Summary: The 14th National People's Congress (NPC) convened its fourth session in Beijing, with Zhao Leji presiding over the opening ceremony attended by Xi Jinping, Li Qiang, and other top leaders. Premier Li Qiang delivered the government work report, outlining achievements from 2025, goals for the "15th Five-Year Plan," and tasks for 2026, including a GDP growth target of 4.5%-5%. The NPC will also review drafts related to the 15th Five-Year Plan, national economic and social development, and central and local budgets. Li Hongzhong presented explanations on draft laws concerning ecological environment, ethnic unity, and national development planning. The report also touched on China's foreign policy, though specifics are not detailed.
Summary: The 14th National People's Congress (NPC) convened its fourth meeting in Beijing, attended by over 2,700 NPC deputies, marking the opening year of the 15th Five-Year Plan. Premier Li Qiang delivered the government work report, highlighting China's economic resilience with a 5% GDP growth and advancements in high-tech manufacturing. Deputies expressed confidence in the plan's focus on rural revitalization, private sector growth, and ecological protection. Li Hongzhong delivered explanations on the drafts of the Ecological Environment Code, the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, and the Law on National Development Planning. Deputies affirmed that they would unite as one and continue to work hard.
Summary: During a deliberation with the Jiangsu delegation at the National People's Congress, Xi Jinping emphasized that achieving the "15th Five-Year Plan" economic and social development goals requires addressing increasingly complex environments and deeper contradictions. He urged Jiangsu, as a major economic province at the forefront of reform and opening up, to take the lead in researching new situations and solving new problems. Xi stressed the importance of developing new quality productive forces (新质生产力) to enhance economic competitiveness and resilience, and called for breakthroughs in original innovation, core technologies, and the integration of innovation chains. Xi also called for expanding high-level opening up and connecting international economic cycles. Cai Qi also attended the meeting.
Summary: Xi Jinping, while participating in the Jiangsu delegation's deliberation at the fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress, emphasized the need for Jiangsu, as a major economic province, to take the lead in addressing complex issues and to achieve breakthroughs in original innovation and core technologies. He stressed the importance of developing new quality productive forces, integrating education, technology, and talent, and enhancing economic resilience by focusing on domestic circulation. Representatives, including Zhang Xiaohong, Gao Derong, Shi Zhijun and Yang Hengjun, reported on advancements in areas like technology, agriculture, and rural development, emphasizing improvements to people's livelihood. Xi also highlighted the importance of adhering to a correct view on performance evaluation for cadres and improve the quality of life for the people. There was no explicit mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of developing "new quality productive forces" (新质生产力) for China's high-quality development and economic competitiveness, highlighting Xi Jinping's instructions to Jiangsu and other major economic provinces to take the lead in this area. It cites advancements in robotics, AI, and renewable energy as examples of how technological innovation is transforming industries. The article argues that developing these new forces is essential for building a modern industrial system and withstanding external shocks in an uncertain international environment. The article references the manufacturing industry, which has been the world's largest for 16 years. It calls on all provinces to contribute based on their strengths, focusing on technological innovation to drive high-quality development.
Summary: A State Council briefing led by Shen Danyang, head of the government work report drafting group and director of the State Council Research Office, highlighted that the 2024 government work report focuses on high-quality development and emphasizes reform and innovation. The report prioritizes improving people's livelihoods, setting an economic growth target of 4.5%-5% while aiming for better results, and stresses expanding domestic demand through measures like increasing income for urban and rural residents. Chen Changsheng, a member of the drafting group and deputy director of the State Council Research Office, discussed the deployment of "Artificial Intelligence Plus," noting its growing impact and the need for improved governance and international cooperation. The report did not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: This article discusses China's 2024 economic growth target of 4.5%-5%, emphasizing it's a guiding objective rather than a mere prediction, balancing "need" and "possibility." It highlights the necessity of this growth rate to support employment, market stability, and long-term goals, including reaching moderately developed country status by 2035. The piece points to China's large market, innovation in areas like AI, and the importance of high-quality development. It also emphasizes the need to avoid both underambitious and unrealistic targets, advocating for "interval regulation" to manage uncertainties and structural adjustments. The article references Xi Jinping's remarks during his inspection in Guangdong, urging a focus on self-improvement and sustainable growth, and does not mention the United States.
Summary: The 14th National People's Congress (NPC) convened its fourth session in Beijing, with Zhao Leji presiding. Premier Li Qiang delivered the government work report, reviewing 2025's achievements and outlining goals for the "15th Five-Year Plan." Key objectives include economic growth of 4.5%-5% and creating over 12 million urban jobs. Li also highlighted focuses on domestic market strengthening, technological self-reliance, and high-level opening-up. Li Hongzhong presented explanations on draft laws concerning ecological environment, ethnic unity, and national development planning.
Summary: During a deliberation with the Jiangsu delegation at the National People's Congress, Xi Jinping emphasized that achieving the "15th Five-Year Plan" requires addressing more complex challenges. He urged Jiangsu, as a leading economic province, to spearhead innovation, focusing on original research, key technologies, and the integration of innovation chains. Xi also stressed the importance of economic resilience, internal strength, integration into the national market, and high-level opening up to the global market, while also cautioning about risk prevention. Cai Qi also participated in the meeting.
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Summary: In his government work report on March 5th, Premier Li Qiang highlighted China's achievements in 2024, including a 5% GDP growth and progress in technological innovation. He emphasized the leadership of the CCP Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core in navigating complex domestic and international challenges. The report acknowledged increased external pressure from unilateralism and protectionism, but noted that five rounds of economic and trade consultations with the United States yielded positive results, and leaders from each country achieved important consensus at the summit in Busan. For 2025, Li announced economic growth targets and policy priorities focused on high-quality development, technological self-reliance, domestic market expansion, and green transition. The report also reiterated China's commitment to peaceful development, global partnerships, and opposition to hegemony.
Summary: Premier Li Qiang, accompanied by representatives Yang Changkai, Nong Jiagui, and Li Zhijuan, joined the Yunnan delegation to review the government work report. Li affirmed Yunnan's progress in economic development, poverty alleviation, and its role as a center for South and Southeast Asian engagement. He emphasized the need for proactive measures to address uncertainties in the global environment during the inaugural year of the 15th Five-Year Plan. Li urged Yunnan to develop modern service industries, upgrade its connectivity infrastructure, and deepen its opening-up towards South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean region. There was no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Zhao Leji, Standing Committee member of the Politburo, participated in the Sichuan delegation's review, emphasizing the importance of upholding the "Two Establishments" and achieving the goals for the "15th Five-Year Plan". He affirmed Sichuan's economic and social development achievements, urging the province to implement the spirit of Xi Jinping's instructions and the Party Central Committee's decisions. Zhao called for Sichuan to seize opportunities in national strategic development, construct a modern industrial system, and contribute to the construction of a unified national market. He also stressed the importance of strengthening party building and ensuring clean governance.
Summary: Politburo Standing Committee member Wang Huning, while participating in the Guizhou delegation's review of the government work report, expressed his full support for Premier Li Qiang's report, emphasizing its alignment with Xi Jinping Thought and the Party's overall plan for the 15th Five-Year Plan. Wang highlighted the significant achievements made under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core, including advancements in economic and technological strength. He urged Guizhou to focus on high-quality development, promote new productive forces, and integrate technological and industrial innovation. Wang also stressed the importance of strengthening Party leadership and construction. There was no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the provided text.
Summary: Politburo Standing Committee member Ding Xuexiang, while participating in the Liaoning delegation's review of the government work report with representatives like Lü Zhicheng, affirmed Premier Li Qiang's report as aligned with Xi Jinping Thought. Ding highlighted China's economic achievements and resilience under Xi's leadership amidst complex domestic and international changes. He emphasized the importance of strengthening Party leadership, prioritizing technological innovation, deepening reforms, and addressing social concerns for high-quality, sustainable development during the "15th Five-Year Plan." Ding also urged Liaoning to take on greater responsibility in the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China, focusing on industrial transformation and business environment optimization. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in this article.
Summary: Li Xi, a member of the Politburo Standing Committee and Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, joined the Fujian delegation to review the government work report, expressing his full support for Premier Li Qiang's report. Li emphasized the importance of adhering to Xi Jinping Thought and the strategic deployments for Fujian's development, urging the province to deepen reform and opening up while serving the overall national and cross-strait agenda. He stressed the need for the discipline inspection organs to strengthen party building and enforce political discipline, especially regarding the "seven things to watch out for." Additionally, he called for continued efforts to combat corruption and promote high-quality development to support China's modernization. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: During a review of the government work report with the Shandong delegation, Vice President Han Zheng affirmed Premier Li Qiang's report as pragmatic and aligned with Xi Jinping Thought. Han emphasized the importance of adhering to the "Two Establishments" and "Two Safeguards" to achieve the year's objectives and ensure a strong start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." He stressed deepening reform and opening up to bolster high-quality development and better coordinate domestic and international considerations. Han called for advancing the building of a community of shared future for mankind to create a favorable environment for Chinese-style modernization.
Summary: During a meeting with the Jiangsu delegation at the National People's Congress, Xi Jinping emphasized the need for economically significant provinces like Jiangsu to take on greater responsibility in national development, particularly in light of the complex environment and challenges of the "15th Five-Year Plan." He urged Jiangsu to focus on innovation ("新") to foster new quality productive forces and high-quality development, highlighting "four news" expectations. Xi stressed enhancing economic resilience ("韧") to serve as a ballast against external shocks and encouraging bold action ("闯") to pioneer solutions to new problems. The goal is for Jiangsu to lead the way in China's modernization, contributing both economically and through innovative experiences. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The 14th National People's Congress (NPC) convened its fourth meeting in Beijing to discuss national development plans for the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Premier Li Qiang delivered the government work report, highlighting China's economic achievements in the past year, including a 5% GDP growth. NPC deputies expressed confidence in overcoming challenges and achieving development goals, particularly in areas like rural revitalization, technological innovation, and green development. Li Hongzhong delivered explanations on the drafts of the eco-environmental code, the law on promoting ethnic unity and progress, and the national development planning law. Deputies also expressed confidence in the development of private enterprises, encouraged by the draft of the 15th Five-Year Plan.
Summary: Premier Li Qiang, in his government work report, highlighted China's achievements in 2024, including a 5% GDP growth and progress in technological innovation, while acknowledging complex domestic and international challenges. The report emphasized that the Party Central Committee, with Xi Jinping at its core, responded effectively to external shocks, including trade frictions, and intensified efforts to uphold China's interests in economic and trade negotiations with the U.S., achieving positive outcomes from five rounds of consultations and reaching important consensus at the Busan summit between the two countries. Li outlined the 15th Five-Year Plan's key objectives, strategic tasks, and major projects, focusing on high-quality development, domestic circulation, common prosperity, and security. Regarding Taiwan, Li reiterated adherence to the One China principle and the "1992 Consensus," opposing "Taiwan independence" and external interference, and promoting peaceful cross-strait relations.
Summary: Several top Chinese leaders, including Wang Yi, Yin Li, and others, participated in discussions with various delegations at the National People's Congress (NPC) regarding the government work report. Wang Yi, while participating in the Guangxi delegation, voiced his support for the report and highlighted achievements made under the leadership of Xi Jinping, emphasizing the importance of "two establishes" and "two safeguards" for diplomatic work and external environment. Other leaders echoed similar sentiments, praising the accomplishments of the past year and the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan," while underscoring the leadership of Xi Jinping and the significance of the "Two Establishes." They also focused on solidifying domestic development and security for the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" and ensuring the implementation of the Party's policies. Chen Yiqin, the only person who mentioned the U.S., said that Xi Jinping had led them to calmly respond to major power games and that foreign struggles had brought out the ambition, backbone, and confidence of the Chinese people.
Summary: PLA and PAP delegates, including Central Military Commission Vice Chairman Zhang Shengmin, reviewed the government work report, deeming it significant for laying the foundation for socialist modernization. Zhang stressed the importance of upholding Xi Jinping Thought and the CMC Chairman Responsibility System, while also underscoring the political importance of remaining loyal to the core leadership and Xi Jinping. He called for enhanced military training and combat readiness to safeguard national sovereignty and interests. Further, he urged for promoting high-quality development, accelerating the integration of system combat capabilities, strengthening the construction and utilization of new combat forces, and increasing military governance, setting a good start for the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Summary: During the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) session, several CPPCC leaders, including Hu Chunhua, Shen Yueyue, Wang Yong, He Houhua, Batel, Su Hui, Jiang Zuojun and He Baoxiang, participated in discussions with committee members from various sectors. These leaders voiced their support for the government work report and emphasized the importance of upholding the "Two Establishments" and the "Two Safeguards" under the leadership of Xi Jinping. Notably, Su Hui highlighted the importance of promoting peaceful development in cross-strait relations and reunification. He Houhua called for Macao CPPCC members to actively participate in the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to promote Macao's economic diversification. The leaders underscored the need to contribute to the upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan" and advance the modernization of China.
Summary: The "15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030)" focuses on building a modern socialist country, emphasizing high-quality development, technological self-reliance, and deepening reform. The plan stresses the importance of building a strong domestic market, expanding high-level opening up, and promoting the Belt and Road Initiative. It prioritizes national security, military modernization, and the peaceful development of cross-strait relations while resolutely opposing interference from external forces and Taiwan independence. The plan also emphasizes strengthening the Party's leadership and ensuring the implementation of its policies.
Summary: The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) submitted a report to the National People's Congress (NPC) outlining the execution of the 2025 national economic and social development plan and the draft plan for 2026. The report indicated that China's economy grew by 5.0% in 2025, reaching 140.19 trillion yuan, with significant innovation in areas like AI and chip development. For 2026, the NDRC projects GDP growth of 4.5%-5%, with a focus on expanding domestic demand, promoting technological self-reliance, and deepening economic reforms. The report mentioned that China aims to expand high-level opening up and promote multi-area cooperation with other countries. The report said China will firmly crack down on "Taiwan independence" separatist forces, and promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations.
Summary: The Ministry of Finance submitted a report to the National People's Congress outlining China's 2025 budget execution and the draft budget for 2026, projecting a larger fiscal deficit for the central government in 2026, to be financed through increased national debt issuance. The report emphasized a proactive fiscal policy focused on stimulating domestic demand, supporting technological innovation, and ensuring social welfare. It also highlighted the issuance of ultra-long special treasury bonds. The report also emphasized supporting high-quality development and addressing key risks, as well as strengthening local government debt management. No individuals were mentioned in the report.
Summary: Li Hongzhong, Vice Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, presented an explanation on the *Draft Environmental Code of the People's Republic of China* to the fourth session of the 14th NPC. The code aims to codify Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought and integrate existing environmental laws for a more systematic and effective legal framework. The code addresses pollution prevention, ecological protection, and green, low-carbon development. It also includes provisions for addressing climate change and promoting international cooperation. The code will strengthen the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics.
Summary: Li Hongzhong, Vice Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, presented an explanation of the draft "Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress of the People's Republic of China" to the fourth session of the 14th NPC. The law aims to solidify the sense of community of the Chinese nation (中华民族共同体意识) and advance its construction by providing a legal foundation for ethnic unity and progress. The law outlines key principles and measures related to language, education, cultural recognition, community building, and economic development in ethnic regions. It also addresses safeguarding national sovereignty and preventing risks in ethnic affairs. No mention of the United States was made in this report.
Summary: Li Hongzhong, Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, delivered an explanation on the draft "National Development Plan Law" to the fourth session of the 14th NPC. The law aims to codify the practices of China's five-year planning system and strengthen the Party's leadership in national development. It emphasizes the importance of the NPC's role in overseeing and approving national development plans and specifies that the law supports Hong Kong and Macau in aligning with national development strategies under the "one country, two systems" principle. The draft outlines procedures for formulating, reviewing, implementing, and supervising national development plans. The report did not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
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Summary: Wuhan is undertaking a city renewal initiative focused on upgrading existing structures and communities, moving away from large-scale demolition and construction. The plan, outlined in the "Five Improvements and Four Goods" action plan, aims to improve living conditions, upgrade industries, and promote technological innovation by 2027. Projects include revitalizing old industrial areas into parks and cultural spaces, and integrating AI technology into community development. The initiative emphasizes a shift from government-led projects to a multi-governance model, encouraging public participation and market operations. The renewal efforts are intended to drive economic transformation and enhance the city's cultural heritage.
Summary: Several top Chinese leaders, including Wang Yi, Yin Li, and He Lifeng, joined various delegations at the National People's Congress to deliberate on the government work report. Wang Yi, while participating in the Guangxi delegation's review, expressed full support for the report, emphasizing the achievements made under the leadership of the CCP Central Committee headed by Xi Jinping amidst domestic and international challenges, as well as the importance of creating a favorable external environment for the "15th Five-Year Plan." Many leaders emphasized the importance of "two establishes". Chen Yiqin noted that Xi Jinping led China to "deal calmly with major power games and fought for the aspirations, backbone and confidence of the Chinese people in foreign struggles". Zhang Jun stated that the People's Court will serve and guarantee the construction of a strong domestic market, accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, and expand high-level opening to the outside world.
Summary: The Ministry of Finance submitted a report to the National People's Congress on the 2025 budget execution and the 2026 draft budget. The report outlined 2025 revenue and expenditure for central and local governments, noting a national general public budget deficit of 5.66 trillion yuan. For 2026, a proactive fiscal policy will be implemented to support domestic demand, technological innovation, and regional development, with a focus on expanding domestic demand and promoting high-quality development. The 2026 budget projects increased spending in areas like science and technology as well as education, while also emphasizing risk prevention and debt management. The report did not mention the United States or Sino-U.S. relations.
Summary: Li Hongzhong, Vice Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, delivered an explanation on the draft "Environmental Code of the People's Republic of China" to the fourth session of the 14th NPC. Li highlighted the significance of codifying existing environmental laws and regulations into a comprehensive code guided by Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought. The code aims to modernize China's approach to environmental protection, promote harmony between humans and nature, and advance both high-quality development and high-level protection. The code addresses pollution prevention, ecological protection, and green, low-carbon development, as well as international collaboration. The draft code also considers the need to address climate change and carbon neutrality.
Summary: During the annual "Two Sessions," the State Council General Office (SCGO) and relevant departments will dispatch personnel to observe and collect opinions from NPC deputies and CPPCC members. The SCGO is sending 80 staff to listen to 35 NPC delegations and 34 CPPCC sectors. Various ministries, including the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Commerce, will also participate by listening to suggestions, answering questions, and establishing 24-hour hotlines. These departments will incorporate feedback into policy-making, such as the 15th Five-Year Plan, industrial upgrades, and pro-natal policies. The SCGO aims to ensure a strong start to the 15th Five-Year Plan by diligently gathering and addressing the representatives' suggestions.
Summary: To commemorate the 63rd anniversary of the "Learn from Lei Feng" campaign, Communist Youth League organizations across China launched various volunteer activities aimed at guiding youth to serve national strategies, people's livelihoods, and social governance. These activities included promoting Lei Feng's spirit through lectures and cultural events, with provincial committees like those in Liaoning, Hunan, and Henan actively engaging youth in volunteerism. The focus of these initiatives was on serving key demographics such as the elderly, children, and new employment groups like delivery drivers with services such as healthcare, haircuts, and legal advice. Various provinces are also focusing on community service and improving the quality of volunteer services through new initiatives and guidelines.
Summary: The Chinese delegation to the Milan Winter Paralympics announced that Liu Sitong, a female alpine skier, and Ji Lijiia, a male snowboarder, will be the flag bearers for the Chinese delegation at the opening ceremony. Liu, from Liaoning, medaled in several alpine skiing events at the Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympics and will compete in five events in Milan. Ji, from Hebei, won gold and silver medals in snowboarding at the Beijing Paralympics and will participate in two snowboarding events. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The "15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030)" aims to comprehensively build a modern socialist country and achieve breakthroughs in strategic tasks related to Chinese-style modernization. It emphasizes adhering to the new development concept, promoting high-quality development, and accelerating the development of new productive forces through technological innovation. The plan prioritizes strengthening the domestic market, expanding high-level opening-up, and promoting high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. It also focuses on modernizing the national security system and capabilities, while opposing external interference and strengthening international law enforcement security cooperation.
Summary: Li Hongzhong, Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, presented an explanation of the draft "Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress of the People's Republic of China" to the fourth session of the 14th NPC. The law aims to solidify the sense of community of the Chinese nation and promote ethnic unity, following the guidance of Xi Jinping's thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work. It emphasizes the importance of a shared spiritual home, increased interaction among ethnic groups, and common prosperity. The draft includes provisions on promoting the use of the national common language and writing system. The law also states that those who organize or engage in violent terrorist activities, ethnic separatist activities, or religious extremist activities, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility.
Summary: Li Hongzhong, Vice Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, delivered an explanation on the draft "National Development Plan Law" to the fourth session of the 14th NPC. The law aims to codify the formulation, review, approval, implementation, and supervision of national development plans, emphasizing the Party's leadership and the strategic guidance role of these plans in achieving China's modernization goals. The draft includes provisions for aligning local development plans with national strategies and supporting Hong Kong and Macao's integration with national development. The law also focuses on strengthening the system of economic governance, as well as the coordination and implementation mechanisms of planning. There is no mention of the United States.
Summary: The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) submitted a report to the National People's Congress (NPC) on the draft plan for national economic and social development in 2026, reviewing the execution of the 2025 plan. The report highlighted China's 5% GDP growth in 2025 despite external challenges, with advancements in innovation, people's livelihood, and security. For 2026, the NDRC set a GDP growth target of 4.5%-5% and outlined plans to boost domestic demand, upgrade industries, and promote technological self-reliance. The report also mentions expanding high-level opening up and high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road". The NDRC emphasized the importance of adhering to the one-China principle and promoting the peaceful development of cross-strait relations.
Summary: Kunlun Lubricant, a subsidiary of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), has focused on developing and improving industrial lubricants for key sectors, including ultra-high voltage power transmission, high-speed rail, and engineering machinery. Specifically, Kunlun Lubricant's products are used in China's high-speed trains, including the Fuxing Hao, and they also have a large market share in ultra-high voltage power transmission projects. The company also achieved a milestone with its "Tianwei D1" diesel engine oil meeting the new Chinese D1 standard. Kunlun Lubricant is also expanding into the food processing, cosmetics, and rubber processing industries. The company aims to continue technological innovation to serve national strategic needs and improve people's lives.
Summary: In 2025, Wuxing District of Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, achieved a GDP exceeding 100 billion yuan, marking a significant milestone in its economic and social development. The district focused on attracting investment, promoting project construction, and upgrading its industrial structure, with strategic emerging industries and high-tech industries seeing substantial growth. Innovation and reform were also key, with advancements in attracting talent and deepening integration into the Yangtze River Delta. Wuxing aims to further implement the "industry-strong district, innovation-active district, and ecology-superior district" strategies. There is no mention of the United States in this article.
Summary: Based on the 20th CPC Central Committee's proposals, the State Council has drafted the 15th Five-Year Plan, emphasizing "promoting high-quality development" as its primary focus. The article highlights that high-quality development is essential for China's modernization and involves a shift from extensive to intensive economic growth, aiming to address societal needs and imbalances. The author emphasized that this should be done by adhering to the New Development Philosophy and addressing key challenges. The article also mentions the importance of technology self-sufficiency in light of global uncertainties and the new industrial revolution.
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of freeing up cadres' time and energy from unnecessary burdens, such as excessive meetings, paperwork, and superficial inspections, to focus on serving the people and promoting development. It argues that cadres' time is a valuable resource that should be used effectively to address practical problems and achieve high-quality development. The article calls for reducing the burdens of lower levels by the higher levels and improving the cadre evaluation system to discourage formalism and encourage practical work. It also stresses the importance of protecting cadres who are dedicated to their work and punishing those who make false accusations against them. The goal is to incentivize cadres to focus their time and energy on solving problems and serving the people, rather than engaging in superficial or self-serving activities.
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of systematically protecting and utilizing rural cultural heritage to revitalize China's countryside, aligning with Xi Jinping's directives on cultural preservation. It advocates for coordinated efforts across government departments and increased local participation to ensure the long-term preservation of cultural heritage. The piece highlights the need to identify and promote the unique cultural value and symbols embedded in rural heritage, transforming them into cultural products and brands. The article also suggests integrating heritage with modern agriculture, tourism, and cultural industries to stimulate rural development and cultivate local talent. The author does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: During the "Deputies' Corridor" event at the fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress, six NPC deputies spoke on various topics. Yang Yongxiu emphasized the importance of mastering core technologies in the automotive industry, referencing Xi Jinping's 2020 visit to FAW. Dong Jin highlighted advancements in China's blockchain technology, mentioning Xi Jinping's emphasis on technological innovation. Gao Derong discussed ensuring food security through improved wheat varieties. Nong Jiagui spoke on his 40 years of experience as a rural educator. Xu Shixiao connected her athletic achievements with China's overall progress, saying it was "China's speed" and Wang Wenyi discussed his role as a fighter pilot in safeguarding the nation.
Summary: Mei Yi, Deputy Director of the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, advocated for increased application of satellite remote sensing technology in national cultural relic monitoring, citing its effectiveness but also current limitations in coverage. Ding Shizhong, Vice Chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, proposed policies to stimulate sports consumption by integrating the sports industry with other sectors and expanding the supply of diverse goods and services. Zhao Zhenxiang, Head of the Home Economics Division of a Property Management Company, suggested integrating property management, domestic services, and elderly care to build a new community service system for both the elderly and children. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: AIA Asset Management Company (AIA AMC) officially opened in Shanghai in January 2026 after receiving regulatory approval, becoming one of the first wholly foreign-owned insurance asset management companies in Shanghai. The opening aligns with China's commitment to further opening up and promoting win-win cooperation, as emphasized by the Central Economic Work Conference at the end of 2025. AIA AMC aims to implement a long-term value investment strategy and support the real economy by investing in areas like technology, green initiatives, and elderly care. AIA Life Insurance has been actively involved in China's insurance industry development, focusing on talent development, including supporting over 3,500 students in actuarial training. The company also emphasizes responsible investment, integrating ESG principles into its investment management processes.
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Summary: During the NPC's "Minister's Corridor" press event, Minister of Science and Technology Yin Hejun stated that China's R&D spending is increasing, and emphasized strengthening original innovation and developing new productive forces, particularly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Minister of Industry and Information Technology Li Lecheng highlighted advancements in manufacturing, focusing on new energy vehicles and AI, including the growth of China's large AI models and their global impact. Director of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission Zhang Yuzhuo discussed SOE reform and the allocation of state capital to strategic sectors, including new energy, AI, and aerospace, without mentioning U.S. competition or cooperation in these sectors. The aim is to enhance the core functionality and competitiveness of state-owned enterprises.
Summary: CPPCC member Cao Peng suggests stimulating domestic demand by focusing on lower-tier markets and innovating elderly care services through supply chain optimization and AI integration. NPC deputy Yang Lianying proposes enhancing the professional capabilities of rural doctors through training, career development opportunities, and improved compensation. NPC deputy Wang Caiyun emphasizes using technological innovation to drive industrial progress in the dairy industry, focusing on improving the entire production chain and addressing the nutritional needs of the elderly. There is no mention of the U.S. or U.S.-China relations in the provided text.
Summary: Qingdao is implementing a three-year action plan (2025-2027) to build a "China Health Bay," aiming to create a health industry cluster worth 100 billion RMB by 2027. The plan focuses on integrating healthcare, elderly care, tourism, and other sectors to establish Qingdao as an internationally influential health destination. Initiatives include expanding elderly care facilities, promoting medical-elderly care collaborations, and leveraging the newly established Rehabilitation University to foster innovation in rehabilitation technology and industries. Qingdao aims to capitalize on its coastal environment and resources to develop specialized health tourism offerings, including hot spring resorts and island retreats. The plan does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
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Summary: During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, the Postal Savings Bank of China (PSBC) will focus on high-quality financial development by supporting regional coordination, real estate, manufacturing upgrades, and private enterprises. PSBC will deepen its financial services across five key areas: technology, green initiatives, inclusive finance, elderly care, and digital finance. It will also upgrade customer service, optimize online processes, activate consumer spending, and strengthen consumer credit support. PSBC has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce. The bank aims to align with national strategies to expand domestic demand and promote consumption.
The fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) opened at the Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂) in Beijing (北京) on the morning of March 5. NPC deputies, entrusted with the great trust of the people, attended the meeting to perform the sacred duties conferred by the Constitution and the law.
The atmosphere in the Ten-Thousand-People Hall of the Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂万人大礼堂) was solemn and warm. The national emblem in the center of the backdrop on the rostrum shone brightly against the backdrop of the bright red flag.
Zhao Leji (赵乐际), Executive Chairman of the Presidium of the Congress, presided over the meeting. Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Wang Dongming (王东明), Xiao Jie (肖捷), Zheng Jianbang (郑建邦), Ding Zhongli (丁仲礼), Cai Dafeng (蔡达峰), He Wei (何维), Wu Weihua (武维华), Tie Ning (铁凝), Peng Qinghua (彭清华), Zhang Qingwei (张庆伟), Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), Shohrat Zakir (雪克来提·扎克尔), and Liu Qi (刘奇), executive chairmen of the Presidium of the Congress, were seated in the executive chairman seats on the rostrum.
Xi Jinping (习近平), Li Qiang (李强), Wang Huning (王沪宁), Cai Qi (蔡奇), Ding Xuexiang (丁薛祥), Li Xi (李希), Han Zheng (韩正), and members of the Presidium of the Congress were seated on the rostrum.
2,878 deputies were expected to attend the fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress. At the meeting on the morning of March 5, 2,765 deputies were present and 113 were absent. The number of attendees met the quorum.
At 9:00 a.m., Zhao Leji (赵乐际) announced: The fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China is now open. All present stood up and sang the national anthem.
According to the agenda, Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) delivered a government work report to the Congress on behalf of the State Council. The report is divided into four parts: 1. Review of Work in 2025; 2. Main Goals and Major Tasks for the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" Period; 3. Overall Requirements and Policy Orientation for Economic and Social Development in 2026; 4. Government Work Tasks for 2026.
Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the report that 2025 was a very extraordinary year. Faced with profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, unswervingly implement the new development concept, promote high-quality development, coordinate the domestic and international situations, and successfully complete the main goals and tasks of economic and social development throughout the year. The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization took new and solid steps.
Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the report that we have thoroughly studied and implemented Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, and in accordance with the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, we have mainly done the following work in the past year: First, implementing more proactive and effective macro policies and focusing on stabilizing economic operations; second, adhering to innovation-driven development and building a modern industrial system; third, further deepening reform and opening up and smoothing the national economic cycle; fourth, coordinating the advancement of new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization, and promoting coordinated urban-rural and regional development; fifth, effectively grasping people's livelihood security and actively developing social undertakings; sixth, accelerating the construction of a beautiful China and promoting green and low-carbon development; seventh, continuously strengthening government construction and innovating and improving social governance.
Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the report that in the past five years, the cause of the Party and the country has achieved new and major achievements, and the new journey towards the second centenary goal has achieved a good start. The 20 main indicators, 17 major strategic tasks, and 102 major engineering projects determined in the "14th Five-Year Plan" have been successfully completed.
Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the report that, according to the "Recommendations of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," the State Council has prepared the "Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China (Draft)," which has been submitted to the Congress for review. To implement the main goals clarified in the Party Central Committee's "Recommendations," the "Outline (Draft)" refines and proposes 20 main indicators; it elaborates on the major strategic tasks of development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period in various fields, highlighting four aspects: first, highlighting the promotion of high-quality development; second, highlighting the strengthening of the domestic cycle; third, highlighting the promotion of common prosperity for all people; and fourth, highlighting the coordination of development and security; focusing on promoting the implementation of the goals and tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan," and taking into account strategic, guiding, and continuous considerations, the "Outline (Draft)" proposes 109 major projects in 6 aspects.
Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the report that the main expected goals for this year's development are: an economic growth of 4.5%-5%, and striving for better results in actual work; a surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5%, and an increase of more than 12 million new urban jobs; a rise in the consumer price index of around 2%; an increase in residents' income in sync with economic growth; a basic balance of international payments; a grain output of around 1.4 trillion jin; and a reduction of around 3.8% in carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP.
Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the report that the Party Central Committee has made comprehensive arrangements for this year's work, and we must thoroughly implement them and earnestly do a good job in various tasks: focusing on building a strong domestic market; stepping up efforts to cultivate and strengthen new drivers of growth; accelerating high-level self-reliance in science and technology; continuing to deepen reforms in key areas; further expanding high-level opening up to the outside world; solidly promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside; promoting new urbanization and coordinated regional development; providing greater guarantees and improvements to people's livelihoods; accelerating the promotion of a comprehensive green transition; and strengthening risk prevention and resolution and security capacity building in key areas.
In the report, Li Qiang (李强) also elaborated on strengthening government self-construction, ethnic, religious, and overseas Chinese affairs, the modernization of national defense and the military, the development of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) and cross-strait relations, as well as China's foreign policy.
According to the agenda, the Congress will review the draft outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, the State Council's report on the implementation of the 2025 National Economic and Social Development Plan and the draft 2026 National Economic and Social Development Plan, and the State Council's report on the implementation of the 2025 central and local budgets and the draft 2026 central and local budgets.
Entrusted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, gave explanations on the draft Ecological Environment Code, the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, and the draft Law on National Development Planning, respectively.
The explanation on the draft Ecological Environment Code pointed out that the codification of the Ecological Environment Code, which enshrines the theories, systems, and practical achievements of ecological civilization construction since the 18th National Congress of the Party in a codified manner and improves the legal system of ecological environment, is of great and far-reaching significance. The guiding ideology for the codification of the Ecological Environment Code is: to adhere to Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards," thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, closely focus on coordinating the promotion of the "Five-in-One" overall layout and coordinating the promotion of the "Four Comprehensives" strategic layout, focus on building a more complete socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics and building a socialist rule of law country with a higher level, summarize practical experience, adapt to the requirements of the times, simultaneously promote high-quality development and high-level protection, and comprehensively and systematically compile and revise the current ecological environment legal system mechanisms and rules and regulations in China's pollution prevention and control, ecological protection, green and low-carbon development, etc., to form an ecological environment code that is guided by Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Ecological Civilization, has Chinese characteristics, reflects the characteristics of the times, reflects the people's will, and is systematically standardized and coordinated, so as to comprehensively build a strong socialist modern country and achieve the second centenary goal, and provide a complete ecological environment legal guarantee for comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization. According to the explanation, the draft has 5 parts and 1242 articles, and the parts are in the order of general provisions, pollution prevention and control, ecological protection, green and low-carbon development, legal responsibilities, and supplementary provisions.
The explanation on the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress pointed out that implementing the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, based on the historical orientation of the Party's ethnic work in the new era, fully implementing the provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution, and formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress to consolidate the legal foundation for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese national community, is of great significance for comprehensively promoting the cause of ethnic unity and progress and promoting the unity and struggle of people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the nation with Chinese-style modernization. The legislation adheres to Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, thoroughly studies and implements Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on the Rule of Law, Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Culture, and General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work, fully implements the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly summarizes the historical achievements and successful experiences of ethnic work since the 18th National Congress of the Party, and promotes the high-quality development of the cause of ethnic unity and progress with forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main line. The draft adopts the format of "preface + 7 chapters" with a total of 64 articles.
The explanation on the draft Law on National Development Planning pointed out that earnestly summarizing the successful experience of national development planning work over a long period of time, formulating the Law on National Development Planning, clarifying the guiding ideology and principles that should be adhered to in national development planning work, and making comprehensive and systematic provisions on the specific procedures for the preparation, review and approval, implementation and supervision of national development planning, so as to provide a strong institutional guarantee for the scientific preparation and effective implementation of national development planning on the track of the rule of law. The legislation adheres to Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, thoroughly implements the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, adheres to the people-centered approach, fully and accurately implements the new development concept, summarizes the successful experience of national development planning work over a long period of time, especially since the new era, takes the Constitution as the basis, establishes the effective practices over the years as legal system norms, strives to improve the level of legalization of national development planning work, and better gives play to the strategic guiding role of national development planning and better gives play to the advantages of the national system and governance effectiveness. The draft is divided into 6 chapters with a total of 38 articles.
Also seated on the rostrum were: Wang Yi (王毅), Yin Li (尹力), Shi Taifeng (石泰峰), Liu Guozhong (刘国中), Li Ganjie (李干杰), Li Shulei (李书磊), He Lifeng (何立峰), Zhang Guoqing (张国清), Chen Wenqing (陈文清), Chen Jining (陈吉宁), Chen Min'er (陈敏尔), Yuan Jiajun (袁家军), Huang Kunming (黄坤明), Liu Jinguo (刘金国), Wang Xiaohong (王小洪), Zhang Shengmin (张升民), Wu Zhenglong (吴政隆), Shen Yiqin (谌贻琴), Zhang Jun (张军), Ying Yong (应勇), Hu Chunhua (胡春华), Shen Yueyue (沈跃跃), Wang Yong (王勇), Zhou Qiang (周强), Pagbalha Geleg Namgyal (帕巴拉·格列朗杰), Ho Hau-wah (何厚铧), Leung Chun-ying (梁振英), Batel (巴特尔), Su Hui (苏辉), Shao Hong (邵鸿), Gao Yunlong (高云龙), Mu Hong (穆虹), Xian Hui (咸辉), Wang Dongfeng (王东峰), Jiang Xinzhi (姜信治), Jiang Zuojun (蒋作君), He Baoxiang (何报翔), Wang Guangqian (王光谦), Qin Boyong (秦博勇), Zhu Yongxin (朱永新), Yang Zhen (杨震), etc.
Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region John Lee Ka-chiu (李家超) and Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region Ho Iat Seng (岑浩辉) attended the meeting and were seated on the rostrum.
Members of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) attending the fourth session attended the meeting.
Relevant responsible persons from relevant departments of the central and state organs, relevant units of the People's Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force, and various people's organizations attended or observed the meeting.
Foreign envoys to China observed the meeting.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李昌禹 亓玉昆
On the morning of March 5th, the snow-covered Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂) in Beijing (北京) was even more magnificent. More than 2,700 National People's Congress (全国人大) deputies, entrusted by the people, gathered here to discuss state affairs, talk about development, and jointly draw a grand blueprint for the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress.
This year is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan," and this meeting has attracted much attention.
The atmosphere in the Ten Thousand People Auditorium of the Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂万人大礼堂) was solemn and warm. The national emblem in the center of the backdrop on the rostrum shone brightly against the backdrop of the bright red flag.
As 9 o'clock approached, amid warm applause, Xi Jinping (习近平) and other Party and state leaders entered the venue and took their seats on the rostrum. At 9 o'clock, the meeting opened, and the entire venue stood up and sang the national anthem.
According to the agenda of the meeting, Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council (国务院) delivered a government work report to the congress on behalf of the State Council (国务院).
2025 is a very extraordinary year. A series of weighty figures show the achievements of the past year: a 5% increase in domestic production value, with a total amount reaching 140.19 trillion yuan; an increase of 9.4% and 9.2% in the added value of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing respectively; an increase of 28% and 10.9% in the production of industrial robots and integrated circuits respectively; and an annual production of more than 16 million new energy vehicles...
The achievements are gratifying, and they have not come easily.
"The Chinese people have the confidence, wisdom, and strength to overcome all difficulties and obstacles!" This sentence in the government work report inspired the deputies.
In the past year, China's economy has moved forward against pressure and demonstrated strong resilience; in the past year, China's development has moved towards new and better directions, demonstrating vigorous vitality.
"During this Spring Festival, Hainan's (海南) tourism popularity was high, and consumption continued to rise, reflecting the strong resilience and great potential of China's economy," said Lin Huan (林桓), associate researcher at the National Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization of the South China Sea of Hainan University (海南大学南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室). "With the continuous release of opening-up dividends, Hainan (海南) is not only a 'gateway' to the Chinese market, but will also become an active node for global resource allocation."
Xing Jinglong (邢京龙), an employee of the National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Mining Heavy Equipment of CITIC Heavy Industries (中信重工智能矿山重型装备全国重点实验室), who is at the forefront of the production and research of special robot enterprises, feels even more deeply, "The robots we have developed are showing their skills in high-risk scenarios such as mines, emergency response, and power, and China's robot research and application has been at the forefront of the world."
Achievements inspire people, and blueprints encourage people to forge ahead. Standing at the new starting point of the "15th Five-Year Plan," the deputies are full of confidence.
The content of "solidly promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside" in the government work report made Liu Jianming (刘建明), the Party Branch Secretary of Tangdi Village (棠棣村), Lizhu Town (漓渚镇), Keqiao District (柯桥区), Shaoxing (绍兴), Zhejiang (浙江), beam with joy: "We must cultivate high value-added agricultural, cultural, and tourism industries to attract more young people to build their dreams in their hometowns and take root in fertile land."
According to the agenda of the meeting, the congress will review the draft outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.
The expression in the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan" on developing and strengthening the private economy filled Hu Chengzhong (胡成中), Chairman of the Board of Directors of Delixi Group (德力西集团), with expectations for the future: "With the strength of policies, the precision of the rule of law, and the space for development, our private entrepreneurs have more confidence, more energy to do things, and more hope for development."
Entrusted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会), Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会副委员长), made explanations on the draft of the Ecological Environment Code, the draft of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, and the draft of the National Development Plan Law, respectively.
"Compiling the Ecological Environment Code is of far-reaching significance," said Shi Haofei (史浩飞), Vice President of the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院). "With the continuous improvement of the ecological protection system and the continuous improvement of laws, I am more confident in taking the road of green development in the '15th Five-Year Plan'!"
Walking out of the venue, Ge Shuqin (葛树芹), from Yigou Town (宜沟镇), Tangyin County (汤阴县), Anyang (安阳), Henan (河南), felt very excited and deeply aware of her responsibilities. As the Party Branch Secretary of Xiangyangzhuang Village (向阳庄村) and Sanlitun Village (三里屯村), in recent years, she has led the villagers to build an agricultural ecological cycle demonstration park, actively develop the village collective economy, and change the appearance of the village. "The government work report says that we should adhere to grasping output and production capacity, production and ecology, and increasing production and income together, and every word speaks to the hearts of us farmers," said Ge Shuqin (葛树芹). "We must implement good policies in the fields, and we must also achieve high-quality development!"
Moving towards a magnificent journey, the deputies are full of pride: As long as we unite as one, work tirelessly, and move forward step by step, the cause of the Party and the country will surely flourish, and the grand blueprint will surely become a beautiful reality.
(Reporters Zhang Wenhao (张文豪), Liu Junguo (刘军国), and Li Junqiang (李君强) participated in the writing)
Return to TopTo complete the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" for economic and social development, we need to address more complex environments and resolve deeper-seated contradictions. Jiangsu (江苏) and other major economic provinces are at the forefront of reform and opening up, and they should put effort into studying new situations and solving new problems to gain experience.
Beijing (北京), March 5th (People's Daily) - Xi Jinping (习近平), General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中共中央), President of the People's Republic of China (国家主席), and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (中央军委), emphasized during his participation in the deliberation of the Jiangsu (江苏) delegation at the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress (十四届全国人大四次会议) on the afternoon of March 5th that to complete the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" for economic and social development, we need to address more complex environments and resolve deeper-seated contradictions. Jiangsu (江苏) and other major economic provinces are at the forefront of reform and opening up, and they should put effort into studying new situations and solving new problems to gain experience.
The Jiangsu (江苏) delegation's deliberation was lively and enthusiastic. Shi Zhijun (史志军), Zhang Xiaohong (张晓宏), Shi Lei (石磊), Yang Hengjun (杨恒俊), Gao Derong (高德荣), Zhang Yufei (张雨霏), and other six representatives spoke on promoting new industrialization, promoting the integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation, strengthening key core technology research, building beautiful and harmonious villages, solving seed industry problems, and promoting the spirit of sports.
After listening to everyone's speeches, Xi Jinping (习近平) made a speech, expressing his approval of the government work report and putting forward clear requirements for grasping the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" for economic and social development in connection with the actual situation in Jiangsu (江苏).
Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out that developing new quality productive forces is crucial for promoting high-quality development and enhancing economic competitiveness. Jiangsu (江苏) has a good foundation in this regard and should strive to be at the forefront. We must promote the development of education, science, technology, and talent in an integrated manner, strive to achieve new breakthroughs in strengthening original innovation and key core technology research, seizing the commanding heights of science and technology, explore new ways to promote the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain, and promote the efficient transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, create a new situation in optimizing and upgrading traditional industries, cultivating and strengthening emerging industries, and forward-looking layout of future industries, and achieve new results in further deepening reform and removing the institutional and mechanism barriers restricting the development of new quality productive forces.
Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized that major economic provinces have a stable development base and a strong ability to resist external shocks, which can support the stability of the overall national economy. Jiangsu (江苏) should continue to work hard to enhance economic resilience. We must strengthen our internal skills and strengthen ourselves, fully integrate into the unified national market, and help smooth the domestic circulation. We must expand high-level opening up to the outside world, extensively explore the global market, and better connect international circulation. We must prevent various risks with a bottom-line mentality.
Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out that Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all the people. Jiangsu (江苏) should accurately grasp the new expectations of the people for a better life and the new characteristics of people's livelihood work under the new situation, actively and proactively answer questions such as how to achieve high-quality and full employment, how to increase the income of urban and rural residents, and how to further improve basic public services and social security levels, and explore effective ways to promote common prosperity for all the people.
Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized that the more effective the governance of the party, the more powerful the guarantee for economic and social development. We must conscientiously organize and carry out the study and education of establishing and practicing the correct view of political achievements, guide the vast number of party members and cadres to implement the general requirements of "ruling the party for the public, benefiting the people, making scientific decisions, and doing practical work," and create practical results that can stand the test of practice, the people, and history. We must adhere to grasping party spirit, party conduct, and party discipline together, and connecting the rectification of conduct and discipline with anti-corruption, and win the trust of the people with the actual results of comprehensively and strictly governing the party, and gather the majestic power to promote the development of the cause.
Cai Qi (蔡奇), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee (中共中央政治局常委) and Director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee (中央办公厅主任), participated.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李龙伊 白光迪
On the afternoon of March 5th, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) participated in the deliberations of the Jiangsu (江苏) delegation to the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized that completing the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" for economic and social development requires addressing more complex environments and resolving deeper-seated contradictions. Jiangsu (江苏) and other major economic provinces are at the forefront of reform and opening up, and they should put effort into studying new situations and solving new problems to gain experience.
At the scene, the delegates interacted face-to-face with General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平), listening carefully to the General Secretary's earnest instructions. Everyone spoke freely and closely combined with reality, and the atmosphere was warm. After the meeting, the delegates unanimously expressed that they should keep their responsibilities and missions firmly in mind, deeply cultivate their positions, and contribute to high-quality development with high-quality performance, strive to promote a good start to the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" development, and leave their own footprints of struggle in the great journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
Achieving New Breakthroughs in Seizing the High Ground of Science and Technology
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized:
Developing new quality productive forces is crucial for promoting high-quality development and enhancing economic competitiveness. Jiangsu (江苏) has a good foundation in this regard and should strive to be at the forefront.
"The General Secretary requested that we promote the development of education, science and technology, and talent in an integrated manner, and strive to achieve new breakthroughs in strengthening original innovation and tackling key core technologies, and seizing the high ground of science and technology." Zhang Xiaohong (张晓宏), Secretary of the Party Committee of Soochow University (苏州大学), introduced that over the years, Soochow University (苏州大学) has always placed the improvement of original innovation capabilities in a prominent position, aiming at the forefront areas to carry out research. Last year, he led the team to overcome the technical difficulties of flexible stacked batteries and refreshed the world record for photoelectric conversion efficiency.
"The cultivation of new quality productive forces cannot be separated from the virtuous cycle of education, science and technology, and talent." Zhang Xiaohong (张晓宏) said that Soochow University (苏州大学) has jointly trained more than 9,000 talents in short supply in the fields of biomedicine and industrial software with leading enterprises in the industry, and jointly built innovation consortia with more than 200 enterprises, which strongly supports the emergence of strategic emerging industries such as Suzhou (苏州) nanotechnology and biomedicine.
Gao Derong (高德荣), a researcher at the Jiangsu Lixiahe Area Agricultural Science Institute (江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所), has been dealing with wheat breeding for more than 30 years. At the meeting, he reported to the General Secretary on the progress of cultivating high-yield and disease-resistant varieties.
"The farmers' expectations are the driving force for our scientific researchers to overcome difficulties." Gao Derong (高德荣) said, "To deal with 'wheat diseases' that affect farmers' income, we are trying to implant 'disease-resistant genes' inside the seeds, so that farmers can use less pesticides and harvest more grain, and the harvest will be more stable." After countless combinations and repeated experiments, the team bred a Fusarium head blight-resistant variety, which is not only highly resistant to disease, but also has a high yield.
Continuing to Exert Efforts in Enhancing Economic Resilience
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized:
Jiangsu (江苏) should continue to exert efforts in enhancing economic resilience. It is necessary to practice internal skills and strengthen itself, fully integrate into the unified national market, and help unblock the domestic cycle.
"The improvement of wheat varieties has always been on the road. What we pursue is not only 'eating enough,' but also 'eating well,' and also letting grain growers have a future." Gao Derong (高德荣) said that in the future, he will continue to focus on ensuring national food security, cultivate more breakthrough varieties welcomed by farmers, and contribute to firmly holding the rice bowl and safeguarding food security.
Vigorously boosting consumption and promoting the upgrading of consumption quality are the keys to forming a strong domestic market and unblocking the domestic cycle. China's consumption structure is constantly optimized and upgraded, and the economy is more resilient and dynamic.
"Last year, 'Su Chao' (苏超) became a hit. This sports event spawned a series of consumption activities such as watching games, tourism, and catering, highlighting the strong vitality and surging vitality of the Chinese consumer market." Zhang Yufei (张雨霏), an athlete of the National Swimming Team, said, "Through the window of 'Su Chao' (苏超), we can see that service consumption and spiritual and cultural consumption are becoming new engines for driving economic growth."
Exploring Effective Ways to Promote Common Prosperity for All People
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized:
Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all people.
"The General Secretary emphasized exploring effective ways to promote common prosperity for all people. Listening to the General Secretary's important speech at the scene was very inspiring!" Shi Zhijun (史志军), Secretary of the Huai'an (淮安) Municipal Party Committee of Jiangsu Province (江苏省), said. At the meeting, he introduced to the General Secretary the situation of Huai'an (淮安) in promoting industrial development and promoting employment and income increase for the masses. In recent years, Huai'an (淮安) has adhered to the new path of industrialization, continuously expanded the scale of industry, and driven a large number of employment.
Xuyi (盱眙) vigorously develops the crayfish industry, and through scientific and technological breeding, brand building, and industrial chain extension, more and more farmers are involved in it and their income is steadily increased. "A crayfish drives the development of a county industry, making the lives of the masses more and more prosperous. Now, we are full of confidence in strengthening characteristic industries and leading the masses to become rich." Shi Zhijun (史志军) said.
"The General Secretary pointed out that Jiangsu (江苏) should accurately grasp the new expectations of the people for a better life and the new characteristics of people's livelihood work under the new situation. Rooted in rural areas for more than 20 years, I have a personal feeling for the development and changes in rural areas." Yang Hengjun (杨恒俊), Secretary of the Party Committee of Desheng Central Village (德胜中心村) in Xinqiao Town (新桥镇), Jingjiang City (靖江市), Jiangsu Province (江苏省), said that in the past, the village had a relatively weak foundation, and many young people went out to work. In recent years, the village has invited capable people from outside to return to their hometowns with projects, funds, and technologies to start businesses. Currently, 62 companies have settled in the village, driving hundreds of people to find employment at their doorsteps.
Establishing and Practicing a Correct View of Political Achievements
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized:
The more effective the Party's governance, the more powerful the guarantee for economic and social development.
"The General Secretary's important speech has given me a deeper understanding of what kind of view of political achievements grassroots cadres should establish and practice." Yang Hengjun (杨恒俊) said. Working at the grassroots level for a long time, he deeply realized that cadres must take the satisfaction of the masses as an important yardstick for doing things and starting businesses. "Some work may seem inconspicuous, but as long as it can make the lives of the masses more convenient, the village environment better, and the days more promising, it is a real achievement; doing a good job of the things that the masses care about one by one is the most important political achievement of grassroots cadres."
"The General Secretary's important speech has strengthened my belief in creating benefits for the people and being pragmatic and responsible." Shi Zhijun (史志军) said, "At the meeting, I combined Huai'an's (淮安) practice in promoting high-quality development and continuously improving people's livelihood in recent years to report to the General Secretary on my experience in establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements."
"In recent years, Huai'an (淮安) has always adhered to seeking development from reality and taking the people's sense of gain as a yardstick for testing work. It has introduced industrial projects such as electronic information and wind power equipment to help build a new development pattern; it has promoted the rectification of backward production capacity and the improvement of the ecological environment, so that the sky is bluer, the mountains are greener, the water is clearer, and the environment is more beautiful." Shi Zhijun (史志军) introduced.
"The General Secretary emphasized that it is necessary to conscientiously organize and carry out the study and education of establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, and guide the vast number of party members and cadres to implement the general requirements of 'ruling the party for the public, creating benefits for the people, making scientific decisions, and doing practical work,' and create practical results that can stand the test of practice, the people, and history." Shi Zhijun (史志军) said, "We will conscientiously study and implement the spirit of the General Secretary's important speech, implement the establishment and practice of a correct view of political achievements in all our work, and do more things that lay the foundation and benefit the long term."
Layout design: Wang Zheping (汪哲平)
Return to TopBy: 本报评论员
"Developing new quality productive forces is crucial for promoting high-quality development and enhancing economic competitiveness."
When General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) participated in the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation at the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress, he focused on completing the economic and social development goals and tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan," and put forward clear requirements for developing new quality productive forces, enhancing economic resilience, and promoting common prosperity for all people, emphasizing that major economic provinces such as Jiangsu "should put effort into studying new situations and solving new problems, and produce experience." This is of great guiding significance for us to anchor our goals and promote the construction of Chinese-style modernization.
Why is developing new quality productive forces so important? Experiencing the great changes since the new era and witnessing the significant changes happening around us makes us feel the Party Central Committee's deep consideration and long-term planning even more.
In the past year, we have witnessed humanoid robots going from stumbling to showing off "Kung Fu mode." China's robot research and application are at the forefront of the world. Domestically produced artificial intelligence large models are leading the global open-source ecosystem, and domestically produced new energy vehicles are entering ordinary people's homes. Technological innovation is empowering thousands of industries, stimulating strong momentum, and renewing production and life.
During the extremely unusual and extraordinary "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the reason why China's economy has repeatedly crossed new thresholds and maintained a steady and positive trend in the face of complex and severe domestic and international situations is that it has firmly grasped the primary task of high-quality development and developed new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions.
Data from the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is encouraging. The scale of manufacturing added value has remained the world's first for 16 consecutive years. In 2025, the added value of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing increased by 9.4% and 9.2% respectively, building the world's largest and fastest-growing renewable energy system...
Moving forward through the turbulent waves and mastering the initiative by moving towards the new and the superior, we more deeply understand the General Secretary's important conclusion that "in recent years, China's economy has withstood storms and maintained strong resilience and vitality, and the strategic support is a complete industrial system." We are more clearly aware that developing new quality productive forces is an inevitable requirement for building a modern industrial system, a strong engine for promoting high-quality development, and a strategic measure to effectively resist external shocks.
Today's China, anchoring the strategic task of developing new quality productive forces, major economic provinces bravely shoulder the heavy burden, and various regions give full play to their comparative advantages and strengths, climbing towards "high" and moving towards "new."
Jiangsu, continuously promoting the "intelligent transformation, digital transformation, and network connection" of manufacturing, and delivering a "hard-core answer sheet" for building an advanced manufacturing base with international competitiveness; Guangdong, accelerating the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (大湾区) International Science and Technology Innovation Center, with the "Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou" innovation cluster jumping to the top of the world; Anhui, giving full play to its strategic superposition advantages, with the output of automobiles and new energy vehicles both ranking first in the country, and exports of complete vehicles exceeding one million...
Accurately positioning ourselves in the overall national situation and finding our advantages in integrating into the overall situation, accelerating the formation of a momentum of thousands of boats racing and ten thousand horses galloping, is precisely where our confidence and confidence lie in seizing historical opportunities and achieving greater development.
"Achieve new breakthroughs," "explore new paths," "create new situations," and "achieve new results." Xi Jinping (习近平) put forward the "four new" requirements for Jiangsu (江苏) around developing new quality productive forces and promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, which not only pointed out the direction for major economic provinces to strive to be at the forefront but also provided a guideline for implementation in various parts of the country.
During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, how to "consolidate the foundation and exert comprehensive efforts"? How to effectively respond to a more complex environment and solve more deep-seated contradictions? How to gain a firm foothold in the ever-changing international situation? The most crucial thing is to firmly grasp the "bull nose" of technological innovation, practice internal skills, strengthen ourselves, support and promote high-quality development with new quality productive forces, and respond to various uncertainties with the certainty of our own development.
In this regard, major economic provinces are at the forefront of reform and development and are the main battlefields for developing new quality productive forces. They should bravely take on responsibilities and contribute greater strength. Other provinces should also base themselves on their resource endowments and industrial foundations, both actively seizing opportunities for development and being good at differentiated development, and also be committed to turning shortcomings into potential boards.
The more ambitious the goal, the more we must "**一步一个脚印**" (yī bù yī gè jiǎo yìn - "one step one footprint," to advance steadily step by step). "Economic growth of 4.5%-5%, and strive for better results in actual work." To achieve the expected economic growth target proposed in the government work report this year, we need to work hard and be responsible. Establishing and practicing a correct view of performance, enhancing practical skills, and continuously benefiting the people, we will surely promote economic development to continue to move towards the new, the superior, and the better, and lead the construction of Chinese-style modernization to move forward steadily.
Return to TopPeople's Daily Beijing (北京) March 5th (Reporter Luo Shanshan (罗珊珊)) The State Council Information Office (国务院新闻办) held a briefing on the 5th. The person in charge and members of the drafting group of the government work report interpreted the government work report and answered questions from reporters.
Shen Danyang (沈丹阳), head of the drafting group of the government work report and director of the State Council Research Office (国务院研究室), introduced that this year's government work report focuses on promoting high-quality development, with special emphasis on a good start, strengthening innovation, benefiting people's livelihoods, and being operable. The words "reform" and "innovation" appeared a total of 75 times in the full text, making them high-frequency words in this year's government work report. The government work report places guaranteeing and improving people's livelihoods in a more important position, such as emphasizing that finance should pay more attention to supporting and guaranteeing people's livelihoods, formulating and implementing plans to increase the income of urban and rural residents, and increasing the proportion of government investment in people's livelihoods. These all reflect the development thinking of adhering to the people as the center and the government's work orientation of allowing the masses to have more tangible gains.
The government work report proposes an expected economic growth target of 4.5%-5% for this year. Shen Danyang (沈丹阳) introduced that this year's economic growth target is actually two sentences, namely "economic growth of 4.5%-5%, and strive for better results in actual work." This comprehensively considers the domestic economic operation and changes in the external environment, and takes into account both needs and possibilities. It is an active and pragmatic goal that "both reaches up and touches a higher level and maintains a steady pace." On the one hand, this goal fully considers that this year we must leave room for adjusting the structure, preventing risks, and promoting reforms, and it is also generally linked to the 2035 long-term goal, reflecting the requirements of laying the foundation and fully developing during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. On the other hand, this goal matches my country's growth potential.
For two consecutive years, the government work report has placed expanding domestic demand as the first task, especially placing "in-depth implementation of special actions to boost consumption" in a prominent position. Shen Danyang (沈丹阳) said that consumption should be boosted by stimulating the endogenous power of residents' consumption and promoting consumption policies. This year, a plan to increase the income of urban and rural residents is proposed, and a number of policies and measures are being prepared to promote income growth for low-income groups, increase residents' property income, and improve salary and social security systems, so as to fundamentally enhance consumption capacity. This year, a special fund of 100 billion yuan has also been newly created for fiscal and financial coordination to promote domestic demand.
For three consecutive years, the government work report has deployed "Artificial Intelligence +". Chen Changsheng (陈昌盛), a member of the drafting group of the government work report and deputy director of the State Council Research Office (国务院研究室), said that artificial intelligence technology is moving from the "digital screen" to the "real world" and from "being able to chat" to "being able to handle affairs." This year, it is proposed to create a new form of intelligent economy, expand the breadth and depth of artificial intelligence empowering thousands of industries, open up new space for economic growth as soon as possible, and cultivate new models and expand new momentum. Artificial intelligence is opening up unlimited possibilities for us, but it will also bring challenges. We must accelerate the improvement of artificial intelligence governance, strengthen international dialogue and cooperation, and promote the development of artificial intelligence in a beneficial, safe, and fair direction.
Return to TopBy: 何 娟
"4.5%-5%, strive for even better results in practical work," this year's economic growth target has been announced. What do you make of it?
The expected target is not essentially a prediction, but rather a guide and a shaper, primarily considering needs and possibilities.
Why is it needed?
"Maintaining within a reasonable range," benign growth, is precisely what healthy development requires.
Economic growth is a fundamental and comprehensive indicator with strong correlations. Whether it's employment opportunities or education funding and social security expenditures, all are related to it. A certain rate of economic growth is both a prerequisite for high-quality development and the foundation for improving people's livelihoods.
From the current perspective, it must be able to support goals such as stabilizing employment, stabilizing the market, and benefiting the people. From a long-term perspective, it must be linked to medium- and long-term goals and visionary goals.
This year is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." According to projections based on the goal of achieving "per capita GDP reaching the level of moderately developed countries" by 2035, the average annual growth rate for the next 10 years must reach 4.17%. This year's target is above that, reflecting the enthusiasm and initiative to move forward.
Why is it possible?
Looking up at the sky and down at the road, this is in line with China's growth potential.
The annual total retail sales of consumer goods exceeding 50 trillion yuan is an opportunity for China's large market; the number of artificial intelligence companies exceeding 6,000, and the core industry scale jumping to a trillion-yuan level in just a few years, is the vitality of a global innovation center. Market institutions' forecasts for China's potential growth rate generally fall within or even above this range.
Firmly grasping high-quality development, this hard truth of the new era, taking reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, and making good use of the "four major advantages" to fully release potential, we have confidence and, even more so, determination.
Why a range?
Racing against time and advancing with history, a certain speed is necessary, but one cannot be overly ambitious. If the target is set too low, it will not be possible to maximize enthusiasm and will easily become disconnected from medium- and long-term planning; if it is set too high, it will be detached from objective reality and will easily breed feelings of fear or ideas of "seeking quick results" or "seeking visible results."
Facing old problems and new challenges, moving forward faces more uncertainties and also requires greater impetus. For example, the once-in-a-century changes, "one moment a gray rhino, the next a black swan"; another example is the transformation of driving forces, which cannot be achieved overnight, and the old and new will coexist for a period of time. Preventing risks and adjusting the structure both require trading time for space.
Implementing "range-based regulation" sets a growth baseline while also retaining upward flexibility and leaving sufficient room for maneuver, all in order to maintain the certainty of high-quality development. This also means that achieving this goal is by no means easy and requires hard work.
Before the Spring Festival, various localities successively convened the Two Sessions, and many provinces set growth range values. For example, Zhejiang (浙江) and Anhui (安徽) are anchored at "5%-5.5%", following this line of thinking - jumping up to pick peaches.
"Moving forward steadily step by step" is the patience to maintain one's own development rhythm.
Guangdong (广东), a major economic province, saw its economic growth in the first three quarters of 2025 lower than the national average, but better than the same period in 2024 and the whole year of 2024. "With such a large size, such a growth rate is also a very large increment. Guangdong (广东) should compare itself with itself." The important speech made by General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) during his inspection here in November last year contains rich enlightenment.
As the base rises and the foundation increases, the speed will gradually slow down, which is a general rule. Development is not only a simple quantitative expansion, but also an optimization of structure and an improvement in quality, which is a scientific understanding. In the past five years, the increase in China's economy of over 36 trillion yuan is equivalent to "recreating" a world-leading economy, with an average annual growth rate far exceeding the world average. At the same time, new quality productive forces are accelerating their development, and the construction of a modern industrial system is accelerating.
"Comparing with oneself" reflects the pragmatism and composure of 风物长宜放眼量 (fēng wù cháng yí fàng yǎn liàng - "scenery long should broaden eyes," take a broad and long-term view). Going further from a high starting point requires both quantity and quality. Is the speed a little faster? It's not that we can't, but that we don't. The "first lesson of the year" emphasizes curbing the impulse for political achievements, which has profound meaning.
"Pursuing real and unsubstantiated growth and promoting high-quality and sustainable development" is the determination to move forward under pressure and towards new and better directions.
