vague, and there are no mandatory standards for the technical indicators of electric bicycle lights, relying on the normative documents issued by various places... All these factors make it difficult for supervision to be implemented in detail.
In recent years, in response to the chaos of private modification of high-intensity lights on electric bicycles, many places have introduced detailed rules, such as the "Shanghai Non-Motor Vehicle Safety Management Regulations" (上海市非机动车安全管理条例), which stipulates that it is forbidden to sell or drive assembled, added, or modified non-motor vehicles; the "Nanchang Electric Bicycle Management Regulations" (南昌市电动自行车管理条例) also clearly states that it is not allowed to install high-decibel horn stereos or high-intensity lighting lights on electric bicycles that affect traffic safety. Traffic management departments in Beijing (北京), Shanghai (上海) and other places have carried out night inspections, focusing on investigating the addition and modification of lights on electric bicycles, strengthening the investigation and punishment, and ordering on-site demolition after discovery.
To prevent "minor modifications" from becoming "major hazards," governance requires a multi-pronged approach. On the one hand, improve institutional norms, clarify standards at the national level, refine the technical indicators of electric bicycle lights, and formulate normative documents according to the actual situation in various places to constrain modification behavior, so that traffic management departments have rules to follow in law enforcement; at the same time, strengthen source supervision, starting from distributors, repair shops, e-commerce platforms, etc., the market supervision department and the traffic management department cooperate to investigate both the road surface and the channels, and punish illegal business entities in accordance with the law to block the circulation channels for private modification. On the other hand, soft guidance and infrastructure guarantees cannot be ignored. Popularize the common sense that "strong light does not equal safety" to make more car owners aware of the dangers of privately modifying car lights; focus on "lighting blind spots" and make up for the shortcomings of road lighting to ensure nighttime visibility of urban and rural roads.
The governance of high-intensity lights on electric bicycles is related to the travel safety of thousands of households. Traffic safety is not about who has brighter lights, but about traffic participants jointly abiding by rules and maintaining order. With modification having restricted areas, law enforcement having standards, and concepts having changes, nighttime roads can be bright without being dazzling, adding a sense of security to urban traffic.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 常碧罗
"Ding!" A vaccine appointment reminder was pushed to the phone of Tao Ting (陶婷), a resident of Changshou District (长寿区), Chongqing (重庆).
"Thanks to this reminder, it's time for my baby to get vaccinated again." Tao Ting (陶婷) opened the "Chongqing CDC (重庆疾控)" WeChat official account, clicked on the "Vaccination" section, and booked a vaccine appointment at the Bakê (八颗) Sub-district Community Health Service Center in Changshou District (长寿区).
Behind the smart reminder is the precise push of Chongqing's (重庆) digital immunization program information system. At the Bakê (八颗) Sub-district Community Health Service Center, Tian Xuemei (田雪梅), a vaccination worker, logs into the system every day to push vaccine appointment information to people in the area based on system alerts.
"The system shows that some children's vaccinations are overdue. In addition to sending them information, we also call to urge them to get vaccinated," Tian Xuemei (田雪梅) told reporters.
In recent years, Chongqing (重庆) has continued to optimize vaccination services, making full use of information technology to achieve smart vaccination reminders, electronic signing of informed consent forms, and double verification of vaccination information, realizing the entire process of vaccination informatization, improving service efficiency, and at the same time, carrying out timely catch-up vaccinations to improve and consolidate vaccination rates. In the past three years, the vaccination rate of children's immunization program vaccines in Chongqing (重庆) has remained above 98%.
During this visit to the community health service center for vaccination, Tao Ting (陶婷) also chose a non-immunization program vaccine for her baby - the rotavirus vaccine. "The next polio vaccine is a multi-dose vaccine and needs to be administered at a specific time. We will remind you through the system," the staff told Tao Ting (陶婷).
With digital empowerment, Chongqing (重庆) has built more than 900 digital vaccination clinics, with citizens able to make appointments, get numbers, register, get vaccinated, and observe the entire process through information management, improving vaccination efficiency.
Is it convenient for people in remote areas to get vaccinated? In the Bakê (八颗) Sub-district, there is a large rural population, and the 5th of each month is when villagers go to the town for the market. "In order to improve the vaccination rate, we have opened a special vaccination session for villagers on the 5th, 15th, and 25th of each month to facilitate villagers' vaccination," said Wen Jinjin (文津津), director of the Bakê (八颗) Sub-district Community Health Service Center.
In response to the needs of "office workers" and "students," Changshou District (长寿区) has launched extended service hours and holiday vaccinations.
Not long ago, Bakê (八颗) Sub-district held a special human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination event on the weekend. "At first, I was worried that I would have to ask for leave to get vaccinated. I didn't expect it to be so convenient. I made an appointment online and could come to get the HPV vaccine on the weekend," Xiao Qi (小琪), a junior high school student at Bakê (八颗) Nine-Year School, told reporters. After the school informed everyone that they could get the HPV vaccine, her parents booked a vaccination time for her online.
In order to build an immune barrier against HPV virus for women of the right age, since 2022, the Chongqing (重庆) Municipal Government has launched vaccine subsidies and continued to implement the HPV vaccination project for junior high school girls, benefiting more than 300,000 girls.
In response to the difficulty in vaccinating and assessing children with special health conditions, Chongqing (重庆) has implemented a three-level referral mechanism. At the same time, it has jointly formulated the "Sichuan-Chongqing Expert Consensus on Preventive Vaccination for Children with Special Health Conditions" with Sichuan Province (四川省) to strengthen the training and guidance of vaccination personnel and ensure that preventive vaccination assessment and disposal are professional and standardized. In the past three years, Chongqing (重庆) has conducted safety assessments of preventive vaccination for more than 7,000 children with special health conditions, providing preventive vaccination services for 40% of them, effectively protecting the right to preventive vaccination for children with special health conditions.
The disease prevention effect of vaccination is visible - Chongqing (重庆) has maintained a polio-free status for more than 30 years, and there have been no cases of diphtheria since 1992. At the end of 2024, the reported incidence of measles continued to be maintained at the elimination level of less than one in a million, and the reported incidence of diseases such as meningococcal meningitis and Japanese encephalitis has remained at an extremely low level of one in ten million for many years.
"Next, we will focus on the entire population and the entire life cycle, optimize the layout of vaccination units, appropriately increase the number of adult vaccination clinics, promote general practitioners' vaccine health prescriptions, and promote the development and application of electronic vaccination certificates," said the relevant person in charge of Chongqing CDC (重庆疾控).
Return to TopWhat Can the 12327 Hotline Do?
People's Daily Reporter Li Xinping (李心萍)
Recently, the 12327 National Railway Supervision Hotline was officially launched. What issues does the 12327 hotline handle? What is the difference between it and the 12306 customer service hotline?
According to reports, the 12327 hotline is operated by the National Railway Administration (国家铁路局) and is a dedicated telephone number for railway service supervision. As a government supervision hotline, the 12327 hotline mainly handles complaints, reports, opinions, suggestions, and policy consultations regarding railway industry safety, quality, and market order. Specifically, it includes disputes arising from issues such as railway industry safety, quality, and market order, as well as matters related to complainants requesting railway regulatory authorities to correct and investigate them.
A 12327 hotline staff member stated that transportation-related complaints will generally be responded to within 15 working days. Once a complaint is accepted, a follow-up visit will be arranged to track the handling and effectiveness.
It is understood that the 12306 customer service hotline is a customer service hotline opened by China State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (中国国家铁路集团有限公司), providing services such as ticket booking, information inquiry, ticket changes and refunds, lost property registration, and reservations for key passengers. At the same time, passengers can also call 12306 to complain about railway service-related issues.
In recent years, railways have increasingly become an important means of transportation for passengers. During this year's 12-day National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holiday transportation period, the national railway cumulatively transported 213 million passengers, with an average of nearly 18 million passengers per day.
Some experts say that previously, passengers mostly sought solutions through the 12306 customer service hotline when encountering problems, while the newly opened 12327 hotline is based on the perspective of industry supervision and focuses more on collecting public opinion from a macro level.
According to reports, during the operation of the 12327 hotline, manual seat answering services are provided from 8:30 to 17:00 on weekdays, and self-service voice services are provided around the clock. The National Railway Administration (国家铁路局) simultaneously operates the railway supervision mailbox 12327@nra.gov.cn. The 12306 customer service hotline provides year-round, around-the-clock self-service voice and manual seat answering services.
Scientific and Healthy Naps: Points to Note
People's Daily Reporter Yang Yanfan (杨彦帆)
Many people have the habit of taking naps, but sometimes they feel sleepy even after sleeping for a long time and can't seem to "wake up." Others feel dizzy and disoriented after waking up. How can you take a scientific and healthy nap? The reporter interviewed Yin Ping (尹平), Chief Physician of the Sleep Medicine Center at Longhua Hospital (龙华医院) affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (上海中医药大学).
