People's Daily - February 27, 2026

Members of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee, Secretaries of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, Members of the Party Leadership Groups of the National People's Congress Standing Committee, the State Council, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Supreme People's Court, and the Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate Report to the Party Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping

This year marks the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the first year of the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan." It is essential to adhere to Xi Jinping (习近平)'s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly implement the deployments of the Fourth Plenary Session, strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards." We must always maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee in thought, politics, and action, enhance our sense of political responsibility and historical mission, and translate the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee into concrete actions. We must proactively take responsibility within our respective areas of responsibility, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, fully and accurately implement the new development philosophy, solidly promote high-quality development, better coordinate development and security, continuously ensure and improve people's livelihoods, maintain social harmony and stability, and promote a good start to the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan." We must strictly implement the Central Eight-Point Regulation and its implementation details, always maintain a clear mind, cherish virtue and self-respect, and set an example in faith, pragmatism, responsibility, and self-discipline. We must take the lead in establishing and practicing a correct view of performance, adhere to starting from reality and acting according to the rules, and strive to achieve political achievements for the people and achieve political achievements through hard work. We must earnestly fulfill our political responsibility for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, promote the integrated advancement of "not daring to be corrupt, not being able to be corrupt, and not wanting to be corrupt," and promote the creation of a clean and upright political ecology.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), February 26th. According to relevant regulations of the Party Central Committee, members of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, secretaries of the Secretariat, members of the Party Group of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会), the State Council (国务院), and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (全国政协), and secretaries of the Party Group of the Supreme People's Court (最高人民法院) and the Supreme People's Procuratorate (最高人民检察院) recently submitted written reports to the Party Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) on their work for 2025. Xi Jinping (习近平) reviewed the reports and put forward important requirements.

Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized that this year marks the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the first year of the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan." It is essential to adhere to Xi Jinping (习近平)'s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly implement the deployments of the Fourth Plenary Session, strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards." We must always maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee in thought, politics, and action, enhance our sense of political responsibility and historical mission, and translate the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee into concrete actions. We must proactively take responsibility within our respective areas of responsibility, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, fully and accurately implement the new development philosophy, solidly promote high-quality development, better coordinate development and security, continuously ensure and improve people's livelihoods, maintain social harmony and stability, and promote a good start to the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan." We must strictly implement the Central Eight-Point Regulation and its implementation details, always maintain a clear mind, cherish virtue and self-respect, and set an example in faith, pragmatism, responsibility, and self-discipline. We must take the lead in establishing and practicing a correct view of performance, adhere to starting from reality and acting according to the rules, and strive to achieve political achievements for the people and achieve political achievements through hard work. We must earnestly fulfill our political responsibility for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, promote the integrated advancement of "not daring to be corrupt, not being able to be corrupt, and not wanting to be corrupt," and promote the creation of a **风清气正** (fēng qīng qì zhèng - "clean wind, upright atmosphere," describes a healthy and honest environment, especially in politics) political ecology.

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Achieving political achievements for the people; achieving political achievements through hard work.

By: 本报记者 张 洋

The view of achievements is linked to the view of development. Whether the view of achievements is correct determines the effectiveness and even the success or failure of development.

This year is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." How to make a good start and take a good first step? How to move forward step by step to ensure decisive progress in basically achieving socialist modernization?

On January 20, the seminar for leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial level to study and implement the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China opened. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) earnestly warned: "We must establish and practice a correct view of achievements, adhere to starting from reality and acting in accordance with the laws, and consciously create achievements for the people and with practical work."

This is a clear expression of the Marxist position, viewpoint, and method, and a fundamental guideline for the future journey. The Party Central Committee has decided to carry out study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of achievements throughout the Party. This is an important task of Party building this year. Understanding its principles and following its path will enable us to move forward courageously and steadily.

Position

"The people's yearning for a better life is our goal."

For whom should achievements be made?

The answer is not abstract. It is written in President Xi Jinping's (习近平) New Year's message for 2026: "Firewood, rice, oil, salt, three meals a day, and four seasons, every 'small family' is full of vitality, and China, this 'big family,' will thrive."

In a word, simple and warm, placing "the people" at the center of the era's narrative.

The people's nature is the essential attribute of Marxism, and the people's position is the fundamental position of Marxism. The Communist Party of China comes from the people and is rooted in the people. Apart from the interests of the country, the nation, and the people, it has no special interests of its own. From its birth, it has established serving the Chinese people's happiness and the Chinese nation's rejuvenation as its original aspiration and mission.

For more than 100 years, practicing the original aspiration and undertaking the mission, the great spirit of Party building has been integrated into the Party's spiritual bloodline, running through the Party's struggle history, nourishing and inspiring generations of Communists.

"I am the son of the Loess Plateau."

More than half a century ago, Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) came to Liangjiahe (梁家河) Village, Yanchuan (延川) County, Shaanxi (陕西) Province, to work as an educated youth, eating, living, and working with the villagers. During the seven years, when he left, he already had a firm life goal and was full of confidence. He later wrote affectionately: "As a public servant of the people, the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi is my root, because it has cultivated my unchanging belief: to do practical things for the people!"

"To do practical things for the people" - this sentence, as simple as the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, is the most solid foundation for the view of achievements.

Zhengding (正定) is where Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) started his political career. In those years, Zhengding (正定) handed over 76 million jin of grain to the state every year, and was an advanced county in "learning from Dazhai (大寨) in agriculture." However, the more grain was handed over, the lower the income of the masses. Zhengding (正定) was actually a "high-yield poor county."

He conducted in-depth research and pondered repeatedly: "What is a 'good county'?"

In the end, Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) insisted on thinking about problems from the people's standpoint, reflecting the situation to higher authorities, and striving for policy support. The county's grain purchase task was reduced by 28 million jin, and the planting structure was adjusted. The "one reduction and one addition" doubled the income of farmers, and their lives truly improved.

Serving as an official for a term, benefiting one side. Since then, in Fujian (福建), he emphasized "remembering the word 'people' in front of the government"; in Zhejiang (浙江), he wrote "Do not be an 'official' if you do not have the people in your heart"; in Shanghai (上海), he visited various districts and counties, and Party building and people's livelihood were always the two major concerns. Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) said, "I am more concerned about the quality of life of the people and how the principle of putting the people first is implemented after I came to Shanghai (上海)."

The view of achievements, in the final analysis, is a matter of position: "for whom, relying on whom, and who am I."

A poem, "Nian Nu Jiao - Remembering Jiao Yulu (焦裕禄)," has been widely circulated to this day, "Who among the people does not love a good official? Tears turn Jiao Tong (焦桐) into rain," expressing the immeasurable weight of the deep affection between the fish and water; and the folk saying - "If an official does not serve the people, it is better to go home and sell sweet potatoes" - is like a warning bell, often ringing in the hearts of the majority of Party members and cadres.

The people's heart is the greatest politics. Only by placing the people in the highest position can all struggles be meaningful and all achievements have value.

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "The effectiveness of all our work must ultimately be judged by whether the people have truly benefited, whether the people's lives have truly improved, and whether the people's rights and interests have truly been guaranteed."

Since the new era, children have access to education, students have access to teaching, workers have access to employment, patients have access to medical care, the elderly have access to care, residents have access to housing, and the vulnerable have access to assistance... Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, we have been doing one thing after another, year after year. All the original ideas, transformative practices, breakthrough progress, and landmark achievements we have achieved shine with a glorious starting point - for the people.

To this day, a dialogue still conveys a penetrating power.

On November 3, 2013, in Shibadong (十八洞) Village, Huayuan (花垣) County, Hunan (湖南) Province, a villager asked: "What is your name?"

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) replied with a smile: "I am a servant of the people."

This is not only a cordial self-introduction, but also a model for all Party comrades and a solemn commitment to the people of all ethnic groups in the country.

Chinese-style modernization puts the people's livelihood first. On the new journey, that oath must never be forgotten -

"The people's yearning for a better life is our goal."

Viewpoint

"Adhere to starting from reality and acting in accordance with the laws."

In the "first lesson" of the opening year, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) particularly emphasized a word - "compatibility":

"'The 15th Five-Year Plan' has just begun, and everyone is planning to promote it. We should pay attention to calculating the input-output account, improve compatibility, and neither ignore shortcomings nor be too advanced, causing waste."

Compatibility is a perspective in economic law, and it is also a measure of "what kind of achievements to make." Whether the view of achievements is correct can be clearly measured with this yardstick.

Looking back on the past, the lessons are still there. Some localities and departments are fond of boasting, greedy for greatness, blindly following the trend, and being flashy but not practical, creating "achievement projects" and "image projects," which often leave behind a "mess." This seriously undermines the confidence of cadres and the masses, and even delays valuable development opportunities.

Currently, "new quality productive forces" have become a hot topic in development. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) instructed: "Are new quality productive forces equal to emerging industries? Upgrading traditional industries can also develop new quality productive forces. We cannot just stare at the 'new three items,' and we cannot start and disperse in a rush. We must adapt to local conditions and have our own characteristics." This important discussion also speaks to "compatibility."

Compatibility is essentially seeking truth from facts.

This is the fundamental viewpoint of Marxism, the fundamental requirement for Chinese Communists to understand and transform the world, and the basic ideological method, working method, and leadership method of our Party. "Adhering to starting from reality and acting in accordance with the laws" is the only way to be responsible to the people and to the cause, and to create achievements that can stand the test of history, the people, and practice.

To achieve seeking truth from facts, we cannot do without investigation and research, a basic skill.

How did Zhengding's (正定) economy take off? In the 1980s, Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) thought: We need to find a new path.

He invited experts in and took cadres out. The county formed 11 special groups, which spent 3 months conducting a comprehensive and in-depth investigation and analysis of the current situation and prospects of the county's commodity economy. In the end, he creatively proposed a new path for economic development of the "semi-suburban type."

This path accurately matched Zhengding's (正定) location characteristics adjacent to Shijiazhuang (石家庄), serving the city and "taking money from the city's pocket," developing itself in service, and successfully "turning over" Zhengding (正定).

This path is not a model copied from textbooks, but a path pieced together after stepping into the soil and laying out the advantages and disadvantages.

The more great the cause, the more we must adhere to seeking truth from facts.

Since the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has coordinated the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the major changes in the world unseen in a century, and made a series of major decisions and deployments, all of which contain the superb wisdom of "adhering to starting from reality and acting in accordance with the laws."

From a temporal perspective, the stage of development has changed.

China's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, from "whether there is" to "whether it is good." General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) has repeatedly warned, "We can no longer simply judge heroes by the growth rate of GDP" "The new development concept is the command stick and the traffic light"...

During the 2023 National People's Congress, a National People's Congress representative mentioned the Xiangshui (响水) accident, "At that time, GDP went up, but it laid the root for a catastrophic event many years later."

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) instructed: "At no time can we take the path of quick success, draining the pond to catch the fish, and GDP only. That's why we must establish a new development concept."

From a spatial perspective, the situation varies from place to place.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) footprints have spread all over the country, directing and diagnosing the development of various places. Taking 2025 as an example, in Yunnan (云南), it is clear that "we must unswervingly take the road of ecological priority and green development, and build a solid ecological security barrier in southwest China"; in Shanghai (上海), it is required to "strive to be at the forefront in all aspects of artificial intelligence development and governance, and produce a demonstration effect"; in Shanxi (山西), it is emphasized that "we must further unify our thinking, maintain our determination, and steadily and orderly promote transformation and development"... "One key opens one lock," which is both the ingenuity of governance and the wisdom of the view of achievements.

"Our feet must be on the ground. There are inherent laws in everything we do."

Studying the "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal, from the main goals in 7 aspects to the 12 strategic tasks, every word and sentence is the era's answer to "what kind of achievements to create."

For leading bodies at all levels and the majority of Party members and cadres, the key is to get the ideological methods right, consider themselves in the overall situation, understand the actual situation, adapt to local conditions, make scientific decisions, and embark on a path of high-quality development that suits the actual situation of the region and department.

Method

"Be a firm actionist and pragmatist in building Chinese-style modernization."

"The leading bodies of provinces, cities, counties, and townships will be re-elected one after another, and emphasizing the view of achievements is also very targeted." At the "first lesson" of the opening year, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) stated another far-reaching consideration for establishing and practicing a correct view of achievements.

During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors increase. The more complex the situation, the more we must calm down and work hard. The more it is time for re-election, the more we must curb the impulse for achievements.

It is said that "a new official takes office with three fires." In those years, not long after Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) came to work in Zhejiang (浙江), someone asked him to talk about his "governance program." He said with a smile: "I just came here and have no right to speak yet. When the time comes, I will speak."

When is "when the time comes"? If you don't start the "fire" earlier, how can you make achievements? With a series of questions, everyone was waiting to see.

Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) was really not in a hurry to "light the fire." He insisted on starting with research, going to the grassroots level non-stop, visiting farmers' homes, going to islands, and entering enterprises. Finally, in the tenth month of his tenure in Zhejiang (浙江), Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) officially revealed his "top-level design" - the "Eight-Eight Strategy."

Doing practical work, understanding the real situation, and seeking practical results, the first step is solid, and then every step can be steady. It is precisely because of this that the land of Zhejiang (浙江) has the tenacity to "draw a blueprint to the end" and continue to work from one term to the next.

How to create achievements? The key is to rely on hard work. This is the most simple methodology and the only way to achieve success.

Comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the nation with Chinese-style modernization is the central task of the Party and the country on the new journey in the new era. At the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) earnestly instructed: "When a new team comes up, we must pay attention and not have the impulse to do things quickly and on a large scale, that is, we cannot act against the laws, seek quick success and instant benefits, and rush to make achievements. We must suppress this impetuous psychology and impetuous mentality, and carry out modernization construction in a down-to-earth and steadfast manner."

Down-to-earth and steadfast, the words are still in our ears, and they are thought-provoking.

Since the new era, whether it is winning the battle against poverty, building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, or overcoming one "bottleneck" key core technology after another, accelerating the promotion of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, whether it is making the sky bluer, the water clearer, and the air fresher, or curbing some unhealthy trends that have not been curbed for a long time, and correcting some stubborn diseases that have not been eliminated for many years, every item is done in a solid and practical manner.

At the end of 2025, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a democratic life meeting. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) profoundly pointed out: "Communists are materialists, and pragmatism is an essential quality. We must seek truth from facts, be pragmatic, and work hard."

Highlighting the word "practical" means avoiding "emptiness" and resolutely opposing formalism and "face-saving projects."

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized, "Grasp the implementation of work with the spirit of nailing nails" "Put the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee into practice with creative work" "Pursue real and substantial growth without moisture"...

Not long ago, a public notice triggered an alert: Haicheng (海城) City, Anshan (鞍山) City, Liaoning (辽宁) Province, spent a large amount of money to purchase consulting services from a "top 100 county" list evaluation agency, which helped it achieve a ranking increase.

Falsification is not allowed, and formalism is not allowed. "The essence of formalism is subjectivism and utilitarianism. The root cause is the misplaced view of achievements and the lack of a sense of responsibility. It replaces solid implementation with a vigorous form, and covers up contradictions and problems with a bright and beautiful appearance."

Another inherent requirement of "practicality" is "achieving success does not necessarily require me, but achieving success definitely requires me." This is not a slogan, but the realm and pattern that Communists should have, and it is the extension of methodology on the time scale.

"The view of achievements is not only reflected in grasping development, but also in benefiting the people's livelihood and ensuring stability; it is not only reflected in the immediate and effective achievements, but also in the potential achievements that lay the foundation, increase momentum, and benefit the long term; it is not only reflected in solving current contradictions, but also in solving historical problems";

"Do not engage in achievement projects that seek quick success and instant benefits, and do more things that benefit the present, benefit the future, and benefit future generations";

"Do more big calculations and big accounts, do less small calculations and small accounts, and be good at integrating the work of regions and departments into the overall chess game of the Party and the country, so as to not only win glory for one region, but also add color to the overall situation";

…………

Achieving socialist modernization is a historical process of step-by-step progress and continuous development, which requires unremitting efforts and continuous struggle.

Treating the past, new officials should sort out old accounts; facing the future, be willing to "plant trees" and "pave roads"; focusing on the overall situation, establish a "one game of chess" consciousness... Everyone must run their own "relay race" well and "be a firm actionist and pragmatist in building Chinese-style modernization."

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What is the correct view of achievements? What is the wrong view of achievements?

An important difference between the two lies in whether they can adhere to and apply the Marxist position, viewpoint, and method.

At the opening ceremony of the training class for young and middle-aged cadres at the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) in the spring semester of 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) profoundly pointed out: "Party spirit plays a decisive role in establishing and practicing a correct view of achievements."

Party spirit is the cornerstone for Party members and cadres to establish themselves, their careers, their words, and their morals. Only with a strong Party spirit and abandoning selfish thoughts can we ensure that we accurately and consciously apply the Marxist position, viewpoint, and method in practice, and can we ensure that the view of achievements does not deviate. Localism, fondness for boasting, falsification, shirking responsibility... Several manifestations of the misplaced view of achievements, in the final analysis, are deviations in understanding, and the root lies in deviating from Party spirit, losing the purpose, and abandoning faith.
Party spirit is the cornerstone for party members and cadres to establish themselves, their careers, their words, and their virtues. Only with a strong party spirit and the abandonment of selfish thoughts and distractions can we ensure the accurate and conscious application of Marxist positions, viewpoints, and methods in practice, and ensure that our views on achievements do not deviate. Localism, being fond of greatness and eager for success, 弄虚作假 (nòng xū zuò jiǎ - "practice falsehood make fake," to practice fraud; to resort to deception), shirking responsibility... these manifestations of distorted views on achievements are, in the final analysis, deviations in understanding, rooted in the abandonment of party spirit, the loss of purpose, and the abandonment of faith.

Political steadfastness and steadfastness in party spirit are inseparable from theoretical steadfastness. The Party's innovative theories are a treasure trove of thought, containing both ideological weapons for transforming the subjective world and scientific methods for transforming the objective world. Leading bodies at all levels and the vast number of party members and cadres must unremittingly use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想) to strengthen their souls, promote learning, investigation, and rectification in an integrated manner, and effectively transform the results of learning into a powerful force for firming ideals, tempering party spirit, guiding practice, and promoting work.

Grasping implementation is an important symbol for measuring the party spirit and performance of leading cadres.

Striving forward in the "15th Five-Year Plan," leading bodies at all levels and the vast number of party members and cadres firmly support the "Two Establishments" and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," establish and practice a correct view of achievements, and implement policies without discount, which will surely continue to create a new situation in Chinese-style modernization.

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The 21st Meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee Concludes in Beijing

This newspaper reported from Beijing on February 26th (Reporter Peng Bo) The 21st session of the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee concluded at the Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂) in Beijing (北京) on the afternoon of the 26th. The meeting voted to remove Wang Xiangxi (王祥喜) from his position as Minister of Emergency Management. President Xi Jinping (习近平) signed Presidential Decree No. 69. Chairman Zhao Leji (赵乐际) presided over the closing meeting.

155 members of the Standing Committee attended the meeting, meeting the quorum.

The meeting approved in principle the draft work report of the NPC Standing Committee. The Chairman's Council suggested entrusting Chairman Zhao Leji (赵乐际) to report on the work of the Standing Committee to the fourth session of the 14th NPC.

The meeting approved in principle the draft report of the NPC Standing Committee on the work related to the review of laws and the proposed handling of relevant laws and decisions. The Chairman's Council suggested that the fourth session of the 14th NPC review the report in writing.

The meeting voted and approved the report of the Credentials Committee of the NPC Standing Committee on the qualifications of individual deputies.

The meeting voted to remove Jiang Chenghua (蒋成华) from his position as a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the NPC; and appointed Yang Heqing (杨合庆) as Deputy Director of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee.

The meeting voted to remove Liu Shaoyun (刘少云) from his position as President of the Military Court of the People's Liberation Army of China (中国人民解放军).

The meeting also voted and approved other appointment and removal proposals.

The meeting voted and approved the draft agenda of the fourth session of the 14th NPC, the draft list of the presidium and secretary-general, and decided to submit them to the preparatory meeting of the fourth session of the 14th NPC for deliberation; it also voted and approved the list of attendees at the fourth session of the 14th NPC.

Vice Chairpersons of the NPC Standing Committee Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Wang Dongming (王东明), Xiao Jie (肖捷), Zheng Jianbang (郑建邦), Ding Zhongli (丁仲礼), Cai Dafeng (蔡达峰), He Wei (何维), Wu Weihua (武维华), Tie Ning (铁凝), Peng Qinghua (彭清华), Zhang Qingwei (张庆伟), Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), and Shohrat Zakir (雪克来提·扎克尔), and Secretary-General Liu Qi (刘奇) attended the meeting.

Vice Premier of the State Council He Lifeng (何立峰), President of the Supreme People's Court Zhang Jun (张军), Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate Ying Yong (应勇), responsible comrades of the National Supervisory Commission (国家监察委员会), members of the special committees of the NPC, responsible comrades of the standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, principal responsible comrades of the standing committees of some sub-provincial cities, and responsible comrades of relevant departments attended the meeting as observers.

After the closing meeting, the 21st special lecture of the 14th NPC Standing Committee was held, presided over by Chairman Zhao Leji (赵乐际). Zhang Wenxian (张文显), Senior Professor of Philosophy and Social Sciences at Jilin University (吉林大学) and President of the China Law Society Legal Education Research Association, gave a lecture entitled "In-depth Study and Implementation of Xi Jinping's Thought on the Rule of Law."

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Making farmers' lives richer and better.

By: 本报记者

The journey of Chinese-style modernization crosses one mountain after another.

There is the human miracle of escaping poverty. On February 25, 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) solemnly declared: "China's battle against poverty has achieved a complete victory, and all 98.99 million rural poor people under the current standards have been lifted out of poverty." The problem of absolute poverty that has plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years has been historically resolved.

There is the continued progress of consolidation and expansion. "The bottom line of poverty alleviation must be as solid as a rock" and "Let farmers live a richer and better life," solemn promises, each word carrying immense weight. The Party Central Committee established a 5-year transition period to support and guide poverty-stricken areas and people.

In these 5 years, the whole country has worked together with one heart and mind, overcoming difficulties and challenges, successfully completing the goals and tasks of the transition period, and firmly guarding the bottom line of preventing large-scale return to poverty. Getting rid of absolute poverty and continuously consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation are extremely extraordinary and extremely difficult. Poverty reduction governance in the new era has become a vivid practice of China's governance.

From 8 years of hard work and 5 years of consolidation, to normalized precise assistance and comprehensive rural revitalization, time has etched the footprints of struggle. In the "historical process of step-by-step progression and continuous development and progress," one journey after another, the steps are solid.

13 Years of Struggle

"A poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics has been forged, and an anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics has been formed."

The changes in mountain villages start with roads.

Deep in the Taihang Mountains, Luotuowan Village (骆驼湾村), Fuping County (阜平县), Hebei (河北), smooth roads meander along the mountains, connecting the small mountain village to the transportation network.

Each road is a road to poverty alleviation and development. During the Spring Festival holiday, the small mountain village is very lively. Bai Long (白龙), a homestay operator, broadcasts live while walking, "We have scenery in all four seasons, you can stay and play, and there are many tourists visiting our village."

"The village has built new homestays, snack streets, and New Year picture halls, and 80% of the villagers are making a living from tourism," said Gu Ruili (顾瑞利), the village Party branch secretary, counting the village's happy events.

The former Luotuowan Village, "nine mountains, half water, half field, it is difficult to make money in the cracks of the rocks," the road into the village was a bumpy dirt road.

At the end of 2012, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) came to Luotuowan Village to visit the poor in the snow, chatting with the villagers about their daily lives, calculating their income and expenses, and discussing ways to get rid of poverty and become rich together.

"How to support and help them live a good life is a question I often think about." "There will be no comprehensive well-off society without a well-off rural area, especially without a well-off poverty-stricken area." The call to action for poverty alleviation in the new era was sounded here.

Walking and thinking along the way, from winning the battle against poverty to establishing a 5-year transition period, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) personally commanded and personally deployed. "Poverty alleviation has always been an important part of my work, and I have spent the most energy on it." "Poverty alleviation is the most important thing in my heart," each "most" word contains the people's leader's heart of a child towards the people.

From getting rid of poverty to consolidating the results, various regions have focused on monitoring, and implemented industrial and employment assistance. The responsibility system, policy system, and work system are effectively connected, making the achievements of poverty alleviation more substantial and sustainable. The practice of poverty reduction governance in the new era fully proves that poverty can not only be overcome, but also be blocked and no longer recur.

13 years of unremitting struggle, nearly 100 million people have been lifted out of poverty, why can China do it?

Strength is drawn from thought, and the Party's innovative theoretical achievements lead new practices.

"Based on our national conditions and grasping the laws of poverty reduction, we have introduced a series of extraordinary policies and measures, and built a complete set of effective policy systems, work systems, and institutional systems, and forged a poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics, and formed an anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics," General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out.

This is a profound insight into the national conditions.

"China's biggest national condition is the leadership of the Communist Party of China. What is Chinese characteristic? This is Chinese characteristic."

The key to running China's affairs well lies in the Party. Since the reform and opening up, more than 800 million people have been lifted out of poverty. Our country has strengthened the working mechanism of central coordination, provincial responsibility, and city, county, and township implementation, tightened and solidified the responsibilities of Party committees and governments at all levels, and built an effective mechanism for five-level secretaries to grasp poverty alleviation and consolidate the results. During the poverty alleviation period alone, the country has cumulatively selected and dispatched more than 3 million first secretaries and village-based cadres, who have taken root in the front line and worked hard with nearly 2 million township cadres and millions of village cadres.

Absolute poverty has been historically eliminated, why should a 5-year transition period be established?

This is a deeper understanding of the laws of poverty reduction.

Poverty is a stubborn disease, "stubborn" in its complex causes, difficult to eradicate, and extremely easy to repeat.

The establishment of a 5-year transition period is an institutional innovation in poverty reduction practice, and the purpose is to maintain the overall stability of assistance policies.

"Some marginal households are already shaky, and they may become poor immediately if they encounter some risks and changes," General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) said earnestly.

Bai Haijun (白海军), a villager in Xiasanheyi Village (下三合义村), Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County (围场满族蒙古族自治县), Hebei (河北), once fell into trouble due to a serious illness. Big data captured his family's large medical expenses. Implementing medical insurance assistance policies, arranging public welfare positions, and issuing industrial reward subsidies, a series of policies have stabilized the bottom line of life.

Hebei (河北) integrates information from multiple departments to establish a "Poverty Return Prevention Monitoring and Assistance Work Information System," Hunan (湖南) improves the "one household, one portrait" regular monitoring mechanism, and Gansu (甘肃) innovates the "one-click declaration" mechanism... The monitoring and assistance mechanism to prevent returning to poverty is established and improved, timely discovery, timely intervention, and timely assistance. As of the end of 2025, China has cumulatively helped more than 7 million monitored objects to stably eliminate risks.

This is the practice of adapting to local conditions and seeking truth from facts.

Looking at poverty-stricken areas, "industries have generally been set up, but the support of technology, capital, talent, and markets is not strong."

In Longli County (龙里县), Guizhou (贵州), deep in the mountains, from building industrial roads to large-scale planting, from seedling breeding to carrying out deep processing, policies continue to exert efforts, industries are gradually upgraded, and prickly pears have become a pillar industry to stabilize the income of fruit farmers.

The establishment of a 5-year transition period effectively promotes the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Promote the sustainable development of poverty alleviation industries, consolidate the guarantee level of compulsory education, basic medical care, housing safety, and drinking water safety for the lifted-out-of-poverty population. From 2021 to 2025, the growth rate of per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken counties has been higher than the national average for farmers for five consecutive years.

Respect the actual situation in various places, maintain historical patience and strategic focus, "**一步一步坚定走** (yī bù yī bù jiān dìng zǒu - "take firm steps step by step," advance steadily), and advance one stage at a time."

What is the significance of China's poverty reduction practice for human poverty reduction?

Khon Kaen Province (孔敬府), Thailand's (泰国) fourth largest population province, draws on China's (中国) concept of "targeted poverty alleviation," and local officials lamented that it "provides the courage to solve poverty problems." Juncao technology has "turned grass into gold" in more than 100 countries. The 73rd United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on eliminating rural poverty, explicitly writing the concept of "targeted poverty alleviation" into it. China's (中国) development has not only changed itself, but also changed the world.

"China's (中国) poverty alleviation process shows that, with the perseverance, determination, and fighting spirit of **滴水穿石** (dī shuǐ chuān shí - "dripping water penetrates stone," perseverance can accomplish anything) and drawing a blueprint to the end, the poverty problems of developing countries can be solved, and weak birds can fly first and fly high." Today, China's (中国) practice has broken the myth that "poverty is destiny" in a knowable and perceptible way.

From "no one can be left behind" on the road to a comprehensive well-off society to "no one can be left behind" on the road to common prosperity, we always adhere to the people-centered development thought, and with the style of "nailing" accurately and not letting go, we do one thing after another, and work year after year, and constantly strive towards promoting the common prosperity of all people.

Consistent Strategy

"Eliminate the root causes of poverty through development" "**一把钥匙开一把锁** (yī bǎ yào shi kāi yī bǎ suǒ - "one key opens one lock," to adopt different methods to solve different problems)"

A small mountain village hides the great logic of development.

Deep in the Wuling Mountains (武陵山), Shibadong Village (十八洞村), Huayuan County (花垣县), Hunan (湖南), embroiderer Shi Chunying (石春英) threads a needle, and the silver needle shuttles between the colored threads. "Handmade Miao embroidery is particularly popular." More than 50 Miao embroidery products on the shelves have been pre-ordered by tourists.

The village established a Miao embroidery specialty farmers professional cooperative, and more than 50 embroiderers rely on traditional craftsmanship, embroidering flowers, taking care of their children, taking care of their families, and earning money. The Miao embroidery industry increases the village's collective economic income by more than 200,000 yuan per year.

Finding the right way and opening up ideas. Good mountains and good water, Miao customs, Shibadong Village (十八洞村) was selected as one of the world's "Best Tourism Villages," and the per capita income in 2024 is more than 16 times that of 2013.

In November 2013, it was in the Miao village courtyard deep in the mountains that General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) sat with village cadres and villager representatives, cordially chatting about their daily lives and talking about development, and first proposed the concept of "targeted poverty alleviation."

Implement "six precisions" in supporting objects, project arrangements, fund use, measures to households, assigning people to villages, and poverty alleviation results; implement "five batches" in developing production, relocating to other places, ecological compensation, developing education, and social security bottom line.

"Adhere to the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and eliminate the root causes of poverty through development," from winning the battle against poverty to consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation, "**一把钥匙开一把锁** (yī bǎ yào shi kāi yī bǎ suǒ - "one key opens one lock," to adopt different methods to solve different problems)," consistently.

Adhere to the precise strategy, find the right path, and let development become the most effective way to eliminate poverty.

The development-oriented poverty alleviation policy is a distinct feature of the poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics.

In Nanjiang County (南江县), Sichuan (四川), "Nanjiang Yellow Goat" is a unique goat breed here. How can the characteristic industry become an income-increasing industry?

"We have developed more than 30 series of products including leisure, meal, and cold fresh, and yellow goat sauce, lamp shadow mutton, etc. are particularly popular in the market," introduced Chen Hao (陈浩), head of Sichuan Dejian Nanjiang Yellow Goat Food Co., Ltd. "Leading enterprises + base + farmers," the entire industrial chain develops, and the brand value reaches 4.185 billion yuan.

"Raising sheep with orders, there is no worry about income." Large-scale breeder Zhang Sihai (张四海) established a cooperative, signed a supply agreement with a food company, and led more than 30 villagers on the road to prosperity.

"Rely on the mountains to eat the mountains and sing mountain songs, rely on the sea to eat the sea and read sea scriptures." During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, all 832 poverty-stricken counties in the country have cultivated 2 to 3 leading industries with prominent advantages and strong driving capabilities, with a total output value of more than 1.7 trillion yuan.

Adhere to the precise strategy, complement each other's advantages, and "the whole country as one chessboard" gathers strength.

Fujian (福建) - Ningxia (宁夏), the "Mountain and Sea Love" forged is lasting and new.

In April 1997, Xi Jinping (习近平), then Deputy Secretary of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee, went to Xihai Gu (西海固), Ningxia (宁夏) for poverty alleviation inspection. "What really touched me to make such a big determination to help the poor, besides my own experience, was seeing Xihai Gu (西海固)."

It was that inspection that the Minning (闽宁) cooperation took root. Wu Weidong (吴维东), the first batch of immigrants in Funing Village (福宁村), Minning Town (闽宁镇), Yongning County (永宁县), Ningxia (宁夏), with the support of the Minning (闽宁) collaboration policy, cultivated land, built houses, and worked to earn money, and lived a prosperous life. The "dry beach" has become a "golden beach." In the 30 years of Minning (闽宁) collaboration, the two places have formed a regional coordinated development situation.

From the opening of East-West poverty alleviation cooperation to the upgrading to East-West collaboration in the new era; from giving money and goods to a multi-level, multi-form, and all-round collaboration pattern, capital flow, resource flow, technology flow, and talent flow are surging to the west.

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) profoundly pointed out, "Organizing the eastern region to support the western region, and carrying out this work on a large scale for a long time, only our Party and country can do it in the world. This is our political advantage and institutional advantage."

Adhere to the precise strategy, stimulate internal strength, and mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the vast number of farmers.

Precise assistance, the ultimate focus is on people. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) urged: "Ultimately, getting rid of poverty and becoming rich depends on the hard work of the poor people themselves."

In Nasou Village (那受村), Sanya City (三亚市), Hainan (海南), villager Su Qiwen (苏其文) is busy in the fields in the early morning. The village opened a "field classroom," and he seriously acted as a "student." From a lifted-out-of-poverty household to a well-known "plant doctor" in the surrounding villages, he took the lead in establishing a professional cooperative with various incomes of nearly 300,000 yuan.

In Hualong Hui Autonomous County (化隆回族自治县), Qinghai (青海), more than 60% of farmers were poor households in the past. The people of Hualong (化隆) decided to change their way of life. They learned to make ramen noodles and started businesses in cities. They opened more than 20,000 noodle restaurants in more than 330 cities across the country and 16 countries and regions around the world, with annual revenue of hundreds of billions of yuan.

Helping both the ambition and intelligence, from "want me to do" to "I want to do" and "I can do," the vast number of lifted-out-of-poverty people have mustered up the energy of "**只要有信心，黄土变成金** (zhǐ yào yǒu xìn xīn, huáng tǔ biàn chéng jīn - "as long as there is confidence, yellow soil can turn into gold," with enough confidence, anything is possible)." Since the transition period, the country has cultivated more than 130,000 rural craftsmen, helping more than 5 million people master a skill and increase their income by finding employment "at their doorstep." The scale of employment of lifted-out-of-poverty labor has remained above 30 million people every year.

The value lies in precision, and the emphasis lies in precision. The poverty alleviation miracle we have created fully proves that the precise strategy is the magic weapon for poverty reduction.

Succession for the Future

"Together towards a better tomorrow of common prosperity"

In the New Year, the Dong village is full of New Year's flavor. Listening to Dong folk songs and visiting drum tower flower bridges, Zhaoxing Dong Village (肇兴侗寨), Liping County (黎平县), Guizhou (贵州), welcomes tourists from all directions.

Lu Kun Song (陆坤松), a lifted-out-of-poverty household, runs a homestay, and business has been good these past few days. Lu Kun Song (陆坤松) benefited from the "Rain and Dew Program," completed higher vocational education, and went out to work. Now, he has returned to his hometown to start a business, "Good policies have brought good days." Last year, Zhaoxing Dong Village (肇兴侗寨)'s comprehensive tourism revenue increased by more than 47% year-on-year.

In March 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) came to the Dong village and sat with village cadres and villager representatives to talk about revitalization, "The task of comprehensive rural revitalization after poverty alleviation is equally arduous" "I hope that the happy life of the villagers will be even better and that rural revitalization will be done better."

The end of the 5-year transition period is not the end, but a new starting point and a new departure.

On the "timetable" of development, Zhaoxing Village (肇兴村), together with 128,000 lifted-out-of-poverty villages across the country, is starting a new journey and promoting revitalization.

Looking from the coordinate axis of national rejuvenation, agricultural and rural modernization is related to the overall situation and quality of Chinese-style modernization, and "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" are shortcomings and weaknesses that need to be addressed urgently, and also key difficulties that need to be overcome.

Based on the present and the long term, prevent returning to poverty and promote comprehensive rural revitalization, plan and promote them as a whole.

"The focus of rural work is to shift from poverty alleviation to comprehensive rural revitalization. The bottom line of poverty alleviation must be as solid as a rock, and there must be no large-scale return to poverty. The key is to do these things practically and continue them." "Together towards a better tomorrow of common prosperity." General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) earnestly entrusted.

From the "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal to "continuously consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation" to the 2026 Central No. 1 Document clearly proposing "implementing normalized precise assistance," the focus is on ensuring that the bottom line of preventing large-scale return to poverty is maintained for a long time.

Re-enlisting, second village-based, Chen Yuyou (陈毓有), the first secretary of Jiangcha Village (江岔村), Shouning County (寿宁县), Fujian (福建), has experience. He led the villagers to renovate and upgrade low-yield tea gardens and build village tea factories, promoting the utilization rate of tea leaves by 15%, and the "High Mountain Cloud Mist" tea brand is initially taking shape.

Continue to implement the effective systems and mechanisms and practices such as the five-level secretary grasping, East-West collaboration, and fixed-point assistance; prevent the monitoring and assistance of returning to poverty from covering the entire rural population. As long as there is a risk, it can be included in the monitoring and assistance; fiscal investment, financial support, resource element allocation, etc., do not make sudden turns or sudden brakes... The transition period ends and turns to normalized assistance, and the assistance policies remain generally stable.

Grasp a region and the overall situation, serve the unified national market, and the internal driving force of poverty-stricken areas is accelerating.

At the end of 2025, the Xi'an-Yan'an High-speed Railway (西延高铁) will open, and the Fuxing (复兴) bullet train will arrive at the foot of Baota Mountain (宝塔山), and Yan'an (延安) apples will take the high-speed train. "Customers come to the orchard to see the fruit in person, and the cost is greatly reduced," said Du Wangjun (杜王军), a fruit merchant in Luochuan County (洛川县), Shaanxi (陕西).

As the first high-speed railway in the old revolutionary base area of northern Shaanxi (陕北), the Xi'an-Yan'an High-speed Railway (西延高铁) compresses time and space, activates the economy along the line, and incorporates the old area into the transportation network. Yan'an's (延安) red tourism and characteristic agriculture are deeply integrated with Xi'an's (西安) technology and cultural and creative industries.

Huajiang Canyon Bridge (花江峡谷大桥), "both horizontal and vertical are the world's first." During the first Spring Festival after its opening to traffic, the new business format of "bridge sightseeing + outdoor experience + ethnic culture" made the bridge family - Xiaohuajiang Village (小花江村), Zhenfeng County (贞丰县), Guizhou (贵州) popular.
The Huajiang Canyon Bridge, "the world's number one in every way." During its first Spring Festival after opening to traffic, the new business model of "bridge sightseeing + outdoor experience + ethnic culture" has boosted the popularity of the village outside the bridge—Xiaohuajiang Village (小花江村), Zhenfeng County (贞丰县), Guizhou (贵州).

Looking at the whole country, all townships and 95% of administrative villages have access to 5G, the coverage rate of express delivery services in established villages exceeds 95%, the national water network covers 80.3% of the country's land area, and infrastructure such as road networks, water networks, and communication networks are constantly improving. The coordinated regional development is advancing in depth, and the potential advantages of poverty-stricken areas are gradually emerging. By identifying the "interfaces" for connecting and overlapping advantages in terms of resource allocation, policy coordination, and industrial layout, we will surely open up a broader world of development.

Grasp both "visible achievements" and "latent achievements," firmly establish a correct view of political achievements, and let the fruits of development truly benefit hundreds of millions of farmers.

In Yunnan (云南), the sunshine of education illuminates the dream-chasing path of children in the mountains. "From 'having access to education' to 'having access to good education,' we are focusing on basic education as we did on poverty alleviation," introduced the relevant person in charge of the Provincial Department of Education (省教育厅). The proportion of schools and students covered by three types of high-quality resource radiation methods reached 54.51% and 68.63% respectively.

In Guangxi (广西), grassroots governance empowers the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. The local area vigorously promotes the "mentor assistance system," regularly sending personnel to the grassroots level for guidance; implements the "village cadre academic qualification improvement plan," selecting 2,000 outstanding village cadres every year to receive on-the-job junior college or college education.

Focus on laying the foundation and benefiting the long term, and promote the equalization of infrastructure and public services. Advocate focusing on practical work and de-emphasizing empty achievements, implement responsibilities at all levels, pay attention to the effectiveness of assistance, resolutely prevent formalism, continue the fine traditions cultivated during the poverty alleviation period, and make poverty-stricken people feel and receive tangible benefits.

*** ***

To comprehensively build a modern socialist country, "the most arduous and onerous task is still in the countryside."

"Taking the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization as the overall focus of 'agriculture, rural areas, and farmers' work in the new era and new journey," "taking one step at a time to turn the beautiful blueprint of comprehensive rural revitalization into reality, and laying the foundation for realizing agricultural and rural modernization and building a strong agricultural country"...

For the nation to be rejuvenated, the countryside must be revitalized. The cause of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is magnificent!

(Reporters from this newspaper: Zhu Jun (朱隽), Wang Hao (王浩), Chang Qin (常钦), Yu Jingxian (郁静娴), Li Xiaoqing (李晓晴), Deng Jianyang (邓剑洋))

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China Remains World's Largest Apple Producer and Consumer

This newspaper Beijing (北京), February 26th (Reporter Chang Qin (常钦), Li Xiaoqing (李晓晴)) -- Apples occupy a pivotal position in the "fruit basket" of Chinese people. The "China Apple Industry Development Report" released by the China Apple Industry Association (中国苹果产业协会) in conjunction with the National Apple Industry Technology System (国家苹果产业技术体系) shows that since the "14th Five-Year Plan," China has remained the world's largest producer and consumer of apples. Apple futures have become the world's first fresh fruit futures variety, and China's voice in the international pricing system has significantly increased. This "national fruit" is entering a new stage of high-quality development.

The report shows that China's total annual apple production reaches more than 51 million tons, and annual consumption exceeds 47 million tons. Behind these huge numbers is the strong rise of the "China chip" in the seed industry. At present, China has cultivated 158 new apple varieties with independent intellectual property rights, and 70% of newly built orchards use domestic varieties and adopt modern and efficient cultivation models.

Apples are not only a "healthy fruit" that meets the people's needs for a better life, but also a "fruit of prosperity" that revitalizes the rural economy. In Yan'an (延安), Shaanxi (陕西), General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) affectionately said: "This is the best and most suitable industry, with great prospects." In Tianshui (天水), Gansu (甘肃), the General Secretary's concern for "making this characteristic industry bigger" has injected strong momentum into the apple industry.

The apple industry has been promoted and planted in more than 20 provinces, with tens of millions of employees. In the Yan'an (延安) apple industry base county, 61% of farmers' operating income comes from apples, and more than 2 million fruit farmers have become rich thanks to apples. In the 2025 production season, Tianshui (天水) Huaniu (花牛) apples showed a situation of "price increase and smooth sales."

The industry side is accelerating its transformation to "digital management + machine replacement." The rise of new business formats such as live streaming e-commerce and cross-border e-commerce has also accelerated the globalization of Chinese apples. In 2024, the export volume of fresh apples reached 980,900 tons, an increase of 23.24% year-on-year; the export value of other (concentrated) apple juice was 5.877 billion yuan, an increase of 89.06% year-on-year.

From a regional layout perspective, the Loess Plateau (黄土高原) and the Bohai Bay (环渤海湾) two major advantageous production areas have become more stable; from a market perspective, with the rise of cold chain logistics and e-commerce live broadcasts, Chinese apples are riding on the China-Europe Railway Express (中欧班列), the "Snow Dragon" (雪龙) polar research vessel, and even entering space with the Shenzhou (神舟) spacecraft. In the next 5 years, driven by both technological innovation and brand building, the gold content of this "fruit of prosperity" will become higher and higher. (Related reports can be found on page 8)

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Photo Story

Recently, Rong'an County (融安县), Liuzhou (柳州), Guangxi (广西) has held several job fairs, providing job seekers with thousands of job opportunities. The picture shows job seekers communicating at the Rong'an County (融安县) job fair on February 25th.

Photo by Qin Qinghe (覃庆和) (Image China)

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Introduction

High-Quality Development Story Collection

How to Fully Release the Value of Data Elements
12th Edition

People's Perspective

How "China Tour China Buy" Became So Popular
13th Edition

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Presidential Order of the People's Republic of China

According to the decision of the 21st meeting of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on February 26, 2026:

Wang Xiangxi (王祥喜) is removed from the post of Minister of the Ministry of Emergency Management (应急管理部).

President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping (习近平)

February 26, 2026

(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), February 26)

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Thoroughly Implement the Decisions and Requirements of the Party Central Committee and Carefully Organize the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress

This newspaper reported from Beijing on February 26th (Reporter Peng Bo (彭波)) Zhao Leji (赵乐际), Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会), presided over the closing meeting of the 21st session of the 14th National People's Congress Standing Committee on the afternoon of the 26th. After the meeting completed the relevant voting items, Zhao Leji (赵乐际) delivered a speech.

Zhao Leji (赵乐际) said that this meeting successfully completed its scheduled tasks. It deliberated and approved in principle the draft work report of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会), and adopted the draft agenda, the draft list of the presidium and secretary-general, and the list of attendees for the fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大四次会议); it deliberated on 3 draft laws, deliberated on the report on the work of legal cleanup and the opinions on the handling of relevant laws and decisions, and decided to submit them to the fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大四次会议) for deliberation, and also approved the report on the qualification of representatives and personnel appointments and removals.

Zhao Leji (赵乐际) pointed out that in the past year, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the work of the National People's Congress (全国人大) and its Standing Committee has made new progress and achievements. When deliberating on the draft work report of the Standing Committee, the members of the Standing Committee and the comrades attending the meeting generally expressed their approval of the draft report, and at the same time put forward some opinions and suggestions, which should be sorted out and studied one by one, and the draft report should be revised and improved, and submitted to the fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大四次会议) for deliberation according to the procedures.

Zhao Leji (赵乐际) emphasized that in the new year, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会) should adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (党的二十大) and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly implement the deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session, study and understand Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on the rule of law and General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on upholding and improving the system of people's congresses, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, earnestly perform the duties entrusted by the Constitution and laws, and promote the high-quality development of the work of the people's congresses while maintaining stability and seeking progress, so as to provide legal guarantees for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."

Zhao Leji (赵乐际) pointed out that the fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大四次会议) is about to be held. This conference will deliberate and approve the government work report, the work report of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会), the work report of the Supreme People's Court (最高人民法院), and the work report of the Supreme People's Procuratorate (最高人民检察院), review and approve the "15th Five-Year Plan" outline and annual plan, annual budget, and deliberate on the draft ecological environment code, the draft law on promoting ethnic unity and progress, and the draft law on national development planning. It is necessary to implement the Party Central Committee's deployment requirements for holding the fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大四次会议), focus on the central tasks of the Party and the country, work together with all the representatives to perform duties according to law with a high sense of responsibility and mission, gather wisdom and build consensus, and ensure that the Party's propositions are transformed into the will of the state and the common action of the people through legal procedures.

Zhao Leji (赵乐际) emphasized that it is necessary to humbly listen to and adopt the representatives' opinions and suggestions on the work of the Standing Committee, and consciously accept supervision. It is necessary to do a good job in news publicity and public opinion guidance, transmit confidence and strength, and create a good atmosphere of unity, cohesion, pragmatism, and hard work. It is necessary to promote a good meeting style, strictly enforce meeting discipline, practice diligence and thrift, and ensure that the fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大四次会议) is clean and upright, pragmatic and efficient.

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The 63rd Meeting of the Chairman and Vice-Chairpersons of the 14th National People's Congress Standing Committee Held

This newspaper reported from Beijing on February 26th (Reporter Peng Bo (彭波)) The 63rd Chairman’s Meeting of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee was held at the Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂) in Beijing (北京) on the afternoon of the 26th. Chairman Zhao Leji (赵乐际) presided over the meeting.

The meeting heard a report by Liu Qi (刘奇), Secretary-General of the National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee, on the deliberation of the draft work report of the National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee, and a report on the deliberation of other matters proposed for voting.

The Chairman’s Meeting decided to submit the draft work report of the Standing Committee to the closing meeting of the 21st session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee for voting.

Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Wang Dongming (王东明), Xiao Jie (肖捷), Zheng Jianbang (郑建邦), Ding Zhongli (丁仲礼), Cai Dafeng (蔡达峰), He Wei (何维), Wu Weihua (武维华), Tie Ning (铁凝), Peng Qinghua (彭清华), Zhang Qingwei (张庆伟), Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), and Shohrat Zakir (雪克来提·扎克尔) attended the meeting.

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Deepen the Fundamental Solution to Work Safety Issues and Resolutely Guard Against Forest and Grassland Fire Risks

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 26th. The National Work Safety and Forest and Grassland Fire Prevention and Control Video Conference was held in Beijing on the 26th. Zhang Guoqing (张国清), Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, attended the meeting and delivered a speech. Wang Xiaohong (王小洪), Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and State Councilor, presided over the meeting. The meeting emphasized the need to thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions, implement Premier Li Qiang's (李强) requirements, adhere to focusing on the grassroots, prioritizing prevention, and exerting efforts beforehand, tighten and implement the responsibilities of all parties, and resolutely prevent and curb the occurrence of major and extraordinarily serious accidents and forest and grassland fires.

The meeting emphasized the need to promote fundamental solutions for work safety in a thorough and in-depth manner, make good use of the results of the central work safety assessment and inspection, strengthen the governance of deep-seated common problems, and better coordinate development and safety. It is necessary to accelerate the consolidation of the foundation of grassroots fire safety, focus on enhancing the grassroots' awareness and ability to "prevent," and focus on fire prevention in densely populated places, high-rise buildings, and self-built houses for business purposes. It is necessary to comprehensively investigate and rectify risks and hidden dangers in key industries and fields, strengthen the full-chain supervision of "one thing," strictly prohibit illegal and risky operations, and strictly investigate illegal and irregular behaviors. At present, it is necessary to strengthen safety control of transportation, fireworks and firecrackers, and other areas in a targeted manner to ensure the safety of people's lives and property and the overall social stability.

The meeting emphasized that according to the national forest and grassland fire risk situation, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and early warning, strictly control fire sources, deepen the investigation of hidden dangers, and build a solid people's defense line for fire prevention and control. It is necessary to strengthen law-based fire management, promote the construction of major fire prevention and control projects and technological empowerment, and consolidate the basic support for fire prevention and control. It is necessary to strengthen practical exercises and the overall planning of professional forces, improve the ability to scientifically and efficiently fight and deal with fires, and ensure that the situation of forest and grassland fire prevention and control is stable and improving.

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The 21st Meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee Deliberates in Groups on the Draft Work Report of the NPC Standing Committee

This newspaper's Beijing (北京) dispatch on February 26th (Reporter Peng Bo (彭波)): The 21st session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee held group discussions on February 26th to deliberate the draft work report of the National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee to be submitted to the 4th session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大).

Members of the National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee and those present at the meeting fully affirmed the work of the Standing Committee over the past year and generally approved the draft report. Everyone agreed that under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee adhered to the guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (党的二十大) and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, and performed its duties and responsibilities in accordance with the law, closely focusing on the overall work of the Party and the country, achieving new progress and new results in various aspects of its work. It fulfilled its duties of ensuring the implementation of the Constitution and strengthening constitutional supervision in accordance with the law, revised the Organic Law of Villagers Committees and the Organic Law of Urban Residents Committees, made a decision on the establishment of Taiwan Retrocession Day (台湾光复纪念日), promoted the work of constitutional review and record review, and safeguarded the unity of the national rule of law. It strengthened legislation in key areas, emerging fields, and foreign-related fields, formulated and revised a number of laws such as the Law on Promoting the Private Economy, the Atomic Energy Law, the Foreign Trade Law, the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, the Civil Aviation Law, the Cybersecurity Law, the National Park Law, and the Law on Promoting Public Awareness of the Law, deliberated the draft Ecological Environment Code, the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, and the Law on National Development Planning, and submitted them to the Congress for deliberation, and carried out centralized law cleanup. It promoted scientific legislation, democratic legislation, and legislation in accordance with the law, focused on improving the quality of legislation, and used good laws to promote reform, promote development, and ensure good governance. Focusing on the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and what the people think, expect, and desire, it implemented correct supervision, effective supervision, and supervision in accordance with the law, organized special research on several important issues in the preparation of the "15th Five-Year Plan" outline, strengthened supervision of financial and economic work, improved the implementation mechanism of the Supervision Law, and enhanced the pertinence and effectiveness of supervision work. It studied, publicized, and implemented the newly revised Deputies Law, strengthened the ties between the Standing Committee and deputies, and between deputies and the people, improved the quality and efficiency of handling deputies' proposals and suggestions, and supported and guaranteed that deputies perform their duties and play their roles in accordance with the law. It actively carried out foreign exchanges of the National People's Congress (全国人大), attended multilateral activities such as the Sixth World Conference of Speakers of Parliament, actively promoted China's (中国) ideas, propositions, and successful practices, and better served the overall situation of national diplomacy. In accordance with the requirements of the "four organs," it strengthened the self-construction of the Standing Committee, deepened theoretical study, improved political capabilities, changed work styles and established new styles, and continuously improved the ability and level of performing duties.

The participating comrades put forward opinions and suggestions on revising and improving the draft report and strengthening and improving the work of the National People's Congress (全国人大). Everyone unanimously stated that they should unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, practice whole-process people's democracy, implement the deployment requirements of comprehensively governing the country according to law, give play to the advantages of the country's fundamental political system, promote the high-quality development of the work of the National People's Congress (全国人大) while seeking progress in stability, and contribute to creating a new situation in the construction of Chinese-style modernization.

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Achieving political achievements for the people; achieving political achievements through hard work.

By: 本报记者 张 洋

The view of achievements is linked to the view of development. Whether the view of achievements is correct determines the effectiveness, or even the success or failure, of development.

This year is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." How to make a good start and take a good first step? How to move forward steadily, step by step, to ensure decisive progress in basically achieving socialist modernization?

On January 20, the seminar for leading officials at the provincial and ministerial level to study and implement the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China opened. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) earnestly warned: "We must establish and practice a correct view of achievements, adhere to proceeding from reality and acting in accordance with the laws, and consciously seek achievements for the people and make achievements through hard work."

This is a clear expression of the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, and a fundamental guideline for the future journey. The Party Central Committee has decided to carry out study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of achievements throughout the Party, which is an important task of Party building this year. Only by understanding its principles and following its path can we move forward courageously and steadily.

Position

"The people's yearning for a better life is our goal."

For whom should achievements be made?

The answer is not abstract. It is written in President Xi Jinping's (习近平) New Year's message for 2026: "Firewood, rice, oil, salt, three meals a day, four seasons, every 'small family' is bustling with activity, and China, this 'big family,' is thriving."

In a word, simple and warm, placing "the people" at the center of the era's narrative.

The people's nature is the essential attribute of Marxism, and the people's position is the fundamental position of Marxism. The Communist Party of China comes from the people and is rooted in the people. It has no special interests of its own other than the interests of the country, the nation, and the people. From its birth, it has established serving the Chinese people's happiness and the Chinese nation's rejuvenation as its original aspiration and mission.

For more than 100 years, practicing the original aspiration and undertaking the mission, the great spirit of Party building has been integrated into the Party's spiritual bloodline, running through the Party's struggle history, nourishing and inspiring generations of Communists.

"I am the son of the Loess Plateau."

More than half a century ago, Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) came to Liangjiahe (梁家河) Village, Yanchuan (延川) County, Shaanxi (陕西) Province, to work as an educated youth, eating, living, and working with the villagers. During the seven years, when he left, he already had a firm life goal and was full of confidence. He later wrote affectionately: "As a public servant of the people, the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi is my root, because it has cultivated my unchanging belief: to do practical things for the people!"

"To do practical things for the people" - this sentence, as simple as the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, is the most solid foundation of the view of achievements.

Zhengding (正定) is where Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) started his political career. In those years, Zhengding (正定) handed over 76 million jin of grain to the state every year, making it an advanced county in "learning from Dazhai in agriculture." However, the more grain handed over, the lower the income of the masses, and Zhengding (正定) was actually a "high-yield poor county."

He conducted in-depth research and pondered repeatedly: "What is a 'good county'?"

In the end, Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) insisted on thinking about problems from the people's standpoint, reflecting the situation to higher authorities, and striving for policy support. The county's grain purchase task was reduced by 28 million jin, and the planting structure was adjusted. The "one reduction and one addition" doubled the income of farmers, and their lives truly improved.

Serving as an official for a term, benefiting one party. Since then, he emphasized in Fujian (福建) "remembering the word 'people' in front of the government"; wrote "Do Not Be an 'Official' Without the People in Mind" in Zhejiang (浙江); and visited various districts and counties in Shanghai (上海), with Party building and people's livelihood always being the two major concerns. Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) said that he was more concerned about the quality of life of the people and how well the principle of putting the people first was implemented after he arrived in Shanghai (上海).

The view of achievements, in the final analysis, is a matter of position: "for whom, relying on whom, and who am I?"

A poem, "Nian Nu Jiao - Remembering Jiao Yulu (焦裕禄)," has been widely circulated to this day, "Who among the people does not love a good official? Tears turn Jiao Tong into rain," expressing the immeasurable weight of the deep affection between the people and their officials; and the folk saying - "If an official does not serve the people, it is better to go home and sell sweet potatoes" - is like a warning bell, often ringing in the hearts of the vast number of Party members and cadres.

The people's hearts are the greatest politics. Only by placing the people in the highest position can all struggles have meaning and all achievements have value.

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "The effectiveness of all our work must ultimately be judged by whether the people have truly received benefits, whether the people's lives have truly improved, and whether the people's rights and interests have truly been guaranteed."

Since the new era, children have access to education, students have access to schooling, workers have access to employment, patients have access to medical care, the elderly have access to care, residents have access to housing, and the vulnerable have access to assistance... Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, we have been doing one thing after another, year after year. All the original thoughts, transformative practices, breakthrough progress, and landmark achievements we have made shine with a brilliant starting point - for the people.

Even today, a dialogue still conveys a penetrating power.

On November 3, 2013, in Shibadong (十八洞) Village, Huayuan (花垣) County, Hunan (湖南) Province, a villager asked: "What is your name?"

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) replied with a smile: "I am a servant of the people."

This is not only a cordial self-introduction, but also a model for all Party members and a solemn commitment to the people of all ethnic groups in the country.

Chinese-style modernization puts people's livelihood first. On the new journey, that oath must never be forgotten -

"The people's yearning for a better life is our goal."

Viewpoint

"Adhere to proceeding from reality and acting in accordance with the laws"

In the "first lesson" of the opening year, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) particularly emphasized a word - "compatibility":

"'The 15th Five-Year Plan' has just begun, and everyone is planning to promote it. We should pay attention to calculating the input-output account, improve compatibility, and neither ignore the shortcomings nor be too advanced, causing waste."

Compatibility is a perspective in economic law, and it is also a measure of "what kind of achievements to make." Whether the view of achievements is correct can be clearly measured with this yardstick.

Looking back on the past, the lessons are still there. Some localities and departments are fond of boasting, greedy for greatness, blindly following trends, and being flashy but not practical, creating "image projects" and "vanity projects," which often leave behind a "mess." This seriously undermines the confidence of cadres and the masses, and even delays valuable development opportunities.

Currently, "new quality productive forces" have become a hot topic in development. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) instructed: "Are new quality productive forces equal to emerging industries? Upgrading traditional industries can also develop new quality productive forces. We cannot just focus on the 'new three items,' and we cannot engage in a **大呼隆** (dà hū lōng - "a big rush," a chaotic and disorganized mass action) or **一哄而起** (yī hōng ér qǐ - "rise with a hubbub," to swarm into action) and **一哄而散** (yī hōng ér sàn - "scatter with a hubbub," to disperse in a disorderly manner). We must adapt to local conditions and have our own characteristics." This important discussion also talks about "compatibility."

Compatibility is essentially seeking truth from facts.

This is the fundamental viewpoint of Marxism, the fundamental requirement for Chinese Communists to understand and transform the world, and the basic ideological method, working method, and leadership method of our Party. "Adhering to proceeding from reality and acting in accordance with the laws" is being responsible to the people and responsible to the cause, and can create achievements that can withstand the test of history, the people, and practice.

To achieve seeking truth from facts, we cannot do without investigation and research, a basic skill.

How did Zhengding's (正定) economy take off? In the 1980s, Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) thought: We need to find a new path.

He invited experts in and took cadres out. The county formed 11 special groups, which spent three months conducting a comprehensive and in-depth investigation and analysis of the current situation and prospects of the county's commodity economy. In the end, he creatively proposed a new path of "semi-suburban" economic development.

This path accurately matched Zhengding's (正定) location adjacent to Shijiazhuang (石家庄), serving the city and "taking money from the city's pockets," developing itself in service, and successfully allowing Zhengding (正定) to "turn over."

This path is not a model copied from textbooks, but a path pieced together after stepping into the soil and laying out the advantages and disadvantages.

The more great the cause, the more we must adhere to seeking truth from facts.

Since the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has coordinated the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the great changes in the world unseen in a century, and made a series of major decisions and deployments, all of which contain the superb wisdom of "adhering to proceeding from reality and acting in accordance with the laws."

From the perspective of time, the stage of development has changed.

China's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, from "having or not" to "good or not." General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) repeatedly warned, "We can no longer simply judge heroes by the growth rate of GDP" and "The new development concept is the command stick and traffic light"...

During the 2023 National People's Congress, a National People's Congress representative mentioned the Xiangshui (响水) accident, "At that time, GDP went up, but it laid the root for a catastrophic event many years later."

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) instructed: "At any time, we cannot take the road of quick success, **竭泽而渔** (jié zé ér yú - "drain the pond to catch the fish," to seek short-term gain at the expense of long-term interests), and GDP only. This is why we must firmly establish the new development concept."

From the perspective of space, the situation varies from place to place.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) footprints have spread all over the country, providing guidance for the development of various regions. Taking 2025 as an example, in Yunnan (云南), it is clear that "we must unswervingly follow the path of ecological priority and green development, and build a solid ecological security barrier in southwest China"; in Shanghai (上海), it is required to "strive to be at the forefront in all aspects of artificial intelligence development and governance, and generate a demonstration effect"; in Shanxi (山西), it is emphasized that "we must further unify our thinking, maintain our determination, and steadily and orderly promote transformation and development"... "One key opens one lock," which is both the ingenuity of governance and the wisdom of the view of achievements.

"Our feet must be on the ground. There are inherent laws in everything we do."

Studying the "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal, from the main goals in 7 aspects to the 12 strategic tasks, every word and sentence is the era's answer to "what kind of achievements to create."

For leading bodies at all levels and the vast number of Party members and cadres, the key is to get the ideological methods right, consider themselves in the overall situation, understand the actual situation, adapt to local conditions, make scientific decisions, and embark on a path of high-quality development suitable for the actual situation of their region and department.

Method

"Be a firm actionist and pragmatist in building Chinese-style modernization"

"The leading bodies of provinces, cities, counties, and townships will be replaced successively, and emphasizing the view of achievements is also very targeted." At the "first lesson" of the opening year, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) revealed another far-reaching consideration for establishing and practicing a correct view of achievements.

During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors increase. The more complex the situation, the more we must calm down and work hard. The more it is a time of change, the more we must curb the impulse to make achievements.

It is said that "a new official takes office with three fires." In those years, not long after Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) came to work in Zhejiang (浙江), someone asked him to talk about his "governance program." He said with a smile: "I just came here and have no right to speak yet. When the time comes, I will speak."

When is "when the time comes"? If you don't start the "fire" earlier, how can you make achievements? With a series of questions, everyone was waiting to see.

Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) was really not in a hurry to "light the fire." He insisted on using research as a way to open the road, going to the grassroots level non-stop, visiting farmers' homes, going to islands, and entering enterprises. Finally, in the tenth month of his tenure in Zhejiang (浙江), Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) officially revealed his "top-level design" - the "Eight-Eight Strategy."

Doing practical work, understanding the actual situation, and seeking practical results, only by taking the first step firmly can we take every step steadily. It is precisely because of this that the land of Zhijiang (之江) has the resilience to "draw a blueprint to the end" and work one term after another.

How to create achievements? The key is to rely on hard work. This is the most simple methodology and the only way to achieve success.

Comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization is the central task of the Party and the country in the new era and on the new journey. At the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) earnestly instructed: "When a new team comes up, we must pay attention, do not have the impulse to do things quickly and on a large scale, that is, we cannot act against the laws, seek quick success and instant benefits, and be eager to make achievements. We must suppress this impetuous psychology and impatient mentality, and carry out modernization construction in a down-to-earth and solid manner."

Down-to-earth and solid, the words are still in our ears and make us think deeply.

Since the new era, whether it is winning the battle against poverty, building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, or overcoming one "bottleneck" key core technology after another, accelerating the promotion of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, whether it is making the sky bluer, the water clearer, and the air fresher, or curbing some unhealthy trends that have not been curbed for a long time, and correcting some stubborn diseases that have not been eliminated for many years, every piece of work has been done in a solid manner.

At the end of 2025, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a democratic life meeting, and General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) profoundly pointed out: "Communists are materialists, pragmatism is an essential quality, and we must seek truth from facts, be pragmatic, and do practical work."

Highlighting the word "practical" means avoiding "emptiness" and resolutely opposing formalism and "face-saving projects."

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized, "Grasp the implementation of work with the spirit of nailing nails," "Put the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee into practice with creative work," "Pursue real and water-free growth"...

Not long ago, a public notice triggered an alert: Haicheng (海城) City, Anshan (鞍山) City, Liaoning (辽宁) Province, spent a large amount of money to purchase consulting services from a "top 100 county" list evaluation agency, which helped it achieve a ranking improvement.

Falsification is not allowed, and formalism is not allowed. "The essence of formalism is subjectivism and utilitarianism, and the root cause is the misplaced view of achievements and the lack of a sense of responsibility, replacing solid implementation with a vigorous form, and covering up contradictions and problems with a bright appearance."

Another internal requirement of "practical" is "achieving success does not necessarily have to be me, but achieving success definitely has me." This is not a slogan, but the realm and pattern that Communists should have, and it is an extension of methodology on a time scale.

"The view of achievements is not only reflected in grasping development, but also in benefiting the people's livelihood and ensuring stability; it is not only reflected in the immediate and effective achievements, but also in the potential achievements that lay the foundation, increase momentum, and benefit the long term; it is not only reflected in solving current contradictions, but also in solving historical legacy problems";

"Do not engage in short-sighted and quick-profit achievement projects, do more things that benefit the present, benefit the long term, and benefit future generations";

"Do more big calculations and calculate big accounts, do less small calculations and calculate small accounts, and be good at integrating the work of regions and departments into the overall chess game of the Party and the country, so as to both win glory for one region and add color to the overall situation";

…………

Achieving socialist modernization is a historical process of step-by-step progression and continuous development and progress, which requires unremitting efforts and continuous struggle.

Treating the past, new officials should sort out old accounts; facing the future, be willing to "plant trees" and "pave roads"; focusing on the overall situation, firmly establish the awareness of "a game of chess"... Everyone must run their own "relay race" well and "be a firm actionist and pragmatist in building Chinese-style modernization."

∗∗∗ ∗∗∗

What is the correct view of achievements? What is the wrong view of achievements?

An important difference between the two lies in whether we can adhere to and apply the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method well.

At the opening ceremony of the training class for young and middle-aged cadres at the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) in the spring semester of 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) profoundly pointed out: "Establishing and practicing a correct view of achievements, the decisive role is played by Party spirit."

Party spirit is the cornerstone for Party members and cadres to establish themselves, their careers, their words, and their morality. Only with a strong Party spirit and abandoning selfish thoughts and雜念 can we ensure that we accurately and consciously apply the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method in practice, and can we ensure that the view of achievements does not deviate. Localism, fondness for boasting, falsification, shirking responsibility... Several manifestations of the misplaced view of achievements, in the final analysis, are deviations in understanding, and the root lies in deviating from Party spirit, abandoning the purpose, and abandoning the belief.
Party spirit is the cornerstone for party members and cadres to establish themselves, their careers, their words, and their virtues. Only with a strong party spirit and the abandonment of selfish and distracting thoughts can we ensure the accurate and conscious application of Marxist positions, viewpoints, and methods in practice, and ensure that our view of achievements does not deviate. Localism, being fond of greatness and eager for success, practicing fraud, shirking responsibility... these manifestations of a distorted view of achievements are, in the final analysis, deviations in understanding, rooted in the departure from party spirit, the abandonment of purpose, and the discarding of faith.

Political steadfastness and steadfastness in party spirit are inseparable from theoretical steadfastness. The party's innovative theory is a treasure trove of thought, containing both ideological weapons for transforming the subjective world and scientific methods for transforming the objective world. Leading bodies at all levels and the vast number of party members and cadres must unremittingly use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想) to strengthen their souls, promote learning, investigation, and rectification in an integrated manner, and effectively transform the results of learning into a strong force for firming ideals, tempering party spirit, guiding practice, and promoting work.

Grasping implementation is an important sign of measuring the party spirit and view of achievements of leading cadres.

Striving forward in the "15th Five-Year Plan," leading bodies at all levels and the vast number of party members and cadres firmly support the "Two Establishes" and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," establish and practice a correct view of achievements, and implement policies without discount, which will surely continue to create a new situation in Chinese-style modernization. 不折不扣 (bù zhé bù kòu - "no discount," to do something completely and thoroughly).

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NPC Standing Committee Holds Constitutional Oath Ceremony

This newspaper reported from Beijing on February 26th (Reporter Peng Bo (彭波)) The 14th National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee held a constitutional oath ceremony at the Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂) in Beijing (北京) on the afternoon of the 26th. Xuekelaiti Zakier (雪克来提·扎克尔), Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee, presided over and supervised the oath.

The 21st meeting of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee, which had just concluded, appointed Yang Heqing (杨合庆) as the Deputy Director of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会法制工作委员会). According to the Constitution and the decision of the National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee on implementing the constitutional oath system, the constitutional oath was conducted in accordance with the law.

Relevant responsible comrades from the National People's Congress (全国人大) participated in the oath-taking activity.

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Announcement of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decided to remove Sun Shaochcheng (孙绍骋) from his position as a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Jiangsu Province decided to remove Lian Yueqin (练月琴) from her position as a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Jiangxi Province decided to remove Xiao Yuwen (肖玉文) from his position as a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Chongqing Municipality decided to remove Cao Qingyao (曹清尧) and Lan Qinghua (蓝庆华) from their positions as deputies to the 14th National People's Congress. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Sichuan Province decided to remove Wang Fengchao (王凤朝), Bao Hui (包惠), and Li Yun (李云) from their positions as deputies to the 14th National People's Congress. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Yunnan Province decided to remove Li Gang (李刚) from his position as a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress. The Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region decided to remove Chen Weijun (陈伟俊) from his position as a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress. The Delegates Assembly of Servicemen of the Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission decided to remove Bian Ruifeng (边瑞峰) from his position as a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress. The Delegates Assembly of Servicemen of the National Defense Mobilization Department of the Central Military Commission decided to remove Wang Donghai (王东海) from his position as a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress. The Delegates Assembly of Servicemen of the Army decided to remove Li Qiaoming (李桥铭) and Ding Laifu (丁来富) from their positions as deputies to the 14th National People's Congress. The Delegates Assembly of Servicemen of the Navy decided to remove Shen Jinlong (沈金龙) and Qin Shengxiang (秦生祥) from their positions as deputies to the 14th National People's Congress. The Delegates Assembly of Servicemen of the Air Force decided to remove Yu Zhongfu (于忠福) from his position as a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress. The Delegates Assembly of Servicemen of the Rocket Force decided to remove Yang Guang (杨光) from his position as a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress. The Delegates Assembly of Servicemen of the Information Support Force decided to remove Li Wei (李伟) from his position as a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress.

In accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Deputies to the National People's Congress and to Local People's Congresses at All Levels," the qualifications of Sun Shaochcheng (孙绍骋), Lian Yueqin (练月琴), Xiao Yuwen (肖玉文), Cao Qingyao (曹清尧), Lan Qinghua (蓝庆华), Wang Fengchao (王凤朝), Bao Hui (包惠), Li Yun (李云), Li Gang (李刚), Chen Weijun (陈伟俊), Bian Ruifeng (边瑞峰), Wang Donghai (王东海), Li Qiaoming (李桥铭), Ding Laifu (丁来富), Shen Jinlong (沈金龙), Qin Shengxiang (秦生祥), Yu Zhongfu (于忠福), Yang Guang (杨光), and Li Wei (李伟) as deputies are terminated. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China," Sun Shaochcheng's (孙绍骋) position as Vice Chairman of the Social Construction Committee of the 14th National People's Congress is correspondingly revoked, Shen Jinlong's (沈金龙) position as a member of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress and Vice Chairman of the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress is correspondingly revoked, Qin Shengxiang's (秦生祥) position as a member of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress and Vice Chairman of the Social Construction Committee of the National People's Congress is correspondingly revoked, and Yu Zhongfu's (于忠福) position as a member of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress and Vice Chairman of the Environment Protection and Resources Conservation Committee of the National People's Congress is correspondingly revoked.

As of now, the 14th National People's Congress has 2,878 deputies.

This is hereby announced.

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

February 26, 2026

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List of Dismissals from the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

Removed Jiang Chenghua's (蒋成华) position as a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the 14th National People's Congress.

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List of Appointments by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

Yang Heqing (杨合庆) is appointed as the Deputy Director of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

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List of Dismissals Decided by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

The following is the translated text:

Wang Xiangxi (王祥喜) was removed from his position as Minister of the Ministry of Emergency Management (应急管理部).

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List of Appointments and Removals by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

I. Renamed Liu Weibo (刘为波) as the Chief Justice of the Fifth Criminal Division of the Supreme People's Court, and removed him from the post of Deputy Chief Justice of the Fifth Criminal Division.

II. Renamed Li Xiangbo (李相波) as the Deputy Chief Justice of the Sixth Circuit Court of the Supreme People's Court, and removed him from the post of Deputy Chief Justice of the Environmental Resources Tribunal.

III. Renamed Wang Fei (王飞) as the Deputy Chief Justice and Judge of the Fifth Circuit Court of the Supreme People's Court.

IV. Removed Yu Shiwei (于世伟) (female) from the post of Deputy Chief Justice and Judge of the Petition and Appeals Division of the Supreme People's Court.

V. Appointed Wu Songtao (吴松涛), Li Jing (李静) (female), Tu Pingyi (涂平一), Jia Jun (贾俊), Liu Zhijia (刘志加), Lin Chengbi (林成笔), Wang Chaoyang (王朝阳), Lü Qiaoling (吕巧玲) (female), Yang Yuemei (杨玥玫) (female), Wang Deyu (王德育), Wang Lei (王雷), Zhou Wei (周蔚) (female), Gao Hua (高华), Chen Zhiyang (陈智扬), Shen Yanping (沈艳平), Si Qingtao (佀庆涛), Gao Yuan (高远), Lü Shaoxi (吕绍熙), Li Yangli (李扬丽) (female), Tang Qiaoruo (唐悄若) (female), and Xiang Pin (向品) (female) as Judges of the Supreme People's Court.

VI. Removed Li Jian (李健), Rao Xiaoyan (饶晓燕) (female), Wu Feng (吴峰), Huang Ziyao (黄自耀), Lou Jindong (楼缙东), Zhang Fulun (张辅伦), Huang He (黄河), Jiang Mingjun (蒋明军), Sun Niejuan (孙聂娟) (female), Kong Liming (孔立明), Mi Yu (米于), Wang Xiaoru (王晓如) (female), Xu Yanru (徐燕如), Yang Xueqiu (杨学秋) (female), Yu Haibo (禹海波), Yuan Xiaozhen (袁晓贞) (female), and Zhang Zhen (张振) from the post of Judge of the Supreme People's Court.

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List of Dismissals from the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

Removed Liu Shaoyun's (刘少云) position as President of the People's Liberation Army Military Court of China.

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List of Appointments and Removals Approved by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

1. Approved the removal of Chen Fengchao (陈凤超) from the post of Procurator-General of the Tianjin Municipal People's Procuratorate.

2. Approved the removal of Wang Guanghui (王光辉) from the post of Procurator-General of the Yunnan Provincial People's Procuratorate;
Approved the appointment of Wang Guanghui (王光辉) as Procurator-General of the Tianjin Municipal People's Procuratorate.

3. Approved the appointment of Zhang Xiangjun (张相军) as Procurator-General of the Yunnan Provincial People's Procuratorate.

4. Approved the removal of Yang Jinghai (杨景海) from the post of Procurator-General of the Shanxi Provincial People's Procuratorate;
Approved the appointment of Xiong Wenhui (熊文辉) as Procurator-General of the Shanxi Provincial People's Procuratorate.

5. Approved the removal of Yin Yijun (尹伊君) from the post of Procurator-General of the Jilin Provincial People's Procuratorate;
Approved the appointment of Miao Wei (苗伟) as Procurator-General of the Jilin Provincial People's Procuratorate.

6. Approved the removal of Shi Xialian (时侠联) from the post of Procurator-General of the Chongqing Municipal People's Procuratorate;
Approved the appointment of Gu Tinghai (顾廷海) as Procurator-General of the Chongqing Municipal People's Procuratorate.

(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), February 26)

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List of Dismissals from the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

I. Zhang Xiangjun (张相军) is removed from the position of member of the Procuratorial Committee and Procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate.

II. Du Yaqi (杜亚起), Xie Xiaoge (谢晓歌) (female), and Hua Baoxia (滑宝霞) (female) are removed from the position of Procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate.

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Injecting Strong Momentum into the Sustainable Development of Iraq's Oil Industry (Jointly Building the "Belt and Road" - First Scene)

By: 本报记者 张志文

The Halfaya Oilfield, located in Maysan Province, southern Iraq, boasts a modern and aesthetically pleasing plant area. Over 400 oil and water wells, 5 high-pressure water injection pumping stations, 3 oil and gas central processing facilities, and 1 natural gas processing plant operate around the clock. It's hard to imagine that 15 years ago, this area was a remote and desolate oil region.

Over the past 5 years, China National Petroleum Corporation (Iraq) Halfaya Company (中国石油（伊拉克）哈法亚公司) (hereinafter referred to as "Halfaya Company") has achieved a cumulative oil and gas production equivalent exceeding 100 million tons, significantly boosting Iraq's national crude oil production. In the next 5 years, Halfaya Company will continue to focus on technological innovation, talent cultivation, and cultural exchange, helping to promote the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" initiative between China and Iraq, and injecting strong momentum into the sustainable development of Iraq's oil industry.

"Things that once seemed impossible can become possible"

The first rays of sunlight in the Lunar Year of the Horse shone on the Halfaya Oilfield. Chen Wenyu (陈文昱), Deputy Manager of the Engineering Department of Halfaya Company, arrived early at the CPF3 produced water treatment plant as usual to check its operation. This plant, which was put into operation just last year, has increased the oilfield's produced water treatment capacity from 50,000 barrels/day to 200,000 barrels/day, providing technical support for the recycling of produced wastewater while helping to increase crude oil production capacity.