Domestically produced artificial intelligence large models are competing for excellence, and domestically produced new energy vehicles are shuttling through the streets and alleys. In today's China (中国), innovation and creation are emerging and peaking, and we have no reason not to be confident and no reason not to be more motivated.
Having goals requires even more action, and having confidence requires even more methods. Making good use of development opportunities, potential, and advantages, concentrating on doing our own things well, and spurring our horses and forging ahead on the new journey, we will surely continue to write miracles.
Return to TopThe fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) opened at the Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂) in Beijing (北京) on the morning of March 5. NPC deputies, entrusted with the great trust of the people, attended the meeting to perform the sacred duties conferred by the Constitution and the law.
The atmosphere in the Ten-Thousand-People Hall of the Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂万人大礼堂) was solemn and warm. The national emblem in the center of the backdrop on the rostrum shone brightly against the backdrop of the bright red flag.
Zhao Leji (赵乐际), Executive Chairman of the Presidium of the Congress, presided over the meeting. Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Wang Dongming (王东明), Xiao Jie (肖捷), Zheng Jianbang (郑建邦), Ding Zhongli (丁仲礼), Cai Dafeng (蔡达峰), He Wei (何维), Wu Weihua (武维华), Tie Ning (铁凝), Peng Qinghua (彭清华), Zhang Qingwei (张庆伟), Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), Shohrat Zakir (雪克来提·扎克尔), and Liu Qi (刘奇), executive chairmen of the Presidium of the Congress, were seated in the executive chairman seats on the rostrum.
Xi Jinping (习近平), Li Qiang (李强), Wang Huning (王沪宁), Cai Qi (蔡奇), Ding Xuexiang (丁薛祥), Li Xi (李希), Han Zheng (韩正), and members of the Presidium of the Congress were seated on the rostrum.
2,878 deputies should have attended the fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress. At the meeting on the morning of March 5, 2,765 people attended and 113 were absent. The number of attendees met the quorum.
At 9:00 a.m., Zhao Leji (赵乐际) announced: The fourth session of the 14th National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China is now open. All present stood up and sang the national anthem.
According to the agenda, Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) delivered a government work report to the Congress on behalf of the State Council. The report is divided into four parts: 1. Review of Work in 2025; 2. Main Goals and Major Tasks during the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" Period; 3. Overall Requirements and Policy Orientation for Economic and Social Development in 2026; 4. Government Work Tasks in 2026.
Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the report that 2025 was a very extraordinary year. Facing profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, unswervingly implement the new development concept, promote high-quality development, coordinate the domestic and international situations, and successfully complete the main goals and tasks of economic and social development throughout the year. The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization took new and solid steps.
Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the report that we have thoroughly studied and implemented Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, and followed the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee. The main tasks we have done in the past year are as follows: First, implementing more proactive and effective macro policies to focus on stabilizing economic operations; second, adhering to innovation-driven development and building a modern industrial system; third, further deepening reform and opening up to smooth the national economic cycle; fourth, coordinating the promotion of new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization to promote coordinated urban-rural and regional development; fifth, effectively grasping people's livelihood security and actively developing social undertakings; sixth, accelerating the construction of a beautiful China and promoting green and low-carbon development; and seventh, continuously strengthening government construction and innovating and improving social governance.
Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the report that in the past five years, the cause of the Party and the country has achieved new and major achievements, and a good start has been made in the new journey toward the second centenary goal. The 20 main indicators, 17 major strategic tasks, and 102 major engineering projects determined in the "14th Five-Year Plan" have been successfully completed.
Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the report that according to the "Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," the State Council has prepared the "Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China (Draft)," which has been submitted to the Congress for review. To implement the main goals defined in the "Suggestions" of the Party Central Committee, the "Outline (Draft)" refines and proposes 20 main indicators; it elaborates on the major strategic tasks of development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period in various fields, highlighting four aspects: First, highlighting the promotion of high-quality development; second, highlighting the strengthening of the domestic cycle; third, highlighting the promotion of common prosperity for all people; and fourth, highlighting the coordination of development and security. Focusing on promoting the implementation of the goals and tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan," and taking into account strategic, guiding, and continuous considerations, the "Outline (Draft)" proposes 109 major projects in 6 aspects.
Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the report that the main expected goals for development this year are: an economic growth of 4.5%-5%, and strive for better results in actual work; a surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5%, and more than 12 million new urban jobs; a consumer price increase of around 2%; residents' income growth in sync with economic growth; a basic balance of international payments; a grain output of around 1.4 trillion jin; and a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by around 3.8%.
Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the report that the Party Central Committee has made comprehensive arrangements for this year's work, and we must thoroughly implement them and earnestly do a good job in various tasks: focusing on building a strong domestic market; stepping up efforts to cultivate and strengthen new driving forces; accelerating high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement; continuing to deepen reforms in key areas; further expanding high-level opening up to the outside world; solidly promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside; promoting new urbanization and coordinated regional development; guaranteeing and improving people's livelihood with greater efforts; accelerating the comprehensive green transformation; and strengthening risk prevention and resolution and security capacity building in key areas.
In the report, Li Qiang (李强) also elaborated on strengthening government self-construction, ethnic, religious, and overseas Chinese affairs, modernization of national defense and the military, the development of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) and cross-strait relations, and China's foreign policy.
According to the agenda, the Congress will review the draft outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, the State Council's report on the implementation of the 2025 National Economic and Social Development Plan and the draft 2026 National Economic and Social Development Plan, and the State Council's report on the implementation of the 2025 central and local budgets and the draft 2026 central and local budgets.
Entrusted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, gave explanations on the draft Ecological Environment Code, the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, and the draft Law on National Development Planning, respectively.
The explanation on the draft Ecological Environment Code pointed out that compiling the Ecological Environment Code, establishing the theories, systems, and practical achievements of ecological civilization construction since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in a codified manner, and improving the legal system of ecological environment have great and far-reaching significance. The guiding ideology for compiling the Ecological Environment Code is: adhering to Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, profoundly understanding the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," strengthening the "Four Consciousnesses," firming the "Four Confidences," and achieving the "Two Safeguards," thoroughly implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, adhering to the organic unity of Party leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, closely focusing on coordinating the promotion of the "Five-in-One" overall layout and coordinating the promotion of the "Four Comprehensives" strategic layout, focusing on building a more complete socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics and building a socialist rule of law country with a higher level, summarizing practical experience, adapting to the requirements of the times, simultaneously promoting high-quality development and high-level protection, and comprehensively and systematically compiling and revising the current ecological environment legal system mechanisms and rules and norms in China's pollution prevention and control, ecological protection, and green and low-carbon development, forming an ecological environment code that is guided by Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on ecological civilization, has Chinese characteristics, reflects the characteristics of the times, reflects the people's will, and is systematically standardized and coordinated, providing a complete ecological environment legal guarantee for building a strong socialist modern country in an all-round way, achieving the second centenary goal, and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization. According to the explanation, the draft has 5 parts and 1242 articles, and each part is in the order of general principles, pollution prevention and control, ecological protection, green and low-carbon development, legal responsibility and supplementary provisions.
The explanation on the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress pointed out that implementing the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, based on the historical orientation of the Party's ethnic work in the new era, fully implementing the provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution, formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, and consolidating the legal foundation for forging a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese national community are of great significance for comprehensively promoting the cause of ethnic unity and progress and promoting the unity and struggle of people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the nation with Chinese-style modernization. Legislation adheres to Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, thoroughly studies and implements Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on the rule of law, Xi Jinping's (习近平) cultural thought, and General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work, fully implements the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly summarizes the historic achievements and successful experiences of ethnic work since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, takes forging a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, and promotes the high-quality development of the cause of ethnic unity and progress. The draft adopts the style of "preface + 7 chapters" with a total of 64 articles.
The explanation on the draft Law on National Development Planning pointed out that earnestly summarizing the successful experience of national development planning work over a long period of time, formulating the Law on National Development Planning, clarifying the guiding ideology and principles that should be adhered to in national development planning work, and making comprehensive and systematic provisions on the specific procedures for the preparation, review and approval, implementation, and supervision of national development plans, providing a strong institutional guarantee for the scientific preparation and effective implementation of national development plans on the track of the rule of law. Legislation adheres to Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, thoroughly implements the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, adheres to the people-centered approach, fully and accurately implements the new development concept, summarizes the successful experience of national development planning work over a long period of time, especially since the new era, takes the Constitution as the basis, establishes long-term effective practices as legal system norms, focuses on improving the level of legalization of national development planning work, and better plays the strategic guiding role of national development planning, and better plays the advantages of the national system and governance effectiveness. The draft is divided into 6 chapters with a total of 38 articles.
Also seated on the rostrum were: Wang Yi (王毅), Yin Li (尹力), Shi Taifeng (石泰峰), Liu Guozhong (刘国中), Li Ganjie (李干杰), Li Shulei (李书磊), He Lifeng (何立峰), Zhang Guoqing (张国清), Chen Wenqing (陈文清), Chen Jining (陈吉宁), Chen Min'er (陈敏尔), Yuan Jiajun (袁家军), Huang Kunming (黄坤明), Liu Jinguo (刘金国), Wang Xiaohong (王小洪), Zhang Shengmin (张升民), Wu Zhenglong (吴政隆), Shen Yiqin (谌贻琴), Zhang Jun (张军), Ying Yong (应勇), Hu Chunhua (胡春华), Shen Yueyue (沈跃跃), Wang Yong (王勇), Zhou Qiang (周强), Pagbalha Geleg Namgyal (帕巴拉·格列朗杰), Edmund Ho Hau Wah (何厚铧), Leung Chun-ying (梁振英), Batel (巴特尔), Su Hui (苏辉), Shao Hong (邵鸿), Gao Yunlong (高云龙), Mu Hong (穆虹), Xian Hui (咸辉), Wang Dongfeng (王东峰), Jiang Xinzhi (姜信治), Jiang Zuojun (蒋作君), He Baoxiang (何报翔), Wang Guangqian (王光谦), Qin Boyong (秦博勇), Zhu Yongxin (朱永新), Yang Zhen (杨震), etc.
Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region John Lee Ka-chiu (李家超) and Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region Ho Iat Seng (岑浩辉) attended the meeting and were seated on the rostrum.
Members of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) attending the fourth session attended the meeting.
Relevant responsible persons from relevant departments of the central and state organs, relevant units of the People's Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force, and various people's organizations attended or observed the meeting.
Foreign envoys to China observed the meeting.
Return to TopTo accomplish the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" for economic and social development, we need to address more complex environments and resolve deeper-seated contradictions. Jiangsu (江苏) and other major economic provinces are at the forefront of reform and opening up, and must put effort into studying new situations and solving new problems to gain experience.
Beijing (北京), March 5th (People's Daily) - Xi Jinping (习近平), General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中共中央), President of the People's Republic of China (国家主席), and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (中央军委), emphasized during the deliberation of the Jiangsu (江苏) delegation at the Fourth Session of the Fourteenth National People's Congress (十四届全国人大四次会议) on the afternoon of March 5th that to accomplish the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" for economic and social development, we need to address more complex environments and resolve deeper-seated contradictions. Jiangsu (江苏) and other major economic provinces are at the forefront of reform and opening up, and must put effort into studying new situations and solving new problems to gain experience.
The Jiangsu (江苏) delegation's deliberation was lively and active. Shi Zhijun (史志军), Zhang Xiaohong (张晓宏), Shi Lei (石磊), Yang Hengjun (杨恒俊), Gao Derong (高德荣), Zhang Yufei (张雨霏), and six other delegates spoke on topics such as promoting new industrialization, promoting the integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation, strengthening the tackling of key core technologies, building beautiful and harmonious villages, solving seed industry problems, and promoting the spirit of sports.
After listening to everyone's speeches, Xi Jinping (习近平) delivered a speech, expressing his support for the government work report and putting forward clear requirements for grasping the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan" for economic and social development in connection with the actual situation in Jiangsu (江苏).
Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out that developing new quality productive forces is crucial for promoting high-quality development and enhancing economic competitiveness. Jiangsu (江苏) has a good foundation in this regard and should strive to be at the forefront. We must promote the development of education, science and technology, and talent in an integrated manner, strive to achieve new breakthroughs in strengthening original innovation and tackling key core technologies, and seizing the commanding heights of science and technology, explore new ways to promote the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain, and promote the efficient transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, and create new situations in optimizing and upgrading traditional industries, cultivating and strengthening emerging industries, and forward-looking layout of future industries, and achieve new results in further deepening reform and removing institutional and mechanism barriers that restrict the development of new quality productive forces.
Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized that major economic provinces have a stable development base and a strong ability to resist external shocks, which can support the stability of the overall national economy. Jiangsu (江苏) must continue to work hard to enhance economic resilience. We must practice internal skills and strengthen ourselves, fully integrate into the unified national market, and help smooth the domestic circulation. We must expand high-level opening up to the outside world, broadly explore the global market, and better connect international circulation. We must prevent various risks with a bottom-line mentality.
Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out that Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all the people. Jiangsu (江苏) must accurately grasp the new expectations of the people for a better life and the new characteristics of people's livelihood work under the new situation, actively and proactively answer questions such as how to achieve high-quality and full employment, how to increase the income of urban and rural residents, and how to further improve basic public services and social security levels, and explore effective ways to promote common prosperity for all the people.
Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized that the more effective the governance of the Party, the stronger the guarantee for economic and social development. We must conscientiously organize and carry out the study and education of establishing and practicing correct views on political achievements, guide the vast number of party members and cadres to implement the general requirements of "ruling the party for the public, benefiting the people, making scientific decisions, and doing practical work," and create achievements that can stand the test of practice, the people, and history. We must adhere to grasping party spirit, party conduct, and party discipline together, and connecting the rectification of conduct and discipline with anti-corruption, and win the trust of the people with the practical results of comprehensively and strictly governing the party, and gather the mighty force for promoting the development of the cause.
Cai Qi (蔡奇), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee (中共中央政治局常委) and Director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee (中央办公厅主任), participated.
Return to TopThe "14th Five-Year Plan" Concludes Successfully, and Chinese-style Modernization Takes New Solid Strides
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that 2025 was a very extraordinary year. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was successfully held, outlining a grand blueprint for China's development in the next five years. We solemnly commemorated the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and established Taiwan Retrocession Day, which greatly boosted national spirit, stimulated patriotism, and united the strength of struggle. Facing the profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, unswervingly implement the new development concept, promote high-quality development, coordinate the overall domestic and international situations, and successfully complete the main goals and tasks of economic and social development throughout the year. The "14th Five-Year Plan" concluded successfully, and Chinese-style modernization took new solid strides.
Over the past year, China's economy has moved forward against pressure, demonstrating strong resilience. The economic operation was generally stable and progressing steadily. The gross domestic product increased by 5%, with a total volume of 140.19 trillion yuan. Employment was generally stable, with 12.67 million new urban jobs created, and the average surveyed urban unemployment rate was 5.2%. Foreign trade grew rapidly, the diversification of exports was evident, and the balance of payments was basically balanced. People's livelihood was more effectively guaranteed. Residents' income grew in sync with economic growth, the achievements in poverty alleviation were consolidated and expanded, the policy of one year of free preschool education was implemented, benefiting 14 million children, and a comprehensive childcare subsidy system was implemented, benefiting more than 30 million infants and young children. Grain production reached 1.43 trillion jin. Positive progress has been made in resolving risks in key areas, and the overall social situation has remained stable.
Over the past year, China's development has been new and optimized, demonstrating vigorous vitality. New quality productive forces have developed steadily, scientific and technological innovation has yielded fruitful results, and research and application of artificial intelligence, biomedicine, robotics, and quantum technology have been at the forefront of the world. New breakthroughs have been made in independent research and development of chips, Tianwen-2 (天问二号) has started its "star chasing" journey, the large-scale application of Beidou (北斗) has been fully expanded, the Ya Xia Hydropower Project (雅下水电工程) has started construction, the first domestically-produced electromagnetic catapult aircraft carrier Fujian (福建舰) has officially entered service, and domestic large models have led the global open-source ecosystem. The industrial structure has continued to optimize. The added value of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing increased by 9.4% and 9.2% respectively. The output of industrial robots and integrated circuits increased by 28% and 10.9% respectively. The annual output of new energy vehicles exceeded 16 million, and the number of electric vehicle charging facilities exceeded 20 million. Energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 5.1%, and the quality of the ecological environment continued to improve.
The achievements made in the past year have not been easy. We faced a complex and severe situation in which external shocks and challenges rarely seen in many years and domestic dilemmas and multiple difficulties were intertwined. The international economic and trade environment has changed dramatically, unilateralism and protectionism have suddenly escalated, market expectations have been frequently disturbed, and foreign trade has been significantly under pressure. The domestic economy is undergoing profound transformation, and deep-seated structural contradictions and problems continue to emerge, with insufficient momentum for consumption and investment growth. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core led us to calmly respond and forge ahead courageously. We carried out economic and trade struggles externally in a reasonable, advantageous, and effective manner, firmly safeguarding China's interests. Five rounds of economic and trade consultations between China and the United States have achieved positive results, and the meeting between the two heads of state in Busan (釜山) reached important consensus, injecting more stability into economic and trade cooperation. Domestically, we played a "combination punch" of policies, strengthened counter-cyclical adjustments of macroeconomic policies, focused on stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations, and concentrated our efforts on doing our own things well. We planned for the worst and strived for the best, not only stabilizing the overall macroeconomic situation and promoting new achievements in high-quality development, but also greatly boosting the morale and confidence of the entire society. In this process, we further realized that doing a good job in economic work under the new situation must fully tap economic potential, adhere to both policy support and reform and innovation, ensure that it is both "flexible" and "well-managed," adhere to the close combination of investing in things and investing in people, and respond to external challenges by practicing internal skills. Practice has once again proved that adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for coping with all difficulties and doing all work well, and the Chinese people have the confidence, wisdom, and strength to overcome all difficulties and obstacles!
Implementing More Active and Promising Macro Policies to Focus on Stabilizing Economic Operation Over the Past Year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, more active and promising macro policies have been implemented to focus on stabilizing economic operation.
At the beginning of the year, we were fully prepared to cope with complex and volatile situations, and the economy started strongly and had a good start in the first quarter. After the second quarter, in response to the new situation in economic operation, especially the impact of the US tariff increase, we gave full play to the role of existing policies and stepped up the introduction of a series of new measures to stabilize employment and the economy, which effectively offset the downward pressure on the economy and ensured the realization of the main goals for the whole year. More proactive fiscal policies and moderately loose monetary policies were implemented, expanding the scale of fiscal expenditure, strengthening financial security in key areas, lowering policy interest rates and deposit reserve ratios, and continuously reducing the comprehensive financing costs of society. We stepped up efforts to expand the scope of trade-ins for consumer goods, driving sales of goods to exceed 2.6 trillion yuan. The potential of service consumption such as culture, tourism, and sports was rapidly released, and the total retail sales of consumer goods exceeded 50 trillion yuan. Focusing on expanding effective investment, we strengthened the construction of "two major" projects, accelerated the allocation and use of funds for equipment renewal, investment in equipment purchases increased by 11.8%, and established new policy-based financial instruments to supplement the capital of key projects. We continued to work hard to stabilize the real estate market, reasonably controlled the supply of new real estate land, reduced restrictive measures according to local conditions, lowered the interest rate of individual housing provident fund loans, and the "guaranteed delivery of buildings" task was fully completed. Comprehensive measures were taken to stabilize the stock market, and the capital market rebounded and became more active. A package of debt resolution plans was implemented in depth, local government's existing hidden debts were replaced in an orderly manner, the number of financing platforms was continuously reduced, and the structure of local debt was continuously optimized. The risk disposal and transformation and development of local small and medium-sized financial institutions were promoted in an integrated manner, the number of high-risk institutions was significantly reduced, and the effectiveness of risk resolution was obvious.
Adhering to Innovation-Driven Development and Building a Modern Industrial System Over the Past Year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have adhered to innovation-driven development and built a modern industrial system.
We comprehensively promoted the strategic deployment of building a strong country in science and technology, strengthened the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, improved the regional scientific and technological innovation system, and strengthened the systematic layout in basic frontier areas and the tackling of key core technologies. The intensity of R&D investment in the whole society reached 2.8%, and the transaction volume of technology contracts increased by 10.8%. The integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation has accelerated, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries has continued to deepen, emerging industries and future industries have flourished, and the modern service industry has maintained rapid development. We formulated and revised 583 national standards focusing on key areas. We continued to promote the digital transformation of manufacturing and the "Artificial Intelligence +" action, industry applications have accelerated, and new intelligent terminals have continued to emerge. The potential of data elements has been accelerated, and the proportion of the added value of the core industries of the digital economy in GDP has increased to more than 10.5%.
Further Deepening Reform and Opening Up and Smoothing the National Economic Cycle Over the Past Year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have further deepened reform and opening up and smoothed the national economic cycle.
We solidly implemented the reform deployment of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. We implemented the guidelines for building a unified national market, issued a new version of the negative list for market access, systematically rectified outstanding problems in bidding, investment promotion, promoted capacity governance in key industries, and the comprehensive rectification of "involution" competition has achieved significant results. We carried out comprehensive reform pilots for market-based allocation of factors of production. The deepening and upgrading of state-owned enterprise reform has achieved positive results, and measures to further promote the development of private investment have been introduced. We accelerated efforts to clean up arrears owed to enterprises. We orderly promoted autonomous opening up and unilateral opening up, and steadily expanded unilateral visa-free or comprehensive mutual visa-free arrangements. We increased efforts to stabilize foreign trade, and the volume and quality of imports and exports have steadily increased, with exports growing by 6.1%. We issued an action plan to stabilize foreign investment, and the number of newly established foreign-funded enterprises increased by 19.1%. We implemented the free trade pilot zone upgrading strategy, and the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港) started full island customs closure operations. We solidly promoted the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" (一带一路), and the level of pragmatic cooperation in various fields has continued to improve.
Coordinating the Promotion of New Urbanization and Comprehensive Rural Revitalization to Promote Coordinated Urban-Rural and Regional Development Over the Past Year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have coordinated the promotion of new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization to promote coordinated urban-rural and regional development.
We implemented the deployment of the Central Urban Work Conference, cultivated and developed modern metropolitan areas, strengthened urban planning, construction and governance, continued to implement urban renewal, implemented policies to facilitate the urbanization of agricultural transfer populations, carried out new urbanization pilots, and the urbanization rate of permanent residents reached 67.9%. We focused on stabilizing area, increasing yield per unit, and resisting disasters, and achieved another bumper harvest of grain. We solidly did a good job in effectively linking the consolidation and expansion of poverty alleviation achievements with rural revitalization, and the scale of employment of the poverty-stricken population remained stable at more than 30 million. We increased the implementation of regional strategies, and the level of regional coordinated development has continued to improve.
Effectively Grasping People's Livelihood Security and Actively Developing Social Undertakings Over the Past Year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have effectively grasped people's livelihood security and actively developed social undertakings.
We introduced policies to stabilize employment, carried out large-scale vocational skills improvement training actions, and maintained stable employment for key groups. We promoted the three-year action plan for building a strong country in education, promoted the adjustment of university disciplines and majors, and strengthened the construction of county-level ordinary high schools. We implemented the medical and health infrastructure strengthening project. We improved the pediatric and mental health service system, and pediatric services in secondary and tertiary public general hospitals across the country achieved full coverage. We effectively prevented and controlled infectious disease epidemics such as chikungunya fever. We improved the long-term mechanism for basic medical insurance participation, optimized drug centralized procurement measures, launched a commercial health insurance innovative drug catalog, and the long-term care insurance system covered 300 million people. The gradual postponement of the statutory retirement age reform was steadily implemented. The minimum monthly standard for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents was increased by 20 yuan, a personal pension system was implemented nationwide, and pilot projects for old-age service consumption subsidies were carried out. We continued to promote the expansion and effectiveness of social assistance, strengthened the care for severely disabled people, and improved welfare security measures for children in difficult situations. We improved preferential treatment standards. We developed cultural undertakings and cultural industries, the tourism industry showed vitality, the number of domestic tourists increased by 16.2%, and the number of inbound tourists increased by 17.1%. The 9th Asian Winter Games (亚洲冬季运动会) and the 15th National Games (全国运动会) were successfully held, and mass sports events and national fitness activities were vigorously carried out.
Accelerating the Construction of a Beautiful China and Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Development Over the Past Year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have accelerated the construction of a beautiful China and promoted green and low-carbon development.
We solidly carried out actions to improve the quality and efficiency of air pollution prevention and control, and the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities at the prefecture level and above decreased by 4.4%. We continued to strengthen the protection of major rivers and important lakes and reservoirs, and the proportion of surface water sections with excellent water quality increased to 91.4%. We launched the construction of pilot zones for a beautiful China. We accelerated the green and low-carbon transformation of key industries. The first batch of "sand, Gobi, and desert" new energy base projects has been basically completed and put into operation, the installed capacity of new energy storage has exceeded 130 million kilowatts, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption has reached 21.7%. We announced the national independent contribution target for addressing climate change in 2035, fully demonstrating the responsibility of a major country.
Continuously Strengthening Government Construction and Innovating and Improving Social Governance Over the Past Year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have continuously strengthened government construction and innovated and improved social governance.
We implemented the Party Central Committee's strategic deployment for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, solidly carried out in-depth study and education on thoroughly implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulation (中央八项规定), strengthened Party conduct and integrity building and the fight against corruption, and vigorously rectified formalism to reduce the burden on the grassroots. We deeply promoted the construction of a government under the rule of law, submitted 13 legal proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation, and formulated and revised 30 administrative regulations. We consciously accepted supervision in accordance with the law. We conscientiously handled proposals and suggestions from deputies to the National People's Congress and proposals from members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. We carried out special actions to regulate administrative law enforcement involving enterprises. We improved the normalized promotion mechanism for key matters of "efficiently handling one matter." We carried out comprehensive inspections to promote high-quality development. We strengthened urban and rural grassroots governance. We did a good job in serving and managing new employment groups. We improved the legalization level of petition work. We continued to promote the three-year action for fundamental improvement of work safety, and the total number of work safety accidents decreased by 8.7%. We effectively responded to natural disasters such as floods, droughts, typhoons, and earthquakes in some areas. We made every effort to safeguard national security and social stability, actively prevented and cracked down on various illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law, and made new progress in building a safe China.
China's Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics Has Achieved New Successes in the Past Year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that in the past year, China's major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics has achieved new successes.
President Xi Jinping (习近平) and other Party and state leaders visited many countries and attended major multilateral and bilateral activities such as the China-Central Asia Summit, the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, the BRICS Leaders' Online Summit, and the G20 Leaders' Summit. We successfully held major home diplomacy activities such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Tianjin Summit, the Global Women's Summit, and the Fourth Ministerial Meeting of the China-CELAC Forum. We resolutely opposed protectionism and unilateral bullying, firmly upheld multilateralism and open cooperation, firmly defended the achievements of the victory of World War II, put forward global governance initiatives, and promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, playing a positive and constructive role in addressing global challenges and resolving international and regional hotspot issues. China has made important contributions to promoting world peace and development.
The Fundamental Reason for the Major Achievements in the Past Five Years Lies in the Leadership and Steering of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at Its Core and the Scientific Guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) said in the government work report on the 5th that 2025 is the closing year of the "14th Five-Year Plan." In the past five years, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to effectively respond to extraordinary shocks and challenges such as the century-long epidemic, promote new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country, and achieve a good start in the new journey of the second centenary goal.
The total economic volume has achieved a new leap, with the gross domestic product continuously crossing the 110 trillion yuan, 120 trillion yuan, 130 trillion yuan, and 140 trillion yuan thresholds, with an average annual growth of 5.4%, significantly higher than the global average growth rate. New breakthroughs have been made in science, technology, and industrial innovation, with an average annual increase of 10% in R&D expenditure for the whole society, and the number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 people reaching 16. A number of major key core technologies have been overcome, the scale of manufacturing added value has remained the world's largest for 16 consecutive years, and the resilience and security level of the industrial and supply chains have been steadily improved. New steps have been taken in reform and opening up, reforms in key areas have been steadily advanced, the construction of a unified national market has been accelerated, high-level opening up to the outside world has been continuously expanded, all foreign investment access restrictions in the manufacturing sector have been lifted, the status of the largest country in goods trade has been further consolidated, and high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" has been deepened and solidified. People's well-being has reached a new level, with an average annual increase of 5.4% in per capita disposable income of residents, a cumulative increase of more than 60 million new urban jobs, the task of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively linking them with rural revitalization during the 5-year transition period has been successfully completed, the income growth rate of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas has continued to be higher than the national rural average, the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance has been steadily implemented, the average number of years of education for the working-age population has increased to 11.3 years, the average life expectancy has increased to 79.25 years, and the cultural life of the people has become richer and more colorful. New progress has been made in ecological civilization construction, with the proportion of days with excellent air quality in cities at the prefecture level and above increasing to 89.3%, the forest coverage rate increasing to more than 25%, becoming the country with the fastest and largest growth in global forest resources, and building the world's largest and fastest-growing renewable energy system. New improvements have been made in security assurance capabilities, with significant strengthening of security capabilities in key areas such as food, energy resources, finance, and the Internet, maintaining overall social stability, and firmly guarding the bottom line against systemic risks. After arduous struggle and unremitting efforts, the 20 major indicators, 17 major strategic tasks, and 102 major engineering projects determined in the "14th Five-Year Plan" 《Outline》 have been successfully completed.
The fundamental reason for the achievement of these major achievements lies in the leadership and direction of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and is the result of the united struggle of the entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country.
The supporting conditions and basic trends of China's long-term economic improvement have not changed, and the advantages of the system and the advantages of a large country are constantly being demonstrated.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that while affirming the achievements, we are also soberly aware of the difficulties and challenges we face.
The impact of changes in the external environment has deepened, geopolitical risks have continued to rise, the world economy has been weak, and multilateralism and free trade have been severely impacted. There are still many old problems and new challenges facing domestic economic development and transformation. Difficulties cannot be ignored, and confidence must be firm. The supporting conditions and basic trends of China's long-term economic improvement have not changed, and the advantages of the system and the advantages of a large country are constantly being demonstrated. Having experienced the baptism of wind and rain, our will is stronger and our steps are firmer. As long as we make full use of our advantages and properly respond to challenges, China's development prospects will definitely be more promising!
Main goals, indicators, major strategic tasks, and major engineering projects during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that, according to the "Proposals of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," the State Council has prepared the "Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China (Draft)," which has been submitted to the Congress for review. Here is a brief report on the main goals, indicators, major strategic tasks, and major engineering projects.
(1) Regarding the main goals and indicators
To implement the main goals clarified in the "Proposals" of the Party Central Committee, the "Outline (Draft)" refines and proposes 20 main indicators. In terms of economic development, 3 indicators are proposed around growth, structure, and efficiency. Among them, comprehensively considering the domestic and international situation and various factors, and taking into account needs and possibilities, it is proposed that the growth of gross domestic product be maintained within a reasonable range, and proposed on a year-by-year basis as appropriate, to lay a good foundation for doubling the per capita gross domestic product by 2035 compared with 2020 and reaching the level of moderately developed countries. In terms of innovation-driven development, 3 indicators are proposed around innovation input and its effectiveness. Among them, fully considering the growth trend of R&D investment and the investment capacity of enterprises, it is proposed that the average annual growth of R&D expenditure for the whole society be more than 7%, which is consistent with the "14th Five-Year Plan" goal, ensuring that the intensity of R&D investment is not reduced. In terms of people's well-being, in order to better solve the urgent and difficult problems of the people, 7 targeted indicators are proposed for employment, income, education, medical care, health, and "the elderly and the young." In terms of green and low-carbon development, 5 indicators are proposed around carbon reduction, pollution reduction, and ecological environmental protection. Among them, according to the national independent contribution goal, it is proposed that carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product be cumulatively reduced by 17%, and continue to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of key areas. In terms of security assurance, 2 indicators are proposed around food and energy production capacity, focusing on consolidating the important foundation for national security.
(2) Regarding major strategic tasks
The "Outline (Draft)" elaborates on the major strategic tasks of development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period by field, highlighting four aspects.
The first is to highlight the promotion of high-quality development. Developing new quality productive forces is an inherent requirement of high-quality development. The "Outline (Draft)" emphasizes the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, focusing on consolidating and strengthening the foundation of the real economy and building a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone. Focusing on high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology, strengthen original innovation and key core technology research, deeply promote the construction of digital China, and the added value of the core industries of the digital economy accounts for 12.5% of the gross domestic product. Focusing on building a beautiful China, continue to deepen pollution prevention and control and ecosystem optimization, accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyles, and ensure that the carbon peak target is achieved on schedule.
The second is to highlight the strengthening of the domestic cycle. In the context of a complex and severe external environment, we must adhere to expanding domestic demand as a strategic base point. The "Outline (Draft)" focuses on enhancing the endogenous power and reliability of the domestic cycle, adhering to the close combination of benefiting the people and promoting consumption, investing in things and investing in people, vigorously boosting consumption, and promoting a significant increase in the consumption rate of residents, and expanding effective investment. Focusing on fully releasing the dividend of China's super-large-scale market, promote the construction of a unified national market in depth, and eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation. Focusing on enhancing the driving force for high-quality development, fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities, and accelerate the improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of factors of production. Focusing on unblocking the domestic and international dual cycles, coordinate the use of global factors and market resources.
The third is to highlight the promotion of common prosperity for all people. Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all people. The "Outline (Draft)" focuses on building a fertility-friendly society and improving the population service system; running education that the people are satisfied with, and increasing the average number of years of education for the working-age population to 11.7 years; accelerating the construction of a healthy China and a sports power, and increasing the average life expectancy to 80 years; actively responding to population aging, and increasing the proportion of nursing beds in elderly care institutions to 73%; promoting high-quality and full employment, improving the income distribution system, and improving the social security system. Focusing on narrowing regional and urban-rural gaps, accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, continue to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, optimize the layout of major productive forces, and deeply promote people-oriented new urbanization. Focusing on promoting the common prosperity of people's spiritual life, promote and practice the core socialist values, vigorously promote cultural undertakings, accelerate the development of cultural industries, and enhance the communication and influence of Chinese civilization.
The fourth is to highlight the coordination of development and security. Security is the prerequisite for development, and development is the guarantee for security. The "Outline (Draft)" implements the overall national security concept and proposes a number of tasks and measures focusing on promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities. Enhance the supply security capabilities of food, energy resources, etc., with a comprehensive food production capacity of about 1.45 trillion catties and a comprehensive energy production capacity of 5.8 billion tons of standard coal. Coordinate the orderly resolution of risks in real estate, local government debt, and local small and medium-sized financial institutions. Improve the level of public safety governance and effectively maintain social safety and stability.
(3) Regarding major engineering projects
Focusing on promoting the implementation of the goals and tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan," and taking into account strategic, traction, and continuity, the "Outline (Draft)" proposes 109 major projects in 6 aspects. In leading the development of new quality productive forces, 28 projects are proposed around the improvement of industrial base capabilities and competitiveness, the cultivation and development of new industries and new tracks, the tackling of cutting-edge technology, and the improvement of innovation base capabilities. In building a modern infrastructure system, 23 projects are proposed around the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, the new energy system, new infrastructure, and opening-up platforms to the outside world. In promoting integrated urban-rural development, 9 projects are proposed around new urbanization construction and agricultural and rural modernization construction. In ensuring and improving people's livelihoods, 25 projects are proposed around the prosperity and development of socialist culture, the construction of a high-quality education system, the construction of a healthy China, the optimization of services for "the elderly and the young," and social care services. In promoting green and low-carbon transformation, 18 projects are proposed around carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the improvement of environmental quality, and ecological protection and restoration. In ensuring security in key areas, 6 projects are proposed around food and energy security. These major projects take into account both the present and the long term, involving both "hard investment" and "soft construction." We will focus on using government investment to drive social forces to participate, and better play the important role of major engineering projects in strengthening the foundation, making up for shortcomings, and increasing momentum.
Looking forward to the future, we are full of confidence. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the people across the country will unite and strive to turn the grand blueprint of the "15th Five-Year Plan" into a beautiful reality.
Overall requirements for economic and social development this year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that this year is the first year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." To do a good job in the government's work, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, we must take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guide, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly implement the deployments of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee and the Central Economic Work Conference, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, focus on promoting high-quality development, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, coordinate the domestic and international situations, better coordinate development and security, implement more proactive and effective macro policies, enhance the foresight, pertinence, and coordination of policies, continue to expand domestic demand and optimize supply, do a better job in increasing increments and revitalizing stocks, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, promote the construction of a unified national market in depth, continue to prevent and resolve risks in key areas, focus on stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations, promote the effective improvement of the quality and the reasonable growth of the quantity of the economy, maintain social harmony and stability, and achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Main expected goals for development this year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the government work report on the 5th that the main expected goals for development this year are: economic growth of 4.5%-5%, and strive for better results in actual work; the surveyed urban unemployment rate is about 5.5%, and more than 12 million new urban jobs are created; the increase in the consumer price index is about 2%; the growth of residents' income is synchronized with economic growth; the balance of payments is basically balanced; the grain output is about 1.4 trillion catties; and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product are reduced by about 3.8%.
The main considerations for proposing these expected goals are to leave room for adjusting the structure, preventing risks, and promoting reforms in the first year, and to lay a solid foundation for better development in the later period. The economic growth target is generally consistent with the long-term goal for 2035 and basically matches China's long-term economic growth potential. Achieving this goal has favorable conditions, and all regions should combine their actual conditions and strive for good results through solid work. The surveyed urban unemployment rate of about 5.5% reflects the requirements of adhering to the employment-first policy orientation and increasing efforts to stabilize employment in the context of large total employment and structural pressure. The increase in the consumer price index of about 2% takes into account expected guidance and realistic possibilities. We will promote the overall price level from negative to positive and the reasonable and moderate recovery of consumer prices by improving the relationship between total supply and demand, and promote a virtuous cycle of the economy. The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product by about 3.8% comprehensively considers the needs of economic and social development, green and low-carbon transformation, and national energy security, which is conducive to the orderly achievement of the carbon peaking target before 2030.
Policy orientation for economic and social development this year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the government work report on the 5th that we will adhere to seeking progress while maintaining stability, improving quality and efficiency, giving play to the integrated effect of existing policies and incremental policies, increasing the intensity of counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustments, and effectively improving the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance.
Continue to implement a more proactive fiscal policy. This year's deficit rate is planned to be arranged at about 4%, with a deficit scale of 5.89 trillion yuan, an increase of 230 billion yuan over the previous year. The scale of general public budget expenditure will reach 30 trillion yuan for the first time, an increase of about 1.27 trillion yuan over the previous year. It is planned to issue 1.3 trillion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to continuously support the construction of "two major projects" and "two new projects." It is planned to issue 300 billion yuan of special treasury bonds to support state-owned large commercial banks in replenishing capital. It is planned to arrange 4.4 trillion yuan of special bonds for local governments, improve the negative list management and self-review and self-issuance pilot of special bond projects, and focus on supporting the construction of major projects, replacing implicit debts, and digesting government arrears. This year's fiscal expenditure will continue to maintain a considerable scale. We must continue to work hard to optimize the expenditure structure, pay more attention to supporting boosting consumption, investing in people, and ensuring people's livelihoods, and improve the efficiency of the use of fiscal funds. The central government will increase the scale of financial transfer payments to local governments, carry out pilot projects for integrating and coordinating the use of transfer payment funds, and enhance local financial autonomy and coordination capabilities. Consolidate the main responsibility for graded security, and ensure the bottom line of "three guarantees" at the grassroots level. Governments at all levels must better "manage their finances," establish and improve mechanisms for increasing revenue and reducing expenditure, actively revitalize and utilize existing resources and assets, strictly enforce financial discipline, strengthen budget constraints, strictly control general expenditures, resolutely implement the requirements of living a thrifty life, and be sure to use every penny saved to the key points of development and the urgent needs of the people.
Continue to implement a moderately loose monetary policy. Taking the promotion of stable economic growth and the reasonable recovery of prices as an important consideration for monetary policy, flexibly and efficiently use various policy tools such as reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts, maintain sufficient liquidity, and match the growth of social financing scale and money supply with the expected goals of economic growth and overall price level. Optimize and innovate structural monetary policy tools, appropriately increase the scale, and improve the implementation methods. Unblock the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, give full play to the role of intangible assets such as data elements and intellectual property rights, strengthen support measures such as assessment and evaluation, financing guarantees, and risk compensation, and guide financial institutions to increase support for expanding domestic demand, technological innovation, and small and medium-sized enterprises and other key areas. Regulate the business behavior of the credit market, reduce intermediate financing costs, and promote the low-level operation of comprehensive social financing costs. Maintain the basic stability of the RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level.
Strengthen the coordination of reform measures and macroeconomic policies. To promote high-quality development, both policy support and reform efforts are needed. It is necessary to use reform methods to unclog the blockages in the economic cycle and transform policy effects into endogenous economic growth momentum. Enhance the consistency and effectiveness of macroeconomic policy orientation, incorporate various economic and non-economic policies, existing policies and incremental policies into the consistency assessment of macroeconomic policy orientation, so that various policies and measures work in the same direction and form a synergy. Strengthen the coordination of fiscal, financial, employment, and industrial policies, deeply explore the combination points of policies, innovate implementation tools, and continuously amplify the "combined punch" effect. Improve the expectation management mechanism and boost social confidence.
Focus on Building a Strong Domestic Market
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council (国务院) proposed to focus on building a strong domestic market when introducing the government's work tasks for this year in the government work report on the 5th. Adhere to domestic demand as the mainstay, coordinate the promotion of consumption and the expansion of investment, expand new space for domestic demand growth, and better leverage China's super-large-scale market advantages.
Deeply implement special actions to boost consumption. Stimulate the endogenous driving force of residents' consumption and promote consumption policies in parallel to promote sustained consumption growth. Formulate and implement an income increase plan for urban and rural residents, and launch a number of practical measures in promoting income increase for low-income groups, increasing residents' property income, and improving salary and social security systems. Promote the expansion and upgrading of commodity consumption, arrange 250 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special national bonds to support the replacement of old consumer goods, and optimize the policy implementation mechanism. Establish a 100 billion yuan special fund for fiscal and financial coordination to promote domestic demand, and use a combination of loan interest subsidies, financing guarantees, risk compensation, and other methods to support the expansion of domestic demand. Expand the scope of support for personal consumption loans and interest subsidies for service industry business entities, increase the upper limit of interest subsidies, and extend the implementation period. Implement the one-time credit repair policy well. Implement actions to improve the quality and benefit the people in service consumption, create a number of new consumption scenarios with a wide driving range and high visibility, and accelerate the cultivation of new consumption growth points. Activate offline consumption and stimulate consumption vitality in the sinking market. Clean up unreasonable restrictions in the consumption field and release consumption potential in the fields of culture, tourism, sports events, and health care. Support qualified localities to promote spring and autumn breaks for primary and secondary schools, and implement the system of paid staggered vacations for employees. Strengthen consumer rights protection. Optimize the inbound consumption environment and create the "Buy in China" brand.
Fully tap and release the potential of effective investment. Focus on key areas such as new quality productive forces, new urbanization, and the comprehensive development of people, enhance the growth momentum of effective investment dominated by the market, and increase the proportion of government investment in people's livelihood. This year, it is planned to arrange 755 billion yuan of investment within the central budget, and arrange 800 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special national bond funds for the construction of "two major projects," and increase the central investment subsidy standards by category. Separately list and increase the amount of special local government bonds for project construction, and continue to tilt towards places with sufficient investment project preparation and good use of funds. Issue 800 billion yuan of new policy-based financial instruments to drive more social capital to participate in investment. Coordinate the use of various government investment funds, support localities with a good working foundation to explore the preparation of full-caliber government investment plans, strengthen project fund supervision, and resolutely prevent inefficient and ineffective investment. Implement policies and measures to promote private investment, improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in the construction of major projects, guide private investment to expand into new tracks such as high technology and modern service industries, and effectively stimulate the vitality of private investment.
Accelerate the Cultivation and Growth of New Momentum
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council (国务院) proposed to accelerate the cultivation and growth of new momentum when introducing the government's work tasks for this year in the government work report on the 5th. Adhere to focusing on the real economy as the focus of economic development, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, and build a modern industrial system.
Optimize and upgrade traditional industries. Continue to promote the quality and upgrading of key industries, newly deploy a number of major technological transformation and upgrading projects, and arrange 200 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special national bond funds to support large-scale equipment updates. Implement a new round of high-quality development actions for key manufacturing industry chains, strengthen industrial base reconstruction and major technical equipment tackling, and build a number of national advanced manufacturing clusters. Promote inclusive "cloudification, data utilization, and empowerment" services, and continue to increase support for the digital and intelligent transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises. Expand intelligent manufacturing and newly build a number of intelligent factories and smart supply chains. Develop intelligent construction and cultivate a modern construction industry chain. Accelerate the promotion of standard upgrades, strengthen quality supervision and brand building, and support enterprises to provide more high-quality and more distinctive products.
Cultivate and strengthen emerging industries and future industries. Implement industrial innovation projects, encourage central state-owned enterprises to take the lead in opening up application scenarios, and build emerging pillar industries such as integrated circuits, aerospace, biomedicine, and low-altitude economy. Establish a growth and risk-sharing mechanism for future industrial investment, and cultivate and develop future energy, quantum technology, embodied intelligence, brain-computer interfaces, 6G, and other future industries. Build a mechanism to promote the development and growth of specialized, refined, and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and cultivate unicorn enterprises. Efficiently use the National Venture Capital Guidance Fund, vigorously develop venture capital and angel investment, and government investment funds should take the lead in being patient capital to promote more start-up companies to accelerate their growth into technology leading enterprises.
Expand and improve the quality of the service industry. Deepen the pilot of integrated development of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries. Expand the technology service market and promote the value enhancement of software services. Develop productive service industries such as finance, modern logistics, intellectual property, and inspection and testing. Promote the high-quality, diversified, and convenient development of life service industries. Orderly relax access restrictions in the service industry and expand service industry investment in key areas. Improve the national standards for the service industry and cultivate the "China Service" brand.
Create a new form of intelligent economy. Deepen and expand "Artificial Intelligence +", promote the accelerated promotion of new-generation intelligent terminals and intelligent bodies, promote the commercial and large-scale application of artificial intelligence in key industries and fields, and cultivate new intelligent native business forms and models. Support the construction of artificial intelligence open source communities and promote the prosperity of the open source ecosystem. Implement new infrastructure projects such as ultra-large-scale intelligent computing clusters and computing-electricity coordination, strengthen the monitoring and scheduling of national integrated computing power, and support the development of public clouds. Accelerate the development of satellite Internet. Create an upgraded version of "5G + Industrial Internet." Deepen the development and utilization of data resources, improve the basic system of data elements, and build high-quality data sets. Improve artificial intelligence governance.
Accelerate High-Level Scientific and Technological Self-Reliance and Self-Strengthening
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council (国务院) proposed to accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening when introducing the government's work tasks for this year in the government work report on the 5th. Seize the historical opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, comprehensively enhance independent innovation capabilities, and provide scientific and technological support for high-quality development.
Strengthen original innovation and tackling key core technologies. Give play to the advantages of the new national system, promote the tackling of key core technologies in the entire chain, organize and implement major science and technology projects well, strengthen the layout of strategic frontier areas, and produce more original results. Continue to increase the proportion of investment in basic research and increase long-term and stable support. Coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, deepen the reform of scientific research institutes, strengthen the overall deployment of national laboratories and major scientific and technological tasks and major scientific and technological infrastructure, and comprehensively strengthen the independent guarantee of scientific and technological basic conditions. Strengthen the popularization of science and technology. Promote the spirit of scientists, deepen the reform of the scientific and technological evaluation system, and optimize the environment conducive to original and disruptive innovation.
Promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Build international science and technology innovation centers in Beijing (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) (北京（京津冀）), Shanghai (Yangtze River Delta) (上海（长三角）), and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区), and create world-class sources of scientific and technological innovation. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in innovation, support leading technology enterprises to lead the formation of innovation consortia, and increase the proportion of undertaking major national science and technology projects. Strengthen the construction of pilot verification platforms, improve the intellectual property protection system in emerging fields, and accelerate the efficient transformation and application of major scientific and technological achievements. Strengthen the financial services for the entire chain and entire life cycle of scientific and technological innovation, and implement the "green channel" mechanism for listing financing, mergers and acquisitions, and restructuring of technology-based enterprises in key core technology fields on a regular basis, and support innovation and creation with technology finance.
Promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Establish and improve a coordinated mechanism for integrated promotion, strengthen planning coordination, policy coordination, resource coordination, and evaluation linkage. Improve the adaptation mechanism between talent training and economic and social development needs, promote the reform of universities by category, dynamically adjust disciplines and majors, launch a new round of "double first-class" construction, build national interdisciplinary centers, and increase the independent training of top-notch innovative talents. Accelerate the construction of national strategic talent forces, strengthen the introduction and cultivation of first-class scientific and technological leading talents and young talents, and promote the training of outstanding engineers, master craftsmen, and highly skilled talents. Promote the construction of talent highlands and talent platforms with high standards, and promote the coordinated regional development of talents. Deepen the reform of the talent development system and mechanism, improve the evaluation system oriented to innovation ability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution, smooth the channels for talent exchange, and promote the competition and growth of various talents and the full display of their abilities.
Continuously Deepen Reforms in Key Areas
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council (国务院) proposed to continuously deepen reforms in key areas when introducing the government's work tasks for this year in the government work report on the 5th. Focusing on building a high-level socialist market economic system, strengthen reform and tackle key problems, deeply remove institutional and mechanism obstacles, and enhance the driving force and vitality of high-quality development.
Deeply promote the construction of a unified national market. Formulate regulations on the construction of a unified national market. Improve the systems of statistics, finance and taxation, and assessment, standardize the economic promotion behavior of local governments, issue a list of encouragement and prohibition items for local government investment promotion, and standardize tax incentives and financial subsidy policies. Deepen the reform of the bidding and tendering system and mechanism. Strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition, strengthen the rigid constraints of fair competition review, comprehensively use capacity regulation, standard leadership, price law enforcement, quality supervision and other means to deeply rectify "involution" competition, and create a good market ecology. Deepen the pilot of comprehensive reform of factor market allocation, and include more qualified regions in the pilot scope. Steadily promote the price reform of public utilities and public services.
Promote the reform of the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems. Increase the coordination of fiscal resources and budgets, and increase the proportion of state-owned capital income collection. Strengthen scientific fiscal management, deepen zero-based budgeting reform, and further expand the pilot scope of central departments. Improve the local tax system and expand local tax sources. Adjust and optimize the scope and tax rate of consumption tax, and promote the post-shift of the collection link of some items. Standardize the competitive order of financial institutions and deeply promote the reduction and quality improvement of local small and medium-sized financial institutions. Continuously deepen the comprehensive reform of investment and financing in the capital market, further improve the mechanism for medium and long-term funds to enter the market, improve the investor protection system, expand the exit channels for private equity and venture capital funds, and increase the proportion of direct financing and equity financing.
Fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities. Adhere to and implement the "two unwaverings" (两个毫不动摇). Formulate and implement a plan to further deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, and promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy. Improve the supporting laws and regulations and policies of the Private Economy Promotion Law, and guarantee equal use of production factors, fair participation in market competition, and effective protection of legitimate rights and interests from the perspective of laws and systems. Improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics. Vigorously promote the spirit of entrepreneurs and promote the healthy growth of the younger generation of entrepreneurs. Promote the win-win development of platform enterprises and operators and workers within the platform. Provide classified and precise assistance to the development of individual industrial and commercial households. Make greater efforts to solve the problem of arrears of enterprise payments. Continue to create a first-class business environment to better support enterprises to operate with peace of mind and develop with high quality.
Further Expand High-Level Opening to the Outside World
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council (国务院) proposed to further expand high-level opening to the outside world when introducing the government's work tasks for this year in the government work report on the 5th. Adhere to cooperation and win-win, steadily expand institutional opening, expand international circulation, and promote reform and development through opening up.
Actively expand autonomous opening. Expand market access and opening fields with the service industry as the focus, further expand the opening pilot in fields such as value-added telecommunications, biotechnology, and wholly foreign-owned hospitals, orderly expand the opening of the digital field, and reduce the negative list of cross-border service trade. Build national comprehensive demonstration zones for expanding the opening of the service industry. Promote the signing of more regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements, and actively promote the process of joining the "Digital Economy Partnership Agreement" and the "Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement." Comprehensively and deeply participate in the reform of the World Trade Organization, and maintain and develop an open world economy. Optimize the layout and scope of free trade pilot zones, enhance the innovation-led development capacity, and steadily promote the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港).
Promote the stability and optimization of the structure of foreign trade. Increase credit and credit insurance support, and expand the cross-border use of RMB. Guide enterprises to optimize the global market layout and promote the integrated development of trade and investment and the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade. Cultivate and strengthen new momentum for trade development, promote the expansion and upgrading of the cross-border e-commerce plus overseas warehouse model, standardize and orderly development, strengthen the construction of the international express delivery logistics system, expand intermediate goods trade, develop digital trade and green trade, and improve border trade. Encourage and support service exports. Actively expand imports and promote balanced trade development. Improve the level of cross-border trade facilitation.
Expand two-way investment cooperation. Deepen the reform of the foreign investment promotion system and mechanism, guarantee national treatment for foreign-funded enterprises, implement the new version of the catalog of industries encouraging foreign investment, and promote the reinvestment of foreign capital in China and the expansion of local production. Strengthen the service guarantee for foreign-funded enterprises and polish the "Invest in China" brand. Standardize and upgrade various development zones and parks. Guide the rational and orderly cross-border layout of industrial chains and supply chains, improve the overseas comprehensive service system, and strengthen the risk prevention and control of foreign investment and the protection of overseas interests.
Build the "Belt and Road" with high quality. Strengthen the strategic alignment with co-construction countries, and do a solid and meticulous job in "hard connectivity," "soft connectivity," and "heart connectivity." Coordinate the promotion of major landmark projects and "small and beautiful" livelihood projects. Improve the development level of China-Europe and China-Central Asia freight trains and accelerate the construction of the western land-sea new corridor. Deeply promote the "Smart Customs" partnership program. Expand pragmatic cooperation in emerging fields so that the fruits of cooperation can benefit the people of all countries more.
Solidly Promote the Comprehensive Revitalization of the Countryside
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council (国务院) proposed to solidly promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside when introducing the government's work tasks for this year in the government work report on the 5th. Adhere to taking the work of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" as the top priority, deeply study and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" Project ( “千万工程”经验), improve the effectiveness of policies to strengthen agriculture, benefit agriculture, and enrich agriculture, and further consolidate the agricultural and rural foundation and improve the quality and efficiency of development.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed the government work tasks for this year in the government work report on the 5th, emphasizing the solid promotion of comprehensive rural revitalization. We must adhere to prioritizing "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" in our work, deeply study and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" project, improve the effectiveness of policies that strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich farmers, and further consolidate the foundation of agriculture and rural areas and enhance the quality and efficiency of development.
We must unremittingly focus on grain production. We must adhere to simultaneously focusing on yield and capacity, production and ecology, and increased production and income, and intensify the implementation of a new round of action to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion catties. Stabilize grain and oil production, promote the integrated enhancement of good fields, good seeds, good machinery, and good methods, and promote large-scale yield improvement, variety improvement, and quality improvement. Consolidate and enhance soybean and oilseed production capacity, and promote the stable production and quality improvement of cotton, sugar, and rubber. Adhere to the simultaneous development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, and increase the supply of diversified foods. Strictly adhere to the red line of arable land, strictly manage the balance between occupation and compensation, promote the construction of high-standard farmland with high quality, and strengthen the protection of black soil and the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. Formulate measures to promote the development of agricultural insurance. Improve the comprehensive agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. Deepen the implementation of the seed industry revitalization action, accelerate the selection, breeding, and promotion of breakthrough varieties, promote the research and application of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery and equipment, and clear the "last mile" of agricultural science and technology promotion. Coordinate production, storage, and other policies to promote the maintenance of prices of grain and other important agricultural products at reasonable levels, implement inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation in grain production and sales areas, and mobilize the enthusiasm of major production areas and farmers to grow grain. All regions must shoulder their responsibilities and jointly secure the rice bowls of the Chinese people.
Implement normalized and precise assistance. Continue to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, incorporate normalized assistance into the overall implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and firmly guard the bottom line against large-scale return to poverty. Maintain the overall stability of assistance policies. Reasonably determine the identification standards for preventing return to poverty, do a good job in monitoring and identification, and ensure early detection, early intervention, and early assistance. Improve the effectiveness of development-oriented assistance such as industry and employment, and give play to the role of social assistance as a safety net. Continue to do a good job in follow-up support for relocation from inhospitable areas. Improve east-west cooperation, designated assistance, stationing in villages for assistance, and consumption assistance. Provide tiered and classified assistance to underdeveloped areas, support key assistance counties for rural revitalization to accelerate development, and enhance endogenous动力 (dònglì - "driving force," internal impetus).
Continue to promote rural reform and development. Comprehensively carry out the second round of pilot projects in the whole province to extend land contracts for another 30 years after the expiration of the first round, develop moderately scaled agricultural operations, and improve the modern agricultural operation system and socialization service system. Support the development of new types of rural collective economies. Deepen the reform of collective property rights, collective forest rights, state farms, and supply and marketing cooperatives. Conduct the fourth national agricultural census. Promote the two-way flow of urban and rural factors, deepen the integrated development of agriculture, culture, and tourism, cultivate and strengthen rural characteristic industries, improve the level of intensive processing of agricultural products, develop under-forest economy, improve the mechanism for linking farmers and benefiting farmers, and promote the stable increase of farmers' income. Develop and strengthen the rural talent team. Deepen the reform of rural customs and habits, and improve the level of rural governance and the construction of civilized rural customs. Continue to rectify and improve the rural living environment, and solve problems such as rural toilet renovation and garbage surrounding villages with a **钉钉子精神** (dīng dīngzi jīngshén - "nail-nailing spirit," perseverance; the spirit of driving nails one by one). Solidly promote comprehensive land consolidation in the whole region. Improve the implementation mechanism of rural construction, accelerate the efforts to make up for the shortcomings in modern rural living conditions, and promote the construction of livable, workable, and beautiful villages.
Promote New Urbanization and Coordinated Regional Development
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed the government work tasks for this year in the government work report on the 5th, emphasizing the promotion of new urbanization and coordinated regional development. We will deeply implement the regional coordinated development strategy, the regional major strategy, the main functional area strategy, and the new urbanization strategy to build a regional economic layout and a territorial space system with complementary advantages and high-quality development.
Deeply promote people-oriented new urbanization. Scientifically and orderly promote the urbanization of agricultural transfer population, relax the registration conditions for the high school entrance examination in the inflow areas according to local conditions, and further improve the "people-land-money" linkage policy. Optimize the layout of county infrastructure and the allocation of public resources, develop county characteristic industries, and promote the high-quality development of the county economy. Adhere to the connotative development of cities and optimize the modern urban system. Promote urban renewal with high quality, and steadily implement the renovation of old urban communities and urban villages. Revitalize and utilize existing land and idle housing facilities. Strengthen the construction of safety projects for urban infrastructure lifelines, and improve the fire prevention and rescue capabilities of high-rise buildings. Build innovative industrial communities and business communities, promote the intelligent and refined urban governance, and build modern people's cities.
Continuously enhance the coordination of regional development. Optimize the division of main functional areas and guide various regions to better leverage their comparative advantages around the positioning of the main functions. Solidly promote the formation of a new pattern of western development, new breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of the Northeast, the accelerated rise of the central region, and the accelerated modernization of the eastern region. Strengthen reform and tackling key problems, policy empowerment, and factor guarantees, and support major economic provinces to **挑大梁** (tiāo dàliáng - "carry the main beam," to shoulder heavy responsibilities). Support the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀), Yangtze River Delta (长三角), and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区) to build world-class city clusters. Promote the construction of Xiong'an New Area (雄安新区) with high standards and high quality. Continue to promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (长江经济带) and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin (黄河流域). Enhance the development capacity of the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin-City Economic Circle (成渝地区双城经济圈). Promote the accelerated development of the city clusters in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (长江中游城市群). Strengthen the coordination and linkage of key city clusters, improve mechanisms such as planning coordination, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing, implement the national industrial transfer development and upgrading project, and deepen cross-administrative region cooperation. Increase the support for differentiated policies, deepen the action of revitalizing the border and enriching the people, and promote the revitalization and development of old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and resource-exhausted cities. Strengthen the overall planning of major bays and strengthen, optimize, and expand the marine industry.
Guarantee and Improve People's Livelihood with Greater Efforts
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed the government work tasks for this year in the government work report on the 5th, emphasizing the guarantee and improvement of people's livelihood with greater efforts. We must adhere to putting people's livelihood first, strengthen the construction of inclusive, basic, and bottom-line people's livelihood, and strive to do more practical things for the people.
Promote high-quality and full employment. Increase the support of various policies for employment and build an employment-friendly development mode. Continue to implement phased measures such as stable job return, social security subsidies, and special loans, and further increase the scale of investment in work-for-relief. Implement the action of stabilizing jobs, expanding capacity, and improving quality, support labor-intensive industries and enterprises to stabilize jobs, cultivate new occupations and new jobs around the development of emerging industries and future industries, and enhance the ability of the service industry to drive employment. Formulate policies to support the employment of college graduates and other young people, strengthen the stabilization and assistance of migrant workers, do a good job in the resettlement and employment services of veterans, strengthen employment assistance for people in difficulty, and introduce policies to support flexible employment personnel and new employment form personnel to participate in employee insurance. Give play to the role of policies such as interest subsidies for entrepreneurial guarantee loans and strengthen entrepreneurial support and guidance. Improve measures to adapt to the development of artificial intelligence technology to promote employment and entrepreneurship. Comprehensively implement the wage payment guarantee system for migrant workers, strengthen the governance of employment discrimination, and resolutely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers. Continue to carry out large-scale vocational skills improvement training, so that more workers have a skill and better employment and income increase.
Promote education equity and quality improvement. Implement the new era's moral education project, and promote the effective integration of ideological and political classrooms and social classrooms. Adapt to changes in the age structure of the school-age population and promote the structural adjustment of the layout of educational resources. Promote the expansion and quality improvement of basic education, coordinate the balanced development of compulsory education with high quality and the inclusive development of preschool education with high quality, improve the free preschool education policy, and increase the supply of ordinary high school places. Continue to expand the enrollment scale of high-quality undergraduate education. Improve the school-running ability of vocational schools and build distinctive high vocational colleges. Run special education and specialized education well, improve the public service level of lifelong learning, and guide and regulate the development of private education. Build a high-quality and professional teaching team, strengthen the construction of teachers' ethics and style, and strengthen the guarantee of teachers' treatment. Strengthen physical education, aesthetic education, labor education, and mental health education, improve the mechanism for schools, families, and society to jointly educate people, and promote students' physical and mental health and all-round development.
Strengthen basic medical and health services. Implement the health-first development strategy, improve the health promotion policy and system system, improve the effectiveness of the patriotic health campaign, and strengthen public health capabilities. Improve the coordinated development and governance mechanism of medical treatment, medical insurance, and medicine, deepen the reform of public hospitals oriented to public welfare, and strengthen the operational guarantee of county and grassroots medical institutions. Strengthen the construction of weak specialties and comprehensively improve emergency and first aid, blood security, and emergency response capabilities. Optimize the functional positioning and layout of medical institutions, strengthen the connection of grassroots medication, implement family doctor contract services, and promote hierarchical diagnosis and treatment. Promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine and promote the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The per capita financial subsidy standard for residents' medical insurance will be increased by 24 yuan. Improve the multi-level medical security system, steadily promote the provincial overall planning of basic medical insurance, optimize the centralized procurement and price governance of medicines, deepen the reform of medical insurance payment methods, and improve the policy on the use of surplus funds. Resolutely crack down on fraud and deception. Accelerate the development of commercial health insurance, promote the high-quality development of innovative drugs and medical devices, and better meet the diversified medical and drug needs of the people.
Strengthen social security and services. The minimum monthly standard for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents will be increased by another 20 yuan. Improve and implement the national overall planning system for basic old-age insurance, expand the coverage of unemployment and work-related injury insurance, steadily and orderly promote the expansion of the pilot project for occupational injury protection, and improve the policy on the transfer and continuation of social security relations. Deeply implement the national strategy of actively responding to population aging, expand the supply of inclusive elderly care services, actively develop rural elderly care services, and implement the consumption subsidy project for elderly care services for moderately or severely disabled elderly people. Actively develop elderly human resources, formulate measures to promote the high-quality development of the silver-haired economy, and improve support policies for elderly products, elderly finance, and travel and elderly care. Implement the capacity expansion and upgrading project for rehabilitation and nursing. Promote the long-term care insurance system. Do a good job in caring for and helping vulnerable groups such as elderly people living alone and disabled elderly people with dementia. Advocate a positive view of marriage and childbearing. Strengthen housing security for first-married and first-child families and support multi-child families to improve their housing needs. Improve the maternity insurance system and the maternity leave system. Deeply carry out pilot projects for demonstration subsidies for childcare services and develop inclusive childcare and integrated childcare services. Strengthen disability prevention, rehabilitation, and care services, and promote the coordinated utilization of elderly care and disability assistance resources. Do a good job in caring for vulnerable children and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. Strengthen service guarantees for military personnel, military families, veterans, and other preferential treatment recipients. Establish and improve the basic funeral service system. Do a good job in social assistance work by layers and categories and firmly hold the bottom line of people's livelihood.