"First of all, napping longer is not necessarily better; it's best to keep it within 30 minutes," Yin Ping (尹平) told reporters. Research has shown that a nap time of within 30 minutes can effectively improve attention. However, if it exceeds 30 minutes, people are more likely to enter a deep sleep stage. If they are "forced to start up" at this time, they will experience sleepiness and a desire to continue sleeping. In addition, napping after 3 p.m. can also affect the quality of nighttime sleep, creating a vicious cycle of not waking up from naps and not sleeping at night.
It is best to adopt a lying position for naps. If you sit and lie on your desk to sleep during a nap, the pressure on the cervical spine will increase by 2-4 times, and can reach 27 kilograms in severe cases, which is equivalent to carrying a bag of cement on your head. Furthermore, with your face down, breathing is obstructed, and you may experience dizziness and chest tightness upon waking up.
Therefore, if possible, lying down is the best choice. If you can only lie on the table to sleep, you can use your arms to raise your forehead to reduce pressure on the cervical spine, but the nap time should not exceed 15 minutes.
Yin Ping (尹平) reminded that some misconceptions about napping should be avoided as much as possible. First, sleeping immediately after a meal. Napping immediately after a meal can easily lead to indigestion, causing discomfort such as bloating and acid reflux, and may also cause gastroesophageal reflux. If possible, you can take a 10-minute walk after a meal to aid digestion and improve the quality of your nap.
Second, having a casual napping environment. If the light is too strong during a nap, it can easily inhibit the secretion of melatonin and affect sleep. It is recommended to dim the light or use an eye mask to create a suitable environment for napping.
Third, getting up suddenly after waking up from a nap. Especially for the elderly, getting up suddenly after waking up can easily cause insufficient blood supply to the brain, causing symptoms such as dizziness. It is recommended to lie down for another half a minute to allow the brain to slowly "start up" and give yourself a buffer time. After waking up, you can drink a small glass of warm water to replenish moisture and promote metabolism.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 乔 栋 曹继炜
In mid-October, in the Hehuang Valley, farmers from cooperatives in the fields of Huzhu Tu Autonomous County (互助土族自治县), Haidong City (海东市), Qinghai Province (青海省), are busy harvesting Chinese flowering cabbage and cabbage. Every year from May to October, various cool-season vegetables are loaded onto trucks in the fields of Xining (西宁) and Haidong (海东), and can reach all parts of the country within two days.
How has Qinghai (青海), located in the high-altitude and cold Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原), turned its agricultural weaknesses into development advantages and developed cool-season vegetables into a popular industry? How has Qinghai (青海), once a backward agricultural development area that relied heavily on other provinces for vegetable supply, reversed its situation to become the "vegetable basket" for many places? The reporter conducted an investigation.
Adapting to local conditions, cool-season vegetables have become a new calling card for Qinghai (青海) agricultural products.
Starting from Weiyuan Town (威远镇) in Huzhu County (互助县) and heading north along County Road 243, the route passes through the county's main cool-season vegetable growing area, where farmers can be seen harvesting everywhere.
This year's cool-season vegetable harvest is good. "We have processed and sold 0.3 million tons of summer vegetables such as broccoli, with an output value of about 4 million yuan. There are still some vegetables in the fields waiting to be harvested," said Xiang Chenggui (向成贵), head of the Xianglong Planting Farmers Professional Cooperative (向隆种植农民专业合作社) in Huzhu County (互助县), who is currently leading merchants in counting vegetables in the warehouse.
Broccoli is a cool-season vegetable, and the optimal temperature for plant growth is 15 to 22 degrees Celsius. Too high or too low temperatures can cause poor growth. Xiang Chenggui (向成贵) said that the cooperative's broccoli is organically grown, of good quality, and very popular among merchants. Li Youquan (李有全), deputy director of the Huzhu County (互助县) Vegetable Office, introduced that the average altitude of Huzhu County (互助县) is above 2,600 meters, with sufficient sunshine, large temperature differences between day and night, and cool summers, providing a good growing environment for cool-season vegetables.
"Come, come, come and taste how it tastes in hot pot." In recent days, vegetable merchants from Shanghai (上海), Guangdong (广东), Hong Kong (香港) and other places have come to Huzhu County (互助县) to purchase vegetables. The staff of the Vegetable Office set up canopies and hot pots in the fields in a timely manner, allowing them to select vegetables and eat hot pot on the spot. After picking and eating on the spot, the merchants were impressed by the quality of the local vegetables.
Such scenes also appear in Ledu District (乐都区) and Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County (民和回族土族自治县) in Haidong City (海东市), Huangzhong District (湟中区), Huangyuan County (湟源县), and Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County (大通回族土族自治县) in Xining City (西宁市), and Guide County (贵德县) in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (海南藏族自治州)... One truck after another of cool-season vegetables is transported from the fertile fields of the Hehuang Valley (河湟谷地) to all parts of the country, and batches of purchasers return satisfied.
"As early as 2010, Huangzhong District (湟中区) began to build a 'vegetable basket'," said Hu Jiankun (胡建焜), director of the Huangzhong District (湟中区) Vegetable Office. Over the past 15 years, the planting of cool-season vegetables in Huangzhong District (湟中区) has experienced different planting models such as open-field vegetables, simple greenhouses, and facility agriculture. The planting scale has also developed from scattered household planting of three to five mu to large-scale operations of cooperatives with thousands of mu. The scale and benefits have been continuously improved, from mainly meeting the needs of the province to exporting to other provinces at the same time.
Huangzhong District (湟中区) is a microcosm of the development of the cool-season vegetable industry in the province. Qinghai (青海) has a high altitude and a cool climate, and its vegetables have their own "green genes," becoming a highly recognizable "ecological label" in the market. Based on its advantages, Qinghai (青海) adapts to local conditions and produces plateau cool-season vegetables in staggered seasons. Last year, the province's planting area was about 660,000 mu, with an output of about 1.58 million tons, of which 700,000 tons were exported. Cool-season vegetables have become a bright new calling card for Qinghai (青海) agricultural products.
With the help of science and technology, cool-season vegetables have many varieties and good quality.
The cool-season vegetable industry is "on fire," and the staff of the vegetable offices in various districts and counties of Qinghai Province (青海省) are even busier. Just after coming out of the fields of the cooperative where Xiang Chenggui (向成贵) is located, Li Youquan (李有全) received a call asking about the installation address of the insect pest monitoring equipment. "After installation, it can monitor insect pests in the first time and help farmers respond in a timely manner," Li Youquan (李有全) said.
The insect pest monitoring machine is installed on the ridges of the Plateau Vegetable Industrial Park (高原蔬菜产业园) in Huzhu County (互助县). By opening the mobile phone application, you can clearly see the insects that have been attracted and killed. The built-in software can simultaneously analyze the types of insects and count them. "The current pests are mainly moths such as diamondback moths and stem borers," the technician introduced.
Cool-season vegetables like cool climates, but also need relatively moist soil. In order to ensure the high quality and high yield of cool-season vegetables, the vegetable offices in Huzhu County (互助县), Huangzhong District (湟中区) and other places have been working hard on one thing in recent years: promoting the integrated water and fertilizer project.
Along County Road 243 in Huzhu County (互助县), integrated water and fertilizer machines can be seen every once in a while. "Only one person is needed to operate, and one machine can complete the watering and fertilization of more than 100 mu of vegetable fields in one day," Li Youquan (李有全) introduced. Compared with the traditional irrigation and fertilization methods, integrated water and fertilizer operations can save about 40% of water and fertilizer, and increase the yield per mu by about 10%.
Good seeds produce good seedlings, and good seedlings produce good vegetables. In recent years, Zhong Qiwen's (钟启文) team, director of the Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (青海省农林科学院), has combined introduction and breeding to independently select and breed 28 new varieties of plateau characteristic vegetables such as peppers, tomatoes, and fragrant melon eggplant, and introduced and screened more than 50 new varieties selected and bred by experts in the National Vegetable Industry Technology System. Today, these new varieties of vegetables with better quality and higher yields are taking root in the Hehuang Valley (河湟谷地).
Walking into the Xining National Agricultural Science and Technology Park (西宁国家农业科技园区), technicians are taking samples in the greenhouse. "Here, 650,000 seedlings can be cultivated at the same time. In just 25 days, these chicory and Chinese flowering cabbage seedlings can be transplanted into the fields," Hu Jiankun (胡建焜) introduced.