"Through methods such as sedimentation, air flotation, filtration, and the addition of chemical agents, the treatment plant can separate sediment, oil droplets, and suspended solids from the produced water, turning the wastewater into qualified water that can be recycled," said Chen Wenyu (陈文昱). The treated produced water will then be injected back into the target oil layers of the oilfield through water injection booster pumping stations, achieving effective recycling of water resources and avoiding ecological and environmental pollution caused by wastewater discharge.

"Chinese friends have proven that things that once seemed impossible can become possible," said Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani (苏达尼), adding that by adopting environmentally friendly technologies and high standards, the economic added value of the Halfaya Oilfield has not only been effectively enhanced, but also avoided environmental and health problems for residents around the project.

Over the past 5 years, the Halfaya Oilfield has continuously promoted the iterative upgrading of process systems, relying on green projects such as natural gas processing plants to continuously improve clean energy supply and emission reduction effectiveness, and simultaneously promoting tree planting and maintenance, environmental monitoring, and biodiversity protection, strictly implementing wetland environmental protection requirements, and enhancing local recognition with visible and tangible ecological practices, and building consensus on shared development.

Pioneering the establishment of multi-well type three-dimensional well networks, pioneering the application of multi-branch horizontal well technology, first implementing layered water injection technology in ultra-thick carbonate reservoirs, and first carrying out gas lift production... The Halfaya Oilfield empowers high-quality development with technological innovation, creating a number of firsts in Iraq. Cai Lei (蔡磊), Deputy Manager of the Development Department of Halfaya Company, said that the project actively serves the joint construction of the "Belt and Road" initiative, promotes mutually beneficial and win-win energy cooperation between China and Iraq, and provides referable experience for international oil and gas cooperation.

"Empowering the endogenous driving force for the development of countries jointly building the 'Belt and Road'"

In 2009, a consortium led by China National Petroleum Corporation (中国石油天然气股份有限公司) won the development rights for the Halfaya Oilfield through international bidding. At the beginning of the project, there were only 8 oil wells scattered across the wasteland, with a daily crude oil production of less than 10,000 barrels. After systematic planning and continuous construction, the daily output of the Halfaya Oilfield has now jumped to more than 400,000 barrels, becoming one of the important pillars of oil production capacity in southern Iraq.

Iraqi petroleum engineer Karara Abatter (卡拉拉·阿巴特尔) joined Halfaya Company in 2016 after graduating from the Petroleum Engineering College. "I started as a field intern, learning the daily inspection procedures and safety regulations step by step, and now I have participated in oilfield planning and management," said Abatter, looking back on his personal growth experience. He added that his Chinese colleagues pay attention to every process detail, not only teaching him how to operate, but also patiently explaining the inherent logic of each safety requirement and technical standard.

Now, Abatter has begun to guide a new generation of young Iraqi engineers. "In this process, I have felt the precious significance of jointly building the 'Belt and Road' initiative. The cooperation between Iraq and Chinese companies in developing the Halfaya Oilfield has helped me and more Iraqi youth receive advanced technical training, empowering the endogenous driving force for the development of countries jointly building the 'Belt and Road'."

Since its establishment, Halfaya Company has relied on projects such as the "Iraqi Youth Training Program" to widely absorb local young talents, regularly employing more than 2,000 Iraqi employees, creating more than 6,300 jobs in the oil area, and cultivating a large number of local Iraqi petroleum engineering talents through organizing on-the-job training and studying abroad, and improving the development space and promotion system for local talents. Iraqi petroleum industry expert Hamza Jawashiri (哈姆扎·贾瓦希里) commented: "The Halfaya Oilfield has powerfully strengthened the development of the petroleum industry in southern Iraq."

"Made significant contributions to Iraq's economic development and improvement of people's livelihoods"

On New Year's Eve, the Halfaya Company cafeteria was newly decorated. Chinese and Iraqi employees exchanged greetings, made dumplings, pasted Spring Festival couplets, and performed programs together, enhancing communication through interaction. "During the event, my Chinese colleagues and I learned some everyday expressions from each other, and cultural exchange brought us closer," said Iraqi engineer Mustafa Ahmed (穆斯塔法·艾哈迈德).

Halfaya Company actively fulfills its social responsibilities and has long been committed to promoting local community development. In May last year, college students from the Maysan Petroleum Training Institute in Iraq visited the Halfaya Oilfield during the company's open day and attended a vivid training course on site. Hussein (侯赛因), an engineer at the Maysan Petroleum Training Institute, said: "We have a comprehensive understanding of the technology and practices of Halfaya Company, and the students have gained a lot. We hope to continue to carry out such activities in the future."

In January this year, Halfaya Company entered local communities and donated laptops and supporting network equipment to 45 primary and secondary schools in Iraq. This batch of donated materials will directly benefit nearly 16,000 Iraqi students, opening a window to the digital world for them. "This donation reflects the fruitful cooperation between Chinese enterprises and the community," said Jawad Kadhim (贾瓦德·卡迪姆), Director of the Maysan Provincial Education Bureau in Iraq, expressing his gratitude to the Chinese side for its support for local education. At the donation site, the children cheered excitedly when they saw the brand-new digital equipment.

From education and health to people's livelihood security, and then to road and bridge construction, over the past 15 years, Halfaya Company has launched a series of infrastructure projects benefiting people's livelihoods, completed dozens of public welfare projects, benefiting approximately 100,000 residents, and won the Outstanding Community Contribution Award issued by the Maysan Provincial Government of Iraq in 2025. Haider Rubai (海德尔·鲁拜伊), Chairman of the Iraqi-Chinese Friendship Association, said: "China-Iraq energy cooperation is a strategic cooperation under the framework of the high-quality joint construction of the 'Belt and Road' initiative, and Chinese projects have made significant contributions to Iraq's economic development and improvement of people's livelihoods."

(Inas Ibrahim (伊纳斯·易卜拉欣) from the Middle East Center Branch of this newspaper participated in the writing)

Layout design: Wang Zheping (汪哲平)

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China-Germany Open Cooperation Promotes Mutual and Global Development (Harmony Voice)

As long as China and Germany adhere to being reliable partners that support each other, open and mutually beneficial innovative partners, and culturally connected partners who know and understand each other, they will definitely be able to inject momentum into the development of China-Europe relations with the stability and vitality of China-Germany relations, and add stability, development, and cooperation to a turbulent world.

On February 25th, President Xi Jinping (习近平) met with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz (默茨), the first foreign leader to pay an official visit to China in the Lunar Year of the Horse, in Beijing (北京). President Xi Jinping (习近平) put forward three points of advice for the future development of China-Germany relations, providing strategic guidance for deepening bilateral relations. The international community believes that at a time when the international situation is intertwined with changes and chaos, China and Germany are jointly sending a positive signal of adhering to opening up and cooperation and working together to meet challenges, injecting stability and positive energy into a turbulent world.

China and Germany are the world's second and third largest economies respectively. China-Germany relations are not only related to the interests of the two countries, but also have an important radiating effect on Europe and the world. To ensure that this ship always sails on the correct course, the strategic leadership of the leaders is crucial. After Chancellor Scholz (默茨) took office last May, President Xi Jinping (习近平) spoke with him on the phone at his request. At the beginning of the Year of the Horse, Chancellor Scholz (默茨) launched his first visit to China during his tenure, accompanied by a high-level delegation including 30 representatives from the German business community. The German media evaluated the visit as having been "unprecedentedly carefully prepared." During the meeting, President Xi Jinping (习近平) proposed that China and Germany should be reliable partners that support each other, open and mutually beneficial innovative partners, and culturally connected partners who know and understand each other, and proposed that both sides take the lead in being defenders of multilateralism, practitioners of international rule of law, defenders of free trade, and advocates of unity and cooperation. This points out the direction of efforts for China-Germany relations to release potential, develop steadily, and benefit each other and the world. The two sides issued a joint press statement, agreeing that mutual respect, mutual benefit and win-win results, continued open dialogue, and cooperation in addressing common challenges are the fundamental principles for developing China-Germany relations. Chancellor Scholz (默茨) said that Germany cherishes its relations with China and is willing to continuously deepen the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries.

For a long time, China and Germany have been based on their own countries, developed rapidly, adhered to mutual respect and mutual trust, opening up and cooperation, and have written a successful story of mutual benefit and win-win results. From German companies helping China's automobile industry develop at the beginning of reform and opening up, to China now promoting the upgrading of the global automobile industry with green and digital technology innovation, the successful practice of the integrated development of the China-Germany automobile industry is a microcosm of China-Germany mutually beneficial cooperation. In recent years, the trade volume between China and Germany has remained above 200 billion US dollars, and the stock of two-way investment has exceeded 65 billion US dollars. The cooperation between the two countries has entered a new stage of two-way empowerment and cooperative innovation. During his visit, Chancellor Scholz (默茨) attended a symposium of the China-Germany Economic Advisory Committee, and went deep into enterprises and visited local areas to experience the new quality productive forces of China and the development achievements of Chinese-style modernization. A series of arrangements were described by German personnel as "joining the friends club of open dialogue." Germany's new development strategies in technology, innovation, digital and other fields are highly consistent with China's intelligent, green, and integrated development direction during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. The prospects for cooperation in the coordinated upgrading of traditional industries between the two sides are broad, and the potential for cooperation in emerging fields is huge. As long as the relationship between competition and cooperation is correctly grasped, both sides can find a mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation path to better promote the development of each other and the world.

The current international situation is undergoing the most profound changes since the end of World War II, the current international order has been severely impacted, and multilateralism is facing severe challenges. Against this background, European national leaders have intensively visited China, forming a "looking east" upsurge. European observers interpreted this as: "This shows that in an increasingly turbulent world, many people are beginning to realize that China is still a stable anchor." The international community has generally noted that China and Germany jointly issued a firm voice in maintaining the status of the United Nations, adhering to multilateralism and free trade, demonstrating the responsibility of major countries in maintaining world stability and prosperity. China always believes that Europe is an important pole in a multipolar world and supports Europe's independence and self-reliance. The more difficult the times, the more China and Europe must hold high the banner of multilateralism, adhere to the positioning of strategic partners, adhere to openness, inclusiveness, and win-win cooperation, promote greater development of China-Europe relations, and make greater contributions to world peace and development.

China adheres to the path of peaceful development, has the ability and confidence to achieve Chinese-style modernization, and will continue to share development opportunities with all countries in the world, including Germany. Looking forward to the future, as long as China and Germany adhere to being reliable partners that support each other, open and mutually beneficial innovative partners, and culturally connected partners who know and understand each other, they will definitely be able to inject momentum into the development of China-Europe relations with the stability and vitality of China-Germany relations, and add stability, development, and cooperation to a turbulent world.

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Spring Festival has become a shared cultural treasure of the world.

By: 本报记者 肖新新

"For my family and many relatives and friends, celebrating the Spring Festival is a particularly anticipated happy moment every year." Dmitry Mayatsky (德米特里·马亚茨基), the Russian Director of the Confucius Institute at St. Petersburg State University, said in an interview with this reporter that the Spring Festival is no longer just the Chinese New Year, but also a global festival and a global cultural event. As a common cultural heritage of all mankind, the Spring Festival connects China and other countries in the world more closely, becoming a bridge to promote exchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations.

Mayatsky (马亚茨基) entered the Department of Oriental Studies at St. Petersburg State University in 1999 to study Chinese, and later studied at Beijing Language and Culture University (北京语言大学). During his time in China, he experienced the Spring Festival for the first time. "Red lanterns, fragrant dumplings, firecrackers... The prosperity and the auspicious and festive way Chinese people celebrate the New Year left me with unforgettable and beautiful memories," said Mayatsky (马亚茨基).

Mayatsky (马亚茨基) has long been engaged in the study of Chinese literature, Chinese opera and other arts, and has a deep understanding of traditional Chinese culture. He said that in the long history of Chinese civilization, the Spring Festival culture has a rich accumulation. There are many descriptions of celebrating the New Year and the Spring Festival in classical Chinese literary works and ancient poems. He said that the Spring Festival embodies the precious historical memory, values and cultural concepts of the Chinese nation, and is an important witness to the continuous development of Chinese civilization.

"The Spring Festival also contains common cultural connotations and traditional values ​​of various countries in the world." Mayatsky (马亚茨基) said that a series of Spring Festival traditions embody the beautiful hopes and pursuits of bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new, family reunion, and harmony between family and country, and contain the wisdom of adapting to the seasons and respecting nature, reflecting the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

In December 2024, "Spring Festival - Social Practices of Chinese People Celebrating the Traditional New Year" was included in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. "The Spring Festival has become a cultural treasure shared by the world." Mayatsky (马亚茨基) said that many countries and regions regard the Spring Festival as a statutory holiday, and about 1/5 of the world's population celebrates the Spring Festival in different forms, which fully reflects the influence and appeal of Chinese culture, and reflects the common pursuit of people of all countries for peace, harmony and a happy life. From East to West, from the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere, the appeal of the Spring Festival transcends geographical boundaries, continuously enhances mutual understanding among people of all countries, and powerfully promotes exchanges, interactions and integration among world civilizations.

In recent years, Spring Festival activities have been increasingly welcomed and loved by the Russian people. This year, Moscow (莫斯科) held a series of Spring Festival celebrations for the third consecutive year, and St. Petersburg (圣彼得堡) celebrated the Spring Festival at the official level for the twelfth time. Mayatsky (马亚茨基) said that for many Russian people, the Spring Festival is no longer an "exotic custom," but a part of life. The Spring Festival no longer stays in the written introduction of books or brochures, but enters many Russian families. "The Russian traditional New Year also has expectations for reunion, prosperity and abundance. This spiritual resonance makes the Spring Festival so kind and familiar to us," said Mayatsky (马亚茨基).

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"We have found a path to prosperity."

By: 本报记者 黄培昭

In the vast fields of the Central River Region of Gambia (冈比亚) located in the tropics, the scorching sun shines on an endless golden ocean. A gentle breeze blows, the rice ears sway softly, and the rice leaves rustle. Looking at the Maruo Farm (马鲁奥农场) in front of him, farmer Musa Dabo (穆萨·达博) is overjoyed: "This heralds another harvest season."

Just a few years ago, the scene on this land was quite different. In 2018, Dabo returned to Gambia (冈比亚) from the United States, inherited his father's business, and devoted himself to agriculture, but encountered a 迎头痛击 (yíng tóu tòng jī - "head-on blow," a severe setback or blow). "I had a lot of enthusiasm, but I knew nothing about rice cultivation. At first, the weeds were taller than the rice seedlings, irrigation depended on the weather, and harvesting depended on hand labor. Although the investment was huge, the harvest was meager," Dabo (达博) said.

The turning point came in July 2019. Dabo (达博) met Huang Zhi (黄智), the country manager of Longping High-Tech (隆平高科), who was carrying out agricultural technology cooperation in Gambia (冈比亚), and his team. From seed selection to planting, the Chinese experts provided hands-on help and introduced professional equipment such as rice transplanters and harvesters. Huang Zhi (黄智) still remembers the scene when he first saw Maruo Farm (马鲁奥农场): "At that time, it was a traditional and extensive planting method. The land was uneven, the seedlings were weak and the weeds were abundant. Although I could feel the farmer's efforts, the lack of technological support made it difficult to increase the yield."

The reporter saw that in a comparative experimental field, the Chinese hybrid rice plants were tall and straight, with large ears and many grains. "Look, this is the power of technology." Dabo (达博) squatted on the ridge of the field and gently lifted a hybrid rice ear: "Chinese experts taught us how to scientifically soak and germinate seeds, and how to control the density of transplanting, just like arranging a comfortable home for the rice, so that they can fully absorb sunlight and nutrients." He introduced that the local rice yield per hectare has now reached 10.8 tons, which is 2 to 3 times higher than the yield of local rice varieties.

Deep in the farm, a roar came, and a Chinese brand combine harvester moved steadily in the golden waves of rice, "swallowing" the rice plants in large gulps, and instantly "spitting" out golden grains. "This is something we never dared to think about before!" Dabo (达博) raised his voice, trying to drown out the roar of the machine. "In the past, the amount of work that dozens of us did bending over to cut for a whole day can now be completed by a combine harvester in one or two hours, and the loss is reduced by at least 30%!"

The Chinese team not only brought machinery and equipment, but also brought suitable technical solutions: using rotary tillers instead of old-fashioned disc plows to make the paddy fields more level and easier to manage; introducing efficient mobile water pumps to ensure worry-free irrigation in the dry season; and establishing a agricultural machinery maintenance system to allow these modern machines to continue to serve the farm.

With the strong support of Chinese agricultural experts and the Gambian Ministry of Agriculture (冈比亚农业部), Dabo (达博) established a "company + farmer" cooperative model, providing more than 2,000 farmers in the surrounding area with high-quality Chinese seeds and fertilizers, and providing a full set of mechanized services and agricultural product processing support from arable land and rice transplanting to harvesting and processing.

"The Chinese not only taught us how to grow crops, but also taught us how to organize and develop together." Cooperative member Rohi Samate (罗希·萨马特) told reporters, "In the past, we grew rice just to make a living. Now, we have found a path to prosperity."

Gambian Minister of Agriculture Demba Sabally (登巴·萨巴利) said: "In the past, our rice was heavily dependent on imports. Today, the high-yield seeds and modern agricultural experience brought by the Chinese technology team are key factors in Gambia's (冈比亚) record rice production. This gives us great confidence in achieving our food security goals."

As the sun sets, the rice fields are bathed in golden afterglow, and the harvesters are still busy. Dabo (达博) stood by the field and looked at this vibrant land, his face full of smiles: "I once wanted to give up the farm, but now I see hope." This "handshake" between Chinese technology and fertile African land is nurturing a tomorrow of abundant harvests and hope.

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North Korea Holds Military Parade Commemorating the 9th Party Congress

According to the Korean Central News Agency (朝中社) on February 26th, North Korea held a military parade on February 25th at Kim Il-sung Square (金日成广场) in Pyongyang (平壤) to commemorate the 9th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea (朝鲜劳动党).

Kim Jong-un (金正恩), General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (朝鲜劳动党), said in a speech at the military parade that the North Korean army is ready to deal with any situation. For any hostile military acts that violate national sovereignty and security interests, North Korea will immediately carry out retaliatory strikes.

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Chinese Representative Sternly Refutes False Remarks by Japan and a Few Other Countries

This newspaper's Berlin dispatch on February 26th (Reporter Xu Xin (徐馨)): Geneva news: On the 25th, the Chinese representative at the high-level meeting of the 61st session of the United Nations Human Rights Council severely refuted the untrue remarks about China made by a few countries, including Japan (日本).

The Chinese representative pointed out that at present, Xinjiang (新疆) and Tibet (西藏) have sustained economic development, social stability, and the rights of people of all ethnic groups are fully guaranteed. Since the implementation of the Hong Kong National Security Law, Hong Kong (香港) has entered a new stage of governance and prosperity. Japan (日本) and other countries spread false information and attack and smear China (中国). China (中国) strongly opposes and firmly rejects this.

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Firmly Grasp the Initiative in Development by Moving Towards the New and the Superior

By: 新华社记者 魏玉坤 周 圆 张晓洁

Observing a major country's economy requires not only looking at quantity but also quality.

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) profoundly pointed out that high-quality development should continuously improve labor efficiency, capital efficiency, land efficiency, resource efficiency, and environmental efficiency, continuously enhance the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress, and continuously improve total factor productivity.

Total factor productivity is the overall efficiency of converting factor inputs into outputs, determining the degree of intrinsic economic development and the level of potential growth rate, and reflecting the structure and quality of economic development.

The latest research shows that the improvement of scientific and technological innovation has strongly supported the growth of China's total factor productivity, with an average annual growth rate of 2.2% from 2013 to 2023, ranking third among 120 economies in the world. Behind this is the optimization of China's economic structure and the continuous enhancement of innovation momentum, making high-quality development more confident and resilient.

In the first year of the "15th Five-Year Plan," adhering to innovation-driven development and comprehensively deepening reform will lay a solid foundation for the Chinese economy to cope with changes and open up new prospects.

Adhere to Innovation-Driven Development and Fully Release Factor Efficiency

In the intelligent workshop of Rizhao Yulan New Materials Co., Ltd. (日照市昱岚新材料有限公司), a 3mm-thick steel coil is "swallowed" from one end of the production line and "spit out" from the other end in 5 minutes, transforming into a thin steel plate less than 0.1mm thick. The industry miracle of "steel thinner than paper" is vividly staged here.

A piece of "steel" can "shoulder the heavy responsibility." In Rizhao (日照), Shandong (山东), a steel industry chain with an output value of 200 billion yuan is accelerating its climb to the high end of the global value chain, and technology, the "key variable," has become the "largest increment" in the high-quality development of the local steel industry.

Economic growth requires both the accumulation of production factors and the continuous improvement of total factor productivity. The key to improving total factor productivity lies in promoting the concentration of various advanced factors towards the development of new quality productive forces.

In February of this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized during his inspection in Beijing (北京) the need to coordinate the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, strengthen the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and vigorously develop new quality productive forces.

From increasing the proportion of investment in basic research to increasing the amount of re-lending for technological innovation and technological transformation, from deeply implementing the industrial base reengineering project to comprehensively implementing the "Artificial Intelligence +" action, China adheres to both scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, fully stimulates the vitality of technological factors, and promotes the steady improvement of total factor productivity.

On the morning of February 25, on Bantian Street (坂田街) in Longgang (龙岗), Shenzhen (深圳), a Neolix unmanned delivery vehicle completed logistics distribution according to newly opened routes. The change in driving trajectory, from "no way to go" to "full-area opening," reflects Shenzhen's determination to actively open up scenarios and embrace innovation.

Shenzhen (深圳) insists on using the entire city as a testing ground for new technologies. In Futian (福田), humanoid robots are exploring participation in subway security checks; in Nanshan (南山), robots follow police officers on street patrols; in Baoan (宝安), robots provide "non-closing" night-time government services.

Leveraging China's super-large market and rich application scenario advantages, accelerating scenario cultivation and opening up, promoting the transformation of innovative achievements, and accelerating the transition of more new technologies, new products, and new business forms from "laboratories" to production and life.

Establishing national university regional technology transfer and transformation centers, forming high-energy innovation platforms, optimizing the systematic layout of manufacturing pilot platforms... A series of deployments promote the seamless connection between the innovation chain and the industrial chain, allowing innovation to better empower industries, industries to better stimulate innovation, and promote economic growth to be more qualitative and have more staying power.

The industrial "foundation" is becoming more solid. Grain output has remained stable at over 1.4 trillion jin for two consecutive years, the added value of manufacturing has remained the world's largest for 16 consecutive years, the contribution rate of industrial added value to economic growth has risen to 35%, and the proportion of service industry added value in gross domestic product (GDP) has increased to 57.7%.

New momentum is accumulating. The added value of high-tech manufacturing above designated size accounts for more than 17% of the added value of industry above designated size, the added value of the digital economy is expected to reach 49 trillion yuan, the proportion of new energy vehicles in domestic new car sales exceeds 50%, and the integrated application of the industrial internet comprehensively covers 41 major industrial categories.

In 2025, China will rank among the top ten in the global innovation index, remaining firmly at the top of the 36 upper-middle-income economies. UN Under-Secretary-General Guy Ryder described China's scientific and technological innovation as "entering a period of innovation explosion."

Do a Good Job in the "Grand Article" of Reform and Promote the Optimal Allocation of Factors

Scoring based on indicators such as per-mu tax revenue and per-mu revenue, increasing financial subsidies for "top students," and improving the efficiency of land resource utilization. In Quanjiao (全椒), Anhui (安徽), the continuously deepening per-mu benefit reform promotes the shift of resource allocation from "emphasizing quantity" to "emphasizing quality."

"Deepening the per-mu benefit reform, allowing more inefficient enterprises to 'lose weight' and high-quality enterprises to 'strengthen their muscles and bones,' has activated the 'pool of spring water' for the high-quality development of the industrial economy. In 2025, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in the county reached a new high, reaching 8.66 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.2%," said Chi Yuegui (池月贵), Director of the Bureau of Industry and Information Technology of Quanjiao County (全椒县工业和信息化局局长).

Market allocation of resources is the most efficient form. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) profoundly pointed out that it is necessary to deepen the market-oriented allocation reform of factors and actively eliminate local protection, market segmentation, and "involution" competition.

"Deepening the market-oriented allocation reform of factors, the core lies in handling the relationship between the government and the market," said Zhang Linshan (张林山), a researcher at the Macroeconomic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委宏观经济研究院研究员). "Improving the institutional rules of the factor market and giving full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation is a key move to improve total factor productivity."

Focusing on deepening the market-oriented allocation reform of factors, various regions, based on their own resource endowments, explore and innovate in accordance with local conditions, promote the efficient flow and precise connection of various factors across regions and fields, and make economic and social development more "blood-rich and energetic."

In Shanxi (山西), the mechanism by which the market mainly determines factor prices is constantly improving, and the vitality of the factor market is continuously released.

Walking into the Shanxi Electric Power Trading Hall (山西电力交易大厅), the reporter saw real-time data on the screen showing the power output of thermal power, wind power, and photovoltaic power.

"The Shanxi (山西) electricity spot market incorporates all electricity into the competition mechanism, giving play to the 'baton' role of prices, and arranging for new energy enterprises to clear first, promoting the rational use of resources," said the relevant person in charge of the Shanxi Provincial Energy Bureau (山西省能源局).

The market trading platform effectively reduces the institutional costs of factor transactions and unblocks the "blood vessels" of factor flow. In 2025, the volume of electricity traded in the national electricity market increased by 7.4% year-on-year, the transaction amount of technology contracts increased by 19.1%, and the transaction volume of carbon emission allowances in the carbon emission trading market increased by about 24%, injecting new impetus into economic growth.

In Hebei (河北), a unified factor market is accelerating its formation, and the efficiency of factor resource allocation is steadily improving.

Scanning an ID card, querying insurance information, printing an insurance certificate... In the Yanjiao (燕郊) Center of the Sanhe (三河) Municipal Government Service in Hebei (河北), Mr. Wang (王先生) used less than 1 minute to print a Beijing (北京) insurance certificate on a self-service terminal.

"Through remote interaction, off-site receipt of documents, and other methods, the center can handle 3301 government service items in Beijing (北京), 698 items in Tianjin (天津), and 2413 items in Hebei (河北), attracting many foreign talents and enterprises to settle in Sanhe (三河), which strongly supports local high-quality development," said Shi Song (石松), the head of the center.

China has approximately 150 million inter-provincial migrants each year. By fully abolishing the household registration restrictions for participating in insurance in the place of employment and promoting the off-site withdrawal of housing provident funds, China's labor force and talent can flow smoothly, and the ability to gather is significantly enhanced.

Further removing the institutional and mechanism barriers that hinder the free flow and efficient allocation of factors, reform measures are accelerating their implementation: carrying out three pilot reforms for the empowerment of job-related scientific and technological achievements, the separate management of job-related scientific and technological achievement assets, and the evaluation of scientific and technological achievements, stimulating the enthusiasm of scientific researchers for the transformation of achievements; promoting the entry of medium- and long-term funds into the market and establishing an assessment system suitable for long-term investment; iteratively releasing five versions of the market access negative list to ensure that all types of business entities use production factors equally and in accordance with the law...

In 2025, the proportion of inter-provincial trade sales in total sales rose to 41%, and the proportion of inter-provincial and inter-regional electricity transactions in the national electricity market transactions rose to 24%. The ratio of total social logistics costs to GDP fell to 13.9%, the best level since statistics began. These "two increases and one decrease" reflect the greater optimization of factor allocation and the continuous reduction of market transaction costs.

Connecting the two major domestic and foreign markets is conducive to the smooth flow of resource factors on a larger scale, forming a strong attraction field for advanced global resource factors.

Growth of 6.1%! In 2025, China's exports withstood headwinds and maintained a growth trend. Among them, exports of high-tech products and "new three items" products increased by 13.2% and 27.1% year-on-year, respectively, and exports of independent brand products increased by 12.9%. The "password" for stabilizing quantity and improving quality comes from China's promotion of high-level opening up to the outside world.

"Clearing" restrictions on foreign investment access in manufacturing, and orderly promoting pilot projects for opening up in the service industry; data exchanges in Shanghai (上海), Shenzhen (深圳), and other places introducing cross-border data merchants from overseas markets; expanding the industry coverage of the national carbon emission trading market... Adhering to high-quality "bringing in" and high-level "going out," China is constantly improving its global resource allocation capabilities and shaping new advantages in international competition and cooperation.

The improvement of total factor productivity is not only a manifestation of technological innovation but also a release of institutional dividends. Deepening reform and opening up, from internal system optimization and external resource introduction, empowers the improvement of total factor productivity in both directions, smoothing the national economic cycle.

Improve Total Factor Productivity and Release New Potential for Economic Growth

On January 13, the Guangzhou (广州) Urban Trusted Data Space fully opened Internet access to the public, aiming to break down technical barriers, reduce the threshold for data access, and allow all types of entities to equally share the development dividends of data factors.

Since the beginning of this year, focusing on key areas and key links in the construction of the factor market, 10 comprehensive reform pilot areas for market-oriented allocation of factors, including the nine cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区) and Chongqing (重庆), have taken the initiative to remove institutional and mechanism barriers and fully release the vitality of the factor market.

During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, China's development environment faces profound and complex changes: looking inward, the degree of population aging is deepening, hard constraints such as resources and the environment are increasing, and the traditional driving force of economic growth is gradually weakening; looking outward, economic globalization is encountering headwinds, and world economic growth is weak.

"The steady improvement of total factor productivity is the core support for activating the potential and vitality of China's economic growth," said Xu Zhaoyuan (许召元), Deputy Director of the Department of Industrial Economics of the Development Research Center of the State Council (国务院发展研究中心产业经济研究部副部长). Relevant research estimates show that by 2035, when China basically realizes socialist modernization, it needs to maintain the average annual growth rate of total factor productivity at around 2%.

After years of development and accumulation, China has many favorable conditions and foundations for improving total factor productivity:

Looking at human resource factors, the population aged 16 to 59 is 851.36 million, possessing the world's largest and most complete talent resources, promoting the orderly flow of labor and talent, and will gather the talent development synergy to support high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology.

Looking at technological factors, the number of global top 100 science and technology innovation clusters has ranked first in the world for three consecutive years, and major scientific research achievements in cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence are emerging in competition, promoting the efficient allocation of technological factors, which will strongly support the development of new quality productive forces and build new advantages for future development.

Looking at resource and environmental factors, the world's largest carbon emission trading market and the world's largest renewable energy system have been built, smoothing the flow of resource and environmental factors, which will continuously enhance the driving force for green development and cultivate the green background of high-quality development.

The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal lists "steady improvement of total factor productivity" as one of the main goals of economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period and makes a series of important deployments on "accelerating the improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of factors."

Since the beginning of this year, policies have continued to increase and form synergy, further promoting the smooth flow and efficient allocation of factors:

The "Action Plan for the Integrated Empowerment of Industrial Internet and Artificial Intelligence" and the "Implementation Opinions on the 'Artificial Intelligence + Manufacturing' Special Action" have been released to promote the deep integration of digital technology and the real economy throughout the entire chain; the "Notice on Promoting the Interconnection and Mutual Recognition of Vocational Skill Certificates" has been issued to break down barriers to the flow of skilled personnel and promote the rational flow and effective allocation of skilled personnel resources...

From creating an over-the-counter market for the integration of spot and futures for bulk commodities and steadily promoting the pilot program for qualified foreign limited partners, to optimizing market access for new fields and new business forms such as the low-altitude economy and deepening factor guarantees in the service industry, Zhejiang (浙江), Shaanxi (陕西), Beijing (北京), and other places are planning new strategies and taking practical measures to innovate factor allocation methods and better stimulate market vitality.

The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委) stated that it will conscientiously organize and implement the comprehensive reform pilot work for the market-oriented allocation of factors, focusing on key areas and key links such as the market-oriented formation of factor prices and unblocking factor circulation channels, implementing reforms with classified policies, and carrying out differentiated reform explorations around the goals of improving factor allocation efficiency and cultivating and developing new quality productive forces, and accelerating the formation of replicable and scalable paths and models nationwide.

Recently, international institutions such as Standard Chartered Bank in the United Kingdom have raised their 2026 China (中国) GDP growth expectations, one of the main reasons being that they believe that China's total factor productivity will continue to improve.

Taking both establishment and abolition measures and promoting coordination, steadily improving total factor productivity, expanding the space for economic growth, and releasing the driving force for economic growth, the giant ship of China (中国) will surely continue to win the initiative, win advantages, and win the future in "climbing to higher levels" and "leaping to new heights."

(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), February 26)

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Nationwide, 22,554 Cases of Violations of the Central Eight-Point Regulation Spirit Were Investigated and Handled in January

This newspaper reported from Beijing on February 26th (Reporter Zhao Cheng (赵成)) The website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Supervisory Commission (中央纪委国家监委) published the monthly report data on the handling of violations of the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulation (中央八项规定) nationwide on the 26th. The report shows that in January of this year, a total of 22,554 cases of violations of the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulation (中央八项规定) were investigated and dealt with nationwide, with 28,544 people receiving criticism, education, and handling (including 9 provincial and ministerial-level cadres and 148 prefectural and departmental-level cadres), and 20,446 people were given Party disciplinary and government sanctions.

According to the report, a total of 10,398 cases of formalism and bureaucracy were investigated and dealt with nationwide in January of this year, with 13,748 people receiving criticism, education, and handling. Among them, the most investigated and dealt with were problems related to "failing to fulfill responsibilities, serve economic and social development and ecological environmental protection, being irresponsible, inactive, acting recklessly, and engaging in false actions, seriously affecting high-quality development," with 8,806 cases investigated and dealt with, and 11,730 people receiving criticism, education, and handling.

According to the report, a total of 12,156 cases of hedonism and extravagance were investigated and dealt with nationwide in January of this year, with 14,796 people receiving criticism, education, and handling. Among them, 6,980 cases were investigated and dealt with involving violations of regulations on receiving and giving valuable local products, gifts, and gift money; 1,353 cases involved violations of regulations on issuing allowances or benefits; and 2,613 cases involved violations of regulations on eating and drinking.

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Weaving a Beautiful Landscape with Every Stitch (People's Forum)

By: 周珊珊

Before the New Year, my father sent several photos, some showing long queues and bustling crowds, others featuring "three-five dry pot" dishes with sizzling aromas. Upon asking, I discovered he had caught up with the trend and gone to Guangde (广德), Anhui (安徽) to eat the newly popular internet-famous "three-piece set." Guangde is not far from my hometown, a "neighbor" so familiar that it couldn't be more so, but now it surprises us with a brand-new look.

My hometown has also become a bit "unrecognizable." I went back during the Spring Festival holiday, and that familiar strangeness made me feel a lot of emotions. In the past, returning home once every year or two, the sights and feelings were no different from my memories. Now, it vaguely resembles the old scenery, but everywhere reveals differences. During the holiday, scenic spots offered free admission and public transportation was free, making it enjoyable and convenient for citizens and tourists to visit. The once desolate and dilapidated abandoned small gardens and dead-end roads filled with construction waste have been transformed into "pocket parks." Laughter has replaced the silence of the past, with people running, playing ball, or children playing in the sand.

My colleagues often talk about their hometowns, expressing similar feelings. Even after a short absence, their hometowns have quietly undergone new changes. These changes are not 大刀阔斧 (dà dāo kuò fǔ - "bold and decisive," drastic and sweeping), but rather like embroidery, stitching carefully and gently into this world.

Development is like a magnificent picture, and the atmosphere of everyday life is the most beautiful scenery within it. Countless people in endless distances are using small innovations to embroider this magnificent scene, making it new every day, full of vitality, and creating a beautiful future of high-quality development.

The mountains are still the same mountains, and the water is still the same water. But with changes in concepts and ideas, the mountains and water embroidered with each stitch are no longer just mountains and water.

My hometown is in Anhui (安徽). The crops grown in the fields and the animals running on the roads are just ordinary agricultural products, but now many new things have emerged. Huoqiu's (霍邱) foie gras and Quanjiao's (全椒) pecans, these "foreign specialties" that once sounded unfamiliar, have taken root and borne fruit here. Shifting from relying on the mountains for sustenance and relying on the water for sustenance to adapting to local conditions and empowering innovation, the resources remain the same, but with a change in concept, the homeland opens a new chapter.

A friend from Rugao (如皋), Jiangsu (江苏), said that when she was a child, black cabbage was everywhere in her home, and no one took it seriously. But now, thanks to cold chain technology, this inconspicuous "local vegetable" has taken a plane overseas and become a rare item on the tables of foreigners. And then there's Harbin (哈尔滨), where the ice and snow were once a common winter sight for the locals. By making good use of it and adding enthusiastic service, it has delighted visitors from all directions, and even the locals exclaimed, "Harbin (尔滨), you make me feel strange." Green mountains and clear waters, and ice and snow, are all gold and silver mountains. With ideas taking root and new thinking emerging, ordinary scenery also has new value coordinates.

It seems that the reason why those familiar mountains, rivers, customs, production, and life are filled with a fresh atmosphere and a new spirit is rooted in the change of people's mentality.

When old streets are renovated, old residents are invited to tell stories of the past; residents jointly participate in improving community public facilities; and when rural areas develop tourism, many capable people return to their hometowns, holding up their mobile phones to introduce their own mountains and rivers... No one is a bystander, and everyone has become an "embroiderer" of a better life.

This beauty not only touches countless travelers but also infects many foreign friends. Recently, "becoming Chinese" has become a fashionable thing overseas, and "spending the Chinese New Year in China" is the latest trend. Foreign friends wear Hanfu (汉服), learn to drink tea, eat hot pot, and learn Chinese songs with difficulty.

Today, as people more universally participate and build, and as the dividends of development are continuously transformed into the people's sense of gain, the subjectivity of countless people is transformed into infinite innovation and creation, weaving a beautiful landscape in millions of stitches.

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "On the new journey of Chinese-style modernization, everyone is the protagonist, every contribution is precious, and every ray of light shines brightly." Whether it is hometown or other places, whether it is near or far, the shuttling of countless people with each stitch is the appearance of China's growth in the new era.

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The 21st Meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee Deliberates in Groups on the Draft Work Report of the NPC Standing Committee

This newspaper's Beijing (北京) dispatch on February 26th (Reporter Peng Bo (彭波)): The 21st meeting of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee held group discussions on the 26th to deliberate the draft work report of the National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee to be submitted to the 4th session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大) for review.

Members of the National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee and those present at the meeting fully affirmed the work of the Standing Committee over the past year and generally agreed with the draft report. Everyone unanimously agreed that under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the National People's Congress (全国人大) Standing Committee adhered to the guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (党的二十大) and the spirit of the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, and closely focused on the overall work of the Party and the country to perform its duties and responsibilities in accordance with the law, achieving new progress and new results in various aspects of its work. It fulfilled its duties in accordance with the law to ensure the implementation of the Constitution and strengthen constitutional supervision, revised the Organic Law of the Villagers' Committee and the Organic Law of the Urban Residents' Committee, made a decision on the establishment of Taiwan Retrocession Day (台湾光复纪念日), promoted the work of constitutional review and record review, and safeguarded the unity of the national rule of law. It strengthened legislation in key areas, emerging fields, and foreign-related fields, formulated and revised a number of laws such as the Law on Promoting the Private Economy, the Atomic Energy Law, the Foreign Trade Law, the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, the Civil Aviation Law, the Cybersecurity Law, the National Park Law, and the Law on Publicity and Education on the Rule of Law, deliberated on the draft Ecological Environment Code, the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, and the National Development Plan Law and submitted them to the Congress for review, and carried out centralized law cleanup. It promoted scientific legislation, democratic legislation, and legislation in accordance with the law, focused on improving the quality of legislation, and used good laws to promote reform, promote development, and ensure good governance. Focusing on the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the people's thoughts, expectations, and wishes, it implemented correct supervision, effective supervision, and supervision in accordance with the law, organized special research on several important issues in the preparation of the "15th Five-Year Plan" outline, strengthened supervision of financial and economic work, improved the implementation mechanism of the Supervision Law, and enhanced the pertinence and effectiveness of supervision work. It studied, publicized, and implemented the newly revised Deputies Law, strengthened the ties between the Standing Committee and the deputies, and between the deputies and the people, improved the quality and efficiency of handling deputies' proposals and suggestions, and supported and guaranteed that the deputies performed their duties and played their roles in accordance with the law. It actively carried out foreign exchanges of the National People's Congress (全国人大), attended multilateral activities such as the Sixth World Conference of Speakers of Parliament, actively promoted China's (中国) concepts, propositions, and successful practices, and better served the overall national diplomacy. In accordance with the requirements of the "four organs," it strengthened the self-construction of the Standing Committee, deepened theoretical study, improved political ability, changed its work style and established a new style, and continuously improved its ability and level of performing its duties.

The comrades attending the meeting put forward opinions and suggestions on revising and improving the draft report and strengthening and improving the work of the National People's Congress (全国人大). Everyone unanimously stated that they should unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, practice whole-process people's democracy, implement the deployment requirements of comprehensively governing the country according to law, give play to the advantages of the country's fundamental political system, promote the high-quality development of the work of the National People's Congress (全国人大) while maintaining stability and seeking progress, and contribute to creating a new situation in the construction of Chinese-style modernization.

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Photo Story

On February 26th, at the intelligent seedling raising room of the Yunmeng Tianlü Agricultural Affairs Comprehensive Service Center (云梦田律农事综合服务中心) in Xiaogan (孝感) City, Hubei (湖北) Province, employees were busy selecting seeds and raising seedlings to prepare for spring plowing and planting. The picture shows the center's employees checking the cultivated seedlings.

Photo by Hu Xuejun (胡学军) (People's Vision)

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Grasping the Pain Points of Upstream and Downstream Industries More Accurately (Acting with Dedication, Embarking on a New Journey Together - Stories of NPC Deputies and CPPCC Members Fulfilling Their Duties)

By: 本报记者 李 纵

"Representative Chen (陈代表), you must help us strive for better policies. Relying on the weather for our livelihoods is too risky. A single strong typhoon can wipe out years of accumulated gains." This is what Chen Yang (陈阳), a National People's Congress (全国人大) representative and quality inspector at the production center of Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (广东越群海洋生物科技股份有限公司), heard most often from aquaculture farmers during her research over the past year.

"People's Congress representatives must 两头走路 (liǎng tóu zǒu lù - "walk on both ends," to work in both directions, connecting the grassroots with higher levels): bringing the situation at the grassroots level to the top as it is, and bringing the policies down to the grassroots level clearly," said Chen Yang (陈阳). At the 2025 National People's Congress (全国两会), Chen Yang (陈阳) submitted a proposal on promoting the universal coverage of aquaculture insurance. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) clearly replied that it would cooperate with the Ministry of Finance (财政部) and the National Financial Regulatory Administration (金融监管总局) to further study and promote the construction of a fishery policy insurance system.

Chen Yang (陈阳) was very encouraged by the reply. This year, she plans to submit another proposal on promoting the universal coverage of aquaculture insurance to serve the high-quality development of aquaculture.

Once she identifies the direction, she works hard to push forward. This "seriousness" stems from Chen Yang's (陈阳) job as a quality inspector. "I do quality control in the company, and I deal with aquatic seedlings and feed every day. Whether the quality of the feed is stable is directly related to whether the farmers' harvest this year can be secured. So I must be precise and meticulous. Every batch of test data is a promise to the farmers," said Chen Yang (陈阳).

"The identity of a National People's Congress (全国人大) representative has taken me from a production line and a company to a broader industry perspective. I have a responsibility to ensure that the demands I hear in the workshop and by the ponds are heard, valued, and promoted for resolution." In the past year, Chen Yang (陈阳) has conducted special investigations in many cities in Guangdong (广东) on marine ranch construction, green and beautiful Guangdong (绿美广东) ecological construction, and promoting the high-quality development of the circular economy. Currently, Chen Yang (陈阳) is focusing more on three keywords: healthy aquaculture, ecological balance, and the safety of inputs.

"These are actually not new topics, but they all need continuous follow-up and continuous innovation. Aquaculture cannot only calculate output accounts, but also ecological and safety accounts," said Chen Yang (陈阳). "How to ensure that the industry does not overdraw the carrying capacity of the water area while increasing production? How to control the safety and quality of inputs from the source? These are both technical issues and related to policies, and require more targeted recommendations."

"We must not only guard a point well and do our job as a quality inspector, so that we have the confidence to speak with solid work; but also connect a chain, so that we can see the pain points of the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain more fully and accurately, especially in the direction of cultivating new quality productive forces, transforming scientific and technological achievements, and green transformation, and put forward more practical suggestions," said Chen Yang (陈阳).

Reporter's Notes

Turning Worries into Real Security

Chen Yang (陈阳) said: "If I don't do my job well and can't keep the test data, it won't be effective to speak for the industry." She keeps on her phone the on-site pictures after the typhoon, and those scattered cages and silent farmers constantly remind her to work hard to turn the farmers' worries about "how to get through it" into real security of policies and measures.

Running on the front line and delving into the details. Chen Yang's (陈阳) work is mostly on the mud banks by the ponds, without spotlights, but with a sense of steadfastness that makes people feel at ease. Just like the seedlings and feed she tests every day – the data is not falsified, and the weight is not short.

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Bringing Innovative Drugs Closer to Patients (Acting with Responsibility, Embarking on a New Journey Together – Stories of NPC Deputies and CPPCC Members Fulfilling Their Duties)

By: 本报记者 白光迪

The corridor outside the sterile ward was quiet and bright. Wu Depei (吴德沛) stood outside the isolation door, picked up the phone and dialed the extension in the ward: "The blood count is rising, and the indicators are better than last week. As long as it stabilizes a little more, we can consider a bone marrow transplant. Let's take it one step at a time." The patient nodded gently, and the sunlight outside the window fell on the clean white sheets.

Long-term clinical work has given Wu Depei (吴德沛), a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (全国政协委员) and a hematology expert at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (苏州大学附属第一医院), a deep understanding of the long-standing and difficult problems in the medical field—"Many patients are not without drugs for treatment, but cannot afford innovative drugs."

How to truly bring innovative drugs to patients has become the starting point for Wu Depei's (吴德沛) work in recent years. On the one hand, he has carried out joint research with relevant innovative drug companies to promote the acceleration of clinical research, so that more patients can receive treatment in standardized clinical research. "Many innovative drugs have not yet been launched, but have already shown effects in clinical research. For many patients, entering clinical research is a new hope. Innovation must go to the clinic and ultimately return to the patient," Wu Depei (吴德沛) said.

On the other hand, Wu Depei (吴德沛) has devoted more energy to research. Before the National People's Congress (全国两会) last year, he conducted systematic research on the accessibility of innovative drugs, visited medical institutions, pharmaceutical companies and insurance institutions, and exchanged views with the National Healthcare Security Administration (国家医保局), the National Health Commission (国家卫生健康委), financial regulatory authorities and other parties to sort out the blockages in the process of innovative drugs from research and development to payment. "It is difficult for basic medical insurance alone to bear the payment needs of high-value innovative drugs, and commercial insurance must be involved." Around this goal, Wu Depei (吴德沛) repeatedly improved his suggestions, proposed the establishment of a connection mechanism of "basic medical insurance + commercial insurance + social assistance," promoted the compilation of a commercial health insurance innovative drug catalog, participated in special seminars many times and continued to track policy progress. Wu Depei (吴德沛) said: "Performing duties does not end after making suggestions, but requires continuous follow-up."

At the end of 2025, the "Commercial Health Insurance Innovative Drug Catalog (2025)" (《商业健康保险创新药品目录（2025年）》) was officially released. When the news came, Wu Depei (吴德沛) was making rounds, but could not hide the excitement in his heart. "This means that there is one more channel for the payment of innovative drugs, which is one step closer to patients." In his opinion, this is not only a policy progress, but also a response to the voices of countless patients, "When innovative drugs have more payment paths, companies will be more motivated to develop them, and patients will have more hope of using them."

The performance of duties is still continuing. Based on last year's research, Wu Depei (吴德沛) has further shifted his focus to big data empowering medical care and precision diagnosis and treatment this year, and carried out research, suggestions and suggestions around medical data sharing, clinical research and precision diagnosis and treatment capacity improvement. "Medical care is entering an era driven by data. Only by making good use of data can more patients benefit earlier," Wu Depei (吴德沛) said.

Reporter's Notes

Performing duties requires continuous follow-up

From the ward to the laboratory, and then to the scene of research and suggestions, solving urgent and difficult problems runs through Wu Depei's (吴德沛) work. As a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (全国政协委员) in the medical and health field, the problems he faces span multiple fields of medicine, industry and policy. However, whether it is guarding the hope of patients' treatment in the ward, or promoting innovative drugs into a multi-level medical security system in research, he always chooses to meet difficulties and continue to advance. For him, no one thing can be easily given up—one persistence and advancement is the most solemn response to guarding life.

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Strengthening Brand Building and Developing Green Agriculture (Sound Implementation: High-Quality Handling of Deputies' Suggestions)

By: 本报记者 田先进

In the period leading up to the National People's Congress (全国两会), Xu Congxiang (徐淙祥), a National People's Congress representative and Party Branch Secretary of the Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Experimental Demonstration Base in Taihe County (太和县), Anhui Province (安徽省), often rides his electric bike to inspect the fields. "With over 1,000 acres of wheat, we can't afford to be careless, especially with the recent rain and snow, we need to take preventative measures," said Xu Congxiang (徐淙祥).

"As people's living standards improve, more and more people want to eat well and eat healthily," said Xu Congxiang (徐淙祥). "This brings opportunities for the development of green agriculture. Many places, combined with their actual conditions, have formed distinctive regional public brands for special ecological products, such as Keemun black tea (祁门红茶) and Bagongshan tofu (八公山豆腐) in Anhui (安徽), which can generate greater economic benefits."

After research, Xu Congxiang (徐淙祥) plans to propose the "Suggestions on Creating Regional Public Brands for Ecological Products to Lead the Development of the National Ecological High-Quality Grain, Oil, and Soybean Industry" at the 2025 National People's Congress (全国两会), proposing to promote the green development of agriculture and rural areas, cultivate new industries and new business forms, and create regional public brands for ecological products through the development and operation of rural ecological products.

In September 2025, Xu Congxiang (徐淙祥) received a written reply from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部). "It was a reply given after comprehensive consultation between the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) and departments such as the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (生态环境部), which was specifically divided into two aspects: 'Promoting Green Agricultural Development' and 'Strengthening Agricultural Brand Building.' The content of the reply was detailed and targeted," said Xu Congxiang (徐淙祥).

Regarding promoting green agricultural development, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) stated that it will strengthen policy guidance, improve working mechanisms, promote green and efficient variety innovation, accelerate the promotion and application of green technologies, continue to promote the efficient use of pesticides, and strengthen scientific and safe pesticide use training and guidance services. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment (生态环境部) will guide local areas to carry out agricultural non-point source pollution surveys, monitoring, and assessment, and promote the implementation of measures tailored to local conditions.

Regarding strengthening agricultural brand building, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) will work with relevant departments to support various regions in accelerating the cultivation and promotion of a number of regional public brands of ecological products with good ecological benefits and high economic value, explore ways to realize the ecological value of green and high-quality agricultural products, and promote the better transformation of ecological advantages into development advantages.

"I feel the country's high regard for agricultural development, and as a National People's Congress representative, my sense of responsibility is even stronger," Xu Congxiang (徐淙祥) said with a smile. With the National People's Congress (全国两会) approaching this year, he is well prepared. "My focus will always be on rural land. Based on the preliminary research and field visits, I will put forward suggestions on rural elderly care, agricultural modernization, and farmer skills training, hoping to contribute to promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside."

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First Edition Editors: Yang Xu, Zhao Zheng, Zhang Yujie; Second Edition Editors: Yin Xinyu, Zhang Anyu, Cui Bin; Third Edition Editors: Han Xiaoming, Jiang Bo, Cheng Shijie; Fourth Edition Editors: Yuan Zhenxi, Chen Zhen, Yu Xuan

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Finding the Right Leverage Point for Cultural and Tourism Development (A Forum)

Issuing consumer coupons, ticket discounts, hotel vouchers... During the Spring Festival holiday, various regions launched a wealth of promotional activities, driving cultural and tourism consumption to be "hot and fiery." How can we better leverage the role of cultural and tourism consumer coupons? Besides consumer coupons, what other practical measures can stimulate cultural and tourism development? In this issue of "Everyone's Talk," we have selected three submissions to share with you for joint reflection.
——Editor

Lengthen the Longest Plank
Cheng Cheng (程诚)

Consumer coupons are real monetary subsidies and an effective tool for stimulating demand. However, while consumer coupons can reduce tourists' travel costs, they cannot automatically translate into tourists' satisfaction index. To transform the short-term traffic brought by consumer coupons into long-term retention, the key lies not only in the number of coupons issued but also in the depth of the internal skills practiced in cultural and tourism.

Currently, the cultural and tourism market has strong supply and demand, but it also has "growing pains." For example, some ancient towns and ancient streets have homogeneous construction, simply copying and pasting the blue tiles and white walls of other places; some scenic spots lack characteristics, with the old trio of "light show + snack street + retro architecture" causing aesthetic fatigue for tourists. Lack of distinctive features and weak competitiveness can easily lead to "being able to build, but not becoming popular, and not being able to retain customers."

The core of cultural and tourism development lies in differentiation. Rather than being exhausted in homogenization, it is better to leverage the long plank effect and concentrate superior forces to polish the most unique and high-quality cultural resources of the local area into a "trump card." From the ancient city walls and bluestone slabs left by our ancestors to the intangible cultural heritage skills passed down through generations, these non-renewable cultural treasures are the unique DNA that distinguishes a place from others and are irreplaceable cultural strengths.

Looking deeper, objects are static, while people are the living carriers of culture. Every ordinary resident who loves their hometown is an ambassador for local culture. Unique lifestyles, different customs, and charming local conditions and customs are also important cultural strengths with unparalleled competitiveness. By lengthening the longest plank and constructing a good local narrative, tourists can not only see the scenery but also feel the cultural charm.

Put in the Effort Beyond Coupons
Miao Bingtao (苗冰涛)

Consumer coupons play more of a short-term stimulating role. In the long run, to continuously stimulate market enthusiasm and release the potential of cultural and tourism, it is necessary to put in the effort beyond coupons.

Put in the effort of "newness." Temporary popularity does not equal sustained popularity. From Zibo barbecue to "Harbin fever," when "overwhelming traffic" arrives, what does the local area rely on to catch and stabilize it? It relies on the continuous innovation of products, formats, and experiences. Consumer coupons are the beginning of stimulating consumption desire. Only by expanding new consumption scenarios and creating new highlights in cultural and tourism can consumers be transformed from "wanting me to consume" to "I want to consume," and let tourists "want to come again after visiting once."

Put in the effort of "depth." The prosperity and development of the cultural and tourism market cannot be separated from the usual hard work. Many seemingly suddenly popular cultural and tourism products are often the result of long-term cultivation. Accumulation is essential for breakthrough. Deeply exploring cultural characteristics and deeply exploring the integration of formats can truly make a great article on cultural and tourism consumption.

Put in the effort of "detail." Whether a local cultural and tourism destination can win tourist satisfaction depends not only on the products but also on the services. For cultural and tourism, products are king, and service is fundamental. "Attentive" service makes tourists "comfortable," and cultural and tourism can "retain attention." Refining service measures and optimizing the tourist experience are equally important.

By putting in these three efforts beyond coupons, I believe that more tourists can come with pleasure and return with satisfaction, and more regions will achieve both customer retention and mind retention.

Improve the Matching Degree of Supply and Demand
Liu Kangqin (刘康钦)

During the Spring Festival holiday, my family went to Fujian (福建) to see the Tulou (土楼) and to Guangdong (广东) Chaoshan (潮汕) to see the Yingge Dance (英歌舞). What attracted us was not only the various full-reduction coupons but also the unique historical culture. When tangible discounts are in line with personal needs, a coupon will motivate more people to "travel thousands of miles for a city."

Promoting consumption is valuable in its precision. Taking cultural and tourism consumer coupons as an example, the problem is not how many are issued, but how they are issued. Today, tourism demand is increasingly personalized and differentiated. If the only goal is to "finish issuing," it will be difficult to specifically tap into consumption potential and will also cause a waste of resources. Innovating the mechanism for issuing consumer coupons, so that consumer coupons can more accurately lock in potential demand groups, can play their due role, while also precisely supporting cultural and tourism projects that truly need support.

Supply can also create demand. For example, some places integrate coupons into the "ticket stub economy" to further extend the consumption chain. Whether consumer coupons can play a multiplier effect, deriving "secondary consumption" and "multiple consumption" from "initial consumption," depends on whether the integration and interaction between different consumption scenarios can truly impress consumers. In this regard, making efforts in scenario innovation and making an article on the entire chain of "eating, living, traveling, shopping, and entertainment" can better achieve a dynamic balance between supply and demand, and the degree of matching will be higher.

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Inspiring Innovation with a "Solution-Oriented Mindset" (Commentary & Observation)

By: 李铁林

In conversations with business operators, many people often say, "You need to be flexible." Indeed, enterprise development cannot always remain in a "comfort zone." Whether operators can use their flexible minds to open up new tracks in a timely manner determines, to some extent, whether an enterprise can maintain its vitality for a long time.

A cold fresh meat shop on Jianguo East Road (建国东路) in Shanghai (上海) once had the idea of "cross-border" operations. To expand its consumer base and attract busy office workers, the shop wanted to try selling steamed buns.

However, according to previous relevant requirements, the on-site production and sales area of a steamed bun shop had to be more than 10 meters away from the fresh meat sales area, or have protective measures such as a sealed cover. But this cold fresh meat shop had limited space, making it difficult to "perform rituals in a snail shell."

How to get out of the dead end? In response to the "outdated" clause, the Shanghai (上海) approval department released a new version of the food business license review rules based on visits and research. According to the new rules, stores can erect glass doors as protective partitions between the two areas, and the problem is easily solved.

Now, the store has been in trial operation, and with the same store area, sales have reached more than 10 times what they were when only selling fresh meat and pre-packaged food.

Opening up new tracks is the responsibility of enterprises, but it is not just their own business. The business environment is also crucial. "Convenience stores selling egg pancakes and boxed lunches," "ordering breakfast online and picking it up at the counter," "pre-packaged snack stores making and selling coffee and bread"... In similar cases, when faced with thorny demands, regulatory authorities did not simply say "no," but instead studied "how to make it work" together, helping new business formats develop healthily and in a standardized manner. This kind of "solution-oriented thinking" protects the vitality of innovation and creation, stimulates the potential of enterprise development, and also brings many inspirations.

"Solution-oriented thinking" is embodied in a tolerant and prudent attitude.

Some economists believe that the development of enterprises is essentially a continuous exercise of imagination, using underutilized resources to open up new "productive opportunities."

Today, the imagination of business entities is more important than ever. Just like the previously world-renowned artificial intelligence large model DeepSeek (深度求索), it was initially born out of the computing power resources of quantitative investment companies, and the "side branches" sprouting from the "main trunk" finally bloomed with different flowers.

However, sometimes, moderately advanced imagination can conflict with existing laws, regulations, and regulatory systems. How to deal with such complex situations? Instead of simply negating them, we should look at new things and new business formats with a tolerant and prudent attitude, so that innovation has room for trial and error.

"Solution-oriented thinking" is also embodied in a proactive and front-line service attitude.

In 2025, Nanshan District (南山区) in Shenzhen (深圳), Guangdong (广东) successfully entered the "trillion-yuan district" club. Why can Nanshan District (南山区) do it? The continuous optimization and improvement of the business environment is one of the development codes.

As a local cadre said, it's like a pearl necklace. The "pearls" are the business entities, full and radiant, and the invisible "thread" is the business environment, stringing the pearls into a chain and forming a joint force. "Not disturbing when there is nothing to do, and responding to every request" for enterprises, reducing the burden and continuously empowering them for their development and growth, helps to create a "tropical rainforest" ecosystem where large enterprises stand tall, small and medium-sized enterprises are everywhere, and innovative enterprises compete to grow.

Taking the initiative, providing front-line services, responding to reasonable demands with an open mind, and jointly finding the "optimal solution" can better stimulate the vitality of business entities.

The "15th Five-Year Plan" (十五五规划) proposal states: "Form an economic order that is both 'vibrant' and 'well-managed.'" From the previous "manageable" to the current "well-managed," a single word difference indicates higher standards and far-reaching implications. "Well-managed" does not mean "managing more," nor does it mean "simply managing," but rather managing those things that the market cannot manage or cannot manage well, under the premise that the market plays a decisive role.

From the perspective of an effective market and a promising government, the logic behind "solution-oriented thinking" lies in improving the level of government services and building a broad stage for business entities to display their talents with "well-managed" governance.

The Chinese economy is large in size and also large in potential. Building an efficient and promising service-oriented government with "solution-oriented thinking," creating a first-class business environment, and allowing every burst of inspiration in the economic wave to have the opportunity to blossom and bear fruit, the future of the Chinese economy is immeasurable.

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Gifts Shipped Across a Thousand Miles: Deep Affection Grows Stronger (Heartwarming News & Hot Takes)

By: 尹双红

Connecting people through the connection of objects, social mentality moves towards inclusiveness in communication and achieves understanding in empathy.

[Keywords] Sending New Year's goods
[Event] Not long ago, a netizen received a gift from a classmate, but was unsure how to handle it due to its slightly peculiar shape, so they posted for help: "Can this gift from my Guangxi (广西) classmate be eaten?" Netizens in the comments section answered questions and dispelled doubts, not only revealing the true identity of the gift – preserved duck – but also carefully introducing how to eat it. From the doubt of "Can it be eaten?" to the netizens' jokes about "like a pterosaur," to the local people's intimate science popularization, the seemingly ordinary New Year's goods reflect sincere and warm friendship, adding warmth to the Spring Festival.
[Commentary]
China is vast and abundant, with beautiful mountains and rivers nurturing people who love life and shaping local delicacies with distinctive characteristics. On social platforms, many netizens share New Year's goods sent by friends from other places. Zhejiang (浙江) Wenzhou (温州) dried goods gift packs, Shanxi (山西) white steamed buns, Sichuan (四川) handmade sausages... either using air-drying and marinating to lock in the deliciousness, or using easy-to-store, high-energy foods to resist the cold, or using time to cellar and brew into mellow flavors, each specialty is the crystallization of a local environment, hiding the unique natural endowments and life wisdom of the local area. One "hard-core" product after another transcends simple reciprocity, outlining a vivid picture of regional culture and interpreting the moving emotional core of the New Year's flavor.
Out of my house and into your hands, the taste from afar benefits from the increasingly dense and efficient logistics network, transforming from "slow carriages and horses" to "next-day delivery." The widespread coverage of 5G networks allows us to appreciate different customs and cultures across the screen, increasing cultural confidence while "gaining knowledge." This is not only an epitome of the development of the times, but also a vivid embodiment of people's well-being. More importantly, the increasingly perfect infrastructure not only shortens the distance in space, but also allows local products to meet and diverse cultures to dialogue. Connecting people through the connection of objects, social mentality moves towards inclusiveness in communication and achieves understanding in empathy.
When "leaving home for thousands of miles" is unavoidable, mobility certainly brings temporary separation, but it also creates new encounters. In the past, the flavor of the New Year was hidden in the bustle of a family preparing New Year's goods. Nowadays, friends who meet by chance "share delicious food with you," and simple friendship can also convey strong warmth. The popularity of "friendship" New Year's goods allows us to see young people's new interpretation of traditional New Year customs, and even more reflects its enduring vitality. The expectation of reunion, the yearning for a better life, and the cherishing of emotions, the core of the New Year's flavor has always been there.
Such interactions are not uncommon. In the past year, we have witnessed many heartwarming moments. A visually impaired blogger traveled through Chongqing (重庆) smoothly; a snack bar owner waived meal fees for graduates seeking jobs to show encouragement; a logistics teacher carefully pieced together scattered ginkgo leaves into various creative patterns... Different times, places, and protagonists are performing the same ancient and warmhearted spirit. This sincerity is the dedication to one's work in ordinary times, the enthusiasm of mutual greetings during festivals; it is the enthusiasm for co-construction and sharing when promoting development, and the empathy of helping whenever possible in daily life. When such sincerity resonates in the same frequency, it will converge into a profound foundation and solid force for promoting social progress and national development.
The realization of a great dream is a relay race that never stops, which requires not only strong skills, but also constant refueling and supply, and even more the need for everyone to **勠力同心** (lù lì tóng xīn - "join forces with one heart," to work together with united efforts). Reading profound expectations, drawing strength for struggle, and calibrating the course of progress from one warm fragment after another, we will surely advance hand in hand and reach the other shore of our dreams.

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"Hand-crafted economy" allows creativity to take root freely (Perspective)

By: 康 健

Recently, the app store charts have quietly changed. In the past, only "large productions" from big companies were seen, but now the charts are beginning to show "hand-crafted" apps created by individuals or one-person companies. They win the market by accurately grasping niche needs. Some have achieved millions of downloads with a price of 1 yuan, and some have become popular by serving niche groups. The rise of the "hand-crafted economy" allows the glimmer of individual innovation to converge into a new force that activates the market, reflecting a new transformation in the economic growth paradigm of the digital age.

The essence of the "hand-crafted" craze is that the technological dividend has sunk, greatly reducing the threshold for entrepreneurship. This term, which originated in the gaming circle, has now become synonymous with individual development. Behind this is the popularity of generative AI, which undertakes tasks such as code generation and copywriting, making application development a matter that individuals can handle, rather than an expensive activity requiring a professional team. Entrepreneurs no longer need to spend more effort on "how to build it," but instead focus on "what to build to solve practical problems." Technology has leveled the playing field to some extent, giving every individual with ideas the opportunity to become a market innovator.

The core competitiveness of "hand-crafted" applications lies in the ultimate excavation of market segmentation needs. Exclusive applications designed for single people, lightweight tools to solve daily minor problems... These small and micro products accurately hit the real pain points of users, realizing the commercial realization of "empathy." When AI takes over heavy technical labor, people's insight, aesthetic sense, and perception of life become the most core competitive advantages. This people-oriented innovation makes the market supply more diverse and makes the micro-circulation of the economy more warm and dynamic.

The rapid development of the "hand-crafted economy" is a reflection of the vitality of market innovation, but this emerging business format still faces realistic challenges. While generative AI lowers the development threshold, it also makes the cost of copying products extremely low, and homogenized "zombie applications" have begun to appear on the market. At the same time, there is still a lack of clear rules on how to define and protect the property rights of creative achievements aided by AI. Individual developers are relatively weak in terms of operation and rights protection, which also makes the foundation for the sustainable development of products not solid enough.

The growth of emerging business formats requires an inclusive environment and precise support. If the "hand-crafted economy" wants to further develop and grow, it cannot be separated from a set of matching support systems. At the system level, it may be possible to explore flexible tax policies, efficient intellectual property registration mechanisms, and low-cost dispute arbitration channels for individual developers and one-person companies to reduce their institutional transaction costs. At the market level, public innovation infrastructure can be built to provide inclusive computing power support and open-source technology communities, so that developers do not have to "**重复造轮子**" (chóng fù zào lún zi - "re-invent the wheel," to waste effort on something already done) and focus more on creative upgrades. Platforms should also improve the original protection mechanism, strictly prohibit plagiarism, and protect the fruits of innovation for developers.

From the scale-wins of the industrial age to the creativity-wins of the digital age, the rise of the "hand-crafted economy" is behind the fission of micro-units of market innovation. Many "hand-crafted" developers are like innovative cells growing in the market, small but tenacious. Only by giving more respect, protection, and support to micro-innovation, allowing creativity to land freely, and allowing innovation to be rewarded, can it sustainably release dividends and activate the "**一池春水**" (yī chí chūn shuǐ - "a pool of spring water," to invigorate or vitalize) of market innovation.

(Excerpted from *Fujian Daily (福建日报)*, originally titled ""Hand-crafted Economy," Gathering the Glimmer of Individual Innovation")

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Talking Consumption Through Fruit Plates (Micro View)

By: 徐 之

The transformation of novel fruit varieties from "expensive treats" to everyday consumer goods indicates that consumption upgrades are not only about stronger purchasing power but also about better supply-side optimization.

During the Spring Festival, many consumers noticed that a batch of expensive fruits quietly appeared on e-commerce platforms: black strawberries at 30 yuan apiece, finger limes at 200 yuan per half kilogram, pink pineapples at 800 yuan each... Surprisingly, many items were already marked as "out of stock," indicating that many people are willing to pay for this "novelty."

The high price of these fruits has its reasons. Either breeding and cultivation techniques limit the planting area and yield per unit area, or they rely on imports, entailing higher logistics and tariff costs. The inherent "scarcity," coupled with the growing trend of self-rewarding and emotional consumption, leads some consumers to pay not only for the product itself but also for the novel experience and social sharing, resulting in price increases.

However, more consumers expect novel fruits to have both good quality and moderate prices. Is this expectation likely to come true?

Looking at the recent past, the "cherry freedom" became a hot topic. Benefiting from free trade agreements between China and major producing countries such as Chile, import tariffs have been significantly reduced, and the efficiency of cross-border cold chain logistics has continued to improve, resulting in a significant reduction in cherry prices this production season. Looking further back, watermelons, which were expensive in some countries, have long become cheap and delicious popular fruits in China. Today, there are still many agricultural scientists like Academician Wu Mingzhu (吴明珠), who are launching research on new varieties and technologies. With market demand, policy support, and technological advancements, consumers have reason to expect that the prices of more expensive fruits will eventually fall within the range acceptable to the general public.

However, it should also be noted that freshness comes and goes quickly, and the heat generated by gimmicks is ultimately unsustainable. In recent years, there have been many cases of expensive fruits being quickly "voted down" by consumers and removed from the table because their taste is not significantly different from ordinary varieties; some fruit farmers blindly follow the trend of expanding planting, but quality control cannot keep up, leading to a dilemma of increased production but not increased income. This inspires practitioners: what people are ultimately willing to pay for is only excellent quality and real cost-effectiveness. High-end should not just be packaging, and features should not just be gimmick marketing. In the face of the market law of survival of the fittest, no one is an exception. Only by focusing on improving product quality can long-term development be achieved.

To allow more good fruits to benefit more consumers, the key is to continue to exert efforts on the supply side. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen agricultural technology innovation and reduce planting and circulation costs. From Yunnan blueberries using substrate cultivation technology to improve quality, to Hainan's "tree-ripened" durians achieving local fruiting, technological progress is constantly enriching people's "fruit basket." On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the cold chain logistics system, smooth domestic and international circulation channels, make good use of the advantages of the super-large-scale market, and allow more specialty fruits to enter thousands of households at reasonable prices.

The "14th Five-Year Plan" (十五五) proposal suggests: "Vigorously boost consumption." The transformation of novel fruit varieties from "expensive treats" to everyday consumer goods indicates that consumption upgrades are not only about stronger purchasing power but also about better supply-side optimization. By optimizing quality and strengthening brands, allowing consumers to pursue cost-effectiveness while also tasting new and superior products, the fruit industry can develop steadily and sustainably, adding more sweet flavors to a better life.

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Photo Story

During this year's Spring Festival holiday, travel and shopping in China continued to be popular, with an increasing number of foreign tourists coming to China to immerse themselves in the rich customs and traditional culture of the Chinese New Year. From improving the convenience of entry services to publishing multilingual Spring Festival folk custom maps, and improving the payment environment... relevant departments and enterprises have launched a series of measures to make it convenient for foreign tourists to come, have fun, and shop comfortably.

This is precisely:

Opening doors to welcome distant friends,
Friendship is beyond words.
Coming from afar to celebrate together,
Spring is the same under the sky.

By Liao Yuanwen (廖沅文)

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Editor in charge of this edition: Li Zheng, Zou Xiang, Chang Jin

This edition's email: rmrbbpl@peopledaily.cn (Please indicate the column name when submitting articles)

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Make farmers' lives richer and better.

By: 本报记者

The journey of Chinese-style modernization crosses one mountain after another.

There is the human miracle of escaping poverty. On February 25, 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) solemnly declared: "China has achieved a complete victory in the battle against poverty alleviation, and all 98.99 million rural poor people under the current standards have been lifted out of poverty." The problem of absolute poverty, which has plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years, has been historically resolved.

There is the continued progress of consolidation and expansion. "The bottom line of poverty alleviation must be **固若金汤** (gù ruò jīn tāng - "as solid as metal soup," impregnable; tightly secured)" and "Let farmers live a richer and better life," solemn promises, each word weighing a thousand pounds. The Party Central Committee has established a 5-year transition period to help the poverty-stricken areas and people get on their feet and give them a ride.

In these 5 years, the whole country has worked together with one heart and mind, faced difficulties head-on, and successfully completed the various goals and tasks of the transition period, firmly guarding the bottom line of preventing large-scale return to poverty. Getting rid of absolute poverty and continuously consolidating and expanding the achievements in poverty alleviation are extremely extraordinary and extremely difficult. Poverty reduction governance in the new era has become a vivid practice of China's governance.

From 8 years of tackling key problems, 5 years of consolidation, to normalized precise assistance and comprehensive rural revitalization, time has engraved the footprints of struggle. In the "historical process of step-by-step progression and continuous development and progress," one journey after another, the steps are solid.

13 Years of Struggle

"A poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics has been forged, and an anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics has been formed."

The changes in mountain villages start with roads.

Deep in the Taihang Mountains (太行山), Camel Bay Village (骆驼湾村), Fuping County (阜平县), Hebei Province (河北省), the smooth roads meander along the mountains, connecting the small mountain village to the transportation network.

One road after another is a road to poverty alleviation and development. During the Spring Festival holiday, the small mountain village is very lively. Bai Long (白龙), a homestay operator, walks and broadcasts live, "There are scenery in all seasons, you can live and play, and there are really many tourists who come to our village."

"The village has built new homestays, snack streets, and New Year picture galleries, and 80% of the villagers are making a living from tourism," said Gu Ruili (顾瑞利), the village party branch secretary, counting the happy events in the village.

The former Camel Bay Village (骆驼湾村) had "nine mountains, half water, and half fields, and it was difficult to make money in the cracks of the rocks." The road into the village was a bumpy dirt road.

At the end of 2012, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) came to Camel Bay Village (骆驼湾村) to visit the poor in the snow, chatting with the villagers about their daily lives, calculating their accounts, and discussing ways to get rid of poverty and become rich together.

"How to support and help them live a good life is a question I often think about." "There will be no comprehensive well-off society without a well-off rural area, especially without a well-off poverty-stricken area." The call to action for poverty alleviation in the new era was sounded here.

Walking and thinking, from winning the battle against poverty to establishing a 5-year transition period, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) personally commanded and personally deployed. "Poverty alleviation has always been an important part of my work, and I have spent the most energy on it." "Poverty alleviation is the most important thing in my heart." Each "most" word contains the people's leader's heart of a child towards the people.

From getting rid of poverty to consolidating the results, all localities have focused on monitoring, grasping industries, and implementing employment assistance. The responsibility system, policy system, and work system are effectively connected, making the achievements in poverty alleviation more substantial and sustainable. The practice of poverty reduction governance in the new era fully proves that poverty can not only be overcome, but also be blocked and no longer recur.

13 years of unremitting struggle, nearly 100 million people have been lifted out of poverty, why can China do it?

Power is drawn from thought, and the Party's innovative theoretical achievements lead new practices.

"Based on our national conditions and grasping the laws of poverty reduction, we have introduced a series of extraordinary policies and measures, and constructed a complete set of effective policy systems, work systems, and institutional systems, forging a poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics and forming an anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics," General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out.

This is a profound insight into the national conditions.

"China's biggest national condition is the leadership of the Communist Party of China. What is Chinese characteristic? This is Chinese characteristic."

The key to running China well lies in the Party. Since the reform and opening up, more than 800 million people have been lifted out of poverty. Our country has strengthened the working mechanism of central coordination, provincial responsibility, and city and county implementation, tightening and implementing the responsibilities of Party committees and governments at all levels, and constructing an effective mechanism for the five-level secretaries to grasp poverty alleviation and consolidate the results. During the poverty alleviation period alone, the country has cumulatively selected and dispatched more than 3 million first secretaries and village-based cadres, who have taken root in the front line and worked hard with nearly 2 million township cadres and millions of village cadres.

Absolute poverty has been historically eliminated, why establish a 5-year transition period?

This is a deeper understanding of the laws of poverty reduction.

Poverty is a stubborn disease. The "stubbornness" lies in the complexity of its causes, the difficulty in eradicating it, and the ease with which it recurs.

The establishment of a 5-year transition period is an institutional innovation in poverty reduction practice, and its purpose is to maintain the overall stability of assistance policies.

"Some marginal households are already shaky, and they may become poor immediately if they encounter some risks and changes," General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) said earnestly.

Bai Haijun (白海军), a villager in Xiasanheyi Village (下三合义村), Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County (围场满族蒙古族自治县), Hebei Province (河北省), fell into difficulties due to a serious illness. Big data captured his family's large medical expenses. Implementing medical insurance assistance policies, arranging public welfare positions, and issuing industrial reward subsidies, a series of policies have stabilized the bottom line of life.

Hebei (河北) integrates information from multiple departments to establish a "Poverty Prevention Monitoring and Assistance Work Information System," Hunan (湖南) improves the "one household, one portrait" regular monitoring mechanism, Gansu (甘肃) innovates the "one-click declaration" mechanism... The monitoring and assistance mechanism for preventing return to poverty is established and improved, timely discovering, timely intervening, and timely assisting. By the end of 2025, China has cumulatively helped more than 7 million monitored objects to stably eliminate risks.

This is the practice of suiting measures to local conditions and seeking truth from facts.

Looking at poverty-stricken areas, "industries have generally been developed, but the support of technology, capital, talent, and markets is still not strong."

In Longli County (龙里县), Guizhou (贵州), deep in the mountains, from building industrial roads to large-scale planting, from seedling breeding to carrying out deep processing, policies continue to exert efforts, industries are gradually upgraded, and prickly pear has become a pillar industry to stabilize the income of fruit farmers.

The establishment of a 5-year transition period effectively promotes the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Promoting the sustainable development of poverty alleviation industries, consolidating the guarantee level of compulsory education, basic medical care, housing safety, and drinking water safety for the lifted-out-of-poverty population, from 2021 to 2025, the growth rate of per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken counties has been higher than the national average for farmers for five consecutive years.

Respecting the actual conditions of various places, maintaining historical patience and strategic determination, "**一步一步** (yī bù yī bù - "step by step," gradually) firmly moving forward, advancing one stage at a time."

What is the significance of China's poverty reduction practice for human poverty reduction?

Khon Kaen (孔敬府), the fourth largest population province in Thailand (泰国), draws on China's "targeted poverty alleviation" concept, and local officials lamented that it "provides the courage to solve poverty problems." Juncao technology has "turned grass into gold" in more than 100 countries. The 73rd United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on eliminating rural poverty, explicitly writing the concept of "targeted poverty alleviation" into it. China's development has not only changed itself, but also changed the world.