Better meet the people's spiritual and cultural needs. Lead cultural construction with socialist core values. Develop the cause of philosophy and social sciences and promote the creation of high-quality works in the fields of news and publishing, radio, film, television, literature, and art. Strengthen the construction and management of network content, deepen the comprehensive governance of the network, and promote the network protection of minors. Implement the action of improving the quality and efficiency of public cultural services, do a good job in the benefit-the-people opening of public libraries, museums, and cultural centers, improve the national reading promotion service system, widely carry out mass cultural activities, and prosper the new mass literature and art under the Internet conditions. Develop the archives cause. Deeply implement the inheritance and development project of excellent traditional Chinese culture, complete the fourth national cultural relics census, and strengthen the systematic protection, supervision, and rational utilization of cultural heritage. Develop the cultural tourism industry with high quality and enrich the integrated formats of culture, tourism, sports, and commerce. Encourage more cultural enterprises and excellent cultural products to go to the world and enhance the international communication capabilities of mainstream media. Do a good job in the preparations for the 2026 Asian Games. Accelerate the reshaping of the football youth training system. Actively develop the event economy, the ice and snow economy, and outdoor sports, build and use sports venues and facilities around the masses, and cultivate more characteristic mass sports events and activities.
Accelerate the Comprehensive Green Transition
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed the government work tasks for this year in the government work report on the 5th, emphasizing accelerating the comprehensive green transition. Taking carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as the traction, we will coordinate the promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, and enhance the momentum of green development.
Strengthen the comprehensive management of the ecological environment. Deeply fight the tough battle to defend the blue sky, clear water, and pure land, formulate and implement an action plan for continuous improvement of air quality, promote the treatment of black and odorous water bodies in counties and rural areas, and strengthen the risk management and control of polluted land in key industries. Strengthen the governance of new pollutants and implement the comprehensive governance action of solid waste. Improve the diversified ecological compensation mechanism and expand the channels for realizing the value of ecological products. Strengthen biodiversity protection and implement the ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River. Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass, and sand, implement the integration and optimization of nature reserves, promote the construction of national parks, and solidly promote the tough battle of the "Three-North" project, so that the mountains around the people are greener and the water is clearer.
Vigorously develop a green and low-carbon economy. Improve policies to promote green and low-carbon development, implement actions to improve quality, reduce costs, and reduce carbon emissions in key industries, and deeply promote the construction of zero-carbon parks and factories. Establish a national low-carbon transition fund and cultivate new growth points such as hydrogen energy and green fuels. Effectively control high-energy-consuming and high-emission projects, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, and support the innovation and application of green and low-carbon technologies and equipment. Improve the total amount management of resources and the comprehensive conservation system, and strengthen the recycling of renewable resources.
Actively and steadily promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Implement the dual control system of total carbon emissions and intensity, improve the carbon emission statistics and accounting and carbon footprint management system, and further expand the coverage of the carbon emission trading market. Formulate an outline for the construction of a strong energy country. Focus on building a new power system, accelerate the construction of smart grids, develop new energy storage, and expand the application of green electricity. Strengthen the clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy.
Strengthen Risk Prevention and Resolution in Key Areas and Security Capacity Building
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed the government work tasks for this year in the government work report on the 5th, emphasizing strengthening risk prevention and resolution in key areas and security capacity building. We will coordinate risk prevention and development promotion, further enhance development resilience, resolutely hold the bottom line of security, and promote social harmony and stability.
Focus on stabilizing the real estate market. Implement policies according to the city to control the increase, destock, and optimize the supply, explore multiple channels to revitalize existing commercial housing, and encourage the acquisition of existing commercial housing for affordable housing. Deepen the reform of the housing provident fund system. Optimize the supply of affordable housing and accelerate the renovation of dilapidated and old houses. Orderly promote the construction of safe, comfortable, green, and smart "good houses," and implement the housing quality improvement project and the property service quality improvement action. Further give play to the role of the "guaranteed delivery of houses" whitelist system and prevent the risk of debt default. Deeply promote the construction of the basic system and supporting policies for the new model of real estate development.
Actively and orderly resolve the debt risks of local governments. Support all regions to make full use of policies, accelerate the resolution of implicit debt risks, strictly prevent false debt resolution, and resolutely take curbing illegal new implicit debt as an iron discipline. Increase financial and fiscal support, optimize debt restructuring and replacement methods, and resolve the operational debt risks of local government financing platforms through multiple measures, and promote reform and transformation in a classified and orderly manner. Optimize debt monitoring and assessment indicators and build a unified long-term mechanism for government debt management.
Actively and steadily resolve risks in the financial sector. Replenish the risk disposal resources and means of local small and medium-sized financial institutions. Adhere to the principles of marketization and the rule of law, and orderly promote the disposal of high-risk institutions. Increase capital replenishment through multiple channels and steadily dispose of non-performing assets of financial institutions. Strengthen financial regulatory coordination and prevent and crack down on illegal financial activities. Strengthen financial risk monitoring, early warning, and early correction, and improve the ability to prevent risks at the source.
Safeguard national security and social stability. Comprehensively implement the overall national security concept, improve the national security system, and strengthen the national security capacity building in key areas. Strengthen public safety governance, improve the intrinsic safety level of important infrastructure, continue to consolidate the grassroots foundation for safe production and disaster prevention and mitigation, and comprehensively complete the three-year action for fundamental improvement of safe production. Strengthen monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of meteorological, hydrological, geological disasters, forest and grassland fires, and earthquakes. Accelerate the efforts to address the shortcomings in flood control, drainage, and disaster relief infrastructure and emergency response in northern regions. Accelerate the construction of a modern water network. Improve the catastrophic insurance security system. Strictly supervise the safety of food, drugs, key industrial products, and special equipment. Improve the social governance system, guide and support the healthy development of social organizations, humanitarian assistance, volunteer services, and public welfare charities, and promote the reform and development of industry associations and chambers of commerce. Adhere to and develop the "Fengqiao Experience" in the new era, promote the standardized construction of comprehensive management centers, improve community governance, and promote the prevention and diversified resolution of conflicts and disputes. Strengthen social psychological counseling. Deepen the legalization of petition work and focus on resolving petition issues. Deepen the overall prevention and control system and capacity building of social security, improve the normalized mechanism for combating organized crime and evil, increase the prevention and crackdown on telecommunications network fraud, drug crimes, etc., and build a higher level of safe China.
Firmly establish and practice the correct view of political achievements, and insist on making political achievements for the people and achieving them through hard work.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that the new situation and tasks put forward higher requirements for the work of the government. Governments at all levels and their staff should deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards," and consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core in terms of thought, politics, and action. Resolutely shoulder the political responsibility of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, consolidate and expand the learning and education results of deeply implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulation, strengthen the standardization and supervision of power allocation and operation, promote the construction of Party conduct and integrity and the anti-corruption struggle in the government in depth, and deepen the rectification of unhealthy tendencies and corruption problems around the masses. Firmly establish and practice the correct view of political achievements, insist on making political achievements for the people and achieving them through hard work, and consciously act in accordance with the laws.
Deeply promote administration according to law, and strictly perform duties in accordance with the Constitution and laws.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that we must strengthen the construction of a government under the rule of law, deeply promote administration according to law, and strictly perform our duties in accordance with the Constitution and laws.
Consciously accept the supervision of the people's congress and its standing committee at the same level, consciously accept the democratic supervision of the people's political consultative conference, and consciously accept social and public opinion supervision. Improve the quality and effectiveness of audit supervision. Adhere to scientific, democratic, and law-based decision-making. Solidly do a good job in government affairs disclosure and strengthen policy publicity and interpretation. Support trade unions, the Communist Youth League (共青团), women's federations, and other mass organizations to better play their roles. Deepen the reform of public institutions. Improve the long-term mechanism for regulating administrative law enforcement involving enterprises. Taking "efficiently handling one matter" as the lead, continuously optimize government services and accelerate the construction of digital government. Focus on improving administrative efficiency, settle down to implement, earnestly solve problems, and improve the execution and penetration of the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments. Governments at all levels must establish a sense of the overall situation, accurately grasp their positioning in the overall national development situation, and be good at combining national strategies, market demands, and regional advantages to explore new models of high-quality development in accordance with local conditions. Improve the differentiated assessment and evaluation system, continue to deepen the rectification of formalism to reduce the burden on the grassroots, so that the majority of cadres can concentrate on implementing and doing practical things. Create a good political environment, talent environment, business environment, and public opinion environment, and gather a strong joint force for promoting high-quality development in the whole society.
Work on ethnic, religious, and overseas Chinese affairs.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that we must take the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, actively promote extensive exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups, accelerate the modernization of ethnic areas, and promote the construction of the Chinese national community. Adhere to the Party's basic policy on religious work, adhere to the direction of Sinicization of religion in our country, and strengthen the legalization of religious affairs governance. Comprehensively implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese and returned overseas Chinese relatives, and better gather the hearts and strength of overseas Chinese.
Modernization of national defense and the armed forces.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) said in the government work report on the 5th that in the past year, new achievements have been made in the modernization of national defense and the armed forces. In the new year, we must thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) thinking on strengthening the army, implement the military strategic policy in the new era, adhere to the Party's absolute leadership over the people's army, comprehensively and deeply implement the chairman responsibility system of the Central Military Commission, take political building of the army as the guide, continue to deepen political rectification, and continue to fight well in the battle to achieve the centenary goal of the army. Solidly promote military training and preparation, accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities, and improve the strategic ability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests. Grasp the preparation of the "15th Five-Year Plan" for army building, implement major national defense development projects, and implement the modernization promotion project of military theory. Work together to promote cross-military and local reforms, optimize the national defense science and technology industry system and layout, and consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities. Accelerate the construction of national defense mobilization capabilities and deepen national defense education for all. Governments at all levels should vigorously support the construction of national defense and the armed forces, deeply carry out the "double support" work, and consolidate the unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.
Work on Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) said in the government work report on the 5th that we must unswervingly implement the principles of "one country, two systems," "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong," "Macao people governing Macao," and a high degree of autonomy, implement the principles of "patriots governing Hong Kong" and "patriots governing Macao," enhance the effectiveness of Hong Kong and Macao's governance according to law, and promote the economic and social development of Hong Kong and Macao. Support Hong Kong and Macao to better integrate into and serve the overall national development, give play to Hong Kong and Macao's unique advantages and important roles of relying on the motherland and connecting with the world, and promote the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao.
We must thoroughly implement the Party's overall strategy for resolving the Taiwan issue in the new era, adhere to the one-China principle and the "1992 Consensus" (九二共识), resolutely combat the "Taiwan independence" separatist forces, oppose interference by external forces, promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, and advance the great cause of national reunification. Deepen cross-strait exchanges, cooperation, and integrated development, jointly inherit and promote Chinese culture, implement policies that allow Taiwan compatriots to enjoy the same treatment, enhance the well-being of compatriots on both sides of the strait, and jointly create a great cause of national rejuvenation.
Diplomatic work.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that we must adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace, adhere to the path of peaceful development, expand the global partnership network, resolutely oppose hegemonism and power politics, and safeguard international fairness and justice. China is willing to work with the international community to advocate an equal and orderly world multipolarization and an inclusive and beneficial economic globalization, promote the implementation of the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, actively participate in the reform and construction of the global governance system, promote the development of the international order in a more just and reasonable direction, and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind and create a better future for world peace and development.
Li Qiang (李强) emphasized that the blueprint has been drawn, and it is the right time to forge ahead. We must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guide, unite as one, forge ahead, strive to achieve the goals and tasks of economic and social development for the whole year, ensure a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan," and strive to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization!
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th. Li Qiang (李强), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Premier of the State Council, visited the Yunnan (云南) delegation to the National People's Congress on the afternoon of March 5th to deliberate on the government work report with the delegates. Delegates Yang Changkai (杨长楷), Nong Jiagui (农加贵), and Li Zhijuan (李志娟) spoke successively, and Li Qiang (李强) exchanged ideas and discussed with them from time to time.
After listening to the delegates' speeches, Li Qiang (李强) said that the past year and the entire "14th Five-Year Plan" period have been very extraordinary in China's development history. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the people of all ethnic groups across the country have united and worked hard to overcome pressure, successfully completing the main goals and tasks of economic and social development. The "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, and China's overall national strength has reached a new level. The vast number of cadres and people in Yunnan (云南) have thoroughly implemented the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions on Yunnan's (云南) work and the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee. The level of economic development has steadily improved, the work of benefiting the people has achieved remarkable results, the construction of a radiation center facing South Asia (南亚) and Southeast Asia (东南亚) has accelerated, and the foundation for development has been further consolidated and the space for development has been further expanded.
Li Qiang (李强) emphasized that this year is the first year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." The uncertainty of the external environment has increased, and the tasks of domestic reform and development are arduous and heavy. We must respond effectively to various risks and challenges with more proactive actions and more pragmatic actions. With the profound adjustment of the global economic and trade pattern and the domestic economic structure, Yunnan's (云南) position and role in the overall national development situation have become more prominent. It is necessary to adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, firmly establish and practice the correct view of performance, and earnestly do a good job in various economic and social fields, seeking practical results with hard work, and demonstrating new achievements in Yunnan's (云南) development in the construction of Chinese-style modernization. It is necessary to vigorously develop modern service industries, focus on key points, tap potential, promote tourism product innovation and service optimization, and promote the deep integration of culture, tourism, sports, and commerce. Scientifically layout "green electricity + intelligent computing," deepen and expand "artificial intelligence +," promote the digital and intelligent transformation of the service industry, and cultivate new growth points in artificial intelligence application services, data industries, and other aspects. It is necessary to comprehensively enhance the functions of major channels and bridgeheads, deepen open cooperation facing South Asia (南亚), Southeast Asia (东南亚), and the Indian Ocean region, give full play to the role of various platforms such as the Yunnan Free Trade Pilot Zone (云南自贸试验区), actively undertake the gradient transfer of industries in the eastern region, and promote the "port + channel + market" development in an integrated manner, and promote the upgrading of the channel economy to the hub economy and the industrial economy. It is necessary to adhere to both regular and precise assistance and the stimulation of endogenous动力 (nèi shēng dòng lì - "endogenous power," internal driving force), firmly hold the bottom line of preventing large-scale return to poverty, promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside, strengthen the industries that benefit the people, such as plateau characteristic agriculture and ethnic characteristic handicrafts, improve employment and entrepreneurship support policies, promote the continuous and rapid increase of people's income, and continuously consolidate the good situation of national unity, social harmony, and border prosperity and stability.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th. Zhao Leji (赵乐际), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, participated in the deliberations of the Sichuan delegation to which he belongs on the afternoon of the 5th. Representatives Luo Xiangang (罗先刚), Zeng Daoqun (曾道群), and Liu Jiang (柳江) spoke successively. Zhao Leji (赵乐际) listened carefully to their speeches and had in-depth exchanges with the representatives. Zhao Leji (赵乐际) said that the government work report made by Premier Li Qiang (李强) thoroughly implements the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, conscientiously implements the deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session, objectively and comprehensively summarizes the achievements, and scientifically and rationally arranges the goals and tasks. It is a good report with a clear theme, pragmatic and progressive spirit, and unity and encouragement.
Zhao Leji (赵乐际) pointed out that in the past year, facing the complex and volatile international situation and the arduous and heavy domestic reform, development, and stability tasks, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, successfully completing the main goals and tasks of economic and social development. After five years of unremitting efforts, the "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion. China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, defense strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached a new level, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new and solid steps. These achievements have not come easily. The fundamental reason lies in the leadership and steering of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must more consciously uphold the "Two Establishes" and achieve the "Two Safeguards," enhance our confidence in victory, maintain strategic focus, and under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee, unswervingly manage our own affairs well, and do a solid and in-depth job in various tasks, strive to achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan," and turn the grand vision into a beautiful reality step by step.
Zhao Leji (赵乐际) fully affirmed Sichuan's economic and social development achievements, and expressed the hope that Sichuan will thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions on Sichuan's work and the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, implement the "15th Five-Year Plan" well, and strive to write a new chapter of Chinese-style modernization in Sichuan. Seize the major opportunity of building a national strategic hinterland, and build a modern industrial system with Sichuan characteristics and advantages; actively serve and integrate into the new development pattern, play an active role in promoting the construction of a unified national market, and build a strategic highland for opening to the west and a new base for participating in international competition; promote coordinated economic and social development, focus on solving the urgent and difficult problems of the masses, and let the masses have a real, tangible, and accessible sense of gain; solidly carry out the study and education of establishing and practicing correct views on political achievements, persistently promote comprehensive and strict Party governance, and lead the formation of a good development environment with a clean and upright political ecology.
Zhao Leji (赵乐际) hopes that the people's congresses at all levels in Sichuan Province will thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on the rule of law and General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on upholding and improving the system of people's congresses, adhere to the Party's comprehensive leadership over the work of the people's congresses, practice whole-process people's democracy, implement the deployment requirements for comprehensively governing the country according to law, promote the high-quality development of the work of the people's congresses, and help Sichuan achieve a good start and a good step for the "15th Five-Year Plan." It is necessary to do a good job in the election of people's congresses at the county and township levels in accordance with the unified deployment of the Party Central Committee.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th (Reporter) - Wang Huning (王沪宁), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, visited the Guizhou (贵州) delegation to which he belongs on the afternoon of March 5th to deliberate on the government work report with the delegates. Delegates including Li Li (李利), Ouyang Qiansen (欧阳黔森), and Hong Hupeng (洪湖鹏) actively spoke. Wang Huning (王沪宁) listened carefully to the speeches and had in-depth exchanges with the delegates.
Wang Huning (王沪宁) said that the government work report made by Premier Li Qiang (李强) comprehensively implements Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, implements the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, and reflects the overall deployment of the CPC Central Committee on the work of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. He fully agreed with this report.
Wang Huning (王沪宁) stated that in the past year and during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, promoting new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. The main goals and tasks of economic and social development were successfully completed, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion. China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached a new level, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new and solid steps. The fundamental reason for these achievements lies in the leadership and guidance of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, and in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes" and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," and earnestly enhance our sense of responsibility and mission in promoting Chinese-style modernization.
Wang Huning (王沪宁) expressed his hope that Guizhou (贵州) will comprehensively implement the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech during his inspection in Guizhou (贵州), adhere to taking high-quality development as the overall command, adhere to focusing on "four modernizations" around "four new," maintain social harmony and stability, and achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." The development of Guizhou (贵州) during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period should be planned and promoted within the overall development of the cause of the Party and the country, better reflecting the spirit and requirements of the national overall plan, and more resolutely and forcefully implementing the major decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee. We must firmly guard the foundation of the real economy, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, continue to optimize the business environment, adhere to ecological priority and green development, and embark on a new path of high-quality development in deepening reform and opening up. We must promote the integrated development of industrial prosperity, county strengthening, and people's affluence, consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, accelerate the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside, and guarantee and improve people's livelihoods. We must do a good job in strengthening the awareness of the Chinese national community, and carry out activities to create national unity and progress. We must strengthen the Party's leadership and Party building, and guide Party members and cadres to strengthen the concept of serving the Party for the public and seeking happiness for the people, and establish and practice a correct view of political achievements.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th (Xinhua) - Ding Xuexiang (丁薛祥), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, visited the Liaoning delegation (辽宁代表团) he belongs to on the afternoon of March 5th to review the government work report with the deputies. Deputies such as Lü Zhicheng (吕志成), Sun Dongming (孙东明), and Tong Liang (佟亮) spoke successively.
After listening to the deputies' speeches, Ding Xuexiang (丁薛祥) said that Premier Li Qiang's (李强) government work report fully implemented Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully reflected the Party Central Committee's arrangements and deployments for the current and future periods, and is a good report that holds high the banner, seeks truth and is pragmatic, and inspires people to forge ahead. I fully agree with it.
Ding Xuexiang (丁薛祥) said that in the past year, facing profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core led the whole country to calmly respond and forge ahead courageously, planning for the worst and striving for the best. China's economic aggregate has reached a new level, the momentum of developing towards new and better directions has become stronger, the main goals and tasks have been successfully completed, the "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new and solid steps. These achievements are extremely hard-won, and the fundamental reason lies in General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) leadership and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments" from this, enhance the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards."
Ding Xuexiang (丁薛祥) pointed out that this year is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." To do a good job in economic and social development, we must adhere to and strengthen the Party's overall leadership and implement the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments without compromise. Accurately grasp the goal orientation, improve the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance, adhere to doing the right things in the long term, pursue substantial and unexaggerated growth, accelerate the solution of shortcomings, eliminate risks and hidden dangers in key areas, and promote high-quality and sustainable development. Adhere to leading industrial upgrading with scientific and technological innovation, accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, actively develop new quality productive forces, and promote the smooth transition of new and old driving forces. Continue to deepen reforms in key areas, expand high-level opening up to the outside world, and enhance the动力活力 of high-quality development. Actively respond to social concerns, do more practical things for the people, and continuously improve the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security.
Ding Xuexiang (丁薛祥) fully affirmed the achievements made in Liaoning's (辽宁) economic and social development, and expressed the hope that Liaoning (辽宁) will keep in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) instructions, firmly establish and practice the correct view of political achievements, and show greater responsibility and action in the comprehensive revitalization of the Northeast in the new era. Adhere to the combination of policy support and reform and innovation, actively connect with and make good use of national strategies and policies, promote industrial transformation and upgrading in accordance with local conditions, continuously optimize the business environment, promote continuous new achievements in economic and social development, and make positive contributions to achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th (Reporter) - Li Xi (李希), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, visited the Fujian (福建) delegation to which he belongs on the afternoon of March 5th to deliberate on the government work report with the delegates. Delegates such as Qin Yuan (秦源), Hu Sheng (胡盛), and Wang Yongcheng (王永澄) spoke successively. Li Xi listened carefully and exchanged discussions with the delegates. The atmosphere at the meeting was lively and warm.
After listening to the delegates' speeches, Li Xi said that he fully agreed with the government work report made by Premier Li Qiang (李强). In the past year, facing profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, successfully completing the main goals and tasks of economic and social development. China's economy has moved forward against pressure and developed towards new and better directions, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new and solid steps. After five years of arduous struggle, the main goals and tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan" have been successfully completed. China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached a new level, and a good start has been made for the new journey towards the second centenary goal. These achievements have not come easily, and the fundamental reason lies in the leadership and guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It is necessary to more deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes" and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, and concentrate our efforts to promote Chinese-style modernization, turning the "15th Five-Year Plan" blueprint into a beautiful reality.
Li Xi pointed out that the "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for laying the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization. He hopes that Fujian (福建) will always adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, firmly grasp the Party Central Committee's functional positioning and strategic deployment for Fujian's (福建) development, focus on the goal of building a new Fujian (福建) with a vibrant mechanism, superior industries, affluent people, and a beautiful ecology, actively serve the overall national development situation and the overall situation of work towards Taiwan, continue to deepen reform and opening up, promote high-quality development in all aspects, focus on building a modern industrial system, steadily promote common prosperity, and persistently promote comprehensive and strict Party governance, striving to be the first in the construction of Chinese-style modernization.
Li Xi emphasized that to govern a country, one must first govern the Party, and only when the Party is prosperous can the country be strong. Discipline inspection and supervision organs must more proactively focus on the center and serve the overall situation, promote comprehensive and strict Party governance with higher standards and more practical measures, and provide a strong guarantee for achieving the goals and tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. It is necessary to firmly safeguard the Party's unity and unification, strictly enforce political discipline and election discipline, strengthen political supervision, resolutely eliminate "two-faced people" who harbor ulterior motives and whose words do not match their actions, focus on solving the "seven things to guard against" problem, promote the vast number of Party members and cadres to firmly establish and practice a correct view of performance, and implement strategic deployments such as implementing the new development concept, promoting high-quality development, and accelerating the construction of a new development pattern. It is necessary to firmly defend the Party's advancement and purity, strictly and practically rectify the "four forms of formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism, and extravagance" (四风 (sì fēng - "four winds," undesirable work styles)), deeply implement the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulation (中央八项规定) (zhōng yāng bā xiàng guī dìng - "Central Eight-Point Regulation," guidelines for reducing bureaucracy and improving work style), promote the integrated advancement of "not daring to be corrupt, not being able to be corrupt, and not wanting to be corrupt," continue to deepen the rectification of unhealthy tendencies and corruption problems around the people, focus on eradicating the soil and conditions for breeding corruption, and firmly follow the path of anti-corruption with Chinese characteristics.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th. Vice President Han Zheng (韩正) visited the Shandong delegation he belongs to on the afternoon of March 5th to review the government work report together with the delegates. The atmosphere at the meeting was lively. Yu Jinming (于金明), Zhuo Changli (卓长立), Guan Zhijie (关志洁) and other delegates spoke one after another. Han Zheng (韩正) listened carefully and exchanged discussions with everyone from time to time.
After listening to the delegates' speeches, Han Zheng (韩正) said that the government work report made by Premier Li Qiang (李强) was guided by Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, implemented the arrangements of the Central Economic Work Conference, fully and accurately implemented the new development concept, adhered to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, and is a good report that holds high the banner and seeks truth and pragmatism. I fully agree with this report.
Han Zheng (韩正) said that in 2025, facing the complex and volatile international and domestic situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) as the core united and led the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, and the main goals and tasks of economic and social development were successfully completed. The "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, and the cause of the Party and the country achieved new major achievements, and Chinese-style modernization took new solid steps. These achievements did not come easily, and the fundamental reason lies in General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) leadership and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.
Han Zheng (韩正) emphasized that this year is the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the first year of the "15th Five-Year Plan". It is necessary to deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," consciously unify thoughts and actions with the Party Central Committee's scientific judgment on the situation, thoroughly implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, strive to achieve the goals and tasks for the whole year, and ensure a good start and a good step for the "15th Five-Year Plan." It is necessary to adhere to hard work, unswervingly do our own things well, and actively respond to external challenges. It is necessary to continue to deepen reform and opening up, enhance the动力和活力 (dònglì hé huólì - "driving force and vitality," impetus and dynamism) of high-quality development, and better coordinate the two overall situations, domestic and international. It is necessary to effectively enhance people's well-being, adhere to the close combination of benefiting the people and promoting consumption, investing in things and investing in people, so that the fruits of development can better benefit all the people. It is necessary to adhere to the main line of promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, plan and do a good job in foreign affairs, and create a good environment and favorable conditions for the construction of Chinese-style modernization.
Han Zheng (韩正) fully affirmed the new achievements made in Shandong's work in various fields, and expressed the hope that Shandong (山东) will conscientiously study and implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech and instructions during his inspection of Shandong (山东), anchor the goal of "walking in the forefront and taking the lead," accelerate the construction of a pilot zone for green, low-carbon, and high-quality development, create a new high ground for high-level opening to the outside world, solidly carry out the study and education of establishing and practicing the correct view of political achievements, and make every effort to do a good job in various tasks of reform, development, and stability, and strive to write a Shandong (山东) chapter of Chinese-style modernization.
Return to TopBy: 铁 娟
"We must put effort into researching new situations and solving new problems to gain experience." On the afternoon of March 5th, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) participated in the deliberation of the Jiangsu (江苏) delegation to the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress, expressing his earnest expectations for the major economic province.
Major economic provinces, with their large size and strong capabilities, naturally bear greater responsibilities and should demonstrate greater commitment.
During last year's "going down to delegations" at the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (两会), General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized that "to successfully achieve the '14th Five-Year Plan' development goals, major economic provinces must shoulder the heavy responsibility."
In the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan," facing a more complex environment and deeper-seated contradictions, how can major provinces address the challenge of shouldering the heavy responsibility?
Anchor on "new" and strive to be a trendsetter.
"Achieve new breakthroughs," "explore new paths," "create new situations," and "achieve new results." When discussing the development of new quality productive forces and promoting high-quality development, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) put forward "four new" requirements for Jiangsu (江苏).
New refers to new concepts, new momentum, and new qualities; it also involves observing new situations, researching new circumstances, and proposing new ideas. For example, to promote the efficient transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, Nanjing (南京), Jiangsu (江苏) innovated its mechanism, using the Purple Mountain Laboratories (紫金山实验室) as a major source of innovation, the Purple Mountain Science and Technology City (紫金山科技城) as an incubator, and the Zijinshan Group (紫金山集团) as a capital pool, accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements at a "cubic" rate.
Developing new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions is the "main task." Actively exploring with innovative thinking is the only way to promote the "advancement" of the overall situation with the "newness" of one region.
Forge "resilience" and serve as a ballast stone.
The main beam is a structural support. "Jiangsu (江苏) must continue to work hard to enhance economic resilience." The stable development base of major economic provinces and their strong ability to withstand external shocks are precisely where our resilience and confidence lie.
"Shouldering the responsibility for food security," Henan (河南) is building high-standard farmland demonstration areas with high quality; in response to changes in the international economic and trade environment, Zhejiang (浙江) promptly introduced "twenty measures to stabilize foreign trade"... The impressive achievements demonstrate the "driving force of major economic provinces for the development of the region and even the whole country."
Doing a good job in the "basic skills" and firmly guarding the "basic foundation" are "required actions." Preventing and resolving various risks with a bottom-line thinking is the only way to protect the "stability" of the overall situation with the "resilience" of one region.
Focus on "breakthrough" and bravely be a leader.
Looking at the overall situation of modernization, the "15th Five-Year Plan" is a critical period. The "low-hanging fruits" have already been picked, and greater impetus is needed for forward development.
The economy is a contribution, and experience is also a contribution. Major economic provinces are at the forefront of reform and opening up and should further research new situations, solve new problems, and be bold in doing and bravely breaking through. Achieving practical results and gaining experience are also "advanced test questions" for the governors of major economic provinces.
Using "taking the lead" to drive "thousands of horses galloping," the horsepower of Chinese-style modernization will be even more surging.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李昌禹 亓玉昆
On the morning of March 5th, the snow-covered Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂) in Beijing (北京) was even more magnificent. More than 2,700 National People's Congress (全国人大) deputies, entrusted by the people, gathered here to discuss national affairs, talk about development, and jointly draw a grand blueprint for the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress.
This year marks the beginning of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, making this meeting highly anticipated.
The atmosphere in the Ten Thousand People Auditorium of the Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂万人大礼堂) was solemn and warm. The national emblem in the center of the backdrop on the rostrum shone brightly against the backdrop of the bright red flag.
As 9 o'clock approached, amidst warm applause, Xi Jinping (习近平) and other Party and state leaders entered the venue and took their seats on the rostrum. At 9 o'clock, the meeting opened, and the entire audience stood up and sang the national anthem.
According to the meeting agenda, Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) delivered a government work report to the congress on behalf of the State Council (国务院).
The year 2025 is an extraordinary year. A series of impressive figures demonstrate the achievements of the past year: a 5% increase in domestic gross product, reaching a total of 140.19 trillion yuan; a 9.4% and 9.2% increase in the added value of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing, respectively; a 28% and 10.9% increase in the production of industrial robots and integrated circuits, respectively; and an annual production of over 16 million new energy vehicles...
The achievements are gratifying, and they have not come easily.
"The Chinese people have the confidence, wisdom, and strength to overcome all difficulties and obstacles!" This sentence in the government work report inspired the deputies.
Over the past year, China's economy has moved forward against pressure, demonstrating strong resilience; over the past year, China's development has moved towards new and better directions, demonstrating vigorous vitality.
"During this Spring Festival, Hainan's (海南) tourism was very popular, and consumption continued to rise, reflecting the strong resilience and great potential of China's economy," said Lin Huan (林桓), associate researcher at the National Key Laboratory for Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea of Hainan University (海南大学南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室). "With the continuous release of opening-up dividends, Hainan (海南) is not only a 'gateway' to the Chinese market, but will also become an active node for global resource allocation."
Xing Jinglong (邢京龙), an employee of the National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Mining Heavy Equipment of CITIC Heavy Industries (中信重工智能矿山重型装备全国重点实验室), who works on the front lines of production and research in special robot enterprises, has a deeper understanding: "The robots we have developed are showing their skills in high-risk scenarios such as mines, emergency response, and power, and China's robot research and application have been at the forefront of the world."
The achievements are inspiring, and the blueprint is encouraging. Standing at the new starting point of the "15th Five-Year Plan," the deputies are full of confidence.
The content of "solidly promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside" in the government work report made Liu Jianming (刘建明), Party Branch Secretary of Tangdi Village (棠棣村), Lizhu Town (漓渚镇), Keqiao District (柯桥区), Shaoxing (绍兴), Zhejiang (浙江), beam with joy: "We must cultivate high value-added agricultural, cultural, and tourism industries to attract more young people to build their dreams in their hometowns and take root in the fertile land."
According to the meeting agenda, the congress will review the draft outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.
The statement on developing and strengthening the private economy in the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan" filled Hu Chengzhong (胡成中), Chairman of the Board of Directors of Delixi Group (德力西集团), with expectations for the future: "With the strength of policies, the precision of the rule of law, and the space for development, our private entrepreneurs have more confidence, more energy to work, and more hope for development."
Entrusted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会), Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会副委员长), made explanations on the draft Ecological Environment Code, the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, and the draft Law on National Development Planning, respectively.
"Compiling the Ecological Environment Code is of far-reaching significance," said Shi Haofei (史浩飞), Vice President of the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院). "With the continuous improvement of the ecological protection system and the continuous improvement of laws, I am more confident in taking the path of green development in the '15th Five-Year Plan'!"
Walking out of the venue, Ge Shuqin (葛树芹), from Yigou Town (宜沟镇), Tangyin County (汤阴县), Anyang (安阳), Henan (河南), felt very excited and deeply responsible. As the Party Branch Secretary of Xiangyangzhuang Village (向阳庄村) and Sanlitun Village (三里屯村), in recent years, she has led the villagers to build an agricultural ecological cycle demonstration park, actively develop the village collective economy, and change the appearance of the village. "The government work report says that we should adhere to grasping output and capacity, production and ecology, and increasing production and income together. Every word speaks to the hearts of us farmers," said Ge Shuqin (葛树芹). "We must implement good policies in the fields, and we must also achieve high-quality development!"
Embarking on a magnificent journey, the deputies are full of pride: As long as we unite as one, work tirelessly, and move forward step by step, the cause of the Party and the country will surely flourish, and the grand blueprint will surely become a beautiful reality.
(Reporters Zhang Wenhao (张文豪), Liu Junguo (刘军国), and Li Junqiang (李君强) participated in the writing)
Return to TopThe "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new and solid steps.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that 2025 was a very extraordinary year. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) was successfully held, outlining a grand blueprint for China's development in the next five years. We solemnly commemorated the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and established Taiwan Retrocession Day, which greatly boosted national spirit, stimulated patriotism, and gathered strength for struggle. Facing profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, the CPC Central Committee (党中央) with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, unswervingly implement the new development concept, promote high-quality development, coordinate the overall domestic and international situations, and smoothly complete the main goals and tasks of economic and social development throughout the year. The "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new and solid steps.
Over the past year, China's economy has moved forward against pressure and demonstrated strong resilience. The economic operation was generally stable and progressing steadily. The gross domestic product increased by 5%, and the total amount reached 140.19 trillion yuan. Employment was generally stable, with 12.67 million new urban jobs created, and the average surveyed urban unemployment rate was 5.2%. Foreign trade grew rapidly, the diversification of exports was obvious, and the balance of payments was basically balanced. People's livelihood security has been strengthened, residents' income has increased in sync with economic growth, the results of poverty alleviation have been consolidated and expanded, the policy of one-year free preschool education has been implemented, benefiting 14 million children, and a comprehensive childcare subsidy system has been implemented, benefiting more than 30 million infants and young children. Grain output reached 1.43 trillion jin. Positive progress has been made in resolving risks in key areas, and the overall social situation has remained stable.
Over the past year, China's development has been new and optimized, demonstrating vigorous vitality. New quality productive forces have developed steadily, scientific and technological innovation has yielded fruitful results, and research and application of artificial intelligence, biomedicine, robotics, quantum technology, etc. are at the forefront of the world. New breakthroughs have been made in the independent research and development of chips, Tianwen-2 (天问二号) has started its "star chasing" journey, the large-scale application of Beidou (北斗) has been fully expanded, the Ya Xia Hydropower Project (雅下水电工程) has started construction, the first domestically-produced electromagnetic catapult aircraft carrier Fujian (福建舰) has been officially commissioned, and domestically-produced large models are leading the global open source ecosystem. The industrial structure has continued to optimize, the added value of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing has increased by 9.4% and 9.2% respectively, the output of industrial robots and integrated circuits has increased by 28% and 10.9% respectively, the annual output of new energy vehicles has exceeded 16 million, and the number of electric vehicle charging facilities has exceeded 20 million. Energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 5.1%, and the quality of the ecological environment continued to improve.
The achievements made in the past year have not been easy. We are facing a complex and severe situation in which external shocks and challenges that have been rare for many years are intertwined with multiple domestic dilemmas. The international economic and trade environment has changed dramatically, unilateralism and protectionism have suddenly escalated, market expectations have been frequently disturbed, and foreign trade has been significantly under pressure. The domestic economy is undergoing profound transformation, deep-seated structural contradictions and problems continue to emerge, and the driving force for consumption and investment growth is insufficient. The CPC Central Committee (党中央) with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core led us to calmly respond and forge ahead courageously. We have carried out economic and trade struggles externally in a reasonable, forceful, and effective manner, firmly safeguarding our country's interests. Five rounds of economic and trade consultations between China and the United States have achieved positive results, and the meeting between the two heads of state in Busan (釜山) has reached important consensus, injecting more stability into economic and trade cooperation. Internally, we have implemented a package of policies, strengthened counter-cyclical adjustments to macroeconomic policies, focused on stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations, and concentrated our efforts on managing our own affairs well. We planned for the worst and strived for the best, not only stabilizing the overall macroeconomic situation and promoting new achievements in high-quality development, but also greatly boosting the morale and confidence of the entire society. In this process, we have further realized that doing a good job in economic work under the new situation requires fully tapping economic potential, adhering to both policy support and reform and innovation, ensuring both "vitalization" and "good management," adhering to the close combination of investment in things and investment in people, and responding to external challenges with hard work. Practice has once again proved that adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee (党中央) is the fundamental guarantee for coping with all difficulties and doing all work well, and the Chinese people have the confidence, wisdom, and strength to overcome all difficulties and obstacles!
Over the past year, we have implemented more proactive and effective macroeconomic policies, focusing on stabilizing economic operations.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have implemented more proactive and effective macroeconomic policies, focusing on stabilizing economic operations.
At the beginning of the year, we made full preparations to cope with complex and volatile situations, and the economy started strongly and had a good start in the first quarter. After the second quarter, in response to new situations in economic operation, especially the impact of the US tariff increase, we gave full play to the role of existing policies and launched a series of new measures to stabilize employment and the economy, which effectively offset the downward pressure on the economy and ensured the realization of the main goals for the year. We implemented a more proactive fiscal policy and a moderately loose monetary policy, expanded the scale of fiscal expenditure, strengthened financial security in key areas, lowered policy interest rates and deposit reserve ratios, and continued to reduce the comprehensive financing costs of society. We stepped up efforts to expand the scope of consumer goods trade-in, driving merchandise sales to exceed 2.6 trillion yuan, and the potential of service consumption such as culture, tourism, and sports accelerated, with total retail sales of consumer goods exceeding 50 trillion yuan. Focusing on expanding effective investment, we strengthened the construction of "two major" projects, accelerated the allocation and use of funds for equipment renewal, investment in equipment purchases increased by 11.8%, and established new policy-based financial instruments to supplement the capital of key projects. We continued to work hard to stabilize the property market, reasonably controlled the supply of new real estate land, reduced restrictive measures according to local conditions, lowered the interest rate on individual housing provident fund loans, and fully completed the "guaranteed delivery" task. We took comprehensive measures to stabilize the stock market, and the capital market rebounded and warmed up, with active trading. We deeply implemented a package of debt resolution plans, orderly replaced the stock of hidden debts of local governments, continued to reduce the number of financing platforms, and continuously optimized the debt structure of local governments. We promoted the risk disposal and transformation and development of local small and medium-sized financial institutions in an integrated manner, the number of high-risk institutions decreased significantly, and the results of risk resolution were obvious.
Over the past year, we have adhered to innovation-driven development and built a modern industrial system.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have adhered to innovation-driven development and built a modern industrial system.
We comprehensively promoted the strategic deployment of building a strong country in science and technology, strengthened the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, improved the regional scientific and technological innovation system, and strengthened the systematic layout in basic frontier areas and the tackling of key core technologies. The intensity of R&D investment in the whole society reached 2.8%, and the transaction volume of technology contracts increased by 10.8%. The integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation has accelerated, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries has continued to deepen, emerging industries and future industries have flourished, and the modern service industry has maintained rapid development. We formulated and revised 583 national standards focusing on key areas. We continued to promote the digital transformation of manufacturing and the "artificial intelligence +" action, industry applications have accelerated, and new intelligent terminals have continued to emerge. The potential of data elements has accelerated, and the proportion of the added value of the core industries of the digital economy in GDP has increased to more than 10.5%.
Over the past year, we have further deepened reform and opening up and unblocked the national economic cycle.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have further deepened reform and opening up and unblocked the national economic cycle.
We solidly implemented the reform deployment of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee (中国共产党). We implemented the guidelines for building a unified national market, issued a new version of the negative list for market access, systematically rectified outstanding problems in bidding and investment promotion, promoted capacity governance in key industries, and the comprehensive rectification of "involution" competition has achieved obvious results. We carried out comprehensive reform pilots for market-based allocation of factors of production. The deepening and upgrading of state-owned enterprise reform has achieved positive results, and measures have been introduced to further promote the development of private investment. We accelerated efforts to clear up arrears owed to enterprises. We orderly promoted autonomous opening up and unilateral opening up, and steadily expanded unilateral visa-free or comprehensive mutual visa-free arrangements. We increased efforts to stabilize foreign trade, and the quantity and quality of imports and exports have steadily increased, with exports increasing by 6.1%. We introduced an action plan to stabilize foreign investment, and the number of newly established foreign-invested enterprises increased by 19.1%. We implemented the free trade zone upgrading strategy, and the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港) started full island customs closure operations. We solidly promoted the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" (一带一路), and the level of pragmatic cooperation in various fields has continued to improve.
Over the past year, we have coordinated the promotion of new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization, and promoted coordinated urban-rural and regional development.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have coordinated the promotion of new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization, and promoted coordinated urban-rural and regional development.
We implemented the deployment of the Central Urban Work Conference, cultivated and developed modern metropolitan areas, strengthened urban planning, construction and governance, continued to implement urban renewal, implemented the policy of citizenization of agricultural transfer population, carried out new urbanization pilots, and the urbanization rate of permanent residents reached 67.9%. We focused on stabilizing area, increasing yield per unit, and resisting disasters, and achieved another bumper harvest of grain. We solidly did a good job in effectively linking the consolidation and expansion of poverty alleviation results with rural revitalization, and the scale of employment of the lifted-out-of-poverty population remained stable at more than 30 million. We increased the implementation of regional strategies, and the level of regional coordinated development continued to improve.
Over the past year, we have effectively grasped the security of people's livelihood and actively developed social undertakings.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have effectively grasped the security of people's livelihood and actively developed social undertakings.
We introduced policies to stabilize employment and support employment, carried out large-scale vocational skills improvement training actions, and maintained stable employment for key groups. We promoted the three-year action plan for building a strong country in education, promoted the adjustment of college disciplines and majors, and strengthened the construction of county-level ordinary high schools. We implemented the medical and health strengthening project. We improved the pediatric and mental health service system, and pediatric services in secondary and tertiary public general hospitals across the country achieved full coverage. We effectively prevented and controlled infectious disease epidemics such as chikungunya. We improved the long-term mechanism for basic medical insurance participation, optimized pharmaceutical centralized procurement measures, launched a catalog of innovative drugs for commercial health insurance, and the long-term care insurance system covered 300 million people. The gradual postponement of the statutory retirement age reform was steadily implemented. The minimum monthly standard for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents was increased by 20 yuan, a personal pension system was implemented nationwide, and a pilot project for pension service consumption subsidies was carried out. We continued to promote the expansion and efficiency of social assistance, strengthened the care for severely disabled people, and improved welfare security measures for children in difficult situations. We increased preferential treatment standards. We developed cultural undertakings and cultural industries, the tourism industry showed vitality, the number of domestic tourists increased by 16.2%, and the number of inbound tourists increased by 17.1%. We successfully held the 9th Asian Winter Games and the 15th National Games, and mass sports events and national fitness activities were vigorously carried out.
Over the past year, we have accelerated the construction of a beautiful China and promoted green and low-carbon development.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have accelerated the construction of a beautiful China and promoted green and low-carbon development.
We solidly carried out actions to improve the quality and efficiency of air pollution prevention and control, and the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities at the prefecture level and above decreased by 4.4%. We continued to strengthen the protection of major rivers and important lakes and reservoirs, and the proportion of sections with excellent surface water quality increased to 91.4%. We launched the construction of pilot zones for a beautiful China. We accelerated the green and low-carbon transformation of key industries. The first batch of "sand, Gobi, and desert" new energy base projects has been basically completed and put into production, the installed capacity of new energy storage has exceeded 130 million kilowatts, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption has reached 21.7%. We announced the national independent contribution target for addressing climate change in 2035, fully demonstrating the responsibility of a major country.
Over the past year, we have continued to strengthen government construction and innovate and improve social governance.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that over the past year, we have continued to strengthen government construction and innovate and improve social governance.
We implemented the Party Central Committee's strategic deployment for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, solidly carried out in-depth study and education on thoroughly implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulation, strengthened Party conduct and clean government construction and the fight against corruption, and vigorously rectified formalism to reduce the burden on the grassroots. We deeply promoted the construction of a government under the rule of law, submitted 13 legal proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation, and formulated and revised 30 administrative regulations. We consciously accepted supervision in accordance with the law. We conscientiously handled proposals and suggestions from deputies to the National People's Congress and proposals from members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. We carried out special actions to regulate administrative law enforcement involving enterprises. We improved the normalized promotion mechanism for key matters of "efficiently handling one matter." We carried out comprehensive inspections to promote high-quality development. We strengthened urban and rural grassroots governance. We did a good job in serving and managing new employment groups. We improved the legalization level of petition work. We continued to promote the three-year action for fundamental improvement of work safety, and the total number of work safety accidents decreased by 8.7%. We effectively responded to natural disasters such as floods, droughts, typhoons, and earthquakes in some areas. We made every effort to safeguard national security and social stability, actively prevented and legally cracked down on various illegal and criminal activities, and made new progress in the construction of a safe China.
In the past year, major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics has achieved new results.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that in the past year, major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics has achieved new results.
President Xi Jinping (习近平) and other Party and state leaders visited many countries and attended major multilateral and bilateral activities such as the China-Central Asia Summit, the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, the BRICS Leaders' Online Summit, and the G20 Leaders' Summit. We successfully held major home diplomacy events such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Tianjin Summit, the Global Women's Summit, and the Fourth Ministerial Meeting of the China-CELAC Forum. We resolutely opposed protectionism and unilateral bullying, firmly upheld multilateralism and open cooperation, firmly defended the achievements of the victory of World War II, put forward global governance initiatives, promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and played a positive and constructive role in addressing global challenges and resolving international and regional hotspot issues. China has made important contributions to promoting world peace and development.
The fundamental reason for the major achievements in the past five years lies in the leadership and steering of the CPC Central Committee (党中央) with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, and in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) said in the government work report on the 5th that 2025 is the closing year of the "14th Five-Year Plan." In the past five years, the CPC Central Committee (党中央) with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to effectively respond to extraordinary shocks and challenges such as the century-long epidemic, promoted new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country, and achieved a good start in the new journey towards the second centenary goal.
The total economic volume has achieved a new leap, with the gross domestic product successively crossing the 110 trillion yuan, 120 trillion yuan, 130 trillion yuan, and 140 trillion yuan thresholds, with an average annual growth of 5.4%, significantly higher than the global average growth rate. New breakthroughs have been made in science and technology and industrial innovation, with an average annual increase of 10% in R&D expenditure for the whole society, 16 high-value invention patents per 10,000 people, breakthroughs in a number of major key core technologies, the scale of manufacturing added value remaining the world's first for 16 consecutive years, and the resilience and security level of industrial and supply chains steadily improving. New steps have been taken in reform and opening up, reforms in key areas have been steadily advanced, the construction of a unified national market has been accelerated, high-level opening up to the outside world has been continuously expanded, all foreign investment access restrictions in the manufacturing sector have been lifted, the status of the largest country in goods trade has been further consolidated, and high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" has been deepened and become more practical. People's well-being has reached a new level, with an average annual increase of 5.4% in per capita disposable income of residents, a cumulative increase of more than 60 million new urban jobs, the task of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively connecting with rural revitalization during the 5-year transition period has been successfully completed, the income growth rate of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas has continued to be higher than the national rural average level, basic old-age insurance has been steadily implemented nationwide, the average years of education for the working-age population has increased to 11.3 years, the average life expectancy has increased to 79.25 years, and the cultural life of the people has become richer and more colorful. New progress has been made in ecological civilization construction, with the proportion of days with excellent air quality in cities at the prefecture level and above increasing to 89.3%, the forest coverage rate increasing to over 25%, becoming the country with the fastest and largest growth in forest resources in the world, and building the world's largest and fastest-growing renewable energy system. New improvements have been made in security保障 capabilities, with significant strengthening of security capabilities in key areas such as food, energy resources, finance, and the internet, maintaining overall social stability, and firmly guarding the bottom line against systemic risks. After arduous struggle and unremitting efforts, the 20 major indicators, 17 major strategic tasks, and 102 major engineering projects determined in the "14th Five-Year Plan" 《Outline》 have been successfully completed.
The fundamental reason for achieving these major achievements lies in the leadership and direction of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and is the result of the united struggle of the entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country.
The supporting conditions and basic trends for China's long-term economic improvement have not changed, and institutional advantages and the advantages of a large country continue to manifest.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that while affirming the achievements, we are also soberly aware of the difficulties and challenges we face.
The impact of external environmental changes has deepened, geopolitical risks continue to rise, the world economy is weak, and multilateralism and free trade have been severely impacted. There are still many old problems and new challenges facing domestic economic development and transformation. Difficulties cannot be ignored, and confidence must be firm. The supporting conditions and basic trends for China's long-term economic improvement have not changed, and institutional advantages and the advantages of a large country continue to manifest. Having experienced the trials and tribulations, our will is stronger and our steps are firmer. As long as we make full use of our advantages and properly respond to challenges, China's development prospects will definitely be more promising!
Main goals, indicators, major strategic tasks, and major engineering projects during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) introduced in the government work report on the 5th that, according to the "Recommendations of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," the State Council has prepared the "Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China (Draft)," which has been submitted to the Congress for review. Here is a brief report on the main goals, indicators, major strategic tasks, and major engineering projects.
(1) Regarding the main goals and indicators
To implement the main goals clarified in the "Recommendations" of the Party Central Committee, the "Outline (Draft)" refines and proposes 20 main indicators. In terms of economic development, 3 indicators are proposed around growth, structure, and efficiency. Among them, comprehensively considering the domestic and international situation and various factors, and taking into account needs and possibilities, it is proposed that the growth of gross domestic product be maintained within a reasonable range, and proposed on a year-by-year basis as appropriate, to lay a good foundation for doubling the per capita gross domestic product by 2035 compared with 2020 and reaching the level of moderately developed countries. In terms of innovation-driven development, 3 indicators are proposed around innovation input and its effectiveness. Among them, fully considering the growth trend of R&D investment and the investment capacity of enterprises, it is proposed that the average annual growth of R&D expenditure for the whole society be more than 7%, which is consistent with the "14th Five-Year Plan" goal, ensuring that the intensity of R&D investment is not reduced. In terms of people's well-being, in order to better solve the urgent and difficult problems of the people, 7 targeted indicators are proposed for employment, income, education, medical care, health, "the elderly and the young," etc. In terms of green and low-carbon development, 5 indicators are proposed around carbon reduction, pollution reduction, and ecological environmental protection. Among them, according to the national independent contribution goals, it is proposed that carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product be cumulatively reduced by 17%, continuing to promote green and low-carbon transformation in key areas. In terms of security保障, 2 indicators are proposed around food and energy production capacity, focusing on consolidating the important foundation for national security.
(2) Regarding major strategic tasks
The "Outline (Draft)" elaborates on the major strategic tasks of development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period by field, highlighting four aspects.
First, highlighting the promotion of high-quality development. Developing new quality productive forces is an inherent requirement of high-quality development. The "Outline (Draft)" emphasizes the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, focusing on consolidating and strengthening the foundation of the real economy, and building a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone. Focusing on high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, strengthening original innovation and tackling key core technologies, deeply promoting the construction of a digital China, and increasing the proportion of the added value of the core digital economy industries to gross domestic product to 12.5%. Focusing on building a beautiful China, continuously and deeply promoting pollution prevention and control and ecosystem optimization, accelerating the formation of green production and lifestyle, and ensuring that the carbon peak target is achieved on schedule.
Second, highlighting the strengthening of the domestic great cycle. In the context of a complex and severe external environment, we must adhere to expanding domestic demand as a strategic base point. The "Outline (Draft)" focuses on enhancing the endogenous动力 and reliability of the domestic great cycle, adhering to the close combination of benefiting the people and promoting consumption, investing in things and investing in people, vigorously boosting consumption, and promoting a significant increase in the consumption rate of residents, and expanding effective investment. Focusing on fully releasing the dividend of China's super-large-scale market, advancing the construction of a unified national market in depth, and breaking down local protectionism and market segmentation. Focusing on enhancing the动力 of high-quality development, fully stimulating the vitality of various business entities, and accelerating the improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of factors of production. Focusing on smoothing the domestic and international dual cycles, coordinating the use of global factors and market resources.
Third, highlighting the promotion of common prosperity for all people. Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all people. The "Outline (Draft)" focuses on building a fertility-friendly society and improving the population service system; running education that satisfies the people and increasing the average years of education for the working-age population to 11.7 years; accelerating the construction of a healthy China and a strong sports country, and increasing the average life expectancy to 80 years; actively responding to population aging and increasing the proportion of nursing beds in elderly care institutions to 73%; promoting high-quality and full employment, improving the income distribution system, and improving the social security system. Focusing on narrowing regional gaps and urban-rural differences, accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, continuously consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation, optimizing the layout of major productive forces, and deeply promoting people-oriented new urbanization. Focusing on promoting the common prosperity of people's spiritual life, promoting and practicing the core socialist values, vigorously prospering cultural undertakings, accelerating the development of cultural industries, and enhancing the communication and influence of Chinese civilization.
Fourth, highlighting the coordination of development and security保障. Security is the prerequisite for development, and development is the保障 of security. The "Outline (Draft)" implements the overall national security观 and proposes a number of tasks and measures focusing on promoting the modernization of the national security system and capabilities. Enhancing the supply保障 capabilities of food, energy resources, etc., with a comprehensive food production capacity of about 1.45 trillion jin and a comprehensive energy production capacity of 5.8 billion tons of standard coal. Coordinating the orderly resolution of risks in real estate, local government debt, and local small and medium-sized financial institutions. Improving the level of public safety governance and effectively maintaining social safety and stability.
(3) Regarding major engineering projects
Around promoting the implementation of the "15th Five-Year Plan" goals and tasks, and taking into account strategic, traction, and continuity considerations, the "Outline (Draft)" proposes 109 major projects in 6 aspects. In terms of leading the development of new quality productive forces, 28 projects are proposed around improving industrial foundation capabilities and competitiveness, cultivating and developing new industries and new tracks, tackling cutting-edge technologies, and improving innovation foundation capabilities. In terms of building a modern infrastructure system, 23 projects are proposed around the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, new energy system, new infrastructure, and opening-up platforms. In terms of promoting urban-rural integrated development, 9 projects are proposed around new urbanization construction and agricultural and rural modernization construction. In terms of保障 and improving people's livelihood, 25 projects are proposed around the prosperous development of socialist culture, the construction of a high-quality education system, the construction of a healthy China, optimizing services for "the elderly and the young," and social care services. In terms of promoting green and low-carbon transformation, 18 projects are proposed around carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, improving environmental quality, and ecological protection and restoration. In terms of security保障 in key areas, 6 projects are proposed around food and energy security. These major projects take into account both the present and the long term, involving both "hard investment" and "soft construction." We will focus on using government investment to drive social forces to participate and better play the important role of major engineering projects in strengthening the foundation, making up for shortcomings, and enhancing stamina.
Looking forward to the future, we are full of confidence. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, and with the united struggle of the whole country, we will definitely be able to turn the grand blueprint of the "15th Five-Year Plan" into a beautiful reality.
Overall requirements for economic and social development this year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that this year is the starting year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." To do a good job in the government's work, it is necessary to be under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly implement the deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee and the Central Economic Work Conference, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, focus on promoting high-quality development, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, coordinate the domestic and international situations, better coordinate development and security, implement more proactive and effective macro policies, enhance the foresight, pertinence, and coordination of policies, continue to expand domestic demand and optimize supply, improve the quality of increments and revitalize the stock, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, advance the construction of a unified national market in depth, continue to prevent and resolve risks in key areas, focus on stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations, promote the effective improvement of the quality and reasonable growth of the economy, maintain social harmony and stability, and achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Main expected goals for development this year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the government work report on the 5th that the main expected goals for development this year are: economic growth of 4.5%-5%, and strive for better results in actual work; the surveyed urban unemployment rate is about 5.5%, and more than 12 million new urban jobs are created; the increase in the consumer price index is about 2%; the growth of residents' income is synchronized with economic growth; the balance of international payments is basically balanced; the grain output is about 1.4 trillion jin; and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product are reduced by about 3.8%.
The main considerations for proposing these expected goals are to leave room for structural adjustment, risk prevention, and reform promotion in the starting year, and to lay a solid foundation for better development in the later period. The economic growth target is generally consistent with the long-term goal of 2035 and basically matches China's long-term economic growth potential. Achieving this goal has favorable conditions, and all regions should combine with their actual conditions and strive for good results through solid work. The surveyed urban unemployment rate of about 5.5% reflects the requirements of adhering to the employment-first policy orientation and increasing efforts to stabilize employment in the context of large total employment and structural pressure. The increase in the consumer price index of about 2% takes into account the guidance of expectations and realistic possibilities. We will promote the overall price level to turn from negative to positive and the consumer price to rise reasonably and moderately by improving the relationship between total supply and demand, so as to promote a virtuous cycle of the economy. The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product by about 3.8% comprehensively considers various needs such as economic and social development, green and low-carbon transformation, and national energy security, which is conducive to the orderly achievement of the carbon peaking target before 2030.
Policy orientation for economic and social development this year
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the government work report on the 5th that we will adhere to seeking progress while maintaining stability, improving quality and efficiency, giving play to the integrated effect of existing and incremental policies, increasing the intensity of counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustments, and effectively improving the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance.
Continue to implement a more proactive fiscal policy. This year's deficit rate is planned to be arranged at about 4%, with a deficit scale of 5.89 trillion yuan, an increase of 230 billion yuan over the previous year. The scale of general public budget expenditure will reach 30 trillion yuan for the first time, an increase of about 1.27 trillion yuan over the previous year. It is planned to issue 1.3 trillion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to continuously support the construction of "two major projects" and "two new projects." It is planned to issue 300 billion yuan of special treasury bonds to support state-owned large commercial banks to replenish capital. It is planned to arrange 4.4 trillion yuan of special bonds for local governments, improve the negative list management and self-review and self-issuance pilot of special bond projects, and focus on supporting the construction of major projects, replacing implicit debts, and digesting government arrears. This year's fiscal expenditure will continue to maintain a considerable scale, and we must continue to work hard to optimize the expenditure structure, pay more attention to supporting boosting consumption, investing in people, and保障 people's livelihood, and improve the efficiency of fiscal funds. The central government will increase the scale of financial transfer payments to local governments, carry out pilot projects for integrating and统筹 the use of transfer payment funds, and enhance the autonomous financial resources and统筹 capabilities of local governments. Consolidate the responsibility of hierarchical保障 entities and safeguard the bottom line of "three guarantees" at the grassroots level. Governments at all levels should better "manage their finances," establish and improve mechanisms for increasing revenue and reducing expenditure, actively revitalize and utilize existing resources and assets, strictly enforce financial discipline, strengthen budget constraints, strictly control general expenditures, resolutely implement the requirements of living a thrifty life, and be sure to use every penny saved to the key points of development and the urgent needs of the people.
Continue to implement a moderately loose monetary policy. Taking the promotion of stable economic growth and a reasonable rebound in prices as an important consideration for monetary policy, flexibly and efficiently use various policy tools such as reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts to maintain ample liquidity and match the growth of social financing scale and money supply with the expected goals of economic growth and the overall price level. Optimize and innovate structural monetary policy tools, appropriately increase the scale, and improve the implementation methods. Smooth the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, give full play to the role of intangible assets such as data elements and intellectual property rights, strengthen support measures such as assessment and evaluation, financing担保, and risk compensation, and guide financial institutions to increase support for key areas such as expanding domestic demand, technological innovation, and small and medium-sized enterprises. Regulate the business behavior of the credit market, reduce intermediate financing costs, and promote the low-level operation of comprehensive social financing costs. Maintain the basic stability of the RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level.
Strengthen the coordination of reform measures and macroeconomic policies. To promote high-quality development, both policy support and reform efforts are needed. It is necessary to use reform methods to clear the blockages in the economic cycle and transform policy effects into endogenous economic growth momentum. Enhance the consistency and effectiveness of macroeconomic policy orientation, incorporate various economic and non-economic policies, existing policies and incremental policies into the consistency assessment of macroeconomic policy orientation, so that various policy measures work in the same direction and form synergy. Strengthen the coordination of fiscal, financial, employment, and industrial policies, deeply explore the combination points of policies, innovate implementation tools, and continuously amplify the "combined punch" effect. Improve the expectation management mechanism and boost social confidence.
Focus on Building a Strong Domestic Market
Premier Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the government work report on the 5th that this year's government work tasks will focus on building a strong domestic market. Adhere to domestic demand as the mainstay, coordinate the promotion of consumption and expansion of investment, expand new space for domestic demand growth, and better leverage China's (中国) super-large market advantages.
Deeply implement special actions to boost consumption. Stimulate residents' endogenous consumption power and promote consumption policies simultaneously to promote sustained consumption growth. Formulate and implement an income increase plan for urban and rural residents, and launch a series of practical measures in promoting income increase for low-income groups, increasing residents' property income, and improving salary and social security systems. Promote the expansion and upgrading of commodity consumption, arrange 250 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support the replacement of old consumer goods, and optimize the policy implementation mechanism. Establish a 100 billion yuan special fund for fiscal and financial coordination to promote domestic demand, and use a combination of loan interest subsidies, financing guarantees, risk compensation and other methods to support the expansion of domestic demand. Expand the scope of support for personal consumption loans and interest subsidies for service industry business entities, increase the upper limit of interest subsidies, and extend the implementation period. Implement the one-time credit repair policy well. Implement service consumption quality improvement and benefit-the-people actions, create a number of new consumption scenarios with a wide driving range and high visibility, and accelerate the cultivation of new consumption growth points. Activate offline consumption and stimulate consumption vitality in the sinking market. Clean up unreasonable restrictions in the consumption field and release consumption potential in the fields of culture, tourism, sports events, and health and wellness. Support qualified localities to promote spring and autumn breaks for primary and secondary schools, and implement the system of paid staggered vacations for employees. Strengthen consumer rights protection. Optimize the inbound consumption environment and create the "Buy in China (中国)" brand.
Fully tap and release effective investment potential. Focus on key areas such as new quality productive forces, new urbanization, and the comprehensive development of people, enhance the growth momentum of effective investment dominated by the market, and increase the proportion of government investment in people's livelihood. This year, it is planned to arrange 755 billion yuan of investment within the central budget, and arrange 800 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bond funds for the construction of "two major projects," and increase the central investment subsidy standards by category. Separately list and increase the quota of local government special bonds for project construction, and continue to tilt towards places with sufficient investment project preparation and good use of funds. Issue 800 billion yuan of new policy-based financial instruments to drive more social capital to participate in investment. Coordinate the use of various government investment funds, support places with a good working foundation to explore the preparation of full-caliber government investment plans, strengthen project fund supervision, and resolutely prevent inefficient and ineffective investment. Implement policies and measures to promote private investment, improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in major project construction, guide private investment to expand into new tracks such as high technology and modern service industries, and effectively stimulate the vitality of private investment.