This year, the Longcai Planting and Breeding Professional Cooperative (龙财种养殖专业合作社) base in Donghuayuan Village (东花园村), Xibao Town (西堡镇), Huangzhong District (湟中区), has planted chicory and Chinese flowering cabbage cultivated in the park. "The Chinese flowering cabbage has begun to be harvested, and the first batch of chicory was sent to Shenzhen (深圳) in early June. This is the second batch of replanting," introduced Zhong Guangyan (钟光言), head of the cooperative.
With science and technology as its wings, Qinghai (青海) cool-season vegetables have an increasing number of varieties, and their quality is moving to a new height, and the vast plateau is焕发别样生机 焕发别样生机 (huàn fā bié yàng shēng jī - "radiate different vitality," to show a different kind of vitality).
With coordinated production and sales, good vegetables reach consumers with high quality and efficiency.
The Chinese flowering cabbage of the Longcai Planting and Breeding Professional Cooperative (龙财种养殖专业合作社) is ordered and planted for Huang Yunqing (黄云青), a merchant from Shenzhen (深圳).
"We have been cooperating for 6 years, and we have worked together very well," Huang Yunqing (黄云青) told reporters that he comes to Qinghai (青海) every year to purchase cool-season vegetables. "Our customers are mainly restaurants in various parts of Guangdong (广东), and they have high requirements for the quality of vegetables. We adopt the method of direct supply from the place of origin. In less than 40 hours, Qinghai (青海) vegetables can be transported to Guangdong (广东)."
Huang Yunqing's (黄云青) selection criteria are almost strict. He refines the purchase standard of Chinese flowering cabbage to 35 centimeters, and it is not acceptable if it is too long or too short. This coincides with the Chinese flowering cabbage standard issued by Xining City (西宁市) - in order to accelerate the construction of the cool-season vegetable standard system, Xining (西宁) has established a total of 779 local standards, and has also added 21 green and organic agricultural product geographical indication certifications.
Cool-season vegetables are prone to spoilage after harvesting, and the problems of preservation and storage must be solved for large-scale shipments to other places. Qinghai Changqing Vegetable Planting Professional Cooperative (青海长青蔬菜种植专业合作社) is located in Banzhongying Village (班仲营村), Lanlongkou Town (拦隆口镇), Huangzhong District (湟中区). There is a vegetable preservation warehouse with a storage capacity of 3,000 tons, and it is also equipped with an ice-making room and a foam box production workshop. "Cool-season vegetables can be processed locally and shipped immediately after packaging to ensure quality and freshness," said Ma Xiaozhen (马晓真), deputy mayor of Lanlongkou Town (拦隆口镇).
In order to allow cool-season vegetables to reach consumers with high quality and efficiency, the initial processing in the fields is steadily advancing. In the processing workshop of the Lujuyuan Joint Cooperative (绿聚园联合社) in Shangzhigou Village (上直沟村), Gonghe Town (共和镇), Huangzhong District (湟中区), more than 20 villagers are pre-treating fresh scallions with air spray guns. After being washed by high-pressure gas, the outer layer of the scallions is quickly peeled off, and then packaged by a leaf-cutting and bundling machine, labeled, and sent to a cold storage for pre-cooling, and then sent to Ningxia (宁夏), Sichuan (四川) and other places according to orders.
Qinghai (青海) cool-season vegetables are not only sold well in China, but also reach overseas. At present, Haidong City (海东市) has 29 export vegetable bases certified by the customs, and the export volume of vegetables accounts for 54.3% of the province. "This year, the city is expected to export 10,000 tons of characteristic and advantageous agricultural products. In the first half of the year, Ledu District (乐都区) exported more than 4,200 tons of vegetables, with an export value of 1.28 million US dollars. Colored peppers are sold to Russia, and potatoes are sent to Kyrgyzstan," said Chen Dong (陈栋), deputy director of the Haidong City (海东市) Agriculture and Rural Bureau.
The best-selling plateau cool-season vegetables have become a large industry that enriches the people. Zhu Anxiang (朱安香), director of the Huzhu County (互助县) Vegetable Technology Service Center, told reporters that the county produces 170,000 tons of various vegetables annually, of which 130,000 tons are sold externally, with an output value of more than 760 million yuan,带动2万余户农户参与 带动2万余户农户参与 (dài dòng èr wàn yú hù nóng hù cān yù - "drive over 20,000 farm households to participate," to encourage over 20,000 farm households to get involved), with an average increase in income of more than 20,000 yuan, and also provides more than 500,000 person-times of employment opportunities, realizing a labor income of more than 50 million yuan.
Return to TopBy: 晓 眷
To maintain the positive momentum of consecutive bumper harvests and ensure a stable and secure supply of essential agricultural products, it is imperative to adhere to systematic thinking and a bottom-line mentality, further enhancing the resilience of the agricultural industry.
Agricultural situation monitoring by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) shows that as of October 21, nearly 80% of the nation's autumn grain harvest has been completed. Regionally, the Huang-Huai-Hai area's harvest progress is also nearing 80%. After the autumn harvest began this year, continuous days of rain made "rushing to harvest and dry" the production keywords for agricultural and rural departments at all levels and the vast number of grain farmers in the Huang-Huai-Hai area.
Responding to meteorological disasters brought about by climate change has become a regular task in agricultural production. This year's summer grain also achieved stable production and a bumper harvest through multiple measures to combat drought and protect grain. Overcoming disasters to achieve a bumper harvest is not limited to this year. In 2021, severe autumn floods led to large-scale late sowing of winter wheat in China's main production areas; in 2023, the Huang-Huai area encountered a rare "rotten wheat in the field" rain; in 2024, the summer experienced "Dragon Boat Water" and "violent plum rains," and the autumn encountered extreme rainstorms and super typhoons... In recent years, global climate change has intensified, extreme weather events have occurred frequently, bringing increasing uncertainty to China's agricultural production and putting the resilience of China's agricultural production to an increasingly severe test.
The "strength" of an agricultural powerhouse is reflected in many aspects such as technological equipment and operational systems, but strong supply security and strong industrial resilience are important characteristics. It should be said that from relying on the heavens for food in the past to knowing the heavens and acting accordingly today, China's ability to stabilize production and supply of grain and other important agricultural products, as well as the resilience of the agricultural industry, has gradually increased in repeated tests. However, to accelerate the construction of an agricultural powerhouse, effectively reduce the impact of climate change and extreme weather, maintain the good momentum of consecutive bumper harvests, and ensure a stable and secure supply of important agricultural products, it is imperative to adhere to systematic thinking and a bottom-line mentality, and further enhance the resilience of the agricultural industry. One important aspect of this is to focus on addressing the shortcomings of the agricultural industry and enhance the resilience of the agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation system.
This resilience is reflected in the reserve strength of agriculture itself. Farmland, water conservancy, seeds, technology, meteorology, insurance, organization, and other links are important reserves for agricultural production. An efficient disaster prevention and mitigation system also requires these links to be closely linked and work together. Further improving infrastructure construction, accelerating the application of agricultural technologies such as the research and development of stress-resistant varieties and intelligent management, forming an efficient emergency management mechanism, and leveraging the role of agricultural insurance to stabilize grain farmers' income expectations, only when the reserve strength of agriculture itself is stronger can it demonstrate greater resilience in the face of natural disaster risks. As of now, the country has cumulatively built more than 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland; more than 80% of China's 340 million mu of winter wheat has irrigation conditions; and the "dual-use for peacetime and emergency" regional agricultural emergency disaster relief centers in the main grain-producing areas such as Huang-Huai-Hai are accelerating their layout... All of these are making the foundation of agricultural reserves more solid.
This resilience is also reflected in the coping ability of practitioners. The relationship between people and the weather has always been one of gradually understanding and mastering the laws of climate change through continuous exploration, and then actively responding through targeted measures. In recent years, those proactive adjustments in farming methods and harvesting models have been effective breakthroughs in dealing with extreme weather. This resilience is also reflected in 未雨绸缪 (wèi yǔ chóu móu - "before it rains, mend the roof," to plan ahead; to take precautions). Putting in enough effort on weekdays, making up for shortcomings in the accuracy of meteorological disaster forecasting, flood drainage and drought resistance, machinery guarantees, drying and storage, etc., can ensure that there are no breakdowns at critical moments, and the resilience of the industry can be stronger.
At present, it is a critical period for the autumn harvest, and all tasks must be implemented carefully to strive to complete the annual grain production target. Looking to the long term, with more scientific disaster prevention measures, more precise field management, and more efficient emergency response, we can better protect the interests of farmers and ensure that every inch of cultivated land can become a stable-yielding field that effectively resists risks, adding more confidence to safeguarding the granary of a major country.
Return to TopIn recent days, nearly 20,000 mu of onions planted in Urumqi County (乌鲁木齐县), Urumqi (乌鲁木齐) City, Xinjiang (新疆) have successively entered the harvest period, and a vibrant and prosperous harvest scene is unfolding in the fields. Small onions have now become a distinctive industry for enriching the people and increasing the income of local people.