"China's poverty alleviation process shows that, with the tenacity, perseverance, and fighting spirit of **滴水穿石** (dī shuǐ chuān shí - "dripping water pierces the stone," perseverance overcomes any difficulty) and drawing a blueprint to the end, the poverty problems of developing countries can be solved, and weak birds can fly first and fly high." Today, China's practice breaks the myth that "poverty is destiny" in a way that is knowable and sensible.

From "no one can be left behind" on the road to a comprehensive well-off society to "no one can be left behind" on the road to common prosperity, we always adhere to the people-centered development thought, with the style of "nailing" accurately and not letting go, doing one thing after another, and working year after year, constantly striving towards promoting common prosperity for all the people.

A Consistent Strategy

"Eliminate the root causes of poverty through development" "**一把钥匙开一把锁** (yī bǎ yào shi kāi yī bǎ suǒ - "one key opens one lock," to use the right method to solve a problem)"

A small mountain village hides the great logic of development.

Deep in the Wuling Mountains (武陵山), Shibadong Village (十八洞村), Huayuan County (花垣县), Hunan Province (湖南省), embroiderer Shi Chunying (石春英) threads a needle, and the silver needle shuttles between the colored threads. "Handmade Miao embroidery is particularly popular." More than 50 Miao embroidery products on the shelves have been reserved by tourists.

The village established a Miao embroidery specialty farmers professional cooperative, and more than 50 embroiderers rely on traditional craftsmanship, embroidering flowers, taking care of their children, taking care of their families, and earning money. The Miao embroidery industry increases the village's collective economic income by more than 200,000 yuan per year.

Finding the right way and opening up ideas. With good mountains and good water, and Miao customs, Shibadong Village (十八洞村) was selected as one of the world's "Best Tourism Villages," and the per capita income in 2024 is more than 16 times that of 2013.

In November 2013, it was in the courtyard of this Miao village deep in the mountains that General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) sat with village cadres and villager representatives, cordially chatting about their daily lives and talking about development, and first proposed the concept of "targeted poverty alleviation."

Implement "six precisions" in supporting objects, project arrangements, fund use, measures to households, assigning people to villages, and poverty alleviation effectiveness; implement "five batches" in developing production, relocating to other places, ecological compensation, developing education, and social security bottom line.

"Adhere to the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and eliminate the root causes of poverty through development." From winning the battle against poverty to consolidating and expanding the achievements in poverty alleviation, "**一把钥匙开一把锁** (yī bǎ yào shi kāi yī bǎ suǒ - "one key opens one lock," to use the right method to solve a problem)," consistently.

Adhere to the precise strategy, find the right path, and let development become the most effective way to eliminate poverty.

The development-oriented poverty alleviation policy is a distinct feature of the poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics.

In Nanjiang County (南江县), Sichuan (四川), "Nanjiang Yellow Goat" (南江黄羊) is a unique goat breed here. How can the characteristic industry become an income-increasing industry?

"We have developed more than 30 series of products for leisure, meals, and cold fresh food. Yellow goat sauce and shredded dried goat meat are particularly popular in the market," said Chen Hao (陈浩), head of Sichuan Dejian Nanjiang Yellow Goat Food Co., Ltd. "Leading enterprises + bases + farmers," the entire industrial chain development, the brand value reached 4.185 billion yuan.

"Raising goats with orders, there is no worry about income." Zhang Sihai (张四海), a large-scale breeder, established a cooperative, signed a supply agreement with a food company, and led more than 30 villagers on the road to prosperity.

"Rely on the mountains to eat mountains and sing mountain songs, rely on the sea to eat the sea and recite sea scriptures." During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, all 832 poverty-stricken counties in the country have cultivated 2 to 3 leading industries with prominent advantages and strong driving capabilities, with a total output value of more than 1.7 trillion yuan.

Adhere to the precise strategy, complement each other's advantages, and "the whole country as one chessboard" gathers strength.

Fujian (福建) - Ningxia (宁夏), the "Mountain and Sea Love" is lasting and new.

In April 1997, Xi Jinping (习近平), then Deputy Secretary of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee, went to Xihai Gu (西海固), Ningxia (宁夏), for a poverty alleviation inspection. "What really touched me to make such a big determination to alleviate poverty, besides my own experience, was seeing Xihai Gu (西海固)."

It was that inspection that the Minning (闽宁) cooperation took root. Wu Weidong (吴维东), the first batch of immigrants in Funing Village (福宁村), Minning Town (闽宁镇), Yongning County (永宁县), Ningxia (宁夏), with the support of the Minning (闽宁) collaboration policy, planted land, built houses, worked to earn money, and lived a prosperous life. The "dry beach" has become a "golden beach." Over the past 30 years of Minning (闽宁) collaboration, the two places have formed a situation of regional coordinated development.

From the opening of East-West poverty alleviation cooperation to the upgrading to East-West collaboration in the new era; from giving money and things to a multi-level, multi-form, and all-round cooperation pattern, capital flow, resource flow, technology flow, and talent flow are surging to the west.

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) profoundly pointed out, "Organizing the eastern region to support the western region, and carrying out this work on a large scale and for a long time, only our Party and country can do it in the world. This is our political advantage and institutional advantage."

Adhere to the precise strategy, stimulate internal strength, and mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the vast number of farmers.

Precise assistance, the ultimate focus is on people. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) urged: "Ultimately, getting rid of poverty and becoming rich depends on the hard work of the poor people themselves."

In Nasou Village (那受村), Sanya City (三亚市), Hainan (海南), villager Su Qiwen (苏其文) is busy in the fields in the early morning. The village opened a "field classroom," and he seriously acted as a "student." From a poverty-stricken household to a well-known "plant doctor" in the surrounding villages, he took the lead in establishing a professional cooperative, with various incomes of nearly 300,000 yuan.

In Hualong Hui Autonomous County (化隆回族自治县), Qinghai (青海), more than 60% of farmers were poor households in the past. The people of Hualong (化隆) were determined to change their way of life. They learned to make ramen noodles and started businesses in cities. They opened more than 20,000 noodle restaurants in more than 330 cities across the country and 16 countries and regions around the world, with annual revenue of over 10 billion yuan.

With both aspiration and intelligence, from "want me to do it" to "I want to do it" and "I can do it," the vast number of lifted-out-of-poverty people have mustered the energy of "as long as there is confidence, yellow soil can become gold." Since the transition period, the country has cultivated more than 130,000 rural craftsmen, helping more than 5 million people master a skill and increase their income by finding employment "at their doorstep." The scale of employment of the lifted-out-of-poverty labor force has remained above 30 million people every year.

Valuable in precision, important in precision. The poverty alleviation miracle we have created fully proves that the precise strategy is the winning magic weapon for poverty reduction.

Succession Facing the Future

"Let's head towards a better tomorrow of common prosperity together."

In the New Year, the Dong village has a strong festive atmosphere. Listening to Dong folk songs and visiting the drum tower flower bridge, Zhaoxing Dong Village (肇兴侗寨), Liping County (黎平县), Guizhou (贵州), welcomes tourists from all directions.

Lu Kun Song (陆坤松), a lifted-out-of-poverty household, runs a homestay, and business has been good these past few days. Lu Kun Song (陆坤松) benefited from the "Rain and Dew Program," completed higher vocational education, and went out to work. Now, he has returned to his hometown to start a business. "Good policies have brought good days." Last year, the comprehensive tourism income of Zhaoxing Dong Village (肇兴侗寨) increased by more than 47% year-on-year.

In March 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) came to the Dong village and sat with village cadres and villager representatives to talk about revitalization. "The task of comprehensive rural revitalization after poverty alleviation is equally arduous." "I hope that the happy life of the villagers will reach a new level and that rural revitalization will be done better."

The end of the 5-year transition period is not the end, but a new starting point and a new departure.

On the "timetable" of development, Zhaoxing Village (肇兴村), together with 128,000 lifted-out-of-poverty villages across the country, is starting a new journey and promoting revitalization.

Looking from the coordinate axis of national rejuvenation, agricultural and rural modernization is related to the overall situation and quality of Chinese-style modernization, and "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" are shortcomings and weaknesses that need to be addressed urgently, and also key difficulties that need to be overcome.

Based on the current and long-term, preventing return to poverty and comprehensive rural revitalization, plan and promote them as a whole.

"The focus of rural work is to shift from poverty alleviation to comprehensive rural revitalization. The bottom line of poverty alleviation must be **固若金汤** (gù ruò jīn tāng - "as solid as metal soup," impregnable; tightly secured), and there must be no large-scale return to poverty. The key is to do these things well and continue them." "Let's head towards a better tomorrow of common prosperity together." General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) earnestly urged.

From the "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal to "continuously consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation" to the 2026 Central No. 1 Document clearly proposing "implementing normalized precise assistance," the focus is on ensuring that the bottom line of preventing large-scale return to poverty is maintained for a long time.

Re-enlisting and stationing in the village for the second time, Chen Yuyou (陈毓有), the first secretary stationed in Jiangcha Village (江岔村), Shouning County (寿宁县), Fujian (福建), has experience. He led the villagers to renovate and upgrade low-yield tea gardens and build a village tea factory, promoting the utilization rate of tea leaves by 15%. The "High Mountain Cloud Mist" tea brand is initially taking shape.

Continue to implement the effective systems and mechanisms and practices such as the five-level secretary grasping, East-West collaboration, and fixed-point assistance; prevent return to poverty and monitoring and assistance covering the entire rural population, as long as there is a risk, it can be included in monitoring and assistance; fiscal investment, financial support, resource element allocation, etc., do not make sudden turns or sudden brakes... The transition period ends and turns to normalized assistance, and the assistance policy remains generally stable.

Grasp a region and the overall situation, serve the unified national market, and the endogenous driving force of poverty-stricken areas is accelerating.

At the end of 2025, the Xi'an-Yan'an High-speed Railway (西延高铁) will open, and the Fuxing (复兴) bullet train will arrive at the foot of Baota Mountain (宝塔山), and Yan'an (延安) apples will take the high-speed train. "Customers come to the orchard to see the fruit in person, and the cost is greatly reduced," said Du Wangjun (杜王军), a fruit merchant in Luochuan County (洛川县), Shaanxi (陕西).

As the first high-speed railway in the old revolutionary area of northern Shaanxi (陕北), the Xi'an-Yan'an High-speed Railway (西延高铁) compresses time and space, activates the economy along the line, and incorporates the old area into the transportation network. Yan'an's (延安) red tourism and characteristic agriculture are deeply integrated with Xi'an's (西安) science and technology and cultural and creative industries.

The Huajiang Canyon Bridge (花江峡谷大桥) is "the world's first in both length and height." During the first Spring Festival after its opening, the new business format of "bridge sightseeing + outdoor experience + ethnic culture" has made the homes outside the bridge - Xiaohuajiang Village (小花江村), Zhenfeng County (贞丰县), Guizhou (贵州) - popular.
The Huajiang Canyon Bridge, "the world's number one in every way." During its first Spring Festival after opening to traffic, the new business model of "bridge sightseeing + outdoor experience + ethnic culture" has boosted the popularity of the Xiaohuajiang Village (小花江村) in Zhenfeng County (贞丰县), Guizhou (贵州), located outside the bridge.

Looking at the whole country, 5G is now available in all townships and 95% of administrative villages, the coverage rate of express delivery services in established villages exceeds 95%, the national water network covers 80.3% of the country's land area, and infrastructure such as road networks, water networks, and communication networks is constantly improving. The coordinated regional development is advancing in depth, and the potential advantages of poverty-stricken areas are gradually emerging. By accurately identifying the "interface" for connecting and superimposing advantages in terms of resource allocation, policy coordination, and industrial layout, we will surely open up a broader world for development.

Grasp both "visible achievements" and "potential achievements," firmly establish a correct view of political achievements, and ensure that development results truly benefit hundreds of millions of farmers.

In Yunnan (云南), the sunshine of education illuminates the dream-seeking path of children in the mountains. "From 'having access to education' to 'having access to good education,' we are focusing on basic education as we did on poverty alleviation," said a relevant person in charge of the Provincial Department of Education (省教育厅). The proportions of schools and students covered by three types of high-quality resource radiation methods reached 54.51% and 68.63%, respectively.

In Guangxi (广西), grassroots governance empowers the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. The local area vigorously promotes the "mentor assistance system," regularly sending people down to provide guidance; implements the "Village Cadre Academic Qualification Improvement Plan," selecting 2,000 outstanding village cadres every year to receive on-the-job junior college or college education.

Focus on laying the foundation and benefiting the long term, and promote the equalization of infrastructure and public services. Advocate valuing practical work and de-emphasizing empty achievements, implement responsibilities at all levels, focus on the effectiveness of assistance, resolutely prevent formalism, continue the fine traditions cultivated during the poverty alleviation period, and make poverty-stricken people feel tangible benefits and receive real benefits.

*** ***

To comprehensively build a modern socialist country, "the most arduous and onerous task is still in the countryside."

"Taking the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization as the overall focus of 'agriculture, rural areas, and farmers' work in the new era and new journey," "Taking one step at a time to turn the beautiful blueprint of comprehensive rural revitalization into reality, and laying the foundation for realizing agricultural and rural modernization and building a strong agricultural country"...

If the nation is to be rejuvenated, the countryside must be revitalized. The cause of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is magnificent!

(Our reporters Zhu Jun (朱隽), Wang Hao (王浩), Chang Qin (常钦), Yu Jingxian (郁静娴), Li Xiaoqing (李晓晴), Deng Jianyang (邓剑洋))

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Ministry of Civil Affairs Issues Document to Regulate the Management of Child Welfare Institutions

According to a report from this newspaper in Beijing on February 26th (Reporter Meng Xiangfu (孟祥夫)), the Ministry of Civil Affairs (民政部) recently released the "Interim Measures for the Management of Child Welfare Institutions," consisting of six chapters and fifty articles, which will come into effect on April 1, 2026.

The measures clarify that child welfare institutions refer to institutions established by local people's governments at or above the county level and their civil affairs departments, which mainly provide shelter and care for minors under the temporary guardianship of civil affairs departments in accordance with the law, and carry out care services for children in difficult circumstances. The measures stipulate that child welfare institutions include child (welfare) protection centers registered as public institutions, and institutions with child welfare sections (offices), etc.

The measures detail the responsibilities for shelter and care, clarifying that child welfare institutions should provide shelter and care for minors under the temporary guardianship of civil affairs departments in accordance with the law, and stipulate that child welfare institutions should provide health check-ups, family tracing services, life care, basic medical care, educational services, safety protection, and mental health services for the minors they shelter and care for.

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China Development Bank's Announcement on Implementing the People's Bank of China's One-Time Credit Repair Policy

In accordance with the "Notice of the People's Bank of China on Relevant Arrangements for Implementing a One-Time Credit Repair Policy" (Yin Fa [2025] No. 245) (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice") spirit, student loans undertaken by the China Development Bank (国家开发银行) (including student loans from the place of origin and student loans from universities, the same below) will implement a one-time credit repair in accordance with policy requirements. The specific matters are hereby announced as follows:

I. Applicable Objects and Conditions of the Policy
Applicable Overdue Time: Overdue student loan information generated from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2025.
Applicable Overdue Amount: The cumulative overdue principal and interest of a single student loan contract shall not exceed 10,000 yuan (RMB).
Applicable Repayment Conditions: The overdue principal and interest of a single student loan contract have been fully repaid before March 31, 2026 (inclusive).

II. Policy Implementation Method
(I) Credit Repair Process
The one-time credit repair for student loans does not require individual application. The Credit Reference Center of the People's Bank of China (中国人民银行征信中心) will uniformly process the overdue information that meets the policy requirements. After processing, the overdue records that meet the policy requirements will no longer be displayed in the individual credit report.
(II) Credit Report Update Time
For the overdue principal and interest of student loans that have been fully repaid before November 30, 2025 (inclusive), the credit report will not display relevant overdue information from January 1, 2026; for the overdue principal and interest of student loans that are fully repaid between December 1, 2025 and March 31, 2026 (inclusive), the credit report will not display overdue information before the end of the month following the repayment.
(III) Credit Repair Result Inquiry Process
Student loan borrowers can inquire about their credit reports through official platforms such as the Personal Credit Information Service Platform of the Credit Reference Center of the People's Bank of China (中国人民银行征信中心个人信用信息服务平台), China UnionPay Cloud QuickPass (中国银联云闪付), and the student loan agent settlement bank APP to confirm whether the overdue information that meets the policy is no longer displayed. After credit repair, the "Repayment Status" in the credit report will be displayed as normal, and the "Overdue Amount" will be displayed as 0.
If the borrower finds that the overdue amount of the student loan has been cleared during the implementation period of the one-time credit repair policy, but the overdue information is still displayed in the credit report, the updated credit report can be sent to the special mailbox for student loans of the China Development Bank (国家开发银行) (zhuxue@cdb.com.cn), and contact the 95593 customer service hotline for registration. The China Development Bank (国家开发银行) will promptly feedback the verification result to the borrower. If the verification is true, the China Development Bank (国家开发银行) will cooperate with the borrower to submit a verification application to the Credit Reference Center of the People's Bank of China (中国人民银行征信中心). The borrower can also submit a verification application through the Credit Reference Center's 4008108866 customer service hotline or the credit reporting service window of the People's Bank of China (中国人民银行征信服务窗口).

III. Warm Tips
(I) Confirm the Amount Payable and Repayment Results
When repaying overdue loans, student loan borrowers must log in to the China Development Bank (国家开发银行) Student Online System, the National Student Loan APP, etc. in advance to confirm the amount payable. The overdue amount is subject to the system display; please be sure to repay the overdue amount shown in the system in full to avoid missing the one-time repair policy due to incorrect repayment amount, underpayment, or missed payment; after the repayment operation is completed, please log in to the above system to check whether the repayment is successful to avoid repayment failure due to delayed deduction by the Internet platform, abnormal bank card account, etc. If the repayment fails, please perform the repayment operation again, or contact the 95593 customer service hotline for help.
(II) Arrange Repayment Time Reasonably
The validity period of the one-time credit repair policy ends on March 31, 2026 (inclusive). In order to avoid the situation that repayment cannot be made due to monthly student loan interest accrual at the end of the month, delayed deduction by the Internet platform, etc., borrowers are requested to pay close attention to and reasonably arrange the repayment time to avoid missing the validity period of the one-time repair policy.
(III) Beware of Financial Fraud
The one-time credit repair policy implemented by the People's Bank of China (中国人民银行) this time is completely free, and can be enjoyed without review. Individuals do not need to apply for operation. Please do not entrust a third party to handle it. The China Development Bank (国家开发银行) will not attach any unreasonable conditions under the pretext of one-time credit repair; any request for money or information in the name of this policy is a fraudulent act. Student loan borrowers are requested to effectively improve their awareness of prevention and be careful not to be deceived; if you receive such emails, calls or text messages, and require transfers, please do not trust them, so as to avoid losses.
If you have any questions, please call the 95593 customer service hotline for consultation. The consultation time is 8:30 to 17:30 on working days; you can also log in to the China Development Bank (国家开发银行) Student Online System, the National Student Loan APP and other online channels for consultation.
Thank you for your long-term trust and support to the China Development Bank (国家开发银行)!
China Development Bank (国家开发银行)
February 27, 2026

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Deeply Understand Xi Jinping's Diplomatic Thought's Theoretical Character of Leading the Era (In-depth Study and Implementation of Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era)

By: 外交部党委

In the great journey of advancing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has carried out a series of major theoretical and practical innovations in diplomacy, leading foreign affairs work to achieve historic achievements and undergo historic changes. In order to fully reflect Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era's original contributions and latest developments in the field of diplomacy, the "Study Outline of Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy" was updated and republished last November, providing authoritative supplementary reading materials for the vast number of Party members, cadres, and the masses to study, think, and understand Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy. We must deeply understand the theoretical character of this major thought, which insists on keeping pace with the times and leading the trend of the times, and further arm our minds, guide our practice, and promote our work with Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy.

Grasping the new situation and answering new questions is the inexhaustible source of theoretical innovation.

Problems are the slogans of the times. Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy is a constantly developing, open, and scientific system. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) personally planned and implemented it, using a strong sense of mission, profound strategic thinking, and broad global perspective to observe the situation, seize the opportunity, and stand at the forefront of the times. He used a scientific attitude and the spirit of truth to judge new trends and answer new questions, constantly opening up new horizons in the theory of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics.

Keenly observe new changes in the development of the international situation. The world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, which is the background of the rich development of Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy. At present, the chaotic side of the international situation is more prominent, and peace and security are facing severe challenges. The "2025 Global Peace Index" shows that the world's peace level has fallen to its lowest point in nearly 20 years, and hotspot issues such as the Ukraine crisis and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict continue unabated; protectionism and "pan-securitization" are on the rise, and the tariff and technology wars launched by individual countries for their own selfish purposes are dragging down global trade and economic growth; the process of human development has slowed down significantly. The changing side of the world格局 (géjú - overall structure or pattern) is developing in depth, the international balance of power is undergoing profound adjustments, the global South's share of the global economy has exceeded 40%, and new mechanisms created by global South countries such as BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization are playing an increasingly important role. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) observes the general trend, plans the overall situation, and grasps the fundamentals. On the basis of proposing the major judgment of changes unseen in a century, he further reveals its essence and laws, pointing out that the world has entered a new period of turbulence and change, and the collective rise of the global South is a clear sign of the world's great changes; he profoundly understands the major context of the evolution of the international格局 (géjú - overall structure or pattern), pointing out that the general direction of human development and progress will not change, the great logic of the tortuous advancement of world history will not change, and the general trend of the international community sharing a common destiny will not change; he clearly opposes hegemonic, domineering, and bullying acts, emphasizing that hegemonism, power politics, unilateralism, and protectionism run counter to the trend of the times, are unpopular and lose support, and he guides the direction of China's diplomacy with clarity, guiding the international community to have positive expectations.

Accurately grasp the new orientation of the relationship between China and the world. "The world is good, then China can be good; China is good, then the world will be better." This is the underlying logic of China's development and its relationship with the world. In the face of the severe challenges of the external environment, China is injecting strong impetus into promoting common development with strong resilience and abundant vitality, providing strong support for maintaining international fairness and justice with self-confidence, self-reliance, and the courage to fight, and broadening the path for the vast number of developing countries to independently move towards modernization with the successful exploration of Chinese-style modernization, becoming a pivotal force for peace, development, and progress in a world intertwined with change and chaos. More and more countries value China's role and China's opportunities, hoping to understand and learn from China's governance and China's principles, but some forces are spreading various "China threat" theories. Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy profoundly reveals the historic new changes in the relationship between China and the world: China has been able to grasp the historical initiative more and influence the direction of world development to a greater extent, Chinese-style modernization has broken the myth of "modernization = Westernization," and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is unstoppable; it is clear that major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics will enter a new stage in which it can be more active, creating a more favorable international environment and providing stronger strategic support for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the nation with Chinese-style modernization; it emphasizes that the road ahead cannot be smooth, there will inevitably be difficulties and obstacles, and it may encounter major tests of high winds, rapid waves, and even turbulent waves. We must fight bravely and forge ahead with the spirit of advancing despite difficulties, and we must dare to fight and be good at fighting, relying on tenacious struggle to open up new horizons for the development of our cause. A series of major judgments put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) provide a scientific guide for us to formulate foreign strategies and plan foreign affairs work.

Scientifically answer new problems in international relations theory. Answering major questions in international affairs is the fundamental task of international relations theory. Looking at the history of modern times, traditional international relations theory adheres to Western centrism, believes in "**弱肉强食**" (ruò ròu qiáng shí - "the weak are prey to the strong," survival of the fittest), "**赢者通吃**" (yíng zhě tōng chī - "winner takes all," the winner takes everything), is superstitious about the "**丛林法则**" (cóng lín fǎ zé - "law of the jungle," survival of the fittest) and "clash of civilizations," and in the face of rapid and profound changes, it cannot come up with a key to solving old contradictions and new problems, and even repeats the mistakes of "**抱薪救火**" (bào xīn jiù huǒ - "carry firewood to put out a fire," to make matters worse) and "**饮鸩止渴**" (yǐn zhèn zhǐ kě - "drink poison to quench thirst," to seek immediate relief at the cost of future suffering). Unilateralism and protectionism are rampant, "new imperialism" and "new colonialism" are rampant, and the deficits in peace, development, security, and governance are constantly increasing. The root cause lies in the increasingly prominent deficit in thought. The times call for a new type of international relations theory that is both national and global. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) constantly develops Chinese theory in the magnificent Chinese practice, advocating to transcend conflict and confrontation with peaceful development, replace absolute security with common security, abandon zero-sum games with mutual benefit and win-win results, prevent clashes of civilizations with exchanges and mutual learning, and protect the Earth's homeland with green development, advocating to take a new path of dialogue rather than confrontation, partnership rather than alliance, and win-win rather than zero-sum, guiding the construction of the "Belt and Road" initiative, a development platform with huge inclusiveness, and promoting the construction of a more just and reasonable global governance system, finding a basic path for mankind to solve global problems, and contributing important intellectual public goods to the world.

Leading the times and shaping the world is the powerful force of theoretical innovation.

Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy originates from practice and guides practice. It is not only the fundamental guideline and action guide for China's foreign affairs work in the new era, but also powerfully promotes the world to move towards a bright future of peace, security, prosperity, and progress, with far-reaching contemporary value and powerful truth.

The era's leading force is increasingly prominent. Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy constantly deepens the understanding of the laws of human social development, grasps the logic of historical progress, and points out the direction of human progress. Holding high a banner, it clarifies that building a community with a shared future for mankind is the future of the people of all countries and the lofty goal pursued by major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and it outlines the vision and path for mankind to move towards a better future. Clarifying two major propositions, it uses "equality and order" to answer where the world's multipolarization is going, and uses "universal benefit and inclusiveness" to correct the various deviations that have occurred in the process of economic globalization, advocating that countries should benefit the world's prosperity while developing themselves, and promoting the world to move from intertwined changes and chaos to long-term peace and stability. It has successively proposed the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, seeking an open, innovative, inclusive, and mutually beneficial development prospect, creating a fair, just, and jointly built and shared security格局 (géjú - overall structure or pattern), promoting harmonious and diverse civilization exchanges, and promoting the construction of a more just and reasonable global governance system, contributing a systematic and comprehensive Chinese solution to respond to the new challenges facing mankind.

The moral appeal is more distinct. First, the concept of seeking common ground is more popular. The concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind has been written into the UN General Assembly resolutions for nine consecutive years, and China has reached a consensus on a community with a shared future with more than 30 countries, and the construction of regional communities with a shared future with Central Asia, ASEAN, Africa, Arab countries, and Latin American and Caribbean countries is steadily advancing. The joint construction of the "Belt and Road" has become the largest and most widely covered international cooperation platform, with more than 3/4 of the world's countries and more than 30 international organizations joining. The Global Governance Initiative has been quickly responded to by more than 150 countries and international organizations once it was proposed. Second, the measures of undertaking great righteousness are widely supported. China has clearly opposed hegemonic, domineering, and bullying acts, stood up in tariff wars and trade wars, and gathered a broad consensus against unilateralism and protectionism. Adhering to an objective and fair position, actively promoting peace and talks, China's unique solution to hotspot issues has been widely praised by all parties. Actively speaking out for justice for the vast number of developing countries, promoting the correction of historical injustices, and strengthening the "Southern voice" in the global governance system. Third, the belief in following the great path is highly praised. Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy guides China's diplomacy to adhere to the principles of "self-confidence and self-reliance, openness and inclusiveness, fairness and justice, and cooperation and win-win results," jointly building peaceful, tranquil, prosperous, beautiful, and friendly "five homes" with neighboring countries, jointly pursuing "six modernizations" with Africa, building a "five cooperation格局 (géjú - overall structure or pattern)" between China and Arab countries, promoting the "five major projects" for jointly building a China-Latin America community with a shared future, giving 100% tariff-free treatment to products from the least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations, promoting the implementation of 100% tariff-free measures for products from 53 African countries that have established diplomatic relations, and deeply winning international moral support. Observers believe that Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions have become a beacon guiding the world to move forward steadily, making important contributions to promoting the global cause of peace and development.

The practical guiding force is even more powerful. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy, China's diplomacy has been forging ahead, overcoming difficulties, and creating a more favorable international environment and providing stronger strategic support for the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the nation. We have comprehensively expanded the global partnership network, the total number of countries that have established diplomatic relations has increased to 183, and we have become the main trading partner of more than 150 countries and regions. Serving domestic high-quality development, we have signed 23 free trade agreements with 30 countries and regions, and so far we have implemented unilateral visa-free entry for 50 countries and transit visa-free entry for 55 countries. In the first three quarters of 2025, more than 20 million foreigners entered the country visa-free. Leading the reform and improvement of the global governance system, we have jointly established the International Mediation Institute with more than 30 countries, and proposed the establishment of the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization, filling the institutional gap in the field of governance. Keeping the diplomacy for the people firmly on our shoulders, we have promoted cooperation with relevant countries to combat transnational crimes, especially telecommunications network fraud, successfully rescued a group of trapped personnel, and repatriated and persuaded tens of thousands of criminal suspects involved in fraud to return. In the face of the tests of high winds, rapid waves, and even turbulent waves, the diplomatic team has kept in mind the important requirements put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平), striving to be steadfast practitioners who are loyal to the Party, pioneering entrepreneurs who bravely forge ahead, defenders of national interests, and promoters of comprehensive and strict Party governance, forging a diplomatic iron army capable of shouldering the heavy responsibility of national rejuvenation.

Adhering to the Marxist position, viewpoint, and method is the inevitable requirement of theoretical innovation.

Since the new era, our Party has continuously deepened its understanding of the regularity of the Party's theoretical innovation, and has put forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new conclusions such as the "**两个结合**" (liǎng gè jié hé - "two integrations," integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with the specific realities of China and with China's fine traditional culture) and "**六个必须坚持**" (liù gè bì xū jiān chí - "six musts," must adhere to people first, must maintain self-confidence, must uphold fundamental principles, must be innovative, must adopt a problem-oriented approach, and must apply systems thinking). Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy adheres to the combination of theory and practice, and the unity of epistemology and methodology, setting an example of adhering to materialism and dialectics to promote theoretical innovation, shining with the light of Marxist truth.

Adhere to the "**两个结合**" (liǎng gè jié hé - "two integrations," integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with the specific realities of China and with China's fine traditional culture). The "**两个结合**" (liǎng gè jié hé - "two integrations," integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with the specific realities of China and with China's fine traditional culture) is a major creation of the Sinicization of Marxism in the new era, and it is also the source of vitality for theoretical innovation. Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy uses the "arrow" of the Sinicized Marxism of the new era to shoot the "target" of the specific reality of foreign affairs work, drawing accurate understandings that conform to objective laws in the judgment of the international situation and the world trend, and making strategic deployments that conform to China's reality and the requirements of the times in the goals and tasks of foreign affairs work, powerfully guiding and promoting the practice of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy integrates the essence of Marxist thought with the essence of China's outstanding traditional culture, and integrates it with the common values that the people use every day without realizing it, creatively transforming and innovatively developing China's outstanding traditional concepts such as "**天下大同**" (tiān xià dà tóng - "the world is one community," the ideal of universal harmony and peace), "**和而不同**" (hé ér bù tóng - "harmony without uniformity," seeking harmony while maintaining differences), "**亲仁善邻**" (qīn rén shàn lín - "cherishing benevolence and being kind to neighbors," treating neighbors with kindness and benevolence), and "**天人合一**" (tiān rén hé yī - "unity of man and nature," harmony between man and nature), injecting new initiatives and new propositions into diplomacy, making contemporary Chinese diplomacy full of firm cultural self-confidence, presenting distinct Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese spirit, with a broad historical depth.

Be good at upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground is an important ideological method for our Party to govern the country in the new era. The rich development of Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy is a process of development in inheritance and innovation in upholding fundamental principles. On the one hand, we firmly adhere to the fine traditions and fundamental direction of Chinese diplomacy, adhere to the basic principles of Marxism without wavering, adhere to the Party's comprehensive leadership without wavering, and adhere to socialism with Chinese characteristics without wavering. On the other hand, we dare to explore and open up new situations, starting from the current reality and fundamental trend of mankind sharing a common destiny and sharing global responsibilities, and propose new propositions such as an equal and orderly world multipolarization and an inclusive and universally beneficial economic globalization, building a community of life on Earth, and the Global South's open and inclusive cooperation initiative. At the same time, we systematically summarize the valuable experience of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and guide the continuous innovation and improvement of the concepts, systems, and capabilities of foreign affairs work in light of the new situation, new tasks, and new requirements. Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy adheres to the complementary relationship between upholding fundamental principles and innovation, and the dialectical unity of principle and creativity, significantly enhancing the scientific nature, foresight, initiative, and creativity of foreign affairs work.

Adhere to self-confidence and self-reliance. Self-confidence is the inherent spiritual quality of the Chinese Communist Party, and self-reliance is an important principle for our Party to establish and govern the country. As an important part of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, foreign affairs work must take firm road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence, and cultural confidence as the source of strength and the foundation of belief for carrying out foreign affairs work. Independence and self-reliance are the premise and foundation for China to demonstrate its responsibility as a major country on the international stage. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "We must adhere to putting the development of the country and the nation on the basis of our own strength," "China's problems must start from China's basic national conditions," and "China's affairs must be decided and handled by the Chinese people themselves." In the face of the great struggle, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "All risks and challenges that endanger our core interests and major principles, all risks and challenges that endanger the fundamental interests of our people, and all risks and challenges that endanger our realization of the 'two centenary goals' and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, as long as they come, we must carry out a resolute struggle, without wavering and without retreating, until we achieve victory." Under the guidance of Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy, China's diplomacy in the new era adheres to socialism with Chinese characteristics as the foundation, enhances strategic self-confidence, adheres to the unremitting pursuit of the lofty goal of building a community with a shared future for mankind, firmly safeguards national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and fully embodies the national will, national spirit, and international image of China in the new era.

Use systems thinking. Systems thinking is an important method and tool for Marxism to understand and transform the world. For example, in terms of top-level design, it clarifies that adhering to the Party's leadership over foreign affairs work is the fundamental guarantee, clarifies that the Party Central Committee's control over foreign affairs is the core principle and fundamental embodiment of realizing the Party's centralized and unified leadership over foreign affairs work, and continuously consolidates and expands the large-scale collaborative格局 (géjú - overall structure or pattern) of the Party's overall planning and coordination of all parties. The "Regulations on the Party's Leadership over Foreign Affairs Work" was formulated and implemented to ensure that the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments on foreign affairs work are implemented without discount, and to improve the institutionalization, standardization, and scientific level of foreign affairs work. In terms of the theoretical system's chemistry and rationalization, it clarifies the mission and purpose of China's diplomacy in the new era, clarifies the principles that foreign affairs work must adhere to, clarifies the unique style of shaping Chinese diplomacy, especially clarifies that promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind is the main line of foreign affairs work, and clarifies the "four beams and eight pillars" of this scientific system, which are: taking the construction of a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and cleanliness and beauty as the goal of efforts, taking the promotion of global governance through consultation, joint construction, and sharing as the path to realization, taking the practice of the common values of all mankind as the universal adherence, taking the promotion of the construction of a new type of international relations as the basic support, taking the implementation of the four global initiatives as the strategic guidance, and taking the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" as an important practical platform. Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy adheres to the scientific method of systems thinking, so that the overall planning, system integration, and collaborative efficiency of foreign affairs work in the new era are continuously enhanced.
Employing systematic thinking. Systematic thinking is an important method and tool of Marxism for understanding and transforming the world. For example, in terms of top-level design, it clarifies the fundamental guarantee of adhering to the Party's leadership over foreign affairs, clarifies that the central authority over foreign affairs in the Party Central Committee is the core principle and fundamental embodiment of realizing the Party's centralized and unified leadership over foreign affairs, and continuously consolidates and expands the grand collaborative pattern of the Party overseeing the overall situation and coordinating all parties. The "Regulations on the Party's Leadership over Foreign Affairs Work of the Communist Party of China" is formulated and implemented to ensure the thorough implementation of the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments on foreign affairs work, and to improve the institutionalization, standardization, and scientification of foreign affairs work. In terms of the theoretical system's academic and rational development, it clarifies the mission and purpose of China's diplomacy in the new era, clarifies the principles and policies that foreign affairs work should adhere to, clarifies the shaping of the unique style of Chinese diplomacy, and especially clarifies that promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind is the main line of diplomatic work, clarifying the "four beams and eight pillars" of this scientific system, which are: taking the construction of a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and cleanliness and beauty as the goal, taking the promotion of global governance through consultation, joint construction, and shared benefits as the path to realization, taking the practice of the common values of all mankind as the universal adherence, taking the promotion of a new type of international relations as the basic support, taking the implementation of the four major global initiatives as the strategic guidance, and taking the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" as an important practical platform. Xi Jinping (习近平)'s diplomatic thought adheres to systematic thinking and scientific methods, so that the overall planning, system integration, coordination, and efficiency of foreign affairs work in the new era are continuously enhanced.

Always bearing the world in mind. Adhering to bearing the world in mind is the historical experience of the Party's century-old struggle, and it is also the position, viewpoint, and method that must be grasped in promoting theoretical innovation. Every innovation of Xi Jinping (习近平)'s diplomatic thought upholds the broad world sentiment of the Communists and embodies China's responsibility as a major country. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平)'s diplomatic thought, Chinese diplomacy follows the right path, undertakes justice, maintains world peace and development in a practical manner, and takes the lead in promoting human civilization. Actively playing the role of a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, it has become the permanent member of the Security Council that sends the most peacekeeping personnel; actively promoting the political settlement of hotspot issues, running and calling for mediation in the Ukraine crisis and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, and successfully facilitating the reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Iran, and the dialogue between Cambodia and Thailand; resolutely opposing decoupling and breaking chains, building walls and setting up barriers, and maintaining the security, stability, and smooth flow of the global industrial chain and supply chain; and taking practical actions to address climate change and lead green development. Seeking progress for mankind and seeking common ground for the world, Chinese diplomacy practices the lofty pursuit and original intention of a major party and a major country, demonstrating a broad mind and integrity that transcends traditional major-country diplomacy.

Practicing diplomacy for the people. All theories that are divorced from the people are pale and powerless, and all theories that do not benefit the people are lifeless. Xi Jinping (习近平)'s diplomatic thought adheres to the people-centered approach, firmly safeguards the fundamental interests of the country and the people, and takes the people's sense of happiness, security, and satisfaction as an important yardstick for measuring diplomatic work. Adhering to taking the people's dreams as dreams, it guides diplomatic work to actively serve domestic high-quality development and high-level opening up to the outside world, and creates a good external environment and strives for more understanding and support for the realization of the second centenary goal. Adhering to taking the people's friendship as a bridge, giving play to the unique role of people-to-people diplomacy, moving people with sincerity, warming people's hearts, and moving people with emotion, so that the Chinese and foreign people are closer and more recognized, and the trickle of people's friendship converges into a strong force for promoting world peace and development. Chinese diplomacy is the diplomacy of the people, rooted in the people, bearing the people in mind, and benefiting the people, providing us with an inexhaustible driving force for overcoming difficulties and moving forward bravely.

Thought guides the direction, and struggle is the right time. We must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards." Taking the in-depth study and understanding of the "Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy Study Outline (2025 Edition)" as an opportunity, we must fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平)'s important instructions and the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments, strengthen political loyalty, continuously improve the ability and level of service and guarantee for head-of-state diplomacy, and strive to open up a new situation in major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics with a strong sense of mission and responsibility, promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind, and make new contributions to promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

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Accelerate the Construction of a Digital Discipline Inspection and Supervision System

By: 周廷勇 杨 苏

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has profoundly grasped the development trend of information technology, focusing on empowering the work of rectifying conduct, enforcing discipline, and combating corruption with technological means. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection proposed "focusing on technological empowerment and accelerating the construction of a digital discipline inspection and supervision system," which provides practical guidance for enhancing the penetration and accuracy of the anti-corruption struggle and points out an effective path for solving the problems of "**牛栏关猫**" (niú lán guān māo - "closing the cattle pen door to keep out the cat," inadequate safeguards) and "**纸笼禁虎**" (zhǐ lóng jìn hǔ - "caging a tiger in a paper cage," ineffective restrictions). The construction of a digital discipline inspection and supervision system concerns the overall situation of the anti-corruption struggle and must be planned in a systematic manner, promoted in an integrated way, and implemented with the spirit of nailing nails, so as to promote the deep integration of digital technology and discipline inspection and supervision business.

Systematic Reshaping of Digital Empowerment and Supervision Paradigm

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "Improving the Party's unified leadership, comprehensive coverage, authoritative and efficient supervision system is an important symbol of realizing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities." The digital discipline inspection and supervision system drives the integration of discipline inspection and supervision work forces through the effective aggregation of data, algorithms, and computing power, breaking the traditional supervision's mindset, path dependence, and mechanism obstacles, and equipping discipline inspection and supervision work with a "smart brain."

Data provides a "source of living water" for the digital discipline inspection and supervision system. In the past, in discipline inspection and supervision work, the degree of information sharing between different departments and links was insufficient, and there were "blind spots" in supervision in individual areas. The construction of a digital discipline inspection and supervision system can effectively break down information barriers between departments and establish a supervision network covering the entire domain. In addition, the digital discipline inspection and supervision system can conduct "technical screening + manual review" dual checks on data with repeated input, format errors, logical contradictions, and data with questionable sources and authenticity, to prevent being "led astray" by erroneous data. In this way, data from collection and screening to storage and use can be followed, so that it can be found, trusted, and used well.

Algorithms provide a "smart core" for the digital discipline inspection and supervision system. With massive data, scientific algorithms are also needed to mine its intrinsic value. With scientific algorithms, the digital discipline inspection and supervision system has the "**火眼金睛**" (huǒ yǎn jīn jīng - "fiery eyes and golden pupils," penetrating insight) to find clues, find patterns, and identify anomalies from complex data. For example, by integrating the job information, performance trajectory, and integrity records of cadres, a clean governance risk assessment model can be built to promptly identify emerging and potential problems; by correlating and analyzing project approval, bidding documents, fund flow, and other data, new types of corruption and hidden corruption can be made nowhere to hide.

Computing power provides "power support" for the digital discipline inspection and supervision system. Data integration and algorithm operation are inseparable from strong computing power guarantees. The value release of data and algorithms requires computing power to drive. Relying on powerful computing power to use large language models and other artificial intelligence technologies, the digital discipline inspection and supervision system allows the model to better fit the practical scenarios of supervision and discipline enforcement through data pre-training and post-training, which can accurately identify and capture data anomalies in real time, quickly complete clue screening, risk warning, evidence fixation, and other work, greatly improve the accuracy of clue mining and risk prediction, and significantly improve the efficiency of supervision and discipline enforcement.

Adhere to the Primary Responsibilities and Main Business of Discipline Inspection and Supervision

Digital technology empowerment must ultimately be implemented in the improvement of the quality and efficiency of discipline inspection and supervision work. To build a digital discipline inspection and supervision system, we must anchor the primary responsibilities and main business, avoid the "technology supremacy" misunderstanding, and promote the organic unity of discipline and law effects, ethical boundaries, and data security.

Adhere to the bottom line of discipline and law to ensure that supervision and discipline enforcement do not overstep. Digital technology is only an auxiliary tool and must operate within the framework of discipline and law. Whether it is data collection or clue verification, we must strictly follow the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and laws and regulations, and we must not arbitrarily expand the scope of supervision under the banner of "technology empowerment," let alone use technical means to break through the red line of discipline and law. For example, when carrying out data verification, we must strictly fulfill the approval procedures to ensure that every link can withstand the test of discipline and law, and achieve the organic unity of political effects, discipline and law effects, and social effects.

Grasp the ethical boundaries to ensure that technology applications do not deviate. Digital technology empowers supervision and discipline enforcement, which should not only pursue efficiency improvement, but also adhere to the ethical bottom line. When using algorithms to conduct risk research and judgment, attention should be paid to preventing simple "**一刀切**" (yī dāo qiē - "one knife cut," a simplistic, one-size-fits-all approach). In fact, algorithms can only identify data anomalies, but it is difficult to fully and thoroughly understand the complex real-world scenarios. For example, in reality, some grassroots cadres coordinate the procurement of disaster relief materials and allocate emergency funds at high frequencies in a short period of time to solve the problem of emergency resettlement of the masses during the flood season, which may seem abnormal from the perspective of data indicators alone, but the actual situation is to ensure people's livelihood. This requires the establishment of a "algorithm warning + manual review + on-site verification" collaborative research and judgment mechanism, not to let the data lead the nose, but to let the data algorithm serve the discipline inspection and supervision work, so that supervision and discipline enforcement are both powerful and pragmatic.

Build a security firewall to ensure that there are no loopholes in data security. Data is an important resource of the digital discipline inspection and supervision system, and maintaining data security is the top priority of building a digital discipline inspection and supervision system. Once data leakage or abuse occurs, it will not only infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of relevant personnel, but also directly damage the credibility of supervision, discipline enforcement, and law enforcement work. To this end, the concept of security must be integrated into the entire process and all aspects of system construction. On the one hand, strengthen classified and grouped management, subdivide discipline inspection and supervision data into core data, sensitive data, and general data, and clarify the boundary of the use of various data permissions. On the other hand, strengthen the technical protection system, implement full encryption monitoring and off-site disaster recovery backup for key links such as data storage, transmission, and use, strictly prevent data leakage, tampering, and other risks, and ensure data security and compliance.

Build a Targeted, Precise, Standardized, Efficient, and Supportive Supervision Pattern

In the construction of the digital discipline inspection and supervision system, both technical empowerment and adherence to system rules should ultimately fall on the closed loop of "person-thing-matter" discipline inspection and supervision work, and focus on building a targeted, precise, standardized, efficient, and supportive supervision pattern.

Build a targeted and precise supervision system for "people." The key to achieving precise supervision lies in precisely locking the supervision object. In the past, there was a problem of unclear definition of supervision objects in individual areas, and supervision and discipline enforcement were prone to falling into the dilemma of "**大海捞针**" (dà hǎi lāo zhēn - "looking for a needle in the ocean," a fruitless search). To build a digital discipline inspection and supervision system, we must focus on precision. On the one hand, establish special supervision models for the "top leader" and young cadres to strengthen normalized risk warning and promote the front-loading of supervision; on the other hand, integrate assets, tax, and other data to build a clean governance risk assessment model and promote the front-loading of supervision. Through portrait marking, dynamic verification, and precise research and judgment, promote the transformation of discipline inspection and supervision work from passive reception of visits to active early warning.

Build a standardized and efficient supervision system for "things." In the past, some local discipline inspection and supervision work had varying degrees of problems such as loose connection between clue disposal, review and investigation, and promotion of reform through cases, which affected and restricted the overall effectiveness of discipline inspection and supervision work. Relying on an integrated digital platform, the digital discipline inspection and supervision system promotes the standardized and standardized operation of the entire supervision process. Among them, clue disposal implements full-process traceability and closed-loop management to ensure that important clues are not missed and related clues can actively emerge. Review and investigation can quickly fix the evidence chain and clarify the association of interest transfer with the help of digital technology empowerment. Style supervision focuses on the "**四风**" (sì fēng - "four forms of misconduct," formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism, and extravagance) problem and uses big data screening methods to open up the "last mile" of grassroots supervision. By making supervision work have standards to follow, processes to rely on, and closed-loop control, we can achieve smooth processes and adequate supervision, strictly supervise the handling of cases, and strictly manage case handlers, effectively improving the efficiency of discipline inspection and supervision work.

Build a solid and powerful support and guarantee system. Precise supervision of "people" and standardized supervision of "things" are inseparable from stable and reliable system support. Traditional supervision methods once had problems such as the lack of rules for technical application and the lack of coordination in data sharing, and the "**信息孤岛**" (xìn xī gū dǎo - "information islands," isolated data silos) restricted the effectiveness of supervision. The construction of a digital discipline inspection and supervision system directly addresses this pain point and builds a system framework for the efficient operation of technology and data. On the one hand, establish a cross-departmental data sharing and collaboration mechanism led by discipline inspection and supervision organs and coordinated by various functional departments to unblock data flow blockages. On the other hand, improve the operation and maintenance guarantee system of the digital platform to ensure that technical iterations keep up with the needs of anti-corruption combat, equipment updates match the pace of supervision work, and security protection guards the bottom line of data security.

Coordinate Technological Innovation and Practical Effectiveness

From a systems theory perspective, the construction of a digital discipline inspection and supervision system is by no means a scattered technology superposition, but a systematic project of multi-party collaboration, multi-level linkage, and multi-element integration. Its deep logic is to closely focus on the "person-thing-matter" main framework, adhere to the problem orientation, coordinate technological innovation and practical effectiveness, and ensure that the digital discipline inspection and supervision system can be used well and managed well.

Adhere to the unity of overall planning and business adaptation. The construction of a digital discipline inspection and supervision system focuses on taking into account the overall layout and practical orientation, not only to build an overall framework of a national chessboard and a network, and focus on solving problems such as top-level design and non-uniform standards and norms; but also to address the problem of "building without using, using without reality," closely focus on the supervision target of "people," the supervision process of "things," and the supervision support of "things," focus on key areas to make breakthroughs first, and form a construction pattern of key breakthroughs, point-surface combination, overall promotion, and system optimization.

Adhere to the coordination of data security and technological innovation. Data and technology are important engines of the digital discipline inspection and supervision system, and we must adhere to the equal emphasis on empowerment and security, not only let data and technology empower supervision, but also let data and technology not cross the red line. In response to the data sharing barriers and security management shortcomings that exist in the work, we must not only break down departmental barriers and activate data value to provide support for accurate case handling, but also build a security firewall and prevent various risks to create digital tools that are "useful, easy to use, and willing to use."

Adhere to the combination of talent cultivation and quality improvement. A high-quality professional team is the key support for the digital discipline inspection and supervision system to take root and take effect. In the face of the shortcomings of some cadres' low digital literacy, we must formulate a special talent introduction plan, target and absorb talents who understand both discipline and law and technology, and continuously optimize the structure of the discipline inspection and supervision cadre team. At the same time, strengthen the cultivation of all cadres, establish and improve the "discipline and law + technology" training mechanism, comprehensively improve the digital literacy of cadres, ensure that cadres are proficient in the use of technical tools, strictly adapt to process norms, accurately implement supervision requirements, and comprehensively improve the ability of the discipline inspection and supervision cadre team to perform their duties.

(The author is a special researcher at the Chongqing Collaborative Research Base of the Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era Research Center)

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China's Apple Production and Consumption Rank First Globally

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Let "red fruit" become "fruit of prosperity" and "fruit of happiness"

By: 徐雷鹏

Currently, China has become the world's largest producer and consumer of apples, with an annual total output of over 51 million tons and an annual consumption of over 47 million tons. These "red fruits" are increasingly growing into "prosperity fruits" and "happiness fruits" that drive regional development and nourish the vast number of farmers.

Entering a new era, China's apple industry has achieved significant improvements in variety structure, production models, and technological support. The industrial pattern has shifted from traditional decentralized planting to intensive and standardized production in advantageous producing areas, and the development mode has also moved from 靠天吃饭 (kào tiān chī fàn - "relying on the heavens for food," dependent on the weather) to comprehensive technological empowerment. Technologies such as variety selection, dwarfing rootstock intensive cultivation, water-saving irrigation, and intelligent sorting are widely used, clearly outlining the trajectory of industrial upgrading.

At the same time, the improvement of storage and transportation facilities and the rapid development of e-commerce platforms have further broken through the limitations of time and space, allowing the freshness and sweetness of apples to reach thousands of households directly from the branches. A number of high-quality brands, such as Tianshui Huaniu Apples (天水花牛苹果), have emerged, which not only extends the industrial value chain but also enhances the reputation of Chinese agricultural products.

The value of the apple industry also lies in its tangible transformation into "golden fruits" for increasing farmers' income. From east to west and from south to north, from tens of meters above sea level to more than 3,700 meters, apples have been promoted and planted in most provinces of China, employing tens of millions of people. In some major apple-producing areas, through linkage models such as "company + cooperative + farmer," the benefit-sharing mechanism of the industrial chain is constantly improved, and farmers not only enjoy planting income but also share the added value dividends of processing, circulation, and other links. Apples reflect the increasingly prosperous lives of the villagers; villages thriving because of apples confirm that "this is the best and most suitable industry with great prospects."

Promoting the optimization of variety structure, expanding diversified markets, and promoting the deep integration of industries... In the future, facing new situations, the development of the apple industry must continue to be based on resource endowments, do a good job in characteristic industries, inject lasting and strong impetus into the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside, and make this "happiness fruit" more sweet and full of vitality.

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Editor in charge of this edition: Su Xianlong, Zhao Xiaoxi, Chi Jiarui

Layout Design Cai Huawei (蔡华伟)

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Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China

Presidential Decree of the People's Republic of China
No. 54

The "Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China" was revised and adopted at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on September 12, 2025, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into effect on March 1, 2026.

President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping (习近平)
September 12, 2025

Contents

Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Arbitration Institutions, Arbitrators, and Arbitration Associations
Chapter III Arbitration Agreements
Chapter IV Arbitration Procedures
Section 1 Application and Acceptance
Section 2 Composition of the Arbitration Tribunal
Section 3 Hearing and Award
Chapter V Application for Revocation of Award
Chapter VI Enforcement
Chapter VII Special Provisions for Foreign-Related Arbitration
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 This Law is formulated to ensure fair and timely arbitration of economic disputes, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and safeguard the healthy development of the socialist market economy.

Article 2 The development of arbitration shall implement the guidelines, policies, decisions, and deployments of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) and the state, serve the country's high-quality development and high-level opening to the outside world, create a market-oriented, law-based, and international business environment, and play a role in resolving economic disputes.

Article 3 Contractual disputes and other property rights disputes arising between natural persons, legal persons, and non-legal person organizations with equal status may be arbitrated.

The following disputes cannot be arbitrated:
(1) Disputes over marriage, adoption, guardianship, support, or inheritance;
(2) Administrative disputes that should be handled by administrative organs according to law.

Article 4 When parties choose arbitration to resolve disputes, they shall follow the principle of voluntariness and reach an arbitration agreement. If there is no arbitration agreement, the arbitration institution shall not accept the application for arbitration by one party.

Article 5 If the parties reach an arbitration agreement and one party brings a lawsuit in the People's Court, the People's Court shall not accept it, unless the arbitration agreement is invalid or otherwise provided by law.

Article 6 The arbitration institution shall be selected by agreement between the parties.

Arbitration shall not be subject to jurisdiction by level or territory.

Article 7 Arbitration shall be based on facts, in accordance with legal provisions, and shall resolve disputes fairly and reasonably.

Article 8 Arbitration shall follow the principle of good faith.

Article 9 Arbitration shall be conducted independently according to law and shall not be interfered with by administrative organs, social organizations, or individuals.

Article 10 Arbitration implements a system of final award. After the award is made, if the parties apply for arbitration again or bring a lawsuit in the People's Court regarding the same dispute, the arbitration institution or the People's Court shall not accept it.

If the award is revoked or not enforced by the People's Court in accordance with the law, the parties may apply for arbitration based on a newly reached arbitration agreement or bring a lawsuit in the People's Court regarding the dispute.

Article 11 Arbitration activities may be conducted online through information networks, unless the parties expressly disagree.

Arbitration activities conducted online through information networks shall have the same legal effect as offline arbitration activities.

Article 12 The state supports arbitration institutions in strengthening exchanges and cooperation with overseas arbitration institutions and relevant international organizations, and actively participating in the formulation of international arbitration rules.

Chapter II Arbitration Institutions, Arbitrators, and Arbitration Associations

Article 13 Arbitration institutions may be established in municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities where the people's governments of provinces and autonomous regions are located, and may also be established in other prefecture-level cities as needed, without being established at each level according to administrative divisions.

Arbitration institutions shall be uniformly established by the people's governments of the cities stipulated in the preceding paragraph in conjunction with relevant departments and chambers of commerce, and shall be public welfare non-profit legal persons.

Article 14 Arbitration institutions established in accordance with Article 13 of this Law shall be registered with the judicial administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government.

Arbitration institutions established by the China International Chamber of Commerce (中国国际商会) with the approval of the State Council shall be filed with the judicial administrative department of the State Council.

The specific measures for the registration and management of arbitration institutions shall be formulated by the State Council.

Article 15 Arbitration institutions shall meet the following conditions:
(1) Have their own name, domicile, and articles of association;
(2) Have the necessary property;
(3) Have members that comply with the provisions of this Law;
(4) Have appointed arbitrators.

The articles of association of arbitration institutions shall be formulated in accordance with this Law.

Article 16 If an arbitration institution changes its name, domicile, articles of association, legal representative, or members, it shall submit an application and go through the change registration procedures in accordance with the law.

Article 17 If an arbitration institution terminates, it shall go through deregistration procedures in accordance with the law.

Article 18 The members of an arbitration institution shall include one director, two to four deputy directors, and seven to eleven members.

The members of the arbitration institution shall be legal, economic and trade, scientific and technological experts and personnel with practical work experience. Among the members of the arbitration institution, legal, economic and trade, scientific and technological experts shall not be less than two-thirds.

The term of office of the members of the arbitration institution shall be five years per term. When the term of office expires, the members shall be re-elected in accordance with the law, and no less than one-third of the members shall be replaced.

Article 19 Arbitration institutions shall establish and improve their internal governance structure in accordance with laws, regulations, and the provisions of their articles of association, and clarify the responsibilities, powers, and procedures for decision-making, implementation, and supervision.

Arbitration institutions shall establish and improve systems for democratic deliberation, personnel management, fee and financial management, document management, and complaint handling.

Arbitration institutions shall strengthen the supervision of their members, staff, and arbitrators, and promptly investigate and deal with their illegal and disciplinary acts in arbitration activities in accordance with the law; if it is necessary to pursue legal responsibility, they shall be transferred to the relevant authorities for handling in a timely manner.

Article 20 Arbitration institutions shall establish an information disclosure system, and promptly disclose to the public information such as their articles of association, registration and filing, arbitration rules, list of arbitrators, service procedures, fee standards, annual business reports, and financial reports, and voluntarily accept social supervision.

Article 21 Arbitrators appointed by arbitration institutions shall be fair and upright, possess good professional qualities, be diligent and responsible, be honest and upright, and abide by professional ethics.

Article 22 Arbitrators shall meet one of the following conditions:
(1) Have obtained legal professional qualifications through the National Unified Legal Professional Qualification Examination and have been engaged in arbitration work for eight years;
(2) Have practiced as a lawyer for eight years;
(3) Have served as a judge or prosecutor for eight years;
(4) Are engaged in legal research or teaching and have a senior professional title;
(5) Have legal knowledge, are engaged in legal, economic and trade, maritime and commercial, scientific and technological and other professional work, and have a senior professional title or equivalent professional level.

If laws such as the "Supervisors Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国监察官法)," the "Judges Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国法官法)," and the "Prosecutors Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国检察官法)" stipulate that relevant public officials shall not concurrently serve as arbitrators, their provisions shall prevail; other public officials who concurrently serve as arbitrators shall comply with relevant regulations.

Arbitration institutions may appoint arbitrators from overseas personnel with specialized knowledge of law, economic and trade, maritime and commercial affairs, science and technology, etc.

Article 23 Arbitration institutions shall establish a list of arbitrators according to different specialties.

If an arbitrator is dismissed from public office, has his lawyer's practice certificate revoked, or has his senior professional title revoked, and no longer meets the conditions for serving as an arbitrator, the arbitration institution shall remove him from the list.

Article 24 Arbitration institutions are independent of administrative organs and have no subordinate relationship with administrative organs.

There is no subordinate relationship between arbitration institutions.

Article 25 The China Arbitration Association (中国仲裁协会) is a social group legal person. Arbitration institutions are members of the China Arbitration Association. The articles of association of the China Arbitration Association shall be formulated by the National Congress of Members.

The China Arbitration Association is a self-regulatory organization of arbitration institutions, and supervises the behavior of arbitration institutions and their members, staff, and arbitrators in arbitration activities in accordance with its articles of association.

The China Arbitration Association shall formulate model arbitration rules in accordance with this Law and the relevant provisions of the "Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国民事诉讼法)."

Article 26 The judicial administrative department of the State Council shall guide and supervise the national arbitration work in accordance with the law, improve relevant working systems, and coordinate the planning of the development of arbitration.

The judicial administrative departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall guide and supervise the arbitration work within their respective administrative regions in accordance with the law.

Chapter III Arbitration Agreements

Article 27 An arbitration agreement includes an arbitration clause stipulated in a contract and an agreement to request arbitration reached in other written forms before or after a dispute occurs.

An arbitration agreement shall contain the following contents:
(1) An expression of intent to request arbitration;
(2) The matters for arbitration;
(3) The selected arbitration institution.

If one party claims that there is an arbitration agreement when applying for arbitration, and the other party does not deny it before the first hearing, it shall be deemed that there is an arbitration agreement between the parties after the arbitration tribunal prompts and records it.

Article 28 An arbitration agreement shall be invalid under any of the following circumstances:
(1) The agreed matters for arbitration exceed the scope of arbitration prescribed by law;
(2) The arbitration agreement is concluded by a person without civil capacity or a person with limited civil capacity;
(3) One party uses coercive means to force the other party to conclude an arbitration agreement.

Article 29 If the arbitration agreement does not stipulate or stipulates unclearly the matters for arbitration or the arbitration institution, the parties may enter into a supplementary agreement; if a supplementary agreement cannot be reached, the arbitration agreement shall be invalid.

Article 30 The arbitration agreement exists independently. The establishment, modification, invalidation, termination, revocation, or invalidity of the contract shall not affect the validity of the arbitration agreement that has been reached.

The arbitration tribunal has the right to confirm the validity of the contract.

Article 31 If a party has an objection to the validity of the arbitration agreement, it may request the arbitration institution or the arbitration tribunal to make a decision, or it may request the People's Court to make a ruling. If one party requests the arbitration institution or the arbitration tribunal to make a decision, and the other party requests the People's Court to make a ruling, the People's Court shall make a ruling.

A party who has an objection to the validity of the arbitration agreement shall raise it before the first hearing of the arbitration tribunal.

Chapter IV Arbitration Procedures

Section 1 Application and Acceptance

Article 32 A party applying for arbitration shall meet the following conditions:
(1) There is an arbitration agreement;
(2) There are specific arbitration requests and facts and reasons;
(3) It falls within the scope of acceptance of the arbitration institution.

Article 33 A party applying for arbitration shall submit the arbitration agreement, the arbitration application, and copies to the arbitration institution.

Article 34 The arbitration application shall state the following matters:
(1) The name, gender, age, occupation, work unit, domicile, and contact information of the parties, and the name, domicile, and name, position, and contact information of the legal representative or principal person in charge of the legal person or non-legal person organization;
(2) The arbitration request and the facts and reasons on which it is based;
(3) Evidence and sources of evidence, and the names and domiciles of witnesses.

Article 35 Within five days from the date of receiving the arbitration application, if the arbitration institution considers that it meets the conditions for acceptance, it shall accept it and notify the applicant; if it considers that it does not meet the conditions for acceptance, it shall notify the applicant in writing that it will not be accepted and state the reasons.

Article 36 After accepting the arbitration application, the arbitration institution shall send the arbitration rules and the list of arbitrators to the applicant within the time limit stipulated in the arbitration rules, and send a copy of the arbitration application and the arbitration rules and the list of arbitrators to the respondent.

After receiving a copy of the arbitration application, the respondent shall submit a statement of defense to the arbitration institution within the time limit stipulated in the arbitration rules. After receiving the statement of defense, the arbitration institution shall send a copy of the statement of defense to the applicant within the time limit stipulated in the arbitration rules. Failure of the respondent to submit a statement of defense shall not affect the arbitration proceedings.

Article 37 If the parties reach an arbitration agreement and one party brings a lawsuit in the People's Court without stating that there is an arbitration agreement, and the People's Court accepts it, if the other party submits the arbitration agreement before the first hearing, the People's Court shall reject the lawsuit, unless the arbitration agreement is invalid or otherwise provided by law; if the other party does not raise an objection to the People's Court's acceptance of the case before the first hearing, it shall be deemed to have waived the arbitration agreement, and the People's Court shall continue the trial.

Article 38 The applicant may abandon or change the arbitration request. The respondent may admit or refute the arbitration request and has the right to file a counterclaim.

Article 39 If one party's actions or other reasons may make it difficult to enforce the award or cause other damages to the parties, it may apply for property preservation or request the other party to take certain actions or prohibit it from taking certain actions. If a party applies for preservation, the arbitration institution shall submit the party's application to the People's Court in accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国民事诉讼法)," and the People's Court shall handle it in a timely manner in accordance with the law.

In urgent circumstances, the parties to the arbitration agreement may apply to the People's Court for property preservation or request the other party to take certain actions or prohibit it from taking certain actions in accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国民事诉讼法)" before applying for arbitration. If a party applies for preservation, the People's Court shall handle it in a timely manner in accordance with the law.

If the application is wrong, the applicant shall compensate the respondent for the losses suffered due to the preservation.

Article 40 Parties and legal representatives may entrust lawyers and other agents to conduct arbitration activities. If a lawyer or other agent is entrusted to conduct arbitration activities, a power of attorney shall be submitted to the arbitration institution.

Article 41 Arbitration documents shall be served in a reasonable manner agreed upon by the parties; if the parties have not agreed or the agreement is unclear, they shall be served in the manner stipulated in the arbitration rules.

Section 2 Composition of the Arbitration Tribunal

Article 42 The arbitration tribunal may be composed of three arbitrators or one arbitrator. If it is composed of three arbitrators, a chief arbitrator shall be appointed.

Article 43 If the parties agree that the arbitration tribunal shall be composed of three arbitrators, they shall each select or entrust the director of the arbitration institution to designate an arbitrator in accordance with the procedures determined by the arbitration rules; the third arbitrator shall be jointly selected by the parties, or may be jointly entrusted to the director of the arbitration institution to designate in accordance with the procedures determined by the arbitration rules. If the parties agree that the third arbitrator shall be jointly selected by the arbitrators selected by each party, their agreement shall prevail. The third arbitrator is the chief arbitrator.

If the parties agree that the arbitration tribunal shall be composed of one arbitrator, the arbitrator shall be jointly selected by the parties, or may be jointly entrusted to the director of the arbitration institution to designate in accordance with the procedures determined by the arbitration rules.

Article 44 If the parties fail to agree on the method of composition of the arbitration tribunal or select the arbitrator within the time limit stipulated in the arbitration rules, the director of the arbitration institution shall determine or designate it in accordance with the procedures determined by the arbitration rules.

Article 45 If an arbitrator has circumstances that may cause the parties to have reasonable doubts about his independence and impartiality, the arbitrator shall promptly disclose it to the arbitration institution in writing.

The arbitration institution shall notify the parties in writing of the arbitrator's written disclosure and the composition of the arbitration tribunal.

Article 46 An arbitrator must withdraw under any of the following circumstances, and the parties also have the right to apply for withdrawal:
(1) Is a party, agent, or close relative of a party or agent in the case;
(2) Has an interest in the case;
(3) Has other relationships with the parties or agents in the case that may affect impartial arbitration;
(4) Meets with the parties or agents privately, or accepts invitations or gifts from the parties or agents.
(IV) Meeting with the parties or agents in private, or accepting invitations to dinner or gifts from the parties or agents.

Article 47: A party applying for withdrawal shall state the reasons and submit the application before the first hearing. If the reason for withdrawal is known after the first hearing, it may be submitted before the conclusion of the final hearing.

Article 48: Whether an arbitrator should withdraw shall be decided by the director of the arbitration institution; when the director of the arbitration institution serves as an arbitrator, whether he/she should withdraw shall be collectively decided by other members of the arbitration institution.

Article 49: If an arbitrator is unable to perform his/her duties due to withdrawal or other reasons, an arbitrator shall be re-selected or designated in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

After an arbitrator is re-selected or designated due to withdrawal, the parties may request that the arbitration proceedings that have already been conducted be re-conducted. Whether to allow this shall be decided by the arbitration tribunal; the arbitration tribunal may also decide on its own whether the arbitration proceedings that have already been conducted should be re-conducted.

Article 50: If an arbitrator is in a situation as stipulated in item (IV) of Article 46 of this Law and the circumstances are serious, or if he/she is in a situation as stipulated in item (VI) of the first paragraph of Article 71 of this Law, he/she shall bear legal responsibility in accordance with the law, and the arbitration institution shall remove him/her from the list.

Section 3: Hearing and Award

Article 51: Arbitration shall be conducted through a hearing. If the parties agree not to hold a hearing, the arbitration tribunal may make an award based on the arbitration application, the statement of defense, and other materials.

Article 52: Arbitration shall not be conducted in public. If the parties agree to conduct it in public, it may be conducted in public, except where state secrets, the commercial secrets of others, or personal privacy are involved.

Article 53: The arbitration institution shall notify both parties of the date of the hearing within the time limit stipulated in the arbitration rules. If a party has a legitimate reason, it may request a postponement of the hearing within the time limit stipulated in the arbitration rules. Whether to postpone the hearing shall be decided by the arbitration tribunal.

Article 54: If the applicant, after being notified in writing, fails to appear in court without a legitimate reason or leaves the court midway without the permission of the arbitration tribunal, it may be deemed as a withdrawal of the arbitration application.

If the respondent, after being notified in writing, fails to appear in court without a legitimate reason or leaves the court midway without the permission of the arbitration tribunal, a default award may be made.

Article 55: The parties shall provide evidence for their claims.

If the arbitration tribunal deems it necessary to collect evidence, it may collect it on its own; when necessary, it may request assistance from relevant parties in accordance with the law.

Article 56: The parties may apply to the arbitration tribunal for expert evaluation on specialized issues to clarify the facts. If the arbitration tribunal, based on the application of the parties or its own judgment, believes that an expert evaluation is needed on specialized issues, it may entrust the evaluation to an expert agreed upon by the parties, or it may be entrusted to an expert designated by the arbitration tribunal.

Upon notification by the arbitration tribunal, the expert shall attend the hearing at the request of the parties or the arbitration tribunal. With the permission of the arbitration tribunal, the parties may ask questions of the expert.

Article 57: Evidence shall be presented at the hearing, and the parties may cross-examine it.

Article 58: In circumstances where evidence may be lost or difficult to obtain in the future, the parties may apply for evidence preservation. If a party applies for evidence preservation, the arbitration institution shall submit the party's application to the basic people's court (基层人民法院) in the place where the evidence is located, and the people's court shall handle it promptly in accordance with the law.

In urgent circumstances, the parties to the arbitration agreement may apply to the people's court for evidence preservation in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国民事诉讼法) before applying for arbitration. If a party applies for evidence preservation, the people's court shall handle it promptly in accordance with the law.

Article 59: The parties have the right to argue during the arbitration process. At the end of the debate, the chief arbitrator or sole arbitrator shall solicit the final opinions of the parties.

Article 60: The arbitration tribunal shall record the hearing situation in the record. If the parties and other arbitration participants believe that there are omissions or errors in the record of their statements, they have the right to apply for corrections. If the corrections are not made, the application shall be recorded.

The record shall be signed or sealed by the arbitrators, recorders, parties, and other arbitration participants.

Article 61: If the arbitration tribunal discovers that a party has fabricated basic facts unilaterally to apply for arbitration, or that the parties have maliciously colluded in an attempt to harm national interests, social public interests, or the legitimate rights and interests of others through arbitration, it shall reject its arbitration request.

Article 62: After applying for arbitration, the parties may settle the dispute on their own. If a settlement agreement is reached, they may request the arbitration tribunal to make an award based on the settlement agreement, or they may withdraw the arbitration application.

Article 63: If the parties reach a settlement agreement and withdraw the arbitration application but then go back on their word, they may apply for arbitration in accordance with the arbitration agreement.

Article 64: The arbitration tribunal may first conduct mediation before making an award. If the parties voluntarily mediate, the arbitration tribunal shall mediate. If mediation fails, an award shall be made promptly.

If a settlement agreement is reached through mediation, the arbitration tribunal shall prepare a mediation statement or prepare an award based on the results of the agreement. The mediation statement and the award have the same legal effect.

Article 65: The mediation statement shall state the arbitration request and the results of the agreement between the parties. The mediation statement shall be signed by the arbitrators, sealed with the seal of the arbitration institution, and served on both parties.

The mediation statement shall become legally effective after being signed and received by both parties.

If a party goes back on its word before the mediation statement is signed and received, the arbitration tribunal shall make an award promptly.

Article 66: The award shall be made in accordance with the opinion of the majority of the arbitrators, and the dissenting opinions of the minority of arbitrators may be recorded in the record. When the arbitration tribunal cannot form a majority opinion, the award shall be made in accordance with the opinion of the chief arbitrator.

Article 67: The award shall state the arbitration request, the facts of the dispute, the reasons for the award, the results of the award, the burden of arbitration fees, and the date of the award. If the parties agree that they do not want to state the facts of the dispute and the reasons for the award, they may not do so. The award shall be signed by the arbitrators and sealed with the seal of the arbitration institution. Arbitrators who disagree with the award may sign or not sign.

Article 68: When an arbitration tribunal arbitrates a dispute, if a portion of the facts are already clear, it may make an award on that portion first.

Article 69: The arbitration tribunal shall correct any textual or calculation errors in the award or any matters that the arbitration tribunal has already ruled on but omitted from the award; the parties may request the arbitration tribunal to make corrections within 30 days from the date of receipt of the award.

Article 70: The award shall become legally effective from the date it is made.

Chapter V: Application for Revocation of Award

Article 71: If a party presents evidence proving that the award has one of the following circumstances, it may apply to the intermediate people's court (中级人民法院) in the place where the arbitration institution is located to revoke the award:

(I) There is no arbitration agreement;

(II) The matters decided in the award are beyond the scope of the arbitration agreement or the arbitration institution has no right to arbitrate;

(III) The composition of the arbitration tribunal or the arbitration procedure violates legal procedures;

(IV) The evidence on which the award is based is forged;

(V) The other party concealed evidence sufficient to affect the fairness of the award;

(VI) The arbitrator solicited or accepted bribes, practiced favoritism or irregularities, or made an award that perverted the law when arbitrating the case.

If the people's court, after forming a collegial panel to review and verify that the award has one of the circumstances stipulated in the preceding paragraph, shall rule to revoke it.

If the people's court determines that the award violates the public interest, it shall rule to revoke it.

Article 72: A party applying for revocation of an award shall submit the application within three months from the date of receipt of the award.

Article 73: The people's court shall make a ruling to revoke the award or reject the application within two months from the date of accepting the application for revocation of the award.

Article 74: After accepting an application for revocation of an award, if the people's court believes that the arbitration tribunal can re-arbitrate the case, it shall notify the arbitration tribunal to re-arbitrate within a certain period of time and rule to suspend the revocation procedure. If the arbitration tribunal begins re-arbitration, the people's court shall rule to terminate the revocation procedure. If the arbitration tribunal refuses to re-arbitrate, the people's court shall rule to resume the revocation procedure.

Chapter VI: Enforcement

Article 75: The parties shall perform the award. If one party fails to perform, the other party may apply to the people's court for enforcement in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国民事诉讼法). The people's court receiving the application shall enforce it.

Article 76: If the respondent presents evidence proving that the award has one of the circumstances stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 71 of this Law, the people's court, after forming a collegial panel to review and verify, shall rule not to enforce it.

If the people's court determines that enforcing the award violates the public interest, it shall rule not to enforce it.

Article 77: If one party applies for enforcement of the award and the other party applies for revocation of the award, the people's court shall rule to suspend enforcement.

If the people's court rules to revoke the award, it shall rule to terminate enforcement. If the application for revocation of the award is ruled to be rejected, the people's court shall rule to resume enforcement.

Chapter VII: Special Provisions for Foreign-Related Arbitration

Article 78: The arbitration of foreign-related economic and trade, transportation, maritime disputes, and other foreign-related disputes shall be governed by the provisions of this chapter; matters not stipulated in this chapter shall be governed by other relevant provisions of this Law.

Article 79: If a party to foreign-related arbitration applies for evidence preservation, the arbitration institution shall submit the party's application to the intermediate people's court (中级人民法院) in the place where the evidence is located, and the people's court shall handle it promptly in accordance with the law.

Article 80: The arbitration tribunal for foreign-related arbitration may record the hearing situation in the record, or make a summary of the record, and the summary of the record may be signed or sealed by the parties and other arbitration participants.

Article 81: The parties may agree in writing on the place of arbitration. Unless the parties have otherwise agreed on the law applicable to the arbitration procedure, the place of arbitration shall be the basis for determining the law applicable to the arbitration procedure and the court with jurisdiction. The arbitration award shall be deemed to have been made in the place of arbitration.

If the parties have not agreed on the place of arbitration or the agreement is unclear, the place of arbitration shall be determined according to the arbitration rules agreed upon by the parties; if the arbitration rules do not provide for this, the place of arbitration shall be determined by the arbitration tribunal based on the circumstances of the case and in accordance with the principle of facilitating dispute resolution.

Article 82: In the case of foreign-related maritime disputes or foreign-related disputes occurring between enterprises registered and established in free trade pilot zones approved by the State Council (国务院), the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港), and other areas prescribed by the state, if the parties agree in writing to arbitrate, they may choose to have the arbitration conducted by an arbitration institution; they may also choose the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) as the place of arbitration and have an arbitration tribunal composed of personnel meeting the conditions stipulated in this Law conduct the arbitration in accordance with the agreed arbitration rules. The arbitration tribunal shall, within three working days after its formation, file the names of the parties, the place of arbitration, the composition of the arbitration tribunal, and the arbitration rules with the arbitration association.

If a party applies for property preservation, evidence preservation, requests that the other party be ordered to perform certain actions or be prohibited from performing certain actions, the arbitration tribunal shall submit the party's application to the people's court in accordance with the law, and the people's court shall handle it promptly in accordance with the law.

Article 83: If a party presents evidence proving that a foreign-related arbitration award has one of the following circumstances, the people's court, after forming a collegial panel to review and verify, shall rule to revoke it:

(I) There is no arbitration agreement;

(II) The respondent did not receive notice of the appointment of an arbitrator or of the arbitration proceedings, or was unable to state his/her opinion due to other reasons not attributable to the respondent;

(III) The composition of the arbitration tribunal or the arbitration procedure is inconsistent with the arbitration rules;

(IV) The matters decided in the award are beyond the scope of the arbitration agreement or the arbitration institution has no right to arbitrate.

If the people's court determines that the award violates the public interest, it shall rule to revoke it.

Article 84: If the respondent presents evidence proving that a foreign-related arbitration award has one of the circumstances stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 83 of this Law, the people's court, after forming a collegial panel to review and verify, shall rule not to enforce it.

If the people's court determines that enforcing the award violates the public interest, it shall rule not to enforce it.

Article 85: If a party requests enforcement of an arbitration award that has become legally effective and was made within the territory of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), and the person against whom enforcement is sought or his/her property is not within the territory of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), the party may directly apply to a foreign court with jurisdiction for recognition and enforcement.

Article 86: Support arbitration institutions to establish business organizations outside the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) to carry out arbitration activities.

According to the needs of economic and social development and reform and opening up, foreign arbitration institutions may be allowed to establish business organizations in free trade pilot zones, the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港), and other areas approved by the State Council (国务院) in accordance with relevant national regulations to carry out foreign-related arbitration activities.

Article 87: Encourage parties to foreign-related arbitration to choose arbitration institutions in the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) (including special administrative regions) and agree that the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) (including special administrative regions) be the place of arbitration for arbitration.