Accelerate the Cultivation and Growth of New Momentum
Premier Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the government work report on the 5th that this year's government work tasks will accelerate the cultivation and growth of new momentum. Adhere to focusing on the development of the economy on the real economy, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, and build a modern industrial system.
Optimize and upgrade traditional industries. Continue to promote the quality improvement and upgrading of key industries, newly deploy a number of major technological transformation and upgrading projects, and arrange 200 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bond funds to support large-scale equipment updates. Implement a new round of high-quality development actions for key manufacturing industry chains, strengthen industrial base re-creation and major technical equipment breakthroughs, and build a number of national advanced manufacturing clusters. Promote inclusive "cloud use, data empowerment, and intelligence empowerment" services, and continue to increase support for the digital and intelligent transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises. Expand intelligent manufacturing and newly build a number of intelligent factories and smart supply chains. Develop intelligent construction and cultivate a modern construction industry chain. Accelerate the promotion of standard upgrades, strengthen quality supervision and brand building, and support enterprises to provide higher-quality and more distinctive products.
Cultivate and strengthen emerging industries and future industries. Implement industrial innovation projects, encourage central enterprises and state-owned enterprises to take the lead in opening up application scenarios, and build emerging pillar industries such as integrated circuits, aerospace, biomedicine, and low-altitude economy. Establish a mechanism for increasing investment and sharing risks in future industries, and cultivate and develop future energy, quantum technology, embodied intelligence, brain-computer interfaces, 6G and other future industries. Build a mechanism to promote the development and growth of specialized, refined, and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and cultivate unicorn enterprises. Efficiently use the National Venture Capital Guidance Fund, vigorously develop venture capital and angel investment, and government investment funds should take the lead in being patient capital to promote more start-up enterprises to accelerate their growth into technology leading enterprises.
Expand and improve the quality of the service industry. Deepen the pilot of integrated development of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries. Expand the technology service market and promote the value enhancement of software services. Develop productive service industries such as finance, modern logistics, intellectual property, and inspection and testing. Promote the high-quality, diversified, and convenient development of life service industries. Orderly relax access restrictions in the service industry and expand service industry investment in key areas. Improve the national standards for the service industry and cultivate the "China Service (中国服务)" brand.
Create a new form of intelligent economy. Deepen and expand "Artificial Intelligence +", promote the accelerated promotion of new-generation intelligent terminals and intelligent bodies, promote the commercial and large-scale application of artificial intelligence in key industries and fields, and cultivate new intelligent business forms and models. Support the construction of artificial intelligence open source communities and promote the prosperity of the open source ecosystem. Implement new infrastructure projects such as ultra-large-scale intelligent computing clusters and computing-electricity coordination, strengthen the monitoring and scheduling of national integrated computing power, and support the development of public clouds. Accelerate the development of satellite Internet. Create an upgraded version of "5G + Industrial Internet". Deepen the development and utilization of data resources, improve the basic system of data elements, and build high-quality data sets. Improve artificial intelligence governance.
Accelerate High-Level Self-Reliance and Self-Strengthening in Science and Technology
Premier Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the government work report on the 5th that this year's government work tasks will accelerate high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening in science and technology. Seize the historical opportunity of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, comprehensively enhance independent innovation capabilities, and provide scientific and technological support for high-quality development.
Strengthen original innovation and breakthroughs in key core technologies. Give play to the advantages of the new type of national system, promote breakthroughs in key core technologies across the entire chain, organize and implement major science and technology projects well, strengthen the layout of strategic frontier areas, and produce more original achievements. Continue to increase the proportion of investment in basic research and increase long-term and stable support. Coordinate the construction of national strategic science and technology forces, deepen the reform of scientific research institutions, strengthen the overall deployment of national laboratories and major science and technology tasks, and major science and technology infrastructure, and comprehensively strengthen the independent guarantee of scientific and technological infrastructure conditions. Strengthen the popularization of science and technology. Promote the spirit of scientists, deepen the reform of the science and technology evaluation system, and optimize the environment conducive to original and disruptive innovation.
Promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Build international science and technology innovation centers in Beijing (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (北京(京津冀))), Shanghai (Yangtze River Delta (上海(长三角))), and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区), and create world-class sources of scientific and technological innovation. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in innovation, support leading technology enterprises to lead the establishment of innovation consortia, and increase the proportion of undertaking major national science and technology projects. Strengthen the construction of pilot verification platforms, improve the intellectual property protection system in emerging fields, and accelerate the efficient transformation and application of major scientific and technological achievements. Strengthen the full-chain and full-life-cycle financial services for scientific and technological innovation, and implement a "green channel" mechanism for listing and financing, mergers and acquisitions for technology-based enterprises in key core technology fields on a regular basis, and support innovation and creation with technology finance.
Promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Establish and improve a coordinated mechanism for integrated promotion, strengthen planning coordination, policy coordination, resource coordination, and evaluation linkage. Improve the mechanism for adapting talent cultivation to the needs of economic and social development, promote the reform of universities by category, dynamically adjust disciplines and majors, launch a new round of "double first-class" construction, build national interdisciplinary centers, and increase the independent cultivation of top-notch innovative talents. Accelerate the construction of national strategic talent forces, strengthen the introduction and cultivation of top-notch scientific and technological leading talents and young talents, and promote the cultivation of outstanding engineers, master craftsmen, and highly skilled talents. Promote the construction of talent highlands and talent platforms with high standards, and promote the coordinated regional development of talents. Deepen the reform of the talent development system and mechanism, improve the evaluation system oriented to innovation ability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution, smooth the channels for talent exchange, and promote the competitive growth and full display of talents of all kinds.
Continuously Deepen Reform in Key Areas
Premier Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the government work report on the 5th that this year's government work tasks will continuously deepen reform in key areas. Focusing on building a high-level socialist market economic system, strengthen reform and tackle tough problems, deeply remove institutional and mechanism barriers, and enhance the driving force and vitality for high-quality development.
Promote the construction of a unified national market in depth. Formulate regulations for the construction of a unified national market. Improve systems such as statistics, finance and taxation, and assessment, standardize the economic promotion behavior of local governments, issue a list of encouragement and prohibition items for local government investment promotion, and standardize tax incentives and financial subsidy policies. Deepen the reform of the bidding and tendering system and mechanism. Strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition, strengthen the rigid constraints of fair competition review, and comprehensively use capacity regulation, standard leadership, price law enforcement, quality supervision and other means to deeply rectify "involutionary" competition and create a good market ecology. Deepen the pilot of comprehensive reform of factor market allocation and include more qualified regions in the pilot scope. Steadily promote the price reform of public utilities and public services.
Promote the reform of the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems. Increase the coordination of fiscal resources and budgets and increase the proportion of state-owned capital income collection. Strengthen scientific fiscal management, deepen zero-based budget reform, and further expand the pilot scope of central departments. Improve the local tax system and expand local tax sources. Adjust and optimize the scope and tax rate of consumption tax and promote the backward shift of the collection link for some items. Standardize the competitive order of financial institutions and deeply promote the reduction and quality improvement of local small and medium-sized financial institutions. Continuously deepen the comprehensive reform of investment and financing in the capital market, further improve the mechanism for medium and long-term funds to enter the market, improve the investor protection system, expand the exit channels for private equity and venture capital funds, and increase the proportion of direct financing and equity financing.
Fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities. Adhere to and implement the "two unwaverings" (两个毫不动摇). Formulate and implement a plan to further deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, and promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy. Improve the supporting laws and regulations and policies of the Private Economy Promotion Law, and guarantee equal use of production factors, fair participation in market competition, and effective protection of legitimate rights and interests from the legal and institutional level. Improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics. Vigorously promote the spirit of entrepreneurs and promote the healthy growth of the younger generation of entrepreneurs. Promote the win-win development of platform enterprises and operators and laborers within the platform. Provide differentiated and precise assistance to the development of individual industrial and commercial households. Make greater efforts to solve the problem of arrears in enterprise accounts. Continue to create a first-class business environment to better support enterprises to operate with peace of mind and develop with high quality.
Further Expand High-Level Opening to the Outside World
Premier Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the government work report on the 5th that this year's government work tasks will further expand high-level opening to the outside world. Adhere to cooperation and win-win results, steadily expand institutional opening, expand international circulation, and promote reform and development through opening up.
Actively expand autonomous opening. Expand market access and opening fields with the service industry as the focus, further expand the opening pilot in fields such as value-added telecommunications, biotechnology, and wholly foreign-owned hospitals, orderly expand the opening of the digital field, and reduce the negative list of cross-border service trade. Build national comprehensive demonstration zones for expanding the opening of the service industry. Promote the signing of more regional and bilateral trade and investment agreements, and actively promote the process of joining the "Digital Economy Partnership Agreement" and the "Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement". Comprehensively and deeply participate in the reform of the World Trade Organization, and maintain and develop an open world economy. Optimize the layout and scope of free trade pilot zones, enhance the innovation-led development capacity, and steadily promote the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港).
Promote the stability and optimization of the structure of foreign trade. Increase credit and credit insurance support and expand the cross-border use of RMB. Guide enterprises to optimize the global market layout and promote the integrated development of trade and investment and the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade. Cultivate and strengthen new momentum for trade development, promote the expansion and upgrading of the cross-border e-commerce plus overseas warehouse model, standardize and orderly development, strengthen the construction of the international express delivery logistics system, expand intermediate goods trade, develop digital trade and green trade, and improve border trade. Encourage and support service exports. Actively expand imports and promote balanced trade development. Improve the level of cross-border trade facilitation.
Expand two-way investment cooperation. Deepen the reform of the foreign investment promotion system and mechanism, guarantee national treatment for foreign-funded enterprises, implement the new version of the catalog of industries encouraging foreign investment, and promote reinvestment of foreign investment in China and expand localized production. Strengthen service guarantees for foreign-funded enterprises and polish the "Invest in China (投资中国)" brand. Standardize and upgrade various development zones and parks. Guide the reasonable and orderly cross-border layout of industrial chains and supply chains, improve the overseas comprehensive service system, and strengthen the risk prevention and control of foreign investment and the protection of overseas interests.
Jointly build the "Belt and Road" with high quality. Strengthen the strategic alignment with co-construction countries and do a solid and detailed job in "hard connectivity," "soft connectivity," and "heart connectivity." Coordinate the promotion of major landmark projects and "small and beautiful" livelihood projects. Improve the development level of China-Europe and China-Central Asia freight trains and accelerate the construction of the western land-sea corridor. Deeply promote the "Smart Customs" partnership program. Expand pragmatic cooperation in emerging fields so that the results of cooperation can benefit the people of all countries more.
Solidly Promote the Comprehensive Revitalization of Rural Areas
Premier Li Qiang (李强) proposed in the government work report on the 5th that this year's government work tasks will solidly promote the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. Adhere to taking the work of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" as the top priority, deeply study and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" project ( “千万工程”经验), improve the effectiveness of policies to strengthen agriculture, benefit agriculture, and enrich farmers, and further consolidate the agricultural and rural foundation and improve the quality and efficiency of development.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed the task of this year's government work in the government work report on the 5th, to solidly promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. We must adhere to the "three rural issues" as the top priority, deeply study and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" project, improve the effectiveness of policies to strengthen agriculture, benefit agriculture, and enrich farmers, and further consolidate the agricultural and rural foundation and improve the quality and efficiency of development.
We must unremittingly grasp grain production. We must adhere to grasping output capacity, production ecology, increased production and increased income together, and intensify the implementation of a new round of action to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion catties. Stabilize grain and oil production, promote the integrated efficiency of good fields, good seeds, good machines, and good methods, and promote large-scale yield increase, variety improvement, and quality improvement. Consolidate and enhance soybean and oilseed production capacity, and promote the stable production and quality improvement of cotton, sugar, and rubber. Adhere to the simultaneous development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery to increase the supply of diversified food. Strictly abide by the red line of cultivated land, strictly manage the balance between occupation and compensation, promote the construction of high-standard farmland with high quality, and strengthen the protection of black soil and the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. Formulate measures to promote the development of agricultural insurance. Improve the comprehensive agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. Deeply implement the seed industry revitalization action, accelerate the selection, breeding and promotion of breakthrough varieties, promote the research and application of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery and equipment, and open up the "last mile" of agricultural science and technology promotion. Coordinate production, storage and other policies to promote the price of grain and other important agricultural products to remain at a reasonable level, implement inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation in grain producing and marketing areas, and mobilize the enthusiasm of major producing areas and farmers to grow grain. All regions must shoulder their responsibilities and jointly hold the rice bowl of the Chinese people firmly.
Implement normalized and precise assistance. Continue to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, incorporate normalized assistance into the overall implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and firmly hold the bottom line of preventing large-scale return to poverty. Maintain the overall stability of assistance policies. Reasonably determine the identification standards for preventing the return to poverty, do a good job in monitoring and identification, and ensure early detection, early intervention, and early assistance. Improve the effectiveness of development-oriented assistance such as industry and employment, and give play to the role of social assistance in providing basic security. Continue to do a good job in follow-up support for relocation from inhospitable areas. Improve east-west cooperation, fixed-point assistance, stationing in villages for assistance, and consumption assistance. Provide assistance to underdeveloped areas in a hierarchical and classified manner, support key assistance counties for rural revitalization to accelerate development, and enhance endogenous power.
Continue to promote rural reform and development. Comprehensively carry out the second round of pilot projects in the whole province to extend land contracts for another 30 years after the expiration, develop moderate-scale agricultural operations, and improve the modern agricultural operation system and socialized service system. Support the development of new types of rural collective economy. Deepen the reform of collective property rights, collective forest rights, state farms, and supply and marketing cooperatives. Carry out the fourth national agricultural census. Promote the two-way flow of urban and rural factors, deepen the integrated development of agriculture, culture, tourism, etc., cultivate and strengthen rural characteristic industries, improve the level of intensive processing of agricultural products, develop under-forest economy, improve the mechanism for linking farmers and benefiting farmers, and promote the steady increase of farmers' income. Develop and strengthen the rural talent team. Deepen the transformation of rural customs and habits, and improve the level of rural governance and the construction of civilized rural customs. Continue to rectify and improve the rural living environment, and solve problems such as rural toilet renovation and garbage surrounding villages with a nail-driving spirit. Solidly promote comprehensive land consolidation in the whole region. Improve the implementation mechanism of rural construction, accelerate the efforts to make up for the shortcomings of modern rural living conditions, and promote the construction of livable, business-friendly and beautiful villages.
Promote New Urbanization and Coordinated Regional Development
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed the task of this year's government work in the government work report on the 5th, to promote new urbanization and coordinated regional development. Deeply implement the regional coordinated development strategy, the regional major strategy, the main functional area strategy, and the new urbanization strategy to build a regional economic layout and a territorial space system with complementary advantages and high-quality development.
Deeply promote people-oriented new urbanization. Scientifically and orderly promote the urbanization of agricultural transfer population, relax the registration conditions for the high school entrance examination in the inflow areas according to local conditions, and further improve the "people-land-money" linkage policy. Optimize the layout of county infrastructure and the allocation of public resources, develop county characteristic industries, and promote the high-quality development of the county economy. Adhere to the connotative development of cities and optimize the modern urban system. Promote urban renewal with high quality, and steadily implement the renovation of old urban communities and urban villages. Revitalize and utilize existing land and idle housing facilities. Strengthen the safety engineering construction of urban infrastructure lifeline, and improve the fire prevention and rescue capabilities of high-rise buildings. Build innovative industrial communities and business communities, promote the intelligent and refined urban governance, and build modern people's cities.
Continuously enhance the coordination of regional development. Optimize the division of main functional areas and guide various regions to better play their comparative advantages around the positioning of the main functions. Solidly promote the formation of a new pattern of large-scale development in the western region, new breakthroughs in the comprehensive revitalization of the northeast, the accelerated rise of the central region, and the accelerated modernization of the eastern region. Strengthen reform and tackling key problems, policy empowerment, and factor guarantees, and support major economic provinces to take the lead. Support the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (京津冀), the Yangtze River Delta (长三角), and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区) to build world-class city clusters. Promote the construction of Xiong'an New Area (雄安新区) with high standards and high quality. Continue to promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Enhance the development energy level of the Chengdu-Chongqing dual-city economic circle. Promote the accelerated development of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Strengthen the coordination and linkage of key urban agglomerations, improve mechanisms such as planning coordination, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing, implement the national industrial transfer development and upgrading project, and deepen cross-administrative region cooperation. Increase differentiated policy support, deeply promote the action of prospering the border and enriching the people, and promote the revitalization and development of old revolutionary areas, ethnic areas, border areas, and resource-exhausted cities. Strengthen the overall planning of major bays and strengthen and optimize the marine industry.
Guarantee and Improve People's Livelihood with Greater Efforts
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed the task of this year's government work in the government work report on the 5th, to guarantee and improve people's livelihood with greater efforts. Adhere to the people's livelihood as the top priority, strengthen the construction of inclusive, basic, and bottom-line people's livelihood, and strive to do more practical things for the people.
Promote high-quality and full employment. Increase the support of various policies for employment and build an employment-friendly development mode. Continue to implement temporary measures such as stable job return, social security subsidies, and special loans, and further increase the scale of investment in work-for-relief. Implement the action of stabilizing jobs, expanding capacity and improving quality, support labor-intensive industries and enterprises to stabilize jobs, cultivate new occupations and new jobs around the development of emerging industries and future industries, and enhance the ability of the service industry to drive employment. Formulate policies to support the employment of college graduates and other young people, strengthen the assistance to migrant workers in stabilizing their jobs, do a good job in the resettlement and employment services of veterans, strengthen employment assistance to people in difficulty, and introduce policies to support flexible employment personnel and new employment form personnel to participate in employee insurance. Give play to the role of policies such as interest subsidies for entrepreneurial guarantee loans and strengthen entrepreneurial support and guidance. Improve measures to adapt to the development of artificial intelligence technology to promote employment and entrepreneurship. Comprehensively implement the wage payment guarantee system for migrant workers, strengthen the governance of employment discrimination, and resolutely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers. Continue to carry out large-scale vocational skills improvement training, so that more workers have a skill and can better employment and increase income.
Promote education equity and quality improvement. Implement the new era's moral education project, and promote the effective integration of ideological and political classrooms and social classrooms. Adapt to changes in the age structure of the school-age population and promote the structural adjustment of education resource layout. Promote the expansion and quality improvement of basic education, coordinate the balanced development of compulsory education with high quality, the universal development of pre-school education with high quality, improve the free pre-school education policy, and increase the supply of ordinary high school places. Continue to expand the enrollment scale of high-quality undergraduate education. Improve the school-running ability of vocational schools and build distinctive higher vocational colleges. Run special education and specialized education well, improve the public service level of lifelong learning, and guide and regulate the development of private education. Build a high-quality and professional teaching team, strengthen the construction of teacher ethics and style, and strengthen the guarantee of teacher treatment. Strengthen physical education, aesthetic education, labor education and mental health education, improve the collaborative education mechanism of schools, families and society, and promote the physical and mental health and all-round development of students.
Strengthen basic medical and health services. Implement the health-first development strategy, improve the health promotion policy and system, enhance the effectiveness of the patriotic health campaign, and strengthen public health capabilities. Improve the coordinated development and governance mechanism of medical treatment, medical insurance, and medicine, deepen the reform of public hospitals oriented to public welfare, and strengthen the operation guarantee of county and grass-roots medical institutions. Strengthen the construction of weak specialties and comprehensively improve emergency and critical care, blood security and emergency response capabilities. Optimize the functional positioning and layout of medical institutions, strengthen the connection of grass-roots medication, implement family doctor contract services, and promote hierarchical diagnosis and treatment. Promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine and promote the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The per capita financial subsidy standard for residents' medical insurance will be increased by 24 yuan. Improve the multi-level medical security system, steadily promote the provincial-level overall planning of basic medical insurance, optimize the centralized drug procurement and price governance, deepen the reform of medical insurance payment methods, and improve the policy on the use of surplus funds. Resolutely crack down on fraud and insurance fraud. Accelerate the development of commercial health insurance, promote the high-quality development of innovative drugs and medical devices, and better meet the diversified medical and drug needs of the people.
Strengthen social security and services. The minimum monthly standard for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents will be increased by another 20 yuan. Improve and implement the national overall planning system for basic old-age insurance, expand the coverage of unemployment and work-related injury insurance, steadily and orderly promote the expansion of the pilot project for occupational injury protection, and improve the policy for the transfer and continuation of social security relations. Deeply implement the national strategy to actively respond to population aging, expand the supply of inclusive elderly care services, actively develop rural elderly care services, and implement the consumption subsidy project for elderly care services for the moderately or severely disabled elderly. Actively develop elderly human resources, formulate measures to promote the high-quality development of the silver-haired economy, and improve support policies for elderly products, elderly finance, and residential elderly care. Implement the expansion and upgrading project of rehabilitation and nursing care. Promote the long-term care insurance system. Do a good job in caring for and helping the elderly living alone, the disabled and demented, and other groups in difficulty. Advocate a positive view of marriage and childbearing. Strengthen housing security for first-married and first-child families and support multi-child families to improve their housing needs. Improve the maternity insurance system and maternity leave system. Deeply carry out pilot projects for demonstration subsidies for childcare services and develop inclusive childcare and integrated childcare services. Strengthen disability prevention, rehabilitation and care services, and promote the coordinated utilization of elderly care and disability assistance resources. Do a good job in caring for children in difficulty and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. Strengthen service guarantees for military personnel and their families, veterans and other preferential treatment recipients. Establish and improve the basic funeral service system. Do a good job in social assistance in a hierarchical and classified manner and firmly hold the bottom line of people's livelihood.
Better meet the people's spiritual and cultural needs. Lead cultural construction with socialist core values. Develop philosophy and social sciences, and promote the creation of high-quality works in the fields of news and publishing, radio, film and television, literature and art. Strengthen the construction and management of network content, deepen the comprehensive management of the network, and promote the network protection of minors. Implement the action to improve the quality and efficiency of public cultural services, do a good job in the public opening of public libraries, museums, cultural centers, etc., improve the national reading promotion service system, widely carry out mass cultural activities, and prosper the new mass literature and art under the Internet conditions. Develop archival undertakings. Deeply implement the project of inheriting and developing excellent traditional Chinese culture, complete the fourth national cultural relics census, and strengthen the systematic protection, supervision and rational utilization of cultural heritage. Develop the cultural tourism industry with high quality and enrich the integrated formats of culture, tourism, sports and commerce. Encourage more cultural enterprises and excellent cultural products to go to the world and enhance the international communication capabilities of mainstream media. Do a good job in the preparations for the 2026 Asian Games. Accelerate the reshaping of the football youth training system. Actively develop the event economy, the ice and snow economy, and outdoor sports, build and use sports venues and facilities around the masses, and cultivate more characteristic mass sports events and activities.
Accelerate the Comprehensive Green Transformation
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed the task of this year's government work in the government work report on the 5th, to accelerate the comprehensive green transformation. Taking carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as the traction, coordinate the promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth to enhance the momentum of green development.
Strengthen the comprehensive management of the ecological environment. Deeply fight the tough battle to defend the blue sky, clear water, and pure land, formulate and implement an action plan for continuous improvement of air quality, promote the treatment of black and odorous water bodies in county towns and rural areas, and strengthen the risk management and control of polluted plots in key industries. Strengthen the management of new pollutants and implement comprehensive solid waste management actions. Improve the diversified ecological compensation mechanism and expand the channels for realizing the value of ecological products. Strengthen biodiversity protection and implement the ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River. Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass, and sand, implement the integration and optimization of nature reserves, promote the construction of national parks, and solidly promote the tough battle of the "Three-North" project, so that the mountains around the people are greener and the water is clearer.
Vigorously develop a green and low-carbon economy. Improve policies to promote green and low-carbon development, implement actions to improve quality, reduce costs and reduce carbon emissions in key industries, and deeply promote the construction of zero-carbon parks and factories. Establish a national low-carbon transition fund and cultivate new growth points such as hydrogen energy and green fuels. Effectively control high-energy-consuming and high-emission projects, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, and support the innovation and application of green and low-carbon technologies and equipment. Improve the total amount management of resources and the comprehensive conservation system, and strengthen the recycling of renewable resources.
Actively and steadily promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Implement the dual control system of total carbon emissions and intensity, improve the carbon emission statistics and accounting, and carbon footprint management system, and further expand the coverage of the carbon emission trading market. Formulate the outline of the energy power construction plan. Focus on building a new power system, accelerate the construction of smart grids, develop new energy storage, and expand the application of green electricity. Strengthen the clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy.
Strengthen Risk Prevention and Resolution in Key Areas and Security Capability Building
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) proposed the task of this year's government work in the government work report on the 5th, to strengthen risk prevention and resolution in key areas and security capability building. Coordinate risk prevention and promotion of development, further enhance development resilience, resolutely hold the bottom line of security, and promote social harmony and stability.
Focus on stabilizing the real estate market. Implement policies according to the city to control the increase, destock, and optimize the supply, explore multiple channels to revitalize existing commercial housing, and encourage the acquisition of existing commercial housing for affordable housing. Deepen the reform of the housing provident fund system. Optimize the supply of affordable housing and accelerate the renovation of dilapidated and old houses. Orderly promote the construction of safe, comfortable, green and smart "good houses," and implement the housing quality improvement project and the property service quality improvement action. Further give play to the role of the "guaranteed delivery of houses" whitelist system and prevent the risk of debt default. Deeply promote the construction of the basic system and supporting policies for the new model of real estate development.
Actively and orderly resolve the debt risks of local governments. Support all regions to make full use of policies, accelerate the resolution of implicit debt risks, strictly prevent false debt resolution, and resolutely take curbing illegal new implicit debt as an iron discipline. Increase financial and fiscal support, optimize debt restructuring and replacement methods, and resolve the operational debt risks of local government financing platforms through multiple measures, and promote reform and transformation in a classified and orderly manner. Optimize debt monitoring and assessment indicators and build a unified long-term mechanism for government debt management.
Actively and steadily resolve risks in the financial sector. Replenish the risk disposal resources and means of local small and medium-sized financial institutions. Adhere to the principles of marketization and rule of law, and orderly promote the disposal of high-risk institutions. Increase capital replenishment through multiple channels and steadily dispose of non-performing assets of financial institutions. Strengthen financial regulatory coordination and prevent and crack down on illegal financial activities. Strengthen financial risk monitoring, early warning and early correction, and improve the ability to prevent risks at the source.
Safeguard national security and social stability. Comprehensively implement the overall national security concept, improve the national security system, and strengthen the national security capacity building in key areas. Strengthen public safety governance, improve the intrinsic safety level of important infrastructure, continue to consolidate the grassroots foundation for safe production and disaster prevention and mitigation, and comprehensively complete the three-year action for fundamental improvement of safe production. Strengthen monitoring, forecasting, and early warning of meteorological, hydrological, geological disasters, forest and grassland fires, and earthquakes. Accelerate the efforts to address the shortcomings in flood control, drainage, and disaster relief infrastructure and emergency response in northern regions. Accelerate the construction of a modern water network. Improve the catastrophic insurance security system. Strictly supervise the safety of food, drugs, key industrial products, and special equipment. Improve the social governance system, guide and support the healthy development of social organizations, humanitarian assistance, volunteer services, and public welfare charities, and promote the reform and development of industry associations and chambers of commerce. Adhere to and develop the "Fengqiao Experience" (枫桥经验) in the new era, promote the standardized construction of comprehensive management centers, improve community governance, and promote the prevention and diversified resolution of conflicts and disputes. Strengthen social psychological counseling. Deepen the legalization of petition work and focus on resolving petition issues. Deepen the overall prevention and control system and capacity building of social security, improve the normalized mechanism for combating organized crime, increase the prevention and crackdown on telecommunications network fraud, drug crimes, and other activities, and build a safer China at a higher level.
Firmly establish and practice the correct view of political achievements, and adhere to creating political achievements for the people and achieving political achievements through hard work.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that the new situation and tasks have put forward higher requirements for the government's work. Governments at all levels and their staff should deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments" (两个确立), strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses" (四个意识), strengthen the "Four Confidences" (四个自信), and achieve the "Two Safeguards" (两个维护), and consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core in terms of thought, politics, and action. Resolutely shoulder the political responsibility of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, consolidate and expand the learning and education results of thoroughly implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulation (中央八项规定), strengthen the regulation and supervision of power allocation and operation, promote the building of Party conduct and integrity and the anti-corruption struggle in the government in depth, and deepen the rectification of unhealthy tendencies and corruption problems around the masses. Firmly establish and practice the correct view of political achievements, adhere to creating political achievements for the people and achieving political achievements through hard work, and consciously act in accordance with the laws.
Deeply promote administration according to law, and strictly perform duties in accordance with the Constitution and laws.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that we must strengthen the construction of a government under the rule of law, deeply promote administration according to law, and strictly perform our duties in accordance with the Constitution and laws.
Consciously accept the supervision of the people's congresses and their standing committees at the same level, consciously accept the democratic supervision of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (人民政协), and consciously accept social and public opinion supervision. Improve the quality and effectiveness of audit supervision. Adhere to scientific, democratic, and law-based decision-making. Solidly do a good job in government affairs disclosure and strengthen policy publicity and interpretation. Support trade unions, the Communist Youth League (共青团), women's federations, and other mass organizations to better play their roles. Deepen the reform of public institutions. Improve the long-term mechanism for regulating administrative law enforcement involving enterprises. Taking "efficiently handling one matter" as the traction, continuously optimize government services and accelerate the construction of digital government. Focus on improving administrative efficiency, settle down to implement, earnestly solve problems, and improve the execution and penetration of the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments. Governments at all levels must establish a sense of the overall situation, accurately grasp their position in the overall national development, and be good at combining national strategies, market demands, and regional advantages to explore new models of high-quality development in accordance with local conditions. Improve the differentiated assessment and evaluation system, continue to deepen the rectification of formalism to reduce the burden on the grassroots, so that the majority of cadres can concentrate on implementing and doing practical things. Create a good political environment, talent environment, business environment, and public opinion environment, and gather a strong joint force for promoting high-quality development in the whole society.
Ethnic, religious, and overseas Chinese affairs.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that we must take the consolidation of the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the main line, actively promote extensive exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups, accelerate the modernization of ethnic areas, and promote the construction of the Chinese national community. Adhere to the Party's basic policy on religious work, adhere to the direction of Sinicization of religion in our country, and strengthen the legalization of religious affairs governance. Comprehensively implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese and returned overseas Chinese relatives, and better gather the hearts and strengths of overseas Chinese.
Modernization of national defense and the armed forces.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council stated in the government work report on the 5th that in the past year, new achievements have been made in the modernization of national defense and the armed forces. In the new year, we must thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) thinking on strengthening the military, implement the military strategic policy for the new era, adhere to the Party's absolute leadership over the people's army, comprehensively and thoroughly implement the chairman responsibility system of the Central Military Commission (中央军事委员会), take political building of the army as the lead, continue to deepen political rectification, and continue to fight well in the battle to achieve the centenary goal of army building. Solidly promote military training and preparation, accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities, and improve the strategic ability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests. Grasp the preparation of the "15th Five-Year Plan" for army building, implement major national defense development projects, and implement the modernization advancement project of military theory. Work together to promote cross-military and local reforms, optimize the national defense science and technology industry system and layout, and consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities. Accelerate the construction of national defense mobilization capabilities and deepen national defense education for all people. Governments at all levels should vigorously support the construction of national defense and the armed forces, deeply carry out the "double support" (双拥) work, and consolidate the unity between the government, the army, and the people.
Work on Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council stated in the government work report on the 5th that we must unswervingly implement the principles of "one country, two systems" (一国两制), "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong" (港人治港), "Macao people governing Macao" (澳人治澳), and a high degree of autonomy, implement the principle of "patriots governing Hong Kong" (爱国者治港) and "patriots governing Macao" (爱国者治澳), enhance the effectiveness of Hong Kong and Macao's governance in accordance with the law, and promote the economic and social development of Hong Kong and Macao. Support Hong Kong and Macao to better integrate into and serve the overall national development, give full play to Hong Kong and Macao's unique advantages and important roles of relying on the motherland and connecting with the world, and promote the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao.
We must thoroughly implement the Party's overall strategy for resolving the Taiwan issue in the new era, adhere to the one-China principle and the "1992 Consensus" ("九二共识"), resolutely combat the "Taiwan independence" separatist forces, oppose interference by external forces, promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, and advance the great cause of national reunification. Deepen cross-strait exchanges, cooperation, and integrated development, jointly inherit and promote Chinese culture, implement policies that allow Taiwan compatriots to enjoy the same treatment, enhance the well-being of compatriots on both sides of the strait, and jointly create a great cause of national rejuvenation.
Diplomatic work.
Premier Li Qiang (李强) of the State Council pointed out in the government work report on the 5th that we must adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace, adhere to the path of peaceful development, expand the global partnership network, resolutely oppose hegemonism and power politics, and safeguard international fairness and justice. China is willing to work with the international community to advocate an equal and orderly world multipolarization and a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, promote the implementation of the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, actively participate in the reform and construction of the global governance system, promote the development of the international order in a more just and reasonable direction, and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind and create a better future for world peace and development.
Li Qiang (李强) emphasized that the blueprint has been drawn, and it is the right time to forge ahead. We must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guide, unite as one, forge ahead, strive to achieve the goals and tasks of economic and social development for the whole year, ensure a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan," and unremittingly strive to comprehensively promote the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization!
(Xinhua News Agency (新华社), Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th. Leading comrades of the CPC Central Committee, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会), the State Council (国务院), and other organizations, participated in the deliberation of the government work report with delegates from relevant delegations to the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress (十四届全国人大四次会议) on the 5th.
The leading comrades who participated in the deliberations with the delegations included: Wang Yi (王毅), Yin Li (尹力), Shi Taifeng (石泰峰), Liu Guozhong (刘国中), Li Ganjie (李干杰), Li Shulei (李书磊), Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), He Lifeng (何立峰), Zhang Guoqing (张国清), Chen Wenqing (陈文清), Chen Jining (陈吉宁), Chen Min'er (陈敏尔), Yuan Jiajun (袁家军), Huang Kunming (黄坤明), Liu Jinguo (刘金国), Wang Xiaohong (王小洪), Wang Dongming (王东明), Xiao Jie (肖捷), Zheng Jianbang (郑建邦), Ding Zhongli (丁仲礼), Cai Dafeng (蔡达峰), He Wei (何维), Wu Weihua (武维华), Tie Ning (铁凝), Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), Shohrat Zakir (雪克来提·扎克尔), Wu Zhenglong (吴政隆),谌贻琴, Zhang Jun (张军), Ying Yong (应勇), and others.
Wang Yi (王毅), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Guangxi delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. In the past year, facing the severe challenges brought about by the domestic and international situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, successfully completing the main goals of economic and social development and achieving a successful conclusion to the "14th Five-Year Plan." The fundamental reason for these achievements lies in the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The foreign affairs front will profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, better coordinate the two major situations at home and abroad, better coordinate development and security, and create a favorable external environment and provide solid strategic support for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." We will continue to strengthen our support for Guangxi's foreign affairs work and help Guangxi achieve high-quality development.
Yin Li (尹力), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Beijing delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." Over the past five years, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to forge ahead, effectively respond to various risks and challenges, and accomplish many major tasks. China's economic and social development has achieved new historical achievements, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps. The most fundamental reason for these achievements lies in the leadership of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. On the new journey, Beijing will firmly support the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech during his inspection of Beijing, fully implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, base itself on Beijing's urban strategic positioning and the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, coordinate high-quality development and high-level security, promote various tasks to be at the forefront of the country, and continuously create a new situation in the modernization of the capital.
Shi Taifeng (石泰峰), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hunan delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." The development process of our country during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period was extremely unusual and the achievements were extremely extraordinary. Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, which is fundamentally due to the leadership of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," unswervingly promote comprehensive and strict Party governance, adhere to and strengthen the Party's overall leadership, especially the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, solidly carry out study and education to establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, take the opportunity of the reshuffle of local leading bodies to strengthen leading bodies and cadre teams at all levels, coordinate and promote the construction of grassroots Party organizations in various fields, accelerate the cultivation and aggregation of outstanding talents in all aspects, and provide a strong organizational guarantee for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Liu Guozhong (刘国中), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council (国务院), said while participating in the deliberation of the Henan delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." The past year has been very extraordinary. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, our country has achieved great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention and satisfied the people. Practice has once again proved that the "Two Establishes" are the greatest certainty, the greatest confidence, and the greatest guarantee for responding to all uncertainties. We must resolutely implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, maintain strategic focus, solidly promote high-quality development, and achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must focus on the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, deeply study and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" project, unremittingly grasp grain production, continuously consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, and solidly promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. We must focus on the construction of a healthy China, strengthen basic medical and health services, deepen the reform of public hospitals, and strengthen medical insurance services and fund supervision.
Li Ganjie (李干杰), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Shaanxi delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. The achievements made in the past year were extremely hard-won. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, with a broad pattern of vision, far-reaching strategic consideration, a strong sense of historical responsibility, and a clear people-centered position, taking into account the internal and external, the points and the surface, the quality and quantity, the stability and progress, led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and move forward, handing over a wonderful answer sheet for development towards the new and the better, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps. Practice has once again shown that firmly supporting the "Two Establishes" and resolutely achieving the "Two Safeguards" are the greatest confidence and foundation for doing all work well. The first year of the "15th Five-Year Plan" is of great significance and the tasks are arduous. The United Front system must accurately grasp the political requirements and political role of United Front work, base itself on reality, take the lead in action, unite and struggle together under the overall situation, and ensure that the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee are implemented effectively with a correct view of political achievements.
Li Shulei (李书磊), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Jiangxi delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps. In the past year, China's economy has moved forward against pressure and developed towards the new and the better, the people's living standards have continued to improve, and the confidence in promoting high-quality development has become more firm. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," deepen the study and publicity of the Party's innovative theories, and better unify thinking, unify will, and unify action. We must prosper and develop socialist culture, stimulate cultural innovation and creativity, deepen the systematic transformation of mainstream media, and create a good atmosphere for a good start and a good step for the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (全国人大常委会), said while participating in the deliberation of the Gansu delegation that under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country have overcome difficulties and worked hard, the "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, fully demonstrating the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes" for the development of the Party and the country in the new era and for advancing the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," achieve the "Two Safeguards," fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, fully and deeply understand and grasp the strategic deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, adhere to, utilize, and develop the Party's leadership as the greatest advantage, establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, adhere to achieving political achievements for the people and achieving political achievements through hard work, and implement the Party Central Committee's various decisions and deployments without compromise to ensure the realization of a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
He Lifeng (何立峰), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council (国务院), said while participating in the deliberation of the Inner Mongolia delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." The past year and the five years of the "14th Five-Year Plan" have been extremely unusual and extremely extraordinary. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to calmly respond to various shocks and challenges, overcome numerous difficulties, successfully complete the main goals and tasks of the year, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, and the cause of the Party and the country has achieved new major achievements. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," implement the goals and tasks determined by the Party Central Committee with the spirit of **钉钉子** (dīng dīng zi - "nailing nails," to do something with perseverance and precision), and strive to achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." Inner Mongolia must thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech and the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, conscientiously and solidly carry out study and education to establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, and promote the development of various undertakings to a new level.
Zhang Guoqing (张国清), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council (国务院), said while participating in the deliberation of the Tibet delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." In the past year, we have responded to the uncertainty of the international environment with the certainty of high-quality development. China's economy has moved forward against pressure and developed towards the new and the better, the "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, which is fundamentally due to the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee with practical actions, and strive to achieve political achievements for the people and achieve political achievements through hard work. We must fully implement the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the new era, continue to deeply grasp the four major tasks of stability, development, ecology, and strengthening the border, and strive to write a Tibetan chapter of Chinese-style modernization.
Chen Wenqing (陈文清), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission, said while participating in the deliberation of the Heilongjiang delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. In the past year, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) has led us to continue to write a new chapter in the two major miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability. Coordinating development and security, cracking down on prominent illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law, strengthening the investigation and resolution of contradictions and disputes, the total number of criminal cases, homicides, and letters and visits have all reached the lowest level in this century, and the people's sense of security has remained above 98% for six consecutive years. Safe China is universally recognized. The Central Conference on Overall Law-Based Governance was held, and General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) made important instructions. The blueprint for a rule-of-law China has been drawn. Practice has proved that the "Two Establishes" are the most significant political achievements made by the Party in the new era. The political and legal front must firmly support the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, promote the construction of a safe China and a rule-of-law China, and provide a solid guarantee for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Chen Jining (陈吉宁), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Shanghai delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." In the past year, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, and the main goals and tasks of economic and social development for the whole year were successfully completed, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, gathering the powerful force to promote Chinese-style modernization. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards." We must take advantage of the momentum, make full efforts, transform and upgrade, overcome difficulties and make breakthroughs, continue to deepen the construction of the "Five Centers," deeply implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, accelerate the cultivation and development of new quality productive forces, deepen high-level reform and opening up, solidly promote the construction of people's cities, ensure a good start and a good step for the "15th Five-Year Plan," and better shoulder the heavy responsibility and make contributions to the country.
Chen Min'er (陈敏尔), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Tianjin Municipal Party Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Tianjin delegation that he agreed with the government work report. 2025 was very extraordinary, and the achievements were hard-won, which is fundamentally due to the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must connect the past year with the past five years and with the major achievements made since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech during his inspection of Tianjin, fully implement the report's deployment, take the promotion of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as a strategic traction, better coordinate regional integration and the integration of Beijing and Tianjin, boost consumption and expand investment, technological innovation and industrial innovation, deepen reform and expand opening up, create high-quality life and guarantee basic people's livelihood, development and security, strive to complete the annual goals and tasks, and strive to achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Yuan Jiajun (袁家军), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Party Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Chongqing delegation that the government work report made by Premier Li Qiang (李强) was inspiring, morale-boosting, and inspiring, fully demonstrating the great achievements, surging vitality, and broad prospects of China's development. It is a good report that holds high the banner, seeks truth and pragmatism, and gathers consensus. I fully agree. The draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan" is a pragmatic, progressive, strategically clear, and people-oriented action program, which will greatly gather social consensus, strengthen confidence in all sectors, and widely unite forces to promote Chinese-style modernization to the end with a blueprint. Chongqing must fully implement the spirit of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (两会), focus on consolidating the "two major positions" and playing the "three roles," continue to create landmark achievements with "Western leadership, national advancement, and Chongqing recognition," strive to hand in a high-score report for the first year of the "15th Five-Year Plan," strive to write a Chongqing chapter of Chinese-style modernization, and continuously improve the ability and contribution to serve the overall national situation with one region.
Huang Kunming (黄坤明), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Guangdong delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." Looking at five years from one year, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to successfully conclude the "14th Five-Year Plan" and scientifically plan the "15th Five-Year Plan," stimulating economic potential in high-quality development, opening up new prospects for the development of undertakings in daring to fight and being good at fighting, and bursting out with new atmospheres of the Party, the country, and the people in internal and external forging. Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, and the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes" has been further demonstrated. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) personally inspected Guangdong last year, hoping that Guangdong would be at the forefront, set an example, and shoulder the heavy responsibility. We must conscientiously implement the deployments of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平), the Party Central Committee, and the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (两会), focus on achieving the mission of being at the forefront, unswervingly shoulder the heavy responsibility, comprehensively promote the construction of a strong province, and ensure a good start and a good step for the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Liu Jinguo (刘金国), Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, and Director of the National Supervisory Commission, said while participating in the deliberation of the Ningxia delegation that the government work report fully implemented the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平). It is a good report that seeks truth and pragmatism, pioneers and innovates, and inspires people to forge ahead. The draft outline of the plan conforms to the general trend of development, gathers consensus from all parties, and has clear tasks and detailed content. I fully agree. Looking back at the journey of struggle during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and looking at the current international situation of intertwined changes and chaos, we can more profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes." The Discipline Inspection Commission and the Supervisory Commission must focus on the overall situation, assume responsibility, and provide a strong guarantee for achieving the goals and tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period with new achievements in rectifying conduct, enforcing discipline, and combating corruption.
Wang Xiaohong (王小洪), Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and State Councilor, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hebei delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. In the past year and during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, and the cause of the Party and the country has achieved new major achievements, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps. Practice has once again proved that the "Two Establishes" are the fundamental political guarantee for promoting Chinese-style modernization and continuing to write a new chapter in the two major miracles in the new era and on the new journey. We must firmly support the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, better coordinate development and security, and work hard to strengthen the national security system and capacity building, ensure national economic security, improve the level of public safety governance, and improve the social governance system, effectively prevent and resolve various risks, and create a safe and stable political and social environment for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
中共中央 Secretariat Secretary and State Councilor Wang Xiaohong (王小洪) said while participating in the deliberation of the Hebei (河北) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. In the past year and during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, achieving new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country, and taking new solid steps in Chinese-style modernization. Practice has once again proven that the "Two Establishes" are the fundamental political guarantee for advancing Chinese-style modernization and continuing to write new chapters of the two miracles in the new era and on the new journey. We must firmly support the "Two Establishes" and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," establish and practice a correct view of performance, better coordinate development and security, make practical efforts around strengthening the national security system and capacity building, ensuring national economic security, improving public safety governance, and improving the social governance system, effectively prevent and resolve various risks, and create a safe and stable political and social environment for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Wang Dongming (王东明), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and Chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (中华全国总工会), said while participating in the deliberation of the Shanxi (山西) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. In the past year, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to forge ahead and overcome difficulties, promoting new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country, and taking new solid steps in Chinese-style modernization. To do a good job this year, we must unify our thoughts and actions with the Party Central Committee's analysis and judgment of the situation and the major decisions and deployments made, work hard and do practical work, and make positive contributions to a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." Trade unions at all levels must firmly support the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," unite and guide hundreds of millions of workers to unswervingly listen to the Party and follow the Party, and give full play to the role of hundreds of millions of workers as the main force. We must conscientiously fulfill the basic responsibilities of safeguarding rights and providing services, help workers solve problems and difficulties, and continuously enhance the sense of gain, happiness, and security of the broad masses of workers.
Xiao Jie (肖捷), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hubei (湖北) delegation that Premier Li Qiang's (李强) government work report reviewed and summarized the main government work in 2025 and the major achievements made during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, elaborated on the main goals and major tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, and proposed the overall requirements, policy orientations, and key tasks for economic and social development in 2026. He agreed with the report. In the past year, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and strive hard, successfully completing the main goals and tasks of economic and social development for the whole year, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion. This year is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must thoroughly implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, earnestly do all kinds of work well, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, promote high-quality development, further comprehensively deepen reform and expand opening up, improve people's well-being, prevent and resolve risks in key areas, maintain social harmony and stability, and ensure a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Zheng Jianbang (郑建邦), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Shandong (山东) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." In the past year, facing the complex and volatile international situation and the arduous and heavy tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, promoting new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country, the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization took solid steps. This year is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must promote the coordinated efforts of people's livelihood consumption, service consumption, and productive consumption to consolidate the foundation for domestic demand growth; further eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation, strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition supervision, and promote the construction of a unified national market in depth; and based on the resource endowments and industrial foundations of various regions, adhere to technological innovation to lead industrial innovation, and accelerate the cultivation and growth of emerging industries and future industries.
Ding Zhongli (丁仲礼), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Jilin (吉林) delegation that in 2025, facing the profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the State Council and its constituent departments unswervingly implemented the new development concept, promoted high-quality development, focused on stabilizing economic operation, adhered to innovation-driven development, further deepened reform and opening up, promoted coordinated urban-rural development, effectively improved people's well-being, focused on protecting the ecological environment, continuously strengthened government construction, maintained social harmony and stability, achieved new achievements in major-country diplomacy, and successfully completed the main goals and tasks for the whole year, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion. Premier Li Qiang's (李强) government work report, which plans the main goals and major tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan," is both down-to-earth and full of ambition, and the deployment of this year's government work is clear in its goals and prominent in its priorities, drawing a new blueprint for successfully completing the annual economic and social development goals and ensuring a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." I fully agree.
Cai Dafeng (蔡达峰), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Anhui (安徽) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. Since the implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan," the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the entire Party and the people of the whole country to focus on promoting high-quality development. The economy has moved forward against pressure, moving towards new and better directions. The overall social situation has remained stable, the "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, new progress has been made in reform and opening up, and Chinese-style modernization has taken solid steps. 2026 is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must fully, deeply, and accurately understand and grasp the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, attach great importance to the requirements and role of social development in economic development, and promote coordinated economic and social development. We must fully mobilize the enthusiasm of business entities and work together to stabilize employment, stabilize enterprises, stabilize the market, and stabilize expectations, creating a good situation for coordinated development. We must adhere to a people-centered approach, focus on improving people's livelihoods, promote social development, and better reflect the effectiveness of coordinated economic and social development.
He Wei (何维), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hunan (湖南) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report made by Premier Li Qiang (李强). In 2025, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and strive hard, and the main goals and tasks of economic and social development were successfully completed, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion. China's economy has moved forward against pressure, demonstrating strong resilience; the development mode has moved towards new and better directions, demonstrating vigorous vitality. The report focuses on stabilizing growth, promoting development, and benefiting people's livelihoods, anchoring reasonable growth targets, highlighting domestic demand dominance and innovation-driven, not only based on the present to solve development problems, but also looking forward to planning the "15th Five-Year Plan" blueprint, the policy orientation is clear, the work deployment is solid, pointing out the direction for the whole year's work, and also laying a solid foundation for a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." Practice has proved that resolutely achieving the "Two Safeguards" is the most important political guarantee for ensuring that the cause of the Party and the country overcomes difficulties and constantly wins victories, and it is also the greatest institutional advantage and political advantage of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Wu Weihua (武维华), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hainan (海南) delegation that 2025 was very extraordinary. Facing the profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and strive hard, coordinating the two major situations at home and abroad, promoting the national economy to move forward against pressure and towards new and better directions, the comprehensive national strength reached a new level, the development of new quality productive forces achieved remarkable results, people's livelihood security continued to be strengthened, the overall social situation remained stable, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion. The achievements were hard-won, and the fundamental reason lies in the leadership and guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The government work report holds high the banner, seeks truth and is pragmatic, and inspires people. I fully agree. In 2026, we must follow the "15th Five-Year Plan" blueprint drawn by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, gather broad consensus, grasp the implementation, and strive to lay a good foundation and start well in the opening year, and strive to write a new chapter in high-quality development.
Tie Ning (铁凝), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hubei (湖北) delegation that the government work report and the draft outline of the plan profoundly reflect the rich contemporary value and historical significance of the "Two Integrations" in our Party's governance of the country, and I fully agree. The development process of the past year has been extremely extraordinary, and the achievements have been extremely hard-won. The fundamental reason lies in the leadership and guidance of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This year is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must firmly support the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," adhere to and temper our original aspirations and missions, establish and practice a correct view of performance, closely focus on the central tasks of the Party and the country, and in particular, strengthen the tracking and analysis of the situation and research and judgment on coordinating the development and security of artificial intelligence and promoting the coordinated development of population and economy and society, and solidly implement the medium- and long-term goals and tasks into the annual work deployment, and be pragmatic and determined and forge ahead on the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Tibet (西藏) delegation that the government work report runs through Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, has a high standing, seeks truth and is pragmatic, and is inspiring. In particular, the accelerated progress of the Yaxia Hydropower Station (雅下水电), the Sichuan-Tibet Railway (川藏铁路) and other century-old projects concerning the long-term peace and stability and high-quality development of Tibet (西藏) is full of the deep concern of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core for the people of all ethnic groups in ethnic areas. I fully agree and resolutely support it. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for Tibet (西藏) to lay the foundation and fully exert its strength to basically realize socialist modernization together with the whole country. We must firmly support the "Two Establishes" and achieve the "Two Safeguards," fully implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions on Tibet (西藏) work and the Party's strategy for governing Tibet (治藏) in the new era, firmly establish and practice a correct view of performance, closely focus on the main line of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of a community for the Chinese nation, focus on the "four major tasks" and take responsibility, and strive to write a new chapter in the practice of Chinese-style modernization in Tibet (西藏).
Shoukrat Zakir (雪克来提·扎克尔), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Xinjiang (新疆) delegation that the government work report summarized the achievements objectively and specifically, and the deployment of work was scientific and reasonable. He fully agreed. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," facing the profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has taken overall control and overcome difficulties, unswervingly doing its own thing well. China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength, and international influence have reached a new level. The fundamental reason for these achievements lies in General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) steering and leadership and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," fully implement the Party Central Committee's major decisions and deployments, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, closely focus on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of a community for the Chinese nation, earnestly do all kinds of work in Xinjiang (新疆) well, and strive to achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
State Councilor and Secretary-General of the State Council Wu Zhenglong (吴政隆) said while participating in the deliberation of the Heilongjiang (黑龙江) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." In the past year, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core effectively coordinated domestic economic work and international economic and trade struggles, coordinated development and security, promoted the economy to move forward against pressure and towards new and better development, achieved a successful conclusion to the "14th Five-Year Plan," and Chinese-style modernization took new solid steps. Practice has fully proved that the "Two Establishes" are our greatest certainty, greatest confidence, and greatest guarantee for overcoming all difficulties and obstacles and responding to all uncertainties. We must effectively unify our thoughts and actions with the Party Central Committee's scientific judgment and decision-making and deployment of the situation, concentrate our efforts on doing our own thing well, strive to achieve the annual economic and social development goals and tasks, ensure a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan," and firmly support the "Two Establishes" and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards" with practical work and achievements.
State Councilor Shen Yiqin (谌贻琴) said while participating in the deliberation of the Guangdong (广东) delegation that she fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." In the past five years, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to effectively respond to shocks and challenges, and promoted new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) led us to calmly respond to major-country games, and the external struggle demonstrated the ambition, backbone, and confidence of the Chinese people; he concentrated on enhancing the strength of a major country, promoting the effective improvement of the quality and the reasonable growth of the quantity of the economy; he fully tapped the economic potential, offsetting the uncertainty of the international cycle with the stability of the domestic cycle; and he powerfully demonstrated the responsibility of a major country, injecting rare stability and certainty into the world. We must more deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes" and more firmly and consciously achieve the "Two Safeguards." To implement the government work report, we must take stabilizing employment as the top priority, continue to boost cultural tourism and sports consumption, and resolutely safeguard the bottom line of people's livelihoods.
Zhang Jun (张军), President of the Supreme People's Court, said while participating in the deliberation of the Henan (河南) delegation that the "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, and the construction of Chinese-style modernization has a "unique scenery here," once again demonstrating the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes." The government work report closely focuses on the goals and tasks of the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan," responds to the people's expectations around the needs of development, and reflects the strategic determination to take one step at a time. The "15th Five-Year Plan" outline draws a blueprint to the end, demonstrating institutional advantages and firm institutional confidence. I fully agree with the government work report and the draft outline. The people's courts will take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as a guide, thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's Thought on the Rule of Law, implement the Ecological Environment Code, establish and practice a correct view of performance, strictly and impartially administer justice, do a solid job in resolving disputes, and serve and guarantee the implementation of tasks such as building a strong domestic market, accelerating high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, and expanding high-level opening up, so as to provide strong judicial guarantees for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Ying Yong (应勇), Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, said while participating in the deliberation of the Anhui (安徽) delegation that the government work report adheres to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as a guide, plans current development and anchors long-term goals, is based on domestic realities and grasps international trends, and reflects the orderly connection between the "year of conclusion" and the "year of opening." It is a good report that holds high the banner, seeks truth and is pragmatic, unites people's hearts, and inspires people. In 2025, under the leadership and guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, China's economy moved forward against pressure and towards new and better development, the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization took new solid steps. The "Two Establishes" and the "Two Safeguards" are the greatest certainty for the Party and the country to cope with all uncertainties. The procuratorial organs must closely focus on the central tasks and primary tasks of the Party and the country to perform their duties and responsibilities, fulfill their responsibilities as national legal supervision organs, and provide strong judicial guarantees for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th (Reporter Mei Changwei) – The delegation of the People's Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force held group deliberations on the government work report on the afternoon of March 5th. Zhang Shengmin (张升民), National People's Congress representative and Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, participated in the group deliberations. The representatives believe that this meeting is an important meeting convened at the beginning of the "15th Five-Year Plan," and is of great significance for doing a good job in this year and even the next five years, and for consolidating the foundation and accumulating strength for basically realizing socialist modernization. The government work report deliberated at the meeting thoroughly implements Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, implements the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, and makes plans and arrangements around promoting Chinese-style modernization. It is a good report that holds high the banner, opens up new paths to strength, and unites and strives for progress.
Zhang Shengmin (张升民) pointed out that in the past year, the "14th Five-Year Plan" was successfully concluded, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new and solid steps, fully proving that the "two affirmations" are the most important political achievements, the most valuable historical experience, and the most objective practical conclusions of the new era. This year is a crucial year for winning the tough battle to achieve the centenary goal of the army. The entire army must unswervingly use Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to strengthen its soul, thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) thinking on strengthening the military, implement the chairman responsibility system of the Central Military Commission, deepen political rectification, rectify conduct and fight corruption, and continuously consolidate the political foundation of loyalty to the core and resolutely obeying Chairman Xi's (习主席) command. It is necessary to comprehensively strengthen military training and preparation for war, strengthen actual combat training, resolutely and flexibly carry out military struggles, and resolutely safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests. It is necessary to focus on promoting high-quality development, accelerate the integration of system combat capabilities, strengthen the construction and application of new domain and new quality combat forces, increase the efforts of military governance, and strive to achieve a good start for the "15th Five-Year Plan" for national defense and military construction.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th. Leading comrades of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) participated in discussions with members from relevant sectors of the 14th National Committee of the CPPCC on the 5th.
The leading comrades who participated in the discussions in relevant sectors included: Hu Chunhua (胡春华), Shen Yueyue (沈跃跃), Wang Yong (王勇), Ho Hau Wah (何厚铧), Bater (巴特尔), Su Hui (苏辉), Jiang Zuojun (蒋作君), He Baoxiang (何报翔), and others.
Hu Chunhua (胡春华), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC, said while participating in the group discussion of members from the China National Democratic Construction Association, that he fully agreed with the government work report and the work report of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC. In the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, especially in the past year, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the cause of the Party and the country has achieved great accomplishments. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards," adhere to the Party's comprehensive leadership over the CPPCC, give full play to the role of specialized consultative bodies, and gather people's hearts, consensus, wisdom, and strength for promoting Chinese-style modernization.
Shen Yueyue (沈跃跃), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC, said while participating in the group discussion of members from the Environmental Resources sector, that in 2025, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core calmly responded, met challenges head-on, the economy moved forward against pressure, development moved towards new and better directions, people's livelihood was strongly guaranteed, and the overall social situation was stable. The "14th Five-Year Plan" concluded successfully, and the cause of the Party and the country achieved major accomplishments. We must strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards," use Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to strengthen our minds and souls, adhere to the organic combination of the Party's leadership, the united front, and consultative democracy, closely focus on the implementation of the "15th Five-Year Plan" to offer advice and suggestions, and gather people's hearts and unite in struggle for promoting Chinese-style modernization.
Wang Yong (王勇), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC, said while participating in the group discussion of members from the Economic sector, that since the "14th Five-Year Plan," the development of the cause of the Party and the country has achieved major accomplishments. The process has been extremely unusual, and the achievements are inspiring. The most fundamental reason is that General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) is at the helm and that Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era provides scientific guidance. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards" with practical actions, give full play to the role of specialized consultative bodies, focus on the major strategic goals and tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan" to fulfill our duties, and widely gather people's hearts, consensus, wisdom, and strength for promoting Chinese-style modernization.
Ho Hau Wah (何厚铧), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC, said while participating in the group discussion of members from the specially invited Macao sector, that the CPPCC members from Macao should thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, closely focus on the implementation of the national "15th Five-Year Plan" to offer advice and suggestions, give full play to Macao's function of connecting domestically and internationally, actively participate in the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the development of the Hengqin Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone, better integrate into and serve the overall national development, and promote the moderately diversified development of Macao's economy. We must firmly support improving administrative leadership, help the government of the Special Administrative Region improve its governance effectiveness, participate in patriotic education for young people, and promote Macao's long-term prosperity and stability.
Bater (巴特尔), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC, said while participating in the group discussion of members from the ethnic minority sector, that since the "14th Five-Year Plan," the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the entire Party and the people of the whole country to effectively respond to world changes and extraordinary shocks and challenges, and promoted new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," always adhere to the Party's comprehensive leadership, give play to the role of the CPPCC as a specialized consultative body, and widely gather people's hearts and strength for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must take the lead in implementing the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress and continuously promote the construction of the Chinese national community.
Su Hui (苏辉), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC, said while participating in the group discussion of members from the Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League, that the government work report and the work report of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC comprehensively implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, conscientiously implement the deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, and fully demonstrate the new historical achievements made in China's development under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core. Important deployments have been made for promoting the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and advancing the great cause of the reunification of the motherland. The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League should implement the spirit of the National People's Congress (NPC) and CPPCC, implement the overall strategy of the Party in the new era for resolving the Taiwan issue, actively offer advice, help promote the integrated development of both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and work together to forge ahead on the new journey of the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Jiang Zuojun (蒋作君), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC, said while participating in the group discussion of members from the China Zhi Gong Party, that the work report of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC runs through Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, is insightful and concise, and is a good report that seeks truth and promotes unity. I fully agree with it. 2026 is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," give full play to the unique advantages of the China Zhi Gong Party, actively offer advice and suggestions for a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan," continue to do a good job in the "grand overseas Chinese affairs," dedicate ourselves to public service and follow the Party, serve the country with overseas Chinese affairs, and make new contributions to building a socialist modern country on the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
He Baoxiang (何报翔), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC, said while participating in the group discussion of members from the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, that in the past year, the National Committee of the CPPCC has thoroughly studied and implemented Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, closely focused on the central tasks of the Party and the country to perform its duties, and achieved fruitful results in various tasks. This year is a crucial year for the "15th Five-Year Plan" to set sail. The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang should take serving the central work of the Party and the country as the main line of its duties, form high-quality research results and consultative speeches, and contribute more wisdom and strength to promoting the high-quality development of the CPPCC cause and achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Return to TopThe Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030) for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), is compiled in accordance with the "Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development." It mainly clarifies national strategic intentions, defines the government's work priorities, and guides and regulates the behavior of social entities. It is a grand blueprint for China to comprehensively build a modern socialist country during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period and a common program of action for people of all ethnic groups across the country.
Striving to Create a New Situation in the Construction of Chinese-style Modernization
The "15th Five-Year Plan" period holds an important position in the process of basically realizing socialist modernization, serving as a crucial period for consolidating the foundation and comprehensively exerting efforts. We must make unremitting efforts and continue to struggle, promoting major breakthroughs in strategic tasks concerning the overall situation of Chinese-style modernization, and laying a more solid foundation for basically realizing socialist modernization.
Standing at a new starting point, China's development foundation is more solid, the development environment has undergone profound and complex changes, and we face new opportunities and challenges.
China's development has made significant achievements during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. The "14th Five-Year Plan" period was the starting stage of a new journey to comprehensively build a modern socialist country. China's development process was extremely unusual and extraordinary. Facing a complex and volatile international situation and arduous domestic reform, development, and stability tasks, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead. We withstood the severe impact of the century-long pandemic, effectively responded to a series of major risks and challenges, and promoted new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country.
The guiding role of the new development concept has been fully demonstrated, significant progress has been made in building a new development pattern, new quality productive forces have steadily developed, and high-quality development has been steadily advanced. The main goals and tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan" have been successfully completed. China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached a new level. Chinese-style modernization has taken new and solid steps, and a good start has been achieved in the new journey towards the second centenary goal. The fundamental reason for these major achievements lies in the leadership and guidance of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and in the concerted efforts and unity of the entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country.
China's development environment faces profound and complex changes during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. Relations between major countries affect the international situation, and changes in the international situation profoundly affect domestic development. China's development is in a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing.
Changes contain opportunities, and challenges inspire fighting spirit. Facing the volatile international situation and various risks and challenges, we must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards," maintain strategic focus, enhance the confidence to win, actively recognize changes, respond to changes, and seek changes, dare to fight and be good at fighting, and be brave in facing major tests of high winds and waves or even stormy seas. With a proactive spirit, we will overcome difficulties, fight risks, and meet challenges, concentrate our efforts on doing our own things well, coordinate the overall layout, make careful arrangements, consolidate and expand advantages, break through bottlenecks and constraints, strengthen weaknesses and shortcomings, win strategic initiative in fierce international competition, and respond to various uncertainties with the certainty of high-quality development, continuing to write new chapters in the two major miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability.