The picture shows villagers in Ulabo Village (乌拉泊村), Tuoli Township (托里乡), Urumqi County (乌鲁木齐县) busily bagging the harvested onions.
People's Daily reporter He Yong (贺勇) photographed.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 窦瀚洋
At the first light of dawn, Zhang Jinrong (张金荣), a refrigerated truck driver from Pujiang County (浦江县), Jinhua City (金华市), Zhejiang Province (浙江省), started the engine. His truck, fully loaded with fresh alpine vegetables from Hangping Town (杭坪镇), drove onto S219. The rearview mirror reflected the silhouette of mountain fields. "This road, more than 20 years ago, was so bumpy that the car could fall apart. After the reconstruction and widening, it has become a flat and wide asphalt road. It only takes two hours to go directly from Pujiang (浦江) to Hangzhou (杭州)."
S219, once a "bumpy road," is now a road of hope and common prosperity. Pujiang County (浦江县) uses it to connect the characteristic industries along the route internally, narrowing the gap between urban and rural development; externally, it connects Yiwu City (义乌市), Tonglu County (桐庐县), and Jiande City (建德市), cooperating regionally to move towards common prosperity. Last year, the operating income of all administrative villages in Pujiang (浦江) exceeded 500,000 yuan, and the income gap between urban and rural residents narrowed to below 1.86.
From rugged mountain roads to a thoroughfare for common prosperity, S219 connects urban and rural areas, linking production and demand. In Hangping Town (杭坪镇), 114 vegetable bases are connected into a piece, polishing the "Hangshan Vegetable" (杭山菜) public brand. Refrigerated logistics vehicles deliver seasonal alpine vegetables directly from the bases to Hangzhou (杭州) supermarkets every day. Agricultural experience and study tours also attract many tourists. The bases provide more than 300 jobs, driving more than 500 surrounding farmers to increase their monthly income by more than 3,500 yuan, and promoting the development of 6 villages in a block-group model, with an annual increase of more than 4 million yuan in collective economy. Today, alpine vegetables have become one of the five characteristic agricultural industries in Pujiang (浦江).
Xinguang Village (新光村) in Yuzhai Township (虞宅乡) has a history of more than 300 years. Chen Qingsong (陈青松), the head of the "Nianjiujianli" (廿玖间里) maker base, led the team to build the village into a rural tourism destination integrating cultural and creative industries, intangible cultural heritage, music bars and other formats. During the National Day holiday, it attracted an average of more than 10,000 tourists per day. "The villagers are rich, and our village's collective income has exceeded 1 million yuan for four consecutive years," said Zhu Hongchang (朱红昌), the village party secretary, with pride in his tone.
Today, S219 connects the main scenic spots in Pujiang County (浦江县), such as Xianhua Mountain (仙华山), Tongji Lake (通济湖), and Maling (马岭), as well as popular destinations such as Xinguang Village (新光村), Xuejia Village (薛家村), and Shanghe Village (上河村). More and more villagers are eating the delicious "tourism meal."
"Turning resources into a chain and industrial clusters into pieces, the Pujiang section of S219 has become a road to common prosperity," introduced Luo An (骆安), executive deputy minister of the Organization Department of the Pujiang County (浦江县) Party Committee. Since 2017, facing the fact that the operating income of more than 70% of the administrative village collective economy was less than 50,000 yuan, the county established a "poverty alleviation" special team to guide the villages to develop industries to enrich the people according to local conditions. Last year, the county's village collective operating income increased by nearly 2.4 times compared with 2017.
Everyone's prosperity counts as prosperity. The counties and cities along S219 are jumping out of their own "one-acre three-point land" and working together for common prosperity.
At the Common Prosperity Market in Huangzhai Town (黄宅镇), Pujiang County (浦江县), refrigerated trucks are loading grapes to be sold to Binjiang District (滨江区), Hangzhou City (杭州市). Mountain goods are directly connected to urban business district stores, helping Pujiang (浦江) agricultural products increase their premium rate by 35%. Pujiang County (浦江县) is exploring a cross-regional urban-rural research, production, and sales integration model of "school-enterprise team + common prosperity workshop + urban store + mobile market" to help the county's grape industry achieve an annual output value of more than 1.4 billion yuan.
A larger wave of collaborative common prosperity is stirring at the county boundary. In February this year, Pujiang (浦江) joined hands with Tonglu (桐庐) and Jiande (建德) to establish the "S219 Three-Place Common Prosperity Alliance" to jointly carry out tourism resource connection and sharing, open common prosperity markets, etc. Opening cross-county buses; mutually sending employees for recuperation and issuing tourism consumption coupons; uniformly planning and designing landscape features and signage... Jointly creating the "S219 Series" new cultural tourism brand is expected to drive the villages along the three places to develop rural tourism and increase income by 200 million yuan this year. Relevant officials from Pujiang County (浦江县) said that this regional cooperation breaks down administrative barriers and explores a regional collaborative model for Zhejiang (浙江) to promote the construction of a common prosperity demonstration zone through party building joint construction, industrial collaboration and other institutional innovations.
Along S219, Zhang Jinrong's (张金荣) refrigerated truck drove to Hangzhou (杭州), and the common prosperity picture of "industrial prosperity, people's wealth, and ecological beauty" continued to unfold between the crisscrossing fields.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 王明峰
In the hinterland of the Daba Mountains (大巴山), Shichang Town (石塘镇), Wanyuan City (万源市), Dazhou (达州), Sichuan (四川), boasts picturesque scenery. Within 12,000 mu of pine forest, 200,000 Jiuyuan Black Chickens (旧院黑鸡) leisurely forage. For a long time, the Jiuyuan Black Chicken (旧院黑鸡) was little known to the outside world, but now it has become a "golden phoenix" leading the masses to a prosperous life.
The change began with Liu Xiaogang (刘晓岗), who was jokingly called "Black Chicken Bro" by the villagers.
More than 10 years ago, Liu Xiaogang (刘晓岗) gave up his teaching job and returned to his hometown to breed Jiuyuan Black Chickens (旧院黑鸡). He ate on the hillside when he was hungry, slept in a tent when he was tired, learned technology, ran the market, and did marketing. Liu Xiaogang (刘晓岗) succeeded with a tenacity, and the company's annual sales exceeded 30 million yuan.
After developing, Liu Xiaogang (刘晓岗) did not forget his original intention of linking farmers and benefiting farmers. He launched the "five unified and one separate" development model of "unified supply of seedlings, technology, epidemic prevention, brand, and sales, and separate breeding by farmers," which led to an average annual income increase of more than 4,000 yuan for more than 300 farmers. He has successively won honors such as "Excellent Communist Party Member of Sichuan Province" (四川省优秀共产党员) and "Dazhou Talent Mayor Award" (达州人才市长奖).
Liu Xiaogang (刘晓岗) is a microcosm of Dazhou's (达州) adherence to talent revitalization to lead the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside, and actively cultivate new farmers to lead the masses to increase their income and become rich. Today, more than 1,200 new farmers are working hard on this promising land in Dazhou (达州), boosting industries and enriching villagers.
"Innovation-driven and technology-enabled, traditional industries can have good prospects." Liao Ziting (廖梓婷), a female master who returned from overseas, founded Sichuan Xiuling Chuntian Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. (四川秀岭春天农业发展有限公司) in Qu County (渠县) and built more than 4,000 mu of tea gardens. With the support of relevant departments of the city and county, Liao Ziting's (廖梓婷) company has established scientific research platforms such as expert workstations, technology centers, and skill master studios, and has developed more than 10 organic tea products, which are in short supply in the market.
Dazhou (达州) insists on building stages and platforms for new farmers, promoting the construction of various parks and other carriers, and actively guiding advanced technologies and high-quality scientific research results for new farmers to use, so as to promote the high-quality development of rural industries.
In order to attract more outstanding new farmers, Dazhu County (大竹县) innovatively implemented the "One Village, One CEO" plan, selected 121 established villages from the county, and issued a recruitment order to the whole country. Rural CEOs who have achieved outstanding results and significant effects can receive up to 10% of the village collective income as a reward.
Fu Jianzhong (傅建忠), a senior executive of Zhejiang Tianyan Weizhen Network Technology Co., Ltd. (浙江天演维真网络科技股份有限公司), was hired as the rural CEO of Guangzi Village (广子村) in Wumu Town (乌木镇). After discussing with members of the village committee, he decided to take advantage of the proximity to the city and the good ecology to lead Guangzi Village (广子村) on the road of integrated development of agriculture, culture, and tourism.