Article 88: If an arbitration award that has become legally effective and was made outside the territory of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) needs to be recognized and enforced by the people's court, the party may directly apply to the intermediate people's court (中级人民法院) at the place of domicile of the person against whom enforcement is sought or where his/her property is located. If the place of domicile of the person against whom enforcement is sought or his/her property is not within the territory of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), the party may apply to the intermediate people's court (中级人民法院) at the place of domicile of the applicant or at a place that has an appropriate connection with the dispute in the award. The people's court shall handle it in accordance with international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), or in accordance with the principle of reciprocity.

If a foreign arbitration institution restricts or discriminates against the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, and other organizations of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), the relevant institutions of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) have the right to implement the principle of reciprocity against citizens, enterprises, and other organizations of that country.

Chapter VIII: Supplementary Provisions

Article 89: The arbitration institutions referred to in this Law include arbitration commissions, arbitration courts, and other institutions established in accordance with the law.

Article 90: If the law has provisions on the limitation of time for arbitration, those provisions shall apply; if there are no provisions, the provisions on the limitation of time for litigation shall apply.

Article 91: Arbitration institutions may formulate arbitration rules with reference to the model arbitration rules formulated by the China Arbitration Association (中国仲裁协会) in accordance with this Law and the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国民事诉讼法).

Article 92: The parties shall pay arbitration fees in accordance with the regulations.

Arbitration institutions shall formulate methods for collecting arbitration fees in accordance with relevant national regulations.

Article 93: Labor dispute arbitration, rural land contract management dispute arbitration, and sports arbitration shall be governed by the provisions of relevant laws such as the Law of the People's Republic of China on Mediation and Arbitration of Labor Disputes (中华人民共和国劳动争议调解仲裁法), the Law of the People's Republic of China on Mediation and Arbitration of Rural Land Contract Management Disputes (中华人民共和国农村土地承包经营纠纷调解仲裁法), and the Sports Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国体育法).

Article 94: Arbitration institutions and arbitration tribunals may handle international investment arbitration cases in accordance with the provisions of relevant international investment treaties and agreements on submitting investment disputes to arbitration, and in accordance with the arbitration rules agreed upon by the disputing parties.

Article 95: Violations of the regulations on the registration and management of arbitration institutions shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 96: This Law shall come into effect on March 1, 2026.

(Xinhua News Agency (新华社) dispatch)

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Organic Law of the Urban Residents Committees of the People's Republic of China

Presidential Decree of the People's Republic of China

No. 60

The "Organic Law of the Urban Residents' Committees of the People's Republic of China" was revised and adopted at the 18th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on October 28, 2025, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of January 1, 2026.

President of the People's Republic of China: Xi Jinping (习近平)
October 28, 2025

Contents

Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Composition and Responsibilities of Residents' Committees
Chapter III Election of Residents' Committees
Chapter IV Residents' Meetings and Residents' Representative Meetings
Chapter V Democratic Management and Democratic Supervision
Chapter VI Guarantees for the Work of Residents' Committees
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution in order to improve the system of grassroots mass autonomy, enable urban residents to manage their own affairs in accordance with the law, develop grassroots democracy, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of residents, and promote the modernization of the grassroots governance system and governance capacity.

Article 2 Residents' committees are grassroots mass autonomous organizations for residents' self-management, self-service, self-education, and self-supervision, and implement democratic election, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision.

Residents' committees are responsible to and report their work to residents' meetings and residents' representative meetings.

Article 3 Residents' committees shall be established according to the residential status of residents and in accordance with the principles of facilitating residents' autonomy and benefiting grassroots governance, generally within the range of 1,000 to 3,000 households, and may also be established within an appropriate range according to actual needs. The area where a residents' committee is established is called a community.

The establishment, dissolution, and scale adjustment of residents' committees shall be proposed by the sub-district offices and submitted to the people's governments of cities without districts and municipal districts for approval.

Article 4 The work of residents' committees shall adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), adhere to and develop whole-process people's democracy, and adhere to the combination of autonomy, rule of law, and rule of virtue.

The grassroots organizations of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) in the community shall carry out their work in accordance with the Constitution of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党章程), lead and support the residents' committees in exercising their powers; and support and guarantee residents' autonomous activities and direct exercise of democratic rights in accordance with the Constitution and laws.

Article 5 The central and local grassroots mass autonomy guidance and supervision departments are responsible for guiding and supervising the urban grassroots mass autonomy work.

Article 6 The people's governments of cities without districts and municipal districts and the sub-district offices shall provide guidance, support, and assistance to the work of the residents' committees. The residents' committees shall assist the people's governments of cities without districts and municipal districts or the sub-district offices in carrying out their work.

Article 7 Organizations and individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the work of residents' autonomy shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Chapter II Composition and Responsibilities of Residents' Committees

Article 8 A residents' committee shall be composed of five to nine members, including a director, a deputy director, and members.

There shall be women members in the residents' committee. Members of the residents' committee shall avoid close relatives.

The director of the residents' committee may be held concurrently by the person in charge of the community Party organization through legal procedures. Members of the residents' committee and members of the leadership team of the community Party organization may hold concurrent positions.

Article 9 Residents' committees shall establish committees for people's mediation, public security, public health, environmental and property management, work for the elderly, women, and children, etc., as needed.

Members of the residents' committee may concurrently serve as members of subordinate committees. Residents' committees with fewer residents may not establish subordinate committees, and members of the residents' committee shall be responsible for relevant work according to the division of labor.

Article 10 Residents' committees shall perform the following duties:

(1) Publicizing the Constitution, laws, and regulations, publicizing the policies of the Party and the state, supporting and promoting residents' fulfillment of their legal obligations, and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of residents;

(2) Supporting and guiding residents to practice the core socialist values, forging a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation, and advocating good social customs and a civilized, healthy, green, and environmentally friendly lifestyle;

(3) Handling public affairs and public welfare undertakings of the residents in the community, carrying out community service activities that are convenient and beneficial to the people, and caring for the elderly, children, people with disabilities, and residents in difficulty;

(4) Mediating civil disputes, promoting family harmony, neighborhood harmony, and community tranquility;

(5) Assisting in maintaining social order, organizing residents to participate in joint prevention and control, assisting in handling letters and visits and coordinating and resolving conflicts and disputes, assisting in doing a good job in community correction and helping and educating released prisoners, and assisting in doing a good job in responding to emergencies;

(6) Supporting and guiding social organizations, social workers, volunteers, and other social forces to participate in community governance and provide community services;

(7) Guiding and assisting in the establishment of owners' meetings and the election of owners' committees, assisting in guiding and supervising owners' meetings and owners' committees to perform their duties in accordance with the law, and assisting in mediating property disputes;

(8) Assisting the people's government or the sub-district office in doing other work related to the interests of residents;

(9) Reflecting residents' opinions and demands to the people's government or the sub-district office and making suggestions.

Residents' committees in multi-ethnic residential areas shall support and guide residents to enhance unity, mutual respect, and mutual assistance.

Article 11 Residents' committees and their members shall abide by the Constitution, laws, and regulations, abide by the policies of the Party and the state, abide by and organize the implementation of residents' autonomy charters and residents' covenants, implement the decisions and resolutions of residents' meetings and residents' representative meetings, be impartial in handling affairs, be honest and devoted to public service, enthusiastically serve residents, and accept residents' supervision.

Article 12 Residents' committees have the legal personality of grassroots mass autonomous organizations, and the director of the residents' committee is the legal representative. Residents' committees may engage in civil activities necessary for the performance of their functions, but shall not provide guarantees.

Article 13 Residents' committees shall establish a number of residents' groups. Residents' groups shall carry out activities under the organization of the residents' committee.

Residents' representatives shall be elected by residents' groups, generally one person for every 20 to 50 households, and may also be elected within an appropriate range according to actual needs. The head of the residents' group shall be elected by the residents' group from among the residents' representatives. The term of office of the head of the residents' group and the residents' representatives shall be the same as the term of office of the residents' committee, and they may be re-elected.

Residents' representatives shall be responsible to the residents' group to which they belong and accept residents' supervision.

Chapter III Election of Residents' Committees

Article 14 The director, deputy director, and members of the residents' committee shall be elected by all residents with the right to vote in the community or by representatives sent by each household; according to the opinions of the residents, they may also be elected by residents' representatives.

The term of office of each residents' committee is five years, and a new election shall be held in a timely manner upon expiration. Members of the residents' committee may be re-elected.

Article 15 The election of the residents' committee shall be presided over by the residents' election committee.

The residents' election committee shall be composed of a director, a deputy director, and members, and shall be elected by the residents' meeting or the residents' representative meeting.

If a member of the residents' election committee or his or her close relative is nominated as a candidate for member of the residents' committee, he or she shall withdraw from the residents' election committee.

If a member of the residents' election committee withdraws from the residents' election committee or is vacant for other reasons, he or she shall be replaced in order according to the original election results, or may be elected separately.

Article 16 Residents who have reached the age of 18 shall have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of their ethnicity, race, gender, occupation, family background, religious belief, education level, property status, or length of residence; however, those who have been deprived of political rights in accordance with the law shall be excluded.

Before the election of the residents' committee, the following persons who express their intention to participate in the election shall be registered:

(1) Residents who are registered in the community;

(2) Residents who are not registered in the community but reside in the community on a regular basis.

Community workers who are not registered in the community but have worked in the community for more than six months, if they apply to participate in the election, shall be confirmed and registered by the residents' election committee.

Article 17 The list of registered voters shall be announced 20 days before the election day; if the election method of sending representatives from each household or residents' representatives is adopted, the list of representatives of households or the new residents' representatives shall be announced at the same time.

If there is any objection to the list, it shall be submitted to the residents' election committee within five days from the date of announcement of the list, and the residents' election committee shall make a decision on the handling within three days from the date of receipt of the complaint and announce the handling result.

Article 18 Candidates for members of the residents' committee shall be jointly nominated and recommended by the community Party organization or more than 10 voters. When nominating and recommending candidates, they shall proceed from the interests of all residents and recommend those who support the leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), abide by the law, have good conduct, are fair and upright, are enthusiastic about public welfare, and have a certain level of education and working ability as candidates. Those who have been expelled from the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), have been subject to criminal punishment for crimes, engage in illegal activities using mafia forces, or organize or participate in illegal religious activities or cult activities shall not be candidates. The number of candidates shall be greater than the number of members to be elected. The residents' election committee shall organize candidates to meet with residents, and the candidates shall introduce their ideas for performing their duties and answer questions raised by residents.

Article 19 When electing the residents' committee, if the election method of all residents with the right to vote is adopted, the election shall be valid if more than half of the voters participate in the voting; if the election method of sending representatives from each household is adopted, the election shall be valid if more than half of the representatives of the households participate in the voting; if the election method of residents' representatives is adopted, the election shall be valid if more than two-thirds of the residents' representatives participate in the voting.

A candidate must obtain more than half of the votes of the people who participated in the voting to be elected. If the number of elected persons is less than the number of members to be elected, another election shall be held for the insufficient number. In the re-election, the person who did not win the first vote shall be the candidate with the most votes, and the candidate shall be elected with the most votes, but the number of votes obtained shall not be less than one-third of the total number of votes cast.

The election shall be conducted by means of secret ballot and open counting of votes, and the election results shall be announced on the spot. A secret ballot box shall be set up during the election.

Voters who are away from the community during the election may entrust other voters in the community to vote on their behalf in writing. Each voter shall not accept more than three entrustments. Candidates shall not accept entrusted votes. The residents' election committee shall announce the list of principals and agents. The method of entrusting votes shall not be implemented in the method of electing residents' representatives.

The specific election methods shall be stipulated by the standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

Article 20 More than one-tenth of the residents with the right to vote or the representatives of households, or more than one-third of the residents' representatives, may jointly propose a request to remove a member of the residents' committee and explain the reasons for the removal. The member of the residents' committee who is proposed to be removed has the right to submit a statement of defense.

The removal of a member of the residents' committee shall be organized and voted in accordance with the election method at the time of his or her election, and shall require a vote of more than half of the voters or representatives of households or more than two-thirds of the residents' representatives, and shall be approved by more than half of the voters.

Article 21 A member of the residents' committee may submit a resignation application to the residents' committee, and his or her position shall be terminated from the date of deliberation and approval by the residents' meeting or the residents' representative meeting.

Article 22 If a member of the residents' committee is elected by improper means such as violence, threats, fraud, bribery, forging ballots, or falsely reporting the number of election votes, the election shall be invalid.

Residents have the right to report to the standing committee of the people's congress of the city without districts or the municipal district, or to the sub-district office or the people's government of the city without districts or the municipal district and its relevant competent departments, for acts that obstruct residents from exercising their right to vote and stand for election and undermine the election of the residents' committee by improper means such as violence, threats, fraud, bribery, forging ballots, or falsely reporting the number of election votes. The sub-district office or the people's government of the city without districts or the municipal district shall be responsible for investigating and handling the matter in accordance with the law.

Article 23 If a member of the residents' committee loses his or her capacity for conduct or is sentenced to criminal punishment, his or her position shall be terminated automatically.

Article 24 If a member of the residents' committee is vacant, a supplementary election may be held through a residents' meeting or a residents' representative meeting.

The supplementary election procedure shall be handled with reference to the provisions of Articles 18 and 19 of this Law. The term of office of the members of the residents' committee elected in the supplementary election shall expire at the end of the term of office of the current residents' committee.

Article 25 The residents' committee shall complete the handover of work within 10 days from the date of the establishment of the new residents' committee. The handover of work shall be presided over by the residents' election committee and supervised by the sub-district office.

Chapter IV Residents' Meetings and Residents' Representative Meetings

Article 26 Residents' meetings shall be composed of residents over the age of 18 in the community.

Residents' meetings shall be convened by the residents' committee. A residents' meeting shall be convened if it is proposed by more than one-tenth of the residents over the age of 18, the representatives of households, or more than one-third of the residents' representatives. Residents shall be notified 10 days in advance of convening a residents' meeting; in case of special circumstances, residents may be notified temporarily.

Article 27 A residents' meeting shall be attended by more than half of all residents over the age of 18 in the community or the representatives of households. Decisions made by the residents' meeting shall be approved by more than half of the people present.

Article 28 Residents' representative meetings shall be composed of members of the residents' committee and residents' representatives. Residents' representatives shall account for more than four-fifths of the members of the residents' representative meeting.

Residents' representative meetings shall be convened by the residents' committee at least twice a year. A residents' representative meeting shall be convened if it is proposed by more than one-fifth of the residents' representatives. When convening a residents' representative meeting, other residents may attend the meeting and express their opinions.

Article 29 A residents' representative meeting may be convened only if more than two-thirds of the members are present. Decisions made by the residents' representative meeting shall be approved by more than half of the members present.

Article 30 Residents' meetings shall formulate or revise residents' autonomy charters and residents' covenants; review the annual work report of the residents' committee and evaluate the work of the members of the residents' committee; and discuss and decide on other important matters involving the interests of all residents.

Residents' meetings may authorize residents' representative meetings to discuss and decide on the above matters.

Residents' meetings have the right to revoke or change inappropriate decisions of residents' representative meetings and residents' committees. Residents' representative meetings have the right to revoke or change inappropriate decisions of residents' committees.

Important matters that need to be decided by the residents' meeting or the residents' representative meeting shall first be studied and discussed by the community Party organization.

Article 31 Residents' autonomy charters and residents' covenants shall be filed with the people's government of the city without districts or the municipal district or the sub-district office.

Residents' autonomy charters, residents' covenants, and decisions of residents' meetings or residents' representative meetings shall not conflict with the Constitution, laws, and regulations, shall not violate public order and good customs, and shall not contain content that infringes upon residents' personal rights, democratic rights, and property rights.

If residents' autonomy charters, residents' covenants, and decisions of residents' meetings or residents' representative meetings violate the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the people's government of the city without districts or the municipal district or the sub-district office shall order them to be corrected.

Article 32 Residents' committees shall organize residents and other interested parties to conduct consultations on public affairs and public welfare undertakings involving the vital interests of residents, as well as practical difficulties and conflicts and disputes reflected by residents.

Consultations may take various forms such as deliberation meetings, hearings, and symposiums, and relevant departments of the people's government, sub-district offices, mass organizations, social organizations, representatives of the people's congress, members of the political consultative conference, and relevant professionals may be invited to participate as needed.

For matters determined through consultation, the residents' committee shall organize the implementation or supervise the implementation in a timely manner; if it is necessary to submit it to the residents' meeting or the residents' representative meeting, the meeting shall be convened for discussion and decision.

Chapter V Democratic Management and Democratic Supervision
Article 33 The residents' committee shall implement a democratic decision-making mechanism of the minority subordinating to the majority and the principle of open and transparent work, and establish and improve various work systems.

Article 34 The residents' committee shall implement a system of open community affairs.

The residents' committee shall promptly publicize the following matters and accept supervision from residents:

(1) Matters discussed and decided by the residents' meeting or the residents' representative meeting and their implementation;

(2) The management and use of funds and materials allocated by the government and received from social donations;

(3) The management and use of facilities owned and used by the residents' committee;

(4) The implementation of community service projects;

(5) Matters determined through consultation organized by the residents' committee and their implementation;

(6) The residents' committee's assistance to the government in carrying out its work;

(7) Other matters involving the interests of residents in the community and of general concern to residents.

The residents' committee shall establish a column for publicizing community affairs and may use modern information technology to publicize community affairs. The period of publication shall not be less than fifteen days. The residents' committee shall ensure the authenticity of the publicized matters and accept inquiries from residents.

Article 35 If the residents' committee fails to publicize matters that should be publicized in a timely manner or the publicized matters are not authentic, residents have the right to report to the people's government of the city without districts, the municipal district, and their relevant competent departments, or the sub-district office (街道办事处). The people's government of the city without districts, the municipal district, and their relevant competent departments, or the sub-district office shall be responsible for investigating and verifying the facts and ordering the publication in accordance with the law. If any illegal acts are verified, the relevant personnel shall bear legal responsibility in accordance with the law.

Article 36 The community shall establish a community affairs supervision committee to supervise the work of the residents' committee. Its members shall be elected by the residents' meeting or the residents' representative meeting from among residents or community workers. Members of the residents' committee and their close relatives shall not serve as members of the community affairs supervision committee. The term of office of the community affairs supervision committee shall be the same as the term of office of the residents' committee.

The community affairs supervision committee shall be responsible to the residents' meeting and the residents' representative meeting. Its members may attend meetings of the residents' committee and the residents' representative meeting and participate in various consultation activities.

If the community affairs supervision committee discovers any violations of discipline or law, such as infringing upon the interests of the masses, in the process of performing its duties, it shall report to the sub-district office or the people's government of the city without districts, the municipal district, and the supervisory authority.

Article 37 Members of the residents' committee shall accept democratic appraisal by the residents' meeting or the residents' representative meeting on their performance of their duties. The democratic appraisal shall be conducted at least once a year, presided over by the community affairs supervision committee, and the results of the democratic appraisal shall be promptly publicized to the residents.

If a member of the residents' committee is evaluated as incompetent in two consecutive appraisals, their position shall be terminated.

Article 38 The director of the residents' committee shall be subject to economic responsibility audits during their term of office and upon leaving office. The audit shall include the following matters:

(1) The financial revenue and expenditure of the residents' committee;

(2) The management and use of funds and materials allocated by the government and received from social donations;

(3) The use of raised funds;

(4) Other matters for which an audit is requested by more than one-third of the residents' representatives or more than one-tenth of the residents in the community.

The economic responsibility audit of the director of the residents' committee during their term of office and upon leaving office shall be guided by the financial and auditing departments of the people's government of the city without districts or the municipal district, organized by the sub-district office, and the audit results shall be publicized. The audit results of the economic responsibility upon leaving office shall be publicized before the election of the next residents' committee.

Article 39 The residents' committee and the community affairs supervision committee shall establish community affairs archives. The community affairs archives shall be authentic, accurate, complete, and standardized.

Article 40 If a decision made by the residents' committee or a member of the residents' committee infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of residents, the infringed residents may apply to the people's court for revocation, and the responsible person shall bear legal responsibility in accordance with the law.

If the residents' committee fails to perform its statutory duties in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, the people's government of the city without districts or the municipal district or the sub-district office shall order it to make corrections.

Chapter VI Guarantees for the Work of the Residents' Committee

Article 41 The daily operating expenses of the residents' committee, the remuneration of its members, and their standards shall be prescribed and allocated by the people's government of the city without districts, the municipal district, or the people's government at a higher level.

Article 42 The residents' committee may apply to the sub-district office and the people's government of the city without districts or the municipal district for financial support for carrying out public welfare activities or community service projects in the community. It may also raise funds from residents or benefiting units stationed in the community according to the principle of voluntariness, and may also cooperate with charitable organizations with public fundraising qualifications to raise funds in accordance with the law. The accounts of income and expenditure shall be publicized in a timely manner and subject to supervision by residents.

Article 43 If the people's government of the city without districts or the municipal district or the sub-district office needs the residents' committee to assist in carrying out its work, it shall provide the necessary funds and conditions.

Local people's governments at all levels shall establish and improve a long-term mechanism to rectify formalism and reduce burdens at the grassroots level. Matters entrusted by relevant departments to the residents' committee to assist in carrying out its work shall comply with the provisions of laws and regulations, and the required expenses shall be borne by the entrusting department.

Article 44 The construction of comprehensive community service facilities shall be included in relevant plans and shall be solved in a coordinated manner by the local people's governments at or above the county level.

Local people's governments at or above the county level shall conduct overall planning and implementation of community informatization construction, and encourage and support residents' committees to use modern information technology to serve residents.

Article 45 The people's government of the city without districts or the municipal district or the sub-district office shall provide training for members of the residents' committee and other community workers to help them improve their political quality, awareness of the rule of law, policy level, and service capabilities.

Article 46 Organs, organizations, troops, enterprises, and institutions stationed in the community shall not participate in the residents' committee of the community, but shall support the work of the residents' committee. When the residents' committee organizes discussions on issues related to units stationed in the community and needs the units stationed in the community to attend the meeting, the units stationed in the community shall send representatives to attend. Units stationed in the community shall accept guidance from the residents' committee in participating in community governance and providing community services, abide by the residents' convention, and promote joint construction, joint governance, and shared benefits in the community.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Article 47 The relevant provisions of this Law shall apply to the establishment of residents' committees in counties, autonomous counties, townships, ethnic townships, towns, development zones, independent industrial and mining areas, forest areas, and reclamation areas.

Article 48 People's congresses at all levels and standing committees of people's congresses at or above the county level shall ensure the implementation of this Law within their respective administrative regions and protect the right of residents to exercise autonomy in accordance with the law.

Article 49 The standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate implementation measures in accordance with this Law and in light of the actual conditions of their respective administrative regions.

Article 50 This Law shall come into force on January 1, 2026.

(Xinhua News Agency)

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Firmly Grasp the Initiative in Development by Moving Towards the New and the Superior

By: 新华社记者 魏玉坤 周 圆 张晓洁

Observing a major country's economy requires looking not only at quantity but also at quality.

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) profoundly pointed out that high-quality development should continuously improve labor efficiency, capital efficiency, land efficiency, resource efficiency, and environmental efficiency, continuously enhance the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress, and continuously improve total factor productivity.

Total factor productivity is the overall efficiency of converting factor inputs into outputs, determining the degree of intrinsic economic development and the level of potential growth rate, and reflecting the structure and quality of economic development.

The latest research shows that the improvement of scientific and technological innovation has strongly supported the growth of China's total factor productivity, with an average annual growth rate of 2.2% from 2013 to 2023, ranking third among 120 economies in the world. Behind this is the optimization of China's economic structure and the continuous enhancement of innovation momentum, making high-quality development more confident and resilient.

In the first year of the "15th Five-Year Plan," adhering to innovation-driven development and comprehensively deepening reform will lay a solid foundation for the Chinese economy to cope with changes and open up new prospects.

Adhere to Innovation-Driven Development and Fully Release Factor Efficiency

In the intelligent workshop of Rizhao Yulan New Materials Co., Ltd. (日照市昱岚新材料有限公司), a 3mm thick steel coil is "swallowed" from one end of the production line and "spit" out from the other end in 5 minutes, transforming into a thin steel plate less than 0.1mm thick. The industry miracle of "steel thinner than paper" is vividly staged here.

A piece of "steel" can "shoulder the heavy responsibility." In Rizhao (日照), Shandong (山东), a steel industry chain with an output value of 200 billion yuan is accelerating its climb to the high end of the global value chain, and technology, the "key variable," has become the "largest increment" in the high-quality development of the local steel industry.

Economic growth requires both the accumulation of production factors and the continuous improvement of total factor productivity. The key to improving total factor productivity lies in promoting the concentration of various advanced factors towards the development of new quality productive forces.

In February this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized during his inspection in Beijing (北京) the need to coordinate the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, strengthen the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and vigorously develop new quality productive forces.

From increasing the proportion of investment in basic research to increasing the amount of re-lending for scientific and technological innovation and technological transformation, from deeply implementing the industrial base re-engineering project to comprehensively implementing the "Artificial Intelligence +" action, China adheres to both scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, fully stimulates the vitality of technological factors, and promotes the steady improvement of total factor productivity.

On the morning of February 25, on Bantian Street (坂田街), Longgang (龙岗), Shenzhen (深圳), a Neolix unmanned delivery vehicle completed logistics distribution according to newly opened routes. The change in driving trajectory, from "no way to go" to "full-area opening," reflects Shenzhen's determination to actively open up scenarios and embrace innovation.

Shenzhen (深圳) insists on using the entire city as a testing ground for new technologies. In Futian (福田), humanoid robots are exploring participation in subway security checks; in Nanshan (南山), robots follow police officers on street patrols; in Bao'an (宝安), robots provide "non-closing" night-time government services.

Leveraging China's advantages of a super-large-scale market and rich application scenarios, accelerating the cultivation and opening up of scenarios, and promoting the transformation of innovative achievements, more new technologies, new products, and new business formats are accelerating from "laboratories" to production and life.

Establishing national university regional technology transfer and transformation centers, forming high-level innovation platforms, and optimizing the systematic layout of manufacturing pilot platforms... A series of deployments promote the seamless connection of the innovation chain and the industrial chain, allowing innovation to better empower industries, industries to better stimulate innovation, and promote economic growth to be of higher quality and have more stamina.

The industrial "foundation" is becoming more solid. Grain output has remained stable at over 1.4 trillion jin for two consecutive years, the added value of manufacturing has remained the world's largest for 16 consecutive years, the contribution rate of industrial added value to economic growth has risen to 35%, and the proportion of service industry added value in gross domestic product (GDP) has increased to 57.7%.

New momentum is accumulating. The added value of high-tech manufacturing above designated size accounts for more than 17% of the added value of industry above designated size, the added value of the digital economy is expected to reach 49 trillion yuan, the proportion of new energy vehicles in domestic new car sales exceeds 50%, and the integrated application of the industrial Internet comprehensively covers 41 major industrial categories.

In 2025, China (中国) ranked among the top ten in the global innovation index, remaining firmly at the top of the 36 upper-middle-income economies. United Nations Under-Secretary-General Guy Ryder described China's scientific and technological innovation as "entering a period of innovation explosion."

Do a Good Job in the "Grand Article" of Reform and Promote the Optimal Allocation of Factors

Scoring based on indicators such as tax revenue per mu and revenue per mu, increasing financial subsidies for "top students," and improving the efficiency of land resource utilization. In Quanjiao (全椒), Anhui (安徽), the continuously deepening reform of benefits per mu promotes the allocation of resources from "emphasizing quantity" to "emphasizing quality."

"Deepening the reform of benefits per mu allows more inefficient enterprises to 'lose weight' and high-quality enterprises to 'strengthen their muscles and bones,' activating the 'pool of spring water' for the high-quality development of the industrial economy. In 2025, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in the county reached a new high of 8.66 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.2%," said Chi Yuegui (池月贵), Director of the Bureau of Industry and Information Technology of Quanjiao County (全椒县工业和信息化局局长).

Market allocation of resources is the most efficient form. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) profoundly pointed out that it is necessary to deepen the market-oriented allocation reform of factors and actively eliminate local protection, market segmentation, and "involution" competition.

"Deepening the market-oriented allocation reform of factors, the core lies in handling the relationship between the government and the market," said Zhang Linshan (张林山), a researcher at the Macroeconomic Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委宏观经济研究院研究员). Improving the institutional rules of the factor market and giving full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation is a key move to improve total factor productivity.

Focusing on deepening the market-oriented allocation reform of factors, various regions are exploring and innovating in accordance with their own resource endowments, promoting the efficient flow and precise connection of various factors across regions and fields, making economic and social development more "blood-rich and energetic."

In Shanxi (山西), the mechanism by which the market mainly determines factor prices is constantly improving, and the vitality of the factor market is continuously released.

Walking into the Shanxi Electric Power Trading Hall (山西电力交易大厅), the reporter saw real-time data on the screen showing the power output of thermal power, wind power generation, and photovoltaic power generation.

"The Shanxi (山西) electricity spot market incorporates all electricity into the competition mechanism, giving play to the 'baton' role of prices, and arranges for new energy enterprises to clear first, promoting the rational utilization of resources," said the relevant person in charge of the Shanxi Provincial Energy Bureau (山西省能源局).

The market trading platform effectively reduces the institutional costs of factor transactions and opens up the "blood vessels" of factor flow. In 2025, the trading volume of electricity in the national electricity market increased by 7.4% year-on-year, the transaction amount of technology contracts increased by 19.1%, and the transaction volume of carbon emission quotas in the carbon emission trading market increased by about 24%, injecting new impetus into economic growth.

In Hebei (河北), a unified factor market is accelerating its formation, and the efficiency of factor resource allocation is steadily improving.

Scanning an ID card, querying insurance information, and printing insurance certificates... At the Yanjiao Center (燕郊中心) of the Sanhe (三河) Municipal Government Service in Hebei (河北), Mr. Wang (王先生) used less than 1 minute to print a Beijing (北京) insurance certificate on a self-service terminal.

"Through remote interaction, off-site receipt of documents, and other methods, the center can handle 3,301 government service items in Beijing (北京), 698 in Tianjin (天津), and 2,413 in Hebei (河北), attracting many foreign talents and enterprises to settle in Sanhe (三河), which strongly supports the local high-quality development," said Shi Song (石松), the head of the center.

China (中国) has approximately 150 million inter-provincial migrants each year. By fully abolishing household registration restrictions for insurance participation in the place of employment and promoting the off-site withdrawal and use of housing provident funds, China's labor force and talent can flow smoothly, and the ability to gather is significantly enhanced.

Further removing institutional and mechanism barriers that hinder the free flow and efficient allocation of factors, reform measures are accelerating their implementation: carrying out three pilot reforms of empowering ownership of job-related scientific and technological achievements, separate management of job-related scientific and technological achievement assets, and evaluation of scientific and technological achievements to stimulate the enthusiasm of scientific researchers in transforming achievements; promoting the entry of medium- and long-term funds into the market and establishing an assessment system suitable for long-term investment; iterating and releasing five versions of the market access negative list to ensure that all types of business entities use production factors equally in accordance with the law...

In 2025, the proportion of inter-provincial trade sales in total sales rose to 41%, and the proportion of inter-provincial and inter-regional electricity transactions in the national electricity market trading volume rose to 24%. The ratio of total social logistics costs to GDP fell to 13.9%, the best level since statistics began. These "two rises and one fall" reflect the greater optimization of factor allocation and the continuous reduction of market transaction costs.

Connecting the two major domestic and international markets is conducive to the smooth flow of resource factors on a larger scale, forming a strong attraction field for advanced global resource factors.

Growth of 6.1%! In 2025, China's (中国) exports withstood headwinds and maintained a growth trend. Among them, exports of high-tech products and "new three" products increased by 13.2% and 27.1% year-on-year, respectively, and exports of independent brand products increased by 12.9%. The "code" for stabilizing quantity and improving quality stems from China's (中国) promotion of high-level opening up.

"Clearing" restrictions on foreign investment access in manufacturing, and orderly promotion of opening-up pilots in the service sector; data exchanges in Shanghai (上海), Shenzhen (深圳), and other places introduce cross-border data merchants from overseas markets; the national carbon emission trading market expands the scope of industry coverage... Adhering to high-quality "bringing in" and high-level "going out," China (中国) is constantly improving its global resource allocation capabilities and shaping new advantages in international competition and cooperation.

The improvement of total factor productivity is not only a manifestation of technological innovation but also a release of institutional dividends. Deepening reform and opening up, empowering the improvement of total factor productivity from both internal system optimization and external resource introduction, and smoothing the national economic cycle.

Improve Total Factor Productivity and Release New Potential for Economic Growth

On January 13, the Guangzhou (广州) Urban Trusted Data Space fully opened Internet access to the public, aiming to break down technical barriers, lower the threshold for data access, and allow all types of entities to equally share the development dividends of data factors.

Since the beginning of this year, focusing on key areas and key links in the construction of the factor market, the nine cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区) and Chongqing (重庆) and other 10 pilot areas for comprehensive reform of market-oriented allocation of factors have taken the initiative to break down institutional and mechanism barriers and fully release the vitality of the factor market.

During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, China's (中国) development environment faces profound and complex changes: looking inward, the degree of population aging is deepening, hard constraints such as resources and the environment are increasing, and the traditional driving force of economic growth is gradually weakening; looking outward, economic globalization is encountering headwinds, and the world economy is growing weakly.

"The steady improvement of total factor productivity is the core support for activating the potential and vitality of China's (中国) economic growth," said Xu Zhaoyuan (许召元), Deputy Director of the Department of Industrial Economics of the Development Research Center of the State Council (国务院发展研究中心产业经济研究部副部长). Relevant research estimates show that by 2035, when China (中国) basically realizes socialist modernization, it is necessary to maintain the average annual growth rate of total factor productivity at around 2%.

After years of development and accumulation, China (中国) has many favorable conditions and foundations for improving total factor productivity:

Looking at human resource factors, the population aged 16 to 59 is 851.36 million, possessing the world's largest and most complete talent resources, promoting the orderly flow of labor and talent, and will gather the talent development synergy to support high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology.

Looking at technological factors, the number of global top 100 science and technology innovation clusters has ranked first in the world for three consecutive years, and major scientific research achievements in cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence are emerging, promoting the efficient allocation of technological factors, which will strongly support the development of new quality productive forces and build new advantages for future development.

Looking at resource and environmental factors, the world's largest carbon emission trading market and the world's largest renewable energy system have been built, smoothing the flow of resource and environmental factors, which will continuously enhance the momentum of green development and lay a solid green foundation for high-quality development.

The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal lists "steady improvement of total factor productivity" as one of the main goals of economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period and makes a series of important deployments on "accelerating the improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of factors."

Since the beginning of this year, policies have continued to increase and form synergy, further promoting the smooth flow and efficient allocation of factors:

The "Action Plan for the Integrated Empowerment of Industrial Internet and Artificial Intelligence" and the "Implementation Opinions on the 'Artificial Intelligence + Manufacturing' Special Action" have been released to promote the deep integration of digital technology and the real economy across the entire chain; the "Notice on Promoting the Interconnection and Mutual Recognition of Vocational Skill Certificates" has been issued to break down barriers to the flow of skilled personnel and promote the rational flow and effective allocation of skilled personnel resources...

From creating an over-the-counter market for the integration of spot and futures for bulk commodities and steadily promoting the pilot program for qualified foreign limited partners, to optimizing market access for new fields and new business formats such as the low-altitude economy and deepening factor guarantees in the service sector, Zhejiang (浙江), Shaanxi (陕西), Beijing (北京), and other places are planning new strategies and taking practical measures to innovate factor allocation methods and better stimulate market vitality.

The relevant person in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委) stated that it will conscientiously organize and implement the pilot work of comprehensive reform of market-oriented allocation of factors, focusing on key areas and key links such as the market-oriented formation of factor prices and smooth flow of factor circulation channels, promote reform with classified policies, and carry out differentiated reform explorations around the goals of improving factor allocation efficiency and cultivating and developing new quality productive forces, and accelerate the formation of replicable and scalable paths and models nationwide.

Recently, international institutions such as Standard Chartered Bank in the United Kingdom have raised their 2026 GDP growth expectations for China (中国), one of the main reasons being that they believe China's (中国) total factor productivity will continue to improve.

Simultaneously establishing and dismantling, promoting synergistically, steadily improving total factor productivity, expanding the space for economic growth, and releasing the momentum for economic growth, the giant ship of China (中国) will surely continue to win the initiative, win advantages, and win the future in "climbing to higher levels" and "leaping to new heights."

(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), February 26)

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Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Public Security Administration Punishments

Presidential Decree of the People's Republic of China
No. 49
The "Law of the People's Republic of China on Penalties for Administration of Public Security" was revised and adopted at the 16th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on June 27, 2025, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force on January 1, 2026.
President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping (习近平)
June 27, 2025

Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Types and Application of Penalties
Chapter III Acts in Violation of Public Security Administration and Penalties
Section 1 Acts Disrupting Public Order and Penalties
Section 2 Acts Endangering Public Safety and Penalties
Section 3 Acts Infringing Upon Personal Rights and Property Rights and Penalties
Section 4 Acts Obstructing Social Management and Penalties
Chapter IV Penalty Procedures
Section 1 Investigation
Section 2 Decision
Section 3 Execution
Chapter V Law Enforcement Supervision
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution to maintain social order, safeguard public safety, protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and regulate and ensure that public security organs and their people's police perform their duties of public security administration in accordance with the law.
Article 2 Public security administration work shall adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) and adhere to comprehensive management.
People's governments at all levels shall strengthen comprehensive management of public security, take effective measures to prevent and resolve social conflicts and disputes, enhance social harmony, and maintain social stability.
Article 3 Anyone who disrupts public order, endangers public safety, infringes upon personal rights or property rights, or obstructs social management, and whose acts are socially harmful and constitute a crime in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国刑法), shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the law; if the acts are not serious enough for criminal punishment, the public security organs shall impose penalties for administration of public security in accordance with this Law.
Article 4 The procedures for penalties for administration of public security shall be governed by the provisions of this Law; where this Law does not provide for, the relevant provisions of the Administrative Penalty Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国行政处罚法) and the Administrative Coercion Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国行政强制法) shall apply.
Article 5 This Law shall apply to acts in violation of public security administration that occur within the territory of the People's Republic of China, unless otherwise provided by law.
This Law shall apply to acts in violation of public security administration that occur on ships and aircraft of the People's Republic of China, unless otherwise provided by law.
This Law shall apply to acts in violation of public security administration that occur on foreign ships and aircraft, where the People's Republic of China exercises jurisdiction in accordance with international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China.
Article 6 Penalties for administration of public security must be based on facts and commensurate with the facts, nature, circumstances and degree of social harm of the acts in violation of public security administration.
The implementation of penalties for administration of public security shall be open, fair, respect and protect human rights, and protect the personal dignity of citizens.
In handling public security cases, the principle of combining education and punishment shall be adhered to, the law shall be fully explained, and citizens, legal persons or other organizations shall be educated to consciously abide by the law.
Article 7 The public security department of the State Council (国务院) shall be responsible for public security administration work throughout the country. The public security organs of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for public security administration work within their respective administrative regions.
The jurisdiction over public security cases shall be prescribed by the public security department of the State Council (国务院).
Article 8 If an act in violation of public security administration causes damage to others, the actor or his guardian shall also bear civil liability in accordance with the law, in addition to being given a penalty for administration of public security in accordance with this Law.
If an act in violation of public security administration constitutes a crime, and criminal responsibility should be investigated in accordance with the law, penalties for administration of public security shall not be substituted for criminal punishment.
Article 9 For acts in violation of public security administration such as fighting or damaging other people's property caused by civil disputes, the public security organs may mediate the matter if the circumstances are minor.
The mediation of public security cases shall ascertain the facts and follow the principles of legality, fairness, voluntariness and timeliness, focusing on education and guidance to promote the resolution of conflicts and disputes.
If the parties reach an agreement through mediation by the public security organ, no penalty shall be imposed. If no agreement is reached through mediation or if the agreement is not performed after it is reached, the public security organ shall handle the act in violation of public security administration in accordance with the provisions of this Law, and inform the parties that they may file a civil lawsuit with the people's court in accordance with the law regarding civil disputes.
For public security cases falling within the scope of mediation as stipulated in the first paragraph, if the parties reach a settlement on their own or reach an agreement through mediation by the people's mediation committee and perform the agreement, and submit a written application approved by the public security organ, no penalty shall be imposed.
Chapter II Types and Application of Penalties
Article 10 The types of penalties for administration of public security are divided into:
(1) Warning;
(2) Fine;
(3) Administrative detention;
(4) Revocation of permits issued by public security organs.
Foreigners who violate public security administration may be subject to an additional penalty of being ordered to leave the country within a time limit or deportation.
Article 11 Narcotics, obscene articles and other prohibited articles, gambling tools and funds, utensils for smoking or injecting drugs, and tools owned by the person that are directly used to commit acts in violation of public security administration that are seized in the handling of public security cases shall be confiscated and handled in accordance with regulations.
Property obtained in violation of public security administration shall be recovered and returned to the victims; if there are no victims, the property shall be registered, publicly auctioned or handled in accordance with relevant state regulations, and the proceeds shall be turned over to the state treasury.
Article 12 A person who has reached the age of 14 but not 18 who violates public security administration shall be given a lighter or mitigated penalty; a person who has not reached the age of 14 who violates public security administration shall not be given a penalty, but his guardian shall be ordered to strictly discipline him.
Article 13 A mentally ill person or a person with intellectual disabilities who violates public security administration at a time when he is unable to recognize or control his own conduct shall not be given a penalty, but his guardian shall be ordered to strengthen supervision, management and treatment. A person with intermittent mental illness who violates public security administration when he is mentally normal shall be given a penalty. A mentally ill person or a person with intellectual disabilities who has not completely lost the ability to recognize or control his own conduct who violates public security administration shall be given a penalty, but may be given a lighter or mitigated penalty.
Article 14 A blind person or a deaf-mute person who violates public security administration may be given a lighter, mitigated or no penalty.
Article 15 A drunken person who violates public security administration shall be given a penalty.
If a drunken person is in a state of drunkenness and poses a danger to himself or a threat to the person, property or public safety of others, protective measures shall be taken to restrain him until he is sober.
Article 16 If there are two or more acts in violation of public security administration, decisions shall be made separately and the penalties shall be enforced concurrently. If administrative detention penalties are enforced concurrently, the maximum period shall not exceed 20 days.
Article 17 If there is a joint violation of public security administration, penalties shall be imposed separately according to the role played by the actor in the act in violation of public security administration.
Anyone who instigates, coerces or deceives others into violating public security administration shall be penalized for the act of instigating, coercing or deceiving.
Article 18 If a unit violates public security administration, the persons in charge who are directly responsible and other persons who are directly responsible shall be penalized in accordance with the provisions of this Law. If other laws or administrative regulations provide for penalties for the same act by a unit, the provisions thereof shall apply.
Article 19 An act of restraint taken to avoid ongoing unlawful infringement that causes damage shall not be deemed an act in violation of public security administration and shall not be subject to penalty; if the act of restraint clearly exceeds the necessary limit and causes greater damage, a penalty shall be imposed in accordance with the law, but the penalty shall be mitigated; if the circumstances are minor, no penalty shall be imposed.
Article 20 In any of the following circumstances of a violation of public security administration, a lighter, mitigated or no penalty shall be imposed:
(1) The circumstances are minor;
(2) The illegal consequences are actively eliminated or mitigated;
(3) The victim's understanding is obtained;
(4) The act is committed under the coercion or deception of others;
(5) The actor voluntarily surrenders to the public security organ and truthfully states his illegal acts;
(6) There is meritorious service.
Article 21 If a person who violates public security administration voluntarily and truthfully states his illegal acts to the public security organ, admits the illegal facts, and is willing to accept punishment, he may be given lenient treatment in accordance with the law.
Article 22 In any of the following circumstances of a violation of public security administration, a heavier penalty shall be imposed:
(1) There are more serious consequences;
(2) Instigating, coercing or deceiving others into violating public security administration;
(3) Retaliating against informants, accusers, whistleblowers or witnesses;
(4) Having been subject to a penalty for administration of public security within one year.
Article 23 If a person who violates public security administration is in any of the following circumstances, and should be given an administrative detention penalty in accordance with this Law, the administrative detention penalty shall not be enforced:
(1) Being at least 14 years old but not yet 16 years old;
(2) Being at least 16 years old but not yet 18 years old and violating public security administration for the first time;
(3) Being 70 years old or older;
(4) Being pregnant or breastfeeding her own infant under the age of one year.
The actors stipulated in items (1), (2) and (3) of the preceding paragraph who violate public security administration with serious circumstances and adverse effects, or the actors stipulated in items (1) and (3) who violate public security administration more than twice within one year, shall not be subject to the restrictions of the preceding paragraph.
Article 24 For minors who are not given a penalty in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 of this Law or who are not subject to administrative detention penalties in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of this Law, the public security organs shall take corresponding corrective education and other measures in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法).
Article 25 No penalty shall be imposed if an act in violation of public security administration is not discovered by the public security organ within six months.
The time limit stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall be calculated from the date on which the act in violation of public security administration occurred; if the act in violation of public security administration is in a continuous or continuing state, it shall be calculated from the date on which the act ends.
Chapter III Acts in Violation of Public Security Administration and Penalties
Section 1 Acts Disrupting Public Order and Penalties
Article 26 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(1) Disrupting the order of state organs, organizations, enterprises, institutions, causing work, production, business, medical treatment, teaching or scientific research to be unable to proceed normally, and not yet causing serious losses;
(2) Disrupting the order of stations, ports, wharves, airports, shopping malls, parks, exhibition halls or other public places;
(3) Disrupting the order on buses, streetcars, urban rail transit vehicles, trains, ships, aircraft or other public transportation vehicles;
(4) Illegally intercepting or forcibly boarding or clinging to motor vehicles, ships, aircraft and other means of transportation, affecting the normal operation of the means of transportation;
(5) Undermining the order of elections conducted in accordance with the law.
Anyone who assembles a crowd to commit the acts stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan.
Article 27 In national examinations stipulated by laws and administrative regulations, anyone who commits any of the following acts to disrupt the order of the examination shall be fined not less than one time but not more than five times the illegal income; if there is no illegal income or the illegal income is less than 1,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 3,000 yuan shall be imposed; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 15 days:
(1) Organizing cheating;
(2) Providing cheating equipment or other assistance for others to organize cheating;
(3) Illegally selling or providing examination questions and answers to others for the purpose of implementing examination cheating;
(4) Taking an examination on behalf of others or having others take an examination on his behalf.
Article 28 Anyone who commits any of the following acts to disrupt the order of sports, cultural and other large-scale mass activities shall be given a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(1) Forcibly entering the venue;
(2) Violating regulations by setting off fireworks, firecrackers or other items in the venue;
(3) Displaying insulting slogans, banners and other items;
(4) Besieging referees, athletes or other staff;
(5) Throwing debris into the venue and refusing to desist;
(6) Other acts disrupting the order of large-scale mass activities.
Anyone who is punished with detention for disrupting the order of sports competitions or artistic performances may also be ordered not to enter sports venues or performance venues to watch similar competitions or performances for six months to one year; anyone who violates regulations by entering sports venues or performance venues shall be forcibly taken away from the scene and may be detained for not more than 5 days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan.
Article 29 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, he shall be detained for not more than 5 days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(1) Intentionally spreading rumors, falsely reporting dangerous situations, epidemics, disasters or police situations, or intentionally disrupting public order by other means;
(2) Throwing false explosive, toxic, radioactive, corrosive substances or infectious disease pathogens and other dangerous substances to disrupt public order;
(3) Threatening to commit crimes endangering public safety such as arson, explosion, or throwing dangerous substances to disrupt public order.
Article 30 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan:
(1) Engaging in gang fights or wantonly beating others;
(2) Chasing or intercepting others;
(3) Forcibly taking or arbitrarily damaging or occupying public or private property;
(4) Other acts of creating disturbances by wantonly harassing others or disrupting social order.
Article 31 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, he shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(1) Organizing, instigating, coercing, deceiving or inciting others to engage in cult activities, secret society activities, illegal religious activities, or using cult organizations, secret societies or superstitious activities to disrupt social order or harm the health of others;
(2) Using the name of religion or qigong to engage in activities that disrupt social order or harm the health of others;
(3) Producing or disseminating articles, information or materials that promote the content of cults or secret societies.
Article 32 Anyone who violates state regulations by committing any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days:
(1) Intentionally interfering with the normal operation of radio services;
(2) Causing harmful interference to normally operating radio stations (stations) and refusing to take effective measures to eliminate the interference after being pointed out by the relevant competent authorities;
(3) Setting up radio broadcasting stations, communication base stations and other radio stations (stations) without approval, or illegally using or occupying radio frequencies to engage in illegal activities.
Article 33 Anyone who commits any of the following acts and causes harm shall be detained for not more than 5 days; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 15 days:
(1) Violating state regulations by intruding into a computer information system or using other technical means to obtain data stored, processed or transmitted in a computer information system, or illegally controlling a computer information system;
(2) Violating state regulations by deleting, modifying, adding or interfering with the functions of a computer information system;
(3) Violating state regulations by deleting, modifying or adding data and applications stored, processed or transmitted in a computer information system;
(III) Deleting, modifying, or adding data and applications stored, processed, or transmitted in a computer information system in violation of state regulations;

(IV) Intentionally creating or disseminating destructive programs such as computer viruses;

(V) Providing programs or tools specifically used to intrude into or illegally control computer information systems, or knowingly providing programs or tools for others who commit illegal or criminal acts of intruding into or illegally controlling computer information systems.

Article 34: Anyone who organizes or leads pyramid schemes shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Anyone who coerces or deceives others into participating in pyramid schemes shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Article 35: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days, or fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days, and may also be fined no more than 5,000 yuan:

(I) Intentionally engaging in activities that contradict the theme and atmosphere of important national celebrations, commemorations, memorial services, or public sacrifices in the venues and surrounding controlled areas where such activities are held, refusing to listen to dissuasion, and causing adverse social impact;

(II) Engaging in activities that damage the environment and atmosphere of commemorating heroes and martyrs within the protection scope of hero and martyr memorial facilities, refusing to listen to dissuasion, or encroaching upon, damaging, or defacing hero and martyr memorial facilities;

(III) Infringing upon the names, portraits, reputations, or honors of heroes and martyrs through insults, defamation, or other means, and harming the public interest;

(IV) Profaning or denying the deeds and spirit of heroes and martyrs, or creating, disseminating, or spreading remarks, pictures, audio-visual materials, or other items that promote or glorify wars of aggression or acts of aggression, thereby disrupting public order;

(V) Wearing or displaying clothing or symbols that promote or glorify wars of aggression or acts of aggression in public places or forcing others to do so, refusing to listen to dissuasion, and causing adverse social impact.

Section 2: Acts Endangering Public Safety and Penalties

Article 36: Anyone who violates state regulations by manufacturing, trading, storing, transporting, mailing, carrying, using, providing, or disposing of dangerous substances such as explosive, toxic, radioactive, or corrosive materials, or infectious disease pathogens, shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 37: Anyone who fails to report the theft, robbery, or loss of dangerous substances such as explosive, toxic, radioactive, or corrosive materials, or infectious disease pathogens as required shall be detained for no more than 5 days; anyone who intentionally conceals the failure to report shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 38: Anyone who illegally carries firearms, ammunition, or controlled instruments such as crossbows or daggers as stipulated by the state shall be detained for no more than 5 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan.

Anyone who illegally carries firearms, ammunition, or controlled instruments such as crossbows or daggers as stipulated by the state into public places or public transportation vehicles shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 39: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days:

(I) Stealing or damaging oil and gas pipeline facilities, power and telecommunications facilities, radio and television facilities, water conservancy project facilities, public water supply facilities, highways and ancillary facilities, or public facilities such as hydrological monitoring, measurement, meteorological reporting, ecological environment monitoring, geological monitoring, or earthquake monitoring, thereby endangering public safety;

(II) Moving or damaging boundary markers, boundary piles, and other border signs, border facilities, or territorial and territorial sea baseline marker facilities of the national border;

(III) Illegally carrying out activities that affect the direction of the national (border) boundary line or constructing facilities that impede national (border) management.

Article 40: Anyone who steals, damages, or moves aviation facilities in use without authorization, or forcibly enters the cockpit of an aircraft, shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Anyone who uses instruments or tools that may affect the normal function of the navigation system on an aircraft in use and refuses to listen to dissuasion shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Anyone who steals, damages, or moves other public transportation facilities and equipment in use without authorization, or interferes with the normal operation of public transportation vehicles by seizing control of driving and operating devices, pulling, or beating drivers, shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 41: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(I) Stealing, damaging, or moving railway, urban rail transit facilities, equipment, locomotive vehicle parts, or safety signs without authorization;

(II) Placing obstacles on railway or urban rail transit lines, or intentionally throwing objects at trains;

(III) Excavating pits or quarrying and extracting sand at railway, urban rail transit lines, bridges, tunnels, or culverts;

(IV) Privately setting up crossings or level crossings on railway or urban rail transit lines.

Article 42: Anyone who enters railway or urban rail transit protection networks without authorization, or walks, sits, or lies on railway or urban rail transit lines when trains or urban rail transit trains are approaching, or rushes across railways or urban rails, affecting traffic safety, shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan.

Article 43: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(I) Installing or using power grids without approval, or installing or using power grids that do not comply with safety regulations;

(II) Failing to provide coverings, protective barriers, and warning signs for ditches, wells, and pits during construction in areas where vehicles and pedestrians pass, or intentionally damaging or moving coverings, protective barriers, and warning signs;

(III) Stealing or damaging public facilities such as road manhole covers and lighting;

(IV) Violating relevant laws and regulations by releasing airborne objects carrying open flames, posing a risk of fire accidents, and refusing to listen to dissuasion;

(V) Throwing objects from buildings or other heights, posing a danger to the personal safety, public and private property safety, or public safety of others.

Article 44: Anyone who holds large-scale mass activities such as sports or cultural events, violates relevant regulations, poses a risk of safety accidents, refuses to make corrections after being ordered to do so by the public security organs, or is unable to make corrections, shall be ordered to stop the activities and evacuate immediately; the directly responsible persons in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no less than 3,000 yuan but no more than 5,000 yuan, and may also be ordered not to hold large-scale mass activities for six months to one year.

Article 45: If hotels, restaurants, cinemas, theaters, entertainment venues, stadiums, gymnasiums, exhibition halls, or other places for public activities violate safety regulations, posing a risk of safety accidents in the venue, and refuse to make corrections after being ordered to do so by the public security organs, the directly responsible persons in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be detained for no more than 5 days; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 46: Anyone who violates relevant laws and regulations regarding the management of flight airspace by flying civil unmanned aerial vehicles or aviation sports equipment, or releasing unmanned free balloons or tethered balloons and other airborne objects, shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days if the circumstances are serious.

Anyone who flies or releases the objects stipulated in the preceding paragraph and illegally crosses the national (border) boundary shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Section 3: Acts Infringing Upon Personal Rights and Property Rights and Penalties

Article 47: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(I) Organizing, coercing, or deceiving persons under the age of 16 or disabled persons to perform terrorist or cruel performances;

(II) Compelling others to work through violence, threats, or other means;

(III) Illegally restricting the personal freedom of others, illegally entering the residences of others, or illegally searching the bodies of others.

Article 48: Anyone who organizes or coerces minors to engage in compensated escort activities such as providing alcoholic drinks or singing in business premises unsuitable for minors shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 49: Anyone who coerces, deceives, or uses others to beg shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 2,000 yuan.

Anyone who repeatedly harasses, forcibly begs, or begs in other ways that disturb others shall be detained for no more than 5 days or given a warning.

Article 50: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(I) Writing threatening letters or threatening the personal safety of others by other means;

(II) Publicly insulting others or fabricating facts to defame others;

(III) Fabricating facts to falsely accuse and frame others, attempting to subject them to criminal prosecution or administrative penalties for public security;

(IV) Threatening, insulting, beating, or retaliating against witnesses and their close relatives;

(V) Repeatedly sending obscene, insulting, or threatening information, or interfering with the normal lives of others by means of harassment, entanglement, or stalking;

(VI) Peeping, secretly filming, eavesdropping on, or disseminating the privacy of others.

Anyone who engages in harassment, entanglement, or stalking as stipulated in item (V) of the preceding paragraph shall, in addition to being punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, be ordered by the person in charge of the public security organ to refrain from contacting the victim for a certain period of time. Anyone who violates the prohibition on contact shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 51: Anyone who assaults others or intentionally injures the bodies of others shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no less than 500 yuan but no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 2,000 yuan:

(I) Assaulting or injuring others in gangs;

(II) Assaulting or injuring disabled persons, pregnant women, persons under the age of 14, or persons over the age of 70;

(III) Repeatedly assaulting or injuring others, or assaulting or injuring multiple people at once.

Article 52: Anyone who molests others shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days; anyone who molests mentally ill persons, intellectually disabled persons, persons under the age of 14, or has other serious circumstances shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Anyone who intentionally exposes the private parts of their body in public places shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are egregious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 53: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no more than 5 days or given a warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(I) Abusing family members, and the abused person or their guardian requests handling;

(II) Abusing persons under guardianship or care by persons who have guardianship or care responsibilities for minors, the elderly, the sick, or the disabled;

(III) Abandoning dependents who do not have the ability to live independently.

Article 54: Anyone who engages in forced buying and selling of goods, forces others to provide services, or forces others to accept services shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no less than 3,000 yuan but no more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 55: Anyone who incites ethnic hatred or ethnic discrimination, or publishes content of ethnic discrimination or insult in publications or information networks, shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 56: Anyone who sells or provides personal information to others in violation of relevant state regulations shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days.

Anyone who steals or illegally obtains personal information by other means shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 57: Anyone who falsely claims, conceals, destroys, resells, privately opens, or illegally inspects the mail or express delivery of others shall be given a warning or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 58: Anyone who steals, defrauds, loots, snatches, or extorts shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days or fined no more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 59: Anyone who intentionally damages public or private property shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 60: If student bullying is carried out through means such as beating, insulting, or intimidating, and violates public security administration, the public security organs shall impose public security administration penalties and take corresponding corrective education measures in accordance with this Law and the *Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency* (《中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法》).

If a school violates relevant laws and regulations by knowingly failing to report or handle serious student bullying or knowingly failing to report or handle other crimes that infringe upon minor students, it shall be ordered to make corrections, and the relevant departments shall be advised to impose sanctions on the directly responsible persons in charge and other directly responsible personnel in accordance with the law.

Section 4: Acts Disrupting Social Management and Penalties

Article 61: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(I) Refusing to implement decisions or orders legally issued by the people's government in emergency situations;

(II) Obstructing state organ personnel from performing their duties in accordance with the law;

(III) Obstructing the passage of fire trucks, ambulances, engineering rescue vehicles, or police cars performing emergency tasks, or special vessels performing the above-mentioned emergency tasks;

(IV) Forcibly breaking through cordons, restricted areas, or checkpoints set up by public security organs.

Anyone who obstructs the people's police from performing their duties in accordance with the law shall be given a heavier punishment.

Article 62: Anyone who impersonates state organ personnel to swindle and deceive shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Anyone who impersonates military or police personnel to swindle and deceive shall be given a heavier punishment.

Anyone who steals or misuses the identity or name of an individual or organization, or swindles and deceives under other false identities, shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 63: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan:

(I) Forging, altering, or trading official documents, certificates, certifying documents, or seals of state organs, people's organizations, enterprises, institutions, or other organizations;

(II) Renting or lending official documents, certificates, certifying documents, or seals of state organs, people's organizations, enterprises, institutions, or other organizations for others to use illegally;
(III) Buying, selling, or using forged or altered official documents, certificates, credentials, or seals of state organs, people's organizations, enterprises, public institutions, or other organizations;
(IV) Forging, altering, or reselling train tickets, boat tickets, airline tickets, performance tickets, sports event tickets, or other valuable tickets or vouchers;
(V) Forging or altering ship registration plates, buying, selling, or using forged or altered ship registration plates, or altering ship engine numbers.

Article 64: If a ship enters or moors in waters or islands prohibited or restricted by the state without authorization, the person in charge of the ship and relevant responsible personnel shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not more than five days and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan.

Article 65: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan:
(I) Violating state regulations, engaging in activities in the name of social organizations, foundations, social service agencies, etc., without registration, and continuing to engage in activities after being banned;
(II) Social organizations, foundations, social service agencies, etc., that have had their registration revoked or their registration certificates revoked according to law, continuing to engage in activities in the name of the original social organization;
(III) Operating an industry that requires a permit from the public security organ according to state regulations without permission.

Those who commit the act in item (III) of the preceding paragraph shall be banned. If the act is committed again within one year of being banned, they shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

If an operator who has obtained a permit from the public security organ violates relevant state management regulations and the circumstances are serious, the public security organ may revoke the permit.

Article 66: Inciting or planning illegal assemblies, parades, or demonstrations, and refusing to listen to dissuasion, shall be subject to detention for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days.

Article 67: If a person engaged in hotel business activities fails to register the names, types, and numbers of valid identity documents of the lodgers as required, or provides accommodation services to persons with unknown identities or who refuse to register their identity information, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined not less than 500 yuan and not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be given a warning or fined not more than 500 yuan.

If the preceding paragraph of conduct obstructs the conduct of counter-terrorism work and violates the provisions of the "Anti-Terrorism Law of the People's Republic of China" (《中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法》), it shall be punished in accordance with its provisions.

If a person engaged in hotel business activities commits any of the following acts, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not more than five days and may also be fined not less than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan:
(I) Knowing that a lodger has brought dangerous substances into the accommodation area in violation of regulations and failing to stop them;
(II) Knowing that a lodger is a criminal suspect or a person wanted by the public security organ and failing to report it to the public security organ;
(III) Knowing that a lodger is using the hotel to carry out criminal activities and failing to report it to the public security organ.

Article 68: If a landlord rents a house to a person with an unknown identity or who refuses to register their identity information, or fails to register the tenant's name, type, and number of valid identity documents as required, they shall be fined not less than 500 yuan and not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be given a warning or fined not more than 500 yuan.

If a landlord knows that a tenant is using the rented house to carry out criminal activities and fails to report it to the public security organ, they shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not more than five days and may also be fined not less than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 69: If operators of entertainment venues and seal engraving, motor vehicle repair, and scrapped motor vehicle recycling industries violate laws and regulations regarding the requirement to register information and fail to register information, they shall be given a warning; if they refuse to correct the situation or cause consequences, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 70: Illegally installing, using, or providing special equipment for eavesdropping or secret photography shall be subject to detention for not more than five days or a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and shall also be fined not less than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 71: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan:
(I) Pawnshop staff accepting pawned items without checking relevant certificates or completing registration procedures, or violating state regulations by failing to report to the public security organ when they know that a person is a criminal suspect or that the items are stolen goods;
(II) Violating state regulations by purchasing scrapped special equipment for railways, oil fields, power supply, telecommunications, mines, water conservancy, surveying, and urban public facilities;
(III) Purchasing stolen goods or items suspected of being stolen goods that have been reported by the public security organ;
(IV) Purchasing other items that the state prohibits from being purchased.

Article 72: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be given a warning or fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(I) Hiding, transferring, selling, using without authorization, or damaging property that has been legally seized, sealed, frozen, detained, or registered for safekeeping by administrative law enforcement agencies;
(II) Forging, concealing, or destroying evidence or providing false testimony or falsely reporting a case, affecting the lawful handling of the case by administrative law enforcement agencies;
(III) Knowingly harboring, transferring, or selling stolen goods on behalf of others;
(IV) A criminal who is legally subject to control, deprived of political rights, or on probation or temporarily serving his sentence outside prison, or a person who has been legally subjected to criminal compulsory measures, engaging in conduct that violates laws, administrative regulations, or the supervisory and management regulations of relevant departments of the State Council (国务院).

Article 73: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(I) Violating a prohibition order or occupational ban in a criminal judgment of the People's Court (人民法院);
(II) Refusing to implement a warning letter prohibiting domestic violence or a warning letter prohibiting sexual harassment issued by the public security organ in accordance with the "Anti-Domestic Violence Law of the People's Republic of China" (《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》) or the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women" (《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》);
(III) Violating protective measures taken by supervisory organs in supervisory work or by judicial organs in criminal proceedings in accordance with the law to prohibit contact with witnesses, expert witnesses, victims, and their close relatives.

Article 74: A person who is legally detained for violating the law and escapes shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Article 75: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or fined not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and shall also be fined not less than 500 yuan and not more than 1,000 yuan:
(I) Deliberately damaging cultural relics or places of scenic beauty and historic interest protected by the state by carving, defacing, or other means;
(II) Violating state regulations by carrying out blasting, drilling, excavation, and other activities near cultural relics protection units, endangering the safety of cultural relics.

Article 76: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan:
(I) Stealing another person's motor vehicle;
(II) Driving or stealing another person's aircraft or motorized vessel without obtaining a driver's license.

Article 77: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan:
(I) Deliberately destroying or defiling another person's grave or destroying or discarding another person's remains or ashes;
(II) Leaving a corpse in a public place or affecting the normal life and work order of others due to the placement of a corpse, and refusing to listen to dissuasion.

Article 78: Prostitution or soliciting prostitutes shall be subject to detention for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Soliciting prostitutes in a public place shall be subject to detention for not more than five days or a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 79: Inducing, harboring, or introducing others to prostitution shall be subject to detention for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan.

Article 80: Producing, transporting, copying, selling, or renting obscene books, pictures, films, audio-visual products, and other obscene articles, or using information networks, telephones, and other communication tools to disseminate obscene information, shall be subject to detention for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan.

If the obscene articles or obscene information stipulated in the preceding paragraph involve minors, the punishment shall be increased.

Article 81: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan:
(I) Organizing the playing of obscene audio-visual materials;
(II) Organizing or performing obscene performances;
(III) Participating in group licentious activities.

Anyone who knowingly provides conditions for others to engage in the activities in the preceding paragraph shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Organizing minors to engage in the activities in the first paragraph shall be subject to a heavier punishment.

Article 82: Providing conditions for gambling for profit, or participating in gambling with a relatively large amount of gambling funds, shall be subject to detention for not more than five days or a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 83: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(I) Illegally planting less than 500 poppy plants or other small amounts of drug-producing plants;
(II) Illegally buying, selling, transporting, carrying, or possessing small amounts of unsterilized poppy and other drug-producing plant seeds or seedlings;
(III) Illegally transporting, buying, selling, storing, or using small amounts of poppy shells.

If a person who commits the act in item (I) of the preceding paragraph voluntarily removes the plants before they mature, they shall not be punished.

Article 84: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(I) Illegally possessing less than 200 grams of opium, less than 10 grams of heroin or methamphetamine, or other small amounts of drugs;
(II) Providing drugs to others;
(III) Smoking or injecting drugs;
(IV) Coercing or deceiving medical personnel to prescribe narcotic drugs or psychotropic drugs.

Those who gather people to smoke or inject drugs, or organize such activities, shall be subject to a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph for the principal offenders and organizers.

Those who smoke or inject drugs may also be ordered not to enter entertainment venues or to contact people involved in drug-related illegal and criminal activities without authorization for six months to one year. Those who violate the regulations shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 85: Inducing, instigating, deceiving, or coercing others to smoke or inject drugs shall be subject to detention for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Harboring others to smoke or inject drugs or introducing the buying and selling of drugs shall be subject to detention for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 86: Violating state regulations by illegally producing, operating, purchasing, or transporting raw materials or ingredients used to manufacture drugs shall be subject to detention for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Article 87: Personnel of hotels, catering services, cultural and entertainment industries, taxi industries, and other units who, when public security organs investigate drug use, gambling, prostitution, or soliciting prostitutes, tip off perpetrators of illegal and criminal acts, or provide conditions for the above-mentioned activities in other ways, shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan.

Article 88: Violating the laws and regulations on the prevention and control of social life noise pollution, generating social life noise, and continuing to disturb the normal life, work, and study of others after being legally dissuaded, mediated, and handled by grassroots mass autonomous organizations, owners' committees, property service personnel, and relevant departments, shall be subject to detention for not more than five days or a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 89: Raising animals and disturbing the normal life of others shall be given a warning; if the warning is not corrected, or if the animal is allowed to intimidate others, a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan shall be imposed.

Violating relevant laws, regulations, and rules by selling or raising dangerous animals such as fierce dogs shall be given a warning; if the warning is not corrected, or if the animal injures others, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Failure to take safety measures for animals, causing the animal to injure others, shall be fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Driving animals to injure others shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 51 of this Law.

Chapter IV: Procedure for Punishment

Section 1: Investigation

Article 90: The public security organ shall immediately file a case and conduct an investigation into reports, accusations, or whistleblowing, or when a person who has violated public security administration voluntarily surrenders, as well as cases of violation of public security administration transferred by other state organs; if it believes that the act does not constitute a violation of public security administration, it shall inform the reporter, accuser, whistleblower, or person who surrendered, and explain the reasons.

Article 91: The investigation of public security cases by public security organs and their people's police shall be conducted in accordance with the law. It is strictly forbidden to extort confessions by torture or to collect evidence by illegal means such as threats, inducements, or deception.

Evidence collected by illegal means shall not be used as the basis for punishment.

Article 92: When handling public security cases, the public security organ has the right to collect and obtain evidence from relevant units and individuals. Relevant units and individuals shall provide evidence truthfully.

When the public security organ collects and obtains evidence from relevant units and individuals, it shall inform them that they must provide evidence truthfully, and the legal responsibility they shall bear for forging, concealing, or destroying evidence or providing false testimony.

Article 93: Physical evidence, documentary evidence, audio-visual materials, electronic data, and other evidentiary materials legally collected during the handling of criminal cases and by other law enforcement agencies before transferring the cases may be used as evidence in public security cases.

Article 94: When handling public security cases, public security organs and their people's police shall keep confidential any state secrets, trade secrets, personal privacy, or personal information involved.

Article 95: People's police shall recuse themselves when handling public security cases if any of the following circumstances exist; the person who has violated public security administration, the injured party, or their legal representative also has the right to request their recusal:
(I) Being a party to the case or a close relative of a party to the case;
(II) Having an interest in the case, either personally or through a close relative;
(III) Having other relationships with a party to the case that may affect the fair handling of the case.
The recusal of a police officer shall be decided by the public security organ to which he/she belongs; the recusal of the person in charge of the public security organ shall be decided by the public security organ at the next higher level.
Article 96 Where it is necessary to summon a person who violates the administration of public security to accept investigation, a summons shall be used upon approval by the person in charge of the handling department of the public security organ. For a person who violates the administration of public security discovered at the scene, a police officer may summon him/her orally after presenting his/her police officer's certificate, but it shall be noted in the interrogation record.
The public security organ shall inform the summoned person of the reasons and basis for the summons. A person who refuses to accept the summons without justified reason or evades the summons may be forcibly summoned upon approval by the person in charge of the handling department of the public security organ.
Article 97 After summoning a person who violates the administration of public security, the public security organ shall promptly interrogate and verify the facts. The time for interrogation and verification shall not exceed eight hours; if there are a large number of people involved in the case or the identity of the person who violates the administration of public security is unknown, the time for interrogation and verification shall not exceed twelve hours; if the situation is complicated and administrative detention may be applicable in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the time for interrogation and verification shall not exceed twenty-four hours. When interrogating a person who violates the administration of public security at the law enforcement and case-handling site, the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
The public security organ shall promptly notify the family members of the summoned person of the reasons for the summons and the place where he/she is being held.
During the period of interrogation and verification, the public security organ shall ensure the legitimate needs of the person who violates the administration of public security, such as diet and necessary rest time.
Article 98 The interrogation record shall be submitted to the interrogated person for verification; if he/she is unable to read, it shall be read to him/her. If there are omissions or errors in the record, the interrogated person may propose additions or corrections. After the interrogated person confirms that the record is correct, he/she shall sign, seal, or affix his/her fingerprint, and the police officer conducting the interrogation shall also sign the record.
If the interrogated person requests to provide written materials on the interrogated matters by himself/herself, it shall be permitted; when necessary, the police officer may also require the interrogated person to write by himself/herself.
When interrogating a person who violates the administration of public security who is under the age of eighteen, his/her parents or other guardians shall be notified to be present; if his/her parents or other guardians cannot be present, other adult relatives, representatives of the school, work unit, grassroots organization in the place of residence, or juvenile protection organization, or other appropriate adults may be notified to be present, and the relevant situation shall be recorded. If it is indeed impossible to notify or they do not arrive after being notified, it shall be noted in the record.
Article 99 A police officer may interrogate a victim or other witness at the scene, or go to his/her work unit, residence, or the location he/she proposes; when necessary, he/she may also notify him/her to provide testimony to the public security organ.
When a police officer interrogates a victim or other witness outside the public security organ, he/she shall present his/her police officer's certificate.
Article 98 of this Law shall also apply to the interrogation of victims or other witnesses.
Article 100 If a person who violates the administration of public security, a victim, or other witness is in a different place, the public security organ may entrust the public security organ in the different place to conduct the interrogation on its behalf, or may conduct the interrogation remotely through the video system of the public security organ.
If the interrogation is conducted by means of remote video, the interrogation record shall be read to the interrogated person, and after the interrogated person confirms that the record is correct, the police officer conducting the interrogation shall note it in the record. The interrogation and reading process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
Article 101 When interrogating a deaf-mute person who violates the administration of public security, a victim, or other witness, a person who is proficient in sign language or other means of communication shall provide assistance, and it shall be noted in the record.
When interrogating a person who violates the administration of public security, a victim, or other witness who does not understand the local common language and writing, an interpreter shall be provided, and it shall be noted in the record.
Article 102 In order to ascertain the facts of the case and determine certain characteristics, injury conditions, or physiological states of the person who violates the administration of public security or the victim, it is necessary to conduct a personal examination, extract or collect portraits, fingerprint information, and biological samples such as blood and urine, it shall be carried out after approval by the person in charge of the handling department of the public security organ. Information or samples that have already been extracted or collected shall not be extracted or collected repeatedly. The extraction or collection of information or samples from the victim shall be subject to the consent of the victim or his/her guardian.
Article 103 The public security organ may inspect places related to violations of the administration of public security or the person, articles of the person who violates the administration of public security. During the inspection, there shall be no less than two police officers, and they shall present their police officer's certificates.
For inspections of places, an inspection warrant shall be used upon approval by the person in charge of the public security organ of the people's government at or above the county level; if it is indeed necessary to conduct an immediate inspection, the police officer may conduct the inspection on the spot after presenting his/her police officer's certificate, and the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video. An inspection warrant issued by the public security organ of the people's government at or above the county level shall be presented for the inspection of a citizen's residence.
The examination of a woman's body shall be carried out by female staff or a physician.
Article 104 A written record of the inspection shall be made, and it shall be signed, sealed, or affixed with fingerprints by the inspectors, the inspected person, and the witnesses; if the inspected person is not present or the inspected person or witness refuses to sign, the police officer shall note it in the record.
Article 105 When handling public security cases, the public security organ may seize items related to the case that need to be used as evidence; property legally possessed by the victim or a bona fide third party shall not be seized, but shall be registered, but items among them that are related to the case and must be appraised may be seized, and shall be released immediately after the appraisal. Items unrelated to the case shall not be seized.
For seized items, they shall be checked clearly together with the witnesses present and the holder of the seized items, and a list shall be made on the spot in duplicate, which shall be signed or sealed by the investigators, witnesses, and the holder, one copy shall be given to the holder, and the other copy shall be attached to the file for reference.
The seizure shall be reported to the person in charge of the public security organ for approval before implementation; if the seizure is implemented on the spot due to emergency or the value of the item is not large, the police officer shall promptly report to the person in charge of the public security organ to which he/she belongs and complete the approval procedures. If the person in charge of the public security organ believes that the seizure should not be carried out, it shall be released immediately. If the seizure is implemented on the spot, the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
Seized items shall be properly kept and shall not be used for other purposes; items that are not suitable for long-term storage shall be handled in accordance with relevant regulations. If it is found that they are not related to the case or are verified to be the legal property of the victim or others, they shall be returned immediately after registration; if no one claims the property or the obligee cannot be identified after six months, it shall be publicly auctioned or handled in accordance with relevant state regulations, and the proceeds shall be turned over to the state treasury.
Article 106 In order to ascertain the facts of the case and resolve specialized issues in dispute in the case, personnel with specialized knowledge shall be designated or hired to conduct the appraisal; after the appraiser conducts the appraisal, he/she shall write an appraisal opinion and sign it.
Article 107 In order to ascertain the facts of the case, the police officer may allow the person who violates the administration of public security, the victim, and other witnesses to identify places and items related to the violation of the administration of public security, and may also allow the victim and other witnesses to identify the person who violates the administration of public security, or allow the person who violates the administration of public security to identify other persons who violate the administration of public security.
A record of the identification shall be made, and it shall be signed, sealed, or affixed with fingerprints by the police officer and the identifier.
Article 108 When the public security organ conducts interrogation, identification, on-site investigation, and implements administrative compulsory measures and other investigation and evidence collection work, there shall be no less than two police officers.
When the public security organ conducts interrogation, seizure, identification, or mediation in a standardized and strictly managed law enforcement and case-handling site, it may be conducted by one police officer.
If interrogation, seizure, identification, or mediation is conducted by one police officer in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video. If the entire process is not recorded simultaneously with audio and video as required, or the audio and video data is damaged or lost, the relevant evidence cannot be used as the basis for punishment.