To promote economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, we must firmly grasp the following guiding ideology and major principles.
Guiding Ideology: Adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Important Thought of "Three Represents," and the Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, conscientiously implement the deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session, focus on comprehensively building a strong socialist modern country and realizing the second centenary goal, comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, coordinate and promote the "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan," coordinate and promote the "Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy," coordinate the domestic and international situations, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, adhere to economic construction as the center, take promoting high-quality development as the theme, take reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, take meeting the people's growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, and take comprehensively strengthening Party discipline as the fundamental guarantee, promote the effective improvement of economic quality and the reasonable growth of quantity, promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people to take solid steps, and ensure that decisive progress is made in basically realizing socialist modernization.
Principles to be followed: Adhere to the Party's overall leadership, adhere to the people-centered approach, adhere to high-quality development, adhere to comprehensively deepening reform, adhere to the combination of an effective market and an active government, and adhere to coordinating development and security.
The following goals should be achieved for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period: significant achievements should be made in high-quality development, the level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement should be greatly improved, new breakthroughs should be made in further comprehensively deepening reform, the level of social civilization should be significantly improved, the quality of people's lives should be continuously improved, new major progress should be made in building a beautiful China, and the national security barrier should be more consolidated.
On this basis, after another five years of hard work, by 2035, China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, comprehensive national strength, and international influence will have greatly increased, per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, people's lives will be happier and better, and socialist modernization will be basically realized.
Building a Modern Industrial System and Consolidating and Strengthening the Foundation of the Real Economy
Adhere to focusing on the real economy as the focus of economic development, adhere to the direction of intelligence, greening, and integration, accelerate the construction of a manufacturing powerhouse, a quality powerhouse, an aerospace powerhouse, a transportation powerhouse, and a cyber powerhouse, maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, and build a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone.
Optimize and upgrade traditional industries. Strengthen the guidance of national standards, the empowerment of digital and green technologies, and the constraints of environmental protection and safety systems to consolidate and enhance China's position and competitiveness in the global division of labor. Promote the quality and upgrading of key industries. Enhance the level of independent control of the industrial chain. Improve the mechanism for promoting the healthy and orderly development of industries.
Cultivate and strengthen emerging industries and future industries. Strengthen the supply of original technologies, accelerate the construction of application scenarios and ecosystems, cultivate more pillar and leading industries, and build new advantages in industrial development. Develop and strengthen emerging industries. Proactively plan for future industries. Improve the ecosystem for industrial innovation and development.
Promote the high-quality and efficient development of the service industry. Implement the service industry expansion and quality improvement action, deepen the reform and opening up of the service sector, improve the supporting policy system, comprehensively improve the quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of the service industry, and better leverage the role of the service industry in supporting industrial upgrading, meeting people's needs, and driving employment expansion. Promote the extension of productive service industries towards specialization and the high end of the value chain. Promote the high-quality, diversified, and convenient development of consumer service industries. Improve the policy system for the development of the service industry.
Build a modern infrastructure system. Adhere to moderate advance planning without excessive advance planning, strengthen the overall planning of infrastructure, optimize the layout structure, promote integration, and enhance safety resilience and operational sustainability. Improve the modern comprehensive transportation system. Increase efforts to build new energy infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of a modern water network. Moderately advance the construction of new infrastructure.
Accelerating High-Level Self-Reliance and Self-Strengthening in Science and Technology and Leading the Development of New Quality Productive Forces
Seize the historical opportunities of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, coordinate the construction of a strong country in education, a strong country in science and technology, and a strong country in talent, enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, comprehensively enhance independent innovation capabilities, seize the commanding heights of scientific and technological development, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and continuously generate new quality productive forces.
Strengthen original innovation and tackle key core technologies. Adhere to the combination of technology-driven and demand-driven, the combination of strengthening advantages and making up for shortcomings, improve the new national system, and promote the output of more iconic original achievements. Fight the battle to tackle key core technologies. Strengthen the scientific and technological layout in strategic frontier areas. Comprehensively improve the level of basic research.
Improve the capability of systematic innovation. Coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, improve the efficiency of innovation resource allocation, and build an independent, complete, open, and efficient national innovation system. Enhance the leading role of national strategic scientific and technological forces. Strengthen the guarantee of scientific and technological innovation resources. Build a new pattern of high-level scientific and technological opening up and cooperation.
Strengthen the main position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. Implement the main position of enterprises in technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization, and achievement transformation and application, and promote the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain. Promote the concentration of innovation resources in enterprises. Strengthen the integration of industry, academia, and research led by enterprises. Improve the policy system to promote enterprise innovation.
Promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Deepen the integrated reform of education, science and technology, and talent, strengthen planning coherence, policy coordination, resource integration, and evaluation linkage, and promote the virtuous interaction between independent scientific and technological innovation and independent talent cultivation. Establish and improve a coordinated mechanism for integrated promotion. Coordinate and promote the cultivation of innovative talents. Jointly promote the innovation of incentive and evaluation mechanisms.
Deeply Promoting the Construction of Digital China and Enhancing the Level of Digital and Intelligent Development
Grasp the general trend of digital, networked, and intelligent development, give full play to China's advantages in abundant data resources, complete industrial system, and broad application scenarios, activate the potential of data elements, accelerate the innovation of digital and intelligent technologies, deepen and expand "Artificial Intelligence +," empower economic and social development and governance capabilities, and promote the deep-seated transformation of production methods and the revolutionary leap of productive forces.
Strengthen the efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, and data. Coordinate the construction of computing power facilities, the development of model algorithms, and the supply of high-quality data resources to consolidate the foundation for digital and intelligent development. Strengthen the support of computing power facilities. Promote the iterative innovation of model algorithms. Deepen the development and utilization of data resources.
Promote the empowerment of digital and intelligent technologies in all directions. Comprehensively implement the "Artificial Intelligence +" action, strengthen the combination of artificial intelligence and scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, cultural construction, people's livelihood security, and social governance, seize the commanding heights of artificial intelligence industrial applications, and empower all industries in all directions. Promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy. Create a better digital and intelligent life. Improve the level of digital and intelligent government governance.
Create a healthy and orderly development ecosystem. Adhere to the integration of promoting development and regulating management, strengthen the construction of basic data system rules and artificial intelligence governance, and create a beneficial, safe, and fair development environment. Improve the basic system of data elements. Improve the scientific and effective supervision mechanism. Expand international cooperation in the digital and intelligent field.
Building a Strong Domestic Market and Accelerating the Construction of a New Development Pattern
Adhere to expanding domestic demand as a strategic base point, adhere to the close combination of benefiting people's livelihood and promoting consumption, investing in things and investing in people, lead new supply with new demand, create new demand with new supply, promote the virtuous interaction between consumption and investment, supply and demand, achieve a higher level of dynamic balance between supply and demand, and enhance the endogenous power and reliability of the domestic grand cycle.
Vigorously boost consumption. Deeply implement special actions to boost consumption, enhance residents' consumption capacity, improve consumption willingness, adapt to the consumption needs of different groups to expand high-quality supply, and promote the rapid growth of commodity and service consumption in the whole society. Consolidate the foundation of residents' consumption. Release the potential of service consumption. Promote the expansion and upgrading of commodity consumption. Continuously improve the consumption environment.
Expand effective investment. Accelerate the construction of an endogenous growth mechanism for effective investment, maintain reasonable investment growth, improve the comprehensive benefits of investment, and better leverage the role of investment in supporting national strategies, optimizing supply structure, and meeting people's livelihood needs. Improve the efficiency of government investment. Stimulate the vitality of private investment. Promote the virtuous cycle of investment and consumption.
Deeply promote the construction of a unified national market. Resolutely eliminate the obstacles and blockages that hinder the construction of a unified national market, eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation, and promote the smooth flow of commodity factor resources in a wider range. Improve the basic system rules of the unified national market. Maintain a fair competitive market order. Promote the high-standard connection of market facilities.
Accelerating the Construction of a High-Level Socialist Market Economy System and Enhancing the Driving Force for High-Quality Development
Adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, better leverage the leading role of economic system reform, build a high-standard market system, enhance the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance, promote the optimal allocation of resources and the maximization of benefits, stimulate the endogenous power and innovation vitality of the whole society, and ensure that high-quality development is stable and far-reaching.
Fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities. Adhere to and implement the "Two Unwavering" policy, and promote the complementary advantages and common development of various ownership economies. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises. Develop and strengthen the private economy. Actively create a first-class business environment.
Accelerate the improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of factors. Deepen the market-oriented reform of factors, smooth the channels for the orderly flow of factors, coordinate the optimization of increments and the revitalization of stocks, and promote the efficient allocation of various factor resources. Improve the factor market system and rules. Improve the price formation mechanism of resource factors. Revitalize and utilize existing resources.
Improve the macroeconomic governance system. Improve the level of macroeconomic regulation and government governance, and promote the formation of more economic development models dominated by domestic demand, driven by consumption, and driven by endogenous growth. Improve the macroeconomic regulation and control system. Improve the modern fiscal system. Accelerate the construction of a financial powerhouse.
Expanding High-Level Opening Up to the Outside World and Creating a New Situation of Cooperation and Win-Win
Adhere to opening up and cooperation, mutual benefit and win-win, steadily expand institutional opening up, build a new system of a higher-level open economy, promote the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road" initiative, expand international circulation, promote reform and development through opening up, advocate an equal and orderly world multi-polarization and inclusive economic globalization, and share opportunities and common development with countries around the world.
Actively expand autonomous opening up. Expand opening up by aligning with international high-standard economic and trade rules, promote the interconnection and compatibility of domestic and international rules, regulations, management, and standards, and create a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment. Orderly expand the areas and regions of opening up. Build a system of institutions and supervision that is linked to high-standard economic and trade rules. Optimize the regional opening layout.
Improve the quality and level of trade and investment cooperation. Strengthen the coordination of imports and exports, the equal emphasis on goods and services, coordinate the attraction of foreign investment and overseas investment, and shape new advantages in international trade and two-way investment cooperation. Promote the innovative development of trade. Attract and utilize foreign investment with greater efforts. Promote international industrial and investment cooperation.
Build the "Belt and Road" with high quality. Adhere to the guiding principles of joint consultation, joint construction, and sharing, openness, greenness, integrity, high standards, benefiting people's livelihood, and sustainability, improve the mechanism for promoting the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road," and deepen the "hard connectivity" of infrastructure, the "soft connectivity" of rules and standards, and the "heart connectivity" of the people of the co-construction countries. Deepen the alignment of development strategies. Improve the three-dimensional interconnection network layout. Comprehensively improve the quality and effectiveness of pragmatic cooperation.
Promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind. Implement the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, actively promote major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, and make Chinese contributions to building a community with a shared future for mankind. Actively participate in and lead global economic governance. Promote the construction of a new type of international relations. Provide more international public goods.
Accelerating the Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas and Solidly Promoting the Comprehensive Revitalization of Rural Areas
Adhere to giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, adhere to the integrated development of urban and rural areas, improve the long-term mechanism for promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, vigorously develop modern agriculture, promote the basic conditions for modern life in rural areas, continue to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, narrow the gap between urban and rural development, and accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country.
Improve the comprehensive production capacity and quality benefits of agriculture. Adhere to grasping output capacity, production ecology, increasing production and increasing income together, promote the connection between production and demand, structural optimization, and quality improvement, and improve agricultural labor productivity and the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress. Strengthen the supply guarantee of grain and other important agricultural products. Strengthen the support of agricultural science and technology and equipment. Build a diversified food supply system.
Enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and quality efficiency. Adhere to simultaneously focusing on yield and capacity, production and ecology, and increased production and income, promote the connection between production and demand, structural optimization, and quality improvement, and improve agricultural labor productivity and the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress. Strengthen the supply guarantee of important agricultural products such as grain. Strengthen agricultural science and technology and equipment support. Build a diversified food supply system.
Promote the construction of livable, business-friendly, and beautiful countryside. Learn from and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" Project (千万工程), promote rural revitalization in a categorized and orderly manner and in a regionalized manner, implement rural construction actions in depth, and gradually improve the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of the living environment. Create high-quality rural living spaces. Develop county-level industries that enrich the people. Strengthen and improve rural governance.
Improve the effectiveness of policies that strengthen agriculture, benefit agriculture, and enrich farmers. Improve the system and mechanism and policy system for giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, promote the two-way flow of urban and rural factors, and enhance the vitality of agricultural and rural development. Strengthen investment guarantees for agriculture and rural areas. Deepen the reform of agriculture and rural areas. Improve the normalized assistance mechanism.
Optimize the Regional Economic Layout and Promote Coordinated Regional Development
Give play to the superimposed effects of regional coordinated development strategies, major regional strategies, major function-oriented zoning strategies, and new urbanization strategies, coordinate the in-depth implementation of strategies within regions and the coordinated development between regions, optimize the layout of major productive forces, give play to the role of growth poles in key regions, and build a regional economic layout and territorial space system with complementary advantages and high-quality development.
Enhance the coordination of regional development. Adhere to the consistent implementation of regional development strategies, adapt measures to local conditions and implement policies by region and category, encourage all regions to give play to their comparative advantages and strengths, promote coordinated development between the east, central, west, south, and north, and promote relative balance in development. Enhance the level of coordinated development in the east, central, west, and northeast regions. Consolidate and enhance the role of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀), Yangtze River Delta (长三角), and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区) as sources of power. Promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Support the revitalization and development of special types of regions.
Promote regional linkage development. Based on cross-regional and cross-basin major channels, with the linkage development of urban agglomerations as the carrier, and with the synergy of systems and mechanisms as the guarantee, promote mutual integration, mutual promotion, and mutual benefit and win-win between regions, and expand the space for the domestic grand cycle. Improve the layout of regional linkage development. Improve the cross-regional cooperation mechanism.
Optimize the development pattern of territorial space. Adhere to adapting to water where water is suitable, adapting to mountains where mountains are suitable, adapting to grain where grain is suitable, adapting to agriculture where agriculture is suitable, adapting to industry where industry is suitable, and adapting to commerce where commerce is suitable, improve the system of major function-oriented zoning, improve the pertinence and accuracy of policies, and promote the formation of a spatial development pattern with effective constraints on major functions and orderly territorial development. Strengthen the implementation of major function-oriented zoning strategies. Optimize territorial space control. Strengthen the coordinated governance of territorial space.
Deeply promote people-oriented new urbanization. Continuously improve the quality of urbanization, promote the comprehensive integration of agricultural transfer populations into cities, optimize the urban scale structure, promote the connotative development of cities, and promote the coordinated development and intensive and compact layout of large, medium, and small cities and small towns. Promote the urbanization of agricultural transfer populations in a scientific and orderly manner. Cultivate and develop modern metropolitan areas. Build modern people's cities. Promote urbanization construction with county towns as important carriers in a categorized manner.
Strengthen marine development, utilization, and protection. Adhere to the overall planning of land and sea, improve the ability to manage the sea, accelerate the construction of a maritime power, and embark on a path of strengthening the country through the sea with Chinese characteristics. Promote the high-quality development of the marine economy. Protect the marine ecological environment. Safeguard national maritime rights and interests.
Stimulate the Cultural Innovation and Creativity of the Whole Nation and Prosper and Develop Socialist Culture
Adhere to the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, be rooted in the broad and profound Chinese civilization, conform to the development trend of information technology, develop a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics that has strong ideological leadership, spiritual cohesion, value appeal, and international influence, and solidly promote the construction of a strong cultural country.
Promote and practice socialist core values. Lead cultural construction with socialist core values, develop and strengthen mainstream values, mainstream public opinion, and mainstream culture, and continuously build Chinese spirit, Chinese values, and Chinese strength. Promote the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education. Improve the level of social civilization. Strengthen the construction of online civilization.
Vigorously promote cultural undertakings. Improve the public cultural service system, strengthen the protection, inheritance, and utilization of excellent traditional culture, and enable the people to enjoy a higher quality of cultural life. Prosper cultural creation and production. Improve the level of public cultural services. Strengthen the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage.
Accelerate the development of the cultural industry. Improve the cultural management system and production and operation mechanism, implement active cultural and economic policies, vigorously develop the cultural tourism industry, and empower economic and social development with culture. Improve the cultural industry system and market system. Promote the deep integration of culture and tourism.
Enhance the communication and influence of Chinese civilization. Accelerate the construction of a Chinese discourse and Chinese narrative system, enhance the effectiveness of international communication, strengthen foreign cultural exchanges and cooperation, and show a credible, lovely, and respectable image of China. Build a more effective international communication system. Deepen exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations.
Improve the Population Development Strategy and Promote High-Quality Population Development
Improve the population development strategy with a focus on addressing population aging and declining birth rates, improve the population service system covering the entire population and the entire life cycle, optimize the population structure, improve the quality of the population, and support Chinese-style modernization with high-quality population development.
Build a fertility-friendly society. Optimize fertility support policies and incentive measures, effectively reduce the cost of family fertility, parenting, and education, strive to stabilize the scale of new births, and promote the long-term balanced development of the population. Improve fertility support policies. Improve the childcare service system. Improve family development policies and a fertility-friendly environment.
Run education that the people are satisfied with. Adhere to giving priority to the development of education, implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, deepen the comprehensive reform of education, improve the education resource allocation mechanism adapted to population changes, build a high-quality education system, and cultivate socialist builders and successors who develop morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically, and in terms of labor. Implement the new era of fostering virtue through education project. Promote the expansion and quality improvement of basic education. Promote the quality improvement and expansion of higher education. Improve the school-running ability of vocational schools.
Accelerate the construction of a healthy China. Implement a health-first development strategy, improve the policy and institutional system for health promotion, enhance the effectiveness of the patriotic health campaign, promote the shift from a focus on treating diseases to a focus on health, provide the people with fair, accessible, systematic, and continuous health services, and improve the people's health level. Improve the public health system. Build a high-quality and efficient medical service system. Improve the coordinated development and governance mechanism of medical care, health insurance, and medicine. Promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine. Accelerate the construction of a sports power.
Actively respond to population aging. Deeply implement the national strategy of actively responding to population aging, improve the policy mechanism for the coordinated development of the elderly care cause and industry, and promote the elderly to be supported, to be active, and to be happy. Improve the urban and rural elderly care service network. Create a rich and colorful life for the elderly.
Increase Efforts to Guarantee and Improve People's Livelihood and Solidly Promote Common Prosperity for All the People
Adhere to guaranteeing and improving people's livelihood in high-quality development, adhere to doing our best and acting according to our ability, improve the basic public service system, implement more fair, inclusive, precise, and powerful social policies, strengthen inclusive, basic, and bottom-line livelihood construction, solve the urgent, difficult, and worrying problems of the people, unblock social mobility channels, and improve the quality of people's lives.
Promote high-quality and full employment. Deeply implement the employment-first strategy, adhere to combining expanding employment capacity and improving employment quality, improve the employment promotion mechanism, and build an employment-friendly development mode. Strengthen employment-first policies. Carry out large-scale vocational skills training. Strengthen employment services and the protection of workers' rights and interests.
Improve the income distribution system. Adhere to distribution according to work as the mainstay and the coexistence of multiple distribution methods, improve the institutional system for coordinating and supporting primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution, increase the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in primary distribution. Optimize the primary distribution pattern. Increase the intensity of income distribution regulation. Steadily expand the scale of the middle-income group.
Improve the social security system. Focus on strengthening the security of key groups and enhancing the sustainability of the system, improve a multi-level social security system that covers the entire population, integrates urban and rural areas, is fair and unified, safe and standardized, and sustainable. Steadily improve the level of social security. Enhance the sustainability of the social insurance system. Improve the social assistance system.
Promote the high-quality development of the real estate industry. Accelerate the construction of a new model for real estate development, improve the housing system with multiple suppliers, multiple channels of security, and simultaneous renting and purchasing, and achieve a higher level of housing for all. Improve the housing security system. Promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.
Steadily promote the equalization of basic public services. Enhance the balance and accessibility of basic public services, and promote more obvious and substantial progress in the equalization of basic public services. Establish a system for the equalization of basic public services. Comprehensively promote the provision of basic public services in the place of permanent residence.
Protect the development rights and interests of various groups. Improve the care and service system, create a social environment that effectively guarantees the development rights and interests of women, minors, young people, and people with disabilities, and improve the service and security level of veterans. Promote gender equality and the comprehensive development of women. Strengthen the care and protection of minors. Support youth development. Strengthen the service and security of veterans. Enhance the security and development capabilities of people with disabilities.
Accelerate the Comprehensive Green Transformation of Economic and Social Development and Build a Beautiful China
Firmly establish and practice the concept that green waters and green mountains are invaluable assets, take carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as the traction, take the improvement of the ecological civilization system as the guarantee, coordinate the promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, improve the quality of the ecological environment, consolidate the ecological security barrier, and enhance the driving force of green development.
Actively and steadily promote and achieve carbon peaking. Coordinate development and emission reduction, solidly carry out carbon peaking actions, accelerate the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure, energy structure, transportation structure, etc., and ensure the realization of the carbon peaking goal as scheduled. Comprehensively implement the dual control system of total carbon emissions and intensity. Promote energy conservation and carbon reduction in key areas. Enhance the ability to cope with global climate change.
Continuously improve environmental quality. Adhere to environmental protection for the people, comprehensively implement precise, scientific, and law-based pollution control, pay more attention to source governance, strengthen the coordination of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, the coordination of multi-pollutant control, and the coordination of regional governance, and accelerate the transformation of environmental quality improvement from quantitative change to qualitative change. Deeply fight the blue sky, clear water, and pure land defense battles. Strengthen environmental risk prevention and control. Improve the modern environmental governance system.
Enhance the diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems. Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, coordinate natural restoration and artificial restoration, pay more attention to improving quality, revitalizing industries, and benefiting the people, and build a large pattern of protection and governance from mountain tops to the ocean. Consolidate and optimize the ecological security barrier. Comprehensively promote the construction of a natural protected area system. Improve the ecological protection mechanism.
Accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyle. Highlight saving first, strengthen policy incentives, guide the participation of the whole society, accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of the development mode, and form a new mode of green production and a new fashion of life. Strengthen the conservation and intensive use of resources. Improve the green development policy system. Carry out green and low-carbon national actions.
Promote the Modernization of the National Security System and Capacity and Build a Higher-Level Safe China
Unswervingly implement the overall national security concept, accelerate the construction of a new security pattern, enhance the strategic initiative to maintain and shape national security, take the road of socialist social governance with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that society is full of vitality and orderly.
Strengthen the construction of the national security system and capacity. Adhere to strategy as the guide, policy as the grasp, the rule of law as the guarantee, and risk prevention and control as the foothold, consolidate the centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative national security leadership system, formulate and implement the national security strategy, and improve the national security legal system, strategic system, policy system, and risk prevention and control system. Strengthen the coordination mechanism for key areas and important special projects of national security, and improve emergency response effectiveness. Implement the national security responsibility system, promote the coordinated linkage of the entire chain and all elements, and form a systematic synergy. Strengthen the national security capacity building in key areas, forge a practical and effective national security capacity, highlight the protection of major security issues related to the long-term stability of the country, the healthy and stable economy, and the people's well-being, and put safeguarding political security in the first place. Consolidate the basic guarantee of national security, and strengthen the national security capacity building in emerging fields. Improve the foreign-related national security mechanism, build an overseas security guarantee system, strengthen the fight against sanctions, anti-interference, and anti-"long-arm jurisdiction," and deepen international law enforcement and security cooperation. Strengthen national security education and build a people's defense line.
Ensure national economic security. Focus on key varieties to strengthen the guarantee of strategic materials, focus on systemically important areas to prevent and resolve major risks, and focus on new industries, new business forms, and new application scenarios to enhance the risk prevention and control capabilities of weak links, and comprehensively improve security guarantee capabilities by accurately making up for shortcomings. Enhance the ability to guarantee food security. Strengthen the supply guarantee of energy and resources. Improve the long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving risks in key areas. Enhance network security guarantee capabilities.
Improve the level of public safety governance. Improve the public safety system, promote the transformation of the public safety governance model to pre-event prevention, and effectively safeguard the safety of people's lives and property. Strengthen food and drug safety supervision. Improve the level of safe production. Improve the emergency management system.
Improve the social governance system. Adhere to systematic governance, law-based governance, comprehensive governance, and source governance, improve the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance, and sharing, improve the social work system and mechanism and the social governance policy, laws, and regulations system, and promote the modernization of social governance. Consolidate the foundation of grassroots social governance. Enhance the effectiveness of governance in emerging fields. Effectively maintain social safety and stability.
Achieve the Centenary Goal of the Founding of the Army as Scheduled and Promote the Modernization of National Defense and the Military with High Quality
Implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on strengthening the military, implement the military strategic policy of the new era, adhere to the absolute leadership of the Party over the people's army, implement the chairman responsibility system of the Central Military Commission, follow the new "three-step" strategy for the modernization of national defense and the military, promote political building of the army, strengthening the army through reform, strengthening the army through science and technology, strengthening the army through talent, and governing the army according to law, fight, prepare for war, and build at the same time, accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization, and improve the strategic ability to defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
Focus on improving the quality and efficiency of the modernization of national defense and the military. Accelerate the modernization of military theory, military organizational forms, military personnel, weapons and equipment, and military governance, improve the people's army's ability to win battles, and effectively fulfill the mission and tasks of the people's army in the new era. Accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities. Promote the modernization of military governance.
Consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capacity. Strengthen the overall planning of military and local strategies, the connection of policies and systems, and the sharing of resource elements, and promote the synchronous improvement of national defense strength and economic strength. Deepen cross-military and local reforms, and build a cross-military and local work pattern with clear division of responsibilities, close cooperation, and standardization and order. Accelerate the construction of strategic capabilities in emerging fields, and promote the efficient integration and two-way pulling of new quality productive forces and new quality combat capabilities. Build an advanced national defense science and technology industry system, optimize the layout of the national defense science and technology industry, and promote the generalization of military and civilian standards. Strengthen the reporting and military-local connection of military needs for national defense construction, promote the comprehensive implementation of national defense requirements in major infrastructure, and strengthen national defense strategic prefabrication. Accelerate the construction of national defense mobilization capabilities, and strengthen the construction of reserve forces. Strengthen the construction of modern border, sea, and air defense, and promote the joint efforts of the Party, government, military, police, and people to strengthen the border and consolidate the defense. Deepen national defense education for all people, and consolidate the unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people.
Develop Whole-Process People's Democracy and Improve the Socialist Legal System with Chinese Characteristics
Unswervingly follow the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the organic unity of Party leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, and consolidate and develop a lively, stable, and united political situation.
Develop socialist democracy. Expand the people's orderly political participation, enrich the forms of democracy at all levels, develop a broader, fuller, and sounder whole-process people's democracy, and ensure that the people exercise democratic elections, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision in accordance with the law.
Develop socialist democracy. Expand orderly political participation of the people, enrich democratic forms at all levels, develop whole-process people's democracy that is broader, fuller, and healthier, and ensure that the people exercise democratic elections, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision in accordance with the law.
Advance the rule of law in all respects. Adhere to the comprehensive rule of law, coordinate the advancement of scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial justice, and universal law-abidingness, better leverage the fundamental, stable, and long-term guarantee role of the rule of law, and build a socialist rule-of-law country with a higher level.
Uphold and Improve "One Country, Two Systems" and Advance the Reunification of the Motherland
Resolutely safeguard and promote the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门), unswervingly advance the great cause of the reunification of the motherland, and join hands to create a great cause of national rejuvenation.
Promote the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门). Resolutely implement the principles of "One Country, Two Systems" (一国两制), "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong" (港人治港), "Macao people governing Macao" (澳人治澳), and a high degree of autonomy, implement the principle of "patriots governing Hong Kong" (爱国者治港) and "patriots governing Macao" (爱国者治澳), enhance the effectiveness of governance in Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) in accordance with the law, promote the economic and social development of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门), and leverage the unique advantages and important roles of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) in relying on the motherland and connecting with the world. Support Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) in consolidating and enhancing their competitive advantages. Support Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) in better integrating into and serving the overall national development.
Promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and advance the great cause of the reunification of the motherland. Adhere to the One China principle and the "1992 Consensus" (九二共识), thoroughly implement the Party's overall strategy for resolving the Taiwan (台湾) issue in the new era, resolutely crack down on "Taiwan independence" (台独) separatist forces, oppose interference by external forces, safeguard peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, firmly grasp the leading and proactive role in cross-strait relations, enhance the well-being of compatriots on both sides of the strait, and firmly safeguard the common home of the Chinese nation. Promote cross-strait economic cooperation. Deepen cross-strait exchanges.
Strengthen the Guarantee of Planning Implementation
Adhere to and strengthen the Party's overall leadership, unswervingly advance the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, enhance the Party's political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, improve the Party's ability and level of leading economic and social development, improve the national economic and social development planning system, and gather tremendous strength for advancing Chinese-style modernization.
Adhere to and strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, give full play to the Party's leading core role in overseeing the overall situation and coordinating all parties, and provide a fundamental guarantee for promoting the implementation of the plan. Strengthen the Party's leadership over the entire process of planning implementation. Comprehensively enhance the modernization construction capabilities of the cadre team. Improve the Party and state supervision system.
Improve the full-cycle promotion mechanism for planning implementation. Implement the National Development Planning Law, improve the unified planning system, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the entire society, vigorously and orderly promote the implementation of various goals and tasks, and ensure that the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee are implemented. Form a unified planning system synergy. Promote the implementation of planning tasks by category. Strengthen policy coordination and guarantee. Strengthen planning implementation monitoring, evaluation, and supervision.
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopEntrusted by the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission submitted the "Report on the Implementation of the 2025 National Economic and Social Development Plan and the Draft 2026 National Economic and Social Development Plan" to the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人大) for review on March 5. The following is a summary:
I. Implementation of the 2025 National Economic and Social Development Plan
The year 2025 was an extraordinary year. Faced with complex and severe situations characterized by rare external shocks and interwoven domestic dilemmas, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, all regions and departments adhered to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, thoroughly implemented the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, earnestly implemented the "Government Work Report" and the 2025 National Economic and Social Development Plan approved by the Third Session of the 14th National People's Congress, implemented more proactive and effective macroeconomic policies, carried out economic and trade struggles in a reasonable, forceful, and effective manner, and focused on stabilizing employment, enterprises, the market, and expectations. China's economy moved forward against pressure, developing towards new and better directions. The main goals and tasks of economic and social development for the whole year were successfully completed, the "14th Five-Year Plan" (十四五规划) came to a successful conclusion, and new and solid steps were taken towards Chinese-style modernization.
The overall economic and social development of the year presented four prominent features: First, strong economic resilience. The total economic volume reached 140.19 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.0%. Under external shocks, the total value of imports and exports of goods increased by 3.8%, and the export value of high-tech products increased by 13.2%. The capital market rebounded and warmed up, with active trading. The Shanghai Composite Index (上证综指) and the ChiNext Index (创业板指) rose by 18.4% and 49.6% respectively during the year. Second, many innovative breakthroughs. Research and application of artificial intelligence, biomedicine, robotics, quantum technology, and other fields are at the forefront of the world, and new breakthroughs have been made in independent research and development of chips. The actual investment in research and development of the whole society increased by 9.1%, and the investment intensity reached 2.8%. The number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 people reached 16, and China entered the top ten in the global innovation index for the first time. Third, solid livelihood security. The urgent and difficult problems of the masses have been further resolved. 12.67 million new urban jobs were created, and the growth of residents' income was synchronized with economic growth. The policy of exempting childcare and education fees for one year before preschool benefited 14 million children, and the childcare subsidy system benefited more than 30 million infants and young children. Fourth, a solid security foundation. The security guarantee capabilities of food, energy resources, and industrial and supply chains have been enhanced, and positive progress has been made in resolving risks in key areas.
From the perspective of work effectiveness, it is mainly reflected in the following ten aspects.
(1) Macroeconomic policies are more proactive and effective, and economic operation is generally stable and progressing steadily. First, the policy combination punches synergistically and efficiently. A number of measures were launched in a timely manner to stabilize employment, stabilize the economy, and promote high-quality development. 1.3 trillion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds and 4.4 trillion yuan of new local government special bonds were issued, and 735 billion yuan of central budgetary investment was arranged, and new policy-based financial instruments were put in place to supplement the capital of key projects. The weighted average interest rate of newly issued corporate loans nationwide for the whole year decreased by 41 basis points compared with the previous year. At the end of the year, the balance of broad money supply (M2) and the stock of social financing increased by 8.5% and 8.3% respectively. Second, the construction of "two major projects" continues to advance. 800 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds were arranged to support 1,459 major projects. A supporting mechanism for ultra-long-term loans was established. Efforts were stepped up to promote "soft construction" supporting measures such as planning and preparation, policy formulation, and institutional mechanism innovation. Third, the policy of large-scale equipment renewal and trade-in of consumer goods has been strengthened and expanded. Implementation rules for equipment renewal in 17 fields and implementation plans for trade-in of consumer goods in 8 fields were introduced. The scale of funds supporting large-scale equipment renewal was increased to 200 billion yuan, driving investment in related projects to exceed 1 trillion yuan. The scale of funds supporting trade-in of consumer goods was increased to 300 billion yuan, driving sales of related commodities to exceed 2.6 trillion yuan. Fourth, policy coordination and expectation guidance are strong and effective. Consistency assessments of policy documents were carried out efficiently. Publicity and interpretation of the economic situation and major policies were strengthened.
(2) Domestic demand potential continues to be released, and the basic role of the domestic market is more solid. First, the consumer market is expanding and upgrading with many highlights. A special action to boost consumption was implemented, and the total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 3.7%. Sales of new energy vehicles increased by 28.2%. Service retail sales increased by 5.5%. Exploring the establishment of a spring and autumn vacation system for primary and secondary schools. Actively expand inbound consumption. Second, investment to make up for shortcomings, adjust the structure, and increase efficiency. Various types of funds are used in a coordinated manner to support the construction of key projects. Promote the smooth realization of the planning goals and tasks of the 102 major engineering projects of the "14th Five-Year Plan", and start the construction of landmark projects such as the Yaxia Hydropower Station (雅下水电). Introduced policies and measures to further promote the development of private investment, and rolled out more than 5,400 projects to private capital. Third, the modern circulation system is more complete. In-depth implementation of effective actions to reduce the logistics costs of the whole society, the ratio of total social logistics costs to gross domestic product in 2025 fell below 14% for the first time.
(3) Major strides have been made in scientific and technological self-reliance, and the construction of a modern industrial system has continued to advance. First, the effectiveness of the national innovation system has been continuously improved. Organized and implemented a number of major science and technology projects. 44 national major science and technology infrastructure projects have been built and put into operation, promoting the output of a number of landmark achievements such as the "world's first 3.0T superconducting magnetic resonance imaging equipment." Second, the pace of upgrading key industries has accelerated. Policies and measures have been introduced to resolve structural contradictions in key industries and promote quality improvement and upgrading. The comprehensive rectification of "involution-style" competition has achieved remarkable results, and the profits of manufacturing enterprises above designated size have increased by 5.0%. Third, new momentum such as emerging industries is booming. The export volume and export value of integrated circuits increased by 17.4% and 27.4% respectively. The output of industrial robots increased by 28.0%. The number of approved innovative drugs increased to 76. The number of real-name registered drones increased by 56.6%. The Hainan Commercial Aerospace Launch Site (海南商业航天发射场) has initially formed a normalized launch capability. The National Venture Capital Guidance Fund (国家创业投资引导基金) has been launched. Fourth, the digital economy and artificial intelligence are accelerating empowerment. The national integrated computing power network is accelerating construction. Tiered cultivation of digital industrial clusters. The independent ecosystem of artificial intelligence is accelerating cultivation, and open source models are leading the world. Opinions on in-depth implementation of the "Artificial Intelligence+" action were introduced.
(4) Landmark reform measures have been accelerated, and the high-standard market system has been further improved. First, the construction of a unified national market is advancing in depth. Implementation guidelines for the construction of a unified national market. In-depth clean-up and rectification of market access barriers. Continuously regulate local investment promotion behavior. Introduced opinions on improving the social credit system. A unified national electricity market system has been initially established. Second, the vitality of various ownership economies continues to be stimulated. Improve the guidance system for the layout optimization and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy. Promote the promulgation and implementation of the Private Economy Promotion Law. Revised the "Regulations on Guaranteeing Payment of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Funds." Third, the business environment is optimized and improved. Carry out actions to improve the business environment. Promote the improvement of the bidding and tendering legal system. Establish and improve a long-term supervision mechanism for enterprise-related charges. Fourth, new breakthroughs have been made in reforms in key areas. Carry out pilot projects for comprehensive reform of factor market allocation. Launched "1+6" reform measures such as setting up a science and technology growth layer on the Science and Technology Innovation Board (科创板). Establish a policy mechanism for registration, authorized operation, and price formation of public data resources. Promote all new energy online electricity to enter the electricity market, and the online electricity price is fully formed by the market.
(5) High-level opening to the outside world continues to expand, and development space continues to expand. First, high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" (一带一路) has achieved new results. The trade in goods with countries jointly building the "Belt and Road" reached 23.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.3%. The China-Europe Railway Express (中欧班列) stably operated 20,000 trains throughout the year, an increase of 3.2%, and the China-Central Asia Railway Express operated 14,000 trains. Landmark projects such as the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway (中吉乌铁路) and the Simandou Iron Mine (西芒杜铁矿) have made breakthroughs. Second, import and export trade and two-way investment have been steadily improved. Exports of mechanical and electrical products increased by 8.9%, and the proportion exceeded 60% for the first time. Service exports increased by 14.2%. Orderly promote the expansion of opening up of the service industry, and implement a number of measures to encourage foreign-invested enterprises to reinvest in China. Foreign direct investment was 104.7 billion US dollars, and overseas direct investment was 145.7 billion US dollars. Third, independent opening up is being promoted in an orderly manner. Grant 100% tariff-free treatment to products under tariff items from the least developed countries that have diplomatic relations with China. Unilateral visa-free or comprehensive mutual visa-free treatment is implemented for 77 countries, and 240-hour transit visa-free treatment is implemented for 55 countries. 30.08 million foreigners entered the country visa-free, an increase of 49.5%. Fourth, international economic and trade cooperation continues to deepen. Firmly safeguard the multilateral trading system, fully and deeply participate in the reform of the World Trade Organization, and have signed 24 free trade agreements with 31 countries and regions.
(6) Comprehensive rural revitalization is being promoted in an orderly manner, and the construction of new urbanization is more in-depth. First, the supply guarantee capacity of grain and other important agricultural products has been steadily improved. In-depth implementation of a new round of action to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion jin, and grain output reached a new high throughout the year. Vigorously promote the seed industry revitalization action. Implement facility agriculture renovation and transformation, and innovate and strengthen market regulation of important agricultural products and agricultural materials. Second, the achievements in poverty alleviation have been continuously consolidated and expanded. Efforts were stepped up to implement work-for-relief programs, absorbing more than 4 million people to find employment locally and nearby throughout the year. Third, the level of rural construction and governance has been continuously improved. Solidly promote the five-year action to improve the rural living environment. Infrastructure conditions such as rural water, roads, electricity, gas, and information have been greatly improved. Rural reforms continue to deepen. Fourth, the construction of new urbanization is being steadily promoted. Carry out pilot projects for new urbanization, and the urbanization rate of permanent residents at the end of 2025 was 67.9%. 27,000 old urban communities were newly started to be renovated.
(7) Coordinated regional development has been deepened and implemented, and the regional economic layout has been further optimized. First, the coordination of regional development has been continuously enhanced. The leading and driving role of the three major power source regions has been consolidated and enhanced. The development balance of the four major sectors has been steadily enhanced. The construction of the two green development belts of the Yangtze River (长江) and the Yellow River (黄河) has been deepened. The Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港) officially launched the island-wide customs closure operation, and the proportion of "zero-tariff" commodity tariff items increased from 21% to 74%. The construction of a maritime power has been deepened and implemented, and the total marine production value for the whole year is about 11 trillion yuan. The construction plan outline of the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin-City Economic Circle (成渝地区双城经济圈) was successfully concluded. The old revolutionary base areas are accelerating revitalization and development. Old industrial cities are accelerating transformation. Resource-based areas are actively exploring transformation and development. Education, medical care, employment, and other livelihood guarantees in ethnic minority areas have been continuously improved. Second, regional linkage development is increasingly deepening. The construction of trans-regional and trans-basin major channels is being deepened. The integration of science, technology, and industry in key regions is accelerating. The co-construction and sharing of public service facilities such as medical care and education between regions are accelerating. Provincial adjacent areas are deepening pragmatic cooperation.
(8) The urgent and difficult problems of the masses have been strengthened and resolved, and livelihood security has been more effective. First, the employment-first policy has been deeply implemented. The average urban surveyed unemployment rate for the whole year was 5.2%. Promote job creation and expansion. Conducted 11 million government-subsidized vocational skills training sessions. Second, the public service system is more complete. The national basic public service projects have basically achieved unified urban and rural standards and institutional integration. Gradually promote free preschool education. Strengthen the construction of ordinary high schools with population inflow areas as the focus, and steadily promote the expansion of high-quality undergraduate programs. Implement medical and health strengthening projects. Strengthen the construction of a public health prevention and control and treatment system. Promote the high-quality development of inclusive elderly care services. Promote the development of inclusive childcare services as a whole with cities as units. Third, the level of social security has been continuously improved. The minimum standard for basic old-age pensions for urban and rural residents nationwide was increased by 20 yuan per person per month. The per capita financial subsidy standard for urban and rural residents' medical insurance was increased by 30 yuan. Direct settlement of cross-provincial medical treatment benefited 308 million people throughout the year. A total of 1.21 million sets (rooms) of allocation-type affordable housing, guaranteed rental housing, and public rental housing were built and raised. Fourth, cultural undertakings and cultural industries have prospered and developed. The integration of culture and tourism has been deepened, and the number of domestic residents traveling and the cost of travel increased by 16.2% and 9.5% respectively throughout the year.
(9) The comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development has accelerated, and the construction of ecological civilization has achieved remarkable results. First, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality are being promoted actively and steadily. Improve the dual control system of total carbon emissions and intensity. Carry out the construction of the first batch of national zero-carbon parks. Renewable energy installed capacity accounted for 60.1% of the country's total power installed capacity, and the increase in power generation exceeded the increase in total social electricity consumption for the first time. The installed scale of new energy storage reached 136 million kilowatts. Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP decreased by 5.0%, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption in total energy consumption was 21.7%. Second, pollution prevention and ecological protection and restoration have been continuously strengthened. The average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities at or above the prefecture level nationwide decreased by 4.4%, the proportion of surface water reaching or better than Class III water quality was 91.4%, and the source control action for soil pollution was deeply implemented. The three landmark battles of the "Three North" project (三北工程) have been fully launched. Completed 127 million mu of land greening tasks. Third, the implementation of the comprehensive conservation strategy has achieved remarkable results. In-depth implementation of special actions for energy conservation and carbon reduction in key areas, and energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 5.1%. Water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP decreased by about 4%. Strengthen the reduction of food loss in the whole chain and the anti-waste in the catering industry. The comprehensive utilization rate of bulk solid waste exceeds 60%.
(10) Risk prevention and resolution have been steadily promoted, and the safety bottom line has been further consolidated. First, the foundation for safe development has been further consolidated. Introduced an implementation plan to gradually build permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland. Launched the implementation of an inter-provincial horizontal benefit compensation mechanism for grain producing and marketing areas. Deepen the reform of the grain purchase and sale and reserve management system and mechanism. Strengthen the construction of the energy production, supply, storage, and marketing system. Successfully completed the energy and electricity supply guarantee task for the peak summer season, and effectively ensured that the masses had a warm winter. Promote the construction of domestic key mines and deepen overseas mineral resource development cooperation. Improve data circulation security governance rules. Second, positive progress has been made in resolving risks in key areas. The resolution of local government debt risks has been steadily promoted, and more than 82% of financing platforms have achieved withdrawal. The "guaranteed delivery of buildings" task has been fully completed. Promote the reform and risk resolution of small and medium-sized financial institutions, and the number of high-risk institutions has been greatly reduced. Third, public safety has been effectively guaranteed. Go all out to ensure the supply and stabilize the prices of important livelihood commodities. Effectively do a good job in disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief. Strengthen the whole process supervision of safety production. Fourth, national defense mobilization and national defense construction have been steadily promoted. Strengthen military-local coordination in the field of national defense mobilization. In accordance with the integration of national defense requirements into economic construction, coordinate and strengthen the construction of major projects and the sharing of resource elements.
2025 is the closing year of the "14th Five-Year Plan." Over the past five years, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, withstood the severe impact of the century-long epidemic, effectively responded to a series of major risks and challenges, and successfully completed the main goals and tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan," achieving a series of pioneering, breakthrough, and landmark major achievements in economic and social development.
The fundamental reason for these achievements lies in the leadership and helmsmanship of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and in the united struggle of the whole Party, the whole army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country. In this process, the National People's Congress (全国人大) exercised correct supervision, effective supervision, and legal supervision, and the National People's Congress deputies participated in exercising state power in accordance with the law, and put forward many good opinions and suggestions on economic and social development work; the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (全国政协) strengthened political consultation, democratic supervision, and participation in and deliberation of state affairs, and the National Committee members actively offered suggestions and played an important role in promoting the implementation of the Party Central Committee's major decisions and deployments.
II. Overall Requirements, Main Goals, and Policy Orientations for Economic and Social Development in 2026
(1) Overall Requirements.
Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, guided by Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, we must thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, earnestly implement the deployments of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and the Central Economic Work Conference, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, focus on promoting high-quality development, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, coordinate the domestic and international situations, better coordinate development and security, implement more proactive and effective macro policies, enhance the foresight, pertinence, and coordination of policies, continuously expand domestic demand, optimize supply, improve increments, revitalize stocks, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, promote the construction of a unified national market in depth, continuously prevent and resolve risks in key areas, focus on stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations, promote the effective improvement of quality and the reasonable growth of quantity in the economy, maintain social harmony and stability, and achieve a good start for the "15th Five-Year Plan."
(II) Main expected goals.
——The gross domestic product (GDP) grows by 4.5%-5%, and strive for better results in actual work.
——The surveyed urban unemployment rate nationwide is about 5.5%, and more than 12 million new urban jobs are created.
——The increase in the consumer price index is about 2%.
——The growth of residents' income is synchronized with economic growth.
——The balance of payments is basically balanced, and foreign trade import and export are promoted to stabilize and improve quality.
——Grain output is about 1.4 trillion jin.
——Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP are reduced by about 3.8%.
(III) Main macro policy orientations.
Adhere to seeking progress while maintaining stability, improving quality and increasing efficiency, giving play to the integrated effect of stock policies and incremental policies, increasing the intensity of counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustments, and effectively improving the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance.
Continue to implement a more proactive fiscal policy. The deficit rate is planned to be arranged at about 4%, the deficit scale is 5.89 trillion yuan, an increase of 230 billion yuan over the previous year. It is planned to issue 1.3 trillion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to continuously support the construction of "two major projects" and "two new" work. It is planned to issue 300 billion yuan of special treasury bonds to support state-owned large commercial banks to supplement capital. It is planned to arrange 4.4 trillion yuan of special bonds for local governments, improve the negative list management and "self-examination and self-issuance" pilot projects for special bond projects, increase the proportion used for project construction and list them separately, and focus on the construction of major projects, replacement of implicit debts, and digestion of government arrears. Fiscal expenditure will continue to maintain a considerable scale, continue to work hard to optimize the expenditure structure, pay more attention to supporting boosting consumption, investing in people, and ensuring people's livelihood, and improve the efficiency of fiscal funds. Enhance local autonomous financial resources and overall planning capabilities, and firmly protect the bottom line of "three guarantees" at the grassroots level. Establish and improve the mechanism for increasing revenue and reducing expenditure, actively revitalize and utilize existing resources and assets, strictly enforce financial and economic discipline, and resolutely implement the requirements of living a tight life.
Continue to implement a moderately loose monetary policy. Taking promoting stable economic growth and a reasonable rebound in prices as an important consideration for monetary policy, flexibly and efficiently use a variety of policy tools such as RRR cuts and interest rate cuts to maintain ample liquidity, so that the growth of social financing scale and money supply matches the economic growth and the expected target of the overall price level. Optimize and innovate structural monetary policy tools, appropriately increase the scale, and improve the implementation methods. Smooth the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, give full play to the role of intangible assets such as data elements and intellectual property rights, strengthen support measures such as assessment and evaluation, financing guarantees, and risk compensation, and guide financial institutions to increase their support for key areas such as expanding domestic demand, technological innovation, and small and medium-sized enterprises. Regulate the business behavior of the credit market, reduce intermediate financing costs, and promote the low-level operation of comprehensive social financing costs. Maintain the basic stability of the RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level.
Strengthen the synergy between reform measures and macro policies. Use reform methods to unblock the blockages in the economic cycle and transform policy effects into endogenous economic growth momentum. Enhance the consistency and effectiveness of macro policy orientations, incorporate various economic and non-economic policies, stock policies and incremental policies into the consistency assessment of macro policy orientations, so that various policy measures work in the same direction and form a joint force. Strengthen the coordination of fiscal, financial, employment, and industrial policies, deeply explore the combination points of policies, innovate implementation tools, and continuously amplify the effect of the "combination punch." Improve the expectation management mechanism and boost social confidence.
III. Main Tasks of the National Economic and Social Development Plan for 2026
In 2026, it is necessary to earnestly implement the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and the deployment of the National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议) ("Two Sessions"), and focus on doing a good job in ten aspects.
(I) Adhere to the strategic base point of expanding domestic demand and build a strong domestic market. First, promote sustained consumption growth. Deeply implement special actions to boost consumption. Formulate and implement plans to increase the income of urban and rural residents. Establish a special fund of 100 billion yuan for fiscal and financial coordination to promote domestic demand, and use a combination of loan interest subsidies, financing guarantees, risk compensation and other methods to support the expansion of domestic demand. Expand the supply of high-quality consumption and deeply implement actions to improve the quality and benefit the people in service consumption. Clean up unreasonable restrictions in the field of consumption. Improve the level of convenience and internationalization of inbound consumption. Second, fully tap and release the potential of effective investment. Periodically increase the support ratio of "two major projects" and some areas of central budget investment by category. Optimize the use management of special bonds for local governments and give priority to areas with sufficient investment project preparation, high investment efficiency, and good use of funds. Improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in the construction of major projects. Third, promote the construction of "two major projects" with high quality. Arrange 800 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support the construction of "two major projects." Issue the entire project list as soon as possible and promote the implementation of "soft construction" measures simultaneously. Fourth, optimize the implementation of the "two new" policies. Arrange 200 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support large-scale equipment updates and increase support for equipment updates for small and medium-sized enterprises. Arrange 250 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support the replacement of old consumer goods with new ones and increase the "subsidy rate" of key consumer goods.
(II) Accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system and step up efforts to cultivate and expand new driving forces. First, continue to promote the quality improvement and upgrading of key industries. Implement a new round of high-quality development actions for key manufacturing industry chains, carry out actions to improve quality, reduce costs, and reduce carbon emissions in key industries, and newly deploy a number of major technological transformation and upgrading projects. Promote the digital and intelligent transformation of manufacturing. Strengthen the governance of production capacity in key industries and take comprehensive measures to rectify "involution-style" competition. Second, cultivate and expand emerging industries and future industries. Implement industrial innovation projects and create emerging pillar industries. Promote breakthroughs in key core technologies of integrated circuits and industrial mother machines throughout the entire chain. Promote the tackling of basic software and industrial software. Improve the low-altitude economy industry and innovation ecology. Support the development of the innovative drug industry. Establish a mechanism for increasing investment and sharing risks in future industries. Implement special actions to stimulate industrial innovation vitality. Give play to the industry benchmark role of the National Venture Capital Guidance Fund. Third, implement actions to expand and improve the quality of the service industry. Hold a national service industry conference. Promote the integration and open sharing of common technology platforms and pilot test base resources, and develop professional and market-oriented high-level third-party inspection, testing and quality certification institutions. Fourth, deeply promote the construction of Digital China. Deeply implement the "Artificial Intelligence+" action and build a national artificial intelligence application pilot test base with high quality. Support the construction of artificial intelligence open source communities. Introduce policies to build a national integrated data market. Implement data empowerment projects.
(III) Accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement and seize the commanding heights of scientific and technological development. First, strengthen original innovation and key core technology breakthroughs. Give full play to the advantages of the new national system, promote breakthroughs in key core technologies in key areas throughout the entire chain, and organize and implement major science and technology projects well. Coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces. Second, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Build international science and technology innovation centers in Beijing (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei), Shanghai (Yangtze River Delta), and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Support leading technology enterprises to lead the establishment of innovation consortia and increase the proportion of enterprises undertaking major national science and technology projects. Innovate science and technology financial services. Third, promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Formulate and implement a plan to promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Promote the reform of universities by category and launch a new round of "double first-class" construction.
(IV) Deepen economic system reform and enhance the driving force and vitality of high-quality development. First, accelerate the removal of blockages that hinder the construction of a unified national market. Formulate regulations on the construction of a unified national market and a plan of action to promote the construction of a unified national market in depth. Issue a list of encouragement and prohibition items for local governments to attract investment and regulate tax incentives and fiscal subsidy policies. Second, fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities. Further deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises and steadily promote the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy. Promote the improvement of supporting laws and regulations for the Law on Promoting the Development of the Private Economy. Third, continue to optimize the business environment. Expand the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of bidding and tendering. Make greater efforts to solve the problem of arrears to enterprises. Promote the realization of "efficiently handling one thing" in more fields and on a larger scale. Regulate credit rating and classification supervision. Fourth, accelerate the promotion of reforms in key areas. Expand the pilot project of market-oriented reform of factors. Coordinate and promote the three-in-one reform of "optimizing the access environment + cultivating and opening up scenarios + innovating factor allocation." Improve the local tax system. Continue to deepen the comprehensive reform of investment and financing in the capital market. Deepen the market-oriented reform of on-grid electricity prices. Expand the new model of direct green electricity connection for multiple users. Steadily deepen the price reform of public utilities and public services.
(V) Further expand high-level opening up and promote multi-field cooperation and win-win results. First, promote the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road" initiative. Coordinate the promotion of major landmark projects and "small but beautiful" livelihood projects. Second, continue to stabilize foreign trade development. Deeply promote the integration of trade and investment and the integration of domestic and foreign trade. Continue to explore diversified markets and promote the expansion and upgrading of the cross-border e-commerce plus overseas warehouse model. Actively expand imports and promote balanced trade development. Further expand the underwriting scale and coverage of export credit insurance. Third, expand the space for two-way investment. Fully implement national treatment for foreign-funded enterprises. Promote the implementation of a number of landmark major foreign-funded projects, promote the reinvestment of foreign capital in China, and expand local production. Strengthen the review and supervision of overseas investment and further improve the overseas comprehensive service system. Fourth, actively expand autonomous opening up. Steadily promote the pilot projects of opening up in the fields of value-added telecommunications, biotechnology, and wholly foreign-owned hospitals, and orderly expand the opening up in the digital field. Deepen the comprehensive pilot demonstration of expanding the opening up of the service industry.
(VI) Coordinate the promotion of new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization and promote integrated urban-rural development. First, deeply promote the construction of new urbanization. Scientifically and orderly promote the urbanization of agricultural transfer population and introduce policies and measures to provide basic public services in the place of residence. Promote the urbanization construction with counties as important carriers by category. Second, improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and quality and efficiency. Increase efforts to implement a new round of action to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion jin. Deeply implement actions to increase the yield per unit area of grain and oil crops. Build a diversified food supply system. Fully carry out the second round of pilot projects in the whole province to extend the land contract for another 30 years after the expiration of the contract. Third, promote the construction of livable, business-friendly, and beautiful villages. Deeply learn from and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" Project (浙江“千村示范、万村整治”工程), promote rural revitalization by category and in an orderly manner and in clusters, and reasonably make up for the shortcomings of modern rural living conditions. Strengthen the county's wealth-generating industries. Deeply implement the construction project of civilized rural customs. Implement normalized and precise assistance and firmly guard the bottom line of preventing large-scale return to poverty. Increase support for work-for-relief projects.
(VII) Deeply promote coordinated regional development and optimize the regional economic layout. First, deepen the implementation of regional strategies. Promote the formation of a closer coordinated development pattern in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Coordinate and strengthen the global resource allocation capacity of the Yangtze River Delta region. Promote the market integration construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Increase efforts to promote the implementation of the three-year action plan for the Yangtze River protection. Systematically promote the upstream water source conservation, midstream soil and water conservation, and downstream wetland protection and ecological management of the Yellow River Basin. Solidly promote the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port and accelerate the reform and opening up in key areas such as trade and investment. Support major economic provinces to better release their advantages and potential. Second, deeply promote coordinated regional development. Strengthen the coordinated and linked development of key urban agglomerations such as the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and promote the efficient collaboration of regional innovation chains and industrial chains. Build high-quality cross-regional industrial cooperation platforms such as national-level new areas and coastal industrial parks. Third, strengthen marine development, utilization and protection. Strengthen the overall planning of major bays and promote the coordinated development of the three marine economic circles in the north, east, and south. Strengthen and optimize the marine industry and improve the independent innovation capacity of marine science and technology.
(VIII) Do more practical things for the people and guarantee and improve people's livelihood with greater efforts. First, promote residents' employment through multiple channels. Implement actions to stabilize jobs, expand capacity, and improve quality and continue to promote the tapping and expansion of job potential in key areas. Improve the employment support and public service system. Continue to implement large-scale vocational skills improvement training actions. Second, build a high-quality and balanced public service system. Steadily promote the equalization of basic public services. Optimize the allocation of pre-school and compulsory education resources and increase the supply of ordinary high school places and the enrollment of high-quality university undergraduates. Promote the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources and the balanced regional layout. Introduce incremental policies to promote the high-quality development of the silver economy. Promote long-term care insurance. Promote the construction of an inclusive elderly care and childcare service system. Support the construction of social welfare facilities. Third, improve the multi-level social security system. Further expand the coverage of social insurance and improve the policy of transferring and continuing social security relationships. The minimum monthly standard of basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents will be increased by another 20 yuan. The per capita fiscal subsidy standard for urban and rural residents' medical insurance will be increased by 24 yuan. Improve the hierarchical and classified social assistance system. Fourth, better meet the people's spiritual and cultural needs. Widely carry out mass cultural activities. Promote the high-quality development of the cultural industry and the tourism industry.
(IX) Deeply promote energy conservation and carbon reduction and accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. First, actively and steadily promote carbon peaking. Comprehensively implement the dual control system of carbon emissions, solidly carry out the "15th Five-Year Plan" carbon peaking action, and establish a minimum proportion target system for renewable energy consumption. Resolutely curb the blind development of high-energy-consuming and high-emission projects. Deeply promote energy conservation and carbon reduction transformation in key industries. Formulate an outline for the construction of an energy power, and accelerate the construction of a new energy system. Promote the construction of zero-carbon parks and zero-carbon factories. Second, continue to deeply promote pollution prevention and control and ecosystem optimization. Deeply fight the tough battle to defend the blue sky, clear waters, and pure land, implement comprehensive solid waste management actions, and strengthen the management of new pollutants. Coordinate the promotion of major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems and implement the integration and optimization of nature reserves. Third, accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyle. Carry out comprehensive conservation strategic actions and continue to promote the integrated conservation of "energy, water, grain, land, minerals, and materials." Develop a circular economy and improve the level of garbage classification and resource utilization. Establish a national low-carbon transition fund.
(X) Strengthen the construction of security capabilities in key areas and further consolidate the security barrier. First, consolidate the security foundation in key areas. Promote the construction of high-standard farmland by zone and category. Deeply implement the inter-provincial horizontal benefit compensation mechanism for grain production and marketing areas. Enhance the resilience of the energy production, supply, storage and marketing system. Do a good job in ensuring energy supply during peak summer and peak winter seasons. Strengthen the exploration, development and storage of strategic mineral resources and steadily improve the level of overseas mineral resource development cooperation and return transportation. Improve the level of independent control of the entire industrial chain in key areas. Promote the efficient, convenient, and secure cross-border flow of data. Second, steadily and orderly resolve risks in key areas. Focus on stabilizing the real estate market, controlling increments, destocking, and optimizing supply according to local conditions. Actively and orderly resolve the debt risks of local governments and resolutely curb the illegal increase of hidden debts. Actively and steadily resolve risks in the financial field and orderly promote the disposal of high-risk institutions. Third, improve public safety guarantee capabilities. Do a good job in ensuring the supply and stabilizing the prices of important livelihood commodities such as grain, oil, meat, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables. Improve the ability to prevent and reduce disasters and provide disaster relief and handle major public emergencies. Comprehensively complete the three-year action plan for fundamental improvement of work safety. Fourth, improve national defense mobilization capabilities and the level of national defense construction. Improve the sharing mechanism of military and local resources and elements and promote the organic integration of regional economic development layout and military construction layout. Strengthen the construction of national defense industrial capabilities.
(10) Strengthen security capacity building in key areas and further consolidate the security barrier. First, consolidate the security foundation in key areas. Promote the construction of high-standard farmland by zone and category. Deepen the inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation mechanism in grain producing and marketing areas. Enhance the resilience of the energy production, supply, storage, and marketing system. Do a good job in ensuring energy supply during peak summer and winter seasons. Strengthen the exploration, development, and storage of strategic mineral resources, and steadily improve overseas mineral resource development cooperation and repatriation levels. Improve the level of independent control of the entire industrial chain in key areas. Promote the efficient, convenient, and secure cross-border flow of data. Second, steadily and orderly resolve risks in key areas. Focus on stabilizing the real estate market, implementing policies tailored to each city to control incremental increases, reduce inventory, and optimize supply. Actively and orderly resolve local government debt risks, and resolutely curb illegal new implicit debt. Actively and prudently resolve risks in the financial sector, and orderly promote the disposal of high-risk institutions. Third, enhance public safety保障能力. Do a good job in ensuring the supply and price stability of important livelihood commodities such as grain, oil, meat, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables. Improve the ability to prevent and reduce disasters and provide disaster relief, as well as to handle major emergencies. Comprehensively complete the three-year action plan for fundamentally addressing work safety issues. Fourth, improve national defense mobilization capabilities and the level of national defense construction. Improve the sharing mechanism of military and local resources and elements, and promote the organic integration of regional economic development layout and military construction layout. Strengthen national defense industrial capacity building.
Unswervingly implement the principles of "One Country, Two Systems," "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong," "Macao people governing Macao," and a high degree of autonomy, implement the principle of "patriots governing Hong Kong" and "patriots governing Macao," enhance the effectiveness of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) in governing according to law, and promote the economic and social development of Hong Kong and Macao. Adhere to the One China principle and the "1992 Consensus," resolutely crack down on "Taiwan independence" separatist forces, promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, and advance the great cause of national reunification.
We must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly implement the deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session, profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," achieve the "Two Safeguards," resolutely implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, consciously accept the supervision of the National People's Congress, work together with one heart and mind, forge ahead, strive to achieve the goals and tasks of economic and social development for the whole year, ensure a good start for the "15th Five-Year Plan," and make new and greater contributions to comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopCommissioned by the State Council (国务院), the Ministry of Finance (财政部) submitted the "Report on the Implementation of the Central and Local Budgets for 2025 and the Draft Central and Local Budgets for 2026" to the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress (十四届全国人大四次会议) for review on March 5. The abstract is as follows:
I. Implementation of the Central and Local Budgets for 2025
(I) Revenue and Expenditure of the General Public Budget for 2025
1. National General Public Budget
The national general public budget revenue was 21,604.488 billion yuan, accounting for 98.3% of the budget, a decrease of 1.7% compared to 2024. Among them, tax revenue was 17,636.323 billion yuan, an increase of 0.8%; non-tax revenue was 3,968.165 billion yuan, a decrease of 11.3%, mainly due to the high base caused by the one-time arrangement for central units to turn over special income in the previous year. Adding 1,575.378 billion yuan transferred from the budget stabilization regulation fund, government fund budget, and state-owned capital operation budget, as well as the use of carry-over and surplus funds, the total revenue was 23,179.866 billion yuan. The national general public budget expenditure was 28,739.542 billion yuan, completing 96.8% of the budget, an increase of 1%, mainly due to the implementation of the requirements for Party and government agencies to **勒紧腰带** (lè jǐn yāo dài - "tighten the belt," to practice austerity) and reduce non-essential and non-priority expenditures, as well as some actual settlement expenditures being lower than initially expected. Adding 100.324 billion yuan to supplement the central budget stabilization regulation fund, the total expenditure was 28,839.866 billion yuan. Offsetting the total revenue and expenditure, the deficit was 5,660 billion yuan, which was the same as the budget.