Under the matchmaking of Fu Jianzhong (傅建忠), Guangzi Village (广子村) cooperated with Zhejiang Tianyan Xiangyun Rural Operation Co., Ltd. (浙江天演乡韵乡村运营有限公司), and in accordance with the concept of "light tourism and micro-vacation," revitalized idle land, old houses and other resources, turning farmland into parks and farmhouses into guest rooms. Now, Guangzi Village (广子村) has attracted a large number of tourists with many characteristic business formats and activities such as "Zhumengli" Resort Manor ("苎梦里"度假庄园), "Rural Past" Research and Study Space ("乡村往事"研学空间), and "Fun Shrimp Fishing" Competition ("趣味钓虾"竞技赛). The village's crayfish industry has continued to grow, and the villagers' lives have become more and more prosperous.
"We adhere to adapting to local conditions and letting a hundred flowers bloom. We encourage all localities to make good use of new farmers, and give full support in development, full trust in politics, and full connection in guarantees. As long as new farmers have the ability and want to do things, they can find a place in the grand stage of comprehensive rural revitalization," said the person in charge of the Dazhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (达州市农业农村局).
Return to TopIn the golden autumn season, the China Outdoor Sports Industry Conference arrives as scheduled. From October 24th to 27th, the 2025 China Outdoor Sports Industry Conference will be held in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), marking the third consecutive year the conference has been held in Yunnan (云南). Starting from the positioning of "one conference, empowering one city, revitalizing one industry," the 2023 conference was first held in Yunnan (云南). The 2024 conference proposed creating a "Greater Shangri-La" outdoor sports development cluster and experience zone in Yunnan (云南). The 2025 conference will further form a three-dimensional pattern radiating 8 prefectures and cities and driving the development of the entire province. This three-year industrial agreement benefits from Yunnan's (云南) unique resource endowment, complete and effective policy measures, and the systematic promotion of the entire region as "one chessboard," and is a practical result of deep industrial integration.
Leveraging the platform function, economic benefits continue to increase
As a national-level outdoor sports industry event, the China Outdoor Sports Industry Conference is committed to building an important platform for policy release, industrial integration, innovation incubation, and content output. This year's conference, themed "Go Outdoors, Move with Brilliance," forms a trend of outdoor sports, bringing together representatives from all parties in Dali (大理) to discuss the role and value of outdoor sports in releasing consumption potential, promoting industrial integration, and promoting cultural communication, injecting new momentum into the high-quality development of the industry.
Focusing on the outdoor sports industry, Yunnan (云南) has made forward-looking arrangements and early moves. In February 2023, Yunnan (云南) held its first provincial sports industry conference, proposing to create three major sports brands: "Plateau Training Paradise, Outdoor Sports Paradise, and Four Seasons Sports Paradise," conveying the firm determination to create a new growth pole for the sports industry, establishing the breakthrough direction of promoting the quality and upgrading of the sports industry with outdoor sports, and officially opening a new journey for the development of Yunnan's (云南) sports industry.
In 2023, the first China Outdoor Sports Industry Conference opened in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), building a bridge for the transformation of "green waters and green mountains" into "golden mountains and silver mountains"; the 3-day conference facilitated the landing of 64 intended signed projects, with an intended signed amount of 15.908 billion yuan. In 2024, the conference took a key step in coordinated development, linking Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理白族自治州), Lijiang City (丽江市), Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (怒江傈僳族自治州), and Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (迪庆藏族自治州) in 4 prefectures and cities, and innovatively expanding the hosting matrix; the 4-day conference brought direct economic benefits of approximately 496 million yuan to various industries in the province, with a total economic driving effect of 1.057 billion yuan. The continuously increasing economic benefits both inside and outside the venue are not only a bright answer sheet handed over by Yunnan (云南), but also confirm the broad prospects of the new track of the outdoor sports industry.
Improve the policy system and support the stable development of the industry
Yunnan (云南), from the 6,740-meter-high Meili Snow Mountain (梅里雪山) to the vast tropical rainforest, from the turbulent Three Parallel Rivers to the quiet and beautiful plateau lakes, 300 million years of geological evolution have carved out outdoor sports scenes covering various types. Three-dimensional climate, diverse landforms, and diverse ethnic cultures converge here, endowing Yunnan (云南) with the diversity, uniqueness, and inclusiveness of natural and human resources, providing a natural testing ground for building a demonstration province for all-area outdoor sports.
In addition to the unique resource endowment advantages, Yunnan (云南) also takes the lead in the development track with policies. In 2023, the "Three-Year Action Plan for the Development of Outdoor Sports Industry in Yunnan Province (2023-2025)" (云南省户外运动产业发展三年行动计划（2023—2025年）) and the "Three-Year Action Plan for High-Quality Integrated Development of Sports and Tourism in Yunnan Province (2023-2025)" (云南省体育和旅游高质量融合发展三年行动计划（2023—2025年）) were successively introduced; during the 2024 conference, the provincial regional outdoor sports development policy "Opinions on Creating a 'Greater Shangri-La' Outdoor Sports Development Cluster and Experience Zone in Yunnan" (关于打造云南“大香格里拉”户外运动发展集聚区、体验区的意见) was officially released. A series of policies have built a complete industrial support system, providing a "Yunnan (云南) Plan" for local governments and departments to optimize relevant policies.
Relying on the opportunity of holding the conference, Yunnan (云南) focuses on "one mountain and one water" to create a "Greater Shangri-La" outdoor sports development cluster and experience zone; serves the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road," and builds a bridge of people-to-people connectivity with sports as a medium; creates "one enterprise, one policy" and builds an important platform for China's outdoor sports cooperation; focuses on "the elderly and the young" to build an all-age-friendly residential ecology. At the same time, based on the "Greater Shangri-La" outdoor sports resources, it will continue to promote the integration of Jinsha River (金沙江) Yunnan (云南) river basin resources, accelerate the deep integration of all-area outdoor sports and sports tourism, and adhere to the concept of "development and investment promotion in parallel," guide local governments to reserve outdoor sports investment projects, and serve the settlement of business entities.
Yunnan (云南) adheres to ecological priority and green development, reasonably develops outdoor sports under the premise of protecting natural resources, realizes a win-win situation for both "ecological accounts" and "economic accounts," and takes a distinctive path of promoting the transformation of "green waters and green mountains" into "golden mountains and silver mountains" with outdoor sports, providing a "Yunnan (云南) model" that can be used for reference by similar regions.
Improve industrial layout and release the brand effect of the conference
2025 is the third year of the conference and the year when the "Three-Year Action Plan for the Development of Outdoor Sports Industry in Yunnan Province (2023-2025)" (云南省户外运动产业发展三年行动计划（2023—2025年）) will show its results. The "one circle, two zones, three belts, and four networks" layout proposed three years ago has achieved fruitful results: Yunnan's (云南) sports industry as a whole has been integrated into the overall economic and social development, business entities have continued to grow, and the industrial system has been gradually improved. Under the promotion of policies, the enthusiasm of all parties has been fully mobilized, and resource integration has formed a strong resonance, and the development of the outdoor sports industry has entered the "fast lane."
This year, the conference has been expanded and upgraded again. With Dali (大理) as the main venue, on the basis of deepening the construction of the "Greater Shangri-La" outdoor sports development cluster and experience zone in Yunnan (云南), in accordance with the principles of "highlighting characteristics, complementing advantages, and coordinating linkage," the experience performance, sports event and other sections will be radiated to Kunming City (昆明市), Zhaotong City (昭通市), Qujing City (曲靖市), and Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture (楚雄彝族自治州) in 4 prefectures and cities, forming a three-dimensional pattern of regional linkage in 8 prefectures and cities. At the same time, Yunnan (云南) focuses on Dali (大理), Lijiang (丽江), Nujiang (怒江), and Diqing (迪庆) to create four major name cards: "Four Seasons Outdoor Sports City," "Plateau Outdoor Sports Capital," "Canyon Outdoor Sports Paradise," and "World Hiking Holy Land," respectively, to realize the brand shaping from "four-place linkage" to "one city, one product," build a coordinated and linked development pattern, and promote outdoor sports from a single "sports event" to a deep "residential life," so as to better meet the people's yearning for a high-quality sports residential life.
Strengthen coordinated linkage, and the integration of sports and tourism has achieved remarkable results
The three conferences have continuously empowered and promoted the leapfrog development of Yunnan's (云南) outdoor sports industry, and have achieved remarkable results in economic growth, consumption upgrading, and people's livelihood improvement. According to estimates, by the end of 2025, the total scale of sports and related industries in Yunnan (云南) will exceed 100 billion yuan, and the number of sports enterprises will exceed 16,000, which can achieve a year-on-year increase of more than 23%; the number of sports enterprises above designated size will exceed 100, which can achieve a year-on-year increase of more than 10%. From 2023 to the first half of 2025, Yunnan (云南) has arranged 290 million yuan of provincial sports lottery public welfare funds to support the construction of national fitness infrastructure, providing strong support for the development of the outdoor sports industry.