Section 2 Decision

Article 109 Administrative penalties for public security shall be decided by the public security organs of the local people's governments at or above the county level; among them, warnings and fines of less than 1,000 yuan may be decided by the public security police station.
Article 110 For a person who is decided to be given administrative detention, the time during which his/her personal freedom has been restricted by compulsory measures before the punishment shall be offset. One day of restriction of personal freedom shall be offset by one day of administrative detention.
Article 111 When investigating and handling public security cases, the public security organ may make a decision on administrative penalties for public security if there is no statement from the person concerned, but other evidence can prove the facts of the case. However, if there is only a statement from the person concerned and no other evidence to prove it, a decision on administrative penalties for public security cannot be made.
Article 112 Before making a decision on administrative penalties for public security, the public security organ shall inform the person who violates the administration of public security of the content of the proposed administrative penalties for public security, as well as the facts, reasons, and basis, and inform the person who violates the administration of public security of the rights he/she enjoys in accordance with the law.
The person who violates the administration of public security has the right to state his/her case and defend himself/herself. The public security organ must fully listen to the opinions of the person who violates the administration of public security, and shall review the facts, reasons, and evidence presented by the person who violates the administration of public security; if the facts, reasons, or evidence presented by the person who violates the administration of public security are established, the public security organ shall adopt them.
If the person who violates the administration of public security is under the age of eighteen, the parents or other guardians of the minor shall also be informed in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, and their opinions shall be fully listened to.
The public security organ shall not increase the punishment of the person who violates the administration of public security because of his/her statement or defense.
Article 113 After the investigation of a public security case is completed, the public security organ shall make the following dispositions according to different circumstances:
(1) If there is indeed an illegal act that should be given administrative penalties for public security in accordance with the law, a decision on punishment shall be made according to the seriousness of the circumstances and the specific situation;
(2) If no punishment is given in accordance with the law, or the illegal facts cannot be established, a decision not to punish shall be made;
(3) If the illegal act is suspected of constituting a crime, it shall be transferred to the relevant competent authority to pursue criminal responsibility in accordance with the law;
(4) If it is found that the person who violates the administration of public security has other illegal acts, the relevant competent authority shall be notified or transferred to handle them at the same time as making a decision on punishment for the violation of the administration of public security.
For administrative penalties for public security for complicated or major illegal acts, the person in charge of the public security organ shall collectively discuss and decide.
Article 114 Under any of the following circumstances, before the public security organ makes a decision on administrative penalties for public security, it shall be subject to legal review by personnel engaged in legal review of decisions on administrative penalties for public security; no decision shall be made without legal review or if the review is not passed:
(1) Involving major public interests;
(2) Directly related to the major rights and interests of the parties or third parties, and after a hearing procedure;
(3) The circumstances of the case are difficult and complicated, involving multiple legal relationships.
Personnel in the public security organ who are engaged in legal review of decisions on administrative penalties for public security for the first time shall pass the national unified legal professional qualification examination to obtain legal professional qualifications.
Article 115 If the public security organ makes a decision on administrative penalties for public security, it shall make a decision on administrative penalties for public security. The decision shall state the following:
(1) The name, gender, age, name and number of the identity document, and address of the person being punished;
(2) Illegal facts and evidence;
(3) The type and basis of the punishment;
(4) The method and time limit for the execution of the punishment;
(5) The channels and time limit for applying for administrative reconsideration or filing an administrative lawsuit if one is dissatisfied with the punishment decision;
(6) The name of the public security organ making the punishment decision and the date of making the decision.
The decision shall be affixed with the seal of the public security organ making the punishment decision.
Article 116 The public security organ shall announce the decision on administrative penalties for public security to the person being punished and deliver it to the person being punished on the spot; if it is impossible to announce it to the person being punished on the spot, it shall be delivered to the person being punished within two days. If a decision is made to give administrative detention, the family members of the person being punished shall be notified in a timely manner.
If there is a victim, the public security organ shall deliver the decision to the victim.
Article 117 Before the public security organ makes a decision on administrative penalties for public security to revoke a license or impose a fine of more than 4,000 yuan, or takes measures to order suspension of business for rectification, it shall inform the person who violates the administration of public security of the right to request a hearing; if the person who violates the administration of public security requests a hearing, the public security organ shall promptly hold a hearing in accordance with the law.
For minors who may be subject to administrative detention in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 23 of this Law, the public security organ shall inform the minor and his/her guardian of the right to request a hearing; if the minor and his/her guardian request a hearing, the public security organ shall promptly hold a hearing in accordance with the law. Hearings for cases involving minors shall not be held in public.
For cases other than those stipulated in the preceding two paragraphs that are complicated or have a major social impact, if the person who violates the administration of public security requests a hearing and the public security organ deems it necessary, a hearing shall be held promptly in accordance with the law.
The public security organ shall not increase the punishment of the person who violates the administration of public security because he/she requests a hearing.
Article 118 The time limit for the public security organ to handle public security cases shall not exceed 30 days from the date of filing the case; if the case is major or complicated, it may be extended by 30 days with the approval of the public security organ at the next higher level. The extension of the time limit shall be limited to two times. If a case handled by a public security police station needs to be extended, it shall be approved by the public security organ to which it belongs.
The period for appraisal and the period for hearing in order to ascertain the facts of the case shall not be included in the time limit for handling public security cases.
Article 119 If the facts of the violation of the administration of public security are clear and the evidence is conclusive, a decision on administrative penalties for public security may be made on the spot with a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan.
Article 120 When making a decision on administrative penalties for public security on the spot, the police officer shall present his/her police officer's certificate and fill out the punishment decision. The punishment decision shall be delivered to the person being punished on the spot; if there is a victim, the decision shall also be delivered to the victim.
The punishment decision stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall state the name of the person being punished, the illegal act, the basis for the punishment, the amount of the fine, the time, the place, and the name of the public security organ, and shall be signed or sealed by the police officer handling the case.
If the person being punished has no objection to the content, facts, reasons, and basis of the proposed administrative penalties for public security applicable to on-the-spot punishment, a decision on administrative penalties for public security may be made by one police officer, and the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
If a decision on administrative penalties for public security is made on the spot, the police officer handling the case shall report it to the public security organ to which he/she belongs for the record within 24 hours.
Article 121 If the person being punished or the victim is dissatisfied with the decision on administrative penalties for public security, the decision on confiscation or recovery, or the relevant restrictive or prohibitive measures taken by the public security organ in accordance with the provisions of this Law, he/she may apply for administrative reconsideration or file an administrative lawsuit in accordance with the law.

Section 3 Execution

Article 122 A person who has been decided to be given administrative detention shall be sent to the detention center for execution by the public security organ that made the decision; upon expiration of the execution period, the detention center shall release the detention on time and issue a certificate of release from detention.
If a person who has been decided to be given administrative detention is captured in a different place or has other circumstances that require execution in a detention center in a different place, it may be executed in a different place with the approval of the competent public security organ of the detention center in the different place.
Article 123 A person who has been fined shall pay the fine to the designated bank or through the electronic payment system within 15 days from the date of receiving the punishment decision. However, under any of the following circumstances, the police officer may collect the fine on the spot:
(1) The fine is less than 200 yuan, and the person being punished has no objection to the fine;
(1) Where a fine of not more than 200 yuan is imposed and the person subject to the penalty has no objection to the fine;
(2) In remote areas, on the water, or in areas with inconvenient transportation, on passenger trains or at ports, where the public security organ and its people's police make a decision to impose a fine in accordance with the provisions of this Law, and the person subject to the penalty has genuine difficulties in paying the fine to the designated bank or through the electronic payment system, as proposed by the person subject to the penalty;
(3) Where the person subject to the penalty has no fixed domicile in the locality and it would be difficult to enforce the penalty if it is not collected on the spot.
Article 124 The fines collected on the spot by the people's police shall be handed over to the public security organ (公安机关) to which they belong within two days from the date of collection; the fines collected on the spot on the water or on passenger trains shall be handed over to the public security organ (公安机关) to which they belong within two days from the date of arrival at the shore or station; the public security organ (公安机关) shall pay the fines to the designated bank within two days from the date of receipt of the fines.
Article 125 Where the people's police collect fines on the spot, they shall issue to the person subject to the penalty a special receipt uniformly issued by the financial department of the people's government at or above the provincial level; if a special receipt uniformly issued is not issued, the person subject to the penalty shall have the right to refuse to pay the fine.
Article 126 If a person subject to a decision on administrative detention penalty applies for administrative reconsideration or files an administrative lawsuit against the decision, he/she may apply to the public security organ (公安机关) for a temporary suspension of the execution of the administrative detention if he/she is taking an entrance examination, has a child born, or has a seriously ill or deceased close relative. If the public security organ (公安机关) believes that the temporary suspension of the execution of administrative detention will not cause social danger, the person subject to the penalty or his/her close relatives shall propose a guarantor who meets the conditions stipulated in Article 127 of this Law, or pay a security deposit at the rate of 200 yuan per day of administrative detention, and the decision on administrative detention penalty shall be temporarily suspended.
If a person who is being subjected to administrative detention penalty encounters circumstances such as taking an entrance examination, having a child born, or having a seriously ill or deceased close relative, and the detainee or his/her close relatives apply for release, the public security organ (公安机关) shall implement it in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. The time of release of the detainee shall not be counted in the detention period.
Article 127 The guarantor shall meet the following conditions:
(1) Not involved in the case;
(2) Enjoying political rights and not restricted in personal freedom;
(3) Having a permanent residence and a fixed domicile in the locality;
(4) Having the ability to perform the guarantee obligation.
Article 128 The guarantor shall ensure that the guaranteed person does not evade the execution of the administrative detention penalty.
If the guarantor fails to perform the guarantee obligation, causing the guaranteed person to evade the execution of the administrative detention penalty, a fine of not more than 3,000 yuan shall be imposed.
Article 129 If a person who has been decided to be given administrative detention penalty pays a security deposit and temporarily suspends administrative detention or evades the execution of administrative detention penalty after being released, the security deposit shall be confiscated and turned over to the State Treasury, and the administrative detention decision already made shall still be executed.
Article 130 If the decision on administrative detention penalty is revoked, the administrative detention penalty begins to be executed, or continues to be executed after release, the security deposit collected by the public security organ (公安机关) shall be returned to the payer in a timely manner.
Chapter V Supervision of Law Enforcement
Article 131 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police shall handle public security cases in accordance with the law, impartially, strictly, and efficiently, enforce the law in a civilized manner, and shall not engage in **徇私舞弊** (xùn sī wǔ bì - "practicing favoritism and committing irregularities," to engage in corruption), neglect their duties, or abuse their powers.
Article 132 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police handling public security cases shall be prohibited from beating, scolding, abusing, or insulting persons who violate public security administration.
Article 133 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police handling public security cases shall consciously accept the supervision of society and citizens.
Any unit or individual shall have the right to report or accuse the public security organ (公安机关) or the people's procuratorate or supervisory organ of failing to strictly enforce the law or engaging in illegal or disciplinary acts in handling public security cases; the organ receiving the report or accusation shall handle it in a timely manner in accordance with its duties.
Article 134 If a public security organ (公安机关) makes a decision on public security administration penalty and finds that the person subject to the penalty is a public official and needs to be given a political disciplinary sanction in accordance with the provisions of the Public Official Political Disciplinary Sanction Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国公职人员政务处分法), it shall promptly notify the supervisory organ and other relevant units in accordance with relevant regulations.
Article 135 When a public security organ (公安机关) imposes a fine penalty in accordance with the law, it shall implement the separation of the fine decision and the fine collection in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations; the fines collected shall be turned over to the State Treasury in full, and shall not be returned, returned in disguised form, or linked to funding guarantees.
Article 136 Records of violations of public security administration shall be sealed and shall not be provided or disclosed to any unit or individual, except for cases where relevant state organs need to handle cases or relevant units conduct inquiries in accordance with state regulations. The units conducting inquiries in accordance with the law shall keep confidential the information on the sealed illegal records.
Article 137 Public security organs (公安机关) shall perform the duties of operation, safety management, synchronous audio and video recording, improve technical measures, regularly maintain facilities and equipment, and ensure the continuous, stable, and safe operation of audio and video recording equipment.
Article 138 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police shall not use personal information obtained in the process of handling public security cases, relevant information and samples extracted and collected in accordance with the law for purposes unrelated to public security administration and investigation of crimes, and shall not sell or provide them to other units or individuals.
Article 139 If a people's police officer commits any of the following acts in handling a public security case, he/she shall be given a sanction in accordance with the law; if it constitutes a crime, he/she shall be held criminally liable in accordance with the law:
(1) Extorting a confession by torture, corporal punishment, beating, scolding, abusing, or insulting others;
(2) Restricting personal freedom beyond the time limit for questioning and investigation;
(3) Failing to implement the system of separation of fine decision and fine collection or failing to turn over the confiscated property to the State Treasury or dispose of it in accordance with regulations;
(4) Privately dividing, encroaching on, misappropriating, or intentionally damaging the confiscated, recovered, or seized property;
(5) Using or failing to return the property of the victim in a timely manner in violation of regulations;
(6) Failing to return the security deposit in a timely manner in violation of regulations;
(7) Taking advantage of his/her position to accept property from others or seek other benefits;
(8) Collecting fines on the spot without issuing a special receipt or failing to truthfully fill in the amount of the fine;
(9) Failing to dispatch the police in a timely manner after receiving a report requesting the cessation of an act in violation of public security administration;
(10) Providing information to persons engaged in illegal or criminal activities while investigating and handling activities in violation of public security administration;
(11) Disclosing work secrets or other information that should be kept confidential in accordance with the law in the process of handling public security cases;
(12) Using personal information obtained in the process of handling public security cases, relevant information and samples extracted and collected in accordance with the law for purposes unrelated to public security administration and investigation of crimes, or selling or providing them to other units or individuals;
(13) Editing, deleting, damaging, or losing synchronous audio and video recording materials for handling public security cases;
(14) Other circumstances of **徇私舞弊** (xùn sī wǔ bì - "practicing favoritism and committing irregularities," to engage in corruption), neglecting duties, abusing powers, and failing to perform statutory duties in accordance with the law.
If a public security organ (公安机关) handling a public security case commits any of the acts listed in the preceding paragraph, the leading personnel and directly responsible personnel shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law.
Article 140 If a public security organ (公安机关) and its people's police illegally exercise their powers and infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, and other organizations, they shall apologize; if damage is caused, they shall bear the liability for compensation in accordance with the law.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 141 Where other laws stipulate that administrative detention penalties shall be given by public security organs (公安机关), the penalty procedures shall apply to the provisions of this Law.
Where public security organs (公安机关) impose penalties in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Firearms (中华人民共和国枪支管理法), the Regulations on the Safety Administration of Civilian Explosive Articles (民用爆炸物品安全管理条例) and other laws and administrative regulations directly related to public safety and social public security order, the penalty procedures shall apply to the provisions of this Law.
Where Article 32, Article 34, Article 46, and Article 56 of this Law stipulate that administrative detention penalties shall be given, and other laws and administrative regulations also stipulate that fines, confiscation of illegal income, confiscation of illegal property, and other administrative penalties shall be given at the same time, the relevant competent departments shall impose penalties in accordance with the corresponding regulations; if administrative detention penalties need to be given, the public security organ (公安机关) shall handle them in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 142 The coast guard agency shall perform the duties of maritime public security administration and exercise the powers of the public security organ (公安机关) stipulated in this Law, unless otherwise provided by law.
Article 143 The terms "above," "below," and "within" used in this Law include the number itself.
Article 144 This Law shall come into force on January 1, 2026.
(Xinhua News Agency)

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How to Fully Unleash the Value of Data Elements (High-Quality Development Stories, Episode 16)

By: 本期主讲人：国家数据发展研究院院长 胡坚波

The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to fully releasing the value of data elements. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out that it is important to give play to the role of data as a basic resource and an innovation engine, and to accelerate the formation of a digital economy mainly led and supported by innovation. At present, the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the major changes unseen in a century in the world are undergoing a historic intersection with a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. Deeply understanding the fundamental and strategic value of data elements is a key support and inevitable requirement for seizing the opportunities of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and for solidly promoting high-quality development.

Data elements are becoming a key driving force for high-quality economic and social development. From the perspective of the law of historical evolution, each epoch-making leap in productivity is driven by the innovation of key factors of production. Land and labor are the core elements of agricultural civilization, capital and technology are relied upon in industrial civilization, and the core driving force of the booming digital civilization is turning to data. From the perspective of the evolution of the international landscape, data sovereignty has become an important manifestation of a country's comprehensive competitiveness, which is directly related to whether a country can win the initiative and shape its advantages in the future global competition system. From the perspective of domestic development needs, data elements have been deeply integrated into all aspects of production, distribution, circulation, and consumption, which are reshaping production methods, social structures, and governance models, and becoming an important starting point for breaking through difficulties, an important source of value creation, and an important driving force for enabling development. It has a 四两拨千斤 (sì liǎng bō qiān jīn - "four ounces deflect a thousand pounds," to use minimal force to achieve a significant result) effect on promoting collaborative technological innovation, industrial transformation and upgrading, coordinated regional development, and precise social governance.

This requires us to deeply understand and grasp the characteristics and laws of data, give full play to the positive externalities of data, avoid negative externalities, enhance our awareness of potential dangers, adhere to self-reliance and self-improvement, earnestly safeguard national data sovereignty in fierce international competition, and give full play to the amplification, superposition, and multiplication effects of data elements with a high degree of historical consciousness and strategic initiative, accelerate the shaping of new momentum and new advantages, and provide a strong impetus for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the nation with Chinese-style modernization.

Institutional construction is a key support for the release of data value.

As a key factor of production in the digital economy era, the release of data value has the distinct characteristics of non-consumption, superposition, and multiplication effects, but it also faces key obstacles such as ambiguous property rights definitions and a lack of circulation rules. Through the systematic adjustment of the relations of production of data elements, the core role of the basic data system is to solve institutional obstacles such as "data is unwilling to be supplied, cannot flow, and is not used well," and to provide clear rules and stable market expectations for the transformation of data elements from "resources" to "assets" and "capital." Institutional construction can not only reduce data transaction costs, improve the efficiency of factor allocation, and promote the deep integration of data with traditional factors such as labor, capital, and technology, but also stimulate the enthusiasm of various entities to participate in data production, processing, and application, realize the multi-dimensional and full-chain release of data value, and inject inexhaustible power into the high-quality development of the digital economy, which is a fundamental guarantee for building new national digital competitive advantages.

Through the data property rights system, "settling disputes and stopping disputes" will consolidate the foundation for value release. The unclear ownership of data elements and the rules for their establishment have always been a constraint affecting the circulation and transaction of data elements. Data carries the different interests and demands of multiple subjects such as individuals, enterprises, society, and the country, and has the characteristics of multi-party symbiosis, non-consumption, non-competition, and increasing returns. It is difficult to use the existing rights system to define data property rights. Taking meeting the needs of data element circulation and use as the starting point and protecting the rights and interests of relevant parties as the basis, the "Twenty Data Articles" creatively proposed the operating mechanism and institutional arrangements for the structural separation of data property rights. Since the establishment of the National Data Bureau (国家数据局), the connotation and extension of "data holding rights, data usage rights, and data operation rights" have been further refined. The separation of data "three rights" breaks the rigid model of traditional absolute property rights, allowing various entities to enjoy one or more of the three rights in combination with practical needs, which is conducive to clarifying the rights of all parties, dispelling concerns about unclear property rights, encouraging all parties to boldly use data, and fully releasing the value of data elements.

By building an integrated data market to break the "data silos," we can smooth the channels for value release. Data circulation faces multiple obstacles such as "information silos," "platform barriers," and "regional divisions," and a large amount of data is deposited within a single entity and cannot play its role. The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed "cultivating a national integrated technology and data market." Cultivating a national integrated data market is an important part of building a unified national market, and it is also an important way to break data silos, improve the efficiency of data resource allocation, stimulate market vitality and innovation potential, expand the scale of the digital economy, and build new national competitive advantages. Through the integrated construction of market rules, infrastructure, and governance systems, it is conducive to breaking down circulation barriers, consolidating the foundation of trust in circulation and transactions, and broadening the scenarios for value realization, so that more entities are willing to participate in data circulation, and promote the realization of data element value in a wider range and higher efficiency allocation.

Application traction is the core driver of data value release.

As a new type of production factor, data has been rapidly integrated into all aspects of production, distribution, circulation, consumption, and social service management. In various application scenarios, data continues to release its resource value through collaborative optimization, reuse efficiency, and integrated innovation, bringing about all-round changes to production methods, lifestyles, and social governance methods.

In the field of production and manufacturing, data is the "new engine" for enterprises to improve quality and efficiency. By gathering data from the entire life cycle of research and development, production to application, and conducting intelligent analysis, the efficiency of enterprise research and development design is significantly improved. Real-time monitoring of equipment parameters, production status, and energy consumption information can also achieve intelligent early warning and rapid disposal, allowing the production line to "think and optimize." Data is also reshaping sales and services. Enterprises' perception of market dynamics and consumption trends is more sensitive due to data, so they can accurately cultivate new products and new services. More importantly, when data crosses enterprise boundaries and flows upstream and downstream of the industrial chain or even across industries, its multiplication effect is more prominent. Some industry leaders have integrated ecological data to achieve efficient collaboration between supply, manufacturing, and consumption ends, promoting the leap in total factor productivity of the entire industry.

In the field of life services, data is also redefining our daily lives. Map navigation, online car-hailing, food delivery... Behind these convenient services is the precise matching and supply of massive data and information. In the medical field, in-depth analysis of image, pathology, and other data makes intelligent assisted diagnosis and treatment a reality, escorting health. Public data flows to society in an orderly manner through authorized operations, and related entities develop a wide variety of digital and intelligent products based on this. For example, some places integrate data from multiple parties such as justice and civil affairs, and can verify the qualifications and credit of domestic workers with user authorization, solving the problem of information asymmetry in the industry.

In the field of government governance, data is an important starting point for improving the modernization of governance capabilities. Breaking down "data silos" between departments and integrating information from multiple fields such as public security, social security, health, education, and civil affairs can realize "one-stop service" for matters from birth and school enrollment to employment and elderly care, truly making "efficiently handling one thing" the norm. Data also makes decision-making more scientific and governance more precise. Intelligent sensing systems collect data on transportation, meteorology, hydrology, and other data in real time, providing strong support for risk identification, disaster early warning, and emergency rescue, and promoting the transformation of social governance from passive response to active prevention.

Security governance is an important guarantee for the release of data value.

General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized that it is necessary to adhere to the overall planning of development and security, adhere to the equal emphasis on development and security, and realize the virtuous interaction between high-quality development and high-level security. It is necessary to always adhere to the General Secretary's important exposition on the overall planning of development and security, grasp the relationship between data security and data value release, and the two are not simply opposed to each other in terms of cost and benefit, but are a complementary and organically unified whole.

On the one hand, security is the basic condition for data elements to enter the circulation field. Data opening without security guarantees is often difficult to sustain. By establishing a systematic risk identification and control mechanism, transforming uncontrollable security risks into predictable risks can provide a basis of trust for the flow of data elements in a wide range and high-frequency scenarios, ensuring that the first step in value release is steady.

On the other hand, security expands the space for data value release. By building the ability to ensure the security of the entire process of data element circulation, promoting the opening of high-value sensitive data and the implementation of complex integration scenarios, and establishing a long-term security guarantee mechanism, the compliance concerns of relevant entities on data use are reduced, and data applications are promoted to move from low-value scenarios to high-value fields, promoting the scaling and sustainability of value release.

Case 1

Loans from Hometown Make Entrepreneurship More Stable

Narrator: Wu Weiling (吴炜玲), Deputy Director of the Lishui Branch of the People's Bank of China (中国人民银行丽水市分行)

When doing business in other places, the biggest fear is running out of cash flow. Tao Xiaojun (陶小军), a businessman from Lishui (丽水), Zhejiang (浙江), encountered such a dilemma. In 2024, his supermarket in Ningbo (宁波) needed to renovate its store and expand its scale, and money became a big problem. At this time, a loan of 500,000 yuan from his hometown solved his urgent need.

Small and micro merchants are the "capillaries" of the market economy. Lishui people have opened more than 60,000 supermarkets across the country, but the "Lishui supermarkets" scattered in various places generally face some financing problems: the operating commodities have strong liquidity, the operating sites are mostly leased, and there is a lack of effective collateral; in addition, the financing demand information is asymmetric, which leads to banks wanting to lend but finding it difficult to lend.

How to solve this dilemma? We use data empowerment to solve the problem. Based on the data support provided by the Lishui Municipal Data Bureau (丽水市数据局), we integrated and applied multi-source data such as public government affairs, merchant operations, and bank credit, and created the "Li Jitong" (丽即通) platform, which can accurately portray Lishui merchants scattered across the country with different operating conditions.

This is not only a channel for obtaining loan information, but also a data-driven financial service ecosystem. Under the premise of ensuring data security, financial information is co-built and shared, breaking the limitations of region and time and space. Banks can see clearly and dare to lend, and merchants can borrow quickly and use it well, truly realizing the "precise drip irrigation" of inclusive finance. As of January 15, 2026, the "Li Jitong" platform has served more than 32,900 small and micro entities outside Lishui, with a merchant credit amount of 7.953 billion yuan.

In addition to loans, we have also launched policies such as entrepreneurship insurance and interest subsidies. With this support from our hometown, Lishui people are more stable when starting businesses outside!

(People's Daily reporter Wang Zhen (王震) compiled)

Case 2

"Code" to Settle Wages, Information is More Transparent

Narrator: Xiao Hanyu (肖汉宇), Chairman of Shenzhen Hengtianji Technology Development Co., Ltd. (深圳市恒天吉科技技术发展有限公司)

The end of the year and the beginning of the year are the peak periods of family consumption, and also the concentrated nodes for many construction workers to settle their wages and arrange their expenses. In November 2025, Master Ye (叶师傅) successfully settled a sum of wages before the Spring Festival through the "code" he used for daily work attendance. This money not only allowed him to pay the final payment for the renovation of his hometown, but also added to his confidence in "adding bricks and tiles" to his new home.

In the traditional construction labor market, the biggest pain point is information asymmetry. Workers are often "only open their mouths when checking attendance, and break their legs when settling payments." This kind of employment management relying on interpersonal relationships brings great uncertainty to both the project party and the workers.

Based on this, the first thing our platform does is to break the old model of "people staring at projects" and realize panoramic visibility with full-process data penetration, building a "highway" for dispute resolution for workers.

The "code" used by Master Ye (叶师傅) is the "Construction Port Intelligent Dispatch System" we are currently piloting. Here, we have opened a "digital ID card" for each worker. This is not only a file, but also a "credit account." Every punctual attendance and every high-quality completion will be quantified into a clear value in a timely manner and stored in the "credit savings."

Records are rights, and data is evidence. This data comes from and serves the workers, not only protecting their "wallets," but also improving management efficiency through data connection and artificial intelligence analysis, allowing workers to enhance their sense of job safety and improve their sense of professional belonging.

In the three years since its launch, the platform has realized labor settlement of more than 1 billion yuan under data-driven, helping construction companies reduce costs and increase efficiency by more than 15%. One by one, the numbers truly record the road that every builder has traveled and the sweat they have shed, and also protect the happy lives of the families behind them.

(People's Daily reporter Wang Renhong (王仁宏) compiled)

Case 3

Invisible Defense Line, Guarding the Digital Life of the Masses

Narrator: Qiu Junyang (邱浚漾), General Manager of the Smart Authentication Center of China Mobile Internet Co., Ltd. (中移互联网有限公司智慧认证中心)

There are many routines for telecommunications network fraud, and a phone call can cause huge losses.

Half a year ago, Ms. Wu (武女士), a citizen of Harbin (哈尔滨), Heilongjiang (黑龙江), received a strange call from someone claiming to be "customer service." The other party accurately reported her personal information and asked her to download the designated APP on the grounds of "insurance deduction." Just as she was flustered, an eye-catching fraud warning prompt suddenly popped up on her mobile phone screen. She instantly woke up and immediately hung up the phone.

This timely reminder stems from an invisible security defense line. Based on the intelligent joint defense mechanism built by China Mobile's (中国移动) trusted data circulation security base and trusted account risk control platform, once a fraudulent call is made, the "behavioral characteristics" of the call trigger a cloud joint defense query, and the account risk control platform conducts real-time analysis and judgment based on multi-dimensional risk characteristics, and then issues a warning instruction to the "China Mobile Security Manager" in the user's mobile phone to make an explicit reminder of suspected fraud.

It is worth noting that the "dynamic risk identification model" deployed in the risk control platform is not a fixed program, but an artificial intelligence system that can continuously learn and evolve in real time. It continuously optimizes the identification logic by analyzing massive fraud samples, so as to accurately identify fraud techniques in milliseconds. Throughout the entire process, original data such as call content and identity information is always "untouched and unread," strictly practicing the principle of "data is available but not visible," and effectively protecting user data security and personal privacy.

In invisible places, digital and intelligent technologies are constantly building a security barrier, making the digital life of the masses more rewarding, happier, and safer.

(People's Daily reporter Shen Jiaping (申佳平) compiled)

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This section edited by: Lü Zhongzheng, Wu Kai, Huang Jinyu

Layout design: Wang Zhepeng (汪哲平)

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"China Tours, China Buys" – How It Became So Popular (People's Daily Focus: Boosting Consumption)

By: 本报记者 王云娜 王欣悦 李家鼎

Prologue

As night falls, the Pearl River (珠江) is ablaze with lights. "Look, it's the 'Little Waist'," sitting on the cruise ship, as the dazzling Canton Tower (广州塔) came into view, the Nazer family from Kuwait quickly posed for a photo with the tower, "Thanks to the visa-free policy, we have this 'just go' trip."

It's not just the Nazer family. In 2025, the number of foreigners entering and exiting the country at various ports reached 82.035 million, an increase of 26.4% year-on-year. During this year's Spring Festival holiday, 1.313 million foreigners entered and exited the country, an average daily increase of 21.8% compared to last year's holiday; among the foreigners entering the country, 460,000 entered under the visa-free policy, an average daily increase of 28.5% compared to last year's holiday.

"China tourism" has boosted "China shopping". In 2025, the number of overseas tourists applying for departure tax refunds in China increased by 305% year-on-year, and the sales of tax-refunded goods increased by 95.9% year-on-year.

The rising popularity is inseparable from policy support. In March 2025, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中共中央办公厅) and the General Office of the State Council (国务院办公厅) issued the "Special Action Plan for Boosting Consumption", proposing to "develop inbound consumption". In October of the same year, "cultivating international consumption center cities and expanding inbound consumption" was written into the "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal.

At the beginning of the new year, reporters walked into Tianjin (天津), Chongqing (重庆), and Guangzhou (广州), Guangdong Province (广东省), following the journey of inbound tourists, looking at consumption choices, listening to real feelings, and witnessing China's opening door becoming wider and wider.

Thoughtful Measures
Creating a "No Strangers" Consumption Environment

Nazer had wanted to travel to China a few years ago, but at that time, he had to apply for a visa in advance, which was not only cumbersome but also worried about "plans not keeping up with changes" and being busy for nothing.

Starting from June 9, 2025, China implemented a visa-free policy for ordinary passport holders from four countries including Kuwait. "Just go when you say go", Nazer and his family packed their bags not long ago and flew directly to Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (广州白云国际机场), Guangdong (广东), to start their long-awaited trip to China.

In 2025, China increased the number of countries with unilateral visa-free access to 48 and expanded the number of countries with mutual visa exemptions to 29. The 240-hour transit visa-free policy applied to 65 ports. In that year, 30.08 million foreigners entered the country visa-free, accounting for 73.1% of the total number of foreigners entering the country. Since February 17 this year, China has implemented a visa-free policy for ordinary passport holders from Canada and the United Kingdom, adding new members to the "circle of friends" with unilateral visa-free access.

How can "inbound traffic" be transformed into "consumption increment"? Payment facilitation is an important support.

On weekdays, Nazer is used to paying by card or cash. Before coming to China, he was worried about the inconvenience of payment, but after coming, he realized that his worries were unnecessary.

As soon as he got off the plane, he walked into the Foreigner Convenience Service Center (外国人便利化服务中心) at Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (广州白云国际机场), which is equipped with ATMs that support foreign card withdrawals; in the terminal building, multiple foreign currency exchange points operate around the clock, exchanging more than 40 kinds of foreign currency banknotes such as US dollars and euros; when he left the airport and transferred to the subway, Nazer noticed that his Visa card and other overseas bank cards could be swiped directly at the gate to take the train.

Occasionally needing to take a taxi during the trip, he did not encounter the problem of making change. It turned out that Guangzhou (广州) has launched RMB cash "change packages" for industries such as taxis, including two specifications of 200 yuan and 300 yuan, consisting of a certain number of 10 yuan, 5 yuan, and 1 yuan banknotes. Drivers can quickly exchange them through the "instant exchange" green channel at taxi service stations or commercial bank outlets, facilitating cash payments.

What impressed Nazer the most was the convenience brought by mobile payment. He downloaded and registered the Alipay APP, bound his overseas bank card, and did not need to verify his identity for consumption within a certain amount. "I can scan the code to pay for roasted meat and coffee at street shops, which is too convenient."

Now, Guangzhou (广州) has built a payment service system of "large amount card swiping, small amount code scanning, and cash backup". In 2025, overseas personnel in Guangzhou (广州) consumed more than 35 million transactions through overseas bank cards and mobile payments, with an amount exceeding 11.3 billion yuan, an increase of 57% and 58% respectively year-on-year.

With smooth payments, how can we further ignite the enthusiasm for consumption? The continuous optimization of the departure tax refund policy is playing a "catalytic effect".

In the past, in the "buy and refund immediately" model of individual stores, tourists had to go to each store to apply for a tax refund. In April 2025, the Ministry of Commerce (商务部) and other 6 departments issued the "Notice on Further Optimizing the Departure Tax Refund Policy to Expand Inbound Consumption", encouraging qualified regions to set up "buy and refund immediately" centralized refund points in large business districts, blocks, scenic spots, and other areas where overseas tourists are concentrated.

Tianhe Road Business Circle (天河路商圈) in Guangzhou (广州) has the highest number of departure tax refund applications and sales in the city. Among them, Parc Central (天环广场) has more than 40 departure tax refund stores, becoming the location of the first centralized refund point in Guangzhou (广州).

Here, Nazer bought a digital camera and two mobile phone gimbals, spending a total of 5,395 yuan. After swiping his card to pay, the store clerk directed him to the service desk of the "buy and refund immediately" centralized refund point on the third floor of Parc Central (天环广场). The service desk staff carefully checked the departure tax refund application form, shopping invoices, etc., and processed the credit card pre-authorization procedures for him. In less than 10 minutes, more than 480 yuan of tax refund prepayment was transferred to Nazer's credit card.

"The centralized refund point sets up a service area and is equipped with dedicated personnel to provide one-stop service. It not only saves tourists worry but also facilitates supervision and makes the service more standardized," said Lin Hui (林辉), director of the Second Tax Bureau of the Guangdong Provincial Taxation Bureau of the State Taxation Administration (国家税务总局广东省税务局第二税务分局局长).

The next day, when Nazer left the country, he completed the customs verification and tax refund agency review procedures, and the tax refund process was completed. "If the tax refund agency finds that the conditions for tax refund are not met during the review, it will recover the tax refund prepayment through credit card pre-authorization deduction," Lin Hui (林辉) introduced.

In the past, "buy and refund immediately" services in various places often only covered local port departure businesses. Traveling across cities, the experience is inevitably discounted. In this regard, many places are exploring solutions: within Guangdong Province (广东省), Tianjin (天津) and Beijing (北京), Chongqing (重庆) and Sichuan (四川), Yunnan (云南), Shaanxi (陕西), and Gansu (甘肃) have achieved mutual recognition of departure tax refund "buy and refund immediately" port departures. For example, overseas tourists can choose to depart from Chengdu Tianfu International Airport (成都天府国际机场), Kunming Changshui International Airport (昆明长水国际机场), Xi'an Xianyang International Airport (西安咸阳国际机场), Lanzhou Zhongchuan International Airport (兰州中川国际机场), etc. after shopping and tax refund at Chongqing (重庆) departure tax refund "buy and refund immediately" stores.

In 2025, the number of overseas tourists applying for departure tax refunds in China increased by 305% year-on-year, and the sales of tax-refunded goods increased by 95.9% year-on-year. During the interview, some inbound tourists suggested promoting the mutual recognition policy of departure tax refund ports on a larger scale to further enhance the inbound consumption experience.

Diverse Choices
Moving from Check-in Tours to In-depth Tours

At 7:30 p.m., "Chongqing·1949" (《重庆·1949》) started on time. Wearing translation headphones, the Grieg couple from Russia watched very carefully. This stage play takes the eve of the liberation of Chongqing (重庆) in 1949 as the historical background and tells the story of the Red Rock martyrs who were unyielding in prison and died generously.

"The farewell between mother and son, the unity of brothers... these plot lines are very moving, and the stage design is also very shocking," Grieg was deeply touched, "The arduous journey of the Chinese people's bloody battles made me understand why China can achieve today's achievements."

Today, the inbound tourism market is becoming increasingly mature, and the choices of inbound tourists are becoming more diverse. They are beginning to pursue immersive and high-quality travel experiences, eager to see a real China. The love for Chinese culture is one of the most direct footnotes.

"'Chongqing·1949' (《重庆·1949》) has been performed for more than 4 years and has attracted a large number of foreign tourists. In 2025, it received nearly 80,000 foreign audiences, an increase of about 6 times year-on-year," Huang Ke (黄科), general manager of Chongqing 1949 Performing Arts Culture Co., Ltd. (重庆一九四九演艺文化有限公司), told reporters.

Not only red culture, but also excellent traditional Chinese culture is also deeply loved by inbound tourists.

Canadian Greg has lived in Guangzhou (广州) for many years and recently traveled to Tianjin (天津). He went to a teahouse to listen to crosstalk, strolled through Yangliuqing Ancient Town (杨柳青古镇) to admire New Year paintings, and followed the "Clay Figure Zhang" (泥人张) craftsmen to experience clay sculpture making... "These folk customs and traditional skills all demonstrate the profound heritage of excellent traditional Chinese culture," Greg said.

The love for Chinese culture is being transformed into tangible consumption choices. Online travel platform data shows that in 2025, immersive tourism projects such as intangible cultural heritage workshops and folk performances increased by 300% year-on-year in inbound consumption. During this year's Spring Festival holiday, the number of domestic flights booked using non-Chinese passports increased by nearly 30% year-on-year. Going to China to find the flavor of the New Year and appreciate the customs of the New Year has become a new fashion for many foreigners.

Integrating into the ordinary life of Chinese people is becoming a new way to play inbound tourism - not only indulging in the thousands of years of ancient Chinese elegance, but also wanting to explore the deep secrets of China's rapid development.

At 6:30 in the morning, at a roadside stall, Greg took a freshly baked jianbing guozi (煎饼果子) from the stall owner, golden and crispy, with a fragrant aroma. "I heard that Tianjin people love to eat this for breakfast, so I came to line up," he said while eating, "Tianjin people are very enthusiastic. The jianbing stall owner told me that he gets up at three or four in the morning every day and has been supporting his family with this craft for more than 20 years. Although it is hard, he lives a stable life. This makes me feel the diligence and optimism of the Chinese people."

Steaming jianbing stalls, clean and bright vegetable markets, pocket parks that can be seen everywhere, residents dancing happily in community squares... "It can be seen that most of them live comfortably and are positive. This kind of China is very warm." Riding a shared bicycle, passing through the streets and alleys of Tianjin (天津), the scenes he saw made Greg sigh.

Reporters found in interviews that in many places, the traditional tourism scene of "bus pick-up and drop-off, scenic spot check-in" is gradually being replaced by more lively scenes with a sense of life, opening up a new perspective for inbound tourists to observe China. At the same time, third- and fourth-tier cities and even small towns and villages are becoming popular, becoming another trend in inbound tourism.

Fengjie County (奉节县), Chongqing (重庆), a small city surrounded by mountains and rivers. On the eve of the Spring Festival, James, a British man who has traveled to China many times, took the high-speed train from downtown Chongqing (重庆) to here, "It only takes less than two hours to arrive directly, and the travel is very easy. I heard that the famous Qutang Gorge (瞿塘峡) in the Three Gorges (三峡) is here, and I have long wanted to see this treasure city."

After arriving in Fengjie (奉节), James found that what attracted him was not only the poetic landscape. Here, he can not only stroll through historical sites, but also experience helicopter sightseeing. The combination of tradition and modernity makes the travel experience rich and three-dimensional. In 2025, Fengjie (奉节) received 58,600 overseas tourists, an increase of nearly 2 times year-on-year.

"Small town life is leisurely and peaceful, with a unique charm different from big cities," James said that Fengjie's (奉节) tourism facilities and services are also quite good, with sufficient rest space in the scenic area, complete supporting facilities such as toilets and parking spaces, and a 24-hour tourist service hotline that responds at any time, "I also want to see more small Chinese cities."

During the trip, some foreigners became storytellers of new Chinese stories. During their trip to Chongqing (重庆), the Grieg couple shot and produced many short videos, including the unique "monorail through the building" in Liziba (李子坝) and the staggered overpasses, showing the modern style of the mountain city.

There are many inbound tourists like the Grieg couple. On overseas social media, topics such as "Go to China after work on Friday" and "Go to China with an empty suitcase" are very popular. These personal experiences spontaneously spread by overseas tourists make the lovely, credible, open, and inclusive image of China more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

Business Innovation
Meeting New Needs with New Products

At the intersection of the Jialing River (嘉陵江) and the Yangtze River (长江), the Hongyadong (洪崖洞) folk custom scenic area in Chongqing (重庆) is built on the mountain. Wearing Hanfu (汉服), Malaysian tourist Hong Xinying (洪欣颖) took a set of ancient costumes. These days, she also experienced alpine skiing, visited Ciqikou Ancient Town (磁器口古镇), and took a Three Gorges cruise, with a tight schedule and rich content. Customizing the itinerary for her is travel planner Zuo Peng (左鹏).

"I am the 'general manager' of their itinerary, providing pre-trip consultation, tour guide, and other services," Zuo Peng (左鹏) said that his company already has 5 travel planners for the inbound market; of the more than 10,000 inbound individual tourists received by the company last year, about 30% chose their services.

Why are travel planners so popular? "There are not only more inbound tourists, but everyone is also playing more 'exquisitely'. The same travel routes cannot meet the needs, so travel planners have a larger market," Zuo Peng (左鹏) said, for example, the itinerary plan for the Spring Festival holiday, in addition to classic attractions, will also arrange New Year custom experience activities such as making dumplings and visiting temple fairs.

Hong Xinying (洪欣颖) has carefully calculated an account: although travel planners charge extra, they provide private car pick-up and drop-off services, and there are also discounts on accommodation and scenic spot tickets. Most importantly, the itinerary is completely customized according to the needs of tourists. Overall, it is cost-effective.

The new needs of inbound tourists promote service innovation and more refined service content. On this basis, tourism products are continuously updated, and a batch of new consumption scenarios and new business formats are accelerating.

During this trip, Hong Xinying (洪欣颖) also made a special trip to the Beicheng Tianjie (北城天街) shopping district in Guanyinqiao Business Circle (观音桥商圈), Chongqing (重庆), to purchase a city-limited mug and visit an art-themed exhibition. "Trend culture is the preference of many young people. We create a sense of novelty for tourists every time they come by regularly updating the street scene and launching special events," said Zhou Chengxing (周成兴), operations manager of Beicheng Tianjie (北城天街).

Around the consumption needs of inbound tourists, Beicheng Tianjie (北城天街) has introduced a number of international brand first stores. "Synchronize new trendy items with international metropolises and create a one-stop international consumption destination," Zhou Chengxing (周成兴) said.

Recently, many foreign netizens on social media have posted life clips imitating Chinese people drinking hot water and practicing Baduanjin (八段锦). In response to this trend, Tianjin (天津) launched 10 "Tianjin Chinese Medicine Tour" routes, including more than 30 characteristic attractions, where inbound tourists can experience moxibustion, massage, and hand-kneaded hawthorn pills.

"Before I came, I wanted to personally experience the Chinese way of health preservation. I didn't expect that the travel route was arranged for us, so we just had to set off, which is too considerate," said Polina, a 20-year-old Russian girl, happily at the Tianjin Darentang Health Life Museum (天津达仁堂健康生活馆).

Greg's trip to Tianjin (天津) also had surprises: a French singer he had liked for many years but never had the opportunity to watch a live performance came to give a concert! "Life is so wonderful, I actually saw my idol in faraway Tianjin (天津)!" Greg said excitedly, feeling the charm of the star up close with many fans from all over the world.

In recent years, Tianjin (天津) has launched a brand that integrates culture, tourism, commerce, sports, and exhibitions, such as "Travel with Performances (Events)". In the past 3 years, there have been 128 large-scale commercial performances alone, attracting 2.2 million viewers, many of whom are inbound tourists.

Although many inbound tourists have gained a lot in China, there is still room for improvement in services. Some tourists reported that cross-border after-sales service is inconvenient. The warranty scope of some goods is limited to mainland China. If they need to be returned or repaired, they have to bear the high international shipping costs themselves, and they also face problems such as long cycles and high communication costs.

"This requires the joint efforts of the government and enterprises," said the head of a technology product manufacturing enterprise. Relevant departments should improve foreign-related consultation and complaint channels and build an effective consumption dispute resolution system; enterprises should also explore sustainable cross-border after-sales models to jointly eliminate the worries of inbound tourists shopping and let "China tourism" continue to boost "China shopping".

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Multiple measures to keep the "temporary popularity" burning continuously (Some Thoughts)

By: 王欣悦

Guangzhou (广州) has established centralized refund points for "buy and get tax refund immediately," Tianjin (天津) has launched the "Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine Tour" (津城中医之旅), Chongqing (重庆) has introduced several international brand flagship stores... Many places have introduced innovative measures to boost inbound consumption.

The "15th Five-Year Plan" (十五五规划) proposal suggests cultivating international consumer center cities and expanding inbound consumption. In 2025, the number of overseas tourists handling offshore tax refunds in China increased by 305% year-on-year, and the sales of tax-refunded goods increased by 95.9% year-on-year. Topics such as "going to China with an empty suitcase" have triggered heated discussions on overseas social platforms. How to make inbound consumption go from a "temporary boom" to a "sustained boom"? Institutional supply, product innovation, cultural empowerment... involve all aspects.

Optimize the environment and eliminate the "sense of unfamiliarity" with meticulous service. In recent years, a series of institutional opening-up measures have made it more convenient for overseas tourists to enter the country and shop. However, it should also be noted that the coverage rate of foreign card acceptance by small and medium-sized merchants is insufficient, the connection of cross-departmental processes such as visas, customs clearance, and consumption is not smooth enough, and problems such as "difficulty in getting change" still exist. Only by further clearing blockages and making up for shortcomings, and creating a "familiar" consumption environment, can more overseas tourists be willing to consume, dare to consume, and consume more.

Strengthen supply and shape "attractiveness" with quality goods. China has a complete industrial system and strong supporting capabilities, and can provide a wide range of high-quality goods. This is the basis for attracting overseas tourists to "buy while walking." All localities should further strengthen product innovation, focus on developing high-quality goods that meet international aesthetic standards and highlight regional cultural characteristics, and create a "Made in China" brand.

Expand the depth and enhance the "added value" with profound culture. Going to Guangzhou (广州) to visit the flower market, listening to cross-talk in Tianjin (天津), and eating hot pot in Chongqing (重庆)... experiencing Chinese culture and urban life is becoming a new trend for overseas tourists' "China tours." Further exploring China's outstanding traditional cultural resources and promoting the deep integration of intangible cultural heritage, performing arts, and other industries with the tourism industry will help promote the transformation of tourism from a single sightseeing tour to an in-depth experience, thereby expanding the breadth and depth of overseas tourists' consumption in China.

A "temporary boom" relies on innovative measures; a "sustained boom" requires multiple measures and comprehensive efforts. Promoting the high-quality development of inbound consumption not only injects lasting momentum into China's economy, but also drives the continuous warming of cultural exchanges, allowing overseas tourists to experience a real, three-dimensional, and comprehensive China.

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Editor in Charge for This Edition: Yang Yan, Sun Zhen, Dai Linfeng, Liu Yurui

Layout Design: Shen Yiling (沈亦伶)

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Atomic Energy Law of the People's Republic of China

Order of the President of the People's Republic of China

No. 51

The "Atomic Energy Law of the People's Republic of China" was adopted at the 17th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) on September 12, 2025, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force on January 15, 2026.

President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping (习近平)
September 12, 2025

Contents

Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Scientific Research and Technological Development
Chapter III Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Chapter IV Utilization
Section 1 Application of Nuclear Reactors
Section 2 Application of Nuclear Technology
Chapter V Safety Supervision and Management
Chapter VI Import and Export
Chapter VII Legal Liability
Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 This Law is enacted to ensure the research, development and peaceful utilization of atomic energy, promote scientific and technological progress and industrial upgrading, promote high-quality economic and social development, safeguard national security, and enhance the well-being of the people.

Article 2 This Law applies to atomic energy research, development and utilization activities within the territory of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国).

The term "atomic energy" as used in this Law, also known as nuclear energy, refers to the energy released by nuclear reactions such as fission, fusion, and decay.

Article 3 Engaging in atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities shall adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), implement the overall national security concept, adhere to a rational, coordinated, and progressive nuclear safety concept, adhere to bottom-line thinking and a systematic concept, coordinate development and security, protect the ecological environment, and ensure the safety and health of people and the safety of life and property.

Article 4 The development of atomic energy science, technology, and industry shall adhere to the innovation-driven development strategy and the green development and sustainable development strategies.

The state shall strengthen the overall planning for the development of the atomic energy industry and rationally arrange the overall layout of the atomic energy industry.

Article 5 The nuclear industry主管部门 (Guowuyuan he gongye zhuguan bumen - nuclear industry competent department) of the State Council (国务院), the energy主管部门 (nengyuan zhuguan bumen - energy competent department), and the nuclear safety supervision and management部门 (he anquan jiandu guanli bumen - nuclear safety supervision and management department) shall be responsible for the management and supervision of atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities in accordance with their respective duties.

Other relevant departments of the State Council (国务院) shall be responsible for the management and supervision of relevant atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities within their respective responsibilities.

Local people's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall support atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities within their respective administrative regions and perform corresponding management and supervision responsibilities in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations.

Article 6 Relevant departments of the State Council (国务院) and relevant local people's governments shall, in accordance with national regulations, provide policy support in terms of scientific and technological awards, industrial development, finance, taxes, and fees for atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities.

Article 7 Relevant administrative organs, enterprises, and institutions shall, in accordance with the law, do a good job in information disclosure regarding safety supervision and management, environmental impact assessment, and other aspects of atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities.

For major matters affecting public interests in atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities, relevant administrative organs, enterprises, and institutions shall strengthen communication with the public, solicit opinions from stakeholders, and provide feedback in appropriate forms.

The information disclosure and public participation stipulated in the preceding two paragraphs involving state secrets, commercial secrets, and personal information shall be implemented in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Article 8 The state shall strengthen the publicity and education of atomic energy science and legal knowledge, encourage local people's governments with the conditions, nuclear facility operating units, and other relevant units to build and utilize science popularization venues and facilities, and carry out atomic energy science popularization activities.

Article 9 The state supports the peaceful utilization of atomic energy, encourages international exchanges and cooperation in the peaceful utilization of atomic energy, and promotes the sharing of achievements in the peaceful utilization of atomic energy.

The People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) shall fulfill the obligations stipulated in the international treaties it has concluded or acceded to, oppose and prohibit all forms of nuclear proliferation activities, prevent and respond to the threat of nuclear terrorism, and promote the construction of a fair, cooperative, and win-win international nuclear security system.

Article 10 The state shall strengthen the construction of a standard system in the field of atomic energy and promote and participate in international standardization activities in the field of atomic energy.

Article 11 Units and individuals who have made outstanding contributions to atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with relevant state regulations.

Chapter II Scientific Research and Technological Development

Article 12 The state shall strengthen atomic energy scientific research and technological development, strengthen basic research, explore cutting-edge technologies, promote interdisciplinary integration, encourage independent research and development, strengthen intellectual property protection, strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, and promote the construction of a high-quality professional talent team in the field of atomic energy.

Professional talents in the field of atomic energy shall adhere to establishing morality as the first priority and integrity as the foundation, promote the spirit of scientists, abide by academic and ethical norms, and abide by professional ethics.

Article 13 The state shall establish relevant scientific and technological innovation bases and platforms in the field of atomic energy, strengthen the construction of atomic energy scientific research facilities and scientific research support capabilities, promote the open sharing of scientific research facilities and resources, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

Article 14 The state encourages and supports scientific research and technological development of controlled thermonuclear fusion.

Article 15 The state shall formulate and implement special plans for atomic energy scientific research and technological development, promote the research and development of advanced technologies in the fields of nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear reactors, and nuclear technology applications, and improve the level of atomic energy science and technology.

The special plan for atomic energy scientific research and technological development shall coordinate basic theory, cutting-edge fields, and market application research projects, take into account the relevant development needs of the atomic energy industry, and improve the safety, economy, and sustainability of the atomic energy industry.

Article 16 The state shall publicly solicit suggestions for atomic energy scientific research and technological development needs, issue project application guidelines, and encourage scientific research institutes, universities, enterprises, and other units to carry out atomic energy scientific research and technological development.

The state shall give play to the guiding role of fiscal funds investment, encourage and drive units undertaking or participating in atomic energy scientific research and technological development to increase capital investment, optimize the structure of capital investment, and improve the efficiency of capital investment.

The state supports enterprises in organizing the development of atomic energy scientific research projects, giving play to the main role of enterprises in technological innovation, and supporting the demonstration and application of advanced technologies independently developed by enterprises.

Article 17 The state shall strengthen the connection of scientific and technological planning programs in the field of atomic energy, improve the exchange mechanism of scientific and technological resources and technological development needs, and give play to the role of market allocation of resources.

Article 18 The state shall promote the establishment and improvement of a system for the research, development, and production of equipment adapted to the development of atomic energy, and encourage and support enterprises to form independent research and development, design, and manufacturing capabilities.

Chapter III Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Article 19 The state shall establish a complete nuclear fuel cycle system, implement the recycling of spent fuel, and properly handle and dispose of radioactive waste.

The nuclear fuel cycle system includes links such as uranium (thorium) ore exploration, mining and smelting, purification and conversion, isotope separation, fuel element manufacturing, and spent fuel reprocessing.

Article 20 The nuclear industry主管部门 (Guowuyuan he gongye zhuguan bumen - nuclear industry competent department) of the State Council (国务院) shall be responsible for organizing the preparation of special medium- and long-term development plans for the nuclear fuel cycle, and coordinating nuclear fuel production capacity and layout.

Article 21 Nuclear fuel cycle facility construction projects shall be approved or verified by the nuclear industry主管部门 (Guowuyuan he gongye zhuguan bumen - nuclear industry competent department) of the State Council (国务院) in accordance with the law, and major projects shall be submitted to the State Council (国务院) for approval or verification. Application conditions, approval procedures, and time limits shall be implemented in accordance with national regulations.

Article 22 The state shall strengthen uranium (thorium) ore exploration in accordance with the law, rationally determine the exploration and development order of uranium (thorium) ore and associated and symbiotic mineral resources, and implement protective development.

Article 23 Only units approved by the state may engage in nuclear fuel production and operation activities.

Article 24 The state shall establish and improve management systems for spent fuel storage, transportation, and reprocessing, and comprehensively plan the capacity and layout of spent fuel treatment and disposal to ensure the safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly treatment of spent fuel.

The state shall establish a nuclear power plant spent fuel treatment and disposal fund, and its collection and use shall be implemented in accordance with national regulations.

Article 25 Units engaged in atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities shall minimize the amount of radioactive waste generated as much as possible, and strictly implement classified management and safe treatment and disposal of radioactive waste in accordance with the requirements of relevant laws, administrative regulations, and standards.

The construction of radioactive waste disposal sites shall be adapted to the requirements of atomic energy development.

Article 26 On the premise of ensuring national security, the state allows relevant enterprises in the nuclear fuel cycle industry to effectively utilize the capital market and gradually form a diversified investment mechanism in the nuclear fuel cycle industry.

Chapter IV Utilization

Section 1 Application of Nuclear Reactors

Article 27 The state shall actively, safely, and orderly develop nuclear power, and standardize and promote the comprehensive utilization of nuclear reactors.

The state encourages and supports the application of advanced nuclear reactors.

Article 28 The energy主管部门 (Nengyuan zhuguan bumen - energy competent department) of the State Council (国务院) shall be responsible for nuclear power management and organize the preparation of national nuclear power development plans. Nuclear power development plans shall be submitted to the State Council (国务院) for approval in accordance with the prescribed procedures. Nuclear power plant construction projects shall be approved by the State Council (国务院).

Article 29 The state supports the application of nuclear reactors in power, heating, seawater desalination, hydrogen production, isotope production, and scientific research.

Article 30 The site selection, design, construction, commissioning, operation, and management of nuclear reactors shall comply with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 31 Nuclear facility operating units shall, in accordance with national regulations, accrue nuclear facility decommissioning costs and radioactive waste disposal costs in advance, include them in investment estimates and production costs, and use them specifically for nuclear facility decommissioning and radioactive waste disposal.

The decommissioning costs of nuclear facilities undertaking non-profit tasks shall be borne by the central and local governments in accordance with the principle of dividing fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities.

Section 2 Application of Nuclear Technology

Article 32 The state supports the application of radioactive isotopes, radiation devices, etc. in the fields of industry, agriculture, biology, medical and health, and ecological environmental protection.

Article 33 The nuclear industry (Guowuyuan he gongye - nuclear industry), ecological environment (shengtai huanjing - ecological environment), public security (gongan - public security), health and health (weisheng jiankang - health and health), and disease prevention and control (jibing yufang kongzhi - disease prevention and control) competent departments of the State Council (国务院) shall strengthen the management and supervision of nuclear technology application activities in accordance with their respective duties.

Article 34 The nuclear industry主管部门 (Guowuyuan he gongye zhuguan bumen - nuclear industry competent department) of the State Council (国务院) shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, formulate guidance opinions on the development of the nuclear technology application industry.

Local people's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall take measures to encourage advanced technology research and development, intellectual property protection, and demonstration application of achievement transformation in the field of nuclear technology application, and guide nuclear technology application production and operation units to participate in market competition in an orderly and fair manner.

Article 35 The state shall implement classified management of radioactive sources and radiation devices, and the specific classification methods shall be formulated by relevant departments of the State Council (国务院).

Article 36 Units engaged in nuclear technology application production and operation activities shall obtain corresponding qualifications in accordance with the law and strictly implement the management regulations for radioactive isotopes and radiation devices in all links of production, transportation, sales, use, storage, and disposal.

Article 37 The state shall establish a recycling system for used and obsolete radioactive sources for nuclear technology applications. Radioactive source using units shall return used and obsolete radioactive sources to the production unit, return them to the original exporter, or send them to units with corresponding qualifications for storage and disposal in accordance with national regulations.

The sites where nuclear technology application production and operation units use radioactive sources and the sites where radioactive isotopes are produced, as well as radiation devices that generate radioactive contamination after the end of operation, shall be decommissioned in accordance with the law.

Chapter V Safety Supervision and Management

Article 38 Engaging in atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities must follow the policy of ensuring safety and strictly implement nuclear safety responsibilities in accordance with the requirements of laws and administrative regulations.

Nuclear safety work must adhere to the principles of safety first, prevention first, clear responsibilities, strict management, defense in depth, independent supervision, and comprehensive protection.

The nuclear safety supervision and management部门 (Guowuyuan he anquan jiandu guanli bumen - nuclear safety supervision and management department) of the State Council (国务院) and the nuclear industry主管部门 (he gongye zhuguan bumen - nuclear industry competent department) shall implement nuclear safety supervision of atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities within their respective responsibilities.

Article 39 The state shall establish a supervision and management system that conforms to the characteristics of controlled thermonuclear fusion and promotes the application of nuclear fusion, and implement classified management of fusion fuel and fusion devices (facilities).

Article 40 Units engaged in atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities shall comply with national regulations on radiation protection, protect the safety and health of the public and employees, and protect the ecological environment.

Article 41 The state shall establish and improve a nuclear security system and strengthen the security of atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities.

Units holding or operating nuclear materials, nuclear facilities, other radioactive materials, and related facilities shall carry out security work in accordance with the law to prevent related theft, sabotage, unauthorized contact, illegal transfer, or other acts endangering safety, and prevent nuclear terrorism.

Nuclear facility operating units shall take necessary measures to prevent network attacks, intrusions, interference, and sabotage, respond to network security incidents, and ensure the safe and stable operation of nuclear facilities.

Article 42 Units engaged in atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities involving state secrets shall establish and improve a confidentiality management system in accordance with the law, improve confidentiality protection measures, carry out confidentiality publicity and education, and strengthen confidentiality supervision and inspection.

Article 43 The state shall implement strict control over nuclear materials and establish and operate a national nuclear material accounting and control system.

Units holding, using, producing, storing, transporting, and disposing of nuclear materials shall obtain a nuclear material license in accordance with the law.

Article 44 The state shall strengthen the construction of transportation channels and equipment systems to ensure the transportation of radioactive materials by road, rail, waterway, air, etc.

Relevant departments of the State Council (国务院) shall implement strict supervision and management of radioactive material transportation enterprises and the transportation process.

Article 45 The state shall establish a nuclear accident emergency coordination committee to organize and coordinate national nuclear accident emergency management work, comprehensively formulate national nuclear accident emergency plans, and implement classified management of nuclear accident emergencies.

The state shall establish and improve a nuclear accident emergency reserve fund system to ensure the funds required for nuclear accident emergency preparedness and response work.

Relevant departments of the State Council (国务院), relevant local people's governments, and nuclear facility operating units shall formulate nuclear accident emergency plans in accordance with the law, carry out emergency drills, and do a good job in nuclear accident emergency-related work.

The Chinese People's Liberation Army (中国人民解放军) and the Chinese People's Armed Police Force (中国人民武装警察部队) shall do a good job in nuclear accident emergency-related work in accordance with the regulations of the Central Military Commission.

Article 46 In the event of a nuclear accident, relevant units and individuals must immediately take emergency measures and report in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations. It is forbidden to delay, conceal, or falsely report nuclear accidents.

Chapter VI Import and Export

Article 47 The state shall strengthen the management of import and export in the field of atomic energy, fulfill international import and export obligations and commitments, and ensure the peaceful use of import and export items.

Article 48 The state shall strictly control the export of nuclear and nuclear dual-use items in accordance with the law and implement a licensing system.

The export of nuclear and nuclear dual-use items shall comply with the provisions of relevant national laws and administrative regulations and shall not harm national security or social public interests.

Article 49 The state shall strictly restrict the export of nuclear proliferation-sensitive items such as uranium enrichment facilities and equipment, spent fuel reprocessing facilities and equipment, heavy water production facilities and equipment, and related technologies, as well as materials that can be used for nuclear explosive devices.

The state encourages and supports enterprises to actively and orderly participate in international market development and promote the export of nuclear power and nuclear fuel-related equipment and technical services that comply with relevant national regulations.

Article 50 Nuclear importing units shall strictly implement national laws, administrative regulations, and other relevant regulations on nuclear imports, and fulfill nuclear import commitment obligations.
The nuclear industry authority under the State Council (国务院) shall be responsible for reviewing and handling government commitment affairs related to nuclear imports, and managing safeguard and supervision matters involving nuclear imports. Important safeguard and supervision matters shall be handled by the nuclear industry authority under the State Council (国务院) in conjunction with the foreign affairs departments and commerce departments, and shall be submitted to the State Council (国务院) for approval when necessary.

Article 51. The import and export of radioactive isotopes shall comply with the requirements of catalogs, conditions, and procedures determined by laws, administrative regulations, and other relevant provisions.

Article 52. It is forbidden to import radioactive waste and items contaminated by radioactivity into the territory of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) or transfer them through the territory of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), unless otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

Chapter VII Legal Liability

Article 53. If the relevant departments of the State Council (国务院), local people's governments at or above the county level, and their relevant departments, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commit any of the following acts, the leading personnel and directly responsible personnel who are responsible shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law:

(1) Failing to examine and approve or verify license applications in accordance with the law;

(2) Failing to investigate and deal with illegal acts upon discovery;

(3) Failing to disclose information on atomic energy safety supervision and management, environmental impact assessment, etc., in accordance with the law;

(4) Failing to solicit the opinions of interested parties in accordance with the law on major matters affecting the public interest in atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities;

(5) Other acts of abuse of power, neglect of duty, and seeking personal gain through malpractice.

Article 54. In violation of the provisions of this Law, engaging in nuclear fuel production and operation activities without approval shall be ordered by the nuclear industry authority under the State Council (国务院) to cease production and operation activities, confiscate the nuclear fuel and illegal income, and impose a fine of not less than two times but not more than ten times the market value of the illegally produced and operated nuclear fuel; the leading personnel and directly responsible personnel who are responsible shall be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan, and shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law.

Article 55. If the holding or operating unit of nuclear materials, nuclear facilities, other radioactive materials, and related facilities fails to carry out security work in accordance with the requirements of relevant laws and administrative regulations, the nuclear industry authority under the State Council (国务院) shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, order it to make corrections within a time limit; if it refuses to make corrections or still fails to meet the requirements after the time limit for correction, it shall be fined not less than 1 million yuan but not more than 5 million yuan, its relevant permits shall be temporarily suspended or revoked, and the leading personnel and directly responsible personnel who are responsible shall be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan, and shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law.

Article 56. If a nuclear import entity fails to fulfill its nuclear import commitment obligations in accordance with relevant regulations, the nuclear industry authority under the State Council (国务院) shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 2 million yuan but not more than 10 million yuan; the leading personnel and directly responsible personnel who are responsible shall be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan, and shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law.

If a nuclear export entity violates the provisions of this Law by exporting nuclear and nuclear dual-use items, it shall bear legal liability in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 57. The state shall establish a nuclear damage compensation liability system and handle damages caused by nuclear accidents in accordance with the law and relevant state regulations.

Article 58. For acts that violate the provisions of this Law, if this Law does not stipulate administrative penalties, other relevant laws and administrative regulations shall apply; if property losses or other damages are caused, civil liability shall be borne in accordance with the law; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions

Article 59. The administrative measures for atomic energy research, development, and utilization activities involving military industry, military affairs, and other national defense fields shall be separately formulated by the State Council (国务院) and the Central Military Commission (中央军事委员会) in accordance with the principles stipulated in this Law.

Article 60. If any country or region takes discriminatory prohibitions, restrictions, or other similar measures against the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) in the field of atomic energy, the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) may take corresponding measures against that country or region based on the actual situation.

Article 61. The meanings of the following terms in this Law:

(1) Nuclear materials refer to controlled nuclear materials, including uranium-235 and materials and products containing uranium-235, uranium-233 and materials and products containing uranium-233, plutonium-239 and materials and products containing plutonium-239, and other controlled nuclear materials stipulated by laws and administrative regulations, excluding uranium (thorium) ore and its primary products.

(2) Spent fuel refers to nuclear fuel that has been irradiated in the reactor core and permanently removed from the core.

(3) Reprocessing refers to the process of treating spent fuel from reactors to separate fission products and recover fissile materials.

(4) Nuclear reactor refers to a device built to utilize the energy, neutrons, nuclides, etc., generated by nuclear reactions.

(5) Nuclear technology application refers to the application of non-power nuclear technologies such as radioactive isotopes and radiation devices in various fields of the national economy and social development.

(6) Radioactive isotope refers to a nuclide of a chemical element that has the same atomic number but different mass and can undergo radioactive decay.

(7) Radiation device refers to a device that can generate ionizing radiation only after being connected to a power source, such as X-ray machines, accelerators, and neutron generators.

(8) Radioactive source refers to radioactive material permanently sealed in a container or with a tight cladding, other than materials within the scope of the nuclear fuel cycle of research reactors and power reactors.

(9) Radioactive article refers to a substance in radioactive materials whose radioactivity and specific activity are both higher than the exemption values stipulated by the state.

(10) Radioactive waste refers to waste containing radioactive nuclides or contaminated by radioactive nuclides, the concentration or specific activity of which is greater than the clean release level determined by the state, and which is expected to no longer be used.

Article 62. This Law shall come into effect on January 15, 2026.

(Xinhua News Agency (新华社) dispatch)

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Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Public Security Administration Punishments

Presidential Decree of the People's Republic of China

No. 49

The "Law of the People's Republic of China on Penalties for Administration of Public Security" was revised and adopted at the Sixteenth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on June 27, 2025, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force on January 1, 2026.

President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping (习近平)
June 27, 2025

Contents

Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Types and Application of Penalties
Chapter III Acts in Violation of Public Security Administration and Penalties
Section 1 Acts Disturbing Public Order and Penalties
Section 2 Acts Endangering Public Safety and Penalties
Section 3 Acts Infringing Upon Personal Rights and Property Rights and Penalties
Section 4 Acts Impairing Social Management and Penalties
Chapter IV Penalty Procedures
Section 1 Investigation
Section 2 Decision
Section 3 Execution
Chapter V Law Enforcement Supervision
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution to maintain public security order, safeguard public safety, protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations, and regulate and guarantee public security organs and their people's police to perform their duties of public security administration according to law.

Article 2 Public security administration work shall adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) and adhere to comprehensive management.

People's governments at all levels shall strengthen comprehensive management of public security, take effective measures to prevent and resolve social conflicts and disputes, enhance social harmony, and maintain social stability.

Article 3 Anyone who disrupts public order, endangers public safety, infringes upon personal rights or property rights, or impairs social management, and whose act is socially harmful and constitutes a crime in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国刑法), shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the law; if the act is not serious enough for criminal punishment, the public security organ shall impose public security administrative penalties in accordance with this Law.

Article 4 The procedures for public security administrative penalties shall be governed by the provisions of this Law; where this Law does not provide, the relevant provisions of the Administrative Penalty Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国行政处罚法) and the Administrative Compulsion Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国行政强制法) shall apply.

Article 5 This Law shall apply to acts in violation of public security administration that occur within the territory of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), unless otherwise provided by law.

This Law shall apply to acts in violation of public security administration that occur on ships and aircraft of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), unless otherwise provided by law.

This Law shall apply to acts in violation of public security administration that occur on foreign ships and aircraft where the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) exercises jurisdiction in accordance with international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国).

Article 6 Public security administrative penalties must be based on facts and commensurate with the facts, nature, circumstances, and degree of social harm of the violation of public security administration.

The implementation of public security administrative penalties shall be open, fair, respect and protect human rights, and protect the personal dignity of citizens.

The handling of public security cases shall adhere to the principle of combining education and punishment, fully explain the law and reason, and educate citizens, legal persons, or other organizations to consciously abide by the law.

Article 7 The public security department of the State Council (国务院) shall be responsible for public security administration work nationwide. The public security organs of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for public security administration work within their respective administrative regions.

The jurisdiction over public security cases shall be prescribed by the public security department of the State Council (国务院).

Article 8 If an act in violation of public security administration causes damage to others, the actor or his guardian shall also bear civil liability in accordance with the law in addition to being given a public security administrative penalty in accordance with this Law.

If an act in violation of public security administration constitutes a crime and criminal responsibility should be investigated in accordance with the law, public security administrative penalties shall not be substituted for criminal punishment.

Article 9 For acts in violation of public security administration such as fighting or damaging other people's property caused by civil disputes, the public security organ may mediate and handle the matter if the circumstances are minor.

The mediation and handling of public security cases shall ascertain the facts and follow the principles of legality, fairness, voluntariness, and timeliness, focusing on education and guidance to promote the resolution of conflicts and disputes.

If the parties reach an agreement through mediation by the public security organ, no penalty shall be imposed. If no agreement is reached through mediation or if the agreement is not performed after it is reached, the public security organ shall handle the act in violation of public security administration in accordance with the provisions of this Law and inform the parties that they may file a civil lawsuit with the people's court in accordance with the law regarding civil disputes.

For public security cases falling within the scope of mediation prescribed in the first paragraph, if the parties reach a settlement on their own or reach an agreement through mediation by the people's mediation committee and perform it, and apply in writing for approval by the public security organ, no penalty shall be imposed.

Chapter II Types and Application of Penalties

Article 10 The types of public security administrative penalties are divided into:

(1) Warning;

(2) Fine;

(3) Administrative detention;

(4) Revocation of licenses and permits issued by public security organs.

Foreigners who violate public security administration may be subject to an additional penalty of being ordered to leave the country within a time limit or deportation.

Article 11 Contraband such as drugs and obscene articles seized in the handling of public security cases, gambling tools and gambling funds, utensils for smoking or injecting drugs, and tools owned by the person directly used to commit acts in violation of public security administration shall be confiscated and disposed of in accordance with regulations.

Property obtained in violation of public security administration shall be recovered and returned to the victims; if there are no victims, it shall be registered, publicly auctioned, or disposed of in accordance with relevant state regulations, and the proceeds shall be turned over to the state treasury.

Article 12 A person who has reached the age of fourteen but not eighteen who violates public security administration shall be given a lighter or mitigated penalty; a person who has not reached the age of fourteen who violates public security administration shall not be penalized, but his guardian shall be ordered to strictly discipline him.

Article 13 A mentally ill person or a person with intellectual disabilities who violates public security administration at a time when he is unable to recognize or control his own conduct shall not be penalized, but his guardian shall be ordered to strengthen supervision, management, and treatment. A person with intermittent mental illness who violates public security administration when he is mentally normal shall be penalized. A mentally ill person or a person with intellectual disabilities who has not completely lost the ability to recognize or control his own conduct who violates public security administration shall be penalized, but may be given a lighter or mitigated penalty.

Article 14 A blind person or a deaf-mute person who violates public security administration may be given a lighter, mitigated, or no penalty.

Article 15 A drunken person who violates public security administration shall be penalized.

If a drunken person is in a state of drunkenness and is dangerous to himself or poses a threat to the personal safety, property, or public safety of others, protective measures shall be taken to restrain him until he is sober.

Article 16 If there are two or more acts in violation of public security administration, decisions shall be made separately and the penalties shall be executed concurrently. If administrative detention penalties are executed concurrently, the maximum shall not exceed twenty days.

Article 17 If there is a joint violation of public security administration, penalties shall be imposed separately according to the role played by the actor in the act in violation of public security administration.

Anyone who instigates, coerces, or deceives others into violating public security administration shall be penalized for his acts of instigation, coercion, or deception.

Article 18 If a unit violates public security administration, the persons in charge who are directly responsible and other persons who are directly responsible shall be penalized in accordance with the provisions of this Law. If other laws and administrative regulations provide for penalties for the unit for the same act, those provisions shall prevail.

Article 19 If damage is caused by taking measures to stop an ongoing unlawful infringement in order to avoid being subjected to it, it shall not be deemed an act in violation of public security administration and shall not be penalized; if the measures taken clearly exceed the necessary limit and cause greater damage, a penalty shall be imposed in accordance with the law, but the penalty shall be mitigated; if the circumstances are minor, no penalty shall be imposed.

Article 20 In any of the following circumstances of a violation of public security administration, a lighter, mitigated, or no penalty may be imposed:

(1) The circumstances are minor;

(2) The illegal consequences are actively eliminated or mitigated;

(3) The victim's understanding is obtained;

(4) It is out of coercion or deception by others;

(5) Voluntarily surrendering to the public security organ and truthfully confessing one's own illegal acts;

(6) Having meritorious performance.

Article 21 If a person who violates public security administration voluntarily and truthfully confesses his own illegal acts to the public security organ, admits the illegal facts, and is willing to accept punishment, he may be dealt with leniently in accordance with the law.

Article 22 In any of the following circumstances of a violation of public security administration, a heavier penalty shall be imposed:

(1) There are more serious consequences;

(2) Instigating, coercing, or deceiving others into violating public security administration;

(3) Retaliating against informants, accusers, whistleblowers, or witnesses;

(4) Having been subjected to public security administrative penalties within one year.

Article 23 If a person who violates public security administration is in any of the following circumstances, and administrative detention should be imposed in accordance with this Law, the administrative detention penalty shall not be executed:

(1) Being at least fourteen years old but less than sixteen years old;

(2) Being at least sixteen years old but less than eighteen years old and violating public security administration for the first time;

(3) Being over seventy years old;

(4) Being pregnant or breastfeeding her own infant under one year old.

The actors prescribed in Items (1), (2), and (3) of the preceding paragraph who violate public security administration with serious circumstances and adverse effects, or the actors prescribed in Items (1) and (3) who violate public security administration more than twice within one year, shall not be subject to the restrictions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 24 For minors who are not penalized in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 of this Law or who are not subject to administrative detention penalties in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of this Law, the public security organ shall take corresponding corrective education and other measures in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法).

Article 25 No penalty shall be imposed if an act in violation of public security administration is not discovered by the public security organ within six months.

The time limit prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be calculated from the date on which the act in violation of public security administration occurred; if the act in violation of public security administration is continuous or continuing, it shall be calculated from the date on which the act ends.

Chapter III Acts in Violation of Public Security Administration and Penalties

Section 1 Acts Disturbing Public Order and Penalties

Article 26 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Disrupting the order of state organs, organizations, enterprises, institutions, causing work, production, business, medical treatment, teaching, and scientific research to be unable to proceed normally, and not yet causing serious losses;

(2) Disrupting the order of stations, ports, wharves, airports, shopping malls, parks, exhibition halls, or other public places;

(3) Disrupting the order on buses, streetcars, urban rail transit vehicles, trains, ships, aircraft, or other public transportation;

(4) Illegally intercepting or forcibly boarding or clinging to motor vehicles, ships, aircraft, and other means of transportation, affecting the normal operation of the means of transportation;

(5) Undermining the order of elections conducted in accordance with the law.

Anyone who assembles a crowd to commit the acts prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be detained for not less than ten days but not more than fifteen days, and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan.

Article 27 In national examinations prescribed by laws and administrative regulations, anyone who commits any of the following acts to disrupt the order of the examination shall be fined not less than one time but not more than five times the illegal income; if there is no illegal income or the illegal income is less than 1,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 3,000 yuan shall be imposed; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than fifteen days:

(1) Organizing cheating;

(2) Providing cheating equipment or other assistance for organizing cheating for others;

(3) Illegally selling or providing examination papers and answers to others for the purpose of implementing examination cheating;

(4) Taking an examination on behalf of others or having others take an examination on his behalf.

Article 28 Anyone who commits any of the following acts to disrupt the order of sports, cultural, and other large-scale mass activities shall be given a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Forcibly entering the venue;

(2) Violating regulations by setting off fireworks or other items in the venue;

(3) Displaying insulting slogans, banners, and other items;

(4) Besieging referees, athletes, or other staff;

(5) Throwing debris into the venue and refusing to desist;

(6) Other acts that disrupt the order of large-scale mass activities.

Anyone who is subject to detention penalties for disrupting the order of sports competitions or cultural performances may also be ordered not to enter sports venues or performance venues to watch similar competitions or performances for six months to one year; anyone who violates regulations by entering sports venues or performance venues shall be forcibly removed from the scene and may be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 29 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, he shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Intentionally spreading rumors, falsely reporting dangerous situations, epidemics, disasters, police situations, or intentionally disrupting public order by other means;

(2) Throwing false explosive, toxic, radioactive, corrosive substances, or infectious disease pathogens and other dangerous substances to disrupt public order;

(3) Threatening to commit crimes endangering public safety such as arson, explosion, and throwing dangerous substances to disrupt public order.

Article 30 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days, or fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for not less than ten days but not more than fifteen days, and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan:

(1) Engaging in gang fights or arbitrarily beating others;

(2) Chasing or intercepting others;

(3) Forcibly taking or arbitrarily damaging or occupying public or private property;

(4) Other acts of **寻衅滋事** (xún xìn zī shì - "picking quarrels and provoking trouble," creating disturbances without reason), which groundlessly harass others and disrupt social order.

Article 31 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than ten days but not more than fifteen days, and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, he shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Organizing, instigating, coercing, deceiving, or inciting others to engage in cult activities, secret society activities, illegal religious activities, or using cult organizations, secret societies, or superstitious activities to disrupt social order or harm the health of others;

(2) Using the name of religion or qigong to engage in activities that disrupt social order or harm the health of others;

(3) Producing or disseminating articles, information, or materials that promote cults or secret societies.

Article 32 Anyone who violates state regulations by committing any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for not less than ten days but not more than fifteen days:

(1) Intentionally interfering with the normal operation of radio services;

(2) Causing harmful interference to normally operating radio stations (stations), and refusing to take effective measures to eliminate it after being pointed out by the relevant competent department;

(3) Setting up radio broadcasting stations, communication base stations, and other radio stations (stations) without approval, or illegally using or occupying radio frequencies to engage in illegal activities.

Article 33 Anyone who commits any of the following acts and causes harm shall be detained for not more than five days; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than fifteen days:

(1) Violating state regulations by intruding into a computer information system or using other technical means to obtain data stored, processed, or transmitted in the computer information system, or illegally controlling the computer information system;

(2) Violating state regulations by deleting, modifying, adding, or interfering with the functions of a computer information system;

(3) Violating state regulations by deleting, modifying, or adding data and applications stored, processed, or transmitted in a computer information system;
(3) Deleting, modifying, or adding to the data and applications stored, processed, or transmitted in a computer information system in violation of state regulations;
(4) Intentionally creating or disseminating destructive programs such as computer viruses;
(5) Providing programs or tools specifically used to intrude into or illegally control computer information systems, or knowingly providing programs or tools for others who commit illegal or criminal acts of intruding into or illegally controlling computer information systems.