2. Central General Public Budget
The central general public budget revenue was 9,396.262 billion yuan, accounting for 96.9% of the budget, a decrease of 6.5%. Adding 100 billion yuan transferred from the central budget stabilization regulation fund and 240 billion yuan transferred from the central state-owned capital operation budget, the total revenue was 9,736.262 billion yuan. The central general public budget expenditure was 14,495.938 billion yuan, completing 98.3% of the budget, an increase of 2.8%. Adding 100.324 billion yuan to supplement the central budget stabilization regulation fund, the total expenditure was 14,596.262 billion yuan. Offsetting the total revenue and expenditure, the central fiscal deficit was 4,860 billion yuan, which was the same as the budget.
The surplus of the central general public budget expenditure in 2025 was 250.062 billion yuan (including 50 billion yuan of central reserve funds, which were not arranged for use and transferred to the expenditure surplus of the year). After deducting 149.738 billion yuan used to balance the budget revenue and expenditure, 100.324 billion yuan was used to supplement the central budget stabilization regulation fund. Adding 7.431 billion yuan supplemented by the carry-over and surplus funds of the central government fund, the balance of the central budget stabilization regulation fund at the end of 2025 was 290.456 billion yuan.
3. Local General Public Budget
The local general public budget revenue was 22,400.74 billion yuan, of which the local revenue was 12,208.226 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4%; the central government's transfer payment revenue to local governments was 10,192.514 billion yuan. Adding 1,235.378 billion yuan transferred from the local budget stabilization regulation fund, government fund budget, and state-owned capital operation budget, as well as the use of carry-over and surplus funds, the total revenue was 23,636.118 billion yuan. The local general public budget expenditure was 24,436.118 billion yuan, an increase of 0.2%, accounting for 85% of the national general public budget expenditure. Offsetting the total revenue and expenditure, the local fiscal deficit was 800 billion yuan, which was the same as the budget.
(II) Revenue and Expenditure of the Government Fund Budget for 2025
The national government fund budget revenue was 5,770.355 billion yuan, accounting for 92.3% of the budget, a decrease of 7%, mainly due to the decrease in the transfer income from the right to use state-owned land in local areas. Adding 38.507 billion yuan of carry-over income from 2024, 1,300 billion yuan of income from ultra-long-term special treasury bonds, 500 billion yuan of income from special treasury bonds for capital injection into central financial institutions, and 4,400 billion yuan of income raised by local governments issuing special bonds, the total revenue was 12,008.862 billion yuan. The national government fund budget expenditure was 11,287.354 billion yuan, completing 90.4% of the budget, an increase of 11.3%.
The central government fund budget revenue was 505.588 billion yuan, accounting for 99.5% of the budget, an increase of 6.8%. The central government fund budget expenditure was 2,277.98 billion yuan, completing 97.1% of the budget.
The local government fund budget revenue was 5,264.767 billion yuan, a decrease of 8.2%. The local government fund budget expenditure was 10,188.941 billion yuan, an increase of 5.3%.
(III) Revenue and Expenditure of the State-Owned Capital Operation Budget for 2025
The national state-owned capital operation budget revenue was 854.695 billion yuan, accounting for 135.1% of the budget, an increase of 25.8%. The national state-owned capital operation budget expenditure was 264.731 billion yuan, completing 93.8% of the budget, a decrease of 15.1%.
The central state-owned capital operation budget revenue was 390.274 billion yuan. The central state-owned capital operation budget expenditure was 129.705 billion yuan, completing 92.4% of the budget, a decrease of 16.6%.
The local state-owned capital operation budget revenue was 464.421 billion yuan, an increase of 2.3%. The local state-owned capital operation budget expenditure was 138.412 billion yuan, a decrease of 13.7%, mainly due to the reduction in expenditures for resolving historical legacy issues.
(IV) Revenue and Expenditure of the Social Insurance Fund Budget for 2025
The national social insurance fund budget revenue was 12,603.368 billion yuan, accounting for 101.3% of the budget, an increase of 4.9%. The national social insurance fund budget expenditure was 11,141.41 billion yuan, completing 98.3% of the budget, an increase of 5.4%. The surplus of revenue and expenditure for the year was 1,461.958 billion yuan, and the accumulated surplus at the end of the year was 15,956.253 billion yuan.
At the end of 2025, the balance of national debt was 41,231.768 billion yuan, which was controlled within the national debt limit of 41,860.835 billion yuan approved by the National People's Congress (全国人大); the balance of local government debt was 54,823.082 billion yuan (including local government debt used to replace existing implicit debt), including the balance of general debt of 17,512.036 billion yuan and the balance of special debt of 37,311.046 billion yuan, which was controlled within the local government debt limit approved by the National People's Congress.
(V) Implementation of Major Fiscal and Tax Policies and Key Fiscal Work in 2025
Implemented a more proactive fiscal policy. Solidly promoted high-quality development. Effectively guaranteed and improved people's livelihood. Prevented and resolved risks in key areas. Deepened fiscal management reform.
II. Draft Central and Local Budgets for 2026
(I) Analysis of the Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure Situation in 2026
From the perspective of fiscal revenue, the implementation of macro-combination policies has taken effect, and high-quality development has been steadily promoted, providing support for the growth of fiscal revenue. From the perspective of fiscal expenditure, the "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for laying the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization. In the first year, the demand for fiscal expenditure in various fields is relatively large, and key expenditures such as scientific and technological innovation, rural revitalization, and industrial transformation and upgrading are rigidly increasing; basic people's livelihood needs such as elderly care, education, and medical care need to continue to be strengthened; to promote the equalization of basic public services, transfer payments need to maintain a certain level of intensity. Overall, the pressure on fiscal revenue and expenditure balance in 2026 is relatively large. We must strengthen our confidence, make good use of our advantages, respond to challenges, scientifically and rationally prepare budgets, strengthen the implementation of policies and pre-research reserves, and continuously consolidate and expand the momentum of steady economic improvement.
(II) Overall Requirements for Budget Preparation and Fiscal Work in 2026
To do a good job in budget preparation and fiscal work in 2026, it is necessary to adhere to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, and be guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (党的二十大) and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, earnestly implement the deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee (党的二十届四中全会) and the Central Economic Work Conference (中央经济工作会议), fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, focus on promoting high-quality development, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, coordinate the domestic and international situations, better coordinate development and security, implement a more proactive fiscal policy and improve its accuracy and effectiveness, optimize increments, revitalize stocks, focus on expanding domestic demand, optimizing structure, increasing momentum, benefiting people's livelihood, focusing on stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations, focusing on promoting reform, strengthening management, preventing risks, and increasing efficiency, promoting the effective improvement of economic quality and the rational growth of quantity, maintaining social harmony and stability, and providing strong guarantees for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
In 2026, we will continue to implement a more proactive fiscal policy. "More proactive" is not only reflected in expanding the scale of funds, but also in improving the efficiency of fund use. It mainly includes five aspects: First, expand the size of fiscal expenditure to ensure the necessary expenditure intensity. Second, optimize the combination of government bond tools to better leverage the benefits of bonds. Third, improve the effectiveness of transfer payment funds and enhance the financial resources available to local governments independently. Fourth, continue to work hard to optimize the expenditure structure and strengthen the guarantee of key areas. Fifth, strengthen fiscal and financial coordination and amplify policy effectiveness. In the process of implementing fiscal policies, grasp the timing, intensity, and effectiveness, strengthen execution, and promote high-quality and sustainable development with solid and effective work. First, pay attention to front-loading efforts. Second, pay attention to careful calculation. Third, pay attention to preventing risks. Fourth, pay attention to policy evaluation. Fifth, pay attention to supervision and accountability.
(III) Main Fiscal Policies for 2026
1. Support the Construction of a Strong Domestic Market
Introduce and implement a package of fiscal and financial coordination policies to promote domestic demand. Optimize the implementation of personal consumption loan and service industry business entity loan interest subsidy policies, expand the scope of support, increase the upper limit of interest subsidies, and extend the implementation period. Implement interest subsidy policies for loans to small and medium-sized micro enterprises, establish a special guarantee plan for private investment, establish a risk-sharing mechanism to support private enterprise bonds, optimize the implementation of equipment renewal loan interest subsidy policies, further lower the financing threshold and cost for enterprises, and stimulate the vitality of private investment.
Greater efforts to boost consumption. Deeply implement special actions to boost consumption. Increase residents' income through multiple channels, strengthen redistribution adjustments such as taxation, social security, and transfer payments, and enhance consumption capacity. Support the trade-in of consumer goods, adjust and optimize the scope and standards of subsidies, continue to support the scrapping and replacement of automobiles, the trade-in of home appliances, and the purchase of new digital and smart products, and promote the expansion of commodity consumption. Promote the implementation of service consumption quality improvement and benefit-the-people actions, and support the development of new service consumption formats, new models, and new scenarios. Select some cities to carry out prize-winning invoice pilots to stimulate consumption potential in retail, catering, accommodation, cultural entertainment, tourism and other fields. Open duty-free shops in cities with qualified ports, support more high-quality merchants to become departure tax refund stores, and vigorously develop inbound consumption.
Focus on expanding effective investment. Coordinate the use of funds such as ultra-long-term special treasury bonds, special bonds, and central budget investment, focus on key areas such as new quality productive forces, new urbanization, and the comprehensive development of people, and improve investment quality and efficiency. Continue to arrange ultra-long-term special treasury bond funds for the construction of "two major projects." Improve the "negative list" of special bond investment areas.
Deepen the construction of a unified national market. Standardize tax preferential policies, adhere to the principle of tax legality to standardize fiscal subsidy policies, and increase supervision and inspection efforts. Standardize government procurement market order.
2. Support Accelerating the Cultivation and Growth of New Momentum
Promote industrial transformation and upgrading. Arrange ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support large-scale equipment renewal, and increase support for equipment renewal for small and medium-sized enterprises. Organize and implement the third batch of pilot cities for new technological transformation of manufacturing, and accelerate the large-scale application of digital and intelligent technologies and green technologies.
Promote the high-quality and efficient development of the service industry. Support the implementation of service industry capacity expansion and quality improvement actions, promote the extension of producer services to specialization and the high end of the value chain, and promote the high-quality, diversified, and convenient development of consumer services. Implement a new round of national comprehensive freight hub supplementary chain strengthening and upgrading actions, continue to organize and carry out demonstration projects for the digital transformation and upgrading of highway and waterway transportation infrastructure, deeply promote the construction of pilot cities for modern commercial and trade circulation systems, and accelerate the formation of a connected and efficient logistics and commercial and trade system.
Vigorously support the innovative development of enterprises. Strengthen the main position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. Comprehensively use tools such as taxation, special funds, government investment funds, and financing guarantees to support the development of high-tech enterprises and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises. Continue to implement fiscal reward and subsidy policies for specialized, refined, and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and guide enterprises to increase R&D investment. Deeply carry out urban pilot projects for the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy.
3. Accelerate High-Level Scientific and Technological Self-Reliance
Strengthen the guarantee of investment in scientific and technological innovation. Adhere to science and technology as a key area of fiscal investment, with central-level science and technology expenditures arranged at 426.4 billion yuan, an increase of 10%. Improve the diversified investment mechanism for scientific and technological innovation, give play to the guiding role of fiscal funds, and leverage more social capital and financial resources to invest in scientific and technological innovation. Optimize the management of fiscal science and technology funds and improve the effectiveness of science and technology investment. Improve the regional innovation system, support the construction of international science and technology innovation centers in Beijing (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei), Shanghai (Yangtze River Delta), and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and guide local governments to combine national strategic needs and local industrial development needs to create regional innovation highlands with their own characteristics.
Strengthen original innovation and key core technology breakthroughs. Support the forward-looking layout of major science and technology projects, and promote the accelerated organization and implementation of national science and technology major projects. Actively support the development of national laboratories and national key laboratories, and deepen the reform of scientific research institutes.
Promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Support the classified advancement of university reforms, accelerate the construction of world-class universities and advantageous disciplines with Chinese characteristics, intensify the implementation of basic disciplines and interdisciplinary breakthrough plans, strengthen the talent gathering and training functions of scientific research institutes and innovation platforms, and cultivate top-notch innovative talents. Deeply implement various science and technology talent plans, comprehensively cultivate, introduce, and use science and technology innovation talents, and accelerate the construction of national strategic talent forces.
4. Increase Efforts to Guarantee and Improve People's Livelihood
Deeply implement the employment-first strategy. The central government will arrange employment subsidy funds, improve the employment support and public service system, stabilize and expand employment for key groups such as college graduates, and strengthen assistance to rural migrant workers and people with employment difficulties. Continue to implement temporary measures such as stable job return, promote stable job expansion and quality improvement actions, expand the scale of employment, and improve the quality of employment. Deeply carry out large-scale vocational skills improvement training to cultivate more skilled talents. Encourage and support flexible employment personnel and new employment form personnel to participate in employee social insurance, and establish and improve the occupational injury protection system.
Promote education equity and quality improvement. The central general public budget will arrange 192.5 billion yuan for education expenditures, an increase of 5%. Improve free preschool education policies, promote the balanced development of compulsory education and the universal and inclusive development of high-quality preschool education, support the increase in the supply of ordinary high school places and the improvement of the school-running capacity of vocational schools, expand the enrollment scale of high-quality university undergraduate education, and further enhance the people's sense of educational gain. Implement student financial aid policies and provide assistance to students from families with financial difficulties.
Improve the service capacity and guarantee level of medical and health care. Deepen the reform of public hospitals oriented towards public welfare, and support the implementation of medical and health care strengthening projects. Promote the construction of a health and health talent team, and implement a high-level medical talent plan. Support the inheritance and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine. The per capita fiscal subsidy standard for basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents will be increased by another 24 yuan, reaching 724 yuan per person per year. Strengthen the comprehensive guarantee of the three-tier system of basic medical insurance, critical illness insurance, and medical assistance, and improve the multi-level medical security system.
Improve the social security system. Strengthen the construction of a multi-level and multi-pillar pension insurance system. Implement the childcare subsidy system well. Promote the construction of a hierarchical and classified social assistance system. Support the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, and strengthen emergency disaster relief guarantees.
Strengthen the social security system. Strengthen the construction of a multi-level and multi-pillar pension insurance system. Implement the childcare subsidy system effectively. Promote the construction of a tiered and classified social assistance system. Support disaster prevention and mitigation capacity building and strengthen emergency disaster relief support.
Support the development of culture and sports. Improve the public cultural service system and carry out basic public services such as national reading and public welfare film screenings. Deepen the implementation of the project for inheriting and developing outstanding traditional Chinese culture and strengthen the systematic protection of cultural heritage. Support the improvement of the quality of tourism public services and promote the deep integration of culture and tourism. Innovate the ways of supporting literary and artistic creation and production, and increase support and guidance for the creation of excellent content. Promote the deepening of the systematic reform and all-media communication of mainstream media, and enhance the effectiveness of international communication. Support the development of mass sports activities.
5. Promote the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.
Enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, quality, and efficiency. Strengthen support for arable land protection, seed industry revitalization, agricultural science and technology, and agricultural machinery equipment. Promote the construction of high-standard farmland in zones and categories with high quality. Intensify the implementation of a new round of action to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion kilograms, promote a large-scale increase in the yield per unit area of grain and oil crops, and comprehensively consolidate the foundation of national food security. Increase the interest compensation for major grain-producing areas, implement the inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation policy for producing and marketing areas, and mobilize the enthusiasm of major producing areas for growing grain.
Support the implementation of regular and precise assistance. Adjust the central government's subsidy funds for connecting rural revitalization to regular assistance funds, maintain the overall stability of the scale, and arrange 177 billion yuan in 2026 to focus on supporting industries, employment, and other assistance. Strengthen the tilted support for key assistance counties for rural revitalization and other underdeveloped areas, develop and strengthen the county economy, improve production and living conditions, and continue to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation.
Promote the construction of livable, business-friendly, and beautiful villages. Deeply study and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" Project (千万工程) (qiān wàn gōng chéng - "ten million project," refers to a rural revitalization strategy in Zhejiang Province), improve the diversified investment pattern of fiscal priority guarantee, financial key tilt, and active social participation, and promote rural revitalization in a classified and orderly manner and in zones. Accelerate the efforts to make up for the shortcomings of modern rural living conditions, and gradually improve the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of the living environment. Promote the deep integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, and improve the mechanism for connecting farmers and benefiting farmers.
6. Promote new urbanization and coordinated regional development.
Promote people-oriented new urbanization. Improve the fiscal transfer payment allocation mechanism to promote the equalization of basic public services. The central government has arranged 42 billion yuan in reward funds for the urbanization of agricultural transfer populations to support the provision of basic public services by the place of permanent residence. Implement policies such as special bonds to support the acquisition of existing commercial housing for use as guaranteed housing.
Enhance the coordination of regional development. Implement and improve regional fiscal and taxation policies, promote the implementation of major regional strategies such as the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀) region, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (长江经济带), the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区), the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta (长三角), and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin (黄河流域), and build Xiong'an New Area (雄安新区) to a high standard and high quality. Support the revitalization and development of old revolutionary areas, ethnic areas, border areas, and resource-exhausted cities. Implement the customs clearance operation cargo tax policy of the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港), introduce a pilot policy of "zero tariffs" on imported goods consumed by residents on the island, and create a new highland for opening up to the outside world. Encourage local governments to give full play to their advantages and strengths, and support major economic provinces to take the lead.
7. Accelerate the comprehensive green transformation.
Strengthen the comprehensive management of the ecological environment. The central government has arranged 122.9 billion yuan in transfer payments for key ecological function areas, an increase of 2%, to improve the level of basic public services in areas with important ecological functions. Focus on key areas and key areas to fight the tough battle to defend the blue sky, clear waters, and pure land. Deepen the construction of horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanisms in important river basins such as the Yangtze River (长江) and Yellow River (黄河). Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, continue to implement the "Mountains and Rivers Project," and carry out marine ecological protection and restoration and ecological restoration of historical abandoned mines. Promote the construction of a natural reserve system with national parks as the main body, support the scientific implementation of large-scale national land greening actions, and fight the tough battle of the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Project (三北防护林工程).
Actively and steadily promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Optimize government green procurement policies and increase the procurement of energy-saving and environmentally friendly products. Give play to the role of the National Green Development Fund and guide social capital to continuously increase investment in key areas such as environmental protection, clean energy, and green transportation. Vigorously support the development of renewable energy.
8. Do a good job in fiscal support for national defense, foreign affairs, and political and legal affairs.
(4) Estimated general public budget revenue and expenditure arrangements for 2026.
1. Central General Public Budget. The central general public budget revenue is 9,567 billion yuan, an increase of 1.8% compared with the 2025 execution number. Plus 100 billion yuan transferred from the central budget stabilization fund and 250 billion yuan transferred from the central state-owned capital operation budget, the total revenue is 9,917 billion yuan. The central general public budget expenditure is 15,007 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%. After offsetting the total revenue and expenditure, the central fiscal deficit is 5,090 billion yuan, an increase of 230 billion yuan compared with 2025, which will be made up by issuing national debt.
(1) The central government's own expenditure is 4,542 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5%.
(2) Transfer payments to local governments are 10,415 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2%.
(3) The central reserve fund is 50 billion yuan, the same as in 2025.
2. Local General Public Budget. The local general public budget revenue is 12,503 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4%. Plus 10,415 billion yuan of transfer payment revenue from the central government to local governments and 1,700 billion yuan of funds transferred in and used from carry-over and surplus funds from local finances, the total revenue is 24,618 billion yuan. The local general public budget expenditure is 25,418 billion yuan, an increase of 4%. The local fiscal deficit is 800 billion yuan, the same as in 2025, which will be made up by issuing local government general bonds.
3. National General Public Budget. Summarizing the central and local budgets, the national general public budget revenue is 22,070 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2%. Plus 205 billion yuan of funds transferred in and used from carry-over and surplus funds, the total revenue is 24,120 billion yuan. The national general public budget expenditure is 30,010 billion yuan (including the central reserve fund of 50 billion yuan), an increase of 4.4%. The deficit is 5,890 billion yuan, an increase of 230 billion yuan compared with 2025.
(5) Estimated government fund budget revenue and expenditure arrangements for 2026.
The central government fund budget revenue is 543.169 billion yuan, an increase of 7.4%. Plus 58.684 billion yuan of carry-over revenue from the previous year, 1.3 trillion yuan of revenue from ultra-long-term special national bonds, and 300 billion yuan of revenue from special national bonds for capital injection into central financial institutions, the total revenue is 2,201.853 billion yuan. The central government fund budget expenditure is 2,201.853 billion yuan.
The local government fund budget revenue is 526.4432 billion yuan, basically the same as the previous year. Plus 118.7295 billion yuan of transfer payment revenue from the central government fund budget to local governments and 440 billion yuan of local government special debt revenue, the total revenue is 1,085.1727 billion yuan. The local government fund budget expenditure is 1,085.1727 billion yuan, an increase of 6.5%.
Summarizing the central and local budgets, the national government fund budget revenue is 580.7601 billion yuan, an increase of 0.6%. Plus 5.8684 billion yuan of carry-over revenue from the previous year, 1.3 trillion yuan of revenue from ultra-long-term special national bonds, 300 billion yuan of revenue from special national bonds for capital injection into central financial institutions, and 440 billion yuan of local government special debt revenue, the total revenue is 1,186.6285 billion yuan. The national government fund budget expenditure is 1,186.6285 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1%.
(6) Estimated state-owned capital operation budget revenue and expenditure arrangements for 2026.
The central state-owned capital operation budget revenue is 371.632 billion yuan, a decrease of 4.8%, mainly due to the decline in profits of some central enterprises in 2025. Plus 25.991 billion yuan of carry-over revenue from the previous year, the total revenue is 397.623 billion yuan. The central state-owned capital operation budget expenditure is 147.623 billion yuan, an increase of 13.8%.
The local state-owned capital operation budget revenue is 424.982 billion yuan, a decrease of 8.5%, mainly due to the decline in profits of local state-owned enterprises in 2025. The local state-owned capital operation budget expenditure is 147.872 billion yuan, an increase of 6.8%.
Summarizing the central and local budgets, the national state-owned capital operation budget revenue is 796.614 billion yuan, a decrease of 6.8%. Plus 2.5991 billion yuan of carry-over revenue from the previous year, the total revenue is 822.605 billion yuan. The national state-owned capital operation budget expenditure is 292.117 billion yuan, an increase of 10.3%. 530.488 billion yuan is transferred to the general public budget.
(7) Estimated social insurance fund budget revenue and expenditure arrangements for 2026.
The central social insurance fund budget revenue is 33.895 billion yuan, a decrease of 11%, mainly due to the corresponding reduction in financial subsidies to the fund in 2026, taking into account the fund's accumulated surplus and other factors; the expenditure is 39.248 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5%.
The local social insurance fund budget revenue is 1,305.5074 billion yuan, an increase of 3.9%; the expenditure is 1,177.5173 billion yuan, an increase of 6%. Summarizing the central and local budgets, the national social insurance fund budget revenue is 1,308.9039 billion yuan, an increase of 3.9%. The national social insurance fund budget expenditure is 1,181.4421 billion yuan, an increase of 6%. The surplus of revenue and expenditure in the current year is 127.4618 billion yuan, and the accumulated surplus at the end of the year is 1,733.3618 billion yuan.
In 2026, the national debt limit is 48,550.835 billion yuan; the local government general debt limit is 18,868.922 billion yuan, and the special debt limit is 44,318.508 billion yuan.
III. Solidly do a good job in fiscal reform and development in 2026.
(1) Implement a more proactive fiscal policy.
(2) Adhere to the principle of frugality in Party and government organs.
(3) Improve the efficiency of the use of fiscal funds.
(4) Deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system.
(5) Safeguard the bottom line of "three guarantees" at the grassroots level.
(6) Strengthen the management of local government debt.
(7) Strictly enforce financial and economic discipline.
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopEntrusted by the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Vice Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, delivered an explanation on the "Environmental and Ecological Code of the People's Republic of China (Draft)" to the fourth session of the 14th NPC on March 5. The summary of the explanation is as follows:
I. The Great Significance of Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code
Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code is a major political and legislative task deployed by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) clearly proposed "compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code." The compilation of the Environmental and Ecological Code is to systematically integrate, compile, and refine the existing environmental and ecological legal system norms, forming a code that is guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, and has Chinese characteristics, reflects the characteristics of the times, reflects the people's will, and is systematically standardized and coordinated. This is a systematic and major legislative project.
The innovative development of ecological civilization construction since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, has laid a good practical, institutional, and social foundation for compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code. First, since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has regarded ecological civilization construction as a fundamental plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, carried out a series of pioneering works, with unprecedented determination, intensity, and effectiveness. Ecological civilization construction has undergone historic, transformative, and comprehensive changes from theory to practice, achieving major transformations from focusing on key rectification to systematic governance, from passively responding to taking the initiative, from participating in global environmental governance to leading it, and from practical exploration to scientific theoretical guidance. The construction of a beautiful China has taken major steps, and the achievements of ecological civilization construction in the new era are world-renowned, providing a practical foundation and valuable experience for compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code. Second, since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the environmental and ecological legal system has kept pace with the times, improved and developed, and achieved an overall "upgrade," achieving major achievements. The current effective 30-plus environmental and ecological laws, more than 100 administrative regulations, more than 1,000 local regulations, as well as related judicial interpretations, rules and regulations, and policy measures, provide guarantees for promoting ecological civilization construction through the rule of law, and also provide a solid foundation for compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code. Third, the concept that green mountains and clear waters are as good as mountains of gold and silver has taken root in people's hearts, and protecting the ecological environment and forming a green and low-carbon production and lifestyle have become a consensus of the whole society. The people have higher expectations for the quality of the ecological environment and hope to protect the ecological environment and promote green development with the strictest system and the strictest rule of law.
Entering a new era and embarking on a new journey, compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code will establish the theoretical, institutional, and practical achievements of ecological civilization construction since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in a codified manner, and improve the environmental and ecological legal system, which has great and far-reaching significance.
(I) Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code is an inevitable requirement for implementing Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization and promoting the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization is the theoretical sublimation and practical crystallization of our Party's unremitting exploration of ecological civilization construction, and it is a major achievement of combining the basic principles of Marxism with the practice of ecological civilization construction in China and with the excellent traditional Chinese ecological culture. This important thought originates from practice and guides practice, making comprehensive plans for the overall thinking, major principles, goals, tasks, and paths and methods of ecological civilization construction, providing fundamental guidelines and action guides for promoting ecological civilization construction in the new era. Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, which puts forward new and higher requirements for ecological civilization construction. At present, China's ecological civilization construction is simultaneously facing the two major strategic tasks of fundamentally improving the ecological environment and achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and is still in a critical period of superimposed pressure and heavy burden. The task of promoting the construction of a beautiful China and promoting the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature is still arduous. Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code, fully implementing Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, and systematically embodying the theoretical, institutional, and practical achievements of ecological civilization construction in the new era through codification, is conducive to further highlighting the guiding position of Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, ensuring that ecological civilization construction always advances in the correct direction, and is of great significance for comprehensively promoting the construction of a beautiful China and accelerating the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
(II) Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code is a necessary measure to adhere to the comprehensive rule of law and promote ecological civilization construction in the new era on the track of the rule of law.
Adhering to the comprehensive rule of law requires incorporating ecological civilization construction into the track of institutionalization and the rule of law, and ensuring good governance with good laws. China's environmental and ecological legal system provides a practical legal guarantee for ecological civilization construction, and has the characteristics of wide coverage, large volume, and rich content, involving both the environmental and ecological supervision and management system and mechanism and the basic supervision and management system, as well as the content of pollution prevention and control, ecological protection, and green and low-carbon development. Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code is not a simple compilation of laws, nor is it a completely new establishment, but a systematic integration, compilation, and refinement of China's existing environmental and ecological legal system mechanisms and rules and norms in a codified legislative manner, adapting to new situations and new requirements to carry out necessary institutional innovation, enhancing the systematicness, integrity, coordination, and timeliness of China's environmental and ecological legal system, and compiling a high-quality code that can stand the test of history and practice. This is of great significance for promoting the comprehensive rule of law, further promoting ecological civilization construction in the new era on the track of the rule of law, and better playing the guaranteeing role of the rule of law in consolidating the foundation, stabilizing expectations, and benefiting the long term.
(III) Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code is an objective requirement for implementing the new development concept and simultaneously promoting high-quality development and high-level protection.
Promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of economic and social development is a key link in achieving high-quality development and a fundamental solution to China's environmental and ecological problems. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "High-quality development and high-level protection are mutually reinforcing and complementary. High-level protection is an important support for high-quality development, and high-quality development with ecological priority and green and low-carbon development can only be achieved by relying on high-level protection." Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code is to stand at the height of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, comprehensively consider ecological and environmental factors such as atmosphere, water, and soil, adhere to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands, and synergistically promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth. It aims to address the common, comprehensive, or universal problems that restrict high-quality development and high-level protection in the environmental and ecological field, improve the general institutional norms in the environmental and ecological field, integrate and optimize the legal and institutional norms for pollution prevention and control, coordinate the legal and institutional norms for ecological protection, and make principled and leading provisions on green and low-carbon development, climate change response, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and improve the legal responsibility system in the environmental and ecological field. This is of great significance for implementing the new development concept and simultaneously promoting high-quality development and high-level protection, and will help to better achieve protection in development and development in protection.
(IV) Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code is an inevitable requirement for adhering to the people-centered development thought and enhancing people's well-being.
Ecological civilization construction is a major political issue related to the Party's mission and purpose, and a major social issue related to people's well-being. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "For human survival, mountains of gold and silver are certainly important, but green mountains and clear waters are an important part of people's happy life and cannot be replaced by money." As the main social contradiction in our country has been transformed into the contradiction between the people's growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, the people's needs for a beautiful ecological environment have become an important aspect of this contradiction. The construction of ecological civilization in the new era has achieved world-renowned achievements, and the quality of the ecological environment has continued to improve, but the task of ecological and environmental protection is still arduous, and in practice, we still face some new situations and new problems. Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code, actively adapting to new situations and new requirements, earnestly listening to the opinions and voices of the people, and focusing on providing legal guarantees for solving the outstanding environmental and ecological problems that the people strongly reflect, so that the achievements of the construction of a beautiful China can benefit all the people more and more fairly, is an inevitable requirement for practicing the Party's purpose, and is of great significance for continuously enhancing the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security.
(V) Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code is an inherent requirement for improving the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics and making the legal system more scientific, complete, unified, and authoritative.
The socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics is dynamic, open, and developing. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out in his important speech at the Central People's Congress Work Conference in 2021: "As the times progress and practice develops, new demands are constantly being made on the construction of the legal system, and the legal system must be improved in keeping with the times." Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code, adapting to the new requirements for the construction of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, is not only of great significance for improving the environmental and ecological legal system, but will also have a profound impact on promoting the continuous improvement of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. After the promulgation of the Environmental and Ecological Code, China will form an environmental and ecological legal system led by the Environmental and Ecological Code and jointly composed of relevant special laws, making the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics keep pace with the times and become more scientific, complete, unified, and authoritative.
II. Overall Requirements and Basic Principles for Compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code
The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core attaches great importance to the compilation of the Environmental and Ecological Code and has included the compilation of the Environmental and Ecological Code in the Party Central Committee's important work agenda. In order to do a good job in the compilation of the code, the Party Group of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress has successively requested instructions and reported to the Party Central Committee four times, reporting on the overall considerations, work arrangements, system structure, and important content of the compilation of the Environmental and Ecological Code. In March 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) presided over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, listened to and deliberated on and in principle agreed to the request of the Party Group of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on the draft of the Environmental and Ecological Code, and gave important instructions on the compilation of the Environmental and Ecological Code, providing guidance and compliance for the compilation of the Environmental and Ecological Code.
The guiding ideology for compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code is: to adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "two establishments," strengthen the "four consciousnesses," strengthen the "four confidences," and achieve the "two safeguards," thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, closely focus on coordinating the promotion of the "five-in-one" overall layout and coordinating the promotion of the "four comprehensives" strategic layout, focus on building a more complete socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics, building a socialist rule of law country with a higher level, summarize practical experience, adapt to the requirements of the times, simultaneously promote high-quality development and high-level protection, and comprehensively and systematically compile and revise the environmental and ecological legal system mechanisms and rules and norms in China's current pollution prevention and control, ecological protection, and green and low-carbon development, forming a code that is guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, and has Chinese characteristics, reflects the characteristics of the times, reflects the people's will, and is systematically standardized and coordinated, providing a complete environmental and ecological legal guarantee for comprehensively building a strong socialist modern country, achieving the second centenary goal, and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
To implement the above guiding ideology and effectively do a good job in compiling the Environmental and Ecological Code, the following basic principles must be followed: First, adhere to the correct political direction. Take Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization as the soul and outline of the compilation of the Environmental and Ecological Code, fully embody the core meaning, rich connotation, and practical requirements of this important thought, implement the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments on ecological civilization construction, implement Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, and give full play to the important role of the Environmental and Ecological Code in deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system and promoting the construction of a beautiful China. Second, adhere to the people-centered approach. A good ecological environment is the fairest public product and the most inclusive people's well-being. The compilation of the Environmental and Ecological Code must take meeting the people's needs for a beautiful ecological environment as the starting point and foothold, promote the solution of outstanding environmental and ecological problems that the people strongly reflect, actively respond to the people's new expectations and requirements for a good ecological environment, and realize, safeguard, and develop the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the people. Third, adhere to starting from the national conditions and reality. Based on the basic national conditions of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great practice of Chinese-style modernization, seek truth from facts, seek progress while maintaining stability, closely focus on the goal requirements of building a beautiful China with harmonious coexistence between man and nature, fully recognize and adapt to the new requirements of China's economic and social development entering a stage of high-quality development with accelerated greening and low-carbonization, systematically consider the actual needs of pollution prevention and control, ecological protection, green and low-carbon development, and international influence, both based on the present and looking to the long term, comprehensively sort out and summarize China's experience in ecological civilization construction, incorporate mature and accurate ones into the Environmental and Ecological Code, fully reflect the latest practical achievements in the environmental and ecological field, and enhance the pertinence, applicability, and operability of legal norms; for those that are not yet accurate and need to continue to explore practice, principled provisions can be made to maintain a certain degree of openness, compatibility, and adaptability of legal and institutional norms. Fourth, adhere to establishing a historical and global perspective. Draw on the wisdom and concepts contained in the excellent traditional Chinese ecological culture, and learn from the beneficial achievements of human ecological civilization rule of law construction, so that the Environmental and Ecological Code has distinctive Chinese characteristics and characteristics of the times, and contributes Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to global environmental and ecological governance. Fifth, adhere to scientific legislation, democratic legislation, and legislation according to law. Follow the laws of legislative work and the laws of code compilation, coordinate establishment, revision, and repeal, properly handle the coordination and unity of internal and external institutional norms of the Environmental and Ecological Code, and enhance the systematicness, integrity, coordination, and timeliness of China's environmental and ecological legal and institutional norms. Actively practice whole-process people's democracy, earnestly listen to opinions and suggestions from all parties, and widely gather legislative consensus.
III. Compilation Work of the Environmental and Ecological Code
III. Compilation of the Ecological Environment Code
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) resolutely implements the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the decision-making arrangements of the Party Central Committee, attaches great importance to the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code, and includes the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code in the Standing Committee's legislative plan and annual legislative work plan. Chairman Zhao Leji (赵乐际) has chaired several meetings of the Standing Committee's Party Leadership Group to study the work of compiling the Ecological Environment Code and the various draft versions of the Ecological Environment Code. An Ecological Environment Code Compilation Leading Group was established, with Vice Chairman Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠) as the leader, and the main responsible comrades of the NPC Constitution and Law Committee, the Environment and Resources Protection Committee, and the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee as deputy leaders. Relevant responsible comrades from the NPC Environment and Resources Protection Committee, the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (生态环境部), the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展和改革委员会), the Ministry of Justice (司法部), the Ministry of Natural Resources (自然资源部), the National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局), the Supreme People's Court (最高人民法院), the Supreme People's Procuratorate (最高人民检察院), the China Law Society (中国法学会), and other units serve as members, coordinating important issues in the compilation of the code. On November 3, 2023, Vice Chairman Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠) chaired a meeting of the Ecological Environment Code Compilation Leading Group, formally launching the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code. On November 7, 2023, a special working group meeting for the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code was held, announcing the establishment of a working group specifically responsible for drafting and compilation. The working group is led by the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the NPC, with the main responsible comrade of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the NPC as the leader of the working group, and relevant responsible comrades from the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the NPC and the Environment and Resources Protection Committee of the NPC as deputy leaders of the working group. It brings together the business backbone of the working bodies of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the NPC and the Environment and Resources Protection Committee of the NPC, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (生态环境部), the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展和改革委员会), the Ministry of Justice (司法部), the Ministry of Natural Resources (自然资源部), and the National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局), and also absorbs experts and scholars from relevant universities and research institutes to participate. At the same time, in order to better gather the wisdom of experts and scholars, in accordance with the spirit of the Ecological Environment Code Compilation Leading Group meeting, an Expert Committee for the Compilation of the Ecological Environment Code was established to provide think tank intellectual support for the compilation of the code.
After the official launch of the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code, the working group, under the leadership of the Standing Committee's Party Leadership Group, carried out the compilation work in a solid manner. It comprehensively and deeply studied Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on ecological civilization and the Party Central Committee's decision-making arrangements on ecological civilization construction, continuously followed up on the study of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) latest important speeches on ecological civilization construction, studied and grasped issues in the field of ecological environment from a global and strategic perspective, and implemented them into the research and compilation of the code. It widely collected and sorted out research materials from home and abroad, closely followed theoretical research results and practical developments at home and abroad, deeply studied the characteristics of the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code, actively communicated and exchanged with the ecological environment law academic community, and earnestly listened to the opinions and suggestions of relevant parties and experts and scholars through holding seminars, conducting research visits, and other methods. It conducted comprehensive and multi-faceted in-depth discussions, overall design, and program comparison on the chapter structure, key and difficult issues, and specific systems of the code. On this basis, draft versions of each compilation of the Ecological Environment Code (draft for soliciting opinions) were formed. After being reviewed by the Party Leadership Group of the Standing Committee of the NPC, they were sent to 132 units, including relevant central state organs, standing committees of people's congresses of various provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government), academic research institutions, and various special committees and working bodies of the NPC, to solicit opinions, and went to relevant localities to conduct research and listen to opinions. The working group further revised and improved the draft versions of each compilation of the code based on the feedback from all relevant parties, and closely communicated with relevant departments such as the member units of the Code Compilation Leading Group on some key issues to widely build consensus. After repeated research, revision, and improvement, the draft Ecological Environment Code was formed.
According to the work arrangements for the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code determined by the Party Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the NPC, in April 2025, the draft Ecological Environment Code was submitted to the 15th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee for its first review, which was an overall review of the draft. In September 2025, the 17th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee conducted a split review of the draft Ecological Environment Code, that is, the second review of the first compilation "General Provisions," the third compilation "Ecological Protection," and the fourth compilation "Green and Low-Carbon Development." In October 2025, the 18th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee continued to conduct a split review of the draft Ecological Environment Code, that is, the second review of the second compilation "Pollution Prevention and Control" and the fifth compilation "Legal Liability and Supplementary Provisions." In December 2025, after being reported to the Party Central Committee for approval in principle, the draft compilations that had been split for review and revised and improved were re-combined into a whole to form a complete third review draft of the Ecological Environment Code. The 19th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee conducted a third review of the draft Ecological Environment Code and decided to submit it to the Fourth Session of the 14th NPC for deliberation.
After the draft Ecological Environment Code was reviewed by the Standing Committee of the NPC, including overall review and split review, it was published to the public through the China NPC website to solicit public opinions; at the same time, it solicited the opinions of NPC deputies through the representative work platform, and solicited the opinions of relevant departments, localities, research institutions, and grassroots legislative liaison points. Research was conducted in many places to listen to opinions and suggestions, and special seminars were organized many times on key and difficult issues to listen to the opinions and suggestions of relevant parties. After the third review of the draft Ecological Environment Code by the Standing Committee of the NPC, the General Office of the Standing Committee of the NPC printed and distributed the draft to NPC deputies, organized and deployed NPC deputies to study and discuss it, and solicited opinions. All parties generally believe that the draft Ecological Environment Code comprehensively implements Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, especially Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on ecological civilization, fully embodies and reflects the theoretical, institutional, and practical achievements of ecological civilization construction in the new era, has a reasonable structure and rich content, is pragmatic and feasible, leaves necessary space for the adjustment of institutions and their responsibilities, and handles the relationship with relevant laws well, with distinct characteristics of the times and Chinese characteristics.
On January 30, 2026, the NPC Constitution and Law Committee held a meeting to further revise and improve the draft Ecological Environment Code based on the review opinions of the Standing Committee of the NPC, the opinions put forward in the deputies' study and discussion, and the opinions of all parties. The NPC Constitution and Law Committee believes that after multiple meetings of the Standing Committee of the NPC, extensive solicitation of opinions, and repeated revisions and improvements, the draft Ecological Environment Code has fully absorbed the opinions and suggestions of all parties and is relatively mature. Accordingly, the "Ecological Environment Code of the People's Republic of China (Draft)" was formed for submission to this meeting for deliberation.
IV. Main Contents of the Draft Ecological Environment Code
Taking into account the ecological environment legal system, the current status of theoretical research, and work practice, the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code has adopted a moderately codified model, and the compilation work is handled in three categories, with the specific considerations being: The first category is to incorporate all 10 laws, including the current Environmental Protection Law, Environmental Impact Assessment Law, Cleaner Production Promotion Law, Marine Environmental Protection Law, Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Solid Waste Pollution Environmental Prevention and Control Law, Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law, and Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control Law, into the Ecological Environment Code after compilation and revision. After the promulgation of the Code, the above laws will no longer be retained. The second category is to select the main points and principles of the current legal system norms related to ecological elements and ecosystems such as river basins, regions, natural resources, and biodiversity, and circular economy and energy conservation, and incorporate them into or reflect them in the Ecological Environment Code. The current laws in these areas mainly include the Forest Law, Grassland Law, Wetland Protection Law, Island Protection Law, Land Management Law, Black Soil Protection Law, Mineral Resources Law, Water Law, Fisheries Law, Sea Area Use Management Law, Deep Seabed Area Resources Exploration and Development Law, Wildlife Protection Law, National Park Law, Yangtze River Protection Law, Yellow River Protection Law, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Protection Law, Soil and Water Conservation Law, Sand Prevention and Control Law, as well as the Circular Economy Promotion Law, Energy Law, Energy Conservation Law, and Renewable Energy Law. These laws will continue to be retained after the promulgation of the Ecological Environment Code. Therefore, the relevant provisions of the Code need to be coordinated and maintain a certain degree of openness and compatibility. The third category is to consider the legal needs in areas such as climate change response, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and green and low-carbon development, while no special laws have been formulated in these areas. Compiling the Ecological Environment Code should make some principled and leading provisions in this regard, to determine principles, lay the foundation, and leave space for the construction and practical development of relevant laws and regulations in China in the future, to reflect the era and forward-looking nature of the Code.
The "Ecological Environment Code of the People's Republic of China (Draft)" has a total of 5 compilations and 1242 articles, with each compilation in the following order: General Provisions, Pollution Prevention and Control, Ecological Protection, Green and Low-Carbon Development, Legal Liability and Supplementary Provisions.
(I) General Provisions Compilation
The first compilation, "General Provisions," stipulates important legal principles and basic, comprehensive, and universal legal systems in the field of ecological environment, leading the other compilations. In principle, the general system norms applicable to the second compilation "Pollution Prevention and Control," the third compilation "Ecological Protection," and the fourth compilation "Green and Low-Carbon Development," such as planning, standards, monitoring, impact assessment, and emergency response to sudden ecological environment events in the field of ecological environment, are refined and summarized in the first compilation "General Provisions." At the same time, attention is paid to handling the relationship with relevant laws, compiling the main contents of the current Environmental Protection Law and Environmental Impact Assessment Law into the first compilation "General Provisions," and absorbing the relevant new system contents stipulated in the newly formulated and revised laws in recent years, such as the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Yellow River Protection Law, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Protection Law. In addition, the first compilation "General Provisions" actively summarizes the practical experience in ecological environment protection work, and raises the practices that are widely recognized and relatively mature to legal provisions, reflecting the practicality of the Code.
The first compilation has a total of 9 chapters and 147 articles, with the main contents being:
1. Regarding Basic Provisions. The first chapter, "Basic Provisions," of the first compilation mainly includes: First, it clarifies the legislative purpose of the Ecological Environment Code and stipulates the goal requirements of "comprehensively promoting the construction of a beautiful China, accelerating the promotion of the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and realizing the sustainable development of the Chinese nation" (Article 1 of the draft). Second, it stipulates the definition of ecological environment, the scope of application of the Code, the leadership of the Party, and basic national policies (Articles 2 to 5 of the draft). Third, it establishes the basic principles of ecological environment protection, namely, prevention first, systematic governance, ecological priority, green development, public participation, and liability for damage (Article 6 of the draft). Fourth, it stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of all aspects of ecological environment protection, commendations and rewards, international cooperation, and other contents (Articles 7 to 14 of the draft). In addition, special provisions are made for the National Ecology Day (Article 15 of the draft), and the current Environmental Protection Law's provision that "June 5 every year is Environment Day" is no longer retained.
2. Regarding Supervision and Management. The second chapter, "Supervision and Management," of the first compilation mainly includes: First, the supervision and management system and working mechanism, including the responsibilities of the government and relevant departments, the responsibility list system, the river and lake chief system and the forest chief system, the coordination and linkage mechanism, the joint protection and coordination mechanism across administrative regions, the ecological security work coordination mechanism, and information sharing (Section 1, Chapter 2 of the first compilation of the draft). Second, the supervision and management system mainly stipulates the general norms of the ecological environment supervision system, including the target responsibility system and assessment and evaluation system, ecological environment protection supervision, people's congress supervision, ecological environment justice, law enforcement cooperation of relevant organs, natural resource asset departure audit, main functional area system, resource total amount management and comprehensive conservation system, natural resource asset property rights system and management system, ecological product value realization mechanism, three-water coordination and water resource rigid constraint system, biodiversity protection, natural protected area system, regional and river basin protection, comprehensive management of key sea areas, agricultural ecological environment protection, on-site inspection, administrative enforcement, and ecological environment credit supervision system (Section 2, Chapter 2 of the first compilation of the draft).
3. Regarding Planning and Ecological Environment Zoning Control. The third chapter, "Planning and Ecological Environment Zoning Control," of the first compilation mainly stipulates the planning system, the procedural requirements for planning preparation, the ecological protection red line management system, and the ecological environment zoning control system.
4. Regarding Standards and Monitoring. The fourth chapter, "Standards and Monitoring," of the first compilation mainly stipulates the standard system in the field of ecological environment, ecological environment benchmarks, and the ecological environment monitoring system.
5. Regarding Ecological Environment Impact Assessment. The fifth chapter, "Ecological Environment Impact Assessment," of the first compilation is divided into three sections: General Provisions, Ecological Environment Impact Assessment of Planning, and Ecological Environment Impact Assessment of Construction Projects. It incorporates the relevant contents of the current Environmental Protection Law and the contents of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, and makes the following important revisions and improvements with full consideration of practical development: First, greenhouse gas emissions are included in the ecological environment impact assessment management (Article 82 of the draft). Second, technical units engaged in ecological environment impact assessment business are required to carry out business independently, objectively, and fairly in accordance with the law, establish and improve the quality control system, and key personnel should have relevant professional and technical levels and work experience; a record-filing management system is implemented for technical units and supervision and management is strengthened (Article 99 of the draft). Third, the specific circumstances under which the ecological environment authorities will not approve the ecological environment impact report (form) are clarified (Article 105 of the draft). Fourth, a provision is added stipulating that ecological environment protection countermeasures and measures proposed in the ecological environment impact report (form) and the approval opinions of the approving department should be implemented during the operation of the construction project (Article 108 of the draft).
6. Regarding Ecological Protection Compensation. The sixth chapter, "Ecological Protection Compensation," of the first compilation stipulates the institutional mechanism of ecological protection compensation, including fiscal vertical compensation, horizontal compensation between regions, and market mechanism compensation.
7. Regarding Emergency Response to Sudden Ecological Environment Events. The seventh chapter, "Emergency Response to Sudden Ecological Environment Events," of the first compilation stipulates the overall requirements for emergency response to sudden ecological environment events, the emergency response responsibility system, monitoring and early warning, notification, and emergency linkage.
8. Regarding Safeguard Measures. The eighth chapter, "Safeguard Measures," of the first compilation mainly stipulates the financial, tax, price, procurement, financial, and industrial safeguard measures related to ecological environment protection.
9. Regarding Information Disclosure and Public Participation. The ninth chapter, "Information Disclosure and Public Participation," of the first compilation mainly stipulates the government's ecological environment information disclosure system, the ecological environment information disclosure system of enterprises, institutions, and other production and business operators, as well as ensuring public participation and encouraging public supervision.
(II) Pollution Prevention and Control Compilation
The second compilation, "Pollution Prevention and Control," systematically integrates, compiles, revises, and optimizes the provisions on pollution prevention and control in the current Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Solid Waste Pollution Environmental Prevention and Control Law, Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control Law, and Environmental Protection Law, and Marine Environmental Protection Law. First, the common pollution prevention and control systems stipulated in the current laws are summarized and refined into general rules and general provisions, and the mature pollution prevention and control experience that has proven to be effective in practice is raised to the level of legal system provisions. Second, in terms of structure, the three major pollution prevention and control battles of defending blue skies, clear waters, and pure land are considered first, followed by the treatment of solid waste, noise, and radioactive pollution sources, and then targeted system provisions are made for pollution prevention and control issues in new fields such as chemical substances, electromagnetic radiation, and light.
The second compilation has a total of 9 sub-compilations, 36 chapters, and 526 articles, with the main contents being:
Division 2 consists of 9 subdivisions, 36 chapters, and 526 articles, with the following main content:
1. Regarding General Provisions. The first subdivision of Division 2 stipulates the general provisions, divided into 2 chapters: "General Provisions" and "Pollutant Discharge Permit Management." The main contents include: First, summarizing and refining the common system of pollution prevention and control, requiring units and individuals that discharge pollutants to take effective measures to prevent and control pollution (Draft Article 150), emphasizing that the discharge of pollutants should comply with pollutant discharge standards, total emission control targets for key pollutants, pollutant discharge permit management, and relevant laws, regulations, and rules (Draft Article 151), prohibiting the discharge of pollutants by evading supervision (Draft Article 164), strengthening agricultural and rural pollution prevention and control (Draft Articles 170 and 171), and stipulating pollution prevention and control responsibility system, pollutant discharge standards, total emission control system for key pollutants, the "three simultaneous" system, and requirements for the setting and use of pollutant discharge outlets (Draft Articles 152 to 158, 162, and 163, etc.). Second, adding provisions on the overall requirements for pollution prevention and control (Draft Article 149), adding provisions on the state's establishment and improvement of a fixed pollution source supervision and management system with the pollutant discharge permit system as the core, and making provisions on specific systems for pollutant discharge permit management such as classified management (Draft Chapter 2 of Division 2). At the same time, increasing the requirements for strengthening the systematic management of areas with prominent agricultural non-point source pollution (Draft Article 172, etc.).
2. Regarding Air Pollution Prevention and Control. The second subdivision of Division 2 stipulates air pollution prevention and control, divided into 4 chapters: "General Provisions," "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Measures," "Joint Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Areas," and "Response to Heavily Polluted Weather." On the basis of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the draft mainly makes the following revisions and improvements: First, clarifying that the prevention and control of air pollution should adjust the transportation structure (Draft Article 189). Second, encouraging and supporting the use of ultra-low emission and other technologies to reduce the emission of air pollutants (Draft Article 212). Third, strengthening the prevention and control of volatile organic compound air pollution, and adding the formulation of volatile organic compound content limit standards, low volatile organic compound content labeling system, etc. (Draft Articles 213 and 215). Fourth, strengthening the prevention and control of air pollution from motor vehicles, ships, non-road mobile machinery, etc., strengthening the prevention and control of air pollution from heavy-duty trucks and the supervision of emission inspection fraud of motor vehicles, ships, non-road mobile machinery, etc., and clarifying the supervision and inspection requirements for the air pollutant emission status of ships (Draft Section 3 of Chapter 4 of Division 2). Fifth, adding provisions that local people's governments at all levels should scientifically and accurately strengthen the organization, guidance, and management of straw, fallen leaves, and other burning, and clarifying the prohibition of open burning of straw, fallen leaves, and other substances that generate smoke and dust pollution in densely populated areas, around airports, near transportation trunk lines, and other areas and stipulated periods designated by the people's governments at or above the provincial level (Draft Article 246). Sixth, solving the problems of oil fumes and odors at the "doorstep" of the people, and adding requirements for planning and site selection (Draft Articles 249 and 250).
3. Regarding Water Pollution Prevention and Control. The third subdivision of Division 2 stipulates water pollution prevention and control, divided into 4 chapters: "General Provisions," "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Measures," "Protection of Drinking Water Sources and Other Special Water Bodies," and "Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Key Basins." On the basis of the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the draft mainly makes the following revisions and improvements: First, strengthening the setting and management of sewage outlets into rivers, improving the approval of setting sewage outlets into rivers, and adding requirements for strictly controlling the setting of sewage outlets into rivers, investigating and rectifying sewage outlets into rivers, and monitoring shared sewage outlets into rivers (Draft Articles 275 to 278). Second, strengthening groundwater pollution prevention and control, and adding provisions on groundwater status investigation and evaluation, key areas for groundwater pollution prevention and control, etc. (Draft Articles 284 to 290). Third, clarifying the promotion of rural toilet renovation in accordance with local conditions, and adding provisions that county-level people's governments organize and determine densely populated areas for free-range livestock and poultry in their administrative regions (Draft Articles 305 and 309). Fourth, further strengthening the prevention and control of water pollution from ships entering inland rivers, and adding requirements for monitoring, supervision, and joint supervision and management by multiple departments (Draft Articles 314 and 315, etc.). Fifth, adding a chapter on "Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Key Basins," stipulating that the state should strengthen the comprehensive management, systematic management, and source management of water pollution in key basins, and promote integrated protection of basins (Draft Chapter 10 of Division 2).
4. Regarding Marine Pollution Prevention and Control. The fourth subdivision of Division 2 stipulates marine pollution prevention and control, divided into 5 chapters: "General Provisions," "Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution from Land-Based Pollutants," "Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution from Construction Projects," "Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution from Waste Dumping," and "Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution from Ships," which are compiled on the basis of the relevant provisions of the Marine Environmental Protection Law.
5. Regarding Soil Pollution Prevention and Control. The fifth subdivision of Division 2 stipulates soil pollution prevention and control, divided into 3 chapters: "General Provisions," "Soil Pollution Prevention," and "Soil Pollution Risk Control and Remediation." On the basis of the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the draft mainly makes the following revisions and improvements: First, clarifying that soil pollution prevention and control should ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products and the safety of human living environment (Draft Article 396). Second, clarifying that soil pollution status surveys should be completed before the time limit determined by the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government (Draft Article 454), and authorizing the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government to stipulate specific management requirements for plots in the soil pollution risk control and remediation list (Draft Article 456).
6. Regarding Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control. The sixth subdivision of Division 2 stipulates solid waste pollution prevention and control, divided into 5 chapters: "General Provisions," "Industrial Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control," "Domestic Waste Pollution Prevention and Control," "Construction Waste, Agricultural Solid Waste, etc. Pollution Prevention and Control," and "Hazardous Waste Pollution Prevention and Control." On the basis of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste, the draft mainly makes the following revisions and improvements: First, adding provisions that the competent environmental protection department of the State Council shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, formulate control standards for the content of toxic and harmful substances in industrial solid waste (Draft Article 472). Second, clarifying that if solid waste is transferred out of the provincial administrative region for utilization, relevant information should be submitted in advance through the solid waste pollution prevention and control information platform, etc. (Draft Article 476). Third, changing "the state gradually realizes zero import of solid waste" to "the state implements zero import of solid waste" (Draft Article 478). Fourth, in response to the prominent problems of construction waste pollution prevention and control, adding provisions on the joint management system, etc. (Draft Article 518, etc.).
7. Regarding Noise Pollution Prevention and Control. The seventh subdivision of Division 2 stipulates noise pollution prevention and control, divided into 5 chapters: "General Provisions," "Industrial Noise Pollution Prevention and Control," "Construction Noise Pollution Prevention and Control," "Transportation Noise Pollution Prevention and Control," and "Social Life Noise Pollution Prevention and Control." On the basis of the Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the draft strengthens the prevention and control of construction noise pollution and solves the noise problems at the "doorstep" of the people (Draft Articles 570 and 571).
8. Regarding Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control. The eighth subdivision of Division 2 stipulates radioactive pollution prevention and control, divided into 5 chapters: "General Provisions," "Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control of Nuclear Facilities," "Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control of Nuclear Technology Utilization," "Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control of Uranium (Thorium) Ore and Associated Radioactive Mineral Development and Utilization," and "Radioactive Waste Pollution Prevention and Control." On the basis of the Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the draft mainly makes the following revisions and improvements: First, clarifying the conditions for obtaining the qualification of radioactive pollution monitoring institutions (Draft Article 611). Second, adding provisions that the state establishes a radioactive pollution prevention and control system that conforms to the characteristics of controlled thermonuclear fusion and promotes nuclear fusion applications (Draft Article 613). Third, improving the environmental impact assessment system for nuclear facilities (Draft Article 616). Fourth, adding provisions on the classified management system for radioactive isotopes and radiation devices (Draft Article 622, etc.). Fifth, adding provisions on the list of radiation environment management for the development and utilization of associated radioactive minerals (Draft Article 630, etc.). Sixth, coordinating with the Atomic Energy Law, Nuclear Safety Law, etc., and improving the radioactive waste pollution prevention and control system (Draft Article 635, etc.).
9. Regarding Risk Control of Chemical Substance Pollution, Prevention and Control of Electromagnetic Radiation and Light Pollution. The ninth subdivision of Division 2 is divided into 3 chapters: "Risk Control of Chemical Substance Pollution," "Prevention and Control of Electromagnetic Radiation Pollution," and "Prevention and Control of Light Pollution." This subdivision is compiled according to the new situation and actual needs, based on the present and looking to the future, incorporating mature and accurate content, and making principled provisions for those that still need to be explored: First, strengthening the risk control of chemical substance pollution, establishing a collaborative governance and environmental risk control system for new pollutants, etc. (Draft Chapter 34 of Division 2). Second, the supervision and management system for the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation pollution, product electromagnetic radiation limits, classified management of electromagnetic radiation facilities, etc. (Draft Chapter 35 of Division 2). Third, the supervision and management system for the prevention and control of light pollution, product light limits, zoning management for the prevention and control of light pollution, etc. (Draft Chapter 36 of Division 2).
(III) Ecological Protection Division
The third division, "Ecological Protection," emphasizes full protection of ecological systems such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, islands, rivers, lakes, and deserts, in accordance with the relationship between coordinating economic development and ecological protection and achieving a win-win situation for high-quality development and high-level protection; and clarifies the overall planning of resource protection and sustainable utilization of land resources, mineral resources, water resources, fishery resources, and other natural resources. This kind of systematic design not only reflects the dialectical unity of high-quality development and high-level protection, but also respects the respective characteristics of different ecological elements, which helps to better realize protection in development and development in protection.
Division 3 consists of 7 chapters and 264 articles, with the following main content:
1. Regarding General Provisions. Chapter 1 "General Provisions" of Division 3 stipulates the general and principled content of the ecological protection division, which is the "general outline" of the ecological protection division. Among them, it highlights the protection of ecosystems, clarifying that the state strengthens the protection of ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, islands, rivers, lakes, deserts, snow-capped mountains and glaciers, and cultivated land, and promotes the implementation of major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems (Draft Article 677); highlights the conservation and intensive use of natural resources, clarifying that the state coordinates resource protection and development and utilization, and improves the level of natural resource protection and rational utilization (Draft Article 678); highlights biodiversity protection, strengthens the protection of germplasm resources, the protection and shared benefits of biological genetic resources, and prevents the invasion of alien species (Draft Articles 682 to 685); emphasizes that ecological restoration should respect natural laws and follow the principles of planting trees where suitable, planting grass where suitable, planting sand where suitable, and leaving barren land where suitable (Draft Article 691); in response to the problem of improper selection of greening tree and grass species that harms human health, it clarifies that urban and rural greening should be adapted to local conditions and scientifically select greening tree and grass species (Draft Article 692); emphasizes that the state adheres to the principles of equality, mutual benefit, cooperation, and win-win results, and supports international exchanges and cooperation in all aspects of ecological protection (Draft Article 696).
2. Regarding Ecosystem Protection. Chapter 2 "Ecosystem Protection" of Division 3 mainly integrates and stipulates the content related to ecological protection in the Forest Law (森林法), Grassland Law (草原法), Wetland Protection Law (湿地保护法), Marine Environmental Protection Law (海洋环境保护法), and Island Protection Law (海岛保护法), and at the same time adds special provisions for river, lake, and desert ecosystems to enhance the diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems. It is divided into six sections: forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans and islands, rivers and lakes, and deserts. First, in accordance with the principle of selecting the main points and essentials, the provisions on ecosystem protection in the current Forest Law, Grassland Law, Wetland Protection Law, Marine Environmental Protection Law, Island Protection Law, and other laws are incorporated into the code and revised and improved (Draft Sections 1 to 4 of Chapter 2 of Division 3). Second, a special section on rivers and lakes is set up, clarifying that the state strengthens the protection of ecological water use, zoning management of water areas and shorelines, and protection of aquatic organisms in rivers and lakes to consolidate and enhance the functions of river and lake ecosystems (Draft Section 5 of Chapter 2 of Division 3). Third, a special section on deserts is set up, clarifying that while adhering to sand prevention and control, the protection of desert ecosystems should be strengthened to give play to the multiple functions of desert ecosystems such as wind prevention and sand fixation, climate regulation, hydrological regulation, soil conservation, and maintenance of biodiversity (Draft Section 6 of Chapter 2 of Division 3).
3. Regarding Natural Resource Protection and Sustainable Utilization. Chapter 3 "Natural Resource Protection and Sustainable Utilization" of Division 3 emphasizes "development in protection and protection in development," strengthening the rational utilization of resources while doing a good job in protection, so that high-quality development and high-level protection complement each other and promote each other. It is divided into five sections: land resources, mineral resources, water resources, fishery resources, and other natural resources. In terms of land resources, it clarifies that the state adheres to the strictest cultivated land protection system and the strictest land saving and intensive use system, and strictly adheres to the red line of cultivated land protection (Draft Article 759); implements integrated protection of the quantity, quality, and ecology of cultivated land (Draft Article 764), implements special protection for permanent basic farmland (Draft Article 766), and strengthens black soil protection (Draft Article 767). In terms of mineral resources, it clarifies that the state encourages and supports the green and low-carbon transformation and development of the mining industry and strengthens the construction of green mines (Draft Article 771). In terms of water resources, it requires overall consideration of protection, development, utilization, water conservation, and prevention and control of water disasters (Draft Article 778); emphasizes that the state vigorously promotes water conservation, develops water-saving industries, agriculture, and service industries, and comprehensively builds a water-saving society (Draft Articles 779 and 793); clarifies that the state establishes and improves the water resources demonstration system for construction projects and related planning involving water resource development and utilization (Draft Article 788). In terms of fishery resources, it clarifies that fishery production should adhere to aquaculture as the main focus and moderate fishing to realize the protection and sustainable utilization of fishery resources (Draft Article 794). In addition, it also stipulates the development and utilization management of other natural resources such as forests, grasslands, wild animals, and marine resources (Draft Section 5 of Chapter 3 of Division 3).
4. Regarding Species Protection. Chapter 4 "Species Protection" of Division 3 mainly integrates the provisions of the Wildlife Protection Law (野生动物保护法), the Regulations on the Protection of Wild Plants (野生植物保护条例), and the Measures for the Management of Invasive Alien Species (外来入侵物种管理办法), etc., and is divided into three sections: wild animal protection, wild plant protection, and prevention and control of invasive alien species, stipulating the classification and grading protection of wild animals and plants, and the classification and grading management of invasive alien species (Draft Articles 812, 833, and 846); strengthening the habitat protection, shelter and rescue, release management, and harm response of wild animals (Draft Articles 815, 822, 823, and 828); taking measures such as in-situ conservation, ex-situ conservation, establishment of germplasm resource banks, and wild return to strengthen the protection of wild plants and their growing environment (Draft Articles 832, 834 to 836); clarifying that the state improves the prevention and control system for invasive alien species and severely cracks down on illegal introduction of alien species (Draft Article 844).