In recent years, the outdoor sports industry in various parts of Yunnan (云南) has been full of highlights. The proportion of outdoor sports participants in Diqing (迪庆) in the total number of tourists has been increasing year by year. The annual number of tourists received by Tiger Leaping Gorge Scenic Area (虎跳峡景区) exceeds 600,000, driving tourism revenue of more than 50 million yuan. The number of outdoor sports participants in Shangri-La (香格里拉) accounts for more than 16% of the total number of tourists. Relying on thousands of rivers, 18 alpine lakes, and 61.20% forest coverage, Lijiang (丽江) has become an ideal destination for mountain cross-country, mountaineering, and rafting. The characteristics of "all-area playable and suitable for all seasons" have made "traveling in Yunnan (云南) following sports events" a name card of Yunnan's (云南) sports industry, laying a solid foundation for Yunnan (云南) to promote the high-quality development of sports and tourism integration.
In addition, Yunnan (云南) promotes the transformation of tourism from "sightseeing" to "residential" with the integration of "sports + residential" as the main line, helps build the "residential Yunnan (云南)" brand, and injects new vitality into the high-quality development of the tourism industry.
Planning the development path and looking forward to the bright future of the industry
Yunnan (云南) takes the 2025 conference as a new starting point for promoting the high-quality development of the outdoor sports industry, plans a long-term development path, ensures the continuous release of the conference effect, and promotes the stable and long-term development of the industry.
In the future, Yunnan (云南) will rely on the late-mover advantages of natural resources, project foundation, venue facilities, and industrial market to build a sports industry "four-circle integration" product matrix led by the "top event circle," supported by the "outdoor sports circle," expanded by the "ecological experience circle," and based on the "cultural derivative circle," and strive to become the "poetry and distance" for global outdoor sports enthusiasts, and become a residential paradise with both fireworks and quality, and promote Yunnan (云南) from a "sports resort" to a "ideal life destination and demonstration area."
Data source: Yunnan Provincial Sports Bureau (云南省体育局)
Return to TopBy: 郑 立
The television series "The Silent Honor" has generated enthusiastic responses, and its historical script, "Silent Cold Moon: The Biography of Wu Shi" (冷月无声：吴石传) (published by the Party History Publishing House of the Chinese Communist Party), has also been revised and released to readers. As the author, I never imagined that a book about unsung heroes would continue to be "written" for so many years—from the first edition in 2012 to the second edition in 2018, and now to the revised edition.
Writing a biography for General Wu Shi (吴石) stems from admiration for the heroes of the hidden front and from the desire to safeguard historical truth. One day in September 2004, while on a business trip in Beijing (北京), I drove to the Futian Cemetery in Xiangshan (香山福田公墓) and found a solemn white marble tombstone. I found it! It was the tomb of General Wu Shi. The inscription of more than 200 characters outlined Wu Shi's life. I bowed deeply, and a strong impulse surged in my heart: to calm down and write a biography for Wu Shi, to do what a later generation could for the sages and for history.
Wu Shi lived only 57 years, his life forever frozen at 4:30 p.m. on June 10, 1950. On the desolate slopes of the Machangding (马场町) execution grounds in Taipei (台北), Wu Shi was pushed off the prison truck. His public identity was Deputy Chief of Staff of the "Ministry of National Defense" (国防部) of the Taiwan authorities. He tried his best to straighten his back, wanting to take one last look at the world. Because he had suffered severe torture, one eye had lost its sight, and he could only gaze into the distance with his surviving eye. The drizzling rain floated and floated, as if heaven and earth were mourning for him...
Wu Shi was an important provider of high-level Kuomintang military intelligence from the Crossing-the-Yangtze Campaign in the spring of 1949 to the beginning of 1950, and he was an outstanding unsung hero on the hidden front of the Chinese Communist Party (中共). But his achievements were not limited to this. He participated in the full-scale War of Resistance against Japan, offering advice and suggestions for major military operations such as the Third Battle of Changsha (长沙会战) and the Battle of Kunlun Pass (昆仑关战役). However, there are few documented records of his contributions to national independence and liberation, and the historical events to be recounted are decades or even hundreds of years old. There are hundreds of people associated with Wu Shi, and it is very difficult to verify all of this clearly.
For me, portraying a living Wu Shi is a challenge and a transcendence, and the deeper I go, the more I can't stop. This feeling drives me to go around in his world and dig out the moving stories behind it. How did Wu Shi go from being a "top scholar" at a famous school to becoming a Confucian general against the Japanese? How did he send out a large amount of secret intelligence from the heart of the Kuomintang (国民党), contribute to the victory of the War of Liberation, and fight from the mainland to Taiwan? In what context did he write the heroic lines, "I will leave a handful of loyal heart behind, and I can face my father in the afterlife"? In the book, these clues are unfolded one by one, restoring the little-known stories that happened to Wu Shi.
Studying historical materials and analyzing details often makes me applaud. In the revised edition, I added the following story: Wu Shi knew that his life was coming to an end and that he had to say a final farewell to his wife, who was also in prison. Regarding this meeting in prison, Wu Shi's widow, Wang Bikui (王碧奎), wrote in a letter to her son, Wu Shao Cheng (吴韶成), in August 1980: "Your father knew that he would not survive, so he asked the administrator to see me. Your father personally gave his last words: he was most worried about your two siblings on the mainland, and he didn't know if they would be able to graduate from university. He hoped that your two siblings would be able to start a family and a career, and then he would be at ease... I was so sad to hear your father's words. Your father was very brave, only caring about his children and not caring about himself." Holding the letter written stroke by stroke by the old man who had experienced the vicissitudes of life and the separation of life and death, I quickly added it to the book so that more people could see how much an unsung hero loved his small family.
More often, Wu Shi made courageous choices for the "big family" of the people at critical historical moments. In June 1949, Wu Shi met with Wu Zhongxi (吴仲禧), a fellow townsman from Fuzhou (福州) and a secret member of the Chinese Communist Party, for the last time. Wu Shi said that after his term of office in the Fuzhou Pacification Commissioner's Office, he would go to Taiwan. Wu Zhongxi asked him to consider whether he was sure, and if he didn't go, he could stay and go to the Liberated Areas. Wu Shi firmly stated that his determination had been made too late and that he had done too little for the people.
After arriving in Taiwan, He Sui (何遂), who was directly contacted by Wu Shi on behalf of the East China Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party, left Taiwan because his identity was exposed. Wu Shi faced another life choice. To continue to play a role on the hidden front, it was necessary to establish a closer secret connection organizationally, which was undoubtedly a great risk. But Wu Shi chose to risk the axe and put his personal life and death aside. He went to Hong Kong (香港) twice and took the initiative to connect with the underground organization of the Chinese Communist Party stationed in Hong Kong, fully accepting the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. His loyalty, courage, and responsibility are admirable. This choice of "living towards death" is the most touching heroism.
Recently, the line from the TV series "If I go and don't return, then I won't return" has become popular on the Internet. I think this is because the audience is moved by Wu Shi's spirit of willingly entering the tiger's den, and also because today, when we revisit the stories of Wu Shi and other martyrs, we have a few more expectations for returning home for reunion. In fact, if you carefully comb through history, you will find that "Taiwan" weighed heavily in Wu Shi's heart, and his desire to "bring Taiwan home" was very strong. After the full-scale outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, he paid attention to the trends in Taiwan. In August 1940, he published an article in the Dacheng Daily entitled "Review of Japan's Southward Policy" (倭南进政策之检讨), showing his thinking on the Taiwan issue. In early 1944, Wu Shi proposed to convene a symposium in the name of the Fujianese living in Guilin to study the establishment of the "Min-Taiwan Association" (闽台协会) and organize preparations for the recovery of Taiwan. After preparation, the General Association of the Min-Taiwan Association was established in Liuzhou (柳州), Guangxi (广西) in May 1944. After the "February 28th" uprising, in March 1947, he set foot on the island of Taiwan for the first time with the "Comfort Mission," and had a direct and concrete feeling for Taiwan. After returning to the mainland, Wu Shi said to his underground work assistant: "If the progressive forces can send some people to work in Taiwan, this is a good opportunity." Two and a half years later, he set foot on the island of Taiwan again, and finally he could show his skills, but he ended his life with heroic martyrdom, showing his fearless spirit of fighting for the liberation of the people and the unification of the country.
To this day, I still cannot verify whether there was a bright moon accompanying Wu Shi when he was born. But I always feel that Wu Shi is like a cold moon in the sky, its brilliance and charm are long-lasting and deeply rooted in people's hearts.
At this moment, Wu Shi's tomb is full of flowers.