Article 34: Anyone who organizes or leads pyramid schemes shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Anyone who coerces or deceives others into participating in pyramid schemes shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Article 35: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days, or be fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days, and may also be fined no more than 5,000 yuan:

(1) Intentionally engaging in activities that are contrary to the theme and atmosphere of important national celebrations, commemorations, memorial services, or public sacrifices in the venues and surrounding controlled areas where such activities are held, refusing to listen to dissuasion, and causing adverse social impact;
(2) Engaging in activities that damage the environment and atmosphere of commemorating heroes and martyrs within the protected area of hero and martyr memorial facilities, refusing to listen to dissuasion, or encroaching upon, damaging, or defacing hero and martyr memorial facilities;
(3) Infringing upon the names, portraits, reputations, or honors of heroes and martyrs by means of insult, defamation, or other means, and harming the public interest;
(4) Profaning or negating the deeds and spirit of heroes and martyrs, or creating, disseminating, or spreading speech or images, audio, video, and other items that promote or glorify wars of aggression or acts of aggression, and disrupting public order;
(5) Wearing or displaying clothing or symbols that promote or glorify wars of aggression or acts of aggression in public places or forcing others to wear or display such items in public places, refusing to listen to dissuasion, and causing adverse social impact.

Section 2: Acts Endangering Public Safety and Penalties

Article 36: Anyone who violates state regulations by manufacturing, trading, storing, transporting, mailing, carrying, using, providing, or disposing of dangerous substances such as explosive, toxic, radioactive, or corrosive materials, or infectious disease pathogens, shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 37: Anyone who fails to report the theft, robbery, or loss of dangerous substances such as explosive, toxic, radioactive, or corrosive materials, or infectious disease pathogens as required shall be detained for no more than 5 days; anyone who intentionally conceals the failure to report shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 38: Anyone who illegally carries firearms, ammunition, or controlled instruments such as crossbows or daggers as stipulated by the state shall be detained for no more than 5 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan.

Anyone who illegally carries firearms, ammunition, or controlled instruments such as crossbows or daggers as stipulated by the state into public places or public transportation vehicles shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 39: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days:

(1) Stealing or damaging oil and gas pipeline facilities, power and telecommunications facilities, radio and television facilities, water conservancy project facilities, public water supply facilities, highways and auxiliary facilities, or public facilities such as hydrological monitoring, measurement, meteorological reporting, ecological environment monitoring, geological monitoring, or earthquake monitoring, endangering public safety;
(2) Moving or damaging boundary markers, boundary piles, and other border signs, border facilities, or territorial and territorial sea baseline marker facilities on national borders;
(3) Illegally engaging in activities that affect the course of national (border) boundaries or constructing facilities that impede national (border) management.

Article 40: Anyone who steals, damages, or moves aviation facilities in use without authorization, or forcibly enters the cockpit of an aircraft, shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Anyone who uses instruments or tools that may affect the normal function of the navigation system on an aircraft in use, and refuses to listen to dissuasion, shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Anyone who steals, damages, or moves other public transportation facilities and equipment in use without authorization, or interferes with the normal operation of public transportation vehicles by means such as seizing control of driving and operating devices, pulling, or beating drivers, shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 41: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Stealing, damaging, or moving railway or urban rail transit facilities, equipment, locomotive vehicle parts, or safety signs without authorization;
(2) Placing obstacles on railway or urban rail transit lines, or intentionally throwing objects at trains;
(3) Digging pits or quarrying and extracting sand at railway or urban rail transit lines, bridges, tunnels, or culverts;
(4) Illegally setting up level crossings or grade crossings on railway or urban rail transit lines.

Article 42: Anyone who enters railway or urban rail transit protection networks without authorization, or walks, sits, or lies on railway or urban rail transit lines when trains or urban rail transit trains are approaching, or rushes across railways or urban rails, affecting traffic safety, shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan.

Article 43: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Installing or using power grids without approval, or installing or using power grids that do not comply with safety regulations;
(2) Failing to provide coverings, protective barriers, and warning signs for ditches, wells, and pits at construction sites where vehicles and pedestrians pass, or intentionally damaging or moving coverings, protective barriers, and warning signs;
(3) Stealing or damaging public facilities such as road manhole covers and lighting;
(4) Violating relevant laws and regulations by releasing airborne objects carrying open flames, posing a risk of fire accidents, and refusing to listen to dissuasion;
(5) Throwing objects from buildings or other heights, posing a danger to the personal safety, public and private property safety, or public safety of others.

Article 44: Anyone who holds large-scale mass activities such as sports and cultural events in violation of relevant regulations, posing a risk of safety accidents, and refuses to make corrections or is unable to make corrections after being ordered to do so by the public security organ, shall be ordered to stop the activities and evacuate immediately; the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no less than 3,000 yuan but no more than 5,000 yuan, and may also be ordered not to hold large-scale mass activities for six months to one year.

Article 45: If hotels, restaurants, cinemas, theaters, entertainment venues, stadiums, gymnasiums, exhibition halls, or other places for public activities violate safety regulations, posing a risk of safety accidents in the venue, and refuse to make corrections after being ordered to do so by the public security organ, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be detained for no more than 5 days; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 46: Anyone who violates relevant laws and regulations regarding the management of flight airspace by flying civil unmanned aerial vehicles or aviation sports equipment, or releasing unmanned free balloons or tethered balloons and other airborne objects, where the circumstances are serious, shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Anyone who flies or releases the objects specified in the preceding paragraph and illegally crosses national (border) boundaries shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Section 3: Acts Infringing Upon Personal Rights and Property Rights and Penalties

Article 47: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Organizing, coercing, or deceiving persons under the age of sixteen or persons with disabilities to perform terror or cruel performances;
(2) Forcing others to work by means of violence, threats, or other means;
(3) Illegally restricting the personal freedom of others, illegally intruding into the residences of others, or illegally searching the bodies of others.

Article 48: Anyone who organizes or coerces minors to engage in compensated escort activities such as accompanying drinking or singing in business premises unsuitable for minors shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 49: Anyone who coerces, deceives, or uses others to beg shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 2,000 yuan.

Anyone who repeatedly harasses, forcibly demands, or begs in other ways that disturb others shall be detained for no more than 5 days or given a warning.

Article 50: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Writing threatening letters or threatening the personal safety of others by other means;
(2) Publicly insulting others or fabricating facts to defame others;
(3) Fabricating facts to falsely accuse and frame others, attempting to subject them to criminal prosecution or administrative penalties for public security;
(4) Threatening, insulting, beating, or retaliating against witnesses and their close relatives;
(5) Repeatedly sending obscene, insulting, or threatening information, or interfering with the normal lives of others by means of harassment, entanglement, or stalking;
(6) Peeping, secretly photographing, eavesdropping, or disseminating the privacy of others.

In addition to being punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph for harassment, entanglement, or stalking behaviors as stipulated in item (5) of the preceding paragraph, with the approval of the person in charge of the public security organ, they may be ordered to prohibit contact with the victim for a certain period of time. Anyone who violates the prohibition of contact shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 51: Anyone who beats others or intentionally injures the bodies of others shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no less than 500 yuan but no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 2,000 yuan:

(1) Beating or injuring others in gangs;
(2) Beating or injuring persons with disabilities, pregnant women, persons under the age of fourteen, or persons over the age of seventy;
(3) Repeatedly beating or injuring others, or beating or injuring multiple persons at one time.

Article 52: Anyone who molests others shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days; anyone who molests mentally ill persons, persons with intellectual disabilities, persons under the age of fourteen, or where there are other serious circumstances, shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Anyone who intentionally exposes the private parts of their body in public places shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are egregious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 53: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no more than 5 days or given a warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Abusing family members, where the abused person or their guardian requests handling;
(2) Abusing persons under guardianship or care by persons who have guardianship or care responsibilities for minors, the elderly, the sick, or persons with disabilities;
(3) Abandoning dependents who do not have the ability to live independently.

Article 54: Anyone who engages in forced buying and selling of goods, forcing others to provide services, or forcing others to accept services shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no less than 3,000 yuan but no more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 55: Anyone who incites ethnic hatred or ethnic discrimination, or publishes content of ethnic discrimination or insult in publications or information networks, shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 56: Anyone who sells or provides personal information to others in violation of relevant state regulations shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days.

Anyone who steals or illegally obtains personal information by other means shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 57: Anyone who falsely claims, conceals, destroys, resells, privately opens, or illegally inspects the mail or express delivery of others shall be given a warning or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 58: Anyone who steals, defrauds, loots, snatches, or extorts shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days or fined no more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 59: Anyone who intentionally damages public or private property shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 60: Where student bullying is carried out by means of beating, insult, intimidation, etc., and violates public security administration, the public security organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency" (中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法), impose public security administration penalties and take corresponding corrective education measures.

Where a school violates relevant laws and regulations by knowingly failing to report or handle serious student bullying or knowingly failing to report or handle other crimes that infringe upon minor students, it shall be ordered to make corrections, and the relevant departments shall be advised to impose sanctions on the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel in accordance with the law.

Section 4: Acts Endangering Social Management and Penalties

Article 61: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Refusing to implement decisions or orders lawfully issued by the People's Government (人民政府) in emergency situations;
(2) Obstructing state organ personnel from performing their duties in accordance with the law;
(3) Obstructing the passage of fire trucks, ambulances, engineering rescue vehicles, or police cars performing emergency tasks, or special vessels performing the above-mentioned emergency tasks;
(4) Forcibly breaking through cordons, restricted areas, or checkpoints set up by public security organs.

Anyone who obstructs the People's Police (人民警察) from performing their duties in accordance with the law shall be given a heavier punishment.

Article 62: Anyone who impersonates state organ personnel to swindle and deceive shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Anyone who impersonates military or police personnel to swindle and deceive shall be given a heavier punishment.

Anyone who steals or misuses the identity or name of an individual or organization, or swindles and deceives under other false identities, shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 63: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan:

(1) Forging, altering, or trading official documents, certificates, certifying documents, or seals of state organs, people's organizations, enterprises, institutions, or other organizations;
(2) Renting or lending official documents, certificates, certifying documents, or seals of state organs, people's organizations, enterprises, institutions, or other organizations for others to use illegally;
(III) Buying, selling, or using forged or altered official documents, certificates, certifying documents, or seals of state organs, people's organizations, enterprises, public institutions, or other organizations;

(IV) Forging, altering, or reselling train tickets, boat tickets, airline tickets, tickets for cultural performances, admission tickets for sports events, or other valuable tickets or vouchers;

(V) Forging or altering ship registration plates, buying, selling, or using forged or altered ship registration plates, or altering ship engine numbers.

Article 64 If a ship enters or berths without authorization in waters or islands that are prohibited or restricted by the state, the person in charge of the ship and relevant responsible personnel shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not more than five days and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan.

Article 65 Whoever commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan:

(I) Violating state regulations, engaging in activities in the name of social organizations, foundations, social service agencies, or other social organizations without registration, and continuing to engage in activities after being banned;

(II) Social organizations, foundations, social service agencies, or other social organizations that have had their registration revoked or their registration certificates revoked according to law, continuing to engage in activities in the name of the original social organization;

(III) Operating without permission an industry that requires permission from the public security organs according to state regulations.

Those who commit the act in item (III) of the preceding paragraph shall be banned. If the act is committed again within one year of being banned, they shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

If an operator who has obtained a permit from the public security organ violates relevant state management regulations and the circumstances are serious, the public security organ may revoke the permit.

Article 66 Inciting or planning illegal assemblies, parades, or demonstrations and refusing to listen to dissuasion shall be subject to detention for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days.

Article 67 Those engaged in hotel business activities who fail to register the names, types, and numbers of valid identity documents of lodging personnel as required, or who provide lodging services to persons with unknown identities or who refuse to register their identity information, shall be fined not less than 500 yuan and not more than 1,000 yuan for the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel; if the circumstances are relatively minor, a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan shall be imposed.

If the aforementioned act is carried out, hindering the progress of counter-terrorism work, and violating the provisions of the "Anti-Terrorism Law of the People's Republic of China" (《中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法》), punishment shall be imposed in accordance with its provisions.

Those engaged in hotel business activities who commit any of the following acts shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan for the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not more than five days and may also be fined not more than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan:

(I) Knowingly failing to stop lodging personnel from bringing dangerous substances into the lodging area in violation of regulations;

(II) Knowingly failing to report to the public security organ that lodging personnel are criminal suspects or persons wanted by the public security organ;

(III) Knowingly failing to report to the public security organ that lodging personnel are using the hotel to carry out criminal activities.

Article 68 A lessor of a house who leases the house to a person with an unknown identity or who refuses to register identity information, or who fails to register the lessee's name, type, and number of valid identity documents as required, shall be fined not less than 500 yuan and not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan shall be imposed.

If a lessor of a house knowingly fails to report to the public security organ that the lessee is using the leased house to carry out criminal activities, they shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not more than five days and may also be fined not less than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 69 If operators of entertainment venues and industries such as seal engraving, motor vehicle repair, and scrapped motor vehicle recycling violate laws and regulations regarding the requirement to register information and fail to register information, they shall be given a warning; if they refuse to correct the situation or cause consequences, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 70 Illegally installing, using, or providing special equipment for eavesdropping or surreptitious photography shall be subject to detention for not more than five days or a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and shall also be fined not less than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 71 Whoever commits any of the following acts shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan:

(I) Pawnbrokers who accept pawned items without verifying relevant certificates or completing registration procedures, or who, in violation of state regulations, fail to report to the public security organ when they know that the person is a criminal suspect or the item is stolen goods;

(II) Violating state regulations by purchasing discarded special equipment for railways, oil fields, power supply, telecommunications, mines, water conservancy, surveying, and urban public facilities;

(III) Purchasing stolen goods or items suspected of being stolen goods that have been reported by the public security organ for investigation;

(IV) Purchasing other items that the state prohibits from being purchased.

Article 72 Whoever commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, a warning or a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan shall be imposed:

(I) Hiding, transferring, selling, using without authorization, or damaging property that has been legally seized, sealed up, frozen, detained, or registered for safekeeping by administrative law enforcement agencies;

(II) Forging, concealing, or destroying evidence or providing false testimony or falsely reporting a case, affecting the lawful handling of the case by administrative law enforcement agencies;

(III) Knowingly harboring, transferring, or selling stolen goods on behalf of others;

(IV) A criminal who is legally subject to control, deprived of political rights, or on probation or temporarily serving his sentence outside prison, or a person who has been legally subjected to criminal compulsory measures, who violates laws, administrative regulations, or the supervisory and management regulations of relevant departments of the State Council (国务院).

Article 73 Whoever commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:

(I) Violating a prohibition order or occupational ban decision in a criminal judgment of the People's Court (人民法院);

(II) Refusing to implement a prohibition of domestic violence warning letter or a prohibition of sexual harassment warning letter issued by the public security organ in accordance with the "Anti-Domestic Violence Law of the People's Republic of China" (《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》) or the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women" (《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》);

(III) Violating the protective measures taken by the supervisory organ in supervisory work or by the judicial organ in criminal proceedings to prohibit contact with witnesses, expert witnesses, victims, and their close relatives.

Article 74 A person who is legally detained for violating the law and escapes shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Article 75 Whoever commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or fined not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and shall also be fined not less than 500 yuan and not more than 1,000 yuan:

(I) Deliberately damaging cultural relics and scenic spots and historical sites protected by the state by carving, graffiti, or other means;

(II) Violating state regulations by carrying out blasting, drilling, excavation, and other activities near cultural relics protection units, endangering the safety of cultural relics.

Article 76 Whoever commits any of the following acts shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan:

(I) Stealing another person's motor vehicle;

(II) Driving or stealing another person's aircraft or motor vessel without obtaining a driver's license.

Article 77 Whoever commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan:

(I) Deliberately destroying or defiling another person's grave or destroying or discarding another person's remains or ashes;

(II) Parking a corpse in a public place or affecting the normal life and work order of others due to the parking of a corpse, and refusing to listen to dissuasion.

Article 78 Whoever engages in prostitution or whoring shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Soliciting prostitution in a public place shall be subject to detention for not more than five days or a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 79 Whoever induces, harbors, or introduces others to engage in prostitution shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan.

Article 80 Whoever produces, transports, reproduces, sells, or leases obscene books, pictures, films, audio-visual products, or other obscene articles, or uses information networks, telephones, or other communication tools to disseminate obscene information, shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan.

If the obscene articles or obscene information stipulated in the preceding paragraph involve minors, a heavier punishment shall be imposed.

Article 81 Whoever commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan:

(I) Organizing the playing of obscene audio-visual materials;

(II) Organizing or performing obscene performances;

(III) Participating in group licentious activities.

Whoever knowingly provides conditions for others to engage in the activities in the preceding paragraph shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Whoever organizes minors to engage in the activities in the first paragraph shall be given a heavier punishment.

Article 82 Whoever provides conditions for gambling for profit, or participates in gambling with a relatively large amount of gambling funds, shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 83 Whoever commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan:

(I) Illegally planting less than 500 poppy plants or other small amounts of drug-producing plants;

(II) Illegally buying, selling, transporting, carrying, or possessing small amounts of unsterilized poppy or other drug-producing plant seeds or seedlings;

(III) Illegally transporting, buying, selling, storing, or using small amounts of poppy shells.

If the act in item (I) of the preceding paragraph is committed and the plants are voluntarily removed before they mature, no punishment shall be imposed.

Article 84 Whoever commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan:

(I) Illegally possessing less than 200 grams of opium, less than 10 grams of heroin or methamphetamine, or other small amounts of drugs;

(II) Providing drugs to others;

(III) Smoking or injecting drugs;

(IV) Coercing or deceiving medical personnel into prescribing narcotic drugs or psychotropic drugs.

Whoever gathers people to smoke or inject drugs, the principal offenders and organizers shall be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Those who smoke or inject drugs may also be ordered not to enter entertainment venues or to contact persons involved in drug-related illegal and criminal activities without authorization for six months to one year. Those who violate the regulations shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 85 Whoever induces, abets, deceives, or coerces others to smoke or inject drugs shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Whoever harbors others to smoke or inject drugs or introduces the buying and selling of drugs shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 86 Whoever violates state regulations by illegally producing, operating, purchasing, or transporting raw materials or ingredients used to manufacture drugs shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Article 87 Personnel of units such as the hotel industry, food service industry, cultural and entertainment industry, and taxi industry who tip off persons engaged in illegal and criminal activities when public security organs investigate and deal with drug use, gambling, prostitution, and whoring activities, or who provide conditions for the above activities in other ways, shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan.

Article 88 Whoever violates laws and regulations on the prevention and control of social life noise pollution, generates social life noise, and continues to disturb the normal life, work, and study of others after being dissuaded, mediated, and dealt with by grassroots mass autonomous organizations, owners' committees, property service personnel, and relevant departments in accordance with the law, shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 89 Whoever raises animals and disturbs the normal life of others shall be given a warning; if they fail to correct the situation after being warned, or if they allow animals to intimidate others, they shall be fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Whoever violates relevant laws, regulations, and rules by selling or raising dangerous animals such as fierce dogs shall be given a warning; if they fail to correct the situation after being warned, or if the animals injure others, they shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Whoever fails to take safety measures for animals, causing the animals to injure others, shall be fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Whoever drives animals to injure others shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 51 of this Law.

Chapter IV  Procedure for Punishment

Section 1  Investigation

Article 90 The public security organ shall immediately file a case and conduct an investigation into reports, accusations, or reports, or when a person who violates the administration of public security voluntarily surrenders, as well as cases of violation of the administration of public security transferred by other state organs; if it believes that the act does not constitute a violation of the administration of public security, it shall inform the person who reported the case, the accuser, the reporter, and the person who surrendered, and explain the reasons.

Article 91 The investigation of public security cases by public security organs and their people's police shall be carried out in accordance with the law. It is strictly forbidden to obtain evidence by torture to extract confessions or by using illegal means such as threats, inducements, or deception.

Evidence obtained by illegal means shall not be used as the basis for punishment.

Article 92 When handling public security cases, public security organs have the right to collect and obtain evidence from relevant units and individuals. Relevant units and individuals shall provide evidence truthfully.

When collecting and obtaining evidence from relevant units and individuals, the public security organ shall inform them that they must provide evidence truthfully, and the legal responsibility they shall bear for forging, concealing, or destroying evidence or providing false testimony.

Article 93 Physical evidence, documentary evidence, audio-visual materials, electronic data, and other evidentiary materials collected in accordance with the law during the handling of criminal cases and by other law enforcement agencies before transferring the cases may be used as evidence in public security cases.

Article 94 Public security organs and their people's police shall keep confidential state secrets, trade secrets, personal privacy, or personal information involved in the handling of public security cases.

Article 95 People's police shall recuse themselves when handling public security cases if any of the following circumstances exist; persons who violate the administration of public security, victims, or their legal representatives also have the right to request them to recuse themselves:

(I) They are parties to the case or close relatives of the parties;

(II) They or their close relatives have an interest in the case;

(III) They have other relationships with the parties to the case that may affect the fair handling of the case.
The recusal of a police officer shall be decided by the public security organ to which he/she belongs; the recusal of the person in charge of the public security organ shall be decided by the public security organ at the next higher level.
Article 96 Where it is necessary to summon a person who violates the administration of public security to accept investigation, a summons shall be used after approval by the person in charge of the handling department of the public security organ. For a person who violates the administration of public security found at the scene, the people's police may summon him orally after presenting the people's police certificate, but it shall be noted in the interrogation record.
The public security organ shall inform the summoned person of the reasons and basis for the summons. A person who refuses to accept the summons without justified reason or evades the summons may be forcibly summoned with the approval of the person in charge of the handling department of the public security organ.
Article 97 After summoning a person who violates the administration of public security, the public security organ shall promptly interrogate and verify the facts, and the time for interrogation and verification shall not exceed eight hours; if the number of people involved is large and the identity of the person who violates the administration of public security is unknown, the time for interrogation and verification shall not exceed twelve hours; if the situation is complicated and administrative detention may be applicable in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the time for interrogation and verification shall not exceed twenty-four hours. When interrogating a person who violates the administration of public security at the law enforcement and case-handling site, the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
The public security organ shall promptly notify the family members of the summoned person of the reasons for the summons and the place of detention.
During the interrogation and verification period, the public security organ shall ensure the legitimate needs of the person who violates the administration of public security, such as diet and necessary rest time.
Article 98 The interrogation record shall be submitted to the interrogated person for verification; if he/she is unable to read, it shall be read to him/her. If there are omissions or errors in the record, the interrogated person may propose additions or corrections. After the interrogated person confirms that the record is correct, he/she shall sign, seal or affix his/her fingerprint, and the interrogating people's police shall also sign the record.
The interrogated person shall be allowed to provide written materials on the interrogated matters on his/her own initiative; when necessary, the people's police may also require the interrogated person to write on his/her own initiative.
When interrogating a person who violates the administration of public security who is under the age of eighteen, his/her parents or other guardians shall be notified to be present; if his/her parents or other guardians are unable to be present, other adult relatives, representatives of the grass-roots organizations in the school, work unit, or place of residence, or representatives of organizations for the protection of minors, etc., may also be notified to be present, and the relevant circumstances shall be recorded. If it is indeed impossible to notify or if they fail to appear after being notified, it shall be noted in the record.
Article 99 The people's police may interrogate the victim or other witnesses at the scene, or go to their work unit, residence or the place they propose; when necessary, they may also notify them to provide testimony to the public security organ.
When interrogating the victim or other witnesses outside the public security organ, the people's police shall present the people's police certificate.
The provisions of Article 98 of this Law shall also apply to the interrogation of the victim or other witnesses.
Article 100 If the person who violates the administration of public security, the victim or other witnesses are in different places, the public security organ may entrust the public security organ in another place to conduct the interrogation on its behalf, or may conduct the interrogation remotely through the video system of the public security organ.
If the interrogation is conducted by means of remote video, the interrogation record shall be read to the interrogated person, and after the interrogated person confirms that the record is correct, the interrogating people's police shall note it in the record. The interrogation and reading process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
Article 101 When interrogating a deaf or mute person who violates the administration of public security, the victim or other witnesses, a person who is proficient in sign language or other means of communication shall provide assistance and it shall be noted in the record.
When interrogating a person who violates the administration of public security, the victim or other witnesses who do not understand the local common language, translators shall be provided and it shall be noted in the record.
Article 102 In order to ascertain the facts of the case and determine certain characteristics, injury conditions or physiological state of the person who violates the administration of public security or the victim, it is necessary to conduct a personal examination, extract or collect portraits, fingerprint information and biological samples such as blood and urine, which shall be carried out after approval by the person in charge of the case-handling department of the public security organ. Information or samples that have been extracted or collected shall not be extracted or collected repeatedly. The extraction or collection of information or samples from the victim shall be subject to the consent of the victim or his/her guardian.
Article 103 The public security organ may inspect the premises related to the violation of the administration of public security or the person, articles of the person who violates the administration of public security. During the inspection, there shall be no less than two people's police, and they shall present the people's police certificate.
For the inspection of premises, the inspection shall be carried out with an inspection warrant approved by the person in charge of the public security organ of the people's government at or above the county level; if it is indeed necessary to conduct an immediate inspection, the people's police may conduct an on-the-spot inspection after presenting the people's police certificate, and the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video. An inspection warrant issued by the public security organ of the people's government at or above the county level shall be presented for the inspection of a citizen's residence.
The examination of a woman's body shall be carried out by female staff or a doctor.
Article 104 A written record of the inspection shall be made, which shall be signed, sealed or affixed with fingerprints by the inspectors, the inspected person and the witnesses; if the inspected person is not present or the inspected person or the witnesses refuse to sign, the people's police shall note it in the record.
Article 105 When handling public security cases, the public security organ may seize articles related to the case that need to be used as evidence; property legally possessed by the victim or a bona fide third party shall not be seized, but shall be registered, but articles among them that are related to the case and must be appraised may be seized, and shall be released immediately after the appraisal. Articles unrelated to the case shall not be seized.
For the seized articles, the on-site witnesses and the holder of the seized articles shall be jointly checked to ensure that they are clear, and a list shall be made on the spot in duplicate, which shall be signed or sealed by the investigators, witnesses and the holder, one copy shall be given to the holder, and the other copy shall be attached to the file for reference.
The seizure shall be reported to the person in charge of the public security organ for approval before implementation; if the seizure is implemented on the spot due to emergency or the value of the articles is not large, the people's police shall promptly report to the person in charge of the public security organ to which they belong and complete the approval procedures. If the person in charge of the public security organ believes that the seizure should not be made, it shall be released immediately. If the seizure is implemented on the spot, the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
The seized articles shall be properly kept and shall not be used for other purposes; articles that are not suitable for long-term storage shall be disposed of in accordance with relevant regulations. If it is found that they are not related to the case or are verified to be the legal property of the victim or others, they shall be returned immediately after registration; if no one claims the right to the property or the right holder cannot be found within six months, they shall be publicly auctioned or disposed of in accordance with relevant national regulations, and the proceeds shall be turned over to the State Treasury.
Article 106 In order to ascertain the facts of the case and resolve specialized issues in dispute in the case, personnel with specialized knowledge shall be designated or hired to conduct appraisal; after the appraiser conducts the appraisal, he/she shall write an appraisal opinion and sign it.
Article 107 In order to ascertain the facts of the case, the people's police may allow the person who violates the administration of public security, the victim and other witnesses to identify the premises and articles related to the violation of the administration of public security, or may allow the victim and other witnesses to identify the person who violates the administration of public security, or may allow the person who violates the administration of public security to identify other persons who violate the administration of public security.
A record of the identification shall be made, which shall be signed, sealed or affixed with fingerprints by the people's police and the identifier.
Article 108 When the public security organ conducts interrogation, identification, on-site investigation, and implements administrative compulsory measures and other investigation and evidence collection work, there shall be no less than two people's police.
Interrogation, seizure, identification, or mediation conducted by the public security organ in a standardized and strictly managed law enforcement and case-handling site may be conducted by one people's police.
If interrogation, seizure, identification, or mediation is conducted by one people's police in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video. If the entire process is not recorded simultaneously with audio and video as required, or the audio and video data is damaged or lost, the relevant evidence shall not be used as the basis for punishment.

Section 2 Decision

Article 109 The administrative penalties for public security shall be decided by the public security organs of the local people's governments at or above the county level; among them, warnings and fines of not more than 1,000 yuan may be decided by the public security police station.
Article 110 For a person who is decided to be given administrative detention, the time during which his/her personal freedom has been restricted by compulsory measures before the punishment shall be offset. One day of restriction of personal freedom shall be offset by one day of administrative detention.
Article 111 When investigating and handling public security cases, the public security organ may make a decision on administrative penalties for public security if there is no statement by the person concerned, but other evidence can prove the facts of the case. However, a decision on administrative penalties for public security shall not be made if there is only a statement by the person concerned and no other evidence to prove it.
Article 112 Before making a decision on administrative penalties for public security, the public security organ shall inform the person who violates the administration of public security of the content of the proposed administrative penalties and the facts, reasons, and basis, and inform the person who violates the administration of public security of the rights he/she is entitled to in accordance with the law.
The person who violates the administration of public security has the right to state and defend himself/herself. The public security organ must fully listen to the opinions of the person who violates the administration of public security, and shall review the facts, reasons and evidence put forward by the person who violates the administration of public security; if the facts, reasons or evidence put forward by the person who violates the administration of public security are established, the public security organ shall adopt them.
If the person who violates the administration of public security is under the age of eighteen, the parents or other guardians of the minor shall also be informed in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, and their opinions shall be fully listened to.
The public security organ shall not increase the punishment for the person who violates the administration of public security because of his/her statement or defense.
Article 113 After the investigation of the public security case is completed, the public security organ shall make the following dispositions according to different circumstances:
(1) If there is indeed an illegal act that should be given administrative penalties for public security in accordance with the law, a decision on punishment shall be made according to the seriousness of the circumstances and the specific circumstances;
(2) If no punishment is given in accordance with the law, or the facts of the illegal act cannot be established, a decision not to give punishment shall be made;
(3) If the illegal act is suspected of constituting a crime, it shall be transferred to the relevant competent authority to pursue criminal responsibility in accordance with the law;
(4) If it is found that the person who violates the administration of public security has other illegal acts, the relevant competent authority shall be notified or transferred to handle them at the same time as making a decision on punishment for the violation of the administration of public security.
For administrative penalties for public security for complex or major illegal acts, the person in charge of the public security organ shall make a decision after collective discussion.
Article 114 Under any of the following circumstances, before the public security organ makes a decision on administrative penalties for public security, the personnel engaged in the legal review of the decision on administrative penalties for public security shall conduct a legal review; no decision shall be made without legal review or if the review is not passed:
(1) Involving major public interests;
(2) Directly related to the major rights and interests of the parties or third parties, and after a hearing procedure;
(3) The circumstances of the case are difficult and complicated, involving multiple legal relationships.
Personnel in the public security organ who are engaged in the legal review of the decision on administrative penalties for public security for the first time shall pass the national unified legal professional qualification examination to obtain the legal professional qualification.
Article 115 If the public security organ makes a decision on administrative penalties for public security, it shall make a decision on administrative penalties for public security. The decision shall state the following:
(1) The name, gender, age, name and number of the identity document, and address of the person being punished;
(2) Illegal facts and evidence;
(3) The type and basis of punishment;
(4) The method and time limit for the execution of the punishment;
(5) The channels and time limit for applying for administrative reconsideration and filing an administrative lawsuit if the punishment decision is not accepted;
(6) The name of the public security organ that made the punishment decision and the date of the decision.
The decision shall be affixed with the seal of the public security organ that made the punishment decision.
Article 116 The public security organ shall announce the decision on administrative penalties for public security to the person being punished and deliver it to the person being punished on the spot; if it is impossible to announce it to the person being punished on the spot, it shall be delivered to the person being punished within two days. If a decision is made to give administrative detention, the family members of the person being punished shall be notified in a timely manner.
If there is a victim, the public security organ shall deliver the decision to the victim.
Article 117 Before the public security organ makes a decision on administrative penalties for public security to revoke a license or impose a fine of more than 4,000 yuan or take measures to order suspension of business for rectification, it shall inform the person who violates the administration of public security of the right to request a hearing; if the person who violates the administration of public security requests a hearing, the public security organ shall promptly hold a hearing in accordance with the law.
For a minor who may be subject to administrative detention in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 23 of this Law, the public security organ shall inform the minor and his/her guardian of the right to request a hearing; if the minor and his/her guardian request a hearing, the public security organ shall promptly hold a hearing in accordance with the law. The hearing on cases involving minors shall not be held in public.
For cases other than those stipulated in the preceding two paragraphs that are complicated or have a significant social impact, if the person who violates the administration of public security requests a hearing and the public security organ considers it necessary, a hearing shall be held in a timely manner in accordance with the law.
The public security organ shall not increase the punishment for the person who violates the administration of public security because he/she requests a hearing.
Article 118 The time limit for the public security organ to handle public security cases shall not exceed 30 days from the date of filing the case; if the case is major or complicated, it may be extended by 30 days with the approval of the public security organ at the next higher level. The time limit may be extended for a maximum of two times. If a case handled by a public security police station needs to be extended, it shall be approved by the public security organ to which it belongs.
The period for appraisal and the period for hearing in order to ascertain the facts of the case shall not be included in the time limit for handling public security cases.
Article 119 If the facts of the violation of the administration of public security are clear and the evidence is conclusive, a decision on administrative penalties for public security may be made on the spot for a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan.
Article 120 When making a decision on administrative penalties for public security on the spot, the people's police shall present the people's police certificate to the person who violates the administration of public security and fill out the punishment decision. The punishment decision shall be delivered to the person being punished on the spot; if there is a victim, the decision shall also be delivered to the victim.
The punishment decision stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall state the name of the person being punished, the illegal act, the basis for the punishment, the amount of the fine, the time, the place, and the name of the public security organ, and shall be signed or sealed by the people's police handling the case.
If the on-the-spot punishment is applicable and the person being punished has no objection to the content of the proposed administrative penalties and the facts, reasons, and basis, the decision on administrative penalties for public security may be made by one people's police, and the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
If a decision on administrative penalties for public security is made on the spot, the people's police handling the case shall report to the public security organ to which they belong for the record within 24 hours.
Article 121 If the person being punished or the victim is not satisfied with the decision on administrative penalties for public security made by the public security organ in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the decision on confiscation or recovery, or the relevant restrictive or prohibitive measures taken, he/she may apply for administrative reconsideration or file an administrative lawsuit in accordance with the law.

Section 3 Execution

Article 122 A person who is decided to be given administrative detention shall be sent to the detention center for execution by the public security organ that made the decision; upon expiration of the execution period, the detention center shall release the detention on time and issue a certificate of release from detention.
If a person who is decided to be given administrative detention is captured in another place or there are other circumstances in which it is necessary to execute the detention in a detention center in another place, it may be executed in another place with the approval of the competent public security organ of the detention center in another place.
Article 123 A person who is subject to a fine shall pay the fine to the designated bank or through the electronic payment system within 15 days from the date of receipt of the punishment decision. However, under any of the following circumstances, the people's police may collect the fine on the spot:
(1) The fine is less than 200 yuan and the person being punished has no objection to the fine;
(1) Where a fine of not more than 200 yuan is imposed and the person subject to the penalty has no objection to the fine;
(2) In remote areas, on the water, or in areas with inconvenient transportation, on passenger trains or at ports, where the public security organs and their people's police make a decision to impose a fine in accordance with the provisions of this Law, and the person subject to the penalty has genuine difficulties in paying the fine to the designated bank or through the electronic payment system, as proposed by the person subject to the penalty;
(3) Where the person subject to the penalty has no fixed residence in the local area, and it is difficult to enforce the penalty afterwards if it is not collected on the spot.
Article 124 The fines collected on the spot by the people's police shall be handed over to the public security organ (公安机关) to which they belong within two days from the date of collection; the fines collected on the spot on the water or on passenger trains shall be handed over to the public security organ (公安机关) to which they belong within two days from the date of arrival at the shore or station; the public security organ (公安机关) shall pay the fines to the designated bank within two days from the date of receipt of the fines.
Article 125 Where the people's police collect fines on the spot, they shall issue special receipts uniformly made and issued by the financial departments of the people's governments at or above the provincial level to the person subject to the penalty; if the special receipts uniformly made and issued are not issued, the person subject to the penalty shall have the right to refuse to pay the fine.
Article 126 If a person subject to a penalty of administrative detention applies for administrative reconsideration or files an administrative lawsuit against the decision on administrative detention, he may apply to the public security organ (公安机关) for a temporary suspension of the execution of administrative detention if he is to take an entrance examination, have a child born, or have a seriously ill or deceased close relative. If the public security organ (公安机关) believes that the temporary suspension of the execution of administrative detention will not cause social danger, the person subject to the penalty or his close relatives shall provide a guarantor who meets the conditions stipulated in Article 127 of this Law, or pay a security deposit at the rate of 200 yuan per day of administrative detention, and the decision on administrative detention shall be temporarily suspended.
If a person who is being subjected to administrative detention encounters circumstances such as taking an entrance examination, having a child born, or having a seriously ill or deceased close relative, the detainee or his close relatives may apply for release from the detention center, and the public security organ (公安机关) shall implement it in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. The time of release from the detention center shall not be counted in the detention period.
Article 127 A guarantor shall meet the following conditions:
(1) Not be involved in the case;
(2) Enjoy political rights and not have his personal freedom restricted;
(3) Have a permanent residence and a fixed domicile in the local area;
(4) Have the ability to perform the guarantee obligation.
Article 128 The guarantor shall ensure that the person guaranteed does not evade the execution of the administrative detention penalty.
If the guarantor fails to perform the guarantee obligation, causing the person guaranteed to evade the execution of the administrative detention penalty, he shall be fined not more than 3,000 yuan.
Article 129 If a person who has been decided to be given an administrative detention penalty pays a security deposit and temporarily suspends administrative detention or evades the execution of the administrative detention penalty after being released from the detention center, the security deposit shall be confiscated and turned over to the State Treasury, and the administrative detention decision that has already been made shall still be executed.
Article 130 If the decision on administrative detention is revoked, the administrative detention penalty begins to be executed, or continues to be executed after release from the detention center, the security deposit collected by the public security organ (公安机关) shall be returned to the payer in a timely manner.
Chapter V Supervision of Law Enforcement
Article 131 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police shall handle public security cases in accordance with the law, impartially, strictly, and efficiently, enforce the law in a civilized manner, and shall not engage in **徇私舞弊** (xùn sī wǔ bì - "practicing favoritism and committing irregularities," to engage in corruption), neglect their duties, or abuse their powers.
Article 132 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police shall not beat, abuse, or insult persons who violate public security administration when handling public security cases.
Article 133 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police shall consciously accept the supervision of society and citizens when handling public security cases.
If public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police do not strictly enforce the law or have illegal or disciplinary acts when handling public security cases, any unit or individual shall have the right to report or accuse them to the public security organ (公安机关) or the People's Procuratorate or the supervisory organ; the organ receiving the report or accusation shall handle it in a timely manner in accordance with its duties.
Article 134 If a public security organ (公安机关) makes a decision on administrative punishment for public security administration and finds that the person subject to the punishment is a public official and needs to be given an administrative sanction in accordance with the provisions of the Public Official Political Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China (《中华人民共和国公职人员政务处分法》), it shall promptly notify the supervisory organ and other relevant units in accordance with relevant regulations.
Article 135 When public security organs (公安机关) impose fines in accordance with the law, they shall implement the separation of fine decisions and fine collection in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations; the fines collected shall be turned over to the State Treasury in full, and shall not be returned or returned in disguised form, and shall not be linked to funding guarantees.
Article 136 Records of violations of public security administration shall be sealed up and shall not be provided or disclosed to any unit or individual, except for cases where relevant state organs need to handle cases or relevant units conduct inquiries in accordance with state regulations. The units conducting inquiries in accordance with the law shall keep confidential the information on the sealed illegal records.
Article 137 Public security organs (公安机关) shall perform the duties of safe operation and management of synchronous audio and video recording, improve technical measures, regularly maintain facilities and equipment, and ensure the continuous, stable, and safe operation of audio and video recording equipment.
Article 138 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police shall not use personal information obtained in the process of handling public security cases, relevant information and samples extracted and collected in accordance with the law for purposes unrelated to public security administration and investigation of crimes, and shall not sell or provide them to other units or individuals.
Article 139 If a people's police officer commits any of the following acts when handling a public security case, he shall be given a sanction in accordance with the law; if it constitutes a crime, he shall be held criminally liable in accordance with the law:
(1) Extorting a confession by torture, corporal punishment, beating, abusing, or insulting others;
(2) Restricting personal freedom beyond the time limit for questioning and investigation;
(3) Failing to implement the system of separating fine decisions from fine collection or failing to turn over the confiscated property to the State Treasury or dispose of it in accordance with the law;
(4) Privately dividing, encroaching on, misappropriating, or intentionally damaging the confiscated, recovered, or seized property;
(5) Using or failing to return the property of the victim in a timely manner in violation of regulations;
(6) Failing to return the security deposit in a timely manner in violation of regulations;
(7) Taking advantage of his position to accept property from others or seeking other benefits;
(8) Collecting fines on the spot without issuing special receipts or failing to truthfully fill in the amount of the fine;
(9) Failing to dispatch the police in a timely manner after receiving an alarm requesting to stop an act that violates public security administration;
(10) Providing information to perpetrators of illegal and criminal acts when investigating and handling activities that violate public security administration;
(11) Disclosing work secrets or other information that should be kept confidential in accordance with the law in the process of handling public security cases;
(12) Using personal information obtained in the process of handling public security cases, relevant information and samples extracted and collected in accordance with the law for purposes unrelated to public security administration and investigation of crimes, or selling or providing them to other units or individuals;
(13) Editing, deleting, damaging, or losing synchronous audio and video recording materials for handling public security cases;
(14) Other circumstances of **徇私舞弊** (xùn sī wǔ bì - "practicing favoritism and committing irregularities," to engage in corruption), neglecting duties, abusing powers, and failing to perform statutory duties in accordance with the law.
If a public security organ (公安机关) handling a public security case has any of the acts listed in the preceding paragraph, the leading personnel and directly responsible personnel who are responsible shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law.
Article 140 If a public security organ (公安机关) and its people's police illegally exercise their powers and infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, and other organizations, they shall apologize; if damage is caused, they shall bear the liability for compensation in accordance with the law.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 141 Where other laws stipulate that administrative detention shall be imposed by the public security organ (公安机关), the procedures for punishment shall apply to the provisions of this Law.
Where public security organs (公安机关) impose penalties in accordance with laws and administrative regulations directly related to public safety and social public security order, such as the Gun Control Law of the People's Republic of China (《中华人民共和国枪支管理法》) and the Regulations on the Safety Management of Civil Explosive Articles (《民用爆炸物品安全管理条例》), the procedures for punishment shall apply to the provisions of this Law.
Where Article 32, Article 34, Article 46, and Article 56 of this Law stipulate that administrative detention shall be imposed, and other laws and administrative regulations also stipulate that fines, confiscation of illegal income, and confiscation of illegal property shall be imposed, the relevant competent departments shall impose penalties in accordance with the corresponding regulations; if administrative detention needs to be imposed, the public security organ (公安机关) shall handle it in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 142 The Coast Guard (海警机构) shall perform the duties of maritime public security administration and exercise the powers of the public security organ (公安机关) stipulated in this Law, unless otherwise provided by law.
Article 143 The terms "above," "below," and "within" used in this Law include the number itself.
Article 144 This Law shall come into force on January 1, 2026.
(Xinhua News Agency (新华社) dispatch)

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Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Public Security Administration Punishments

Presidential Decree of the People's Republic of China
No. 49
The "Law of the People's Republic of China on Penalties for Administration of Public Security" was revised and adopted at the 16th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on June 27, 2025, and is hereby promulgated and shall take effect on January 1, 2026.
President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping (习近平)
June 27, 2025

Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Types and Application of Penalties
Chapter III Acts in Violation of Public Security Administration and Penalties
Section 1 Acts Disturbing Public Order and Penalties
Section 2 Acts Endangering Public Safety and Penalties
Section 3 Acts Infringing Upon Personal Rights and Property Rights and Penalties
Section 4 Acts Impairing Social Management and Penalties
Chapter IV Penalty Procedures
Section 1 Investigation
Section 2 Decision
Section 3 Execution
Chapter V Law Enforcement Supervision
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution to maintain social security order, safeguard public safety, protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, and other organizations, and regulate and ensure that public security organs and their people's police perform their duties of public security administration in accordance with the law.
Article 2 Public security administration work shall adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) and adhere to comprehensive management.
People's governments at all levels shall strengthen comprehensive social security management, take effective measures to prevent and resolve social conflicts and disputes, enhance social harmony, and maintain social stability.
Article 3 Anyone who disturbs public order, endangers public safety, infringes upon personal rights and property rights, or impairs social management, and whose acts are socially harmful and constitute a crime in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国刑法), shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the law; if the acts are not serious enough for criminal punishment, the public security organ shall impose penalties for administration of public security in accordance with this Law.
Article 4 The procedures for penalties for administration of public security shall be governed by the provisions of this Law; where this Law does not provide, the relevant provisions of the Administrative Penalty Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国行政处罚法) and the Administrative Coercion Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国行政强制法) shall apply.
Article 5 This Law shall apply to acts in violation of public security administration that occur within the territory of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), unless otherwise provided by law.
This Law shall apply to acts in violation of public security administration that occur on ships and aircraft of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), unless otherwise provided by law.
This Law shall apply to acts in violation of public security administration that occur on foreign ships and aircraft where the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) exercises jurisdiction in accordance with international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国).
Article 6 Penalties for administration of public security must be based on facts and commensurate with the facts, nature, circumstances, and degree of social harm of the acts in violation of public security administration.
The implementation of penalties for administration of public security shall be open, fair, respect and protect human rights, and protect the personal dignity of citizens.
In handling public security cases, the principle of combining education and punishment shall be adhered to, the law shall be fully explained, and citizens, legal persons, or other organizations shall be educated to consciously abide by the law.
Article 7 The public security department of the State Council (国务院) shall be responsible for public security administration work nationwide. The public security organs of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for public security administration work within their respective administrative regions.
The jurisdiction over public security cases shall be stipulated by the public security department of the State Council (国务院).
Article 8 If an act in violation of public security administration causes damage to others, the actor or his guardian shall bear civil liability in accordance with the law in addition to being given penalties for administration of public security in accordance with this Law.
If an act in violation of public security administration constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law, and penalties for administration of public security shall not be substituted for criminal punishment.
Article 9 For acts in violation of public security administration such as fighting or damaging other people's property caused by civil disputes, the public security organ may mediate and handle the matter if the circumstances are minor.
In mediating and handling public security cases, the facts shall be ascertained, and the principles of legality, fairness, voluntariness, and timeliness shall be followed, with emphasis on education and guidance to promote the resolution of conflicts and disputes.
If the parties reach an agreement through mediation by the public security organ, no penalty shall be imposed. If no agreement is reached through mediation or the agreement is not performed after it is reached, the public security organ shall handle the act in violation of public security administration in accordance with the provisions of this Law and inform the parties that they may file a civil lawsuit with the people's court in accordance with the law regarding civil disputes.
For public security cases falling within the scope of mediation stipulated in the first paragraph, if the parties reach a settlement on their own or reach an agreement through mediation by the people's mediation committee and perform it, and apply in writing for approval by the public security organ, no penalty shall be imposed.
Chapter II Types and Application of Penalties
Article 10 The types of penalties for administration of public security are divided into:
(1) Warning;
(2) Fine;
(3) Administrative detention;
(4) Revocation of permits issued by public security organs.
For foreigners who violate public security administration, a time limit for departure from the country or deportation may be additionally applied.
Article 11 Contraband such as drugs and obscene articles seized in handling public security cases, gambling tools and funds, utensils for smoking and injecting drugs, and tools owned by the person directly used to commit acts in violation of public security administration shall be confiscated and handled in accordance with regulations.
Property obtained in violation of public security administration shall be recovered and returned to the victims; if there are no victims, it shall be registered, publicly auctioned, or handled in accordance with relevant state regulations, and the proceeds shall be turned over to the state treasury.
Article 12 A person who has reached the age of 14 but not 18 who violates public security administration shall be given a lighter or mitigated penalty; a person who has not reached the age of 14 who violates public security administration shall not be penalized, but his guardian shall be ordered to strictly discipline him.
Article 13 A mentally ill person or a person with intellectual disabilities who violates public security administration at a time when he cannot recognize or control his own behavior shall not be penalized, but his guardian shall be ordered to strengthen care, management, and treatment. A person with intermittent mental illness who violates public security administration when he is mentally normal shall be penalized. A mentally ill person or a person with intellectual disabilities who has not completely lost the ability to recognize or control his own behavior who violates public security administration shall be penalized, but may be given a lighter or mitigated penalty.
Article 14 A blind person or a deaf-mute person who violates public security administration may be given a lighter, mitigated, or no penalty.
Article 15 A drunken person who violates public security administration shall be penalized.
If a drunken person is in a state of drunkenness and is dangerous to himself or poses a threat to the personal safety, property, or public safety of others, protective measures shall be taken to restrain him until he is sober.
Article 16 If there are two or more acts in violation of public security administration, separate decisions shall be made and the penalties shall be executed concurrently. If administrative detention penalties are executed concurrently, the maximum shall not exceed 20 days.
Article 17 If there is a joint violation of public security administration, penalties shall be imposed separately according to the role played by the actor in the act in violation of public security administration.
Anyone who instigates, coerces, or deceives others to violate public security administration shall be penalized according to his acts of instigation, coercion, or deception.
Article 18 If a unit violates public security administration, the persons in charge who are directly responsible and other persons who are directly responsible shall be penalized in accordance with the provisions of this Law. If other laws and administrative regulations stipulate that a unit shall be penalized for the same act, the provisions thereof shall prevail.
Article 19 An act of stopping an ongoing illegal infringement to avoid being subjected to it, which causes damage, shall not be an act in violation of public security administration and shall not be penalized; if the act of stopping clearly exceeds the necessary limit and causes greater damage, a penalty shall be imposed in accordance with the law, but the penalty shall be mitigated; if the circumstances are minor, no penalty shall be imposed.
Article 20 In any of the following circumstances of a violation of public security administration, a lighter, mitigated, or no penalty shall be imposed:
(1) The circumstances are minor;
(2) The illegal consequences are actively eliminated or mitigated;
(3) The victim's understanding is obtained;
(4) It is out of coercion or deception by others;
(5) He voluntarily surrenders to the public security organ and truthfully states his illegal acts;
(6) There is meritorious performance.
Article 21 If a person who violates public security administration voluntarily and truthfully states his illegal acts to the public security organ, admits the illegal facts, and is willing to accept punishment, he may be leniently handled in accordance with the law.
Article 22 In any of the following circumstances of a violation of public security administration, a heavier penalty shall be imposed:
(1) There are more serious consequences;
(2) Instigating, coercing, or deceiving others to violate public security administration;
(3) Retaliating against informants, accusers, whistleblowers, or witnesses;
(4) Having been subjected to penalties for administration of public security within one year.
Article 23 If a person who violates public security administration is in any of the following circumstances, and administrative detention penalty should be given in accordance with this Law, the administrative detention penalty shall not be executed:
(1) Having reached the age of 14 but not 16;
(2) Having reached the age of 16 but not 18 and violating public security administration for the first time;
(3) Being over the age of 70;
(4) Being pregnant or breastfeeding her own infant under the age of one year.
The actors stipulated in Items (1), (2), and (3) of the preceding paragraph who violate public security administration with serious circumstances and adverse effects, or the actors stipulated in Items (1) and (3) who violate public security administration more than twice within one year, shall not be subject to the restrictions of the preceding paragraph.
Article 24 For minors who are not penalized in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 of this Law or who are not subject to administrative detention penalties in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of this Law, the public security organ shall take corresponding corrective education and other measures in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法).
Article 25 If an act in violation of public security administration is not discovered by the public security organ within six months, no penalty shall be imposed.
The time limit stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall be calculated from the date on which the act in violation of public security administration occurred; if the act in violation of public security administration is in a continuous or continuing state, it shall be calculated from the date on which the act ends.
Chapter III Acts in Violation of Public Security Administration and Penalties
Section 1 Acts Disturbing Public Order and Penalties
Article 26 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(1) Disturbing the order of state organs, organizations, enterprises, institutions, causing work, production, business, medical treatment, teaching, and scientific research to be unable to proceed normally, and not yet causing serious losses;
(2) Disturbing the order of stations, ports, wharves, airports, shopping malls, parks, exhibition halls, or other public places;
(3) Disturbing the order on buses, trolley cars, urban rail transit vehicles, trains, ships, aircraft, or other public transportation vehicles;
(4) Illegally intercepting or forcibly boarding or clinging to motor vehicles, ships, aircraft, and other means of transportation, affecting the normal operation of the means of transportation;
(5) Undermining the order of elections conducted in accordance with the law.
Anyone who assembles a crowd to commit the acts in the preceding paragraph shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan.
Article 27 In national examinations stipulated by laws and administrative regulations, anyone who commits any of the following acts and disrupts the order of the examination shall be fined not less than one time but not more than five times the illegal income; if there is no illegal income or the illegal income is less than 1,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 3,000 yuan shall be imposed; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than 15 days:
(1) Organizing cheating;
(2) Providing cheating equipment or other assistance for others to organize cheating;
(3) Illegally selling or providing examination questions and answers to others for the purpose of implementing examination cheating;
(4) Taking an examination in place of others or allowing others to take an examination in place of oneself.
Article 28 Anyone who commits any of the following acts and disrupts the order of sports, cultural, and other large-scale mass activities shall be given a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(1) Forcibly entering the venue;
(2) Violating regulations by setting off fireworks or other items in the venue;
(3) Displaying insulting slogans, banners, and other items;
(4) Besieging referees, athletes, or other staff;
(5) Throwing debris into the venue and refusing to stop;
(6) Other acts that disrupt the order of large-scale mass activities.
Anyone who is punished with detention for disrupting the order of sports competitions or cultural performances may also be ordered not to enter sports venues or performance venues to watch similar competitions or performances for six months to one year; anyone who violates regulations by entering sports venues or performance venues shall be forcibly removed from the scene and may be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan.
Article 29 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, he shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(1) Intentionally spreading rumors, falsely reporting dangerous situations, epidemics, disasters, police situations, or intentionally disrupting public order by other means;
(2) Throwing false explosive, toxic, radioactive, corrosive substances, or infectious disease pathogens and other dangerous substances to disrupt public order;
(3) Spreading rumors of committing arson, explosion, throwing dangerous substances, and other crimes endangering public safety to disrupt public order.
Article 30 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan:
(1) Fighting in gangs or arbitrarily beating others;
(2) Chasing and intercepting others;
(3) Forcibly taking or arbitrarily damaging or occupying public or private property;
(4) Other acts of provoking trouble by harassing others and disrupting social order without cause.
Article 31 Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days, and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, he shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than 10 days, and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(1) Organizing, instigating, coercing, deceiving, or inciting others to engage in cult activities, secret society activities, illegal religious activities, or using cult organizations, secret societies, or superstitious activities to disrupt social order and harm the health of others;
(2) Using the name of religion or qigong to engage in activities that disrupt social order and harm the health of others;
(3) Producing or disseminating items, information, and materials that promote cults and secret societies.
Article 32 Anyone who violates state regulations and commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than 10 days; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be detained for not less than 10 days but not more than 15 days:
(1) Intentionally interfering with the normal operation of radio services;
(2) Causing harmful interference to the normal operation of radio stations (stations) and refusing to take effective measures to eliminate it after being pointed out by the relevant competent department;
(3) Setting up radio broadcasting stations, communication base stations, and other radio stations (stations) without approval, or illegally using or occupying radio frequencies to engage in illegal activities.
Article 33 Anyone who commits any of the following acts and causes harm shall be detained for not more than five days; if the circumstances are more serious, he shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than 15 days:
(1) Violating state regulations by intruding into a computer information system or using other technical means to obtain data stored, processed, or transmitted in a computer information system, or illegally controlling a computer information system;
(2) Violating state regulations by deleting, modifying, adding, or interfering with the functions of a computer information system;
(3) Violating state regulations by deleting, modifying, or adding data and applications stored, processed, or transmitted in a computer information system;
(3) Deleting, modifying, or adding to the data and applications stored, processed, or transmitted in a computer information system in violation of state regulations;
(4) Intentionally creating or disseminating destructive programs such as computer viruses;
(5) Providing programs or tools specifically used to intrude into or illegally control computer information systems, or knowingly providing programs or tools for others who commit illegal or criminal acts of intruding into or illegally controlling computer information systems.

Article 34: Anyone who organizes or leads pyramid schemes shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Anyone who coerces or deceives others into participating in pyramid schemes shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Article 35: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days, or fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days, and may also be fined no more than 5,000 yuan:

(1) Intentionally engaging in activities that are contrary to the theme and atmosphere of important national celebrations, commemorations, memorial services, or public sacrifices in the venues and surrounding controlled areas where such activities are held, refusing to listen to dissuasion, and causing adverse social impact;
(2) Engaging in activities that damage the environment and atmosphere of commemorating heroes and martyrs within the protected area of hero and martyr memorial facilities, refusing to listen to dissuasion, or encroaching upon, damaging, or defacing hero and martyr memorial facilities;
(3) Infringing upon the names, portraits, reputations, or honors of heroes and martyrs through insults, defamation, or other means, and harming the public interest;
(4) Profaning or negating the deeds and spirit of heroes and martyrs, or creating, disseminating, or spreading remarks or items such as pictures, audio, or video that promote or glorify wars of aggression or acts of aggression, and disrupting public order;
(5) Wearing or displaying clothing or symbols that promote or glorify wars of aggression or acts of aggression in public places or forcing others to wear or display them in public places, refusing to listen to dissuasion, and causing adverse social impact.

Section 2: Acts Endangering Public Safety and Penalties

Article 36: Anyone who violates state regulations by manufacturing, trading, storing, transporting, mailing, carrying, using, providing, or disposing of dangerous substances such as explosive, toxic, radioactive, or corrosive materials, or infectious disease pathogens, shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 37: Anyone who fails to report the theft, robbery, or loss of dangerous substances such as explosive, toxic, radioactive, or corrosive materials, or infectious disease pathogens, as required, shall be detained for no more than 5 days; anyone who intentionally conceals and fails to report shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 38: Anyone who illegally carries firearms, ammunition, or controlled instruments such as crossbows or daggers as stipulated by the state shall be detained for no more than 5 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan.

Anyone who illegally carries firearms, ammunition, or controlled instruments such as crossbows or daggers as stipulated by the state into public places or public transportation vehicles shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 39: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days:

(1) Stealing or damaging oil and gas pipeline facilities, power and telecommunications facilities, radio and television facilities, water conservancy project facilities, public water supply facilities, highways and ancillary facilities, or public facilities such as hydrological monitoring, surveying, meteorological reporting, ecological environment monitoring, geological monitoring, or earthquake monitoring, endangering public safety;
(2) Moving or damaging boundary markers, boundary piles, and other border signs, border facilities, or territorial and territorial sea baseline marker facilities on national borders;
(3) Illegally engaging in activities that affect the direction of national (border) boundaries or constructing facilities that impede national (border) management.

Article 40: Anyone who steals, damages, or moves aviation facilities in use without authorization, or forcibly enters the cockpit of an aircraft, shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Anyone who uses instruments or tools that may affect the normal function of the navigation system on an aircraft in use, refusing to listen to dissuasion, shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Anyone who steals, damages, or moves other public transportation facilities and equipment in use without authorization, or interferes with the normal operation of public transportation vehicles by seizing control of driving and operating devices, pulling, or beating drivers, shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 41: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Stealing, damaging, or moving railway or urban rail transit facilities, equipment, locomotive vehicle parts, or safety signs without authorization;
(2) Placing obstacles on railway or urban rail transit lines, or intentionally throwing objects at trains;
(3) Excavating pits or quarrying and extracting sand at railway or urban rail transit lines, bridges, tunnels, or culverts;
(4) Privately setting up crossings or level crossings on railway or urban rail transit lines.

Article 42: Anyone who enters railway or urban rail transit protection networks without authorization, or walks, sits, or lies on railway or urban rail transit lines when trains or urban rail transit trains are approaching, or rushes across railways or urban rails, affecting traffic safety, shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan.

Article 43: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Installing or using power grids without approval, or installing or using power grids that do not comply with safety regulations;
(2) Failing to provide coverings, protective barriers, and warning signs for ditches, wells, and pits in places where vehicles and pedestrians pass, or intentionally damaging or moving coverings, protective barriers, and warning signs;
(3) Stealing or damaging public facilities such as road manhole covers and lighting;
(4) Violating relevant laws and regulations by releasing airborne objects carrying open flames, posing a risk of fire accidents, and refusing to listen to dissuasion;
(5) Throwing objects from buildings or other high places, posing a danger to the personal safety, public and private property safety, or public safety of others.

Article 44: Anyone who holds large-scale mass activities such as sports or cultural events, violates relevant regulations, poses a risk of safety accidents, and refuses to rectify or is unable to rectify after being ordered to do so by the public security organ shall be ordered to stop the activity and immediately evacuate; the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no less than 3,000 yuan but no more than 5,000 yuan, and may also be ordered not to hold large-scale mass activities for six months to one year.

Article 45: If hotels, restaurants, cinemas, theaters, entertainment venues, stadiums, gymnasiums, exhibition halls, or other places for public activities violate safety regulations, posing a risk of safety accidents in the venue, and refuse to rectify after being ordered to do so by the public security organ, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be detained for no more than 5 days; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 46: Anyone who violates relevant laws and regulations regarding the management of flight airspace by flying civilian unmanned aerial vehicles or aviation sports equipment, or releasing unmanned free balloons or tethered balloons and other airborne objects, where the circumstances are serious, shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Anyone who flies or releases objects specified in the preceding paragraph and illegally crosses national (border) boundaries shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Section 3: Acts Infringing Upon Personal Rights and Property Rights and Penalties

Article 47: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Organizing, coercing, or deceiving persons under the age of 16 or persons with disabilities to perform terrifying or cruel performances;
(2) Compelling others to work through violence, threats, or other means;
(3) Illegally restricting the personal freedom of others, illegally intruding into the residences of others, or illegally searching the bodies of others.

Article 48: Anyone who organizes or coerces minors to engage in compensated escort activities such as providing alcoholic drinks or singing in business premises unsuitable for minors shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 49: Anyone who coerces, deceives, or uses others to beg shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 2,000 yuan.

Anyone who repeatedly harasses, forcibly demands, or begs in other ways that disturb others shall be detained for no more than 5 days or given a warning.

Article 50: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Writing threatening letters or threatening the personal safety of others by other means;
(2) Publicly insulting others or fabricating facts to defame others;
(3) Fabricating facts to falsely accuse and frame others, attempting to subject them to criminal prosecution or administrative penalties for public security;
(4) Threatening, insulting, beating, or retaliating against witnesses and their close relatives;
(5) Repeatedly sending obscene, insulting, or threatening information, or interfering with the normal lives of others by means of harassment, entanglement, or stalking;
(6) Peeping, secretly filming, eavesdropping, or disseminating the privacy of others.

In addition to being punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph for harassment, entanglement, or stalking behaviors as stipulated in item (5) of the preceding paragraph, with the approval of the person in charge of the public security organ, they may be ordered to prohibit contact with the victim for a certain period of time. Anyone who violates the prohibition of contact shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 51: Anyone who beats others or intentionally injures the body of others shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no less than 500 yuan but no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and shall also be fined no less than 1,000 yuan but no more than 2,000 yuan:

(1) Beating or injuring others in gangs;
(2) Beating or injuring persons with disabilities, pregnant women, persons under the age of 14, or persons over the age of 70;
(3) Repeatedly beating or injuring others or beating or injuring multiple people at once.

Article 52: Anyone who molests others shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days; anyone who molests mentally ill persons, persons with intellectual disabilities, persons under the age of 14, or where there are other serious circumstances, shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days.

Anyone who intentionally exposes private parts of the body in public places shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are egregious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 53: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no more than 5 days or given a warning; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Abusing family members, where the abused person or their guardian requests handling;
(2) Abusing persons under guardianship or care by persons who have guardianship or care responsibilities for minors, the elderly, the sick, or persons with disabilities;
(3) Abandoning dependents who do not have the ability to live independently.

Article 54: Anyone who engages in forced buying and selling of goods, forces others to provide services, or forces others to accept services shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and shall also be fined no less than 3,000 yuan but no more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 55: Anyone who incites ethnic hatred or ethnic discrimination, or publishes content of ethnic discrimination or insult in publications or information networks, shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 56: Anyone who sells or provides personal information to others in violation of relevant state regulations shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no more than 5 days.

Anyone who steals or illegally obtains personal information by other means shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 57: Anyone who falsely claims, conceals, destroys, resells, privately opens, or illegally inspects the mail or express delivery of others shall be given a warning or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Article 58: Anyone who steals, defrauds, loots, snatches, or extorts shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days or fined no more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 59: Anyone who intentionally damages public or private property shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 60: Where student bullying is carried out by means of beating, insulting, intimidation, etc., and violates public security administration, the public security organ shall, in accordance with this Law and the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency" (《中华人民共和国预防未成年人犯罪法》), impose administrative penalties for public security and take corresponding corrective education measures.

Where a school violates relevant laws and regulations, knowingly knows that serious student bullying has occurred or knowingly knows that other crimes infringing upon minor students have occurred, and fails to report or handle it as required, it shall be ordered to rectify it, and the relevant departments shall be advised to impose sanctions on the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel in accordance with the law.

Section 4: Acts Obstructing Social Management and Penalties

Article 61: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or fined no more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan:

(1) Refusing to implement decisions or orders lawfully issued by the people's government in emergency situations;
(2) Obstructing state organ personnel from performing their duties in accordance with the law;
(3) Obstructing the passage of fire trucks, ambulances, engineering rescue vehicles, police cars, or special vessels performing the above-mentioned emergency tasks that are performing emergency tasks;
(4) Forcibly breaking through cordons, restricted areas, or checkpoints set up by public security organs.

Anyone who obstructs the people's police from performing their duties in accordance with the law shall be given a heavier punishment.

Article 62: Anyone who impersonates state organ personnel to swindle and deceive shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days.

Anyone who impersonates military or police personnel to swindle and deceive shall be given a heavier punishment.

Anyone who steals or misuses the identity or name of an individual or organization, or swindles and deceives under other false identities, shall be detained for no more than 5 days or fined no more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 63: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for no less than 10 days but no more than 15 days and may also be fined no more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, they shall be detained for no less than 5 days but no more than 10 days and may also be fined no more than 3,000 yuan:

(1) Forging, altering, or trading official documents, certificates, certifying documents, or seals of state organs, people's organizations, enterprises, institutions, or other organizations;
(2) Renting or lending official documents, certificates, certifying documents, or seals of state organs, people's organizations, enterprises, institutions, or other organizations for others to use illegally;
(III) Buying, selling, or using forged or altered official documents, certificates, credentials, or seals of state organs, people's organizations, enterprises, public institutions, or other organizations;
(IV) Forging, altering, or reselling train tickets, boat tickets, airline tickets, performance tickets, sports event tickets, or other valuable tickets or vouchers;
(V) Forging or altering ship registration plates, buying, selling, or using forged or altered ship registration plates, or altering ship engine numbers.

Article 64: If a ship enters or moors in waters or islands prohibited or restricted by the state without authorization, the person in charge of the ship and relevant responsible personnel shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not more than five days and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan.

Article 65: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, they shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan:
(I) Violating state regulations by engaging in activities in the name of social organizations, foundations, social service agencies, or other social organizations without registration and continuing to do so after being banned;
(II) Social organizations, foundations, social service agencies, or other social organizations that have had their registration revoked or their registration certificates revoked according to law and continue to engage in activities in the name of the original social organization;
(III) Engaging in industries that require permission from public security organs according to state regulations without permission.

Those who commit the act in item (III) of the preceding paragraph shall be banned. If the act is committed again within one year of being banned, the person shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

If an operator who has obtained a permit from a public security organ violates relevant state management regulations and the circumstances are serious, the public security organ may revoke the permit.

Article 66: Inciting or planning illegal assemblies, parades, or demonstrations and refusing to listen to dissuasion shall be punished with detention of not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days.

Article 67: If a person engaged in hotel business activities fails to register the name, type, and number of valid identification documents of the lodgers as required, or provides accommodation services to persons whose identities are unknown or who refuse to register their identity information, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined not less than 500 yuan and not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan shall be imposed.

If the aforementioned act is carried out, hindering the progress of counter-terrorism work and violating the provisions of the Anti-Terrorism Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国反恐怖主义法), the punishment shall be imposed in accordance with its provisions.

If a person engaged in hotel business activities commits any of the following acts, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not more than five days and may also be fined not less than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan:
(I) Knowingly failing to stop lodgers from bringing dangerous substances into the accommodation area in violation of regulations;
(II) Knowingly failing to report to the public security organ that lodgers are criminal suspects or persons wanted by the public security organ;
(III) Knowingly failing to report to the public security organ that lodgers are using the hotel to carry out criminal activities.

Article 68: If a landlord leases a house to a person whose identity is unknown or who refuses to register their identity information, or fails to register the name, type, and number of valid identification documents of the lessee as required, a fine of not less than 500 yuan and not more than 1,000 yuan shall be imposed; if the circumstances are relatively minor, a warning or a fine of not more than 500 yuan shall be imposed.

If a landlord knowingly fails to report to the public security organ that a lessee is using the leased house to carry out criminal activities, a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan shall be imposed; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not more than five days and may also be fined not less than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 69: If operators of entertainment venues and seal engraving, motor vehicle repair, and scrapped motor vehicle recycling industries violate laws and regulations regarding the requirement to register information and fail to register information, a warning shall be given; if they refuse to correct the situation or cause consequences, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 3,000 yuan.

Article 70: Illegally installing, using, or providing special equipment for eavesdropping or surreptitious photography shall be punished with detention of not more than five days or a fine of not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and shall also be fined not less than 3,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 71: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan:
(I) Pawnshop staff accepting pawned items without verifying relevant certificates or completing registration procedures, or violating state regulations by failing to report to the public security organ when they know that the person is a criminal suspect or the item is stolen goods;
(II) Violating state regulations by purchasing discarded special equipment for railways, oil fields, power supply, telecommunications, mines, water conservancy, surveying, and urban public facilities;
(III) Purchasing stolen goods or items suspected of being stolen goods that have been reported by the public security organ;
(IV) Purchasing other items that the state prohibits from being purchased.

Article 72: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, a warning or a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan shall be imposed:
(I) Hiding, transferring, selling, using without authorization, or damaging property that has been legally seized, sealed, frozen, detained, or registered for safekeeping by administrative law enforcement agencies;
(II) Forging, concealing, or destroying evidence or providing false testimony or falsely reporting a case, affecting the lawful handling of the case by administrative law enforcement agencies;
(III) Knowingly harboring, transferring, or selling stolen goods on behalf of others;
(IV) A criminal who is legally subject to control, deprived of political rights, or on probation or serving a sentence outside of prison temporarily, or a person who has been legally subjected to criminal compulsory measures, who violates laws, administrative regulations, or the supervisory and management regulations of relevant departments of the State Council (国务院).

Article 73: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(I) Violating a prohibition order or occupational ban in a criminal judgment of a people's court;
(II) Refusing to implement a warning letter prohibiting domestic violence or a warning letter prohibiting sexual harassment issued by a public security organ in accordance with the Anti-Domestic Violence Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法) or the Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法);
(III) Violating protective measures taken by supervisory organs in supervisory work or by judicial organs in criminal proceedings in accordance with the law to prohibit contact with witnesses, appraisers, victims, and their close relatives.

Article 74: A person who has been legally detained and escapes shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the person shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Article 75: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning or fined not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and shall also be fined not less than 500 yuan and not more than 1,000 yuan:
(I) Deliberately damaging cultural relics and places of scenic beauty and historic interest protected by the state by carving, defacing, or other means;
(II) Violating state regulations by carrying out blasting, drilling, excavation, and other activities near cultural relics protection units, endangering the safety of cultural relics.

Article 76: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan:
(I) Stealing another person's motor vehicle;
(II) Driving or stealing another person's aircraft or motorized vessel without obtaining a driver's license.

Article 77: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 2,000 yuan:
(I) Deliberately destroying or defiling another person's grave or destroying or discarding another person's remains or ashes;
(II) Parking a corpse in a public place or affecting the normal life and work order of others due to the parking of a corpse, and refusing to listen to dissuasion.

Article 78: Prostitution or soliciting prostitutes shall be punished with detention of not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the person shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Soliciting prostitutes in a public place shall be punished with detention of not more than five days or a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 79: Inducing, harboring, or introducing others to prostitution shall be punished with detention of not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the person shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan.

Article 80: Producing, transporting, copying, selling, or renting obscene books, pictures, films, audio-visual products, and other obscene articles, or using information networks, telephones, and other communication tools to disseminate obscene information, shall be punished with detention of not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the person shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 3,000 yuan.

If the obscene articles or obscene information stipulated in the preceding paragraph involve minors, a heavier punishment shall be imposed.

Article 81: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan:
(I) Organizing the playing of obscene audio-visual materials;
(II) Organizing or performing obscene performances;
(III) Participating in group licentious activities.

Anyone who knowingly provides conditions for others to engage in the activities in the preceding paragraph shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Anyone who organizes minors to engage in the activities in the first paragraph shall be given a heavier punishment.

Article 82: Providing conditions for gambling for profit, or participating in gambling with a relatively large amount of money, shall be punished with detention of not more than five days or a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Article 83: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 5,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the person shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(I) Illegally planting less than 500 poppy plants or other small amounts of drug-producing plants;
(II) Illegally buying, selling, transporting, carrying, or possessing small amounts of unsterilized poppy or other drug-producing plant seeds or seedlings;
(III) Illegally transporting, buying, selling, storing, or using small amounts of poppy shells.

If the act in item (I) of the preceding paragraph is committed and the plants are removed before they mature, no punishment shall be imposed.

Article 84: Anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be detained for not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the person shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan:
(I) Illegally possessing less than 200 grams of opium, less than 10 grams of heroin or methamphetamine, or other small amounts of drugs;
(II) Providing drugs to others;
(III) Smoking or injecting drugs;
(IV) Coercing or deceiving medical personnel into prescribing narcotic drugs or psychotropic drugs.

Those who gather people to smoke or inject drugs, the principal offenders and organizers shall be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Those who smoke or inject drugs may also be ordered not to enter entertainment venues or contact persons involved in drug-related illegal and criminal activities without authorization for six months to one year. Those who violate the regulations shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 85: Inducing, instigating, deceiving, or coercing others to smoke or inject drugs shall be punished with detention of not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and shall also be fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 5,000 yuan.

Harboring others to smoke or inject drugs or introducing the buying and selling of drugs shall be punished with detention of not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days and may also be fined not more than 3,000 yuan; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the person shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan.

Article 86: Violating state regulations by illegally producing, operating, purchasing, or transporting raw materials or ingredients used to manufacture drugs shall be punished with detention of not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the person shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Article 87: Personnel of hotels, food service industries, cultural and entertainment industries, taxi industries, and other units who tip off perpetrators of illegal and criminal activities when public security organs investigate and deal with drug use, gambling, prostitution, and soliciting prostitutes, or provide conditions for the above-mentioned activities in other ways, shall be punished with detention of not less than 10 days and not more than 15 days; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the person shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not less than 1,000 yuan and not more than 2,000 yuan.

Article 88: Violating the laws and regulations on the prevention and control of social life noise pollution, generating social life noise, and continuing to disturb the normal life, work, and study of others after being dissuaded, mediated, and dealt with by grassroots mass autonomous organizations, owners' committees, property service personnel, and relevant departments in accordance with the law and failing to stop, shall be punished with detention of not more than five days or a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days and may also be fined not more than 1,000 yuan.

Article 89: Raising animals that disturb the normal life of others shall be given a warning; if the person fails to correct the situation after being warned, or allows animals to intimidate others, a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan shall be imposed.

Violating relevant laws, regulations, and rules by selling or raising dangerous animals such as fierce dogs shall be given a warning; if the person fails to correct the situation after being warned, or causes animals to injure others, the person shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Failing to take safety measures for animals, causing animals to injure others, shall be fined not more than 1,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not less than five days and not more than 10 days.

Driving animals to injure others shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 51 of this Law.

Chapter IV: Procedure for Punishment

Section 1: Investigation

Article 90: Public security organs shall immediately file a case and conduct an investigation into reports, accusations, denunciations, or voluntary surrender by persons who violate public security administration, as well as cases of violation of public security administration transferred by other state organs; if it is considered that the act does not constitute a violation of public security administration, the reporter, accuser, denouncer, or surrendering person shall be informed and the reasons shall be explained.

Article 91: The investigation of public security cases by public security organs and their people's police shall be conducted in accordance with the law. It is strictly forbidden to extort confessions by torture or to collect evidence by illegal means such as threats, inducements, or deception.

Evidence collected by illegal means shall not be used as the basis for punishment.

Article 92: Public security organs handling public security cases have the right to collect and obtain evidence from relevant units and individuals. Relevant units and individuals shall provide evidence truthfully.

When public security organs collect and obtain evidence from relevant units and individuals, they shall inform them that they must provide evidence truthfully and the legal responsibility they shall bear for forging, concealing, or destroying evidence or providing false testimony.

Article 93: Physical evidence, documentary evidence, audio-visual materials, electronic data, and other evidentiary materials collected in accordance with the law during the handling of criminal cases and by other law enforcement agencies before transferring the cases may be used as evidence in public security cases.

Article 94: Public security organs and their people's police shall keep confidential state secrets, trade secrets, personal privacy, or personal information involved in the handling of public security cases.