5. Regarding the protection of important geographical units. Chapter 5 of Part Three, "Protection of Important Geographical Units," integrates and stipulates the relevant content of legislation on nature reserves and important river basins and regions such as the Yangtze River (长江), Yellow River (黄河), and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原), and is divided into two sections: "Nature Reserves" and "Important River Basins and Regions such as the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." Among them, there is currently no special legislation for nature reserves. According to the National Park Law, the "Regulations on Nature Reserves," and relevant central documents, it stipulates the classification and grading management, establishment and adjustment, zoning control, joint construction of parks and land, social sharing, and ecological restoration of nature reserves (Draft Articles 859 to 865), as well as the seasonal differential control of national parks and nature reserves (Draft Article 868). At the same time, the second section not only stipulates the common system for ecological protection of important river basins and regions (Draft Articles 870 to 875), but also makes special requirements for important river basins such as the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and other major rivers and lakes (Draft Articles 876 to 881) and important regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Hainan Island (海南岛), Qinling Mountains (秦岭), and the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Project Construction Area (三北防护林体系工程建设区) (Draft Articles 882 to 887).
6. Regarding the prevention and control of ecological degradation. Chapter 6 of Part Three, "Prevention and Control of Ecological Degradation," integrates the relevant provisions of the Soil and Water Conservation Law and the Desertification Prevention and Control Law, and is divided into two sections: Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Prevention and Control. Among them, in terms of soil and water conservation, it is required to strengthen monitoring, take prevention and control measures, strictly control soil erosion caused by human activities, and strengthen the construction of key soil and water conservation projects (Draft Articles 893 to 899). In terms of desertification prevention and control, it is required to strengthen comprehensive desertification prevention and control, strictly manage activities in areas where desertified land is located, and establish a system of closed protection zones for desertified land (Draft Articles 910 to 915 and 918).
7. Regarding ecological restoration. Chapter 7 of Part Three, "Ecological Restoration," mainly summarizes and refines the general rules and regulations on ecological restoration from central documents and current legislation, including the planning and preparation, monitoring and supervision, project acceptance, post-management, and effectiveness evaluation of ecological restoration (Draft Articles 923 to 928 and 937), and at the same time, makes specific provisions for the ecological restoration of forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, rivers and lakes and estuaries, and mining areas (Draft Articles 931 to 936).
(4) Part Four: Green and Low-Carbon Development
The current Cleaner Production Promotion Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Energy Law, Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law and other laws involving environmental resource economics, as well as the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress's resolution on actively responding to climate change, have played an important role in promoting the green and low-carbon development of the economy and society. Based on this, Part Four, "Green and Low-Carbon Development," further combines with practical needs, focuses on important areas and key links of green and low-carbon development closely related to ecological and environmental protection, and establishes and improves relevant legal systems for green and low-carbon development.
Part Four has 4 chapters and 114 articles, and the main contents are:
1. Regarding general provisions. Chapter 1 of Part Four stipulates the overall requirements and relevant systems for green and low-carbon development. First, it clarifies the scope of application of this part (Draft Article 938). Second, it clarifies the overall requirements for green and low-carbon development, as well as the goal orientation of green and low-carbon development in important areas such as the development of a circular economy, energy conservation and green and low-carbon transformation, and response to climate change (Draft Articles 939 to 942). Third, it clarifies the relevant requirements for green and low-carbon development involving the implementation of major regional strategies, industrial development, transportation, construction of buildings, agriculture and rural areas, etc. (Draft Articles 943 to 947). Fourth, it clarifies that the state establishes and improves a green and low-carbon standard system, and makes provisions for the implementation of green and low-carbon product standards (Draft Article 948). Fifth, it stipulates the relevant responsibilities and obligations of different subjects such as state organs and other public institutions, enterprises, and citizens that use fiscal funds to practice green and low-carbon production and lifestyles (Draft Article 949). Sixth, it clarifies the investment, fiscal, and financial support measures for green and low-carbon development, as well as the relevant requirements for scientific and technological support and guarantee and strengthening international cooperation (Draft Articles 950 to 952).
2. Regarding the development of a circular economy. Chapter 2 of Part Four stipulates the relevant legal systems for the development of a circular economy. This chapter systematically integrates the relevant systems of the current Cleaner Production Promotion Law and Circular Economy Promotion Law, and coordinates with the provisions on the prevention and control of solid waste pollution in Part Two, "Pollution Prevention and Control." At the same time, it further enriches and improves the relevant provisions on waste recycling and green consumption. Based on the relevant current laws, the following main modifications and improvements have been made: First, it clarifies the relevant requirements for the development of the resource recycling industry, and extends producer responsibility as an important institutional measure for developing a circular economy (Draft Articles 956 and 959). Second, it optimizes the cleaner production system and improves the relevant provisions on the application of audit results, mandatory audits, green design, and green packaging (Draft Articles 966, 967, 972, and 973). Third, it enriches the waste recycling system, increases the recycling of new types of waste and low-value recyclables, as well as the processing and utilization of recycled metals and the promotion and application of recycled materials (Draft Articles 979, 985, 986, and 990). Fourth, it establishes and improves a green consumption system, increases green consumption incentive mechanisms, government green procurement, and the circulation and transaction of second-hand goods, and clarifies the relevant obligations of citizens and enterprises (Draft Articles 992, 994, 995, and 999 to 1001).
3. Regarding energy conservation and green and low-carbon transformation. Chapter 3 of Part Four stipulates the relevant legal systems for energy conservation and green and low-carbon transformation. Based on the current Energy Law, Energy Conservation Law, and Renewable Energy Law, the draft mainly makes the following modifications and improvements: First, it adapts to actual needs and changes in the development situation of renewable energy, clarifies the principles of green and low-carbon energy development, and improves the relevant provisions on the utilization of renewable energy in rural areas (Draft Articles 1002 and 1006). Second, it improves the energy conservation supervision and management system, and improves the relevant provisions on energy conservation review of fixed asset investment projects and energy conservation management of key energy-using units (Draft Articles 1007, 1009, and 1010). Third, it strengthens the requirements for green and low-carbon energy transformation, and improves the relevant provisions on clean and efficient utilization of coal, development and utilization of renewable energy, establishment and improvement of a green energy consumption promotion mechanism, and construction of a new power system (Draft Articles 1014, 1017, 1021, and 1022).
4. Regarding responding to climate change. Chapter 4 of Part Four stipulates the relevant legal systems for responding to climate change. First, it stipulates that the state adheres to both mitigation and adaptation, takes effective measures to actively respond to climate change, and clarifies the relevant supervision and management system and decision-making coordination mechanism (Draft Articles 1025 to 1027). Second, it stipulates the basic system and relevant requirements for responding to climate change (Draft Articles 1028 to 1031). Third, it clarifies that mitigation of climate change is promoted through the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and makes provisions for the carbon emission total and intensity control system, the principles for promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and the organization and implementation of relevant action plans (Draft Articles 1032 to 1034). Fourth, it stipulates the relevant measures for mitigating climate change and clarifies the regulatory responsibilities of relevant departments (Draft Articles 1035 to 1040). Fifth, it stipulates the relevant measures for adapting to climate change (Section 3 of Chapter 4 of Part Four). Sixth, it clarifies the requirements for international cooperation in the field of responding to climate change (Section 4 of Chapter 4 of Part Four).
(5) Part Five: Legal Liability and Supplementary Provisions
To implement the strictest system and the strictest rule of law requirements, Part Five, "Legal Liability and Supplementary Provisions," is based on the provisions of current laws and addresses new situations and new problems in law enforcement and justice in the field of ecology and environment. It adopts methods such as translation, consolidation, connection, and upgrading to scientifically and reasonably set legal responsibilities and build a more unified, complete, strict, and standardized legal responsibility system.
Part Five has 3 chapters and 191 articles, and the main contents are:
1. Regarding general rules on legal liability. Chapter 1 of Part Five, "General Rules on Legal Liability," mainly makes overall provisions on ecological and environmental legal liability. First, Section 1, "General Provisions," includes specific applicable rules such as the principle of attribution, the limitation period for accountability, the conflict of legal provisions, the application of new and old laws, the offsetting of responsibilities, the reasons for exemption, and the calculation of penalties on a daily basis. Second, Section 2, "Subjects of Responsibility," includes illegal subjects such as local governments, regulatory departments and institutions, planning preparation agencies and approval agencies, enterprises and institutions, other producers and operators, and individuals, as well as corresponding civil, disciplinary, and criminal responsibilities. Third, Section 3, "Accountability," includes administrative law enforcement, ecological and environmental damage compensation, marine ecological and environmental damage compensation, civil and administrative public interest litigation, consultation and mediation mechanisms, prohibition order preservation measures, burden of proof, support for litigation, legal aid, case transfer, and law enforcement supervision.
2. Regarding specific rules on legal liability. Sections 1 to 3 of Chapter 2 of Part Five, "Specific Rules on Legal Liability," mainly concentrate the administrative penalty responsibilities corresponding to the same management system in different pollution prevention and control fields and ecological protection fields to avoid repetition and inconsistency. First, Section 1, "Violations of Regulations on Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Management," includes the legal responsibilities for failing to carry out self-monitoring as required, using monitoring facilities and equipment that do not meet the requirements, falsifying ecological and environmental monitoring data, ecological and environmental monitoring institutions not meeting the corresponding conditions, producing and selling monitoring facilities and equipment that do not meet the requirements, and interfering with or destroying ecological and environmental monitoring facilities and equipment. Second, Section 2, "Violations of Regulations on Ecological and Environmental Impact Assessment Management," includes the legal responsibilities for construction units failing to submit ecological and environmental impact reports and report forms for approval in accordance with the law, the ecological and environmental impact reports and report forms containing major defects, omissions, or falsehoods, relevant technical units and personnel having a conflict of interest with the departments responsible for approval, failing to implement ecological and environmental protection countermeasures, and violating the "three simultaneous" management regulations. Third, Section 3, "Violations of Regulations on Pollutant Discharge Permit Management," includes the legal responsibilities for discharging pollutants without obtaining a pollutant discharge permit in accordance with the law, discharging pollutants in violation of the provisions of the pollutant discharge permit, failing to operate and maintain pollution prevention and control facilities as required, obtaining a pollutant discharge permit by means of deception and bribery, failing to fill in pollutant discharge information in accordance with the law, discharging pollutants exceeding the emission standards or total emission control, discharging pollutants in a way that evades supervision, illegally setting up pollutant discharge outlets, failing to disclose ecological and environmental information as required, failing to include the funds required for pollution prevention and control in the project cost, and illegally importing solid waste, radioactive waste, and radioactive contaminated articles from abroad.
Sections 4 to 11 of Chapter 2 of Part Five, "Specific Rules on Legal Liability," respectively stipulate the unique administrative penalty responsibilities for violating the regulations on the prevention and control of air, water, marine, soil, solid waste, noise, and radioactive pollution, as well as the regulations on the risk management and control of chemical substance pollution and the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation and light pollution. In order to ensure the systematization, rigor, and strict feasibility of the code, this part is mainly compiled from the following three aspects: First, the same or roughly balanced legal responsibilities are set for similar illegal acts. Second, liability clauses are added, and there are corresponding penalty clauses or arrangements for the prohibitive and obligatory provisions in the first four parts of the code, so as to ensure that orders are enforced and prohibitions are observed. Third, the intensity of penalties is increased. On the basis of the relevant provisions of current laws, the amount of some administrative fines is increased according to the new situation, or the types of administrative penalties are increased. At the same time, the corresponding administrative penalty responsibilities are stipulated for some illegal acts by distinguishing different illegal circumstances or different types of illegal subjects, so as to ensure that penalties are commensurate with the violations.
Sections 12 and 13 of Chapter 2 of Part Five, "Specific Rules on Legal Liability," take into account that other relevant laws on ecological protection and green and low-carbon development continue to apply, and most of the legal responsibilities have been stipulated in other laws. A combination of specific provisions and guiding provisions is adopted for acts that violate the regulations on ecological protection management and acts that violate the regulations on green and low-carbon development, and administrative penalty responsibilities are stipulated. First, the legal liability provisions in the Marine Environmental Protection Law and the Cleaner Production Promotion Law are inherited. These two laws will be repealed after the code is passed, and the legal responsibilities involving marine ecological and environmental protection and green and low-carbon development are clearly stipulated in the draft. For example, specific administrative penalty responsibilities are stipulated for acts such as occupying or damaging natural coastlines, failing to implement mandatory cleaner production audits, or falsifying cleaner production audits (Draft Articles 1217 and 1222). Second, in response to prominent problems in the field of ecological protection and green and low-carbon development, the needs of practice are responded to, and the gaps in legal responsibilities are filled. For example, specific administrative penalty responsibilities are stipulated for activities that fail to carry out production and construction activities in accordance with the ecological and environmental access list, take groundwater without approval, fail to establish a waste product recycling system as required, fail to comply with the regulations on the production, sale, and use of disposable plastic products, and key greenhouse gas emission units included in the national carbon emission trading market fail to submit emission statistics accounting data or annual emission reports (Draft Articles 1218, 1219, 1224, 1226, and 1227). Third, connecting and guiding provisions are made. It is clarified that if the obligations related to ecological protection and green and low-carbon under this law are violated and this law does not stipulate administrative penalties, penalties shall be imposed in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations (Draft Articles 1220 and 1228).
Section 14, "Other Illegal Acts," of Chapter 2 of Part Five, mainly stipulates the legal responsibilities for illegal acts other than those in Sections 1 to 13 of Chapter 2. These include refusing to obstruct supervision and inspection, ecological and environmental technical service institutions falsifying, enterprises and institutions failing to establish a pollution prevention and control responsibility system, ecological and environmental accidents and sudden ecological and environmental events occurring, and retaliating against whistleblowers.
Section 14 of Chapter 2 of Part Five, "Other Illegal Acts," mainly stipulates the legal responsibilities for illegal acts related to environmental protection other than those in Sections 1 to 13 of Chapter 2. This includes legal responsibilities for refusing to obstruct supervision and inspection, falsification by ecological environment technical service institutions, failure of enterprises and institutions to establish a pollution prevention and control responsibility system, ecological environment accidents and sudden ecological environment incidents, and retaliation against whistleblowers.
3. Regarding Supplementary Provisions. Chapter 3 of Part Five, "Supplementary Provisions," mainly includes: First, it stipulates that if other laws have specific or further provisions on ecological protection, green and low-carbon development, and other ecological environment-related fields, those provisions shall apply (Draft Article 1239). Second, it stipulates that if the state adjusts the ecological environment supervision and management system according to actual needs, it shall be in accordance with its provisions (Draft Article 1240). Third, it authorizes the State Council (国务院) and the Central Military Commission (中央军委) to formulate specific management measures for ecological environment protection work of the military in accordance with the principles stipulated in this Law (Draft Article 1241). Fourth, it stipulates the date of implementation of the Code and the 10 laws that will be repealed simultaneously (Draft Article 1242).
(Xinhua News Agency (新华社), Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopEntrusted by the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Vice Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, delivered an explanation on the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress (Draft)" to the fourth session of the 14th NPC on March 5. The summary of the explanation is as follows:
I. The Great Significance of Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has attached great importance to ethnic affairs, adhered to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, continuously promoted the adaptation of Marxist theory on ethnicity to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and clearly put forward the idea of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main theme of the Party's work on ethnic affairs in the new era and the main theme of various tasks in ethnic regions. This has formed General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic affairs work, and the practice of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation has been continuously expanded and deepened, achieving new historic achievements in the Party's work on ethnic affairs. The 2018 constitutional amendment wrote "the Chinese nation" into the Constitution for the first time, explicitly stipulating "to safeguard and develop the socialist relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony among all ethnic groups." Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is a major political and legislative task deployed by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee clearly proposed "formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress." Implementing the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, based on the historical positioning of the Party's work on ethnic affairs in the new era, fully implementing the provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution, formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, consolidating the legal foundation for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community, is of great significance for comprehensively promoting the cause of ethnic unity and progress, and promoting the unity and struggle of people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively promote the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
(I) Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is a major measure to thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic affairs work and the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee. General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic affairs work is the latest achievement in adapting Marxist theory on ethnicity to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is to transform General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic affairs work, especially the major concept of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, into the will of the state through legal procedures, and to elevate the successful experiences in promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community and the cause of ethnic unity and progress since the 18th National Congress of the CPC to legal provisions, so as to ensure the Party's comprehensive leadership over ethnic affairs from the institutional and legal levels, and continuously consolidate the common ideological and political foundation and legal foundation for the unity and struggle of all ethnic groups, and jointly realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
(II) Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is an urgent requirement for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "A strong sense of community for the Chinese nation is the foundation of ethnic unity." Taking forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main theme of the Party's work on ethnic affairs and various tasks in ethnic regions in the new era is a major theoretical and practical achievement of our Party in adhering to the "two integrations," focusing on the "two overall situations," deeply summarizing the experiences and lessons of ethnic affairs work at home and abroad, and deeply understanding the development trend of the Chinese nation community. Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is to conform to the development trend of the Chinese nation from history to the future, from tradition to modernity, and from diversity to unity, improve the institutional mechanism for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, promote the construction of a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation, promote exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups, guide people of all ethnic groups to firmly establish the concept of a community with a shared future, sharing weal and woe, life and death, and destiny, and promote the Chinese nation to become a community with a higher degree of identity and stronger cohesion.
(III) Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is a realistic need to unite and concentrate efforts to promote Chinese-style modernization and promote the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "The common unity and struggle, common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups are the life, strength, and hope of the Chinese nation." The great unity of the Chinese nation is the prerequisite and foundation for comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization. Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is to clarify the general policy and key tasks of the state in supporting the high-quality development of ethnic regions and promoting the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups, and to support ethnic regions in accelerating their integration into the overall national development situation from the institutional and legal levels, solidly promote the common prosperity of all ethnic groups, continuously realize the people of all ethnic groups' yearning for a better life, and gather tremendous strength for comprehensively promoting the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
(IV) Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is an objective requirement for implementing the strategy of comprehensively governing the country according to law and promoting the modernization of the ethnic affairs governance system and governance capacity on the track of the rule of law. Ethnic issues are an important content stipulated in China's Constitution, and governing ethnic affairs according to law is an important aspect of comprehensively governing the country according to law. The Constitution stipulates: "The People's Republic of China is a unified multi-ethnic state jointly created by the people of all ethnic groups in the country." "Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the obligation to safeguard national unity and the unity of all ethnic groups in the country." As the basic law for implementing the relevant provisions of the Constitution, handling ethnic affairs, and carrying out ethnic affairs work in the new era, the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress provides a clear legal basis for governing ethnic affairs according to law. Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is to give full play to the role of the rule of law in consolidating the foundation, stabilizing expectations, and benefiting the long term, safeguarding the unity and dignity of the socialist legal system, using the law to protect ethnic unity, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the people of all ethnic groups, governing ethnic affairs according to law, and continuously improving the ability and level of ethnic affairs governance.
(V) Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is an important measure to cope with the major changes unseen in a century and enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "We must resolutely safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests, and educate and guide all ethnic groups to inherit and carry forward the tradition of patriotism, and consciously safeguard the unification of the motherland, national security, and social stability." Doing a good job in ethnic affairs is related to the unification of the motherland and the consolidation of the border areas, to ethnic unity and social stability, and to the long-term peace and stability of the country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is to clarify through national legislation that safeguarding national unity and promoting ethnic unity and progress are the common responsibilities of all Chinese people, to strengthen the people of all ethnic groups' high degree of identification with the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Communist Party of China (CPC), and socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to use legal weapons to effectively prevent and resolve major risks and hidden dangers in the ethnic field.
II. Guiding Ideology, Important Principles, and Working Process of Legislation
The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress adheres to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, deeply studies and implements Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, and General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic affairs work, comprehensively implements the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, earnestly summarizes the historic achievements and successful experiences of ethnic affairs work since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, takes forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main theme, and promotes the high-quality development of the cause of ethnic unity and progress.
The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress follows the following principles: First, adhere to the correct political direction. Deeply understand the great significance of the "two integrations," adhere to General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic affairs work as the fundamental guideline, comprehensively implement the "twelve musts" requirements of this important thought, and promote Chinese-style modernization with the great unity of the Chinese nation. Second, adhere to the correct historical view of the Chinese nation. Take whether it is conducive to strengthening the commonality of the Chinese nation and enhancing the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the primary consideration, unswervingly follow the correct path of solving ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics, maintain, consolidate, and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony, and promote the construction of the Chinese nation community. Third, adhere to correctly grasping the "four relationships." Adhere to correctly grasping the relationship between commonality and differences, the relationship between the sense of community of the Chinese nation and the consciousness of all ethnic groups, the relationship between Chinese culture and the cultures of all ethnic groups, and the relationship between material and spiritual aspects, implement the working principle of increasing commonality and respecting and tolerating differences, achieve the dialectical unity of commonality and differences, the organic combination of ethnic factors and regional factors, and maximize the cohesion of all ethnic groups to achieve the common unity and struggle, common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups. Fourth, adhere to legislating in accordance with the Constitution. Comprehensively implement the provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution, take the provisions of the Constitution on safeguarding national unity and the unity of all ethnic groups in the country as the fundamental basis for legislation, write measures and mechanisms that meet the new requirements of the new era into the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, and coordinate and connect with the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and other laws and regulations, focusing on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community, and adjusting ethnic relations nationwide.
The NPC Standing Committee resolutely implemented the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions and the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, attached great importance to the legislation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, included the formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress in the Standing Committee's legislative plan and annual legislative work plan, and officially launched the legislative work in November 2023. Chairman Zhao Leji (赵乐际) presided over two meetings of the Party Leadership Group of the NPC Standing Committee to study the relevant major issues in the legislation. Under the leadership of the Party Leadership Group of the NPC Standing Committee, a legislative leading group was established, with Vice Chairman Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠) as the leader and Vice Chairmen Peng Qinghua (彭清华), Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), and Shohrat Zakir (雪克来提·扎克尔) as deputy leaders, and a working team was formed, establishing a working mechanism with responsible comrades from relevant departments participating, specifically responsible for drafting the legal draft. The main work done was as follows: First, deeply study and understand General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic affairs work, systematically sort out the relevant provisions and contents involving ethnic affairs work in the central policy documents since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, and accurately grasp the political direction of legislation. Second, comprehensively refine the legislative experiences and practical achievements of relevant localities, entrust experts and scholars in relevant fields to conduct research on major topics, and form relevant research reports and legislative materials. Third, go to relevant localities to conduct legislative research and listen to opinions and suggestions, and deeply understand the practical problems that need to be solved and legislative needs. Fourth, fully absorb the results of legislative research, benchmark and align with the latest spirit of the CPC Central Committee in a timely manner, and organize forces to repeatedly revise the draft. The legislative leading group held multiple meetings to study and revise the draft, forming a draft for soliciting opinions. Fifth, send the draft for soliciting opinions to 224 units of central state organs and various provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), widely listen to opinions, further revise and improve the draft, and communicate with relevant units on some key issues to widely gather consensus. After repeated research and revision and improvement, the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress was formed. On August 29, 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to discuss and approve in principle the request of the Party Leadership Group of the NPC Standing Committee regarding the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress.
In September 2025, the 17th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee conducted the first review of the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress. The members of the Standing Committee generally believed that the draft transformed the major theoretical and practical achievements made by the Party in ethnic affairs work into the will of the state through national legislation, declared the political stance of the Party and the state on ethnic affairs in the new era, clarified the overall requirements, important principles, and responsibilities of relevant subjects for the cause of ethnic unity and progress, stipulated specific measures for building a shared spiritual home, promoting exchanges, interactions, and integration, and promoting common prosperity and development, and improved the institutional mechanism for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, which is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of the cause of ethnic unity and progress and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community on the track of the rule of law. After the meeting, the Constitution and Law Committee of the NPC, the Ethnic Affairs Committee of the NPC, and the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee held seminars to listen to the opinions of relevant central departments and experts and scholars. The Legislative Affairs Commission distributed the draft to relevant central departments, various provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), some cities divided into districts, grassroots legislative liaison points, some universities, and research institutions to solicit opinions, and published the full text of the draft on the China NPC website to solicit public opinions. In December 2025, the 19th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee conducted the second review of the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress and decided to submit it to the fourth session of the 14th NPC for deliberation. After the meeting, the draft was distributed to the deputies of the 14th NPC, organized and deployed the deputies of the NPC to study and discuss, and solicited public opinions again. On January 30, 2026, the Constitution and Law Committee held a meeting to further revise and improve the draft based on the deliberation opinions of the 19th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee, the deputies' study opinions, and the opinions of all parties; it was believed that the draft had been fully absorbed the opinions and suggestions of all parties after two reviews by the NPC Standing Committee and wide solicitation of opinions, and it was relatively mature. Accordingly, the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress (Draft)" was formed for submission to this meeting for deliberation.
III. Main Contents of the Draft
The draft adopts the format of "preamble + 7 chapters" and has a total of 64 articles. The main contents include:
(I) About the preamble. The preamble of the draft takes the formation and development of the Chinese nation community as the narrative thread, focusing on expounding General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic affairs work, especially the great significance of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community; declaring and clarifying the political stance, specific tasks, and efforts of the Party and the state on ethnic affairs in the new era, and putting forward clear requirements for the people of all ethnic groups across the country, all state organs and armed forces, all political parties and social organizations, and all enterprises and institutions.
(II) About the overall requirements and important principles. Chapter 1 "General Provisions" of the draft comprehensively implements and specifically expounds the core meaning of the "twelve musts" of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic affairs work. First, implement the provisions of the Constitution and clarify that the cause of ethnic unity and progress adheres to the Party's comprehensive leadership and adheres to the guiding ideology of the Party and the state (Articles 1 and 2 of the draft). Second, expound the core concepts such as forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community (Articles 3 and 4 of the draft). Third, stipulate important principles such as ethnic equality, ethnic unity, and ethnic progress (Articles 5 to 7 of the draft). Fourth, make provisions for adhering to and improving the system of regional ethnic autonomy, adhering to governing ethnic affairs according to law, and safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests (Articles 8 to 10 of the draft).
(III) About building a shared spiritual home. Building a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation is the spiritual and cultural foundation for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and Chapter 2 of the draft makes specific provisions. First, clarify that socialist core values are the guide, guiding the people of all ethnic groups to firmly establish the "five recognitions" and establish the correct "five views" (Articles 11 and 12 of the draft). Second, make specific provisions for enhancing the recognition of Chinese culture and constructing a system of symbols of Chinese civilization (Articles 13 and 14 of the draft). Third, clearly stipulate that the state comprehensively promotes the popularization of the national common language and writing, and makes specific provisions for the language and writing used in education and teaching, the language and writing used in official affairs, and the use of the national common language and writing in public places (Article 15 of the draft). Fourth, make specific provisions for the mechanisms and carriers for building a shared spiritual home such as school education, theoretical research, and publicity and education, and comprehensively promote the construction of a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation under new historical conditions (Articles 16 to 20 of the draft). Fifth, make specific provisions for gathering the strength of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese (Article 21 of the draft).
(III) On Building a Shared Spiritual Home. Building a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation is the spiritual and cultural foundation for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. Chapter II of the draft law makes specific provisions for this. First, it clarifies the guidance of the core socialist values, guiding people of all ethnic groups to strengthen the "Five Recognitions" and establish correct "Five Views" (Draft Articles 11 and 12). Second, it makes specific provisions for enhancing the recognition of Chinese culture and constructing a system of symbols for Chinese civilization (Draft Articles 13 and 14). Third, it clearly stipulates that the state shall comprehensively promote the popularization of the national common language and script, and makes specific provisions for the use of language and script in education and teaching, official affairs, and public places (Draft Article 15). Fourth, it makes specific provisions for the mechanisms and carriers for building a shared spiritual home, such as school education, theoretical research, and publicity and education, so as to comprehensively promote the construction of a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation under new historical conditions (Draft Articles 16 to 20). Fifth, it makes specific provisions for uniting the forces of Hong Kong (香港), Macao (澳门), Taiwan (台湾), and overseas Chinese (华侨) (Draft Article 21).
(IV) On Promoting Exchanges, Interactions, and Integration. Exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups are an inevitable trend of social development. Chapter III of the draft law makes specific provisions for the social conditions and requirements for promoting exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups. First, it stipulates the promotion of the construction of mutually embedded community environments, and the improvement of social conditions for people of all ethnic groups to live, study, build, share, and enjoy together (Draft Article 22). Second, in accordance with the latest spirit of the Party Central Committee (党中央) and the development of ethnic work practices, it improves the policy measures for ethnic work in cities, stipulates facilitation measures and guarantee measures, and orderly promotes the flow and integration of people of all ethnic groups (Draft Articles 23 to 25). Third, it makes specific provisions for promoting exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups through education, culture, sports, tourism, and the internet (Draft Articles 26 to 31).
(V) On Promoting Common Prosperity and Development. Chapter IV of the draft law mainly focuses on the goal of comprehensively realizing the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups, and makes relevant provisions. First, it stipulates the overall requirements for promoting high-quality development in ethnic areas and promoting coordinated regional development, clarifies that the state supports ethnic areas in comprehensively deepening reform and opening up, comprehensively integrating into the national development strategy, improving the regional integrated development mechanism and differentiated regional support policies, and improving the assistance and cooperation mechanism. At the same time, it clarifies that the overall requirement of "giving three meanings" should be implemented when formulating and implementing plans, programs, policies and measures (Draft Articles 32 to 34). Second, it makes specific provisions from the aspects of infrastructure construction, industrial development, public service construction, natural resource protection and ecological civilization construction, securing the border and enriching the people, and changing customs and habits, so as to promote all ethnic groups to jointly move towards socialist modernization (Draft Articles 35 to 40).
(VI) On Guarantees and Supervision. Chapter V of the draft law, "Guarantees and Supervision," incorporates the new era's Party's ethnic work pattern, the institutional mechanisms for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting ethnic unity and progress, guarantee measures, and supervision mechanisms into law. First, it clarifies the new era's Party's ethnic work pattern of unified leadership by the Party Committee (党委), administration by the government in accordance with the law, coordination led by the United Front Work Department (统战部门), performance of duties by the ethnic work departments, cooperation among all departments, and joint participation by the whole society (Draft Article 41). Second, it clarifies the responsibilities and requirements of relevant subjects such as state organs and public officials, people's congresses at all levels, mass organizations, enterprises and institutions and social organizations, religious groups, grassroots mass autonomous organizations, and the military in forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community (Draft Articles 42 to 48). Third, it stipulates cadre talent and financial guarantee measures (Draft Articles 49 and 50). Fourth, it stipulates guarantee measures and supervision mechanisms in terms of social governance mechanisms, risk prevention and disposal, resolution of contradictions and disputes, social supervision, and procuratorial supervision (Draft Articles 51 to 54). Fifth, it stipulates the creation and commendation of ethnic unity and progress, and establishes the fourth week of September each year as the publicity week for ethnic unity and progress (Draft Articles 55 and 56).
(VII) On Legal Responsibility. Chapter VI of the draft law adheres to the equal emphasis on guidance and constraint, and sets legal responsibilities for situations in which relevant subjects damage or undermine ethnic unity and progress. It clarifies that organizations, planners, and implementers of violent terrorist activities, ethnic separatist activities, or religious extremist activities shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the law if a crime is constituted. In addition, it also stipulates the extraterritorial application of the law. (Draft Articles 57 to 63)
(VIII) Supplementary Provisions. This mainly stipulates the date of implementation of the law. (Draft Article 64)
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopEntrusted by the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Vice Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, delivered an explanation on the "Law of the People's Republic of China on National Development Planning (Draft)" to the fourth session of the 14th NPC on March 5. The following is a summary of the explanation:
I. Necessity and Great Significance of Formulating the National Development Planning Law
Using medium- and long-term plans to guide economic and social development is an important way for our Party to govern the country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has attached great importance to the work of national development planning. The 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed to improve the macroeconomic governance system and give play to the strategic guidance role of national development planning. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed to improve the national economic and social development planning system and strengthen the planning coordination and implementation mechanism. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed to strengthen the strategic guidance role of national development planning and strengthen the monitoring, evaluation, and supervision of planning implementation.
The National Development Planning Law is a basic law based on the Constitution, regulating the formulation of national development plans, and ensuring the implementation of national development plans. The CPC Central Committee has put forward clear requirements for accelerating the promulgation of the National Development Planning Law and strengthening the legal guarantee for planning preparation and implementation. It is necessary to thoroughly implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, implement the major decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee, conscientiously summarize the successful experience of national development planning work over a long period, formulate the National Development Planning Law, clarify the guiding ideology and principles that should be adhered to in national development planning work, and make comprehensive and systematic provisions on the specific procedures for the preparation, review, and approval, implementation, and supervision of national development plans, so as to provide a strong institutional guarantee for the scientific preparation and effective implementation of national development plans on the track of the rule of law.
(I) Formulating the National Development Planning Law is an Inevitable Requirement for Better Exercising the Advantages of the Socialist System with Chinese Characteristics
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out that the formulation and implementation of the Five-Year Plan is an important experience for our Party in governing the country and an important political advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, which is conducive to realizing the leadership of the Party, concentrating efforts to accomplish big things, proactively grasping strategic issues, and maintaining the continuity of the cause. Since 1953, especially since the reform and opening up, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, China has successively formulated and implemented 14 Five-Year Plans (Programs), which have powerfully promoted economic and social development, improved people's lives, and enhanced comprehensive national strength, creating the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability that are rare in the world, demonstrating unique political advantages, institutional advantages, and governance advantages. From the first Five-Year Plan for the development of the national economy to the present, each one has been formulated, implemented, and completed under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and a mature and well-established approach has been formed. The formulation of the National Development Planning Law is of great significance for strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee over the work of national development planning, better exerting the Party's political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, and better transforming the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics into development advantages.
(II) Formulating the National Development Planning Law is an Important Measure to Practice Whole-Process People's Democracy in the Work of National Development Planning
Since the new era, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has comprehensively developed whole-process people's democracy, unified strengthening top-level design and adhering to asking the people for advice in planning work, promoting democracy, opening up to solicit opinions, and pooling wisdom; strengthening research, demonstration, and consultation, and widely gathering consensus and wisdom from all aspects; emphasizing that the people's yearning for a better life is our goal, and the people's confidence and support is the power for our country to forge ahead, and fully mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the people. In terms of planning work, a set of effective working mechanisms for absorbing public opinion and gathering public wisdom has been formed. The formulation of the National Development Planning Law is conducive to implementing the major concept of whole-process people's democracy in planning work, enriching and expanding the forms and channels of democratic participation, and better reflecting that development is for the people, development relies on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people.
(III) Formulating the National Development Planning Law is a Realistic Need to Uphold, Improve, and Operate the People's Congress System Well
The national economic and social development plan (planning) is an important system stipulated in China's Constitution, which is closely related to the People's Congress system and the work of the People's Congress. From the first Constitution of New China to the current Constitution, there are important provisions on the national economic and social development plan (planning). In accordance with the Constitution and relevant laws, the NPC exercises the power to review and approve the national economic and social development plan (planning), the NPC Standing Committee exercises the power to review and approve the adjustment plan of the plan (planning) and supervise the implementation of the plan (planning), the State Council exercises the power to prepare and implement the plan (planning), and the local people's congresses and their standing committees at all levels and the people's governments at all levels exercise relevant powers within their respective administrative regions. The formulation of the National Development Planning Law is conducive to implementing Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on upholding and improving the People's Congress system in planning work, improving the level of legalization of national development planning work, and ensuring that the Party's propositions become the will of the state through legal procedures.
(IV) Formulating the National Development Planning Law is an Intrinsic Requirement for Better Exerting the Strategic Guidance Role of National Development Planning
The 20th National Congress of the CPC established the central task of comprehensively building a strong socialist modern country, realizing the second centenary goal, and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical period for laying the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization. To turn the grand blueprint into reality, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of the whole country acting as one under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, better exert the strategic guidance role of national development planning; adhere to drawing the blueprint to the end, and one term after another, 咬定青山不放松 (yǎo dìng qīng shān bù fàng sōng - "bite the green hills and not relax," to remain steadfast in one's goals); improve the coordination mechanism and work collaboration mechanism between various levels and types of plans and the national development plan, and form a national planning system with accurate positioning, clear boundaries, complementary functions, and unified connection. The formulation of the National Development Planning Law provides a strong legal guarantee for better exerting the strategic guidance role of national development planning, which is conducive to improving the overall effectiveness of the national planning system and improving the macroeconomic governance system under the new situation.
II. Guiding Ideology, Important Principles, and Working Process of Legislation
The formulation of the National Development Planning Law must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, adhere to the people-centered approach, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, summarize the successful experience of national development planning work over a long period, especially since the new era, base on the Constitution, establish the effective practices that have been formed over the years as legal and institutional norms, focus on improving the level of legalization of the preparation, review, and approval, implementation, and supervision of national development plans, better exert the strategic guidance role of national development planning, and better exert the advantages of the national system and governance effectiveness.
The formulation of the National Development Planning Law follows the following principles: First, adhere to the overall leadership of the Party, especially the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, ensure the correct political direction of national development planning work, and implement the Party's line, principles, policies, and the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee through national development planning. Second, adhere to the principle of planning by law, base on the Constitution, implement the provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution, ensure the comprehensive and effective implementation of the relevant provisions of the Constitution through the National Development Planning Law, and at the same time, do a good job in institutional connection with the National People's Congress Organization Law and Rules of Procedure, Supervision Law, and other laws. Third, adhere to the practice-oriented approach, proceed from reality, and determine the successful experiences and beneficial practices formed over the years in the form of law, and strive to solve the practical problems encountered in planning work. Fourth, adhere to overall coordination, clarify the leading position of national development planning in the national planning system, and at the same time, leave institutional space for the formulation and implementation of other plans, and enhance the systematicness and coordination of the planning system.
The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core attaches great importance to the legislative work of the National Development Planning Law. In December 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) presided over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to listen to and deliberate on and in principle agree to the request of the Party Group of the NPC Standing Committee on issues and work related to the draft National Development Planning Law, providing guidance and compliance for the legislative work of the National Development Planning Law.
The "14th NPC Standing Committee Legislative Plan" and the "2025 Annual Legislative Work Plan of the NPC Standing Committee" clearly proposed the formulation of the National Development Planning Law. According to the legislative work arrangement, relevant departments of the State Council carried out solid research and demonstration work, widely solicited opinions from relevant departments of the central government and local people's governments, and on this basis, drafted the draft National Development Planning Law. In March 2025, the State Council submitted the draft National Development Planning Law to the NPC Standing Committee for deliberation.
In April and September 2025, the 15th and 17th meetings of the 14th NPC Standing Committee successively deliberated on the draft National Development Planning Law. The members of the Standing Committee generally believed that the draft implemented the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee, implemented and followed the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important expositions on development strategy and planning, implemented and followed the relevant provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution, and transformed the successful experiences and beneficial practices formed over the years into legal systems, which is conducive to promoting the relevant work of national development planning on the track of the rule of law, promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and comprehensively building a strong socialist modern country. After the meeting, the NPC Constitution and Law Committee and the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee solicited opinions from various localities, departments, and experts and scholars in various ways, and twice published the full text of the draft on the China National People's Congress website to solicit public opinions. According to the deliberation opinions of the members of the NPC Standing Committee and the opinions of all parties, the draft was revised and improved, mainly by appropriately adjusting the structure of the draft in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, enriching the relevant responsibilities and work of the NPC and its Standing Committee and relevant special committees in the national development plan, and improving the guiding ideology of the plan, the planning system, and the provisions on the relationship between each other.
After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, the important speech and the spirit of the plenary session of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) were deeply studied and understood and implemented, and the draft National Development Planning Law was further revised and improved according to the deliberation opinions of the members of the NPC Standing Committee and the opinions of all parties. In December 2025, the 19th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee conducted a third deliberation on the draft National Development Planning Law and decided to submit it to the fourth session of the 14th NPC for deliberation. After the meeting, the draft was distributed to NPC deputies to solicit opinions, organized and deployed NPC deputies to study and discuss, and solicited public opinions again.
On January 30, 2026, the NPC Constitution and Law Committee held a meeting to make some revisions to the draft based on the deliberation opinions of the members of the NPC Standing Committee, the opinions raised in the study and discussion of the deputies, and the opinions of all parties. The Constitution and Law Committee believes that after three deliberations by the NPC Standing Committee, extensive solicitation of opinions, and revisions and improvements, the draft National Development Planning Law has fully absorbed the opinions and suggestions of all parties and is relatively mature. Accordingly, the "Law of the People's Republic of China on National Development Planning (Draft)" submitted to this meeting for deliberation was formed.
III. Main Contents of the Draft National Development Planning Law
The draft National Development Planning Law is divided into 6 chapters, namely, General Provisions, Preparation of National Development Plans, Review and Approval of National Development Plans, Implementation of National Development Plans, Supervision of Implementation of National Development Plans, and Supplementary Provisions, with a total of 38 articles. The main contents are as follows:
(I) General Provisions
Chapter I "General Provisions" of the draft mainly stipulates the legislative purpose and scope of application, and clarifies the guiding ideology, important principles, and basic requirements of national development planning work. First, it stipulates the concept of national development planning and the scope of application of this law, and clarifies that national development planning refers to the Five-Year Plan Outline for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China, including the long-term goals proposed as needed (Article 2 of the draft). Second, it clarifies that national development planning work adheres to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, adheres to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and makes provisions on the principles and requirements for the formulation and implementation of national development plans (Articles 3, 5, and 6 of the draft). Third, it clarifies the important position and role of national development planning in comprehensively building a strong socialist modern country, and stipulates that national development planning is the general guideline for other plans at all levels and types, and has a leading function in the national planning system (Article 4 of the draft).
(II) Preparation of National Development Plans
Chapter II "Preparation of National Development Plans" of the draft mainly stipulates the main contents of national development plans, the main principles, work requirements, and related procedures that should be followed in preparing national development plans. First, it summarizes the mature practices formed in long-term practice and clarifies that national development plans are organized and prepared by the State Council based on the suggestions and decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee; the specific preparation work is undertaken by the national development planning department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments of the state (Article 7 of the draft). Second, it clarifies that national development plans should include the main contents such as development environment analysis, guiding principles, main goals and indicators, major strategic tasks, major policy measures, major engineering projects, and guarantees for the implementation of the plan (Article 8 of the draft). Third, it clarifies the principles that should be followed in preparing national development plans and the factors that should be considered as a whole, and makes provisions on carrying out preliminary research, improving the public participation mechanism, improving the expert consultation and demonstration system, and innovating preparation methods (Articles 9 to 14 of the draft). Fourth, it clarifies the procedural requirements for submitting the draft national development plan to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for deliberation (Article 15 of the draft).
(III) Review and Approval of National Development Plans
In accordance with the Constitution and relevant laws, and summarizing practical experience, Chapter III "Review and Approval of National Development Plans" of the draft mainly stipulates the procedures for the NPC to review and approve national development plans, and the NPC Standing Committee to review and approve the adjustment plan of national development plans. First, it clarifies that after the draft national development plan is submitted to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for deliberation, the State Council shall submit it to the NPC for review and approval in accordance with legal procedures (Article 16 of the draft). Second, it makes provisions on the NPC Standing Committee organizing and carrying out special investigations and research, and the NPC Financial and Economic Committee conducting preliminary reviews (Articles 17 and 18 of the draft). Third, it clarifies the specific procedures for reviewing and approving national development plans during the NPC session (Article 19 of the draft). Fourth, it clarifies that the NPC Standing Committee reviews and approves the adjustment plan of the national development plan, and makes provisions on the promulgation procedures of the national development plan and its adjustment plan (Articles 20 and 21 of the draft).
(IV) Implementation of National Development Plans
In order to ensure the smooth implementation of national development plans, Chapter IV "Implementation of National Development Plans" of the draft mainly stipulates the effective support and coordination guarantee system for national economic and social development annual plans, other plans at all levels and types, and various policy measures for national development plans. First, it clarifies that national development plans are organized and implemented by the State Council, the national development planning department of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the state, formulates implementation opinions on national development plans, and all regions and departments clarify specific work arrangements and promotion measures (Article 22 of the draft). Second, it stipulates that the national economic and social development annual plan and other plans at all levels and types should be coordinated with the national development plan to enhance the consistency of macroeconomic policy orientation, and formulate measures such as formulating policies and allocating resources to serve and guarantee the implementation of the national development plan (Articles 23 to 27 of the draft). Third, it clarifies the dynamic monitoring and evaluation system for the implementation of national development plans (Article 28 of the draft).
(V) Supervision of the Implementation of National Development Plans
A sound supervision mechanism is an important guarantee for the effective implementation of the National Development Plan. According to relevant laws and regulations and years of practical experience, Chapter V of the draft, "Supervision of the Implementation of the National Development Plan," mainly stipulates the supervisory responsibilities of the National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) and its Standing Committee (常务委员会) for the implementation of the National Development Plan, as well as the supervisory responsibilities of other relevant departments. First, it clarifies that the National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) and its Standing Committee (常务委员会) shall supervise the implementation of the National Development Plan, and the Financial and Economic Committee (财政经济委员会) of the National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) and relevant special committees shall undertake the specific work of supervision (Article 29 of the draft). Second, it clarifies the mid-term evaluation and summary evaluation system for the implementation of the National Development Plan, and stipulates relevant procedural requirements (Articles 30 to 32 of the draft). Third, it clarifies that supervisory organs and auditing organs shall, within their respective responsibilities, supervise the implementation of the National Development Plan in accordance with the law (Article 33 of the draft). Fourth, it clarifies that the implementation of the National Development Plan shall serve as an important reference for measuring the performance of duties by various regions and departments in accordance with the law (Article 34 of the draft).
(VI) Supplementary Provisions
Chapter VI of the draft, "Supplementary Provisions," mainly stipulates the relevant requirements for local development planning and the state's support for Hong Kong (香港) and Macau (澳门) to proactively connect with the National Development Plan. First, it clarifies the relevant requirements for provincial development plans to be submitted to the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展和改革委员会) of the State Council (国务院) for connection and filing; clarifies that local development plans at or above the county level shall be consistent with the development plans of higher levels, adhere to adapting to local conditions, and highlight local characteristics; and clarifies that the procedures for the preparation of local development plans at or above the county level shall be implemented with reference to the relevant provisions of this law (Article 36 of the draft). Second, it clarifies that the state adheres to the principle of "One Country, Two Systems" ("一国两制"), supports the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (香港特别行政区) and the Macau Special Administrative Region (澳门特别行政区) in proactively connecting with the National Development Plan, and integrating into and serving the overall national development (Article 37 of the draft).
(Xinhua News Agency (新华社), Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopThe warm spring sun shines on the construction site of the Gusi Park (古四公园), where three old factory buildings wrapped in green protective nets are awaiting "new life": on the roof, steel structure trusses are slowly put in place under the traction of cranes; in the deep foundation pit, construction workers are busy building a public parking lot... This is the construction site of the "Gusi Community (古四社区) and Expanded Area" urban renewal project in Qiaokou District (硚口区), Wuhan City (武汉市), Hubei Province (湖北省), which is exploring the "old industrial zone transformation + community function improvement" model.
In November 2025, the "Wuhan City Implementation Plan for 'Five Transformations and Four Improvements' to Accelerate High-Quality Urban Renewal Action (2025-2027)" was issued, using three years to implement the renovation and utilization of existing buildings, the quality improvement of old residential areas, the upgrading of old blocks, the renovation and renewal of old factories, and the acceleration of urban village transformation. The goal is to add 20,000 sets of "good houses," build 200 "good communities," create 173 "good neighborhoods," and build at least one "good city area" in each central urban area by the end of 2027.
Currently, China's urbanization is shifting from a period of rapid growth to a period of stable development, and urban development is shifting from a stage of large-scale incremental expansion to a stage dominated by stock quality improvement and efficiency enhancement. In this context, Wuhan insists on driving the transformation of urban development methods through urban renewal, driving the transformation of economic development methods through the transformation of urban development methods, and has formed a number of distinctive practical cases, providing a vivid sample for the transformation and development of megacities.
Improving People's Livelihood: From "Having a Place to Live" to "Living in a Comfortable Place"
Wuhan City regards the renovation of old residential areas as a "people's livelihood bottom line project," and precisely solves the "old, dilapidated, and small" dilemma through "acupuncture-style" micro-transformation.
In Jiang'an District (江岸区), the Xima area (西马片区) is exploring a transformation oriented towards public services, realizing a leap from "building houses" to "building services." Flower beds filled with garbage have been transformed into permeable brick parking spaces; mold on the exterior walls of houses has been completely removed, and waterproof layers have been redone...
As the living environment improves, community services are also being upgraded. In the No. 66 Xiaoliujiawan (小刘家湾) residential area in Wuchang District (武昌区), the idle activity center has become a shared space, the vacant houses have introduced boutique cafes, children have playgrounds, and residents have become regular customers of the bakery downstairs.
Even more gratifying is the "vertical improvement" of living quality. In 2025, Wuhan City comprehensively launched a new round of elevator renewal. The Fuli Olympic Garden (富丽奥林园) and other residential areas in Jiangxia District (江夏区) received support from ultra-long-term special national debt funds, adopting a "national debt support + resident self-funding" model to allow residents to use brand-new elevators at low cost.
In 2025, more than 5,000 old elevators in more than 400 residential areas in Wuhan City received support from ultra-long-term special national debt funds, and it is expected that the renewal will be fully completed in 2026, benefiting more than 200,000 households.
Industrial Upgrading: From "Industrial Rust Belt" to "Living Show Belt"
Wuhan City orderly revitalizes existing land space resources through urban renewal, promotes industrial upgrading and consumption scene innovation, takes into account people's livelihood improvement and transformation development, and forms a virtuous cycle of "renewal-investment-consumption-growth."
Old factories are rejuvenated. In the Gusi area (古四片区) of Qiaokou District (硚口区), the old factory buildings of the Wuhan Light Industry Machinery Factory (武汉轻工业机械厂) are undergoing "acupuncture-style" renewal. Three main factory buildings have been preserved and renovated, transformed into parks and cultural and creative spaces, and 495 parking spaces have been developed underground.
The construction of industrial communities is also accelerating. The old factory buildings in Pizi Street (皮子街片) have been transformed into smart farmers' markets and intangible cultural heritage workshops; the Huazhong Xiaoguishan Financial Culture Park (华中小龟山金融文化公园) retains its low-plot ratio style, forming a complete financial and cultural industry chain; and the Xingcheng Center (星城中心) in Hongshan District (洪山区) focuses on AI and intelligent construction, becoming a gathering place for high-tech enterprises.
This "restore the old as old + function replacement" model not only retains the city's industrial memory, but also rejuvenates the area, and many residents choose to move back by "exchanging houses."
Functional renewal, spatial patching, transportation interconnection, supporting facilities improvement, and human settlement improvement – blocks where industrial culture and a better life are shared are rapidly forming in Wuhan.
Resource Aggregation: From "Stock Renewal" to "Technological Innovation Empowerment"
Wuhan City strengthens the aggregation of innovation resources through urban renewal, explores the integrated development path of science, industry, city, and people, and provides solid support for building a nationally influential science and technology innovation center.
On February 3 this year, the "Wuhan Binjiang Qin Orange AI OPC Community (武汉滨江亲橙人工智能OPC社区)," jointly built by Wuchang District (武昌区) and Alibaba Group (阿里巴巴集团), started operation. It is expected that by the end of August this year, the operating area will exceed 4,500 square meters, providing 374 shared workstations.
On February 13, the "Several Measures of Wuhan City to Support the Innovative Development of AI OPC" was issued, focusing on AI OPC (a new type of entrepreneurial entity founded by talents or micro-teams with AI application development and integration capabilities, based on large models, and using AI programming, intelligent bodies, and other core tools to achieve super-linear amplification of efficiency in the entire process of R&D, production, and operation), and proposed to create an OPC ecological community integrating "production, life, and ecology." It is expected that by 2028, there will be more than 10 OPC ecological communities in the city.
The East Lake High-tech Zone (东湖高新区) is accelerating the construction of a world-class East Lake Science City (东湖科学城), a world-class industrial cluster, and a world-class science and technology new city, and is making every effort to sprint to become the "World Optics Valley (世界光谷)." Here, "hard technology" and "soft life" collide and merge, not only gathering many leading enterprises and scientific research platforms, but also distributing comprehensive supporting facilities such as Wuhan Joy City (武汉大悦城), Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Museum (湖北省科技馆), and Guanggu Central Ecological Corridor (光谷中央生态大走廊), upgrading "industry attracts people" to "city retains people."
Hongshan District (洪山区) is vigorously building "Silicon Alleys" to activate innovation momentum. Today, the Nanhu Silicon Alley · Ring University of Technology Innovation Block (南湖硅巷·环理工大创新街区) has officially opened. More than 10 science and technology innovation buildings and parks are densely distributed along Shucheng Road (书城路), and 12 science and technology innovation carriers have settled in, forming a vertical ecological chain of "innovation upstairs, entrepreneurship downstairs." Six kilometers away, the transformation of Luoyu Silicon Alley (珞喻硅巷) is in full swing, gathering resources from 18 key universities such as Wuhan University (武汉大学) and Huazhong University of Science and Technology (华中科技大学) to build an innovation block around the university.
Cultural Inheritance: From "Historical Memory" to "City IP"
Wuhan City adheres to the principle of "protection first, active utilization" to make historical context the city's "golden business card."
Jianghan District's (江汉区) Shaoxing Lane (绍兴里) has been revitalized and transformed, retaining the osmanthus trees and parasol trees that carry the childhood memories of the original residents. It not only solved the housing needs of 1,212 households, but also carefully awakened the century-old "business gang memory" through designs such as the Ring of Time and retro red bricks, attracting the Zhejiang Chamber of Commerce (浙江商会) to build a cultural display window here.
Qingshan Zheng Street (青山正街), an old alley, has become a new street, and the Time Tower, historical museum, and modern coffee shops collide with new vitality. Tourists hold up their mobile phones to capture their figures along with the new look of the old street.
In Wuchang District's (武昌区) Doujiying (斗级营), the aroma of tea between bamboo tables and bamboo chairs blends with the sound of trains on the Yangtze River Bridge (长江大桥). Here, the "principal economy" is introduced to create "non-standard commercial" scenes, attracting more than 50 merchants to settle in, with an average daily passenger flow of 15,000 people. Tourists taste black tea, enjoy the scenery of the ancient city, and enjoy leisure time during their journey.
Yanqing Lane (延庆里) in Jiang'an District (江岸区) still retains the atmosphere of the old city. The original texture of 7 cultural relic buildings has been preserved after renovation, and new business formats such as art exhibitions and trendy retail have also been introduced, 75% of which are Wuhan's first store brands. At the entrance of a handicraft shop called "New Made," a rocking horse attracts many young people to take photos and check in, and some children are vying to ride the horse and play.
Urban renewal promotes cultural empowerment and brings significant commercial value. In 2025, the occupancy rate of merchants in historical blocks in Wuhan City increased significantly, and the integrated model of "culture + commerce + tourism" has become a new engine for Wuhan's consumption.
Mechanism Innovation: From "Government-Led" to "Multi-Party Co-Governance"
Wuhan City builds an renewal ecosystem of "government guidance + market operation + public participation" to effectively solve the problems of "insufficient motivation" and "imbalance of interests" in urban renewal.
In the Pizi Street (皮子街片) renovation project in Qiaokou District (硚口区), a housing purchase coupon resettlement method was innovatively launched. The mode of changing allocation to self-selection allowed residents to realize "I am the master of my housing." Many old residents completed the entire process from old house evaluation to new house purchase in just half a day.
Thanks to the housing purchase coupon resettlement method, the Pizi Street (皮子街片) renovation took only 6 months from the issuance of the expropriation order to the land listing.
The "21st Street Dangerous and Old Housing Cooperative Renovation Project" in Qingshan District (青山区) is the first renovation project in Hubei Province (湖北省) completed through the "residential cooperative" model. 134 residents initiated the establishment of a "residential cooperative." The old residents moved into bright new buildings after the original demolition and reconstruction, and the "dream of living in peace" came true.
Wuhan City explores a multi-party co-governance model in urban renewal, effectively stimulating market vitality. In 2025, the participation rate of social capital in Wuhan's urban renewal projects continued to rise, the satisfaction of the masses increased significantly, and the governance efficiency was significantly improved.
Currently, Wuhan City is systematically promoting urban renewal actions, promoting the integration of "three new things": urban renewal, governance innovation, and industrial renewal. It no longer relies solely on large-scale demolition and construction, but focuses on "five transformations and four improvements," replacing "bulldozers" with "embroidery skills," and replacing incremental value with stock space. It is not only a repair of physical space, but also an iteration of development models. Wuhan uses the "small incision" of urban renewal to leverage the "big game" of people's livelihood happiness and economic transformation, setting a new benchmark for megacities to change their development methods.
Data source: Propaganda Department of the Wuhan Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China (中共武汉市委宣传部)
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5th. Leading comrades of the CPC Central Committee, the National People's Congress Standing Committee, and the State Council, on the 5th, joined deputies from relevant delegations to the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress in deliberating the government work report.
The leading comrades who participated in the deliberations with the delegations included: Wang Yi (王毅), Yin Li (尹力), Shi Taifeng (石泰峰), Liu Guozhong (刘国中), Li Ganjie (李干杰), Li Shulei (李书磊), Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), He Lifeng (何立峰), Zhang Guoqing (张国清), Chen Wenqing (陈文清), Chen Jining (陈吉宁), Chen Min'er (陈敏尔), Yuan Jiajun (袁家军), Huang Kunming (黄坤明), Liu Jinguo (刘金国), Wang Xiaohong (王小洪), Wang Dongming (王东明), Xiao Jie (肖捷), Zheng Jianbang (郑建邦), Ding Zhongli (丁仲礼), Cai Dafeng (蔡达峰), He Wei (何维), Wu Weihua (武维华), Tie Ning (铁凝), Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), Shohrat Zakir (雪克来提·扎克尔), Wu Zhenglong (吴政隆),谌贻琴, Zhang Jun (张军), Ying Yong (应勇), and others.
Wang Yi (王毅), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Guangxi delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. In the past year, facing the severe challenges brought about by the domestic and international situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, successfully completing the main goals of economic and social development and achieving a successful conclusion to the "14th Five-Year Plan." The fundamental reason for these achievements lies in the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The foreign affairs front will profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, better coordinate the two major situations at home and abroad, better coordinate development and security, and create a favorable external environment and provide solid strategic support for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." We will continue to strengthen our support for Guangxi's (广西) foreign affairs work and help Guangxi (广西) achieve high-quality development.
Yin Li (尹力), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Beijing (北京) Municipal Party Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Beijing (北京) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." Over the past five years, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to forge ahead, effectively respond to various risks and challenges, and accomplish many major tasks. China's economic and social development has achieved new historical achievements, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps. The most fundamental reason for these achievements lies in the leadership of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. On the new journey, Beijing (北京) will firmly support the "Two Establishes" and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech during his inspection of Beijing (北京), fully implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, base itself on Beijing's (北京) urban strategic positioning and the coordinated development of Beijing (北京), Tianjin (天津), and Hebei (河北), coordinate high-quality development and high-level security, promote all work to be at the forefront of the country, and continuously create a new situation in the modernization of the capital.
Shi Taifeng (石泰峰), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hunan (湖南) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." The development process of our country during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period was extremely unusual and the achievements were extremely extraordinary. Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, which is fundamentally due to the leadership of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes" and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," unswervingly promote comprehensive and strict Party governance, adhere to and strengthen the Party's overall leadership, especially the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, solidly carry out the study and education of establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, take the opportunity of the reshuffle of local leading bodies to strengthen the leading bodies and cadre teams at all levels, coordinate the construction of grassroots Party organizations in various fields, accelerate the cultivation and gathering of outstanding talents in all aspects, and provide a strong organizational guarantee for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Liu Guozhong (刘国中), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, said while participating in the deliberation of the Henan (河南) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." The past year has been very extraordinary. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, our country has achieved great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention and satisfied the people. Practice has once again proved that the "Two Establishes" are the greatest certainty, the greatest confidence, and the greatest guarantee for responding to all uncertainties. We must resolutely implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, maintain strategic focus, solidly promote high-quality development, and achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must anchor agricultural and rural modernization, deeply study and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" project, unremittingly grasp grain production, continuously consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, and solidly promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. We must focus on the construction of a healthy China, strengthen basic medical and health services, deepen the reform of public hospitals, and strengthen medical insurance services and fund supervision.
Li Ganjie (李干杰), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Shaanxi (陕西) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. The achievements made in the past year were extremely hard-won. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, with a broad pattern of vision, far-reaching strategic considerations, a strong sense of historical responsibility, and a clear people's position, took into account the internal and external, the point and the surface, the quality and the quantity, the stability and the progress, leading the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and move forward under pressure, handing over a brilliant answer sheet of development towards the new and the better, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps. Practice has once again shown that firmly supporting the "Two Establishes" and resolutely achieving the "Two Safeguards" are the greatest confidence and bottom line for doing all work well. The first year of the "15th Five-Year Plan" is of great significance and the tasks are arduous. The United Front system must accurately grasp the political requirements and political role of the United Front work, base itself on reality, take the lead in doing practical work, unite and struggle together under the overall situation, and ensure that the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee are implemented and effective with a correct view of political achievements.
Li Shulei (李书磊), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Jiangxi (江西) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps. In the past year, China's economy has moved forward under pressure and developed towards the new and the better, the people's living standards have continued to improve, and the confidence in promoting high-quality development has become more firm. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," deepen the study and publicity and education of the Party's innovative theories, and better unify thinking, unify will, and unify action. We must prosper and develop socialist culture, stimulate cultural innovation and creativity, deepen the systematic reform of mainstream media, and create a good atmosphere for a good start and a good step for the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Gansu (甘肃) delegation that under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country have overcome difficulties and worked hard, the "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, fully demonstrating that the "Two Establishes" have decisive significance for the development of the Party and the country in the new era and for promoting the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must enhance the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," achieve the "Two Safeguards," fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, fully and deeply understand and grasp the strategic deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, adhere to, use well, and develop the Party's leadership as the greatest advantage, establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, adhere to making political achievements for the people and making political achievements with practical work, and implement the Party Central Committee's various decisions and deployments without compromise to ensure the realization of a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
He Lifeng (何立峰), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, said while participating in the deliberation of the Inner Mongolia (内蒙古) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." The past year and the five years of the "14th Five-Year Plan" have been extremely unusual and extremely extraordinary. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to calmly respond to various shocks and challenges, overcome numerous difficulties, successfully complete the main goals and tasks of the whole year, the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, and the cause of the Party and the country has achieved new major achievements. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," implement the goals and tasks determined by the Party Central Committee with the spirit of **钉钉子** (dīng dīng zi - "nailing nails," to do something with perseverance and precision), and strive to achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." Inner Mongolia (内蒙古) must thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech and the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, conscientiously and solidly carry out the study and education of establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, and promote the development of various undertakings to a new level.
Zhang Guoqing (张国清), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, said while participating in the deliberation of the Tibet (西藏) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." In the past year, we have responded to the uncertainty of the international environment with the certainty of high-quality development. China's economy has moved forward under pressure and developed towards the new and the better. The "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, which is fundamentally due to the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee with practical actions, and strive to make political achievements for the people and make political achievements with practical work. We must fully implement the Party's strategy for governing Tibet (西藏) in the new era, continue to thoroughly grasp the four major tasks of stability, development, ecology, and strengthening the border, and strive to write a Tibetan (西藏) chapter of Chinese-style modernization.
Chen Wenqing (陈文qing), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission, said while participating in the deliberation of the Heilongjiang (黑龙江) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. In the past year, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) has led us to continue to write a new chapter in the two major miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability. Coordinating development and security, cracking down on prominent illegal and criminal activities in accordance with the law, strengthening the investigation and resolution of contradictions and disputes, the total number of criminal cases, homicides, and letters and visits have all reached the lowest level in this century, and the people's sense of security has been above 98% for six consecutive years. Safe China (平安中国) is universally recognized. The Central Comprehensive Rule of Law Work Conference was held, and General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) made important instructions. The blueprint for the rule of law in China (法治中国) has been drawn. Practice has proved that the "Two Establishes" are the most important political achievements made by the Party in the new era. The political and legal front must firmly support the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, promote the construction of Safe China (平安中国) and Rule of Law China (法治中国), and provide a solid guarantee for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Chen Jining (陈吉宁), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Shanghai (上海) Municipal Party Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Shanghai (上海) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." In the past year, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, and the main goals and tasks of economic and social development for the whole year were successfully completed. The "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, gathering the powerful force to promote Chinese-style modernization. We must profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," enhance the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards." We must take advantage of the situation and make full efforts, transform and upgrade, overcome difficulties and make breakthroughs, continue to deepen the construction of the "Five Centers," deeply implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, accelerate the cultivation and development of new quality productive forces, deepen high-level reform and opening up, solidly promote the construction of people's cities, and ensure a good start and a good step for the "15th Five-Year Plan," and better shoulder the heavy responsibility and make contributions to the whole country.