Return to TopBy: 田宏林
The mountains and rivers were shattered, and the land was lost. During the Anti-Japanese War, a large number of cultural and educational institutions retreated to the vast rear areas of the southwest and northwest. In Kunming (昆明), the teachers of the National Southwestern Associated University (西南联大) worked together to cultivate a group of top talents in classrooms with tin roofs. On the other side of the Wumeng Mountains (乌蒙山脉) in Guizhou (贵州), Zhu Kezhen (竺可桢) led Zhejiang University (浙江大学) through five relocations, each time personally inspecting the transfer routes and school sites. In Yan'an (延安), the "Yellow River Cantata" (《黄河大合唱》) was performed for the first time. To enrich the layers of the orchestra's performance, Xian Xinghai (冼星海) used kerosene barrels as bass erhu, and iron spoons, enamel jars, and basins took turns serving as percussion instruments. The impassioned singing spread all the way to the front lines... Zhang Qingguo's (张庆国) "Green Flame" (《绿色的火焰》) is such a non-fiction work set against the backdrop of the rear area of the Anti-Japanese War, panoramically narrating cultural resistance activities.
Faced with such a vast geographical range, such a large number of historical figures and events, the author's first task in seeking a balance between panoramic recording and individualized narration is to make choices. He rigorously selected content from different fields and regions such as architecture, education, literature, drama, publishing, and cultural relic protection as writing objects. By portraying individual experiences and choices, he connected related events and the background of the times from point to surface, allowing the magnificent picture of cultural resistance in the rear area to unfold naturally in respectable and touching character stories.
Thus, we can see Liang Sicheng (梁思成) dragging iron chains alone in the cold wind, climbing the 68-meter spire of the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda (应县木塔) to survey it; see Wang Yunsheng (王芸生), who transformed from a tea shop clerk into a "pen" of the *Ta Kung Pao* (《大公报》), insisting on running the newspaper in a cave; see Liu Zhao (刘钊), the head of Angu Township (安谷乡), who took the initiative to break the silence that no one dared to break when cultural relics from the Palace Museum (故宫) were moved south to Leshan (乐山), vacating local temples and ancestral halls and his own residence for the storage of cultural relics... Nearly a hundred people involved in cultural activities appear in the book, including many unknown ordinary people. In the midst of war and displacement, not knowing when victory would come, they never gave up their responsibilities for a moment.
"Green Flame" constructs the skeleton of the work with a large number of historical facts, and fills the flesh and blood of the work with restrained literary imagination. Through words, it builds a bridge across time, seeking those common memories full of emotion. To this end, the author not only read a large number of historical materials, monographs, biographies and other materials, but also insisted on reaching every place where the story took place. Starting from Wanping City (宛平城), the search of 15 provinces and 25 places slowly unfolded. In more than 100 days of field investigation, he wrote 150,000 words of investigation diaries and sorted out 500,000 words of interview recordings. As he said: Two narrative rivers appear in the text, one is historical events - a wide river of memory; the other is the "I" walking in China - a surging current of reality. These two rivers are intertwined, and the searcher and the parties involved in cultural activities look at each other from afar, not only breaking down the barriers between big history and ordinary readers, but also expanding the narrative space of the work, making the historical depth and the sense of presence in reality complement each other, presenting a richer level and tension.
Looking back at the 14-year Anti-Japanese War, songs continued beside the collapsed ruins, schools were still educating people in the countryside, and newspapers were still being printed continuously in the caves. Persisting and fighting with the determination and courage to overcome all difficulties without being overwhelmed by them is a vivid manifestation of the great spirit of the Anti-Japanese War. In those days, students from the National Southwestern Associated University (西南联大) split into several groups to go to Kunming (昆明), and some of them formed the most arduous walking group, and the poet Mu Dan (穆旦) was one of them. He wrote the poem "Spring" on the way, "The green flame is swaying on the grass, it is eager to embrace you, flowers", the title of this book "Green Flame" comes from this. In those difficult years, the fire of Chinese civilization burned and bloomed in another form, always hot and always full of deep affection.
Return to TopBy: 许道军
"The Case Closed: A Detective's Notes on Solving a 23-Year-Old Cold Case" (《归案：二十三年悬案侦破笔记》), the latest work by criminal police writer Wan An (万安), tells the story of a criminal police officer who, after losing his qualifications to solve cases, organizes an unofficial team and finally catches the murderer after 23 years. The novel rose to the top of the WeChat Read (微信读书) reading list on its first day of release, with nearly 40,000 people following it. As a genre novel, "The Case Closed" is logically rigorous, dramatically strong, and has a tense and tortuous plot. While bringing reading pleasure, it breaks through the general conventions of detective novels through atypical hero shaping and storytelling methods, enhancing the work's appeal and realistic depth.
Compared to "predecessors" such as Di Renjie (狄仁杰) and Sherlock Holmes, the novel's protagonist, Ke Wei (柯伟), cannot be described as resourceful or invincible. 23 years ago, the murder suspect escaped before his eyes. When he led a team to the Northeast to hunt down the murderer, he suffered repeated failures. Two comrades-in-arms unfortunately sacrificed themselves, his wife left him, and his adopted son and daughter were constantly in trouble. 23 years later, the former victim reappears, and when he wants to "avenge his shame," he finds that he has lost his qualifications to solve cases and can only form his own unofficial team for tracking and investigation. When he finally corners the murderer in the room, he is almost killed due to his old age and weakness. But like Cheng Bing (程兵) in the movie "The Third Team" (三大队), Ke Wei is still a hero. For 23 years, he has been 痴心不改 (chī xīn bù gǎi - "unchanged infatuation," to remain stubbornly devoted) and enduring humiliation, just to fulfill the original intention of the people's police and seek justice for the victims and himself. When he stood up from the pool of blood, his "old and frail" body radiated light.
"Must solve" is a genre convention of detective novels, but for "why must solve," most novels attribute it to the protagonist's miraculous wisdom. No matter how cunning the murderer is, the protagonist can resolve them one by one with powerful reasoning, but the way to solve the case in "The Case Closed" returns to the daily routine of criminal investigation, providing an "alternative" but more realistic and in-depth answer. In the novel, the key to solving the Donghai (东海) murder case lies in the criminal investigators' persistent adherence to their duties. Human life is of paramount importance, good and evil are rewarded, and the murderer must be brought to justice. The belief in their hearts makes them unafraid of difficulties and never give up. One question, two answers, "The Case Closed" highlights the way of criminal investigation in reality through telling an atypical detective story - determination and will are always the most critical factors in solving a case.
As a work created by a real criminal police officer and based on real cases, "The Case Closed" writes about the real characteristics of the industry and the real human nature. The novel uses vivid and rich details to reveal a large number of real industry experiences, such as the application of criminal investigation technology and the deployment of informants, which is full of "decryption" meaning and satisfies readers' curiosity. On top of solid storytelling, the work attempts to explore the real human nature behind criminal psychology. For example, Bai Xiaolian's (白小莲) criminal behavior has gone through a process from fear to complicity in evil. She is a victim who, out of survival instinct, becomes Wang Meng's (王猛) accomplice, but when Ke Wei's life is on the line, she vents her anger and becomes the biggest turning point in "The Case Closed." Such character shaping is based on the author's long-term real observations in the front line of criminal investigation, and also avoids the problem of flattening the villains in detective novels. This allows readers to not only gain the "refreshing feeling" of upholding justice from the novel, but also gain deeper thinking.
The detective genre novel has a long history and is often written and new. The highlight of "The Case Closed" is not only the contest of wisdom, but also the adherence to the duty of "I am a criminal police officer." The popularity of "The Case Closed" also shows that in the short video era, readers' demand for genre literature is still strong, which will encourage creators to continue to offer new works.
(The author is a professor in the Chinese Department of Shanghai University (上海大学)).
Return to TopBy: 王国平
During the Warring States period, Li Bing (李冰), the governor of the Shu Commandery (蜀郡) of the Qin State (秦国), led the people to build the unparalleled water conservancy project Dujiangyan (都江堰), benefiting the people of that time and future generations. For more than 2000 years, generations of Shu people have kept this in mind.
In the summer of 1996, I came to work in Dujiangyan (都江堰), and the mighty Dujiangyan water has continuously nourished me. I always wanted to do something for Li Bing (李冰), so I began to plan to write a biography of Li Bing (李冰), so that today's readers can see a vivid and three-dimensional Li Bing (李冰). Unexpectedly, writing a biography for Li Bing (李冰) would be so difficult.