Article 95: People's police shall recuse themselves when handling public security cases if any of the following circumstances exist; persons who violate public security administration, victims, or their legal representatives also have the right to request their recusal:
(I) They are parties to the case or close relatives of the parties;
(II) They or their close relatives have an interest in the case;
(III) They have other relationships with the parties to the case that may affect the fair handling of the case.
The recusal of a police officer shall be decided by the public security organ to which he/she belongs; the recusal of the person in charge of the public security organ shall be decided by the public security organ at the next higher level.
Article 96 Where it is necessary to summon a person who violates the administration of public security to accept investigation, a summons shall be used upon approval by the person in charge of the handling department of the public security organ. For a person who violates the administration of public security found at the scene, the people's police may summon him/her orally after presenting the people's police certificate, but it shall be noted in the interrogation record.
The public security organ shall inform the summoned person of the reasons and basis for the summons. A person who refuses to accept the summons without justified reason or evades the summons may be forcibly summoned upon approval by the person in charge of the handling department of the public security organ.
Article 97 After summoning a person who violates the administration of public security, the public security organ shall promptly interrogate and verify the facts, and the time for interrogation and verification shall not exceed eight hours; if the number of persons involved in the case is large and the identity of the person who violates the administration of public security is unknown, the time for interrogation and verification shall not exceed twelve hours; if the situation is complicated and administrative detention may be applicable in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the time for interrogation and verification shall not exceed twenty-four hours. When interrogating a person who violates the administration of public security at the law enforcement and case-handling site, the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
The public security organ shall promptly notify the family members of the summoned person of the reasons for the summons and the place of detention.
During the period of interrogation and verification, the public security organ shall ensure the legitimate needs of the person who violates the administration of public security, such as diet and necessary rest time.
Article 98 The interrogation record shall be submitted to the interrogated person for verification; if he/she is unable to read, it shall be read to him/her. If there are omissions or errors in the record, the interrogated person may propose additions or corrections. After the interrogated person confirms that the record is correct, he/she shall sign, seal, or affix his/her fingerprint, and the interrogating people's police shall also sign the record.
The interrogated person shall be allowed to provide written materials on the interrogated matters on his/her own initiative; when necessary, the people's police may also require the interrogated person to write on his/her own.
When interrogating a person who violates the administration of public security who is under the age of eighteen, his/her parents or other guardians shall be notified to be present; if his/her parents or other guardians are unable to be present, other adult relatives, representatives of the school, work unit, grass-roots organization in the place of residence, or juvenile protection organization, and other appropriate adults may also be notified to be present, and the relevant circumstances shall be recorded. If it is indeed impossible to notify or they fail to appear after being notified, it shall be noted in the record.
Article 99 The people's police may interrogate the victim or other witnesses at the scene, or go to their work unit, residence, or the place they propose; when necessary, they may also notify them to go to the public security organ to provide testimony.
When the people's police interrogate the victim or other witnesses outside the public security organ, they shall present the people's police certificate.
The provisions of Article 98 of this Law shall also apply to the interrogation of the victim or other witnesses.
Article 100 If the person who violates the administration of public security, the victim, or other witnesses are in different places, the public security organ may entrust the public security organ in another place to conduct the interrogation on its behalf, or may conduct the interrogation remotely through the video system of the public security organ.
If the interrogation is conducted by means of remote video, the interrogation record shall be read to the interrogated person, and the interrogating people's police shall note it in the record after the interrogated person confirms that the record is correct. The interrogation and reading process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
Article 101 When interrogating a deaf-mute person who violates the administration of public security, the victim, or other witnesses, a person who is proficient in sign language or other means of communication shall provide assistance, and it shall be noted in the record.
When interrogating a person who violates the administration of public security, the victim, or other witnesses who do not understand the local common language and writing, an interpreter shall be provided, and it shall be noted in the record.
Article 102 In order to ascertain the facts of the case and determine certain characteristics, injury conditions, or physiological states of the person who violates the administration of public security or the victim, it is necessary to conduct a personal examination of him/her and extract or collect portraits, fingerprint information, and biological samples such as blood and urine, which shall be carried out after approval by the person in charge of the case-handling department of the public security organ. Information or samples that have already been extracted or collected shall not be extracted or collected repeatedly. The extraction or collection of information or samples from the victim shall be subject to the consent of the victim or his/her guardian.
Article 103 The public security organ may inspect places related to violations of the administration of public security or the person, articles of the person who violates the administration of public security. During the inspection, there shall be no less than two people's police, and they shall present the people's police certificate.
For the inspection of places, the inspection shall be carried out with an inspection warrant upon approval by the person in charge of the public security organ of the people's government at or above the county level; if it is indeed necessary to conduct the inspection immediately, the people's police may conduct the inspection on the spot after presenting the people's police certificate, and the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video. An inspection warrant issued by the public security organ of the people's government at or above the county level shall be presented for the inspection of a citizen's residence.
The examination of a woman's body shall be carried out by female staff or a doctor.
Article 104 A written record of the inspection shall be made, and the inspector, the person being inspected, and the witness shall sign, seal, or affix their fingerprints; if the person being inspected is not present or the person being inspected or the witness refuses to sign, the people's police shall note it in the record.
Article 105 When handling public security cases, the public security organ may seize articles related to the case that need to be used as evidence; property legally possessed by the victim or a bona fide third party shall not be seized, but shall be registered; however, articles among them that are related to the case and must be appraised may be seized, and shall be released immediately after the appraisal. Articles unrelated to the case shall not be seized.
For seized articles, the on-site witness and the holder of the seized articles shall be jointly checked to ensure that they are clear, and a list shall be made on the spot in duplicate, which shall be signed or sealed by the investigators, the witness, and the holder, one copy shall be given to the holder, and the other copy shall be attached to the file for future reference.
The seizure shall be reported to the person in charge of the public security organ for approval before implementation; if the seizure is implemented on the spot due to an emergency or the value of the article is not large, the people's police shall promptly report to the person in charge of the public security organ to which they belong and complete the approval procedures retroactively. If the person in charge of the public security organ believes that the seizure should not be carried out, it shall be released immediately. If the seizure is implemented on the spot, the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
Seized articles shall be properly kept and shall not be used for other purposes; articles that are not suitable for long-term storage shall be handled in accordance with relevant regulations. If it is found that the articles are not related to the case or are verified to be the legal property of the victim or others, they shall be returned immediately after registration; if no one claims the right to the property or the obligee cannot be ascertained after six months, it shall be publicly auctioned or handled in accordance with relevant state regulations, and the proceeds shall be turned over to the state treasury.
Article 106 In order to ascertain the facts of the case and resolve specialized issues in dispute in the case, a person with specialized knowledge shall be designated or hired to conduct an appraisal; after the appraiser conducts the appraisal, he/she shall write an appraisal opinion and sign it.
Article 107 In order to ascertain the facts of the case, the people's police may allow the person who violates the administration of public security, the victim, and other witnesses to identify places and articles related to the violation of the administration of public security, or may allow the victim and other witnesses to identify the person who violates the administration of public security, or allow the person who violates the administration of public security to identify other persons who violate the administration of public security.
A record of the identification shall be made, and the people's police and the identifier shall sign, seal, or affix their fingerprints.
Article 108 When the public security organ conducts interrogation, identification, on-site investigation, and implements administrative compulsory measures and other investigation and evidence collection work, there shall be no less than two people's police.
The interrogation, seizure, identification, or mediation conducted by the public security organ in a standardized and strictly managed law enforcement and case-handling site may be conducted by one people's police.
If the interrogation, seizure, identification, or mediation is conducted by one people's police in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video. If the entire process is not recorded simultaneously with audio and video as required, or the audio and video data is damaged or lost, the relevant evidence cannot be used as the basis for punishment.

Section 2 Decision

Article 109 Administrative penalties for public security shall be decided by the public security organs of the local people's governments at or above the county level; among them, warnings and fines of less than 1,000 yuan may be decided by the public security police station.
Article 110 For a person who is decided to be given administrative detention, the time during which his/her personal freedom has been restricted by compulsory measures before the punishment shall be offset. One day of restriction of personal freedom shall be offset by one day of administrative detention.
Article 111 When investigating and handling public security cases, the public security organ may make a decision on administrative penalties for public security if there is no statement from the person himself/herself, but other evidence can prove the facts of the case. However, if there is only a statement from the person himself/herself and no other evidence to prove it, a decision on administrative penalties for public security cannot be made.
Article 112 Before making a decision on administrative penalties for public security, the public security organ shall inform the person who violates the administration of public security of the content of the proposed administrative penalties for public security and the facts, reasons, and basis, and inform the person who violates the administration of public security of the rights he/she enjoys in accordance with the law.
The person who violates the administration of public security has the right to state his/her case and defend himself/herself. The public security organ must fully listen to the opinions of the person who violates the administration of public security, and shall review the facts, reasons, and evidence presented by the person who violates the administration of public security; if the facts, reasons, or evidence presented by the person who violates the administration of public security are established, the public security organ shall adopt them.
If the person who violates the administration of public security is under the age of eighteen, the parents or other guardians of the minor shall also be informed in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, and their opinions shall be fully listened to.
The public security organ shall not increase the punishment of the person who violates the administration of public security because of his/her statement or defense.
Article 113 After the investigation of a public security case is completed, the public security organ shall make the following dispositions according to different circumstances:
(1) If there is indeed an illegal act that should be given administrative penalties for public security in accordance with the law, a decision on punishment shall be made according to the seriousness of the circumstances and the specific circumstances;
(2) If no punishment is given in accordance with the law, or the facts of the illegal act cannot be established, a decision not to punish shall be made;
(3) If the illegal act is suspected of constituting a crime, it shall be transferred to the relevant competent authority to pursue criminal responsibility in accordance with the law;
(4) If it is found that the person who violates the administration of public security has other illegal acts, the relevant competent authority shall be notified or transferred to handle the matter at the same time as making a decision on punishment for the violation of the administration of public security.
For administrative penalties for public security for complicated or serious illegal acts, the person in charge of the public security organ shall make a decision after collective discussion.
Article 114 In any of the following circumstances, before the public security organ makes a decision on administrative penalties for public security, the legal review of the decision on administrative penalties for public security shall be conducted by personnel engaged in the legal review; no decision shall be made without legal review or if the review is not passed:
(1) Involving major public interests;
(2) Directly related to the major rights and interests of the parties or third parties, and after a hearing procedure;
(3) The circumstances of the case are difficult and complicated, involving multiple legal relationships.
Personnel in the public security organ who are engaged in the legal review of decisions on administrative penalties for public security for the first time shall pass the national unified legal professional qualification examination to obtain a legal professional qualification.
Article 115 If the public security organ makes a decision on administrative penalties for public security, a decision on administrative penalties for public security shall be made. The decision shall state the following:
(1) The name, gender, age, name and number of the identity document, and address of the person being punished;
(2) The facts and evidence of the illegal act;
(3) The type and basis of the punishment;
(4) The method and time limit for the execution of the punishment;
(5) The channels and time limit for applying for administrative reconsideration and filing an administrative lawsuit if the punishment decision is not accepted;
(6) The name of the public security organ that made the punishment decision and the date of the decision.
The decision shall be affixed with the seal of the public security organ that made the punishment decision.
Article 116 The public security organ shall announce the decision on administrative penalties for public security to the person being punished and deliver it to the person being punished on the spot; if it is impossible to announce it to the person being punished on the spot, it shall be delivered to the person being punished within two days. If a decision is made to impose administrative detention, the family members of the person being punished shall be notified in a timely manner.
If there is a victim, the public security organ shall deliver the decision to the victim.
Article 117 Before the public security organ makes a decision on administrative penalties for public security to revoke a license or impose a fine of 4,000 yuan or more, or takes measures to order suspension of business for rectification, it shall inform the person who violates the administration of public security that he/she has the right to request a hearing; if the person who violates the administration of public security requests a hearing, the public security organ shall promptly hold a hearing in accordance with the law.
For minors who may be subject to administrative detention in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 23 of this Law, the public security organ shall inform the minor and his/her guardian that they have the right to request a hearing; if the minor and his/her guardian request a hearing, the public security organ shall promptly hold a hearing in accordance with the law. Hearings on cases involving minors shall not be held in public.
For cases other than those stipulated in the preceding two paragraphs that are complicated or have a significant social impact, if the person who violates the administration of public security requests a hearing and the public security organ deems it necessary, a hearing shall be held in a timely manner in accordance with the law.
The public security organ shall not increase the punishment of the person who violates the administration of public security because he/she requests a hearing.
Article 118 The time limit for the public security organ to handle public security cases shall not exceed 30 days from the date of filing the case; if the case is major or complicated, it may be extended by 30 days with the approval of the public security organ at the next higher level. The extension of the time limit shall be limited to two times. If a case handled by a public security police station needs to be extended, it shall be approved by the public security organ to which it belongs.
The period for appraisal and the period for hearing in order to ascertain the facts of the case shall not be included in the time limit for handling public security cases.
Article 119 If the facts of the violation of the administration of public security are clear and the evidence is conclusive, a decision on administrative penalties for public security may be made on the spot for a warning or a fine of 500 yuan or less.
Article 120 When making a decision on administrative penalties for public security on the spot, the people's police shall present the people's police certificate to the person who violates the administration of public security and fill out the punishment decision. The punishment decision shall be delivered to the person being punished on the spot; if there is a victim, the decision shall also be delivered to the victim.
The punishment decision stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall state the name of the person being punished, the illegal act, the basis for the punishment, the amount of the fine, the time, the place, and the name of the public security organ, and shall be signed or sealed by the people's police handling the case.
If the on-the-spot punishment is applicable and the person being punished has no objection to the content of the proposed administrative penalties for public security and the facts, reasons, and basis, a decision on administrative penalties for public security may be made by one people's police, and the entire process shall be recorded simultaneously with audio and video.
If a decision on administrative penalties for public security is made on the spot, the people's police handling the case shall report to the public security organ to which they belong for the record within 24 hours.
Article 121 If the person being punished or the victim is dissatisfied with the decision on administrative penalties for public security made by the public security organ in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the decision on confiscation or recovery, or the relevant restrictive or prohibitive measures taken, he/she may apply for administrative reconsideration or file an administrative lawsuit in accordance with the law.

Section 3 Execution

Article 122 A person who has been decided to be given administrative detention shall be sent to the detention center for execution by the public security organ that made the decision; upon expiration of the execution period, the detention center shall release the detention on time and issue a certificate of release from detention.
If a person who has been decided to be given administrative detention is captured in another place or there are other circumstances that make it necessary to execute the detention in a detention center in another place, the detention may be executed in another place with the approval of the competent public security organ of the detention center in another place.
Article 123 A person who has been fined shall pay the fine to the designated bank or through the electronic payment system within 15 days from the date of receiving the punishment decision. However, in any of the following circumstances, the people's police may collect the fine on the spot:
(1) The fine is less than 200 yuan and the person being punished has no objection to the fine;
(1) Where a fine of not more than 200 yuan is imposed and the person subject to the penalty has no objection to the fine;
(2) In remote areas, on the water, or in areas with inconvenient transportation, on passenger trains or at ports, where the public security organ and its people's police make a decision to impose a fine in accordance with the provisions of this Law, and it is indeed difficult for the person subject to the penalty to pay the fine to the designated bank or through the electronic payment system, as proposed by the person subject to the penalty;
(3) Where the person subject to the penalty has no fixed residence in the local area, and it is difficult to enforce the penalty afterwards if it is not collected on the spot.
Article 124 The fines collected on the spot by the people's police shall be handed over to the public security organ (公安机关) to which they belong within two days from the date of collection; the fines collected on the spot on the water or on passenger trains shall be handed over to the public security organ (公安机关) to which they belong within two days from the date of arrival at the shore or station; the public security organ (公安机关) shall pay the fines to the designated bank within two days from the date of receipt of the fines.
Article 125 Where the people's police collect fines on the spot, they shall issue a special receipt uniformly issued by the financial department of the people's government at or above the provincial level to the person subject to the penalty; if a special receipt uniformly issued is not issued, the person subject to the penalty shall have the right to refuse to pay the fine.
Article 126 If a person subject to a penalty of administrative detention applies for administrative reconsideration or files an administrative lawsuit against the decision on administrative detention, and encounters circumstances such as participating in entrance examinations, childbirth of children, or critical illness or death of close relatives, he may apply to the public security organ (公安机关) for a temporary suspension of the execution of administrative detention. If the public security organ (公安机关) believes that the temporary suspension of the execution of administrative detention will not cause social danger, the person subject to the penalty or his close relatives shall propose a guarantor who meets the conditions stipulated in Article 127 of this Law, or pay a security deposit at the rate of 200 yuan per day of administrative detention, and the decision on administrative detention shall be temporarily suspended.
If a person who is being subjected to administrative detention encounters circumstances such as participating in entrance examinations, childbirth of children, or critical illness or death of close relatives, and the detainee or his close relatives apply for release, the public security organ (公安机关) shall implement it in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. The time of release of the detainee shall not be counted in the detention period.
Article 127 A guarantor shall meet the following conditions:
(1) Not involved in the case;
(2) Enjoying political rights and not restricted in personal freedom;
(3) Having a permanent residence and a fixed domicile in the local area;
(4) Having the ability to perform the guarantee obligation.
Article 128 The guarantor shall ensure that the guaranteed person does not evade the execution of administrative detention.
If the guarantor fails to perform the guarantee obligation, causing the guaranteed person to evade the execution of administrative detention, he shall be fined not more than 3,000 yuan.
Article 129 If a person who has been decided to be given administrative detention pays a security deposit and temporarily suspends administrative detention or evades the execution of administrative detention after being released, the security deposit shall be confiscated and turned over to the State Treasury, and the administrative detention decision that has already been made shall still be executed.
Article 130 If the decision on administrative detention is revoked, the administrative detention penalty begins to be executed, or continues to be executed after release, the security deposit collected by the public security organ (公安机关) shall be promptly returned to the payer.
Chapter V Supervision of Law Enforcement
Article 131 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police shall handle public security cases in accordance with the law, impartially, strictly, and efficiently, enforce the law in a civilized manner, and shall not engage in **徇私舞弊** (xùn sī wǔ bì - "bending the law for personal gain," to practice graft), neglect their duties, or abuse their powers.
Article 132 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police shall be prohibited from beating, abusing, or insulting persons who violate public security administration when handling public security cases.
Article 133 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police shall consciously accept the supervision of society and citizens when handling public security cases.
Any unit or individual shall have the right to report or accuse the public security organ (公安机关) or the people's procuratorate or supervisory organ of any failure to strictly enforce the law or any illegal or disciplinary acts by the public security organ (公安机关) and its people's police in handling public security cases; the organ receiving the report or accusation shall promptly handle it in accordance with its duties.
Article 134 If a public security organ (公安机关) makes a decision on administrative penalties for public security administration and finds that the person subject to the penalty is a public official and needs to be given a political sanction in accordance with the provisions of the Public Officials Political Sanctions Law of the People's Republic of China (《中华人民共和国公职人员政务处分法》), it shall promptly notify the supervisory organ and other relevant units in accordance with relevant regulations.
Article 135 When a public security organ (公安机关) imposes a fine in accordance with the law, it shall implement the separation of the decision to impose a fine from the collection of the fine in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations; all fines collected shall be turned over to the State Treasury and shall not be returned or returned in disguised form, and shall not be linked to funding guarantees.
Article 136 Records of violations of public security administration shall be sealed and shall not be provided or disclosed to any unit or individual, except for cases where relevant state organs need to handle cases or relevant units conduct inquiries in accordance with state regulations. The units conducting inquiries in accordance with the law shall keep confidential the information on the sealed illegal records.
Article 137 Public security organs (公安机关) shall perform the duties of safe operation and management of synchronous audio and video recording, improve technical measures, regularly maintain facilities and equipment, and ensure the continuous, stable, and safe operation of audio and video recording equipment.
Article 138 Public security organs (公安机关) and their people's police shall not use personal information obtained in the process of handling public security cases, relevant information and samples extracted and collected in accordance with the law for purposes unrelated to public security administration and investigation of crimes, and shall not sell or provide them to other units or individuals.
Article 139 If a people's police officer commits any of the following acts in handling a public security case, he shall be given a sanction in accordance with the law; if it constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the law:
(1) Extorting a confession by torture, corporal punishment, beating, abusing, or insulting others;
(2) Restricting personal freedom beyond the time limit for questioning and investigation;
(3) Failing to implement the system of separating the decision to impose a fine from the collection of the fine, or failing to turn over the confiscated property to the State Treasury or dispose of it in accordance with regulations;
(4) Privately dividing, encroaching upon, misappropriating, or intentionally damaging the confiscated, recovered, or seized property;
(5) Using or failing to return the property of the victim in a timely manner in violation of regulations;
(6) Failing to return the security deposit in a timely manner in violation of regulations;
(7) Taking advantage of their position to accept property from others or seeking other benefits;
(8) Failing to issue a special receipt for fines collected on the spot or failing to truthfully fill in the amount of the fine;
(9) Failing to dispatch the police in a timely manner after receiving a report requesting the cessation of an act that violates public security administration;
(10) Providing information to perpetrators of illegal or criminal acts when investigating and handling activities that violate public security administration;
(11) Disclosing work secrets or other information that should be kept confidential in accordance with the law in the process of handling public security cases;
(12) Using personal information obtained in the process of handling public security cases, relevant information and samples extracted and collected in accordance with the law for purposes unrelated to public security administration and investigation of crimes, or selling or providing them to other units or individuals;
(13) Editing, deleting, damaging, or losing synchronous audio and video recording materials for handling public security cases;
(14) Other circumstances of **徇私舞弊** (xùn sī wǔ bì - "bending the law for personal gain," to practice graft), neglect of duty, abuse of power, and failure to perform statutory duties in accordance with the law.
If a public security organ (公安机关) handling a public security case commits any of the acts listed in the preceding paragraph, the leading personnel and directly responsible personnel shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law.
Article 140 If a public security organ (公安机关) and its people's police illegally exercise their powers and infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, and other organizations, they shall apologize; if damage is caused, they shall bear the liability for compensation in accordance with the law.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 141 Where other laws stipulate that administrative detention shall be imposed by the public security organ (公安机关), the procedures for such penalties shall apply to the provisions of this Law.
Where the public security organ (公安机关) imposes penalties in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Firearms (《中华人民共和国枪支管理法》), the Regulations on the Safety Administration of Civilian Explosive Articles (《民用爆炸物品安全管理条例》) and other laws and administrative regulations directly related to public safety and social public security order, the procedures for such penalties shall apply to the provisions of this Law.
Where Article 32, Article 34, Article 46, and Article 56 of this Law stipulate that administrative detention shall be imposed, and other laws and administrative regulations also stipulate that fines, confiscation of illegal income, and confiscation of illegal property shall be imposed, the relevant competent departments shall impose penalties in accordance with the corresponding regulations; if administrative detention needs to be imposed, the public security organ (公安机关) shall handle it in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 142 The coast guard agency shall perform the duties of maritime public security administration and exercise the powers of the public security organ (公安机关) stipulated in this Law, unless otherwise provided by law.
Article 143 The terms "above," "below," and "within" as used in this Law include the number itself.
Article 144 This Law shall come into force on January 1, 2026.
(Xinhua News Agency (新华社) dispatch)

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"Small but beautiful" cultural tourism formats are better at "retaining" visitors (Observations on agriculture, rural areas, and farmers)

By: 王 浩

Spending the Lunar New Year in the countryside is a new consumption trend this year. In Zhuquan Village (竹泉村), Yinan County (沂南县), Shandong (山东) province, bamboo surrounds the springs, and people live around the springs. Tourists watch performances on the aerial bamboo forest glass plank road, immersing themselves in the bamboo culture. In Hehong Village (河洪村), Ninghai County (宁海县), Zhejiang (浙江) province, the ancient village has become a Lunar New Year market, bustling with people. The return-to-hometown travel and the popularity of county tours have brought a strong festive atmosphere and旺旺的人气 (**旺旺的人气** (wàng wàng de rén qì - "旺旺's popularity," thriving popularity)) to the countryside.

The countryside has new scenery, adding a touch of novelty to the homesickness of returning travelers, and allowing tourists from all directions to experience the愜意 (**愜意** (qiè yì - "contented," comfortable and satisfied)) of slow living. The deep integration of agriculture and tourism, rusticity and fashion, modernity and tradition, promotes the upgrading of rural tourism. During the Spring Festival holiday, these popular rural tourist attractions further confirm that the beauty of the countryside, the beauty of ecology, and the beauty of humanity are irreplaceable values of rural tourism.

The 2026 Central No. 1 Document proposed "developing 'small and beautiful' cultural tourism formats," clarifying the development direction of rural tourism. In the past, rural tourism was plagued by homogenization, with thousands of villages looking the same. The reason for this is the emphasis on investment and neglect of operation, the emphasis on imitation and neglect of innovation, and the blind pursuit of "large and comprehensive." This not only ignores the unique value of the countryside but also causes waste of resources. On the contrary, "small and beautiful" pursues lightweight, high-quality, and distinctive features, using small investments to leverage high efficiency, which is in line with industrial development laws, caters to cultural tourism consumption trends, fits the actual situation of the countryside, and can powerfully promote the long-term development of rural tourism.

"Small and beautiful" promotes the effective connection between supply and demand. From rushing to check in to immersive experiences, from skimming the surface to deep feelings, the demand side of cultural tourism consumption is changing. The good mountains and rivers, pastoral life, folk customs, and agricultural activities in the vast countryside can precisely meet the expectations and pursuits of consumers. Creating "small and beautiful" cultural tourism formats aims to start with optimizing supply, changing the "撒芝麻盐" (**撒芝麻盐** (sǎ zhī ma yán - "sprinkling sesame salt," to spread resources thinly)) investment method, concentrating resources on shaping regional characteristics, enhancing tourist experiences, and increasing cultural connotations, and launching more new scenarios and new formats. Only by shifting from scale expansion to deep cultivation of quality can we create new demand with new supply, allowing tourists who stroll through the countryside to gain cultural edification and emotional resonance.

"Small and beautiful" promotes the deep integration of agriculture and tourism. Cultivated land, farmhouses, ancient wells, mills... "Small-volume" rural elements contain great value. Tiegang Community (铁岗社区), Gaoyao District (高要区), Zhaoqing City (肇庆市), Guangdong (广东) province, revitalized idle farmhouses to create "rooftop cafes," revitalizing the Lingnan (岭南) ancient village. Luli Village (芦荔村), Qimen County (祁门县), Anhui (安徽) province, carefully cultivates rice fields, and new formats such as rice field cafes and rural living rooms realize the integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. The "micro-transformation" that brings large traffic inspires us that by coordinating stock and increment and awakening "sleeping" resources, we will surely be able to embark on a refined and sustainable development path.

Rural revitalization is for the prosperity of agriculture. The "small and beautiful" cultural tourism format provides more opportunities for farmers to deeply participate in industrial development. In recent years, new formats such as intangible cultural heritage experiences, rural markets, and characteristic homestays have flourished, allowing more and more farmers to participate in operations, services, management, and other links. There are also many young people who understand management and dare to innovate who return to their hometowns to start businesses, broadening the channels for farmers to increase their income, and making the countryside popular, dynamic, and promising.

Ultimately, through meticulous cultivation and dedicated nurturing, the "small and beautiful" cultural tourism format will surely achieve the prosperity of the industry, the wealth of the villagers, and the beauty of the countryside, allowing the countryside to have both traffic and "留量" (**留量** (liú liàng - "retention," the ability to retain visitors)).

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The Metamorphosis of Wheat: Through Three Meals and Four Seasons

By: 本报记者 郁静娴

Xinjiang, freshly baked Nang bread has distinct layers, crispy and easy to store; in the Guanzhong area, chewy handmade noodles are drizzled with hot oil to release a rich aroma; in the Jiangzhe region, wontons, shaomai, and xiaolongbao start a steaming hot day...

If there is one food that is "eaten across the north and south" and can be made into thousands of different dishes – without a doubt, it is wheat.

Wheat is a major source of energy for humans. China's wheat planting area is 350 million mu (亩, a Chinese unit of area, approximately 667 square meters) year-round, and its total output has been over 130 million tons for 11 consecutive years, accounting for 17% of the world's total, making it the world's largest wheat producer and consumer.

Today, wheat is not only a staple food to fill the stomach, but also a carrier of health and a better life. A single grain of wheat plays out the myriad appearances of the Chinese people's dining table.

Customized dining table delicacies –

Special wheat, special storage, special processing, empowering the ever-changing pasta

The story all comes from wheat's "superpower": gluten and gliadin, activated by milling, form a gluten network when they encounter water, giving the dough elasticity and extensibility, creating the extremely strong plasticity of pasta products.

In the laboratory of Yan Jin Keming Flour Co., Ltd. (河南省延津克明面粉有限公司) in Henan Province, staff are using professional instruments to measure the gluten content and dough stability time of wheat. Song Ligang (宋利刚), the company's head, spreads the wheat in his palm to take a close look, and then puts it in his mouth to chew, "The wheat is darker in color, hard, and chewy, it must be strong gluten wheat." Soon, the instrument measurement results came out, the wet gluten content was 32%.

Yanjin is the home of high-quality wheat. Every summer, Keming Company purchases a large amount of high-quality wheat in the surrounding area. "Wheat with better index performance has a higher purchase price than ordinary wheat." Song Ligang said that the stronger the gluten in the flour, the more resistant to boiling and less likely to clump the pasta made from it. In recent years, the company's newly developed soft and elastic noodles and hand-stretched noodles require this type of wheat. In major producing areas such as Henan and Shandong, high-quality special-purpose varieties such as "Xinmai 26" (新麦26), "Zhengmai 1860" (郑麦1860), and "Jimai 44" (济麦44) have been launched one after another and have become "sweet pastries" in the market.

Compared with the chewy taste, southern steamed buns have a different flavor – at the "First China Southern Steamed Bun Wheat Variety Quality Appraisal Conference," the wheat "Yannong 1212" (烟农1212) selected and bred by the team of Li Linzhi (李林志), director of the Yantai Comprehensive Experiment Station of the National Wheat Industry Technology System, was rated first. Researcher Jiang Hongming (姜鸿明) said that this variety has white flour, high flour yield, and a strong wheat aroma, and has been promoted to about 30 million mu in the Huanghuai wheat area of China.

Special wheat, special storage, and special processing have become a major trend in the field of wheat consumption. Zheng Xueling (郑学玲), director of the Processing Research Office of the National Wheat Industry Technology System and professor of the School of Grain and Oil Food at Henan University of Technology, said that because different types of pasta products such as bread, noodles, steamed buns, and biscuits have different quality requirements for wheat flour, the classification of wheat flour products is becoming more and more refined. In the market, the proportion of special flour has accounted for 30% of the total amount of wheat flour and is showing a growing trend.

However, special flour is not a single variety of wheat flour, but a combination of wheat of different qualities in proportion to achieve complementary advantages. Zheng Xueling introduced that improving the flour yield while ensuring the quality of special flour is one of the difficulties in wheat processing.

On the special flour production line of Wudeli Flour Group Co., Ltd. (五得利面粉集团有限公司), "precision" and "flexibility" have become keywords. Through intelligent online flour blending, the precise matching of different base flours can be completed in 20 seconds, and the ash content, gluten, and moisture of the flour can be monitored in real time, and the index fluctuation of the same batch of products is controlled within 0.3%. During the grinding process, the grinding method and strength are flexibly adjusted according to the hardness of the raw materials and the size of the grains, and the flour yield is increased by 4 percentage points. "According to our annual processing volume of nearly 2 million tons of high-quality wheat, it is equivalent to increasing the production of about 80,000 tons of high-quality special wheat." said Dan Zhimin (丹志民), chairman of the company.

In recent years, through technological innovation, the flour yield of large domestic flour processing enterprises has generally increased from 68%-72% to 75%-78%, the energy consumption per ton of flour has been reduced by more than 7%, and the key nutrients have been increased by more than 10%. Noodles, steamed buns, bread, biscuits, pastries... wheat special flour processing is becoming more and more high-quality and green, and the quality of precise customized processing is more guaranteed, making every meal more flavorful.

Science and technology breed good varieties –

China's wheat yield per unit area reaches 1.6 times the world average

Following the wheat aroma on the dining table, the line of sight is locked on the Huanghuaihai Plain, this "big kitchen." As China's largest wheat producing area, 9 out of every 10 steamed buns in the country come from the gifts of this land.

Delicious does not mean easy to grow. This seemingly ordinary grass plant has a growth period of 220 to 270 days, from autumn planting to summer harvest, it can be said to be "planted on ice and harvested on fire." In Qianhanyan Village (前汉沿村), Zhangzhuang Town (张庄镇), Yinan County (沂南县), Shandong Province, since the end of October last year, Liu Zengsheng (刘增升), a large grain grower, has been worried a lot: he deep ploughed more than 800 mu of land before sowing, mixed the seeds, pressed them once after sowing, and sprayed foliar fertilizer on the weak seedlings... He didn't feel relieved until he watered the returning green water in the spring and saw that the seedlings were getting better.

Liu Luxiang (刘录祥), chief scientist of the National Wheat Industry Technology System, deeply understands the difficulty of wheat growers: the winter wheat, which is not obvious on weekdays, has been a "hard fight" behind years of bumper harvests. The variables mainly come from the weather that "does not play cards according to common sense": autumn floods in 2021, rare "rotten field rain" in 2023, continuous high temperature and drought in 2024, and continuous rainy weather in the autumn of 2025 leading to large-scale late planting... Since November last year, they have organized 11 science and technology teams to go deep into more than 60 key counties in 7 provinces to diagnose and prescribe prescriptions for overwintering seedlings.

"China's annual growth rate of wheat consumption is 1.1%-1.6%. By 2030, the yield per unit area must be increased by more than 10% to meet the demand." In Liu Luxiang's view, ensuring the absolute safety of wheat rations and increasing the yield per unit area is imperative. And seeds are the key to increasing production. Modern breeding technologies such as molecular markers and rapid breeding help to efficiently and accurately cultivate high-quality wheat with higher "adversity quotient."

Scab, known as wheat's "cancer." In 2024, there was continuous rain during the heading and flowering period of wheat. In Shijiatian Village (施家田村), Weishan Town (巍山镇), Dongyang City (东阳市), Zhejiang Province, two fields separated by a ridge, under the same drug prevention and control conditions, one side had a disease severity of 3-4, while the other side only had sporadic disease, and most of the diseased ears only had one or two florets diseased. The field was planted with the famous "Yangmai 33" (扬麦33).

"The team innovatively adopted multi-gene molecular aggregation breeding technology to 'install' 4 scab resistance genes, 1 powdery mildew resistance gene and 1 high-quality flour gene into one seed." said Gao Derong (高德荣), director of the Yangzhou Comprehensive Experiment Station of the National Wheat Industry Technology System and director of the Wheat Research Office of the Jiangsu Lixiahe Area Agricultural Science Institute. In 2025, the upgraded new variety "Yangmai 53," which has stronger lodging resistance and better quality, has also passed the national approval.

Saline-alkali land was once a "forbidden zone" for crop growth. In Huanghua City (黄骅市), Hebei Province, Zhang Zhiqing (张志清), director of the Youhe Planting Cooperative, planted the national salt-alkali tolerant variety "Hangmai 802" (航麦802). The harvest last season surprised him very much. "These 120 mu of wheat were not watered once and relied entirely on rain. The actual yield per mu reached 496.6 kilograms!" Obtaining grain from marginal land has become a strategic move with great potential.

Variety improvement, innovation and integration of green and efficient cultivation technologies, intelligent monitoring and green prevention and control... In the past 5 years, the National Wheat Industry Technology System has promoted the increase of wheat yield per unit area through integrated comprehensive technologies, pushing China's wheat yield per unit area from 382.8 kg in 2020 to 396.0 kg in 2025, effectively ensuring the balance of supply and demand. "This number is currently 1.6 times the world average." said Liu Luxiang.

The entire industrial chain expands value –

The wheat economy is in full bloom in the food, culture and even industrial fields

Increased production capacity and improved quality support a resilient wheat industry chain, which is in full bloom in the food, culture and even industrial fields.

In the traditional food field, with the emergence of new dietary concepts such as whole grains, low GI, and anti-oxidation, the edible value of wheat has been developed layer by layer. At Sichuan Aidal Food Co., Ltd. (四川爱达乐食品有限责任公司), a "Chuanmai 98" (川麦98) series of mooncakes is very popular among consumers. Its raw material comes from the functional wheat variety "Chuanmai 98" selected and bred by the Crop Research Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The flavonoid content is 3-5 times that of ordinary flour.

Jiang Hua (蒋华), the company's general manager, introduced that last Mid-Autumn Festival, the "Chuanmai 98" series of mooncakes produced more than 1 million pieces in total, with a single product sales of 10 million yuan. In addition, when making cookies, the high natural flavonoid content in wheat flour helps to delay oil oxidation and ensure crispy and mellow taste and shelf life stability. In his opinion, functional wheat products are opening up new space for the development of the baking industry.

In some northern pasta provinces, Huamo art, as an "edible intangible cultural heritage," is releasing vigorous vitality. At this year's local Spring Festival Gala in Yanjin, Henan, a large zodiac Huamo work conveyed a strong New Year's flavor – 8 white horses driving auspicious clouds, with lifelike details of manes and saddles, surrounded by several peonies with complex and dynamic petals, all "transformed" from noodles.

The work comes from Zhang Wei (张伟), the fourth-generation inheritor of Zhang's Huamo. Zhang Wei introduced that from the selection and drying of wheat to flour processing, as well as more than 10 shaping processes such as "rubbing, kneading, twisting, and rolling," each link is quite exquisite. "During festivals, engagements, and birthdays, this 'Chinese cake' is very festive." Zhang Wei said.

The energy of wheat is far more than that. "The by-products produced during processing, the content of active nutrients, dietary fiber and trace elements account for more than 90% of the whole grain of wheat, which can be called a 'nutritional gold mine'." said Dan Zhimin. Today, bran is used as feed and raw material for edible vinegar fermentation, wheat germ is extracted from wheat germ oil and goes to the fields of edible oil and cosmetics, and secondary flour is directed to aquatic product breeding enterprises... Outside the staple food field, cross-border applications have doubled the value of wheat.

Walking in the main grain producing areas, relying on the industrial chain clustering, value chain high-end, and supply chain integration, the connotation of the wheat economy is extending to a deeper level. In Maixiang Yanjin, from high-quality wheat order planting to the development of processing industry clusters, and then to Huamo, wheat straw paintings, dough sculptures, and wheat theme parks, a wheat plant grows into a colorful industrial chain. Hou Hongtao (侯红涛), director of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Yanjin County, introduced that around the county's more than one million mu of wheat, the county's modern agricultural industrial park has gathered nearly 100 grain and oil food processing enterprises, with a total output value of 15.2 billion yuan, driving nearly 50,000 farmers to increase their income.

A grain of wheat, endless life. The carbohydrate "universe" built by wheat is the soul of pasta culture and supports half of the staple food world. At present, in the green between returning green and jointing, the story of wheat continues from generation to generation, and the foundation of the Chinese people's rice bowl will become more and more solid.

(Yao Yihong (姚艺红) participated in the writing)

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New Trends in New Year Picture Village (Beautiful Countryside, My Home)

By: 本报记者 常 钦

The wheat seedlings in the eastern Henan plain have just turned green, and the wind still carries a hint of chill. Walking into Zhaozhuang Village (赵庄村), Zhuxian Town (朱仙镇), Kaifeng (开封), Henan (河南), the scent in the air is distinctly different—a rich and pure fragrance of pine soot ink, overwhelming the chill of the wilderness and drilling straight into people's hearts.

This is the living heritage base of Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year Paintings (朱仙镇木版年画), a national-level intangible cultural heritage. In this place known as "New Year Painting Village," although the liveliness of the Spring Festival is more than halfway over, the "busy year" for the people of Zhaozhuang (赵庄) is far from over. Red papers are unfolding a silent, profound transformation of the village industry.

Pushing open a half-closed wooden door, the warm winter sun shines diagonally on the pear wood planks filling the courtyard.

Zhang Tingxu (张廷旭), a representative inheritor of national intangible cultural heritage, wearing reading glasses, presses his thumb firmly against the carving knife, moving through the hard wood grain. Where the blade passes, wood shavings curl up, and the lines are as smooth as water.

"In the past, we would be idle after the 'Po Wu' (破五) (the fifth day of the Lunar New Year), but now orders are urging us on, and we have to rush to finish a few sets of printing blocks while the weather is good," Zhang Tingxu (张廷旭) and his son Zhang Chenyun (张晨云) dare not stop their work.

Looking at the busyness at the table today, it is hard to imagine that in the 1970s, this craft almost withered due to the Yellow River (黄河) floods and the changes of the times. During the Ming (明) and Qing (清) dynasties, there were as many as 300 workshops in Zhuxian Town (朱仙镇). Later, in the most difficult times, only a few families in the village were struggling to survive.

"In the past, making New Year paintings was to make a living, but now it is for inheritance, and even more for revitalizing the village," Zhang Tingxu (张廷旭) said, stroking his hands, which were covered in calluses from holding the knife for many years, revealing the underlying logic of Zhaozhuang Village's (赵庄村) transformation—from a "small-scale sideline business" of individual households to a "rural industry" that has grown up under policy support and capital injection.

If the older generation is guarding the "roots," then the younger generation is calculating the "accounts" of industrial upgrading.

Zhang Yi (张一), a post-90s inheritor who runs a New Year painting shop in the scenic area, is busy taking stock of the post-holiday inventory. Unlike her parents' generation, who "went to fairs and stalls, relying on the weather," she relies on a keen business sense. "In the past, people looked for paintings, but now paintings look for people. One Spring Festival can bring in as much income as the past six months."

This is not an isolated case. Research data shows that in 2025, Zhaozhuang Village (赵庄村) drove more than 80,000 person-times of research and study in the surrounding areas, generating sales revenue of more than 1.1 million yuan from this item alone. The annual output value of the entire industry reached more than 40 million yuan.

Strolling through the village, one will find that the fragrance of ink here is mixed with a "trendy" flavor.

In the cultural and creative space, the traditional Qin Qiong (秦琼) and Yuchi Gong (尉迟恭) are no longer the only protagonists. Woodblock prints with "snowman" images have become popular items that tourists are vying to photograph—this is a new attempt launched by the village in collaboration with the tea brand Mixue Bingcheng (蜜雪冰城).

When the ancient color separation process meets modern commercial IP, this "contrastive cuteness" instantly breaks through the aesthetic barriers of young people.

Zhang Jizhong (张继中), a provincial-level representative inheritor, knows this well. Today, the New Year paintings of Zhaozhuang Village (赵庄村) have evolved from single posters into more than 220 kinds of derivative products such as scroll mounting, frame mounting, long scrolls, and cultural and creative peripherals. The themes of the times, such as aerospace and rural revitalization, are engraved into the woodblocks, giving the products a stronger sense of connection to reality. These products are sold to more than 20 countries, including France, the United Kingdom, and Russia, through e-commerce platforms, opening the door to the global market.

Beyond the hustle and bustle, Zhaozhuang Village (赵庄村) is also calmly thinking about the extension of the industrial chain.

In an experience workshop, Li Zhihua (李志华), who returned to his hometown to start a business, is broadcasting live on his mobile phone. On the other side of the screen are netizens curious about rural culture, and on this side of the screen, children from research and study teams are experiencing ink brushing and rubbing.

"We want to let the children smell the fragrance of ink and touch the temperature of culture here," said Shi Jing (石静), who is in charge of research and study.

This model of "training center + university + cooperative" allows the resources of universities such as Henan University (河南大学) to be injected into the countryside, bringing not only passenger flow but also new designs and concepts.

As the sun sets, the golden afterglow shines on the New Year painting wall at the entrance of the village.

On the wall, the patterns of "Fuwa Holding Carp" and "Ten Thousand Horses Galloping" shine in the light and shadow. Several old people sit at the base of the wall chatting, their faces full of pride: "Our old craftsmanship has finally not been lost, and it is getting more and more prosperous."

In this small village in eastern Henan (豫东), New Year paintings are not just a symbol of festivals, but have become a cultural engine for rural revitalization. The endless carvings on the pear wood planks and the fragrance of ink flowing between the red paper and gold powder are outlining a vivid picture of an ancient village developing a modern industry.

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Editor in Charge for This Section: Li Xiaoqing

Layout Design: Zhang Danfeng (张丹峰)

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Facing the Sea, Inheriting the Past and Ushering in the New (In-depth Observation)

By: 本报记者 武少民 白剑峰 申少铁 贺林平

The south wind is gentle, and the aroma of traditional Chinese medicine wafts through the air.

On December 19, 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out during his visit to the Macau University of Science and Technology: "Traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure of Chinese civilization, and inheriting, innovating, and developing traditional Chinese medicine is a major undertaking. We must inherit, develop, and utilize this valuable asset left to us by our ancestors, and promote traditional Chinese medicine to the world."

On October 22, 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized during his visit to the Guangdong-Macau Cooperation Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Industrial Park in Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai: "Traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure of Chinese civilization. We must deeply explore the essence of the treasure trove of traditional Chinese medicine, promote the integration of industry, academia, and research, promote the industrialization and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, and let traditional Chinese medicine go to the world."

The General Secretary's two visits have paid special attention to traditional Chinese medicine. The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal states: "Promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine, and promote the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine." The revitalization and development of traditional Chinese medicine is ushering in a favorable opportunity with the right timing, geographical advantages, and popular support.

In recent years, Guangdong Province has introduced a series of major measures to promote the inheritance, innovation, and development of traditional Chinese medicine, comprehensively promote the construction of a national comprehensive reform demonstration zone for traditional Chinese medicine, create a high ground for traditional Chinese medicine in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, help traditional Chinese medicine set sail overseas, and continue to write a new era chapter of the art of Qihuang.

A small grass changes the world, a prescription is passed down for thousands of years, a wisp of medicinal fragrance travels through ancient and modern times, and a silver needle connects Chinese and Western medicine. The ancient traditional Chinese medicine has been passed down from generation to generation and is becoming a bright "Chinese business card."

Looking at the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine from a bee.

The refrigerator is full of "seasoning packets," the kitchen is a "traditional Chinese medicine room," and people eat medicinal diets, cook delicious soups, and drink herbal teas all year round. In Guangdong, almost everyone can name one or two health prescriptions. When kapok flowers bloom, locals like to pick up the fallen kapok flowers, wash them, dry them, and then make soup to clear heat and remove dampness. Qiu Yahong (邱亚洪), Deputy Director of the Guangdong Provincial Health Commission and Director of the Guangdong Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said: "Believing in traditional Chinese medicine, loving traditional Chinese medicine, and using traditional Chinese medicine have become a way of life for Guangdong people."

In 2024, the number of traditional Chinese medicine diagnoses and treatments in Guangdong Province's medical and health institutions reached 252 million, accounting for 26.2% of the province's total diagnoses and treatments. Among them, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) has ranked first among traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in the country for more than 20 consecutive years in terms of annual patient service volume.

Can a bee sting cure diseases? This is not a plot in a martial arts novel, but an ancient traditional Chinese medicine therapy - bee therapy.

"Does it hurt when a bee stings?"

"It doesn't hurt, it can relieve fatigue. This is my second time here."

At the Traditional Therapy Center Clinic of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, a reporter met a woman suffering from insomnia due to shoulder and neck pain. The doctor used tweezers to take a live bee from a plastic box and placed it on the acupoint on the sole of her left foot. The bee's tail gently stung, and then released the bee needle. The doctor quickly removed the bee and pulled out the bee needle after a few minutes...

This is the "Lingnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Painless Bee Therapy" created by Cheng Yongming (成永明), the chief physician of the hospital. These bees are not ordinary bees, but Lingnan wild Chinese bees that have been fed with traditional Chinese medicine and detoxified. Using live bees to sting acupoints or pain points can produce the dual effects of bee venom and acupuncture treatment. Clinical studies have confirmed that bee therapy has significant effects on patients with low immune function, asthma, colds, and rheumatism.

Stick needle therapy, fire ironing therapy, bloodletting cupping... In the Traditional Therapy Center of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, traditional Chinese medicine stunts show their skills and are amazing.

It is said that "**高手在民间**" (gāo shǒu zài mín jiān - "masters are among the people," meaning there are many talented people who are not well-known), how can we let the traditional Chinese medicine stunts scattered among the people "enter the hall"? How can we let folk masters with skills stand out?

Since 2009, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine has held the "Xinglin Treasure Hunt" activity every year, introducing 64 characteristic therapies, organizing 51 follow-up studies, training more than 330 internal inheritors, establishing famous doctor studios for 22 treasure presenters and providing financial support, and forming professional groups for 7 characteristic therapies.

Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine conducts systematic exploration, rescue excavation, and scientific verification of the treasures of traditional Chinese medicine, and passes on the experience of famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine doctors, characteristic therapies of traditional Chinese medicine, and appropriate technologies through methods such as "teacher-apprentice."

Shi Qiaorong (史俏蓉), Secretary of the Party Committee of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, introduced that "teacher-apprentice" is an important way to train traditional Chinese medicine talents. Since 2001, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine has taken the lead in launching new measures to inherit the national famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine doctors, creating models such as "cross-regional apprenticeship," "collective teaching, collective learning," "one generation leading two generations," and "full-time follow-up." So far, there are 205 "teacher-apprentice" instructors, including 47 national medical masters and 25 national famous traditional Chinese medicine doctors.

To revitalize traditional Chinese medicine, talent is the key. In recent years, Guangdong Province has focused on key links such as the training, introduction, use, evaluation, and motivation of traditional Chinese medicine talents, and has put forward a series of targeted innovative measures. Relevant departments require respecting the growth law of traditional Chinese medicine talents, focusing on building a three-in-one evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine thinking, clinical ability, and social recognition, taking seeing a doctor and seeing a doctor well as the main evaluation content, using the actual ability to use traditional Chinese medicine theory, methods, prescriptions, and medicines to treat diseases as the main evaluation indicator, and improving the talent evaluation and incentive mechanism.

What kind of sparks will be created when thousands of years of medical skills meet artificial intelligence? What kind of energy will be released when traditional experience is combined with digital technology?

"A handful, a pot, a bowl" used to be a stereotype of traditional Chinese medicine for many people. In June 2015, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine launched the "Smart Pharmacy" to provide patients with services such as decocting and delivering traditional Chinese medicine.

"I didn't expect that the decocted medicine is better than what I boiled myself. The heat is in place, the medicine tastes mellow, and it can be delivered to my home!" An "old friend" of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine cast a "vote of confidence" with more than 10 years of medical experience.

Lou Buqing (楼步青), Deputy Director of the Pharmacy Department of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, introduced that once an electronic prescription is issued, a unique identification code will be generated, which can be traced back to the source in the links of transmission, review, dispensing, review, soaking, decocting, packaging, delivery, and signing. Modern technology empowers ancient craftsmanship, making the pharmacy's operations more standardized and greatly reducing the risk of human error.

On January 9 this year, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine launched a large model matrix for auxiliary diagnosis and treatment of famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine doctors. The large model for diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases and the large model for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, represented by national medical master Xuan Guowei (禤国维), have been put into clinical use and can be shared in more than 200 cooperative hospitals and will radiate overseas.

Zhang Zhongde (张忠德), Vice President of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and President of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, introduced that the hospital has built a large model matrix for auxiliary diagnosis and treatment of famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine doctors covering multiple disciplines through artificial intelligence's deep learning of massive data such as real medical records, monographs, and literature of famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine doctors, so that the experience of famous veteran traditional Chinese medicine doctors can be "activated."

Looking at the traditional Chinese medicine industry from a grass.

"The four seasons are spring under Mount Luofu, and the loquats and bayberries are new in turn." Mount Luofu in Guangdong is where Ge Hong (葛洪), a medical scientist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, collected herbs and wrote books, and is known as the "source of artemisinin for treating malaria." More than 1,600 years ago, Ge Hong (葛洪) wrote "Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up One's Sleeve," in which the record of "a handful of artemisia annua, soaked in two liters of water, squeezed to extract the juice, and taken all of it" inspired Tu Youyou (屠呦呦) to successfully extract artemisinin and win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine thousands of years later. Artemisinin is "a gift from traditional Chinese medicine to the world" and a milestone in traditional Chinese medicine going to the world.

"One side of the water and soil raises one side of the people, and one side of the herbs cures one side of the disease." Qiu Yahong (邱亚洪) said that as one of the four major traditional Chinese medicine producing areas in the country, Guangdong has thousands of authentic medicinal materials. It is suitable for plant growth, rich in traditional Chinese medicine resources, and has a reputation as "Lingnan produces good medicine." In the long-term struggle with diseases, local people have made full use of local herbal resources and accumulated rich experience in preventing and treating diseases.

The rich aroma, beautiful leaves, thick roots and stems, and plump fruits, the beauty of traditional Chinese medicine is everywhere.

Perilla, all over the mountains and plains, is simple and unpretentious. However, Shen Qi (沈奇), a researcher at the School of Chinese Materia Medica of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, is fascinated by the purple leaves and the unique fragrance, and has increased the value of this small grass a hundredfold.

Perilla is a traditional Chinese plant with both medicinal and food uses, and has a long history and cultural value. In ancient books such as "The Book of Songs" and "Erya," perilla is called "Ren," "Gui Ren," and "Ren Ran," and was later included in pharmaceutical works such as "Famous Doctors' Records" and "Compendium of Materia Medica."

How to "eat and squeeze" a perilla? Shen Qi's (沈奇) team found that perilla is rich in volatile oil, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins, and has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. Perilla phenolic acid is mainly rosmarinic acid, and high light can induce a significant increase in the content of perilla rosmarinic acid. Based on application needs, the team carried out quality-oriented breeding and successfully bred 7 excellent new varieties of perilla, and conducted in-depth research on the anti-aging effects and functional substances of perilla.

In July 2025, the "Research and Industrialization Application Project of New Functional Raw Materials of Perilla, a Medicinal and Food Homologous Plant" undertaken by Shen Qi's (沈奇) team publicly solicited equity partners through the Guangzhou Property Rights Exchange and successfully completed the investment and transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

Good medicinal materials make good medicine. Lingnan has rich medicinal plant resources, with more than 4,500 species, accounting for about 36% of the country. In recent years, Guangdong's traditional Chinese medicine industry has ranked among the top in the country, with an annual total output value exceeding 60 billion yuan, and the scale of the traditional Chinese medicine consumer market ranks first in the country. The province has laid out and built 69 Guangdong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Industrialization Bases, 18 Southern Medicine Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks, and 3 Provincial-level Characteristic Industrial Parks for Biomedicine, and selected the first batch of "Yue Eight Flavors" such as Huazhou Citrus Grandis and Guang Chenpi and the second batch of "Yue Eight Flavors" Lingnan traditional Chinese medicine protection varieties such as Cinnamon and Five Finger Peach.

From the laboratory to the fields, from a small grass to an industry. Where the fragrance of southern medicine wafts, there are fields of hope.

The Guangdong Modern Southern Medicine Industry Technology System Innovation Team is led by Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and integrates the advantages of 6 universities and research institutions. Zhan Ruoting (詹若挺), the chief expert of the team, shuttles between laboratories and fields, focusing on the "bottleneck" technology of southern medicine seed industry, and takes the integrated model of "front-end research and development, mid-end ripening, and back-end promotion" as the core, successfully building a full-chain southern medicine industry cluster development leading area, promoting the transformation of the southern medicine industry from "small, scattered, and weak" to "full-chain collaboration," and providing core support for the high-quality development of traditional Chinese medicine.

The "rebirth" of Guanghuoxiang is a microcosm of the southern medicine seed industry tackling key problems. As the core raw material of traditional Chinese medicines such as Huoxiang Zhengqi, the annual medicinal demand for Guanghuoxiang reaches 30,000 to 50,000 tons. However, due to the long-term dependence on cutting propagation leading to germplasm degradation, the industrial development is seriously restricted. Zhan Ruoting (詹若挺) led the team to adopt a systematic selection and optimization combined with molecular marker-assisted selection methods, and successfully bred excellent varieties such as "Yuehuo No. 1" and "Yuehuo No. 2," which effectively meet the needs of the industry.

Wang Hongbin (王宏斌), President of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that the school will give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine disciplines, and cooperate to build Guangdong Southern Medicine Seed Industry Innovation Park and national and provincial southern medicine industrial parks with the model of "technology empowerment + industry linkage + rural revitalization," fully serve the "hundreds, thousands, and tens of thousands of projects," and build a collaborative innovation system of "production, learning, research, and application."

Looking at the charm of traditional Chinese medicine from a coupon.

On January 5 this year, the opening of the "Futian Port - Hong Kong University Shenzhen Hospital" shuttle bus line marked the integration of people's livelihood in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area from "policy convenience" to "experience optimization." This is another achievement of HKU Shenzhen Hospital in exploring the integration of Shenzhen and Hong Kong medical care.

In 2009, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government launched the Elderly Health Care Voucher Scheme to subsidize elderly people aged 65 or above to choose medical services that better meet their needs. On October 5, 2015, HKU Shenzhen Hospital became the first pilot medical institution in the Mainland to use Hong Kong Elderly Health Care Vouchers.

"I am a Hong Konger who has lived alone in the Mainland for many years. Here, registration, consultation, and medicine collection, the health care voucher can be directly deducted, and there is no obstacle in language communication, which is as convenient as returning to Hong Kong for consultation," said Mr. Zheng (郑先生), 82 years old.

The successful pilot of HKU Shenzhen Hospital has continuously expanded the scope of use of Hong Kong Elderly Health Care Vouchers. In May 2025, the Hong Kong Department of Health announced that health care vouchers can be used to pay for outpatient medical care expenses at 21 service points in the Greater Bay Area. The 12 newly added medical institutions have been expanded to 9 Mainland cities in the Greater Bay Area, all of which are tertiary Grade A hospitals, and for the first time cover traditional Chinese medicine hospitals. In 2025, the number of Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan outpatient patients in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of HKU Shenzhen Hospital reached more than 30,000, accounting for nearly 42%.

In the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, a wisp of traditional Chinese medicine fragrance ignites the "fireworks" of the city's night. Intelligent traditional Chinese medicine experience, traditional Chinese medicine characteristic cuisine, traditional Chinese medicine identification, characteristic therapy experience... Since May 2024, 21 cities including Zhongshan have successively launched "Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Night Markets." Young people go to a "traditional Chinese medicine health party" after get off work, which is fashionable and healthy.

Walking into a clinic in Shenzhen Bao'an Pure Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment Hospital, a thermal moxibustion robot is serving a Hong Kong patient. Zhang Enxin (张恩欣), President of Shenzhen Bao'an Pure Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment Hospital, said: "We have been promoting the construction of the International Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan Traditional Chinese Medicine Physician Clinic Department since 2022. In 2024, we opened the online appointment registration function for Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan residents. The hospital's customer service center has specially set up consultation windows for Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan patients. Taking the integrated diagnosis and treatment model of traditional Chinese medicine and artificial intelligence-enabled new technologies for traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment as the starting point, we promote the integration of traditional Chinese medicine in Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Since 2023, nearly 10,000 international Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan patients have come to the hospital for treatment."

Thoughtful service makes it easier for patients to see traditional Chinese medicine. Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital has created a one-stop cross-border medical service standard called "OVERS": Open publicity and appointment channels, Value-added traditional Chinese medicine characteristic diagnosis and treatment, English throughout and multilingual support, Relay-style escort guidance, and Smart system with full coverage.

"We provide real-time translation in 80 languages and support 7 payment methods such as Hong Kong dollar cash and international credit cards. You can register with a passport or a Home Return Permit," said Zhu Meiling (朱美玲), President of Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. She hopes that patients in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area and even the world can experience the "original" traditional Chinese medicine services.

In order to facilitate cross-border medical treatment for overseas patients, under the guidance of the National Health Commission, Shenzhen has formulated and implemented China's first international hospital accreditation standard - "International Hospital Accreditation Standards (China)" (CIHA), realizing the leap from introduction to export of standards in the field of medical and health care. As of the end of 2025, more than 80 hospitals across the country have carried out accreditation, and 12 have passed the accreditation. Among them, 8 tertiary Grade A hospitals in Guangdong and Hainan have passed the accreditation, all of which have departments of traditional Chinese medicine. In particular, 4 Hong Kong and Macau medical institutions have been approved to pass the accreditation, marking the successful "going overseas" of China's hospital accreditation standards and becoming an important link in the connection of medical rules in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area.

Looking at the overseas expansion of traditional Chinese medicine from an island.

Hengqin Island is located at the southern end of Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province. The sea breeze is blowing, as if plucking the strings. Qin and Macau resonate, playing a brilliant movement of Guangdong-Macau cooperation.

The Guangdong-Macau Cooperation Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Industrial Park is the first project jointly developed by Guangdong and Macau. Since its launch in April 2011, it has become a strategic fulcrum for promoting the industrialization, modernization, and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine.

"When we first came to the park in November 2023, we only rented an office. We didn't expect the company to develop so fast that one floor is not enough now. The park provides meticulous and thoughtful services, allowing us to focus on new drugs," said Xia Wen (夏文), Chairman of Bailing Yuxiu (Zhuhai) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

The company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Guizhou Bailing Enterprise Group Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and mainly focuses on the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine treatment in the fields of chronic diseases and respiratory infections, and promotes the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine scientific research and the transformation of achievements. For example, Tangning Tongluo Tablets, based on the accumulation of sufficient clinical evidence and human experience, became the first new traditional Chinese medicine 1.1 drug in the country approved by the National Medical Products Administration to be exempted from Phase I and II clinical trials and directly carry out Phase III clinical trials.
In 2017, Zhuhai Qi Microbiological Technology Co., Ltd. (珠海岐微生物科技股份有限公司) registered in Hengqin (横琴), becoming one of the first pharmaceutical companies to settle in the park. The company mainly develops innovative TCM and small molecule chemical drugs for major ophthalmic diseases with no effective drugs worldwide—dry age-related macular degeneration. Currently, the company's innovative TCM QA108 has entered Phase III clinical trials in China. Ouyang Hui (欧阳晖), the company's chief technology officer, said: "Research papers on the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration have been published in international medical journals, laying a solid foundation for the launch of new drugs. This new drug will fill the global gap and benefit more patients with age-related macular degeneration."

At the end of 2023, the Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hengqin Laboratory) (中医药广东省实验室（横琴实验室）) was established. Currently, it has launched a number of iconic achievements such as the TCM Hengqin Large Model, TCM+AI Digital Clinic, the country's first "Four-pronged" platform for the creation of new TCM drugs, and the "Health e-Station" for intelligent production of personalized TCM medicinal and food homologous beverages.

Next to an instrument that looks like an MRI machine, Zhou Hua (周华), deputy director of the Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, told reporters: "This is a zero-magnetic TCM syndrome diagnosis equipment. We are the first to use quantum extremely weak magnetic technology to detect functional information in the state of TCM syndromes, and have established a zero-magnetic TCM syndrome diagnosis technology platform."

Liu Liang (刘良), Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (中国工程院院士) and Director of the Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, introduced that the laboratory will fully build itself into a generator of TCM scientific and technological innovation, an enabler of high-end product development, a server for high-quality development of clinical diagnosis and treatment and the technological industry, and a linker for TCM to go to the world.

"Macau (澳门) + Hengqin (横琴)" is not only a geographical combination, but also a deep integration of development logic and a superimposed release of institutional advantages. In the field of TCM, the model of "Macau Supervision + Macau Registration + Hengqin R&D + Hengqin Production" is becoming increasingly mature. In order to support the development of the TCM Industrial Park, the Macao Special Administrative Region Drug Administration (澳门特别行政区药监局) has established a service center in the industrial park to provide consulting services in the fields of TCM, medical devices, chemical drugs and non-drug products for enterprises and individuals, and promote the convenient use of Hengqin's modern manufacturing capabilities by Macau brands to go to a broader mainland and even international market.

How to let more TCM "go out"? The industrial park, by leveraging Macau's "China-Portugal Platform" and "International Window" advantages, takes Portuguese-speaking countries as the entry point and Mozambique (莫桑比克) as the pilot, and proposes an international promotion model of "promoting medicine with medicine." As of now, it has helped 25 products successfully obtain registration and listing permits in Portuguese-speaking countries. For example, the successful registration of Zhangquan Potong Oil (张权破痛油), Lianhua Qingwen Capsules (连花清瘟胶囊) and other products in Mozambique has achieved a breakthrough of zero in TCM products entering the African market in the form of herbal medicines.

An ancient pill has become a "star" in overseas markets. Huatuo Zaizao Pills (华佗再造丸) of Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group (广药集团) took the lead in breaking through international registration barriers, successfully entering the mainstream medical market for the prevention and treatment of international cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and carrying out international clinical trials targeting Caucasians. In 1999, Huatuo Zaizao Pills were registered and listed in Russia (俄罗斯) and included in the National Drug Directory of the Russian Ministry of Health; in 2009, it obtained a permanent import registration certificate in Russia, creating a "long-term access" for Chinese patent medicines in overseas markets.

"Huatuo Zaizao Pills has been ranking among the top Chinese patent medicine exports for many years, realizing a gorgeous transformation from 'going out' to 'rooting down'," said Li Xiaojun (李小军), chairman of Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group.

Strolling in Hengqin, the sea breeze is blowing. The aroma of Chinese medicine is accompanied by the aroma of coffee, exuding a unique flavor. From the Macao-Hengqin TCM Culture Street (澳琴中医药文化街) to the TCM Culture Experience Hall, from the Hengqin Pianzaihuang Guoyao Hall (横琴片仔癀国药堂) to the Dong'e Ejiao Nourishing Life Flagship Store (东阿阿胶滋补生活旗舰馆), the scenery is all the way...

"潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬 (cháo píng liǎng àn kuò, fēng zhèng yī fān xuán - "The tide is flat and the banks are wide, the wind is right and the sail is hanging," a metaphor for smooth sailing and a bright future)." Ancient TCM is焕发勃勃生机 (huàn fā bó bó shēng jī - "radiating with vigorous vitality," full of life), integrating into modern life with strong vitality, and contributing Chinese wisdom to building a community of human health.

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Let Traditional Chinese Medicine Take Center Stage on the World Stage with a New Look (Reporter's Notes)

By: 白剑峰

"Born a person of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), die a soul of TCM." At the Guangdong Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the famous saying of the first National Master of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Deng Tietao (邓铁涛), is deeply moving. This "staunch TCM supporter's" unyielding integrity inspires generations of TCM practitioners to forge ahead with determination.

Inheriting without blindly adhering to the past, innovating without deviating from the foundation. TCM is traditional, but also modern; TCM is Chinese, but also global. For thousands of years, TCM has not only made outstanding contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation but also had a profound impact on the progress of world civilization. TCM is China's unique health resource, which needs to be guarded and inherited from generation to generation, as well as kept up with the times, adhering to the right and innovating.

Inheriting the essence is to guard the "roots." It is necessary to follow TCM theory, make good use of TCM thinking, explore the essence of the TCM treasure house, and give full play to the unique advantages of TCM in disease prevention and treatment. Strengthen the inheritance of academic experience of famous and old TCM doctors and the traditional skills of veteran pharmacists, carry out the research and development of new TCM drugs based on ancient classic prescriptions, empirical prescriptions of famous and old TCM doctors, and effective ingredients or components, so that the treasures of TCM can be passed down from generation to generation.

Adhering to the right and innovating is to inject "living water." We must pay attention to interpreting the principles of TCM with modern science, explaining clearly the curative effect of TCM, promoting the combination and mutual promotion of traditional TCM and modern science, and improving the modernization level of TCM diagnosis and treatment. Use internationally accepted scientific language to open the "black box" of TCM, and move from "experience inheritance" to "evidence-led" and "data-driven."

TCM is a treasure of the Chinese nation and also a wealth of the people of the world. The world needs TCM, and TCM will also benefit the world. We must strengthen our cultural confidence, inherit, develop, and utilize the valuable wealth left to us by our ancestors, so that TCM can stand on the world medical stage with a new attitude and enhance the well-being of human health.

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Editor in Charge: Dong Siyu

Layout Design: Wang Zheping (汪哲平) Cai Huawei (蔡华伟)

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Regulations on Administrative Law Enforcement Supervision

Decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China
No. 825

The "Regulations on Administrative Law Enforcement Supervision," having been adopted at the 74th Executive Meeting of the State Council on December 5, 2025, are hereby promulgated and shall take effect on February 1, 2026.

Premier Li Qiang (李强)
December 17, 2025

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the Organizational Law of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, and the Organizational Law of the Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments of the People's Republic of China, in order to strengthen and standardize administrative law enforcement supervision, promote strict, standardized, fair, and civilized law enforcement, improve the level of administration according to law, and strengthen the construction of a government under the rule of law.

Article 2 These Regulations shall apply to the internal supervision conducted by people's governments at or above the county level over the administrative law enforcement work of their subordinate departments, dispatched agencies, and lower-level people's governments, as well as organizations authorized by laws and regulations to perform administrative functions.

Article 3 Administrative law enforcement supervision is an important component of administrative supervision, a fundamental approach to coordinating administrative law enforcement work, and a crucial part of the Party and state's oversight system.

Article 4 Administrative law enforcement supervision work shall adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, adhere to a people-centered approach, and promote the organic unity of the political, legal, and social effects of administrative law enforcement.

Administrative law enforcement supervision work shall adhere to overall coordination, enhance systematicness, integrity, and synergy, and follow the principles of emphasizing both standardization and guidance, both prevention and correction, and both supervision and protection, so as to urge the correction of administrative law enforcement problems, improve the quality and efficiency of administrative law enforcement, and ensure the correct implementation of laws and regulations.

Article 5 People's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen organizational leadership over administrative law enforcement supervision work, study and deploy administrative law enforcement supervision work, and support and ensure that administrative law enforcement supervision agencies effectively perform their duties.

Article 6 The judicial administrative departments of people's governments at or above the county level shall be the administrative law enforcement supervision agencies of the people's governments at the same level, undertake specific administrative law enforcement supervision affairs on behalf of the people's governments at the same level, be responsible for implementing administrative law enforcement supervision work, and regularly report the administrative law enforcement supervision work to the people's governments at the same level.

Judicial offices located in townships (sub-districts) shall assist the administrative law enforcement supervision agencies of the county-level people's governments in carrying out administrative law enforcement supervision work in accordance with the law.

Article 7 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall assume the following responsibilities:

(1) Guiding and supervising administrative law enforcement work, and organizing the implementation of the administrative law enforcement responsibility system and accountability system;

(2) Coordinating legal matters related to the reform of the administrative law enforcement system, and coordinating administrative law enforcement disputes;

(3) Organizing and promoting the standardization, regularization, specialization, and digitalization of administrative law enforcement;

(4) Coordinating the implementation of management systems for administrative law enforcement entities, administrative law enforcement personnel, administrative law enforcement actions, and administrative law enforcement support;

(5) Other responsibilities prescribed by laws and regulations.

Article 8 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall strictly perform their supervisory duties in accordance with the law, shall not replace administrative law enforcement with supervision, shall not abuse their powers to interfere with administrative law enforcement, and shall avoid increasing the burden on administrative law enforcement agencies.

Chapter II Scope of Supervision

Article 9 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall supervise the implementation of major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee (党中央) and the State Council (国务院) regarding administrative law enforcement work, the implementation of various administrative law enforcement systems, and the lawful conduct of administrative law enforcement by administrative law enforcement agencies.

Article 10 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall strengthen the management of the qualifications of administrative law enforcement entities, strengthen the supervision of administrative law enforcement personnel, improve the management system for the qualifications and certificates of administrative law enforcement personnel, and supervise administrative law enforcement agencies in doing a good job in the entry and exit of administrative law enforcement personnel.

Article 11 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall strengthen the supervision of administrative law enforcement actions, urge administrative law enforcement agencies to improve the quality and efficiency of administrative law enforcement, and lawfully carry out administrative licensing, administrative penalties, administrative enforcement, administrative inspections, administrative requisition and expropriation, administrative payments, and other work.

Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall supervise the following circumstances of administrative law enforcement:

(1) Whether the administrative law enforcement entity and personnel have legal qualifications;

(2) Whether the administrative law enforcement procedures are legal;

(3) Whether the administrative law enforcement decisions are illegal or obviously inappropriate;

(4) Whether there are acts of nonfeasance or malfeasance in the administrative law enforcement process, such as failure to file cases, buck-passing, substituting fines for management, illegal extraterritorial law enforcement, profit-seeking law enforcement, and arbitrary charges, arbitrary fines, arbitrary inspections, and arbitrary seizures;

(5) Whether there are uncivilized behaviors such as being simplistic and crude in the administrative law enforcement process;

(6) Whether administrative law enforcement personnel use certificates, signs, and law enforcement equipment in a standardized manner, and whether they wear standard uniforms as required;

(7) Other circumstances that affect the legality and appropriateness of administrative law enforcement.

Article 12 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall supervise the implementation of the following administrative law enforcement systems by administrative law enforcement agencies in accordance with relevant national regulations:

(1) The management system for the qualifications and certificates of administrative law enforcement personnel;

(2) Administrative law enforcement procedural systems such as administrative law enforcement publicity, full-process recording of law enforcement, and legal review of major law enforcement decisions;

(3) Administrative law enforcement standard systems such as administrative discretion benchmarks;

(4) Relevant systems such as administrative law enforcement item list management, administrative law enforcement responsibility determination, administrative law enforcement status evaluation, and administrative law enforcement accountability;

(5) The connection system between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice;

(6) Relevant systems for the construction of the rule of law in the reform of the administrative law enforcement system;

(7) Administrative law enforcement systems related to promoting the construction of a unified national market;

(8) Other administrative law enforcement systems.

Article 13 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies may coordinate disputes between administrative law enforcement agencies at the same level involving administrative law enforcement item list management, case jurisdiction, and cross-field and cross-regional administrative law enforcement; if a consensus cannot be reached through coordination, the administrative law enforcement supervision agency shall propose a handling opinion and report it to the people's government for decision according to procedures.

Chapter III Supervisory Methods

Article 14 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall, based on work needs, comprehensively use methods such as routine supervision, key supervision, and special supervision to conduct all-round, full-process, normalized, and long-term supervision of administrative law enforcement work.

Article 15 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies may conduct routine supervision of administrative law enforcement work through methods such as evaluating the implementation of laws and regulations, confirming law enforcement qualifications, reviewing law enforcement case files, and evaluating law enforcement quality and efficiency.

Article 16 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies may evaluate the implementation of laws and regulations by administrative law enforcement agencies through methods such as questionnaire surveys, individual interviews, and field research.

Article 17 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall confirm the qualifications of administrative law enforcement entities and publicize the entities that have been confirmed to have administrative law enforcement entity qualifications to the public according to procedures.

Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall review the qualifications of administrative law enforcement personnel in accordance with regulations, and issue administrative law enforcement certificates to those who meet the statutory conditions and pass the administrative law enforcement qualification examination, confirming the qualifications of administrative law enforcement personnel.

Article 18 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall check whether administrative law enforcement decisions are legal, whether they are commensurate with the facts, nature, circumstances, and degree of social harm of the illegal act, and whether administrative law enforcement documents are standardized and evidence is authentic and complete through the review of law enforcement case files.

Article 19 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall formulate evaluation plans and standards based on the law enforcement characteristics and specific circumstances of administrative law enforcement agencies, and evaluate the law enforcement quality, law enforcement effectiveness, and other aspects of administrative law enforcement agencies. The evaluation standards, process, and results shall be disclosed in an appropriate manner.

Article 20 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall conduct key supervision of typical and representative outstanding administrative law enforcement problems that are strongly reflected by enterprises and the public and have a significant social impact.

Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall promptly study and judge the clues of administrative law enforcement problems reflected through channels such as the communication mechanism for administrative law enforcement demands involving enterprises and the government service convenience hotline, and determine key supervision items.

Key supervision may take the form of listed supervision and upgraded supervision.

Article 21 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies of people's governments at or above the provincial level may, based on the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee (党中央) and the State Council (国务院), and in combination with administrative law enforcement problems reflected in suggestions from deputies to the National People's Congress, proposals from the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), supervisory recommendations, judicial recommendations, procuratorial recommendations, and administrative reconsideration recommendations, conduct special supervision of specific areas and specific issues that are related to the overall economic and social development and the vital interests of the people.

To carry out special supervision, a work plan shall be formulated, specifying the responsible departments, supervisory focus, schedule, and work requirements of the special supervision, and submitted to the people's government at the same level for approval.

Article 22 The following measures may be taken to carry out administrative law enforcement supervision:

(1) Requiring administrative law enforcement agencies to conduct self-examination and explain the situation;

(2) Conducting inspections, interviews, and unannounced visits;

(3) Organizing seminars, hearings, statistics, and evaluations;

(4) Consulting and copying materials related to the supervision matters;

(5) Interviewing the person in charge of the administrative law enforcement agency or relevant responsible persons;

(6) Other necessary measures.

Article 23 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies may invite deputies to the People's Congress, members of the CPPCC, industry representatives, experts and scholars, journalists, and others to participate in administrative law enforcement supervision activities as needed.

Article 24 Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall strengthen guidance on administrative law enforcement work by conducting policy interpretation, answering relevant questions, and publishing typical cases, so as to promote administrative law enforcement agencies and administrative law enforcement personnel to perform their duties in accordance with the law.

Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall strengthen the research on the universality and regularity of administrative law enforcement problems, summarize the experience in solving administrative law enforcement problems, and put forward suggestions on improving administrative law enforcement work and improving relevant administrative law enforcement systems.

Article 25 When administrative law enforcement supervision agencies perform their supervisory duties in accordance with the law, administrative law enforcement agencies shall cooperate, and no unit or individual may interfere with, refuse, or obstruct them.

Chapter IV Supervisory Handling

Article 26 For problems discovered in administrative law enforcement supervision, administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall issue administrative law enforcement supervision letters, administrative law enforcement supervision opinions, or request the people's government at the same level to issue administrative law enforcement supervision decisions to urge relevant administrative law enforcement agencies to correct them, depending on the circumstances.

If the problems discovered can be corrected on the spot, the administrative law enforcement supervision agency shall urge the relevant administrative law enforcement agency to correct them immediately.

Article 27 If an administrative law enforcement agency fails to perform its administrative law enforcement duties that it should have performed, the administrative law enforcement supervision agency may issue an administrative law enforcement supervision letter to urge it to perform its duties in accordance with the law.

The administrative law enforcement agency shall promptly perform its administrative law enforcement duties in accordance with the requirements of the administrative law enforcement supervision letter, and report the correction situation to the administrative law enforcement supervision agency within the prescribed time limit.

Article 28 For illegal or obviously inappropriate administrative law enforcement problems found in administrative law enforcement supervision work, the administrative law enforcement supervision agency may issue an administrative law enforcement supervision opinion to supervise the relevant administrative law enforcement agency to correct them.

The administrative law enforcement agency shall promptly correct them in accordance with the requirements of the administrative law enforcement supervision opinion, and report the correction situation to the administrative law enforcement supervision agency within the prescribed time limit.

Article 29 For major issues or if an administrative law enforcement agency fails to perform its duties as required by the administrative law enforcement supervision letter or fails to correct them as required by the administrative law enforcement supervision opinion, the administrative law enforcement supervision agency shall put forward handling suggestions and report them to the people's government at the same level for decision; if the people's government at the same level decides to correct them, it shall issue an administrative law enforcement supervision decision to correct them.

Article 30 If an administrative law enforcement agency has objections to the handling results made by the administrative law enforcement supervision agency, it may raise them to the agency and explain the reasons, and the administrative law enforcement supervision agency shall handle them promptly.

Article 31 If an administrative law enforcement supervision agency finds that an administrative law enforcement agency refuses to implement the administrative law enforcement system or that there are outstanding problems in administrative law enforcement actions, it may circulate a notice within a certain scope or announce it to the public.

Article 32 If an administrative law enforcement supervision agency finds that an administrative law enforcement officer has illegal or obviously inappropriate circumstances in the process of performing supervisory duties, it shall, comprehensively considering the subjective and objective reasons, consequences, correction situation, and other factors, put forward suggestions for criticizing and educating them, providing off-the-job education, transferring them from law enforcement positions, or revoking their law enforcement qualifications, and the organ with the power shall handle them in accordance with the law.

Article 33 Administrative law enforcement supervision shall strengthen the connection and coordination with supervisory supervision, improve the information sharing and clue transfer mechanism, and transfer clues of administrative law enforcement personnel violating the provisions of these Regulations or suspected of embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty, and other duty-related violations or crimes to the supervisory authority in accordance with the prescribed procedures.

Administrative law enforcement supervision shall strengthen coordination and connection with government supervision, administrative reconsideration, and other aspects, establish and improve the working communication and information sharing mechanism, improve the quality and efficiency of supervision, and form a joint supervisory force.

For administrative disputes that meet the conditions for acceptance of administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation, the administrative law enforcement supervision agency shall guide the parties to apply for administrative reconsideration and file administrative litigation in accordance with the law; for administrative disputes that have entered the administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation procedures, the administrative law enforcement supervision agency shall not repeat the supervision.

Article 34 People's governments at all levels shall strengthen the application of administrative law enforcement supervision results and include administrative law enforcement supervision results as an important part of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the construction of a government under the rule of law.

Chapter V Guarantee Measures

Article 35 The state shall strengthen the construction of the administrative law enforcement supervision team in a coordinated manner, and equip administrative law enforcement supervision personnel commensurate with the tasks of administrative law enforcement supervision work.

Administrative law enforcement supervision agencies shall strengthen the education and training of administrative law enforcement supervision personnel to improve their political ability and professional ability.

Article 36 The administrative law enforcement supervision agency of the State Council (国务院) shall study and formulate standards for the standardization of administrative law enforcement construction, and urge administrative law enforcement agencies to strengthen the standardization of administrative law enforcement construction.

Article 37 The administrative law enforcement supervision agency of the State Council (国务院) shall improve the integrated level of national administrative law enforcement supervision information, collect information on relevant administrative law enforcement actions, and use big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and other technologies to quickly warn of problems existing in the administrative law enforcement process, so as to achieve accurate, efficient, and real-time supervision.

The administrative law enforcement supervision agencies of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall organize the construction of administrative law enforcement supervision information systems in their respective administrative regions, strengthen data sharing, and improve the effectiveness of administrative law enforcement supervision.

Article 38 People's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the guarantee of administrative law enforcement supervision work and include the funds required for administrative law enforcement supervision work in the budget at the same level.

Chapter VI Legal Liability

Article 39 If an administrative law enforcement supervision agency fails to perform its duties in accordance with the law, the people's government at the same level or the administrative law enforcement supervision agency at a higher level shall order it to make corrections within a time limit; if it refuses to make corrections, the leading personnel and directly responsible personnel shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law.

Article 40 If administrative law enforcement supervision personnel abuse their powers, neglect their duties, or engage in malpractice for personal gain in administrative law enforcement supervision, they shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law; if a crime is constituted, they shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the law.

Article 41 Those who refuse or obstruct administrative law enforcement supervision personnel from carrying out supervision and deliberately disrupt the order of administrative law enforcement supervision work shall be given sanctions in accordance with the law.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Article 42 The supervision and inspection of the administrative law enforcement work of the subordinate agencies and dispatched agencies of the departments of the people's governments at or above the county level, and the supervision and inspection of the administrative law enforcement work of the subordinate agencies and lower-level departments of the departments that implement vertical management or implement dual leadership and are mainly led by the higher-level departments, shall be implemented with reference to the relevant provisions of these Regulations.
Article 42: The supervision and inspection of administrative law enforcement work of subordinate agencies and dispatched agencies by departments of people's governments at the county level or above, and the supervision and inspection of administrative law enforcement work of subordinate agencies and lower-level departments by departments implementing vertical management or implementing dual leadership with the leadership of higher-level departments as the mainstay, shall be implemented with reference to the relevant provisions of these Regulations.

Local people's governments at the county level or above shall, in accordance with the law, supervise the compliance with and implementation of laws and policies by administrative law enforcement agencies established within their administrative regions that implement vertical management or implement dual leadership with the leadership of higher-level departments as the mainstay, and shall promptly inform their higher-level competent departments of any problems discovered.

Departments of people's governments at the prefecture-level city level or above shall, under the guidance of the administrative law enforcement supervision agencies of the people's governments at the same level, supervise and guide the administrative law enforcement work of the corresponding departments of the people's governments at the lower level in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

Article 43: The systems concerning the management, education and training, and code of conduct of administrative law enforcement personnel involved in administrative law enforcement supervision work shall be formulated separately by the administrative law enforcement supervision agency of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council.

Article 44: These Regulations shall come into force on February 1, 2026.

(Xinhua News Agency (新华社) dispatch)

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Regulations on the Implementation of the Value-Added Tax Law of the People's Republic of China

Decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China
No. 826

The "Implementation Regulations of the Value-Added Tax Law of the People's Republic of China" was adopted at the 75th Executive Meeting of the State Council (国务院) on December 19, 2025, and is hereby promulgated and shall be implemented as of January 1, 2026.

Premier Li Qiang (李强)
December 25, 2025

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the "Value-Added Tax Law of the People's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as the Value-Added Tax Law).

Article 2 The term "goods" as mentioned in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law includes tangible movable property, electricity, heat, gas, etc.

The term "services" as mentioned in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law includes transportation services, postal services, telecommunications services, construction services, financial services, as well as information technology services, cultural and sports services, authentication and consulting services, and other production and living services.

The term "intangible assets" as mentioned in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to assets that do not have a physical form but can bring economic benefits, including technology, trademarks, copyrights, goodwill, natural resource use rights, and other intangible assets.

The term "immovable property" as mentioned in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to assets that cannot be moved or whose nature or shape will change after being moved, including buildings, structures, etc.

The financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院) shall propose the specific scope of goods, services, intangible assets, and immovable property, and promulgate them for implementation after being approved by the State Council (国务院).

Article 3 The term "units" as mentioned in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law includes enterprises, administrative organs, public institutions, military units, social organizations, and other units.

The term "individuals" as mentioned in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law includes individual industrial and commercial households and natural persons.

Article 4 The term "consumption of services and intangible assets within the territory" as mentioned in Item 4 of Article 4 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to the following situations:

(1) Overseas units or individuals sell services and intangible assets to domestic units or individuals, excluding services consumed on-site overseas;

(2) The services and intangible assets sold by overseas units or individuals are directly related to goods, immovable property, or natural resources within the territory;

(3) Other situations stipulated by the financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院).

Article 5 Taxpayers who issue special value-added tax invoices shall separately list the sales amount and the value-added tax amount.

Article 6 Taxpayers who apply the general tax calculation method are general taxpayers.

General taxpayers implement a registration system, and the specific registration measures shall be formulated by the tax authorities of the State Council (国务院).

Article 7 Natural persons are small-scale taxpayers. Non-enterprise units that do not frequently engage in taxable transactions and whose main business does not fall within the scope of taxable transactions may choose to pay taxes as small-scale taxpayers.

Chapter II Tax Rate

Article 8 The term "exported goods" as mentioned in Item 4 of Article 10 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to goods that are actually declared to customs and sold to overseas units or individuals, as well as goods deemed as exports as stipulated by the State Council (国务院).

Article 9 Domestic units or individuals selling the following services and intangible assets across borders shall have a tax rate of zero:

(1) Research and development services, contract energy management services, design services, radio, film, and television production and distribution services, software services, circuit design and testing services, information system services, business process management services, and offshore service outsourcing businesses sold to overseas units and consumed entirely overseas;

(2) Technology transferred to overseas units for use entirely overseas;

(3) International transportation services, aerospace transportation services, and foreign repair and maintenance services.

Article 10 The term "taxable transaction" as mentioned in Article 13 of the Value-Added Tax Law shall meet the following conditions simultaneously:

(1) It includes two or more businesses involving different tax rates and collection rates;

(2) There is a clear principal-subsidiary relationship between the businesses. The main business occupies the main position and reflects the substance and purpose of the transaction; the subsidiary business is a necessary supplement to the main business and is premised on the occurrence of the main business.

Chapter III Tax Payable

Article 11 The value-added tax deduction documents mentioned in Article 16 of the Value-Added Tax Law shall comply with the relevant regulations of the tax authorities of the State Council (国务院), specifically including special value-added tax invoices, special payment receipts for value-added tax on imported goods from customs, tax payment certificates, purchase invoices for agricultural products, sales invoices for agricultural products, and other deduction documents with the function of input tax deduction.

Article 12 The input tax amount deducted by taxpayers from the output tax amount based on value-added tax deduction documents includes:

(1) The value-added tax amount listed on the special value-added tax invoice obtained from the seller;

(2) The value-added tax amount listed on the special payment receipt for value-added tax on imported goods obtained from customs;

(3) The value-added tax amount listed on the tax payment certificate obtained from overseas units or individuals for purchasing services, intangible assets, or domestic immovable property;

(4) When purchasing agricultural products, in addition to obtaining a special value-added tax invoice or a special payment receipt for value-added tax on imported goods from customs, the input tax amount calculated according to the purchase invoice for agricultural products or the sales invoice for agricultural products, unless otherwise stipulated by the State Council (国务院);

(5) The value-added tax amount listed or included on other value-added tax deduction documents obtained from the seller.

Article 13 If a taxpayer calculates and pays value-added tax according to the general tax calculation method, the value-added tax amount refunded to the purchaser due to sales discounts, termination, or returns shall be deducted from the output tax amount of the current period; the value-added tax amount recovered due to sales discounts, termination, or returns shall be deducted from the input tax amount of the current period.

Article 14 If a taxpayer calculates and pays value-added tax according to the simplified tax calculation method, the sales amount refunded to the purchaser due to sales discounts, termination, or returns shall be deducted from the sales amount of the current period. If there is still an overpayment of tax after deducting the sales amount of the current period, it can be deducted from the tax payable in the future or refunded according to regulations.

Article 15 The term "total price" as mentioned in Article 17 of the Value-Added Tax Law does not include the following taxes, fees, or payments collected by the taxpayer on behalf of others:

(1) Government funds or administrative fees;

(2) Consumption tax generated from entrusted processing of consumer goods subject to consumption tax;

(3) Vehicle purchase tax and vehicle and vessel tax;

(4) Funds collected on behalf of the entrusting party with invoices issued in the name of the entrusting party.

Article 16 If a taxpayer adopts a pricing method that combines the sales amount and the value-added tax amount, the sales amount shall be calculated according to the following formula:

Sales amount for general tax calculation method = Tax-inclusive sales amount ÷ (1 + tax rate)

Sales amount for simplified tax calculation method = Tax-inclusive sales amount ÷ (1 + collection rate)

Article 17 If a taxpayer settles the sales amount in a currency other than Renminbi, the exchange rate for converting to Renminbi may be the median price of the Renminbi exchange rate effective on the day the sales amount occurs or on the 1st of the month. Once the taxpayer determines the exchange rate, it shall not be changed within 12 months.

Article 18 If a taxpayer experiences the circumstances stipulated in Article 20 of the Value-Added Tax Law, the tax authority may verify the sales amount in the following order:

(1) Determine according to the average price of similar goods, services, intangible assets, or immovable property sold by the taxpayer in the most recent period;

(2) Determine according to the average price of similar goods, services, intangible assets, or immovable property sold by other taxpayers in the most recent period;

(3) Determine according to the composed taxable price. The formula for the composed taxable price is:

Composed taxable price = Cost × (1 + cost profit rate) + consumption tax amount

In the formula, the cost profit rate is 10%, and the tax authorities of the State Council (国务院) may adjust the cost profit rate according to the actual situation of the industry cost profit.

Article 19 The term "abnormal losses" as mentioned in Item 3 of Article 22 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to situations where goods are stolen, lost, moldy, or deteriorated due to poor management, as well as situations where goods or immovable property are legally confiscated, destroyed, or demolished due to violations of laws and regulations.

The term "abnormal loss items" as mentioned in Item 3 of Article 22 of the Value-Added Tax Law includes:

(1) Purchased goods with abnormal losses, as well as related processing, repair, and transportation services;

(2) Purchased goods (excluding fixed assets), processing, repair, and transportation services consumed in work-in-progress and finished products with abnormal losses;

(3) Immovable property with abnormal losses, as well as purchased goods and construction services consumed by the immovable property;

(4) Purchased goods and construction services consumed by immovable property under construction with abnormal losses. Immovable property under construction includes taxpayers' new construction, reconstruction, expansion, repair, and decoration of immovable property.

The term "goods" in Items 3 and 4 of the second paragraph of this article refers to materials and equipment that constitute the physical entity of immovable property, including building decoration materials and water supply and drainage, heating, sanitation, ventilation, lighting, communication, gas, fire protection, central air conditioning, elevators, electrical, photovoltaic power generation, intelligent building equipment, and supporting facilities.

The term "fixed assets" in these Regulations refers to machinery, equipment, transportation vehicles, and other equipment, tools, and instruments related to production and operation with a service life of more than 12 months.

Article 20 Taxpayers' entertainment expenses belong to personal consumption as mentioned in the Value-Added Tax Law.

Article 21 The input tax amount corresponding to the interest expenses of taxpayers purchasing loan services and the expenses such as investment and financing advisory fees, handling fees, and consulting fees directly related to the loan service paid to the lender shall not be deducted from the output tax amount for the time being.

The financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院) shall conduct timely research and evaluation of the policy implementation effect of not deducting the input tax amount corresponding to the interest and related expenses of purchasing loan services from the output tax amount.

Article 22 The input tax amount corresponding to taxpayers purchasing goods, services, intangible assets, and immovable property for non-taxable transactions that simultaneously meet the following conditions (hereinafter collectively referred to as non-deductible non-taxable transactions) shall not be deducted from the output tax amount:

(1) Engaging in business activities other than those in Articles 3 to 5 of the Value-Added Tax Law and obtaining related monetary or non-monetary economic benefits;

(2) Not belonging to the circumstances stipulated in Article 6 of the Value-Added Tax Law.

Article 23 If a general taxpayer purchases goods (excluding fixed assets) and services for projects taxed under the simplified tax calculation method, value-added tax-exempt projects, and non-deductible non-taxable transactions, and the input tax amount that cannot be deducted cannot be divided, the input tax amount that cannot be deducted in the current period shall be calculated period by period according to the proportion of sales or income, and a full annual settlement shall be carried out within the tax declaration period in January of the following year.

Article 24 If the purchased goods (excluding fixed assets) and services for which the input tax amount has been deducted experience the circumstances stipulated in Items 3 to 5 of Article 22 of the Value-Added Tax Law, the corresponding input tax amount shall be deducted from the input tax amount of the current period; if the corresponding input tax amount cannot be determined, the input tax amount to be deducted shall be calculated according to the actual cost of the current period.

Article 25 If a general taxpayer obtains fixed assets, intangible assets, or immovable property (hereinafter collectively referred to as long-term assets) that are used for both projects taxed under the general tax calculation method and projects taxed under the simplified tax calculation method, value-added tax-exempt projects, non-deductible non-taxable transactions, collective welfare, or personal consumption (hereinafter collectively referred to as five types of non-deductible projects), it belongs to long-term assets used for mixed purposes, and the corresponding input tax amount shall be handled in accordance with the Value-Added Tax Law and the following provisions:

(1) For single long-term assets with an original value not exceeding 5 million yuan, the corresponding input tax amount can be fully deducted from the output tax amount;

(2) For single long-term assets with an original value exceeding 5 million yuan, the input tax amount shall be fully deducted at the time of purchase, and thereafter, during the period of use for mixed purposes, the input tax amount that cannot be deducted from the output tax amount corresponding to the five types of non-deductible projects shall be calculated according to the adjustment years and adjusted year by year.

The specific operating procedures for the deduction of input tax amount for long-term assets shall be formulated by the financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院).

Chapter IV Tax Incentives

Article 26 The term "agricultural producers" as mentioned in Item 1 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to units and individuals engaged in agricultural production; agricultural products refer to primary agricultural products.

Article 27 The term "medical institutions" as mentioned in Item 2 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to institutions established in accordance with relevant regulations that have medical institution practice qualifications, including medical institutions of all levels and types of the military and armed police forces, excluding for-profit cosmetic medical institutions.

Article 28 The term "ancient and old books" as mentioned in Item 3 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to ancient books and old books acquired from society.

Article 29 The term "nurseries and kindergartens" as mentioned in Item 7 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to institutions established in accordance with relevant regulations that have obtained childcare or preschool education qualifications, and their value-added tax-exempt income refers to childcare fees and childcare education fees within the scope of relevant fee standards; elderly care institutions refer to various types of elderly care institutions established in accordance with relevant regulations that provide centralized accommodation and care services for the elderly; disabled service institutions refer to institutions established in accordance with relevant regulations that specifically provide relevant services for the disabled.

Article 30 The term "schools" as mentioned in Item 8 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to institutions established in accordance with relevant regulations that provide academic education, as well as technical schools, senior technical schools, and technician colleges.

Article 31 The term "ticket revenue" as mentioned in Item 9 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to the first ticket revenue.

Article 32 The scope of application, standards, conditions, etc. of value-added tax preferential policies shall be disclosed to the public in a timely manner in accordance with the law.

Article 33 The financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院) shall conduct timely research and evaluation of the implementation effect of value-added tax preferential policies, and promptly report to the State Council (国务院) for adjustment and improvement of preferential policies that are no longer adapted to the needs of national economic and social development.

Chapter V Collection and Administration

Article 34 If a unit operates in the form of contracting, leasing, or affiliation, and the contractor, lessee, or affiliate operates externally in the name of the contractor, lessor, or affiliated party and the contractor, lessor, or affiliated party bears the relevant legal responsibilities, the contractor, lessor, or affiliated party is the taxpayer; in other cases, the contractor, lessee, or affiliate is the taxpayer.

For taxable transactions occurring in the operation of asset management products, the asset management product manager is the taxpayer. If the law provides otherwise, follow its provisions.

Article 35 If a natural person engages in a taxable transaction that meets the regulations, the domestic unit paying the price is the withholding agent. The specific operating procedures for withholding and payment shall be formulated by the financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院).

If an overseas unit or individual leases domestic immovable property to a natural person and has a domestic agent, the domestic agent shall declare and pay the tax.

Article 36 Unless otherwise stipulated in these Regulations, if the annual value-added tax sales amount of a unit or individual industrial and commercial household exceeds the standard for small-scale taxpayers, it shall register as a general taxpayer with the competent tax authority and calculate and pay value-added tax according to the general tax calculation method from the current period in which it exceeds the standard for small-scale taxpayers.

If a small-scale taxpayer meets the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 9 of the Value-Added Tax Law, it may register as a general taxpayer with the competent tax authority and calculate and pay value-added tax according to the general tax calculation method from the current period of registration.

After a taxpayer is registered as a general taxpayer, it shall not be converted to a small-scale taxpayer.

Article 37 If a taxpayer engages in a taxable transaction, it shall issue an invoice to the purchaser. In any of the following circumstances, a special value-added tax invoice shall not be issued:

(1) The purchaser of the taxable transaction is a natural person;

(2) The taxable transaction is exempt from value-added tax;

(3) Other circumstances stipulated by the financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院).
(III) Other circumstances prescribed by the competent financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院).

Article 38: If a taxpayer makes a taxable transaction and issues a special value-added tax (VAT) invoice, and an error occurs in the invoice, or a sales discount, suspension, or return occurs, the taxpayer shall invalidate the invoice or issue a red-letter special VAT invoice in accordance with the regulations of the competent tax authority of the State Council (国务院). If the taxpayer fails to invalidate the invoice or issue a red-letter special VAT invoice as required, the input tax or sales amount shall not be deducted in accordance with the provisions of Articles 13 and 14 of these Regulations.

Article 39: The term "receipt of sales revenue" as mentioned in item (1) of the first paragraph of Article 28 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法) refers to the receipt of funds by the taxpayer during or after a taxable transaction. The "date of obtaining the voucher for claiming sales revenue" refers to the payment date specified in the written contract. If no written contract is signed or the written contract does not specify a payment date, it refers to the date on which the taxable transaction is completed, i.e., the date on which the goods are dispatched, the service is completed, the ownership of financial commodities is transferred, the transfer of intangible assets is completed, or the transfer of real estate is completed.

Article 40: The term "the date of completion of a deemed taxable transaction" as mentioned in item (2) of the first paragraph of Article 28 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法) refers to the date on which the goods are dispatched, the ownership of financial commodities is transferred, the transfer of intangible assets is completed, or the transfer of real estate is completed.

Article 41: If a taxpayer exports goods and the date of customs declaration for export is earlier than the time when the obligation to pay tax arises as stipulated in items (1) and (2) of the first paragraph of Article 28 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法), the time when the obligation to pay tax arises shall be the date of customs declaration for export of the goods.

Article 42: The term "approved by the financial and tax authorities at or above the provincial level to file and pay taxes on a consolidated basis by the head office" as mentioned in item (1) of Article 29 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法) means that if a taxpayer has a fixed place of production and operation, and the head office and branch offices are not located in the same province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government), it may, with the approval of the competent financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院), file and pay taxes on a consolidated basis to the competent tax authority at the location of the head office. If the head office and branch offices are located in the same province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government) but not in the same county (city, district, banner), it may, with the approval of the financial and tax authorities of the province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government), file and pay taxes on a consolidated basis to the competent tax authority at the location of the head office.

Article 43: The following taxpayers may apply a tax period of one quarter as stipulated in Article 30 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法):

(I) Small-scale taxpayers;

(II) Banks, finance companies, trust companies, and credit cooperatives among general taxpayers;

(III) Other taxpayers determined by the competent tax and financial authorities of the State Council (国务院).

Article 44: Taxpayers who pay tax on a per-transaction basis shall, if the sales amount reaches the threshold, declare and pay taxes from the date the tax obligation arises to June 30 of the following year.

Article 45: Taxes shall be prepaid in accordance with regulations in the following circumstances:

(I) Providing construction services across prefecture-level administrative regions (counties and districts under the jurisdiction of municipalities directly under the Central Government);

(II) Providing construction services by means of advance payments;

(III) Selling real estate projects by means of pre-sale;

(IV) Transferring or leasing real estate located in a county (city, district, banner) different from the location of the taxpayer's institution;

(V) Oil and gas field enterprises selling services related to the production of crude oil and natural gas across provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

The specific operational measures for the prepayment of taxes stipulated in the first paragraph of this article shall be formulated by the competent financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院).

Article 46: If the head office is approved by the financial and tax authorities at or above the provincial level to file and pay taxes on a consolidated basis, the approving department may stipulate that the branch offices shall prepay taxes.

Article 47: If a taxpayer exports goods or sells cross-border services or intangible assets (hereinafter collectively referred to as export business) and declares and applies for tax refunds (exemptions) in accordance with the provisions of Article 33 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法), the amount of tax refunds (exemptions) shall be calculated using the method of exemption, deduction, and refund or the method of exemption and refund, in accordance with the export tax rebate rate stipulated by the State Council (国务院). After being reviewed and approved by the tax authority, the tax refund (exemption) shall be processed.

The method of exemption, deduction, and refund refers to the exemption of value-added tax in the export link, the corresponding input tax is deducted from the value-added tax payable, and the undeducted portion is refunded; the method of exemption and refund refers to the exemption of value-added tax in the export link, and the corresponding input tax is refunded.

Article 48: Taxpayers who apply for tax refunds (exemptions) or value-added tax exemptions for export business shall declare within the prescribed time limit; if they fail to declare within the time limit, value-added tax shall be paid in accordance with the regulations for deemed sales to domestic sales.

If a taxpayer exports goods by means of consignment, it shall handle the consignment agency export procedures in accordance with the regulations of the competent tax authority of the State Council (国务院), and the consignor shall declare and apply for export tax refunds (exemptions), value-added tax exemptions, or payment of value-added tax in accordance with regulations; if the consignment agency export procedures are not handled, the consignor of the exported goods shall declare and pay value-added tax in accordance with regulations.

Article 49: Taxpayers who apply for tax refunds (exemptions) for export business may waive the tax refunds (exemptions) and choose to be exempt from value-added tax or pay value-added tax. Starting from the month following the date of waiver of the tax refunds (exemptions), the export business applicable for tax refunds (exemptions) shall be exempt from value-added tax or pay value-added tax in accordance with regulations.

Taxpayers who apply for value-added tax exemptions for export business may waive the value-added tax exemptions and choose to pay value-added tax. Starting from the month following the date of waiver of the value-added tax exemptions, the export business applicable for value-added tax exemptions shall pay value-added tax in accordance with regulations.

Taxpayers who waive tax refunds (exemptions) or value-added tax exemptions for export business shall not be allowed to apply for tax refunds (exemptions) or value-added tax exemptions again within 36 months.

Article 50: If a sales discount, suspension, or return occurs in an export business for which tax refunds (exemptions) have been processed, the taxpayer shall return the tax refunds (exemptions) that have been received.

Article 51: The specific operational measures for value-added tax export tax refunds (exemptions) shall be formulated by the competent financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院).

Article 52: The tax authority may, in accordance with the law, obtain logistics, customs declaration, freight forwarding, fund settlement, and other information related to the collection and administration of export taxes from relevant units and individuals, and the relevant units and individuals shall provide it. The tax authority and its staff shall keep the relevant information confidential and shall not use it for purposes other than tax collection and administration. If laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, those provisions shall prevail.

Article 53: If a taxpayer implements an arrangement that does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and reduces, exempts, or postpones the payment of value-added tax, or obtains a tax refund in advance or over-refunds tax, the tax authority may make adjustments in accordance with the provisions of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Tax Collection" (中华人民共和国税收征收管理法) and relevant administrative regulations.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 54: These Regulations shall come into force on January 1, 2026.

(Xinhua News Agency (新华社) dispatch)

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German Electrical and Electronic Industry Exports Reach Record High

By: 本报记者 郭梓云

The latest data released by the German Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers' Association (ZVEI) on February 23 shows that in 2025, the export volume of the German electrical and electronic industry reached 257.5 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 5.1%, hitting a record high. Among the top ten export destinations of the industry, except for the United States and China (中国), the rest are European countries. Exports to the European market all achieved growth, with exports to Poland increasing by 17.7% and exports to Spain increasing by 15.9%. Gunther Kegel (冈瑟·凯格尔), Chairman of the German Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers' Association, said that after three years of stagnation and decline, the development of the German electrical and digital industry has gradually stabilized.
The German electrical and electronic industry is one of the pillar industries of the country's economy and the second largest industrial sector, known as the "engine of industrial innovation," with obvious cross-field technical advantages. The industry covers automation technology, consumer electronics, sensors, microchips, smart grids, the Internet of Things and other fields, absorbing employment of about 900,000 people, and revenue in 2025 accounted for about 1/10 of Germany's total industrial income. Analysts believe that the German electrical and electronic industry's export breakthrough in a complex external environment is mainly due to the continuous optimization of the export structure and the continuous improvement of its own strength.
The German electrical and electronic industry has outstanding R&D strength, with about 90,000 R&D personnel. 70% of enterprises regularly carry out product or process innovation, with an average annual patent application volume of 13,000, promoting the implementation of 1/3 of German manufacturing innovation achievements. Currently, Germany is accelerating the application of industrial artificial intelligence in the electrical and electronic industry, relying on a deep industrial base to tap into industrial data dividends. At the enterprise level, Siemens (西门子) is developing industrial artificial intelligence products and solutions, launching the Smart ECX intelligent energy and carbon management platform to help enterprises monitor energy consumption data and manage carbon footprints; Bosch Group (博世集团) is transforming from a traditional automotive supplier to a leading supplier of sensors, artificial intelligence solutions and connected products; the platform built by software company SAP (思爱普) provides support for the integration of Internet of Things technology and industrial applications.
In addition, German electrical and electronic companies are also actively deploying in areas such as artificial intelligence process automation, building electrification heating, and the transformation of new drive technologies in the transportation sector. Industry experts say that industrial artificial intelligence can optimize manufacturing processes, carry out predictive maintenance, improve product quality, and reduce production costs by analyzing industrial data. Research by IW Consult, a consulting company under the German Economic Institute, shows that the artificial intelligence field is expected to create 144 billion euros of added value for Germany by 2035. Wolfgang Weber (沃尔夫冈·韦伯), Chairman of the Executive Committee of the German Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers' Association, said that Germany has abundant industrial data resources and has first-mover advantages in the application of industrial artificial intelligence, with huge business opportunities.
Martin Meyer (马丁·迈耶), an expert at Germany Trade & Invest (德国联邦外贸与投资署), said that the performance of the German electrical and electronic industry in 2025 demonstrates the industry's resilience and sustainable development capabilities. "For international companies looking to deploy high-end manufacturing, intelligent and digital solutions in Europe, the German electrical and electronic industry is still a preferred market for long-term investment and in-depth participation," said Martin Meyer (马丁·迈耶).
(Reported from Berlin (柏林) on February 26 by this newspaper)

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Mexico Grapples with Drug Cartel Violence and Riots

By: 本报记者 谢佳宁

On February 24th, local time, the Mexican Navy dispatched 103 marines and multiple patrol vehicles to Puerto Vallarta (巴亚尔塔港), Jalisco (哈利斯科州), to strengthen street patrols and key area deployments, in full response to the large-scale retaliatory riots triggered by the killing of a drug cartel leader. The day before, the Mexican Ministry of Defense had urgently deployed 2,500 reinforcements, bringing the total number of military and police forces in the state to approximately 9,500, comprehensively building a solid security defense line to strictly prevent criminal organizations from taking the opportunity to create chaos and expand conflicts.

The Mexican government held a press conference on the 23rd to provide detailed information on the operation to capture and kill the drug cartel leader. On the 22nd, the Mexican armed forces conducted a special arrest operation in Tapalpa (塔帕尔帕市), Jalisco (哈利斯科州), and engaged in a fierce gun battle with members of the "Jalisco New Generation Cartel" (哈利斯科州新生代), resulting in the death of 4 drug cartel members on the spot, and another 3 died while being transported to Mexico City (墨西哥城) for treatment after being injured, including the gang leader Nemesio Cervantes (内梅西奥·塞万提斯). Currently, relevant departments are carrying out forensic identification procedures to formally confirm his identity.

The "Jalisco New Generation Cartel" (哈利斯科州新生代) is one of the two major organized crime groups in Mexico. This gang not only engages in drug production and trafficking for a long time, but also makes huge profits by collecting "protection fees" from merchants and agricultural producers, stealing fuel, engaging in illegal mining, and controlling resource transportation. At the same time, it is involved in multiple criminal fields such as human smuggling, cross-border smuggling, kidnapping, and weapons smuggling. Its leader has long been listed as a key wanted target. Previously, the U.S. government has repeatedly stated that if Mexico cannot destroy the drug cartel, the United States will unilaterally take military action to achieve this goal.

After the death of Nemesio Cervantes (内梅西奥·塞万提斯), multiple riots broke out in Jalisco (哈利斯科州) and its neighboring states. According to the Mexican Ministry of Security, retaliatory attacks have resulted in the deaths of 27 security personnel. Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum (辛鲍姆) said on the 23rd that the current core goal of the government is to ensure safety and peace, and to build a solid security foundation for the smooth holding of the World Cup in June this year.

Mexican senior political commentator Raimundo Palacio (雷蒙多·帕拉西奥) analyzed that killing the drug cartel leader does not mean that the "Jalisco New Generation Cartel" (哈利斯科州新生代) will completely disintegrate. This event is also a test of the Mexican government's governance capabilities, that is, whether it can simultaneously promote the fight against corruption networks, cut off the financial chains of criminal groups, and rectify local political collusion after military strikes.

It is worth noting that Mexican Defense Minister Trevilla (特雷维利亚) revealed at the press conference that since the Claudia Sheinbaum (辛鲍姆) government took office in October 2024, approximately 23,000 weapons used by drug cartels have been seized nationwide in Mexico, of which more than 80% of the weapons came from the United States, which has also become an important external challenge facing Mexico's anti-drug struggle.

(Reported from Mexico City (墨西哥城) on February 26th by this newspaper)

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Regulations on the Implementation of the Value-Added Tax Law of the People's Republic of China

Decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China
No. 826
The "Implementation Regulations of the Value-Added Tax Law of the People's Republic of China" was adopted at the 75th Executive Meeting of the State Council (国务院) on December 19, 2025, and is hereby promulgated and shall be effective as of January 1, 2026.
Premier Li Qiang (李强)
December 25, 2025

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 These Regulations are formulated in accordance with the "Value-Added Tax Law of the People's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as the Value-Added Tax Law).

Article 2 The goods referred to in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law include tangible movable property, electricity, heat, gas, etc.

The services referred to in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law include transportation services, postal services, telecommunications services, construction services, financial services, as well as information technology services, cultural and sports services, authentication and consulting services, and other production and living services.

The intangible assets referred to in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law refer to assets that do not have a physical form but can bring economic benefits, including technology, trademarks, copyrights, goodwill, natural resource use rights, and other intangible assets.

The real estate referred to in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to assets that cannot be moved or whose nature or shape will change after being moved, including buildings, structures, etc.

The finance and taxation departments of the State Council (国务院) shall propose the specific scope of goods, services, intangible assets, and real estate, and shall be promulgated and implemented after being submitted to the State Council (国务院) for approval.

Article 3 The entities referred to in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law include enterprises, administrative organs, public institutions, military units, social organizations, and other entities.

The individuals referred to in Article 3 of the Value-Added Tax Law include individual industrial and commercial households and natural persons.

Article 4 The domestic consumption of services and intangible assets referred to in Item 4 of Article 4 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to the following situations:

(1) Overseas entities or individuals sell services or intangible assets to domestic entities or individuals, excluding services consumed on-site overseas;

(2) The services or intangible assets sold by overseas entities or individuals are directly related to goods, real estate, or natural resources within the territory;

(3) Other circumstances stipulated by the finance and taxation departments of the State Council (国务院).

Article 5 Taxpayers who issue special value-added tax invoices shall separately list the sales amount and the value-added tax amount.

Article 6 Taxpayers who apply the general tax calculation method are general taxpayers.

General taxpayers implement a registration system, and the specific registration measures shall be formulated by the taxation department of the State Council (国务院).

Article 7 Natural persons are small-scale taxpayers. Non-enterprise units that do not frequently engage in taxable transactions and whose main business does not fall within the scope of taxable transactions may choose to pay taxes as small-scale taxpayers.

Chapter II Tax Rate

Article 8 The exported goods referred to in Item 4 of Article 10 of the Value-Added Tax Law refer to goods that are actually declared to customs for departure and sold to overseas entities or individuals, as well as goods deemed as exports as stipulated by the State Council (国务院).

Article 9 The tax rate for domestic entities or individuals selling the following services and intangible assets across borders is zero:

(1) Research and development services, contract energy management services, design services, radio, film and television production and distribution services, software services, circuit design and testing services, information system services, business process management services, and offshore service outsourcing businesses sold to overseas entities and consumed entirely overseas;

(2) Technology transferred to overseas entities and used entirely overseas;

(3) International transportation services, aerospace transportation services, and foreign repair and maintenance services.

Article 10 The taxable transactions referred to in Article 13 of the Value-Added Tax Law shall simultaneously meet the following conditions:

(1) It contains more than two businesses involving different tax rates and collection rates;

(2) There is a clear principal-subsidiary relationship between the businesses. The main business occupies the main position and reflects the essence and purpose of the transaction; the ancillary business is a necessary supplement to the main business and is premised on the occurrence of the main business.

Chapter III Tax Payable

Article 11 The value-added tax deduction documents referred to in Article 16 of the Value-Added Tax Law shall comply with the relevant regulations of the taxation department of the State Council (国务院), specifically including special value-added tax invoices, special payment receipts for value-added tax on imported goods from customs, tax payment certificates, agricultural product purchase invoices, agricultural product sales invoices, and other deduction documents with the function of deducting input tax.

Article 12 The input tax amount deducted by taxpayers from the output tax amount based on value-added tax deduction documents includes:

(1) The value-added tax amount listed on the special value-added tax invoice obtained from the seller;

(2) The value-added tax amount listed on the special payment receipt for value-added tax on imported goods obtained from customs;

(3) The value-added tax amount listed on the tax payment certificate obtained from purchasing services, intangible assets, or domestic real estate from overseas entities or individuals;

(4) When purchasing agricultural products, in addition to obtaining a special value-added tax invoice or a special payment receipt for value-added tax on imported goods from customs, the input tax amount calculated according to the agricultural product purchase invoice or agricultural product sales invoice, unless otherwise stipulated by the State Council (国务院);

(5) The value-added tax amount listed or included on other value-added tax deduction documents obtained from the seller.

Article 13 If a taxpayer calculates and pays value-added tax according to the general tax calculation method, the value-added tax amount refunded to the buyer due to sales discounts, suspension, or return shall be deducted from the output tax amount of the current period; the value-added tax amount recovered due to sales discounts, suspension, or return shall be deducted from the input tax amount of the current period.

Article 14 If a taxpayer calculates and pays value-added tax according to the simplified tax calculation method, the sales amount refunded to the buyer due to sales discounts, suspension, or return shall be deducted from the sales amount of the current period. If there is still an overpayment of tax after deducting the sales amount of the current period, it can be deducted from the tax payable in the future or applied for a refund in accordance with regulations.

Article 15 The total price referred to in Article 17 of the Value-Added Tax Law does not include the following taxes, fees, or payments collected by the taxpayer on behalf of others:

(1) Government funds or administrative fees;

(2) Consumption tax generated from entrusted processing of consumer goods subject to consumption tax;

(3) Vehicle purchase tax and vehicle and vessel tax;

(4) Funds collected on behalf of the entrusting party with invoices issued in the name of the entrusting party.

Article 16 If a taxpayer adopts a pricing method that combines the sales amount and the value-added tax amount, the sales amount shall be calculated according to the following formula:

Sales amount using the general tax calculation method = Tax-inclusive sales amount ÷ (1 + Tax rate)

Sales amount using the simplified tax calculation method = Tax-inclusive sales amount ÷ (1 + Collection rate)

Article 17 If a taxpayer settles the sales amount in a currency other than Renminbi, the exchange rate may be the median price of the Renminbi exchange rate effective on the day the sales amount occurs or on the 1st of the month when converting to Renminbi. Once the taxpayer determines the exchange rate, it shall not be changed within 12 months.

Article 18 If a taxpayer has the circumstances stipulated in Article 20 of the Value-Added Tax Law, the tax authority may verify the sales amount in the following order:

(1) Determine according to the average price of similar goods, services, intangible assets, or real estate sold by the taxpayer in the most recent period;

(2) Determine according to the average price of similar goods, services, intangible assets, or real estate sold by other taxpayers in the most recent period;

(3) Determine according to the composition tax price. The formula for the composition tax price is:

Composition tax price = Cost × (1 + Cost profit rate) + Consumption tax amount

In the formula, the cost profit rate is 10%, and the taxation department of the State Council (国务院) may adjust the cost profit rate according to the actual cost profit situation of the industry.

Article 19 The abnormal losses referred to in Item 3 of Article 22 of the Value-Added Tax Law refer to situations such as theft, loss, spoilage, and deterioration of goods due to poor management, as well as legal confiscation, destruction, and demolition of goods or real estate due to violations of laws and regulations.

The abnormal loss items referred to in Item 3 of Article 22 of the Value-Added Tax Law include:

(1) Purchased goods with abnormal losses, as well as related processing, repair, and transportation services;

(2) Purchased goods (excluding fixed assets), processing, repair, and transportation services consumed in work-in-progress and finished products with abnormal losses;

(3) Real estate with abnormal losses, as well as purchased goods and construction services consumed by the real estate;

(4) Purchased goods and construction services consumed by real estate construction in progress with abnormal losses. Real estate construction in progress includes taxpayers' new construction, reconstruction, expansion, repair, and decoration of real estate.

The goods referred to in Items 3 and 4 of the second paragraph of this article refer to materials and equipment that constitute the entity of real estate, including building decoration materials and water supply and drainage, heating, sanitation, ventilation, lighting, communication, gas, fire protection, central air conditioning, elevators, electrical, photovoltaic power generation, intelligent building equipment, and supporting facilities.

The fixed assets mentioned in these Regulations refer to machinery, equipment, transportation tools, and other equipment, tools, and appliances related to production and operation with a service life of more than 12 months.

Article 20 Entertainment expenses of taxpayers belong to personal consumption as referred to in the Value-Added Tax Law.

Article 21 The input tax amount corresponding to the interest expense of taxpayers purchasing loan services, and the investment and financing consulting fees, handling fees, consulting fees, and other expenses paid to the lender that are directly related to the loan service, shall not be deducted from the output tax amount for the time being.

The finance and taxation departments of the State Council (国务院) shall conduct timely research and evaluation on the implementation effect of the policy that the input tax amount corresponding to the interest and related expenses of purchasing loan services shall not be deducted from the output tax amount.

Article 22 The input tax amount corresponding to taxpayers purchasing goods, services, intangible assets, or real estate for non-taxable transactions that simultaneously meet the following conditions (hereinafter collectively referred to as non-deductible non-taxable transactions) shall not be deducted from the output tax amount:

(1) Engaging in business activities other than those in Articles 3 to 5 of the Value-Added Tax Law and obtaining related monetary or non-monetary economic benefits;

(2) Not belonging to the circumstances stipulated in Article 6 of the Value-Added Tax Law.

Article 23 If a general taxpayer purchases goods (excluding fixed assets) or services for simplified tax calculation method projects, value-added tax-exempt projects, and non-deductible non-taxable transactions, and the input tax amount that cannot be deducted cannot be divided, the input tax amount that cannot be deducted in the current period shall be calculated period by period according to the proportion of sales or income, and the annual summary settlement shall be carried out within the tax declaration period in January of the following year.

Article 24 If purchased goods (excluding fixed assets) or services for which the input tax amount has been deducted have the circumstances stipulated in Items 3 to 5 of Article 22 of the Value-Added Tax Law, the corresponding input tax amount shall be deducted from the input tax amount of the current period; if the corresponding input tax amount cannot be determined, the input tax amount to be deducted shall be calculated according to the actual cost of the current period.

Article 25 If a general taxpayer obtains fixed assets, intangible assets, or real estate (hereinafter collectively referred to as long-term assets) that are used for both general tax calculation method projects and simplified tax calculation method projects, value-added tax-exempt projects, non-deductible non-taxable transactions, collective welfare, or personal consumption (hereinafter collectively referred to as five types of non-deductible projects), it belongs to long-term assets used for mixed purposes, and the corresponding input tax amount shall be handled in accordance with the Value-Added Tax Law and the following provisions:

(1) For a single long-term asset with an original value not exceeding 5 million yuan, the corresponding input tax amount can be fully deducted from the output tax amount;

(2) For a single long-term asset with an original value exceeding 5 million yuan, the input tax amount shall be fully deducted at the time of purchase, and thereafter, during the period of use for mixed purposes, the input tax amount that cannot be deducted from the output tax amount corresponding to the five types of non-deductible projects shall be calculated according to the adjustment years and adjusted year by year.

The specific operating methods for deducting the input tax amount of long-term assets shall be formulated by the finance and taxation departments of the State Council (国务院).

Chapter IV Tax Incentives

Article 26 The agricultural producers referred to in Item 1 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refer to units and individuals engaged in agricultural production; agricultural products refer to primary agricultural products.

Article 27 The medical institutions referred to in Item 2 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refer to institutions established in accordance with relevant regulations that have medical institution practice qualifications, including medical institutions of all levels and types of the army and armed police forces, excluding for-profit cosmetic medical institutions.

Article 28 The ancient and old books referred to in Item 3 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refer to ancient books and old books acquired from society.

Article 29 The nurseries and kindergartens referred to in Item 7 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refer to institutions established in accordance with relevant regulations that have obtained childcare or preschool education qualifications, and their value-added tax-exempt income refers to childcare fees and childcare education fees within the scope stipulated by relevant fee standards; elderly care institutions refer to various types of elderly care institutions established in accordance with relevant regulations that provide centralized accommodation and care services for the elderly; disabled service institutions refer to institutions established in accordance with relevant regulations that specifically provide relevant services for the disabled.

Article 30 The schools referred to in Item 8 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refer to institutions established in accordance with relevant regulations that provide academic education, as well as technical schools, senior technical schools, and technician colleges.

Article 31 The ticket revenue referred to in Item 9 of the first paragraph of Article 24 of the Value-Added Tax Law refers to the first ticket revenue.

Article 32 The scope of application, standards, conditions, etc. of value-added tax preferential policies shall be disclosed to the public in a timely manner in accordance with the law.

Article 33 The finance and taxation departments of the State Council (国务院) shall conduct timely research and evaluation on the implementation effect of value-added tax preferential policies, and promptly report to the State Council (国务院) for adjustment and improvement of preferential policies that are no longer adapted to the needs of national economic and social development.

Chapter V Tax Collection and Administration

Article 34 If a unit operates in the form of contracting, leasing, or affiliation, and the contractor, lessee, or affiliate operates externally in the name of the contractor, lessor, or affiliated party and the contractor, lessor, or affiliated party bears the relevant legal responsibilities, the contractor, lessor, or affiliated party shall be the taxpayer; in other cases, the contractor, lessee, or affiliate shall be the taxpayer.

For taxable transactions occurring during the operation of asset management products, the asset management product manager shall be the taxpayer. If there are other legal provisions, those provisions shall prevail.

Article 35 If a natural person has a taxable transaction that meets the regulations, the domestic unit paying the price shall be the withholding agent. The specific operating methods for withholding and remitting shall be formulated by the finance and taxation departments of the State Council (国务院).

If an overseas unit or individual leases domestic real estate to a natural person and has a domestic agent, the domestic agent shall declare and pay taxes.

Article 36 Unless otherwise stipulated in these Regulations, if the annual value-added tax sales of a unit or individual industrial and commercial household exceeds the standard for small-scale taxpayers, it shall register as a general taxpayer with the competent tax authority and calculate and pay value-added tax according to the general tax calculation method from the current period in which it exceeds the standard for small-scale taxpayers.

If a small-scale taxpayer meets the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 9 of the Value-Added Tax Law, it may register as a general taxpayer with the competent tax authority and calculate and pay value-added tax according to the general tax calculation method from the current period in which it registers.

After a taxpayer is registered as a general taxpayer, it shall not be converted to a small-scale taxpayer.

Article 37 If a taxpayer has a taxable transaction, it shall issue an invoice to the buyer. In any of the following circumstances, a special value-added tax invoice shall not be issued:

(1) The buyer of the taxable transaction is a natural person;

(2) The taxable transaction is exempt from value-added tax;

(3) Other circumstances stipulated by the finance and taxation departments of the State Council (国务院).
(III) Other circumstances prescribed by the competent financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院).

Article 38. If a taxpayer makes a taxable transaction and issues a special value-added tax (VAT) invoice, and an error occurs in the invoice, or a sales discount, suspension, or return occurs, the taxpayer shall invalidate the invoice or issue a red-letter special VAT invoice in accordance with the regulations of the competent tax authorities of the State Council (国务院). If the taxpayer fails to invalidate the invoice or issue a red-letter special VAT invoice as required, the input tax or sales amount shall not be deducted in accordance with the provisions of Articles 13 and 14 of these Regulations.

Article 39. The term "receipt of sales revenue" as mentioned in item (1) of the first paragraph of Article 28 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法) refers to the receipt of funds by the taxpayer during or after a taxable transaction; the date of obtaining the voucher for claiming sales revenue refers to the payment date specified in the written contract; if no written contract is signed or the written contract does not specify a payment date, it refers to the date of completion of the taxable transaction, that is, the date of dispatch of goods, completion of services, transfer of ownership of financial commodities, completion of transfer of intangible assets, or completion of transfer of real estate.

Article 40. The term "the date of completion of the deemed taxable transaction" as mentioned in item (2) of the first paragraph of Article 28 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法) refers to the date of dispatch of goods, transfer of ownership of financial commodities, completion of transfer of intangible assets, or completion of transfer of real estate.

Article 41. If a taxpayer exports goods and the date of customs declaration for export is earlier than the time of occurrence of the tax obligation stipulated in items (1) and (2) of the first paragraph of Article 28 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法), the time of occurrence of the tax obligation shall be the date of customs declaration for export of the goods.

Article 42. The term "approved by the financial and tax authorities at or above the provincial level to file and pay taxes on a consolidated basis by the head office" as mentioned in item (1) of Article 29 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法) means that if a taxpayer has a fixed place of production and operation, and the head office and branch offices are not located in the same province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government), with the approval of the competent financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院), the head office may file and pay taxes on a consolidated basis to the competent tax authority at the location of the head office; if the head office and branch offices are in the same province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government) but not in the same county (city, district, banner), with the approval of the financial and tax authorities of the province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government), the head office may file and pay taxes on a consolidated basis to the competent tax authority at the location of the head office.

Article 43. The following taxpayers may apply the provisions of Article 30 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法) to use a quarter as a tax period:

(I) Small-scale taxpayers;

(II) Banks, finance companies, trust companies, and credit cooperatives among general taxpayers;

(III) Other taxpayers determined by the competent tax and financial authorities of the State Council (国务院).

Article 44. Taxpayers who pay tax on a per-transaction basis shall declare and pay taxes from the date of occurrence of the tax obligation to June 30 of the following year if the sales amount reaches the threshold.

Article 45. Taxes shall be prepaid in the following circumstances as required:

(I) Providing construction services across prefecture-level administrative regions (counties and districts under municipalities directly under the Central Government);

(II) Providing construction services by means of advance payment;

(III) Selling real estate projects by means of pre-sale;

(IV) Transferring or leasing real estate located in a county (city, district, banner) different from the location of the taxpayer's organization;

(V) Oil and gas field enterprises selling services related to the production of crude oil and natural gas across provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

The specific operating procedures for the prepayment of taxes stipulated in the first paragraph of this Article shall be formulated by the competent financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院).

Article 46. If the head office is approved by the financial and tax authorities at or above the provincial level to file and pay taxes on a consolidated basis, the approving department may stipulate that the branch offices shall prepay taxes.

Article 47. If a taxpayer exports goods or cross-border sales of services and intangible assets (hereinafter collectively referred to as export business) and declares and handles tax refunds (exemptions) in accordance with the provisions of Article 33 of the Value-Added Tax Law (增值税法), the amount of tax refunds (exemptions) shall be calculated through the method of exemption, deduction, and refund or the method of exemption and refund according to the export tax refund rate stipulated by the State Council (国务院), and the tax refunds (exemptions) shall be handled after being reviewed and approved by the tax authority.

The method of exemption, deduction, and refund refers to the exemption of value-added tax in the export link, the corresponding input tax amount is deducted from the value-added tax payable, and the undeducted part is refunded; the method of exemption and refund refers to the exemption of value-added tax in the export link, and the corresponding input tax amount is refunded.

Article 48. Taxpayers who apply for tax refunds (exemptions) or VAT-free export business shall declare within the prescribed time limit; if they fail to declare within the time limit, they shall pay VAT in accordance with the regulations for deemed sales to domestic sales.

If a taxpayer exports goods by means of consignment, the taxpayer shall handle the consignment agency export procedures in accordance with the regulations of the competent tax authorities of the State Council (国务院), and the consignor shall declare and handle export tax refunds (exemptions), VAT exemption, or VAT payment in accordance with the regulations; if the consignment agency export procedures are not handled, the consignor of the exported goods shall declare and pay VAT in accordance with the regulations.

Article 49. Taxpayers who apply for tax refunds (exemptions) for export business may waive the tax refunds (exemptions) and choose to exempt VAT or pay VAT. From the month following the date of waiving the tax refunds (exemptions), the export business applicable for tax refunds (exemptions) shall be exempt from VAT or pay VAT as required.

Taxpayers who apply for VAT-free export business may waive the VAT exemption and choose to pay VAT. From the month following the date of waiving the VAT exemption, the export business applicable for VAT exemption shall pay VAT as required.

Taxpayers who waive tax refunds (exemptions) or VAT exemption for export business shall not be eligible for tax refunds (exemptions) or VAT exemption again within 36 months.

Article 50. If a sales discount, suspension, or return occurs in an export business for which tax refunds (exemptions) have been processed, the taxpayer shall return the tax refunds (exemptions) that have been received.

Article 51. The specific operating procedures for VAT export tax refunds (exemptions) shall be formulated by the competent financial and tax authorities of the State Council (国务院).

Article 52. The tax authority may, in accordance with the law, obtain logistics, customs declaration, cargo transportation agency, fund settlement, and other information related to export tax collection and management from relevant units and individuals, and the relevant units and individuals shall provide it. The tax authority and its staff shall keep the relevant information confidential and shall not use it for purposes other than tax collection and management. If laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, those provisions shall prevail.

Article 53. If a taxpayer implements an arrangement that does not have a reasonable commercial purpose to reduce, exempt, or postpone the payment of VAT, or to obtain a tax refund in advance or in excess, the tax authority may make adjustments in accordance with the provisions of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Tax Collection" (中华人民共和国税收征收管理法) and relevant administrative regulations.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 54. These Regulations shall come into force on January 1, 2026.

(Xinhua News Agency (新华社) dispatch)

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Shenzhen Fangfang Fun Bilingual School: Building a Bridge with Education, Laying a Foundation with Culture, Cultivating New Talents for the Times

In Shenzhen (深圳市), Guangdong Province (广东省), the forefront of reform and opening up, Shenzhen Futian Fangfang Fun Bilingual School (深圳市福田区方方乐趣中英文学校) has been deeply involved in the field of education for twenty-four years. Adhering to the educational philosophy of "Integrating Chinese and Western cultures, harmonizing principles and flexibility; establishing a banner, moving towards the world," the school takes the campus as a base for spreading Chinese culture and education as a bridge for Shenzhen-Hong Kong integration and cultural exchange. Amidst the surging tide of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区) construction and Shenzhen's (深圳) construction of a pilot demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the school has embarked on a path of cultivating talents "rooted in the Chinese cultural heritage and winged with an international perspective," writing a practical chapter of loving the country and Hong Kong, integrating education, and cultivating new talents for the era.

Inheriting Chinese Culture, Consolidating the Foundation of Education

Bian Chen Zhijuan (边陈之娟), a Hong Kong educator, regarded "inheriting Chinese culture and promoting Shenzhen-Hong Kong integration" as the school's mission from the very beginning. Since its establishment in 2002, patriotic education and the education of outstanding traditional Chinese culture have always run through the entire process of educating people in the school: the original musical dramas "Pearl of the Orient" (《东方之珠》) and "Belt and Road, Global Harmony" (《一带一路，天下大同》) convey feelings of home and country in artistic forms; classical Chinese recitation, traditional etiquette practices, and other teaching activities make Chinese culture a spiritual nourishment for students. In Chinese classes, foreign students recite "Bamboo Rock" (《竹石》) to understand the "tenacity" of life attitude and spiritual pursuit, learn "Chalk Ode" (《石灰吟》) to appreciate the philosophical realm of "unity of things and self" and Eastern wisdom. Students of different nationalities gradually understand the connotation of "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness" in personalized teaching, making Chinese culture a common spiritual foundation for teachers and students.

Deepening Multicultural Integration, Building a Bridge of Exchange

As a bilingual school serving students from more than 50 countries and regions, the school constructs a teaching model of "curriculum integration + cultural immersion + practical development" to create an immersive cultural environment. Writing Spring Festival couplets during the Spring Festival, wrapping zongzi for the Dragon Boat Festival, and making mooncakes for the Mid-Autumn Festival, traditional festivals become carriers of Chinese culture; paper-cutting, face-changing and other intangible cultural heritage skills enter the classroom, allowing students to touch the Chinese cultural context in fun interactions. Relying on the location advantages of Shenzhen and Hong Kong, the school was approved to open "Hong Kong Student Classes" in 2014, innovating the academic system connection mechanism to solve the educational needs of cross-border students; it has established "sister school" relationships with 4 primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong, carrying out normalized research and exchange, opening up green channels for schooling, consolidating the foundation of loving the country and Hong Kong with practical actions, and promoting Chinese culture to become a spiritual link connecting Shenzhen and Hong Kong compatriots.

Carrying out Social Practice, Deepening Educational Innovation

The school takes cultivating "international communicators" of Chinese culture as its mission and integrates social responsibility into the entire process of running the school. It has long been paired with schools in underdeveloped areas to provide assistance, donating more than 2 million yuan in teaching materials, allowing students to deepen their feelings of home and country in public welfare practices; it organizes activities such as the "Belt and Road Art Charity Expedition" and Vienna music exchanges to convey Chinese voices on the international stage. Over the past 24 years, a total of more than 3,230 students from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and foreign countries from more than 50 countries and regions have received cultural edification here, further enhancing their identity with Chinese culture. Graduates go to all parts of the world, telling Chinese stories in institutions of higher learning and industry fields, building a communication chain of "campus communication - talent cultivation - global radiation."

With twenty-four years of unremitting efforts, the development history of Shenzhen Futian Fangfang Fun Bilingual School (深圳市福田区方方乐趣中英文学校) is an epitome of Shenzhen's (深圳) opening up to the outside world in education and a vivid example of the international dissemination of Chinese culture. The school adheres to the "square" cultural foundation and upholds the "round" wisdom of communication, allowing the inheritance of Chinese culture to resonate with international dissemination. Standing at the new starting point of the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区), the school will continue to take root in the fertile soil of Shenzhen (深圳), deepen educational innovation, tell the story of the Greater Bay Area with education as a bridge, and continue to contribute to the construction of a strong education country.

Data source: Shenzhen Fangfang Fun Bilingual School (深圳方方乐趣中英文学校)

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Editor in Charge for This Edition: Zhang Mengxu, Yue Linwei, Liu Gang

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Let the Nine-Colored Deer Help Us "Connect with the Earth" (Inside and Outside the Book)

By: 谭 盾

In 2012, I went to Dunhuang (敦煌) for the first time. In the vast desert, I finally saw the Mogao Caves (莫高窟) in Dunhuang, which I had longed to see, and Mr. Fan Jinshi (樊锦诗), the then-president of the Dunhuang Research Academy (敦煌研究院), whom I had admired for a long time. The Dunhuang murals record more than 4,000 musical instruments, more than 3,000 musicians, and more than 500 ancient orchestras. These murals from thousands of years ago deeply moved me. I seemed to hear beautiful sounds from the paintings, feel compassion and love, and then have a spiritual impulse to perform these murals with symphony and bring them to the world. Unexpectedly, during this first meeting, President Fan said to me, "Xiao Tan (小谭), can you turn the murals of Dunhuang (敦煌) into sound and use music to tell the story of Dunhuang (敦煌)?" The murals cannot be taken away, but if the murals are turned into music, more people can hear it, and people all over the world can feel Chinese culture and gain life insights.
　　Not long after, I went to Dunhuang (敦煌) for the second time and saw President Fan (樊院长) again. She asked me how the creation was progressing. I replied that I had ideas, but there were too many stories in the murals. I asked her for some advice to see where to start writing. I saw President Fan (樊院长) take out books such as "Stories of Dunhuang Murals"《(敦煌壁画故事)》, "Complete Collection of Chinese Dunhuang Murals"《(中国敦煌壁画全集)》, and "A Dictionary of Dunhuang Studies"《(敦煌学大辞典)》 from her office, and then said to me, "You should read these books first." Looking at so many thick books, I found that each one had President Fan's (樊院长) handwriting, and many were out of print. I was so moved that tears almost came down. I asked President Fan (樊院长), "Are you willing to give me all these out-of-print books?" She smiled humorously and said, "I'm 'investing'!"
　　So, I started traveling back and forth between Shanghai (上海) and Dunhuang (敦煌) to search. Soon I learned that many of the original Dunhuang (敦煌) music manuscripts in the grottoes were scattered around the world, most of which were collected in libraries and museums in France (法国), the United Kingdom (英国), and Japan (日本). As a result, I went to those places to pursue the lost Dunhuang (敦煌) ancient scores and ancient musical instruments, and began to ponder how to make them emotionally connected with today's world. Finally, I selected six stories from many murals and created the six-movement symphony "Dunhuang: Ode to Compassion"《(敦煌·慈悲颂)》. These are all stories we are familiar with about how to be a good person. For example, in the first movement, "Bodhi Tree"《(菩提树)》, the little prince uses his own flesh and blood to save the dying birds, and realizes the principle of equality for all beings: "In this world, from tiny ants to huge dinosaurs, life is equal." I left the second act to the beautiful Nine-Colored Deer (九色鹿). Legend has it that one day, the Nine-Colored Deer (九色鹿) saw someone falling into the water. Knowing that she might be caught and killed by humans as soon as she appeared, she rushed over to save the drowning person regardless of her own safety. What moved me about this story was the Nine-Colored Deer's (九色鹿) kindness and selfless love, so I chose a line of poetry for the chorus: "Benefactors must never be betrayed, and friends must never be abandoned." This is the backbone of being a human being, and no one, whether child or adult, can forget it.
　　I am extremely honored to be invited to cooperate with the talented illustrator Ms. Yao Li (尧立) this time to launch the audio-visual album "Nine-Colored Deer"《(九色鹿)》 (published by China Children's Press & Publication Group (中国少年儿童出版社)), using a visual and auditory fusion method to convey the story of the Nine-Colored Deer (九色鹿) to children and parents. Because I think what Dunhuang (敦煌) leaves to the world is not only ancient murals, but also faith, faith in compassion, faith in kindness, love for nature and yearning for peace. It is this kind of belief that has made the Chinese nation respected in the world for a long time, and it is this kind of cultural heritage that makes friends from all over the world yearn for China (中国) and Dunhuang (敦煌), and listen to the story of Chinese civilization.
　　At the same time, I feel that I am creating for the future, because the future of children extends from today's stories. My two children have also listened to their grandmother tell them the story of the Nine-Colored Deer (九色鹿) since they were young. Have we ever thought about why we always like to listen to fairy tales when we are young, like to be friends with animals, and like to run and play in nature? I grew up with my grandmother in the countryside of Hunan (湖南). I remember that I often saw injured puppies lying on the ground for two hours. The elders said that the dogs were "drawing earth energy" (扯地气). It turns out that earth energy is a kind of vitality and energy that can help injured puppies recover quickly. In my opinion, fairy tales about nature and animals are a wisdom enlightenment given to us by the earth and life, allowing us to lie on the earth and "draw earth energy" (扯地气), distinguish between good and evil, and pass on the heart of love from generation to generation. This is our love for nature, our love for life, and our love for humanity. Only in this way can we truly make life infinite and move peacefully towards the future.
　　(The author is a composer and conductor)

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Presenting Taiwan's History Accurately and Objectively

By: 张海鹏

The publication of "Encyclopedia of Taiwan - History" (《台湾百科全书·历史》), after more than 10 years of compilation, is the first volume to be launched in the "Encyclopedia of Taiwan" (《台湾百科全书》). It uses entries to clearly explain the basic features of Taiwan's history and is a serious reader with detailed content and easy reference. The book's time frame extends from prehistoric culture to 1949, with a total of 1369 entries, consisting of an overview article, the main text, a chronology of major events, and an index, with a total of approximately 960,000 words.

History tells us that Taiwan's prehistoric ancestors and the coastal ancestors of southern Fujian, Zhejiang, and Guangdong are of the same lineage, and the southern ancestors are the earliest prehistoric ancestors of Taiwan. Historical documents show that the Chinese were the first to pay attention to Taiwan, the first to record the residents and geography of Taiwan, the first to develop Taiwan, and the first to name the place names of Taiwan. The Chinese government was the first to establish governance in Penghu (澎湖), concurrently managing Taiwan. According to the "Fujian Coastal Defense Map" (《福建海防图》) drawn during the Wanli (万历) period of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming people had already recognized and clearly recorded more than 20 settlements around Taiwan. Obviously, these settlements were all named by Chinese people who came from the mainland. "Taiwan independence" historians say that the Ming people did not have much understanding of Taiwan, which is obviously a kind of historical nihilism. "Taiwan independence" theorists say that Taiwan has been a country since ancient times, but they cannot find any historical documents to prove it, which is completely an unfounded fantasy.

To compile "Encyclopedia of Taiwan - History" (《台湾百科全书·历史》) well, the most important thing is to adhere to the One China principle. From an administrative perspective, since the Kangxi (康熙) Emperor of the Qing Dynasty unified Taiwan, Taiwan became Taiwan Prefecture (台湾府) of Fujian Province (福建省), China. In 1885, Taiwan Prefecture (台湾府) was upgraded to Taiwan Province (台湾省), greatly enhancing Taiwan's national defense position and strategic value in the southeast coast of the country. Taiwan is China's treasure island, not only referring to the beauty and richness of Taiwan, but also to the strategic significance of Taiwan in China's national defense. Taiwan is a province of China, which has been formed by long-term historical development, and its historical basis is solid and cannot be tampered with. The 50 years of Japanese occupation of Taiwan is a historical tragedy, Japan's colonial rule was illegal, the victory of the Chinese people's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression laid the foundation for Taiwan's return to the motherland, and Taiwan's recovery washed away the historical shame. The "Cairo Declaration" (《开罗宣言》), "Potsdam Proclamation" (《波茨坦公告》) and other international legal documents clearly stipulate the legal status of Taiwan as part of China.

"Encyclopedia of Taiwan - History" (《台湾百科全书·历史》) is based on the basic consensus of the academic community on the history of Taiwan. According to the historical periods of prehistoric culture, early history, the Dutch occupation period, the Ming Zheng (明郑) period, the early Qing Dynasty, the late Qing Dynasty (modern), the Japanese occupation period, and the recovery period, it provides the most basic knowledge about the historical development of Taiwan from the categories of events, systems, institutions, society, people, works, historical geography, and cultural relics and monuments, and uses detailed historical data to refute the distortion of Taiwan's history by "Taiwan independence" forces. The article "Overview of Taiwan History" (《台湾历史概述》) that I wrote is placed in front of the entries, briefly discussing the historical context of Taiwan, so that readers can have a clear understanding of the historical development of Taiwan. All the people who participated in writing the entries of the book are professional scholars who specialize in the study of Taiwan's history, and the content presented in the book is trustworthy.

"Historical research is the foundation of all social sciences." Our research on the history of Taiwan and the compilation of "Encyclopedia of Taiwan - History" (《台湾百科全书·历史》) are to serve reality, and this reality is to fully implement the Party's overall strategy for resolving the Taiwan issue in the new era. This service is not formal, but substantial. It is written with the true historical facts of Taiwan's history and has a solid academic foundation. This authentic and realistic work clearly states the historical basis for the mainland and Taiwan belonging to one China, and it shows the world that the motherland must be unified, and will inevitably be unified, which is the general trend of historical development.

(The author is a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中国社会科学院) and director of the Taiwan History Research Center (台湾史研究中心))

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A Thousand Years of Dharma Lineage Illuminates Hearts

By: 张 生

In September 2025, "Promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of outstanding Chinese traditional legal culture" was officially written into the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Publicity and Education on the Rule of Law" (《中华人民共和国法治宣传教育法》). The book "The Human Heart in the Depths of the Law: Exploring the Outstanding Chinese Traditional Legal Culture" (《法律深处是人心：中华优秀传统法律文化探秘》) emerged as a result. The book selects more than 40 typical cases in the history of Chinese law, analyzes the cases, explores the systems, reveals human nature, and deeply excavates the experience and wisdom contained in the Chinese traditional legal culture from the surface to the inside, providing a new perspective for the public to understand the unique value of the Chinese legal system.

In traditional legal history research, researchers are accustomed to discussing from the macro-level system and abstract theoretical level, and ordinary readers are like "looking at flowers in the fog." "The Human Heart in the Depths of the Law" connects legal knowledge into a vivid cultural picture by using cases to explain the system, the system to explain the culture, and the culture to explain human nature, so that readers know not only what it is, but also why it is. For example, in interpreting the "Li Chongfu Family Case" (李充分家案) in the Han Dynasty (汉代), the book first reviews the case, then introduces the legal provisions of ancient China on marriage, and finally focuses on human nature and reveals the wisdom of life—to treat marriage with an objective and open-minded attitude, neither too casual nor too entangled. The progressive writing style integrates the traditional legal system into historical situations and human conflicts, making it real, perceptible, and thought-provoking.

As a popular reading material with academic background, "The Human Heart in the Depths of the Law" contains profound historical knowledge and legal theory. The cases cited in the book include representative systems, thoughts, and cultures of the Chinese legal system, and expounds the unique cultural symbols that distinguish it from other legal systems, such as "the people are the foundation of the country" (民惟邦本), "prudent punishment with clear virtue" (明德慎罚), "virtue as the mainstay and punishment as the auxiliary" (德主刑辅), and "honoring rites and valuing law" (隆礼重法). For example, in the "Sun Zhang Correcting Edict Case" (孙章矫诏案) in the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉), Sun Zhang (孙章), a central attendant, mistakenly read the edict that brothers committed crimes together and the elder brother was severely punished as severely punishing both brothers, resulting in the younger brother being mistakenly killed. According to the law, it constituted the crime of "correcting the edict" (矫诏), which should be punished by beheading. However, the jurist Guo Gong (郭躬) started from the ancient训 of "gentlemen examine the heart" (君子原心), emphasizing that the motive should be explored in the trial, arguing that Sun Zhang belonged to negligent crime, and suggested that a fine should be imposed according to the law. Finally, Emperor Han Ming (汉明帝) approved his suggestion and repeatedly said "good." This prudent attitude demonstrates the humanistic color of "prudent punishment with clear virtue" (明德慎罚) in the Chinese legal system.

The book intersperses many humorous stories and folk proverbs, reconciling the rigor and abstraction of academic theory. For example, in the "Han Yanshou's Clever Judgment of the Land Dispute Case" (韩延寿巧断争田案), "the county magistrate misunderstood the local customs" (县官误解风土), a prefect asked a county magistrate: "What are the local customs here?" The county magistrate did not know that "local customs" referred to customs and habits, so he replied: "The wind is not strong, and the soil and sand are not flying around." The prefect asked again: "Are the people okay?" The county magistrate did not understand that "the people" referred to the common people, and replied: "Pear trees have fewer flowers this year, and it is estimated that production will be reduced." This seems like an idle stroke, but it actually coincides with the principle that law enforcement and administration must examine local customs and people's conditions, allowing readers to understand the knowledge of official governance in the Chinese legal system with a knowing smile.

For readers, the significance of this book is not to "watch the excitement of the ancients," but to start a constructive dialogue between ancient and modern times and learn legal wisdom from the depths of history. Although these wisdoms have been around for a long time, they are all in line with modern rule of law concepts. Taking the principle of "relatives concealing each other" (亲亲相隐) inherited and developed by contemporary judicial practice as an example, in the "Zhigong Testifying Against His Father" (直躬证父) case in the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋时期), Zhigong (直躬), a man of Chu (楚国), reported to the government that his father had stolen a sheep. Confucius (孔子) said after hearing about it, "The father conceals for the son, and the son conceals for the father. Straightness lies in it" (父为子隐，子为父隐，直在其中矣). The meaning is that the behavior of fathers and sons concealing each other is in line with human nature, and the law cannot force people to do what is difficult, and must respect family affection and human nature. Judging from a modern perspective, the relevant provisions of my country's current Criminal Procedure Law that do not force close relatives to testify in court are in the same line. Respect and awe for human nature are the valuable spiritual wealth that traditional legal wisdom has left us.

The book "The Human Heart in the Depths of the Law" allows boring legal history knowledge to reach ordinary readers, allows traditional legal wisdom to integrate into modern social life, and allows serious legal provisions to show humanistic care. As the title says, "The human heart is in the depths of the law." Only by understanding the human heart can we understand the true meaning of the law; only by respecting the human heart can we realize the value of the law.

(The author is the president of the Chinese Society for Legal History (中国法律史学会).)

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Arriving at Tianjin, an Ancient Ferry Crossing of Chinese Culture

By: 赵柏田

What is written here are my impressions and memories of Tang Dynasty poets, whom I encountered and who warmed me in the past five or six years.

I used to think that the situation of the Tang people was simply being masters of themselves in the endless spring mountains. In fact, freedom is only one aspect; adding the other aspect of hesitation and wandering makes up the complete picture of Tang people's lives.

The transformation of spiritual burden into poetry must be tempered through the crucible of language. The first half of Chinese literature, as Wen Yiduo (闻一多) said, from the Western Zhou to the Northern Song dynasties, is actually a history of poetry. From the *Classic of Poetry* (诗经) era, through the Han, Wei, and Six Dynasties, to the Tang Dynasty, a poetic rhetoric full of beauty and power has been forged into shape in the hands of groups of geniuses, and continues to bring us cultural confidence today. Accordingly, we have every reason to say that reading Tang poetry is returning to the literary tradition.

Tang Dynasty poets are the "legislators" of poetry. They walked out of the shadow of the palace-style poetry of the Liang and Chen dynasties, established the aesthetic rules of five-character, seven-character, ancient-style, modern-style, and new Yuefu poems, starting from the vastness of language, recasting the bones and soul of poetry. In the end, the anxiety of their hearts seemed to be healed by this aesthetic program.

This book contains fifteen "records." Except for the two articles, "Shenlong Record" (《神龙记》) and "Yuezhong Record" (《越中记》), which use group portraits to write about the "Zhuying Scholars" (珠英学士) poetry group in the Shenlong first year and the southern poetry group in the Dali years, the remaining articles focus on Wang Bo (王勃), Yang Jiong (杨炯), Luo Binwang (骆宾王), Chen Zi'ang (陈子昂), Song Zhiwen (宋之问), Li Bai (李白), Du Fu (杜甫), Yuan Zhen (元稹), Bai Juyi (白居易), Li Shen (李绅), Han Yu (韩愈), Meng Jiao (孟郊), and Li He (李贺). The successive activities of the poets basically cover the early, high, middle, and late Tang dynasties in literary history. Readers can read it as a small history of Tang poetry with a character structure.

Despite having Tang poetry texts such as *Collection of Heroes and Spirits of Rivers and Mountains* (《河岳英灵集》) and *Collection in a Box* (《箧中集》) to rely on, and documents such as *New Book of Tang* (《新唐书》), *Old Book of Tang* (《旧唐书》), *Zizhi Tongjian* (《资治通鉴》), and *Chronicles of Tang Poetry* (《唐诗纪事》) to corroborate, it is still an impossible task to fully present the spiritual portraits of Tang Dynasty poets. I did not expect to write a chronicle of nearly 300 years of Tang poetry, or to write a complete biography for each poet I wrote about. What always attracts me are the predicaments and turning points in life. It is like entering a forest, taking a cross-section of a tree, and carefully observing its annual rings and textures. This method of micro-narrative will naturally integrate the perspective of history, the verification of biography, and the style of prose. It seems that only this kind of writing can match the Tang Dynasty in my mind.

So choice is always important. Choosing characters, choosing events, choosing the cut of time. In the repeated weighing and trade-offs, a world of meaning is presented. For me, this meaning is not only to connect the voices of poets under thousands of years of dust, and to construct "a person's world of Tang poetry" that carries the writer's body temperature and integrates poetics, historical theory, and personal feelings, but more importantly, I have come to an ancient ferry of Chinese culture.

Setting sail from this ferry, Tang poetry is like a galaxy. Chen Yinke (陈寅恪) believes that the most fundamental difference between Chinese poetry and foreign poetry lies in "the relationship with history": "Although Chinese poetry is short, it includes three points: time, people, and geography." Time, people, and geography make Chinese literature always anchored to the earth and the world, which is the most distant and vast realism. Sailing along this galaxy, you will find that the eternal charm of Tang poetry lies not only in the beauty of its words and artistic conception, but also in the tenacious and indomitable spiritual strength and life eulogy of generations of Chinese people.

Walking to the depths of time, the light softens, the physical space overlaps, and the mountains and rivers and figures of thousands of years ago rush to the eyes. After the rain, the river source, the stars sink to the bottom of the sea, and the most distant things become within reach. That is already a source of Chinese culture. You calm down, hold your breath, and your heart is clear and reverent.

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New Bookshelf

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Understood. I will prioritize completing the translation first, then refining it for perfection.

By: 张 鸿

Remember, completion is the greatest respect for inspiration. Once you've finished writing, you've already won 80% of the battle. Then revise it. Once, twice, until it lives up to your initial vision.

In recent years, more and more ordinary people have started writing literature. This is originally a primal desire for human spiritual expression, but most people often stop midway. From "wanting to write" to "putting pen to paper," one needs to overcome inertia; from "completing a piece" to "achieving perfection," it is an even more arduous journey.

Having been an editor of literary journals for 30 years, I have seen many authors who are straining to **一鸣惊人** (yī míng jīng rén - "astonish with a single鸣," to become famous overnight) but cannot even finish the first paragraph. What is the fiercest enemy facing writing? It's not poor writing skills, it's not a lack of ideas, but that perfectionist imp whispering in your ear, "This won't work, that's not good enough." It makes you delete two sentences for every three you write, making you always feel that this sentence, this paragraph, is "not well written," ultimately leaving behind an unfinished "work," or nothing at all.

Don't worry about the opening being brilliant, don't think about the structure of the finished piece being exquisite, just one word: write. Write as relaxedly as chatting with an old friend, write as freely as telling a story to someone at a dinner table. Let the words flow out first, even if it's muddy water, you still need a pool to hold it.

Many talented authors are trapped in this first step. I have an excellent young writer friend who went to a prestigious school, has a good major, reads a lot, and has many ideas. I am often attracted to his novel insights. A phrase he often says is: When I write it out, many people will definitely feel the same way as you. I keep encouraging him, but I always hear him reply: I started, but it's never perfect. Always wanting to get it right in one step, what's the result? The pen tip rusted, and the inspiration went moldy.

Do you know how Ernest Hemingway wrote *The Old Man and the Sea*? Every day when he stopped writing, he deliberately didn't finish a sentence, just wrote half a sentence, leaving the other half. Why? This way, the next morning, he would have a ready-made beginning to continue writing, and the inspiration wouldn't break off. He understood too well how to deal with that perfectionist imp.

Writing is an art and a craft, and craftsmanship has two steps: first shaping, then polishing. The first draft is shaping, molding that vague idea, that so-called inspiration, into a rough form. At this time, you should be like a potter, covered in mud, it doesn't matter, the key is to let the blank form, take shape. The second draft is polishing and refining, at this time you are an editor, a sculptor, an "annoying" picky person, a person who points fingers, but also the person who makes the work shine. This process is very agonizing, but the results are gratifying. I heard a journal editor say that the writer Sonam Tsering's (索南才让) *Wilderness* was revised ten times before and after, and finally won the Lu Xun Literary Prize (鲁迅文学奖). Of course, it's not to say that all manuscripts can win awards after being revised ten times, but without this process, the work probably wouldn't have its current quality.

Many classic works in literary history had terrible first drafts, and were heavily edited and revised by editors. For example, the American writer Raymond Carver (卡佛) is known for "minimalism," which is not entirely because the writer himself believed in minimalist ideas, but because the editor forced him to become an "ism." So here's a suggestion, set up an "editor" for yourself: when writing the first draft, let the inner editor go to the side to drink tea and read leisurely books, don't disturb you, and when revising the draft, politely invite him back to work.

When you finally have a complete first draft, even if it's ugly, even if you're not satisfied, a miracle will happen: you'll turn from a "creator" into a "critic." At this time, you can see clearly where to add, where to delete, where to adjust, where the language should be poetic, where the plot is not in place, and where the character's image and personality are not suitable. Revision is not repair, it is secondary creation, it is carving beautiful jade from rough ore, making it shine.

Remember, completion is the greatest respect for inspiration. Those masterpieces that forever remain in the "conception stage" are no different from never having existed. Complete it first, then perfect it. Once you've finished writing, you've already won 80% of the battle. Then revise it. Once, twice, until it lives up to your initial vision.

A good article is revised, but first, it must be written.

(The author is the editor-in-chief of *Guangzhou Literature* (广州文艺))

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Editor in Charge for This Section: Zhang Mingse

This edition's email: dushu@peopledaily.cn
Layout design: Cai Huawei (蔡华伟)

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