Regarding Li Bing (李冰), the historical records are vague. The earliest record of Li Bing's (李冰) deeds is Sima Qian (司马迁). The *Records of the Grand Historian: Treatise on Rivers and Canals* (*史记·河渠书*) states: "The governor of Shu, Bing (冰), dug the Li Dui (离碓), eliminated the harm of the Mo River (沫水), and dug two rivers in Chengdu (成都). These canals can all be navigated by boats. If there is a surplus, it can be used for irrigation, and the people enjoy its benefits. Wherever it passes, the water is often diverted to irrigate the fields, numbering in the trillions, but it is impossible to count them all." In this record, the governor of Shu Commandery (蜀郡) has a title but no surname. It was not until Ban Gu (班固) wrote the *Book of Han: Treatise on Ditches and Canals* (*汉书·沟洫志*) that the character "Li" (李) was added before the character "Bing" (冰), and this water manager who shone through the ages had a complete name. However, history still leaves many mysteries: When was Li Bing (李冰) born, when did he die, where was his ancestral home, when did he take office in Shu Commandery (蜀郡), and had he ever been to the Min River (岷江), etc. With so many questions, I began a long field investigation.
For more than 10 years, I have repeatedly taken Dujiangyan (都江堰) as the center, looking for Li Bing's (李冰) figure wading through mountains and rivers and investigating hydrology, and went deep into the fertile fields of 8 cities and 41 counties (cities, districts) in the Dujiangyan Irrigation Area (都江堰灌区), hoping to find traces of Li Bing's (李冰) **殚精竭虑** (dān jīng jié lǜ - "exhausting mind and energy," to rack one's brains; to spare no effort) and benefiting the people in the watermarks that have been flowing silently for more than 2000 years.
As the visits and investigations deepened, I was surprised to find that the "Li Bing" (李冰) I was so eager to write about was both one person and a group of people.
In the more than 2000 years before Li Bing's (李冰) arrival, Dayu (大禹), Cancong (蚕丛), Boguan (柏灌), Yu Fu (鱼凫), Du Yu (杜宇), and Bie Ling (鳖灵) had already begun to explore, develop, and manage the Min River (岷江). After Li Bing (李冰) became the governor of Shu (蜀), based on summarizing the experience of his predecessors, he creatively completed the Dujiangyan (都江堰) project through scientific site selection, planning, and construction, making the Chengdu Plain (成都平原), which was originally prone to drought and flood, into the "Land of Abundance" (**天府之国**) (tiān fǔ zhī guó - "heavenly prefecture country," a land of plenty; fertile region) where "water and drought are controlled by people, there is no hunger, and there are no famine years."
In the more than 2000 years after Li Bing (李冰) built the dam, it was the water managers and millions of people of all dynasties who continued to maintain, repair, and expand Dujiangyan (都江堰), enabling it to achieve "ultra-long standby" and continue to exert its benefits. It is precisely because of the efforts of these later generations of "Li Bing" (李冰) that the "Land of Abundance" (**天府之国**) (tiān fǔ zhī guó - "heavenly prefecture country," a land of plenty; fertile region) has continued to be prosperous and prosperous to this day.
What is especially worth writing about is the "contemporary Li Bing" (李冰). After 1949, the Dujiangyan (都江堰) water conservancy workers carried forward the "Li Bing Spirit" (李冰精神), strived to be the Yan workers of the times, and used modern technology to reinforce the Fish Mouth (鱼嘴), Flying Sand Weir (飞沙堰), and Precious Bottle Mouth (宝瓶口); implemented "garden-style transformation" of the canal system; installed control gates in some river channels; expanded and built the People's Canal (人民渠), Dongfeng Canal (东风渠), and Muma Mountain Main Canal (牧马山干渠), etc., and dredged and expanded the Sanhe Weir (三合堰), Tongji Weir (通济堰), and Zhu Li Huo Weir (朱李火堰), etc. Now, Dujiangyan (都江堰) has moved to a new stage from "water management" to "smart water." The digital twin irrigation area construction that is underway is building a "smart water network," allowing this ancient dam, which is more than 2000 years old, to regain its vitality and vitality.
It is precisely because of the continuous efforts of "Li Bing" (李冰) on different timelines that Dujiangyan (都江堰) has continued to grow. At the beginning of its creation, the irrigation area was about 1 million mu, and in 2025 it will expand to 11.647 million mu, becoming an extra-large comprehensive water conservancy project system that combines diversion and storage and is fully equipped. Today, the Dujiangyan Irrigation Area (都江堰灌区) contributes nearly half of the province's gross regional product with less than 1/20 of the land area of Sichuan Province (四川省).
In the end, I gave up the idea of writing a biography for Li Bing (李冰) of the Warring States period alone. The words presented in my writing are both a biography of one person and a story of a group of people. I believe that in the near future, someone will continue to write the biography of Li Bing (李冰) and tell the story of the "new Li Bing" (李冰).
Return to TopBy: 张建云
On the vast blue planet, every lake is a bright eye of the earth. They are accustomed to seeing the distant memories and endless reveries of human civilization, serving as "eyes of observation." As an important part of the Earth's surface ecosystem, they are also "eyes of care," regulating climate, maintaining biodiversity, and promoting regional economic development. In the face of global climate change and increasingly strained water resources, these bright eyes of the earth hold answers about how to protect the environment and achieve sustainable development.
The propagation and development of the Chinese nation, and the accumulation of its civilization, are inseparable from the lakes that ripple across this land. In the Chinese language, "湖 (hú) - lake" is usually used as a body of accumulated water that is enclosed. Under this general term, many different nouns are derived to refer to lakes of different forms: a small puddle is called "洼 (wā)," a large puddle is called "池 (chí)," a deep and large one is "渊 (yuān)," a deep but small one is "潭 (tán)," a wide and shallow one is "淀 (diàn)," lakes connected to each other become "泊 (bó)," and "泊 (bó)" connected to each other become "泽 (zé)"... Such numerous names demonstrate the importance of "湖 (hú)" in the production, life, and cultural habits of the Chinese people. Language is the carrier of thought and a reflection of how the people of a land have viewed nature for thousands of years. Therefore, this is a grand book that uses the unique civilized texture and literary charm of the Chinese language to analyze scientific knowledge related to lakes and tell the story of Chinese nature.
This book selects 100 different types of lakes in China. From the holy snow-capped lakes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) to the wetland pearls of the Northeast Plain (东北平原), from the green waves of the Jiangnan (江南) water towns to the oases of the Northwest Desert (西北大漠), more than a hundred photographers have turned their attention to the north and south of the Yangtze River (长江) and Yellow River (黄河), forming a magnificent "Chinese Lake Portrait" with the most beautiful "lake scenery" in their lenses. The 100 carefully crafted lake models in the book accurately reflect the objective form of each lake, allowing readers to discover that the existence of lakes itself is of aesthetic value. Hand-drawn biological atlases not only showcase the diverse biological communities that have arisen because of the lakes, reflecting a deep concern for the ecological environment, but also represent a deep and respectful gaze at the Chinese lakes that protect countless creatures. The artificial lakes selected in the book, accompanied by sketches of the dam bodies, are a tribute to China's water conservancy projects that transform nature, utilize nature, and benefit the people.
The lake light patterns between each chapter are specially drawn for this book by digital artists. These contemporary works completed with new technologies, combined with five traditional Chinese colors—"turquoise," "emerald," "French blue," "moon white," and "azure"—form a natural division of the five chapters with an elegant color scheme reminiscent of green landscape paintings. All the binding details, together with the poems and calligraphy inscriptions about lakes in the book, echo the shimmering lake light on the cover, completing an ancient and modern dialogue between Chinese lakes and the Chinese people.
These specific forms that match the content systematically organize the geographical distribution, morphological causes, ecological environment, historical culture, and other knowledge behind the 100 lakes, opening a window for readers to "see China in the lake light." On this great land, large lakes welcome and send off great rivers, and small lakes also watch over fledgling birds and new branches. Along the long coastline, lakes and seas coexist; in the hinterland of the desert, lakes accumulate and springs gush forth; the lakes of ancient cities flow out of streets and alleys, and literary works, recording 柔贤慈惠 (róu xián cí huì - "gentle, virtuous, kind, and benevolent," describing someone as gentle, virtuous, kind, and benevolent) and 义薄云天 (yì bó yún tiān - "righteousness reaching the clouds," describes someone who is extremely righteous); the lakes of cities reflect neon lights and wheels, stirring up the waves of struggle and washing away the dust of rushing about; after the dam, the lake is the rhythm of irrigation and navigation; in the no-man's land, the lake is a home for birds and animals that are not disturbed; in the arms of islands, the lake is a treasure held up by coral; on the top of snow peaks, the lake is a message left by glaciers...
This is China in the lake light, waiting for you to follow the light and open the book to view the lakes.
(The author is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (中国工程院) and the dean of the Yangtze River Protection and Green Development Research Institute (长江保护与绿色发展研究院). This article is the preface to the book "Lakes of China" (《湖泊中国》), which has been abridged in this edition, and the title has been added by the editor.)
Return to TopThis edition's email: dushu@peopledaily.cn
Layout design: Shen Yiling (沈亦伶)
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