Chen Min'er (陈敏尔), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Tianjin (天津) Municipal Party Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Tianjin (天津) delegation that he agreed with the government work report. 2025 was very extraordinary, and the achievements were hard-won, which is fundamentally due to the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must connect the past year with the past five years and with the major achievements made since the 18th National Congress of the Party, profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) inspection of Tianjin (天津), fully implement the report's deployment, take the promotion of the coordinated development of Beijing (北京), Tianjin (天津), and Hebei (河北) as a strategic traction, better coordinate regional integration and the integration of Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津), boost consumption and expand investment, technological innovation and industrial innovation, deepen reform and expand opening up, create high-quality life and guarantee basic people's livelihood, development and security, strive to complete the annual goals and tasks, and strive to achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Yuan Jiajun (袁家军), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Chongqing (重庆) Municipal Party Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Chongqing (重庆) delegation that Premier Li Qiang's (李强) government work report was inspiring, morale-boosting, and inspiring, fully demonstrating the great achievements, surging vitality, and broad prospects of China's development. It is a good report that holds high the banner, seeks truth and pragmatism, and gathers consensus. I fully agree. The draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan" is a pragmatic and progressive action program with a clear strategy and a people-oriented approach, which will greatly gather social consensus, strengthen confidence in all sectors, and widely unite forces to promote Chinese-style modernization in depth and draw a blueprint to the end. Chongqing (重庆) must fully implement the spirit of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, focus on consolidating the "two major positioning" and playing the "three roles," continue to create iconic achievements of "leading in the west, advancing in the country, and Chongqing's (重庆) distinctiveness," strive to hand over a high-scoring report for the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan," strive to write a Chongqing (重庆) chapter of Chinese-style modernization, and continuously improve the ability and contribution of serving the overall situation of the country with one region.
Huang Kunming (黄坤明), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Guangdong (广东) Provincial Party Committee, said while participating in the deliberation of the Guangdong (广东) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." Looking at five years from one year, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to successfully conclude the "14th Five-Year Plan" and scientifically plan the "15th Five-Year Plan," stimulate economic potential in high-quality development, open up new prospects for the development of the cause in daring to fight and being good at fighting, and burst out the new atmosphere of the Party, the country, and the people in the internal and external forging. Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps, and the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes" has been further demonstrated. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) personally inspected Guangdong (广东) last year, hoping that Guangdong (广东) would take the lead, set an example, and shoulder the heavy responsibility. We must conscientiously implement the deployments of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平), the Party Central Committee, and the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, focus on achieving the mission of taking the lead, unswervingly shoulder the heavy responsibility, comprehensively promote the construction of a strong province, and ensure a good start and a good step for the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Liu Jinguo (刘金国), Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, and Director of the National Supervisory Commission, said while participating in the deliberation of the Ningxia (宁夏) delegation that the government work report fully implemented the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平). It is a good report that seeks truth and pragmatism, pioneers and advances, and inspires people to forge ahead. The draft outline of the plan conforms to the general trend of development, gathers consensus from all parties, and has clear tasks and detailed content. I fully agree. Looking back at the course of struggle during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and looking at the current international situation of change and chaos, we can more profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes." The Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Supervisory Commission must focus on the overall situation, assume responsibility, and provide a strong guarantee for achieving the goals and tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period with new achievements in rectifying the style of work, strengthening discipline, and fighting corruption.
Wang Xiaohong (王小洪), Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and State Councilor, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hebei (河北) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. In the past year and during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, and the cause of the Party and the country has achieved new major achievements. Chinese-style modernization has taken new solid steps. Practice has once again proved that the "Two Establishes" are the fundamental political guarantee for promoting Chinese-style modernization and continuing to write a new chapter in the two major miracles in the new era and on the new journey. We must firmly support the "Two Establishes," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, better coordinate development and security, and work hard to strengthen the national security system and capacity building, ensure national economic security, improve the level of public safety governance, and improve the social governance system, effectively prevent and resolve various risks, and create a safe and stable political and social environment for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Wang Dongming (王东明), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and Chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, said while participating in the deliberation of the Shanxi (山西) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. In the past year, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to forge ahead and overcome difficulties, promoting new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country, and taking new solid steps in Chinese-style modernization. To do a good job this year, we must unify our thoughts and actions with the Party Central Committee's analysis and judgment of the situation and the major decisions and deployments made, work hard and be pragmatic, and make positive contributions to a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." Trade unions at all levels must firmly support the "Two Establishments," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," unite and guide hundreds of millions of workers to unswervingly listen to the Party and follow the Party, and give full play to the role of hundreds of millions of workers as the main force. We must earnestly fulfill the basic responsibilities of safeguarding rights and providing services, help workers solve problems and difficulties, and continuously enhance the sense of gain, happiness, and security of the broad masses of workers.
Xiao Jie (肖捷), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hubei (湖北) delegation that the government work report made by Premier Li Qiang (李强) reviewed and summarized the main government work in 2025 and the major achievements made during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, elaborated on the main goals and major tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, and proposed the overall requirements, policy orientations, and key tasks for economic and social development in 2026. He agreed with this report. In the past year, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, successfully completing the main goals and tasks of economic and social development for the whole year, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion. This year is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must thoroughly implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, earnestly do all kinds of work well, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, promote high-quality development, further comprehensively deepen reform and expand opening up, enhance people's well-being, prevent and resolve risks in key areas, maintain social harmony and stability, and ensure a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Zheng Jianbang (郑建邦), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Shandong (山东) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." In the past year, facing the complex and volatile international situation and the arduous and heavy tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, promoting new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country, the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization took solid steps. This year is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must promote the coordinated efforts of people's livelihood consumption, service consumption, and productive consumption to consolidate the foundation for domestic demand growth; further eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation, strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition supervision, and promote the construction of a unified national market in depth; and based on the resource endowments and industrial foundations of various regions, adhere to technological innovation to lead industrial innovation, and accelerate the cultivation and expansion of emerging industries and future industries.
Ding Zhongli (丁仲礼), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Jilin (吉林) delegation that in 2025, facing the profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, the State Council and its constituent departments unswervingly implemented the new development concept, promoted high-quality development, focused on stabilizing economic operation, adhered to innovation-driven development, further deepened reform and opening up, promoted coordinated urban-rural development, effectively enhanced people's well-being, focused on protecting the ecological environment, continuously strengthened government construction, maintained social harmony and stability, achieved new achievements in major-country diplomacy, and successfully completed the main goals and tasks for the whole year, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion. The government work report made by Premier Li Qiang (李强) plans the main goals and major tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan" with both a down-to-earth and ambitious approach, and the deployment of this year's government work is clear in its goals and highlights key points, drawing a new blueprint for successfully completing the annual economic and social development goals and ensuring a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." I fully agree.
Cai Dafeng (蔡达峰), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Anhui (安徽) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report. Since the implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan," the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the entire Party and the people of the whole country to focus on promoting high-quality development, the economy has moved forward against pressure, moving towards new and better directions, the overall social situation has remained stable, the "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, new progress has been made in reform and opening up, and Chinese-style modernization has taken solid steps. 2026 is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must comprehensively, deeply, and accurately understand and grasp the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, attach great importance to the requirements and role of social development on economic development, and promote the coordinated development of the economy and society. We must fully mobilize the enthusiasm of business entities and jointly do a good job in stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations, and create a good situation for coordinated development. We must adhere to the people-centered approach, focus on improving people's livelihood, promote social development, and better reflect the effectiveness of coordinated economic and social development.
He Wei (何维), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hunan (湖南) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report made by Premier Li Qiang (李强). In 2025, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, and the main goals and tasks of economic and social development were successfully completed, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion. China's economy moved forward against pressure, demonstrating strong resilience; the development mode moved towards new and better directions, demonstrating vigorous vitality. The report focuses on stabilizing growth, promoting development, and benefiting people's livelihood, anchoring reasonable growth targets, highlighting domestic demand-led and innovation-driven approaches, which not only addresses current development problems but also plans the "15th Five-Year Plan" blueprint with a long-term perspective. The policy orientation is clear, and the work deployment is solid, pointing out the direction for the whole year's work and laying a solid foundation for a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." Practice has proven that resolutely achieving the "Two Safeguards" is the most important political guarantee for ensuring that the cause of the Party and the country overcomes difficulties and constantly wins victories, and it is also the greatest institutional advantage and political advantage of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Wu Weihua (武维华), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hainan (海南) delegation that 2025 was a very extraordinary year. Facing the profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and work hard, coordinating the overall domestic and international situations, promoting the national economy to move forward against pressure, moving towards new and better directions, the comprehensive national strength reached a new level, the development of new quality productive forces achieved remarkable results, people's livelihood security continued to be strengthened, the overall social situation remained stable, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion. The achievements were hard-won, and the fundamental reason lies in the leadership and helm of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The government work report holds high the banner, seeks truth and is pragmatic, and is inspiring. I fully agree. In 2026, we must follow the "15th Five-Year Plan" blueprint drawn by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, gather broad consensus, grasp the implementation, and strive to lay a solid foundation and make a good start in the opening year, and strive to write a new chapter in high-quality development.
Tie Ning (铁凝), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Hubei (湖北) delegation that the government work report and the draft outline of the plan profoundly reflect the rich contemporary value and historical significance of the "Two Combinations" in our Party's governance of the country, and I fully agree. The development process of the past year has been extremely extraordinary, and the achievements have been extremely hard-won. The fundamental reason lies in the leadership and helm of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This year is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." We must firmly support the "Two Establishments," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," adhere to and encourage our original aspirations and missions, establish and practice a correct view of performance, closely focus on the central tasks of the Party and the country, and in particular, strengthen the tracking and analysis of the situation and research and judgment on coordinating the development and security of artificial intelligence and promoting the coordinated development of population and economic society, and solidly implement the medium- and long-term goals and tasks into the annual work deployment, and be pragmatic and determined, and forge ahead on the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Tibet (西藏) delegation that the government work report runs through Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, with a high position, seeking truth and being pragmatic, and inspiring people to forge ahead. In particular, the accelerated advancement of the Yarlung Zangbo River (雅鲁藏布江) downstream hydropower project, the Sichuan-Tibet Railway (川藏铁路), and other century-long projects concerning the long-term stability and high-quality development of Tibet (西藏) is full of the deep care of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core for the people of all ethnic groups in ethnic areas. I fully agree and resolutely support it. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for Tibet (西藏) to lay a solid foundation and fully exert its efforts to basically realize socialist modernization together with the whole country. We must firmly support the "Two Establishments" and achieve the "Two Safeguards," comprehensively implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions on Tibet (西藏) work and the Party's strategy for governing Tibet (治藏) in the new era, firmly establish and practice a correct view of performance, closely focus on consolidating the sense of community of the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese national community, focus on the "four major tasks" and take responsibility, and strive to write a new chapter in the practice of Chinese-style modernization in Tibet (西藏).
Shohrat Zakir (雪克来提·扎克尔), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, said while participating in the deliberation of the Xinjiang (新疆) delegation that the government work report summarizes the achievements objectively and specifically, and the deployment of work is scientific and reasonable. I fully agree. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," facing the profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has taken an overall view and met the challenges head-on, unswervingly doing its own thing well. China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength, and international influence have reached a new level. The fundamental reason for these achievements lies in General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) steering and leadership and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards," comprehensively implement the Party Central Committee's major decisions and deployments, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, closely focus on consolidating the sense of community of the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese national community, solidly do all kinds of work in Xinjiang (新疆), and strive to achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
State Councilor and Secretary-General of the State Council Wu Zhenglong (吴政隆) said while participating in the deliberation of the Heilongjiang (黑龙江) delegation that he fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." In the past year, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core effectively coordinated domestic economic work and international economic and trade struggles, coordinated development and security, promoted the economy to move forward against pressure and develop in a new and better direction, achieved a successful conclusion to the "14th Five-Year Plan," and Chinese-style modernization took new solid steps. Practice has fully proven that the "Two Establishments" are our greatest certainty, greatest confidence, and greatest guarantee for overcoming all difficulties and obstacles and responding to all uncertainties. We must effectively unify our thoughts and actions with the Party Central Committee's scientific judgment and decision-making and deployment of the situation, concentrate our efforts on doing our own thing well, strive to achieve the goals and tasks of economic and social development for the whole year, and ensure a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan," and firmly support the "Two Establishments" and resolutely achieve the "Two Safeguards" with practical actions and achievements.
State Councilor Shen Yiqin (谌贻琴) said while participating in the deliberation of the Guangdong (广东) delegation that she fully agreed with the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan." In the past five years, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to effectively respond to shocks and challenges, and promote new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) led us to calmly respond to major-country games, and the external struggle has shown the ambition, backbone, and confidence of the Chinese people; he devoted himself to enhancing the strength of a major country, promoting the effective improvement of the quality and the reasonable growth of the economy; he fully tapped the potential of the economy, offsetting the uncertainty of the international cycle with the stability of the domestic cycle; and he powerfully demonstrated the responsibility of a major country, injecting rare stability and certainty into the world. We must more deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments" and be more firm and conscious in achieving the "Two Safeguards." To implement the government work report, we must take stabilizing employment as the top priority, continue to boost cultural tourism and sports consumption, and resolutely secure the bottom line of people's livelihood.
Zhang Jun (张军), President of the Supreme People's Court, said while participating in the deliberation of the Henan (河南) delegation that the "14th Five-Year Plan" has come to a successful conclusion, and the construction of Chinese-style modernization has a unique beauty, once again demonstrating the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments." The government work report closely focuses on the goals and tasks of the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan," responds to the needs of development, responds to the expectations of people's livelihood, and reflects the strategic determination of taking one step at a time. The outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan" draws a blueprint to the end, demonstrating institutional advantages and firm institutional confidence. I fully agree with the government work report and the draft outline. The people's courts will take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as a guide, thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on the rule of law, implement the Ecological Environment Code, establish and practice a correct view of performance, strictly and impartially administer justice, earnestly settle disputes, and serve and guarantee the implementation of tasks such as building a strong domestic market, accelerating high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, and expanding high-level opening up, and provide strong judicial guarantees for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Ying Yong (应勇), Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, said while participating in the deliberation of the Anhui (安徽) delegation that the government work report adheres to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as a guide, plans current development and anchors long-term goals, is based on domestic realities and grasps international trends, and reflects the orderly connection between the "year of completion" and the "year of opening." It is a good report that holds high the banner, seeks truth and is pragmatic, unites people's hearts, and inspires people. In 2025, under the leadership and helm of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, China's economy moved forward against pressure and developed in a new and better direction, the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization took new solid steps. The "Two Establishments" and "Two Safeguards" are the greatest certainty for the Party and the country to cope with all uncertainties. The procuratorial organs must closely focus on the central tasks and primary tasks of the Party and the country to perform their duties and responsibilities, fulfill their responsibilities as national legal supervision organs, and provide strong judicial guarantees for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Return to TopCommissioned by the State Council (国务院), the Ministry of Finance (财政部) submitted the "Report on the Implementation of the Central and Local Budgets for 2025 and the Draft Central and Local Budgets for 2026" to the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress (十四届全国人大四次会议) for review on March 5. The abstract is as follows:
I. Implementation of the Central and Local Budgets for 2025
(I) Revenue and Expenditure of the General Public Budget for 2025.
1. National General Public Budget.
The national general public budget revenue was 21,604.488 billion yuan, accounting for 98.3% of the budget, a decrease of 1.7% compared to 2024. Among them, tax revenue was 17,636.323 billion yuan, an increase of 0.8%; non-tax revenue was 3,968.165 billion yuan, a decrease of 11.3%, mainly due to the high base caused by the one-time arrangement for central units to turn over special income in the previous year. Adding 1,575.378 billion yuan transferred from the budget stabilization fund, government fund budget, state-owned capital operation budget, and the use of carry-over and surplus funds, the total revenue was 23,179.866 billion yuan. The national general public budget expenditure was 28,739.542 billion yuan, completing 96.8% of the budget, an increase of 1%, mainly due to the implementation of the requirements for Party and government agencies to **勒紧腰带** (lè jǐn yāo dài - "tighten the belt," to practice austerity) and reduce non-essential and non-priority expenditures, as well as some actual settlement expenditures being lower than initially expected. Adding 100.324 billion yuan to supplement the central budget stabilization fund, the total expenditure was 28,839.866 billion yuan. Offsetting the total revenue and expenditure, the deficit was 5,660 billion yuan, which was the same as the budget.
2. Central General Public Budget.
The central general public budget revenue was 9,396.262 billion yuan, accounting for 96.9% of the budget, a decrease of 6.5%. Adding 100 billion yuan transferred from the central budget stabilization fund and 240 billion yuan transferred from the central state-owned capital operation budget, the total revenue was 9,736.262 billion yuan. The central general public budget expenditure was 14,495.938 billion yuan, completing 98.3% of the budget, an increase of 2.8%. Adding 100.324 billion yuan to supplement the central budget stabilization fund, the total expenditure was 14,596.262 billion yuan. Offsetting the total revenue and expenditure, the central fiscal deficit was 4,860 billion yuan, which was the same as the budget.
The surplus of the central general public budget expenditure in 2025 was 250.062 billion yuan (including 50 billion yuan of central reserve funds, which were not arranged for use and transferred to the current year's expenditure surplus). After deducting 149.738 billion yuan used to balance budget revenue and expenditure, 100.324 billion yuan was used to supplement the central budget stabilization fund. Adding 7.431 billion yuan supplemented by the carry-over and surplus funds of the central government fund, the balance of the central budget stabilization fund at the end of 2025 was 290.456 billion yuan.
3. Local General Public Budget.
The local general public budget revenue was 22,400.74 billion yuan, of which the local revenue was 12,208.226 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4%; the central government's transfer payment revenue to local governments was 10,192.514 billion yuan. Adding 1,235.378 billion yuan transferred from the local budget stabilization fund, government fund budget, state-owned capital operation budget, and the use of carry-over and surplus funds, the total revenue was 23,636.118 billion yuan. The local general public budget expenditure was 24,436.118 billion yuan, an increase of 0.2%, accounting for 85% of the national general public budget expenditure. Offsetting the total revenue and expenditure, the local fiscal deficit was 800 billion yuan, which was the same as the budget.
(II) Revenue and Expenditure of the Government Fund Budget for 2025.
The national government fund budget revenue was 5,770.355 billion yuan, accounting for 92.3% of the budget, a decrease of 7%, mainly due to the decrease in local state-owned land use right transfer income. Adding 38.507 billion yuan of carry-over income from 2024, 1,300 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special national debt income, 500 billion yuan of special national debt income for capital injection into central financial institutions, and 4,400 billion yuan of income raised by local governments issuing special bonds, the total revenue was 12,008.862 billion yuan. The national government fund budget expenditure was 11,287.354 billion yuan, completing 90.4% of the budget, an increase of 11.3%.
The central government fund budget revenue was 505.588 billion yuan, accounting for 99.5% of the budget, an increase of 6.8%. The central government fund budget expenditure was 2,277.98 billion yuan, completing 97.1% of the budget.
The local government fund budget local revenue was 5,264.767 billion yuan, a decrease of 8.2%. The local government fund budget expenditure was 10,188.941 billion yuan, an increase of 5.3%.
(III) Revenue and Expenditure of the State-Owned Capital Operation Budget for 2025.
The national state-owned capital operation budget revenue was 854.695 billion yuan, accounting for 135.1% of the budget, an increase of 25.8%. The national state-owned capital operation budget expenditure was 264.731 billion yuan, completing 93.8% of the budget, a decrease of 15.1%.
The central state-owned capital operation budget revenue was 390.274 billion yuan. The central state-owned capital operation budget expenditure was 129.705 billion yuan, completing 92.4% of the budget, a decrease of 16.6%.
The local state-owned capital operation budget local revenue was 464.421 billion yuan, an increase of 2.3%. The local state-owned capital operation budget expenditure was 138.412 billion yuan, a decrease of 13.7%, mainly due to the reduction of expenditures for resolving historical legacy issues.
(IV) Revenue and Expenditure of the Social Insurance Fund Budget for 2025.
The national social insurance fund budget revenue was 12,603.368 billion yuan, accounting for 101.3% of the budget, an increase of 4.9%. The national social insurance fund budget expenditure was 11,141.41 billion yuan, completing 98.3% of the budget, an increase of 5.4%. The current year's revenue and expenditure surplus was 1,461.958 billion yuan, and the accumulated surplus at the end of the year was 15,956.253 billion yuan.
At the end of 2025, the balance of national debt was 41,231.768 billion yuan, which was controlled within the national debt limit of 41,860.835 billion yuan approved by the National People's Congress (全国人大); the balance of local government debt was 54,823.082 billion yuan (including local government debt used to replace existing implicit debt), including a general debt balance of 17,512.036 billion yuan and a special debt balance of 37,311.046 billion yuan, which was controlled within the local government debt limit approved by the National People's Congress (全国人大).
(V) Implementation of Major Fiscal and Tax Policies and Key Fiscal Work in 2025.
Implement a more proactive fiscal policy. Solidly promote high-quality development. Effectively guarantee and improve people's livelihood. Prevent and resolve risks in key areas. Deepen fiscal management reform.
II. Draft Central and Local Budgets for 2026
(I) Analysis of the Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure Situation in 2026.
From the perspective of fiscal revenue, the implementation of macro-combination policies will take effect, and high-quality development will be steadily promoted, providing support for the growth of fiscal revenue. From the perspective of fiscal expenditure, the "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for laying the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization. In the first year, the demand for fiscal expenditure in various fields is relatively large, and key expenditures such as scientific and technological innovation, rural revitalization, and industrial transformation and upgrading will increase rigidly; basic people's livelihood such as elderly care, education, and medical care needs to continue to be strengthened; to promote the equalization of basic public services, transfer payments need to maintain a certain level of intensity. Overall, the pressure on fiscal revenue and expenditure balance in 2026 is relatively large. We must strengthen our confidence, make good use of our advantages, respond to challenges, scientifically and rationally prepare the budget, strengthen the implementation of policies and pre-research reserves, and continuously consolidate and expand the momentum of economic stability and improvement.
(II) Overall Requirements for Budget Preparation and Fiscal Work in 2026.
To do a good job in budget preparation and fiscal work in 2026, we must, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee (党中央) with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) as the core, take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想) as the guidance, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (党的二十大) and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly implement the deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee (党的二十届四中全会) and the Central Economic Work Conference (中央经济工作会议), fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, focus on promoting high-quality development, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, coordinate the two overall situations of domestic and international affairs, better coordinate development and security, implement a more proactive fiscal policy and improve its accuracy and effectiveness, optimize increments, revitalize stocks, focus on expanding domestic demand, optimizing structure, increasing momentum, and benefiting people's livelihood, focus on stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations, focus on promoting reform, strengthening management, preventing risks, and increasing efficiency, promote the effective improvement of economic quality and the rational growth of quantity, maintain social harmony and stability, and provide strong guarantees for achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan".
In 2026, we will continue to implement a more proactive fiscal policy. "More proactive" is not only reflected in expanding the scale of funds, but also in improving the efficiency of fund use. It mainly includes five aspects: First, expand the size of fiscal expenditure to ensure the necessary expenditure intensity. Second, optimize the combination of government bond instruments to better leverage the benefits of bonds. Third, improve the effectiveness of transfer payment funds and enhance local governments' autonomous and usable financial resources. Fourth, continue to optimize the expenditure structure and strengthen the guarantee of key areas. Fifth, strengthen fiscal and financial coordination to amplify policy effectiveness. In the process of implementing fiscal policy, grasp the timing, intensity, and effectiveness, strengthen execution, and promote high-quality and sustainable development with solid and effective work. First, pay attention to front-loading efforts. Second, pay attention to careful calculation. Third, pay attention to preventing risks. Fourth, pay attention to policy evaluation. Fifth, pay attention to supervision and accountability.
(III) Main Fiscal Policies for 2026.
1. Support the Construction of a Strong Domestic Market.
Introduce and implement a package of fiscal and financial coordination policies to promote domestic demand. Optimize the implementation of personal consumption loan and service industry business entity loan interest subsidy policies, expand the scope of support, increase the upper limit of interest subsidies, and extend the implementation period. Implement interest subsidy policies for loans to small and micro enterprises, establish a special guarantee plan for private investment, establish a risk-sharing mechanism to support private enterprise bonds, optimize the implementation of equipment renewal loan interest subsidy policies, further lower the financing threshold and cost for enterprises, and stimulate the vitality of private investment.
Increase efforts to boost consumption. Deeply implement special actions to boost consumption. Increase residents' income through multiple channels, strengthen redistribution adjustments such as taxation, social security, and transfer payments, and enhance consumption capacity. Support the trade-in of consumer goods, adjust and optimize the scope and standards of subsidies, continue to support the scrapping and replacement of automobiles, the trade-in of home appliances, and the purchase of new digital and smart products, and promote the expansion of commodity consumption. Promote the implementation of actions to improve the quality and benefit the people in service consumption, and support the development of new formats, new models, and new scenarios of consumption. Select some cities to carry out lottery invoice pilots to stimulate consumption potential in retail, catering, accommodation, cultural entertainment, tourism, and other fields. Open duty-free shops in port cities with suitable conditions, support more high-quality merchants to become departure tax refund stores, and vigorously develop inbound consumption.
Focus on expanding effective investment. Coordinate the use of funds such as ultra-long-term special national debt, special bonds, and central budget investment, focus on key areas such as new quality productive forces, new urbanization, and the comprehensive development of people, and improve the quality and effectiveness of investment. Continue to arrange ultra-long-term special national debt funds for the construction of "two major projects". Improve the "negative list" of special bond investment areas.
Deepen the construction of a unified national market. Standardize tax preferential policies, adhere to the principle of tax legality to standardize fiscal subsidy policies, and increase supervision and inspection efforts. Standardize government procurement market order.
2. Support Accelerating the Cultivation and Growth of New Momentum.
Promote industrial transformation and upgrading. Arrange ultra-long-term special national debt to support large-scale equipment renewal, and increase support for equipment renewal for small and medium-sized enterprises. Organize and implement the third batch of pilot cities for new technological transformation of manufacturing, and accelerate the large-scale application of digital and intelligent technologies and green technologies.
Promote the high-quality and efficient development of the service industry. Support the implementation of actions to expand and improve the quality of the service industry, promote the extension of productive service industries to specialization and the high end of the value chain, and promote the high-quality, diversified, and convenient development of life service industries. Implement a new round of national comprehensive freight hub supplementary chain strengthening action, continue to organize and carry out demonstration projects for the digital transformation and upgrading of highway and waterway transportation infrastructure, deeply promote the construction of pilot cities for modern commercial and trade circulation systems, and accelerate the formation of a connected and efficient logistics and commercial and trade system.
Vigorously support enterprise innovation and development. Strengthen the main position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. Comprehensively use tools such as taxation, special funds, government investment funds, and financing guarantees to support the development of high-tech enterprises and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises. Continue to implement fiscal reward and subsidy policies for specialized, refined, and new small and medium-sized enterprises, and guide enterprises to increase R&D investment. Deeply carry out urban pilot projects for the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy.
3. Accelerate High-Level Scientific and Technological Self-Reliance and Self-Strengthening.
Strengthen the guarantee of investment in scientific and technological innovation. Adhere to science and technology as a key area of fiscal investment, and arrange 426.4 billion yuan for science and technology expenditures at the central level, an increase of 10%. Improve the diversified investment mechanism for scientific and technological innovation, give play to the guiding role of fiscal funds, and leverage more social capital and financial resources to invest in scientific and technological innovation. Optimize the management of fiscal science and technology funds and improve the effectiveness of science and technology investment. Improve the regional innovation system, support the construction of international science and technology innovation centers in Beijing (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) (北京（京津冀）), Shanghai (Yangtze River Delta) (上海（长三角）), and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区), and guide local governments to combine national strategic needs and local industrial development needs to create regional innovation highlands with distinctive characteristics.
Strengthen original innovation and key core technology breakthroughs. Support the forward-looking layout of major science and technology projects, and promote the accelerated organization and implementation of national science and technology major projects. Actively support the development of national laboratories and national key laboratories, and deepen the reform of scientific research institutions.
Promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Support the classified promotion of university reform, accelerate the construction of universities and advantageous disciplines with Chinese characteristics and world-class standards, increase efforts to implement basic disciplines and interdisciplinary breakthrough plans, strengthen the talent gathering and training functions of scientific research institutions and innovation platforms, and cultivate top-notch innovative talents. Deeply implement various science and technology talent plans, comprehensively cultivate, introduce, and use science and technology innovation talents, and accelerate the construction of national strategic talent forces.
4. Increase Efforts to Guarantee and Improve People's Livelihood.
Deeply implement the employment-first strategy. The central government arranges employment subsidy funds, improves the employment support and public service system, stabilizes and expands employment for key groups such as college graduates, and strengthens assistance to rural migrant workers and groups with employment difficulties. Continue to implement temporary measures such as stable job return, promote actions to stabilize, expand, and improve the quality of jobs, expand the scale of employment, and improve the quality of employment. Deeply carry out large-scale vocational skills improvement training and cultivate more skilled talents. Encourage and support flexible employment personnel and new employment form personnel to participate in employee social insurance, and establish and improve a vocational injury保障制度.
Promote education equity and quality improvement. The central general public budget arranges 192.5 billion yuan for education expenditures at the central level, an increase of 5%. Improve the free preschool education policy, promote the balanced development of compulsory education with high quality and the universal development of preschool education with high quality, support the increase in the supply of ordinary high school places and the improvement of the operating capacity of vocational schools, expand the enrollment scale of high-quality university undergraduate education, and further enhance the people's sense of educational gain. Implement student financial aid policies and provide assistance to students from families with economic difficulties.
Improve the service capacity and guarantee level of medical and health care. Deepen the reform of public hospitals oriented towards public welfare, and support the implementation of projects to strengthen the foundation of medical and health care. Promote the construction of a health and health talent team and implement a high-level medical talent plan. Support the inheritance, innovation, and development of traditional Chinese medicine. The per capita fiscal subsidy standard for basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents will be increased by another 24 yuan, reaching 724 yuan per person per year. Strengthen the comprehensive guarantee of the three systems of basic medical insurance, critical illness insurance, and medical assistance, and improve the multi-level medical security system.
Improve the social security system. Strengthen the construction of a multi-level and multi-pillar pension insurance system. Implement the childcare subsidy system well. Promote the construction of a hierarchical and classified social assistance system. Support the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities and strengthen emergency disaster relief guarantees.
Strengthen the social security system. Strengthen the construction of a multi-tiered and multi-pillar pension insurance system. Implement the childcare subsidy system effectively. Promote the construction of a tiered and classified social assistance system. Support disaster prevention and mitigation capacity building, and strengthen emergency disaster relief保障.
Support the development of culture and sports. Improve the public cultural service system, and carry out basic public services such as national reading and public welfare film screenings. Deepen the implementation of the project for inheriting and developing outstanding traditional Chinese culture, and strengthen the systematic protection of cultural heritage. Support the improvement of the quality of tourism public services and promote the deep integration of culture and tourism. Innovate the support methods for literary and artistic creation and production, and increase support and guidance for the creation of excellent content. Promote the deepening of the systematic reform and all-media communication of mainstream media, and enhance the effectiveness of international communication. Support the development of mass sports activities.
5. Promote the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.
Improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, quality, and efficiency. Strengthen support for arable land protection, seed industry revitalization, agricultural technology, and agricultural machinery equipment. Promote the construction of high-standard farmland in zones and categories with high quality. Intensify the implementation of a new round of action to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion kilograms, promote a large-scale increase in the yield per unit area of grain and oil crops, and comprehensively consolidate the foundation of national food security. Increase the interest compensation for major grain-producing areas, implement the inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation policy for producing and marketing areas, and mobilize the enthusiasm of major producing areas for growing grain.
Support the implementation of regular and precise assistance. Adjust the central government's subsidies for connecting rural revitalization to regular assistance funds, maintain the overall stability of the scale, and arrange 177 billion yuan in 2026, focusing on supporting industries, employment, and other assistance. Strengthen the tilted support for key assistance counties for rural revitalization and other underdeveloped areas, develop and strengthen the county economy, improve production and living conditions, and continue to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation.
Promote the construction of a livable, business-friendly, and beautiful countryside. Deeply study and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" Project (千万工程), improve the diversified investment pattern of fiscal priority guarantee, financial key tilt, and active social participation, and promote rural revitalization in categories and orderly in areas. Accelerate the efforts to make up for the shortcomings of modern rural living conditions, and gradually improve the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of the living environment. Promote the deep integration of rural primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, and improve the mechanism for connecting farmers and benefiting farmers.
6. Promote new urbanization and coordinated regional development.
Promote people-oriented new urbanization. Improve the fiscal transfer payment allocation mechanism to promote the equalization of basic public services. The central government has arranged 42 billion yuan in reward funds for the urbanization of agricultural transfer population to support the provision of basic public services by the place of permanent residence. Implement policies such as special bonds to support the acquisition of existing commercial housing for affordable housing.
Enhance the coordination of regional development. Implement and improve regional fiscal and taxation policies, promote the implementation of major regional strategies such as the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀) region, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (长江经济带), the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区), the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta (长三角), and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin (黄河流域), and build the Xiong'an New Area (雄安新区) with high standards and high quality. Support the revitalization and development of old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and resource-exhausted cities. Implement the customs clearance operation cargo tax policy of the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港), introduce a pilot policy of "zero tariffs" on imported goods consumed by residents on the island, and create a new high ground for opening up to the outside world. Encourage local governments to give full play to their advantages and strengths, and support major economic provinces to take the lead.
7. Accelerate the comprehensive green transformation.
Strengthen the comprehensive management of the ecological environment. The central government has arranged 122.9 billion yuan in transfer payments to key ecological function areas, an increase of 2%, to improve the level of basic public services in areas with important ecological functions. Focus on key areas and key areas to fight the tough battle to defend the blue sky, clear waters, and pure land. Deepen the construction of horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanisms in important river basins such as the Yangtze River (长江) and the Yellow River (黄河). Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass, and sand, continue to implement the "Mountains and Rivers Project," and carry out marine ecological protection and restoration and ecological restoration of historical abandoned mines. Promote the construction of a natural reserve system with national parks as the main body, support the scientific implementation of large-scale national land greening actions, and fight the tough battle of the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Project (三北工程).
Actively and steadily promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Optimize government green procurement policies and increase the procurement of energy-saving and environmentally friendly products. Give play to the role of the National Green Development Fund and guide social capital to continuously increase investment in key areas such as environmental protection, clean energy, and green transportation. Vigorously support the development of renewable energy.
8. Do a good job in fiscal support for national defense, foreign affairs, and political and legal affairs.
(4) Estimated general public budget revenue and expenditure arrangements for 2026.
1. Central General Public Budget. The central general public budget revenue is 9,567 billion yuan, an increase of 1.8% compared with the 2025 execution number. Plus 100 billion yuan transferred from the central budget stabilization regulation fund and 250 billion yuan transferred from the central state-owned capital operation budget, the total revenue is 9,917 billion yuan. The central general public budget expenditure is 15,007 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%. After offsetting the total revenue and expenditure, the central fiscal deficit is 5,090 billion yuan, an increase of 230 billion yuan compared with 2025, which will be made up by issuing national debt.
(1) The central government's own expenditure is 4,542 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5%.
(2) Transfer payments to local governments are 10,415 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2%.
(3) The central reserve fund is 50 billion yuan, which is the same as in 2025.
2. Local General Public Budget. The local general public budget revenue is 12,503 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4%. Plus 10,415 billion yuan in transfer payment revenue from the central government to local governments and 1,700 billion yuan in funds transferred in by local finance and the use of carry-over and carry-over balances, the total revenue is 24,618 billion yuan. The local general public budget expenditure is 25,418 billion yuan, an increase of 4%. The local fiscal deficit is 800 billion yuan, which is the same as in 2025, which will be made up by issuing local government general bonds.
3. National General Public Budget. Summarizing the central and local budgets, the national general public budget revenue is 22,070 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2%. Plus 205 billion yuan in funds transferred in and the use of carry-over and carry-over balances, the total revenue is 24,120 billion yuan. The national general public budget expenditure is 30,010 billion yuan (including the central reserve fund of 50 billion yuan), an increase of 4.4%. The deficit is 5,890 billion yuan, an increase of 230 billion yuan compared with 2025.
(5) Estimated government fund budget revenue and expenditure arrangements for 2026.
The central government fund budget revenue is 543.169 billion yuan, an increase of 7.4%. Plus 58.684 billion yuan in carry-over revenue from the previous year, 1,300 billion yuan in revenue from ultra-long-term special national bonds, and 300 billion yuan in revenue from special national bonds for capital injection into central financial institutions, the total revenue is 2,201.853 billion yuan. The central government fund budget expenditure is 2,201.853 billion yuan.
The local government fund budget revenue is 526.4432 billion yuan, which is basically the same as the previous year. Plus 118.7295 billion yuan in transfer payment revenue from the central government fund budget to local governments and 440 billion yuan in local government special debt revenue, the total revenue is 1,085.1727 billion yuan. The local government fund budget expenditure is 1,085.1727 billion yuan, an increase of 6.5%.
Summarizing the central and local budgets, the national government fund budget revenue is 580.7601 billion yuan, an increase of 0.6%. Plus 58.684 billion yuan in carry-over revenue from the previous year, 1,300 billion yuan in revenue from ultra-long-term special national bonds, 300 billion yuan in revenue from special national bonds for capital injection into central financial institutions, and 440 billion yuan in local government special debt revenue, the total revenue is 1,186.6285 billion yuan. The national government fund budget expenditure is 1,186.6285 billion yuan, an increase of 5.1%.
(6) Estimated state-owned capital operation budget revenue and expenditure arrangements for 2026.
The central state-owned capital operation budget revenue is 371.632 billion yuan, a decrease of 4.8%, mainly due to the decline in profits of some central enterprises in 2025. Plus 25.991 billion yuan in carry-over revenue from the previous year, the total revenue is 397.623 billion yuan. The central state-owned capital operation budget expenditure is 147.623 billion yuan, an increase of 13.8%.
The local state-owned capital operation budget revenue is 424.982 billion yuan, a decrease of 8.5%, mainly due to the decline in profits of local state-owned enterprises in 2025. The local state-owned capital operation budget expenditure is 147.872 billion yuan, an increase of 6.8%.
Summarizing the central and local budgets, the national state-owned capital operation budget revenue is 796.614 billion yuan, a decrease of 6.8%. Plus 25.991 billion yuan in carry-over revenue from the previous year, the total revenue is 822.605 billion yuan. The national state-owned capital operation budget expenditure is 292.117 billion yuan, an increase of 10.3%. 530.488 billion yuan will be transferred to the general public budget.
(7) Estimated social insurance fund budget revenue and expenditure arrangements for 2026.
The central social insurance fund budget revenue is 33.895 billion yuan, a decrease of 11%, mainly due to the corresponding reduction in fiscal subsidies to the fund in 2026, taking into account the fund's accumulated balance and other factors; the expenditure is 39.248 billion yuan, an increase of 4.5%.
The local social insurance fund budget revenue is 1,305.5074 billion yuan, an increase of 3.9%; the expenditure is 1,177.5173 billion yuan, an increase of 6%. Summarizing the central and local budgets, the national social insurance fund budget revenue is 1,308.9039 billion yuan, an increase of 3.9%. The national social insurance fund budget expenditure is 1,181.4421 billion yuan, an increase of 6%. The surplus of revenue and expenditure in the current year is 127.4618 billion yuan, and the accumulated balance at the end of the year is 1,733.3618 billion yuan.
In 2026, the national debt limit is 4,855,083.5 billion yuan; the local government general debt limit is 1,886,892.2 billion yuan, and the special debt limit is 4,431,850.8 billion yuan.
III. Solidly do a good job in fiscal reform and development in 2026
(1) Implement a more proactive fiscal policy.
(2) Adhere to the principle of government agencies living frugally.
(3) Improve the efficiency of the use of fiscal funds.
(4) Deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system.
(5) Safeguard the bottom line of "three guarantees" at the grassroots level.
(6) Strengthen the management of local government debt.
(7) Strictly enforce financial and economic discipline.
(Xinhua News Agency Beijing (北京), March 5)
Entrusted by the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Vice Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, delivered an explanation on the "Environmental Code of the People's Republic of China (Draft)" to the fourth session of the 14th NPC on March 5. The summary of the explanation is as follows:
I. The Great Significance of Compiling the Environmental Code
Compiling the Environmental Code is a major political and legislative task deployed by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) explicitly proposed "compiling the Environmental Code." The compilation of the Environmental Code is to systematically integrate, compile, and refine the existing environmental legal system, forming a code that is guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, and that has Chinese characteristics, reflects the characteristics of the times, reflects the will of the people, and is systematically standardized and coordinated. This is a systematic and major legislative project.
The innovative development of ecological civilization construction since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th CPC National Congress, has laid a good practical, institutional, and social foundation for compiling the Environmental Code. First, since the 18th CPC National Congress, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has regarded ecological civilization construction as a fundamental plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, and has carried out a series of pioneering works. The determination, intensity, and effectiveness have been unprecedented. Ecological civilization construction has undergone historic, transformative, and comprehensive changes from theory to practice, achieving major transformations from focusing on key rectification to systematic governance, from passively responding to proactively acting, from being a participant in global environmental governance to a leader, and from practical exploration to scientific theoretical guidance. Significant strides have been made in building a beautiful China, and the achievements of ecological civilization construction in the new era are world-renowned, providing a practical foundation and valuable experience for compiling the Environmental Code. Second, since the 18th CPC National Congress, the environmental legal system has kept pace with the times, improved, and developed, achieving an overall "upgrade," with significant achievements. The current effective 30-plus environmental laws, more than 100 administrative regulations, more than 1,000 local regulations, as well as relevant judicial interpretations, rules and regulations, and policy measures, have provided guarantees for promoting ecological civilization construction through the rule of law, and have also provided a solid foundation for compiling the Environmental Code. Third, the concept that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" has taken root in people's hearts. Protecting the ecological environment and forming a green and low-carbon production and lifestyle have become a consensus of the whole society. The people have higher expectations for the quality of the ecological environment and hope to protect the ecological environment and promote green development with the strictest system and the most stringent rule of law.
Entering a new era and embarking on a new journey, compiling the Environmental Code will enshrine the theoretical, institutional, and practical achievements of ecological civilization construction since the 18th CPC National Congress in a codified manner, and improve the environmental legal system, which has great and far-reaching significance.
(I) Compiling the Environmental Code is an inevitable requirement for implementing Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization and promoting the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization is the theoretical sublimation and practical crystallization of our Party's unremitting exploration of ecological civilization construction. It is a major achievement of combining the basic principles of Marxism with the practice of ecological civilization construction in China and with the excellent traditional Chinese ecological culture. This important thought originates from practice and guides practice, making comprehensive plans for the overall thinking, major principles, goals, tasks, paths, and methods of ecological civilization construction, providing fundamental guidelines and action plans for promoting ecological civilization construction in the new era. Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, which puts forward new and higher requirements for ecological civilization construction. At present, China's ecological civilization construction is facing the two major strategic tasks of fundamentally improving the ecological environment and achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and is still in a critical period of overlapping pressures and heavy burdens. The task of promoting the construction of a beautiful China and promoting the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature is still arduous. Compiling the Environmental Code, fully implementing Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, and systematically embodying the theoretical, institutional, and practical achievements of ecological civilization construction in the new era through codification, is conducive to further highlighting the guiding position of Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, ensuring that ecological civilization construction always advances in the right direction, and is of great significance for comprehensively promoting the construction of a beautiful China and accelerating the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
(II) Compiling the Environmental Code is a necessary measure to adhere to the comprehensive rule of law and promote ecological civilization construction in the new era on the track of the rule of law.
Adhering to the comprehensive rule of law requires incorporating ecological civilization construction into the track of institutionalization and the rule of law, and ensuring good governance with good laws. China's environmental legal system provides a practical legal guarantee for ecological civilization construction, and has the characteristics of wide coverage, large volume, and rich content, involving both the ecological environment supervision and management system and mechanism and the basic supervision and management system, as well as the contents of pollution prevention and control, ecological protection, and green and low-carbon development. Compiling the Environmental Code is not a simple compilation of laws, nor is it a completely new establishment, but a systematic integration, compilation, and refinement of China's existing environmental legal system, mechanisms, rules, and norms in a codified legislative manner, adapting to new situations and new requirements to carry out necessary institutional innovation, enhancing the systematicness, integrity, coordination, and timeliness of China's environmental legal system, and compiling a high-quality code that can stand the test of history and practice. This is of great significance for promoting the comprehensive rule of law, further promoting ecological civilization construction in the new era on the track of the rule of law, and better playing the guaranteeing role of the rule of law in consolidating the foundation, stabilizing expectations, and benefiting the long term.
(III) Compiling the Environmental Code is an objective requirement for implementing the new development concept and simultaneously promoting high-quality development and high-level protection.
Promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of economic and social development is a key link in achieving high-quality development and a fundamental strategy for solving China's ecological and environmental problems. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "High-quality development and high-level protection are mutually reinforcing and complementary. High-level protection is an important support for high-quality development, and high-quality development that prioritizes ecology and is green and low-carbon can only be achieved with high-level protection." Compiling the Environmental Code is to stand at the height of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, comprehensively consider ecological and environmental factors such as atmosphere, water, and soil, adhere to the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands, synergistically promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, address the common, comprehensive, or universal problems that restrict high-quality development and high-level protection in the ecological and environmental field, improve the general institutional norms in the ecological and environmental field, integrate and optimize the legal and institutional norms for pollution prevention and control, coordinate the legal and institutional norms for ecological protection, and make principled and leading provisions on green and low-carbon development, climate change response, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and improve the legal responsibility system in the ecological and environmental field. This is of great significance for implementing the new development concept and simultaneously promoting high-quality development and high-level protection, and will help to better achieve protection in development and development in protection.
(IV) Compiling the Environmental Code is an inevitable requirement for adhering to the people-centered development philosophy and enhancing people's well-being.
Ecological civilization construction is a major political issue related to the Party's mission and purpose, and a major social issue related to people's well-being. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "For human survival, gold and silver mountains are certainly important, but lucid waters and lush mountains are an important part of people's happy life and cannot be replaced by money." As the main social contradiction in our country has been transformed into the contradiction between the people's growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, the people's need for a beautiful ecological environment has become an important aspect of this contradiction. The construction of ecological civilization in the new era has made remarkable achievements, and the quality of the ecological environment has continued to improve, but the task of ecological and environmental protection is still arduous, and some new situations and new problems are still faced in practice. Compiling the Environmental Code, actively adapting to new situations and new requirements, earnestly listening to the opinions and voices of the people, and focusing on providing legal guarantees for solving the outstanding ecological and environmental problems that the people strongly reflect, so that the achievements of the construction of a beautiful China can benefit all the people more and more fairly, is an inevitable requirement for practicing the Party's purpose, and is of great significance for continuously enhancing the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security.
(V) Compiling the Environmental Code is an inherent requirement for improving the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics and making the legal system more scientific, complete, unified, and authoritative.
The socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics is dynamic, open, and developing. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out in his important speech at the Central People's Congress Work Conference in 2021: "As the times progress and practice develops, new demands are constantly being placed on the construction of the legal system, and the legal system must be improved in keeping with the times." Compiling the Environmental Code, adapting to the new requirements for the construction of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, is not only of great significance for improving the environmental legal system, but will also have a profound impact on promoting the continuous improvement of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. After the promulgation of the Environmental Code, China will form an environmental legal system composed of the Environmental Code as the leader and related special laws, making the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics keep pace with the times and be more scientific, complete, unified, and authoritative.
II. Overall Requirements and Basic Principles for Compiling the Environmental Code
The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core attaches great importance to the compilation of the Environmental Code and has included the compilation of the Environmental Code in the Party Central Committee's important work agenda. In order to do a good job in the compilation of the code, the Party Group of the NPC Standing Committee has successively requested instructions and reported to the Party Central Committee four times, reporting on the overall considerations, work arrangements, system structure, and important contents of the compilation of the Environmental Code. In March 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) presided over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, listened to and deliberated on and in principle agreed to the request of the Party Group of the NPC Standing Committee on the draft Environmental Code, and gave important instructions on the compilation of the Environmental Code, providing guidance and compliance for the compilation of the Environmental Code.
The guiding ideology for compiling the Environmental Code is: to adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as guidance, profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "two establishments," strengthen the "four consciousnesses," strengthen the "four confidences," and achieve the "two safeguards," thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, closely focus on coordinating the promotion of the "five-in-one" overall layout and coordinating the promotion of the "four comprehensives" strategic layout, focus on building a more complete socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics and building a socialist rule of law country with a higher level, summarize practical experience, adapt to the requirements of the times, simultaneously promote high-quality development and high-level protection, and comprehensively and systematically compile and revise the environmental legal system, mechanisms, rules, and norms in China's current pollution prevention and control, ecological protection, and green and low-carbon development, forming a code that is guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, and that has Chinese characteristics, reflects the characteristics of the times, reflects the will of the people, and is systematically standardized and coordinated, providing complete ecological and environmental legal guarantees for comprehensively building a strong socialist modern country, achieving the second centenary goal, and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
To implement the above guiding ideology and effectively do a good job in compiling the Environmental Code, the following basic principles must be followed: First, adhere to the correct political direction. Take Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization as the soul and outline of the compilation of the Environmental Code, fully embody the core meaning, rich connotation, and practical requirements of this important thought, implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee on ecological civilization construction, implement Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, and give full play to the important role of the Environmental Code in deepening the reform of the ecological civilization system and promoting the construction of a beautiful China. Second, adhere to the people-centered approach. A good ecological environment is the fairest public product and the most inclusive people's well-being. The compilation of the Environmental Code must take meeting the people's needs for a beautiful ecological environment as the starting point and foothold, promote the solution of outstanding ecological and environmental problems that the people strongly reflect, actively respond to the people's new expectations and requirements for a good ecological environment, and realize, safeguard, and develop the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the people. Third, adhere to starting from the national conditions and reality. Based on the basic national conditions of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great practice of Chinese-style modernization, seek truth from facts, seek progress while maintaining stability, closely focus on the goal requirements of building a beautiful China with harmonious coexistence between man and nature, fully recognize and adapt to the new requirements of China's economic and social development entering a stage of high-quality development that accelerates greening and low-carbonization, systematically consider the actual needs of pollution prevention and control, ecological protection, green and low-carbon development, and international influence, both based on the present and looking to the long term, comprehensively sort out and summarize China's experience in ecological civilization construction, incorporate mature and accurate ones into the Environmental Code, fully reflect the latest practical achievements in the ecological and environmental field, and enhance the pertinence, applicability, and operability of legal norms; for those that are not yet accurate and need to continue to explore and practice, principled provisions can be made to maintain a certain degree of openness, compatibility, and adaptability of legal institutional norms. Fourth, adhere to establishing a historical perspective and a world perspective. Draw on the wisdom and concepts contained in the excellent traditional Chinese ecological culture, and learn from the beneficial achievements of human ecological civilization rule of law construction, so that the Environmental Code has distinctive Chinese characteristics and characteristics of the times, and contributes Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to global ecological environment governance. Fifth, adhere to scientific legislation, democratic legislation, and legislation according to law. Follow the laws of legislative work and the laws of codification, coordinate establishment, amendment, and repeal, properly handle the coordination and unity of internal and external institutional norms of the Environmental Code, and enhance the systematicness, integrity, coordination, and timeliness of China's environmental legal institutional norms. Actively practice whole-process people's democracy, earnestly listen to opinions and suggestions from all parties, and widely gather legislative consensus.
III. Compilation Work of the Environmental Code
III. Compilation of the Ecological Environment Code
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) resolutely implements the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) and the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, attaches great importance to the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code, and includes the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code in the Standing Committee's legislative plan and annual legislative work plan. Chairman Zhao Leji (赵乐际) has chaired several meetings of the Standing Committee's Party Leadership Group to study the work of compiling the Ecological Environment Code and the various draft versions of the Ecological Environment Code. An Ecological Environment Code Compilation Leading Group was established, with Vice Chairman Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠) as the leader, and the main responsible comrades of the NPC Constitution and Law Committee, the Environment and Resources Protection Committee, and the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee as deputy leaders. Relevant responsible comrades from the NPC Environment and Resources Protection Committee, the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (生态环境部), the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展和改革委员会), the Ministry of Justice (司法部), the Ministry of Natural Resources (自然资源部), the National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局), the Supreme People's Court (最高人民法院), the Supreme People's Procuratorate (最高人民检察院), the China Law Society (中国法学会), and other units serve as members, coordinating important issues in the compilation of the code. On November 3, 2023, Vice Chairman Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠) chaired a meeting of the Ecological Environment Code Compilation Leading Group, officially launching the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code. On November 7, 2023, a meeting of the working group for the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code was held, announcing the establishment of a working group specifically responsible for drafting the code. The working group is led by the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the NPC, with the main responsible comrade of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the NPC as the leader of the working group, and relevant responsible comrades from the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the NPC and the NPC Environment and Resources Protection Committee as deputy leaders of the working group. It brings together the backbone staff of the working bodies of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the NPC, the NPC Environment and Resources Protection Committee, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (生态环境部), the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展和改革委员会), the Ministry of Justice (司法部), the Ministry of Natural Resources (自然资源部), and the National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局), and also includes experts and scholars from relevant universities and research institutes. At the same time, in order to better gather the wisdom of experts and scholars, in accordance with the spirit of the meeting of the Ecological Environment Code Compilation Leading Group, an Expert Committee for the Compilation of the Ecological Environment Code was established to provide think tank intellectual support for the compilation of the code.
After the official launch of the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code, the working group, under the leadership of the Party Leadership Group of the Standing Committee, carried out the compilation work in a solid manner. It comprehensively and deeply studied Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on ecological civilization and the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee on ecological civilization construction, continuously followed up on the study of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) latest important speeches on ecological civilization construction, studied and grasped issues in the field of ecological environment from a global and strategic perspective, and implemented them in the research and compilation of the code. It widely collected and sorted out research materials from home and abroad, closely followed theoretical research results and practical developments at home and abroad, deeply studied the characteristics of the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code, actively communicated and exchanged with the ecological environment law academic community, and earnestly listened to the opinions and suggestions of relevant parties and experts and scholars through holding symposiums and conducting research visits. It conducted in-depth discussions, overall design, and program comparisons on the chapter structure, key and difficult issues, and specific systems of the code in an all-round and multi-angle manner. On this basis, draft versions of each volume of the Ecological Environment Code (for soliciting opinions) were formed. After being reviewed by the Party Leadership Group of the Standing Committee of the NPC, they were sent to 132 units, including relevant central state organs, standing committees of people's congresses of various provinces (autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government), academic research institutions, and various special committees and working bodies of the NPC, to solicit opinions, and research was conducted in relevant localities to listen to opinions. The working group further revised and improved the draft versions of each volume of the code based on the feedback from various parties, and closely communicated with relevant departments such as the member units of the Code Compilation Leading Group on some key issues to widely build consensus. After repeated research, revision, and improvement, the draft Ecological Environment Code was formed.
According to the work arrangements for the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code determined by the Party Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the NPC, in April 2025, the draft Ecological Environment Code was submitted to the 15th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee for its first review, which was an overall review of the draft. In September 2025, the 17th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee conducted a split review of the draft Ecological Environment Code, that is, the second review of the first volume "General Provisions," the third volume "Ecological Protection," and the fourth volume "Green and Low-Carbon Development." In October 2025, the 18th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee continued to conduct a split review of the draft Ecological Environment Code, that is, the second review of the second volume "Pollution Prevention and Control" and the fifth volume "Legal Liability and Supplementary Provisions." In December 2025, after being approved in principle by the Party Central Committee, the draft versions of each volume that had been split for review and revised and improved were re-combined into a whole to form a complete third review draft of the Ecological Environment Code. The 19th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee conducted a third review of the draft Ecological Environment Code and decided to submit it to the fourth session of the 14th NPC for deliberation.
After being reviewed by the Standing Committee of the NPC, the draft Ecological Environment Code, including overall review and split review, was published on the China NPC website to solicit public opinions; at the same time, opinions from NPC deputies were solicited through the deputies' work platform, and opinions were also solicited from relevant departments, localities, research institutions, and grassroots legislative liaison points. Research was conducted in many places to listen to opinions and suggestions, and special symposiums were organized many times on key and difficult issues to listen to the opinions and suggestions of relevant parties. After the third review of the draft Ecological Environment Code by the Standing Committee of the NPC, the General Office of the Standing Committee of the NPC printed and distributed the draft to NPC deputies, organized and deployed NPC deputies to study and discuss it, and solicited opinions. All parties generally believe that the draft Ecological Environment Code comprehensively implements Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, especially Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on ecological civilization, fully embodies and reflects the theoretical, institutional, and practical achievements of ecological civilization construction in the new era, has a reasonable system structure, rich content of clauses, is pragmatic and feasible, leaves necessary space for the adjustment of institutions and their responsibilities, and handles the relationship with relevant laws well, with distinct characteristics of the times and Chinese characteristics.
On January 30, 2026, the NPC Constitution and Law Committee held a meeting to further revise and improve the draft Ecological Environment Code based on the review opinions of the Standing Committee of the NPC, the opinions put forward in the deputies' study and discussion, and the opinions of all parties. The NPC Constitution and Law Committee believes that after multiple meetings of the Standing Committee of the NPC, extensive solicitation of opinions, and repeated revisions and improvements, the draft Ecological Environment Code has fully absorbed the opinions and suggestions of all parties and is relatively mature. Accordingly, the "Ecological Environment Code of the People's Republic of China (Draft)" was formed for submission to this meeting for deliberation.
IV. Main Contents of the Draft Ecological Environment Code
Taking into account the ecological environment legal system, the current status of theoretical research, and work practice, the compilation of the Ecological Environment Code adopted a moderately codified model, and the compilation work was handled in three categories, with the following specific considerations: The first category is to incorporate all 10 laws, including the current Environmental Protection Law, Environmental Impact Assessment Law, Cleaner Production Promotion Law, Marine Environmental Protection Law, and the Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Solid Waste Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law, and Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control Law, into the Ecological Environment Code after compilation and revision. After the promulgation of the Code, the above-mentioned laws will no longer be retained. The second category is to incorporate the legal system norms related to ecological elements and ecosystems such as river basins, regions, natural resources, and biodiversity, as well as circular economy and energy conservation, into the Ecological Environment Code, selecting their main points and principles. The current laws in these areas mainly include the Forest Law, Grassland Law, Wetland Protection Law, Island Protection Law, Land Management Law, Black Soil Protection Law, Mineral Resources Law, Water Law, Fisheries Law, Sea Area Use Management Law, Deep Seabed Area Resources Exploration and Development Law, Wildlife Protection Law, National Park Law, Yangtze River Protection Law, Yellow River Protection Law, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Protection Law, Soil and Water Conservation Law, Sand Prevention and Control Law, as well as the Circular Economy Promotion Law, Energy Law, Energy Conservation Law, and Renewable Energy Law. These laws will continue to be retained after the compilation and promulgation of the Ecological Environment Code. Therefore, the relevant provisions of the Code need to be coordinated and maintain a certain degree of openness and compatibility. The third category considers the legal needs in areas such as climate change response, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and green and low-carbon development, but no special laws have been formulated in these areas. Compiling the Ecological Environment Code should make some principled and leading provisions in this regard to determine principles, lay the foundation, and leave space for the construction and practical development of relevant laws and regulations in China in the future, so as to reflect the era and foresight of the Code.
The "Ecological Environment Code of the People's Republic of China (Draft)" consists of 5 volumes and 1242 articles, with the volumes in the following order: General Provisions, Pollution Prevention and Control, Ecological Protection, Green and Low-Carbon Development, and Legal Liability and Supplementary Provisions.
(I) Volume of General Provisions
The first volume, "General Provisions," stipulates important legal principles and basic, comprehensive, and universal legal systems in the field of ecological environment, and governs other volumes. In principle, universal system norms applicable to the second volume "Pollution Prevention and Control," the third volume "Ecological Protection," and the fourth volume "Green and Low-Carbon Development," such as planning, standards, monitoring, impact assessment, and response to sudden ecological environment events in the field of ecological environment, are refined and summarized in the first volume "General Provisions." At the same time, attention is paid to handling the relationship with relevant laws, compiling the main contents of the current Environmental Protection Law and Environmental Impact Assessment Law into the first volume "General Provisions," and absorbing the relevant new system contents stipulated in the newly formulated and revised laws in recent years, such as the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Yellow River Protection Law, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Protection Law. In addition, the first volume "General Provisions" actively summarizes the practical experience in ecological environment protection work, and elevates the practices that are widely recognized and relatively mature to legal provisions, reflecting the practicality of the Code.
The first volume consists of 9 chapters and 147 articles, with the main contents as follows:
1. Basic Provisions. The first chapter, "Basic Provisions," of the first volume mainly includes: First, it clarifies the legislative purpose of the Ecological Environment Code and stipulates the goal requirements of "comprehensively promoting the construction of a beautiful China, accelerating the promotion of modernization in which humans and nature coexist harmoniously, and realizing the sustainable development of the Chinese nation" (Article 1 of the draft). Second, it stipulates the definition of ecological environment, the scope of application of the Code, the leadership of the Party, and basic national policies (Articles 2 to 5 of the draft). Third, it establishes the basic principles of ecological environment protection, namely, prevention first, systematic governance, ecological priority, green development, public participation, and liability for damage (Article 6 of the draft). Fourth, it stipulates the responsibilities and obligations of all aspects of ecological environment protection, commendations and rewards, and international cooperation (Articles 7 to 14 of the draft). In addition, special provisions are made for the National Ecology Day (Article 15 of the draft), and the current Environmental Protection Law's provision that "June 5 every year is Environment Day" is no longer retained.
2. Supervision and Management. The second chapter, "Supervision and Management," of the first volume mainly includes: First, the supervision and management system and working mechanism, including the responsibilities of the government and relevant departments, the responsibility list system, the river and lake chief system and the forest chief system, the coordination and linkage mechanism, the joint protection and coordination mechanism across administrative regions, the ecological security work coordination mechanism, and information sharing (Section 1, Chapter 2, Volume 1 of the draft). Second, the supervision and management system mainly stipulates the general norms of the ecological environment supervision system, including the target responsibility system and assessment and evaluation system, ecological environment protection supervision, people's congress supervision, ecological environment justice, law enforcement cooperation among relevant agencies, natural resource asset departure audit, the main functional area system, the resource total amount management and comprehensive conservation system, the natural resource asset property rights system and management system, the ecological product value realization mechanism, the three-water coordination and water resource rigid constraint system, biodiversity protection, the natural protected area system, regional and river basin protection, comprehensive management of key sea areas, agricultural ecological environment protection, on-site inspection, administrative enforcement, and the ecological environment credit supervision system (Section 2, Chapter 2, Volume 1 of the draft).
3. Planning and Ecological Environment Zoning Control. The third chapter, "Planning and Ecological Environment Zoning Control," of the first volume mainly stipulates the planning system, the procedural requirements for planning preparation, the ecological protection red line management system, and the ecological environment zoning control system.
4. Standards and Monitoring. The fourth chapter, "Standards and Monitoring," of the first volume mainly stipulates the standard system in the field of ecological environment, ecological environment benchmarks, and the ecological environment monitoring system.
5. Ecological Environment Impact Assessment. The fifth chapter, "Ecological Environment Impact Assessment," of the first volume is divided into three sections: general provisions, ecological environment impact assessment of planning, and ecological environment impact assessment of construction projects. It incorporates the relevant contents of the current Environmental Protection Law and the contents of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, and makes the following important revisions and improvements in full consideration of practical development: First, greenhouse gas emissions are included in the ecological environment impact assessment management (Article 82 of the draft). Second, technical units engaged in ecological environment impact assessment business are required to carry out business independently, objectively, and impartially in accordance with the law, establish and improve the quality control system, and key personnel should have relevant professional technical level and work experience; a record-filing management system is implemented for technical units and supervision and management is strengthened (Article 99 of the draft). Third, the specific circumstances under which the ecological environment authorities will not approve the ecological environment impact report (form) are clarified (Article 105 of the draft). Fourth, a provision is added that ecological environment protection countermeasures and measures proposed in the ecological environment impact report (form) and the approval opinions of the approval department should be implemented during the operation of the construction project (Article 108 of the draft).
6. Ecological Protection Compensation. The sixth chapter, "Ecological Protection Compensation," of the first volume stipulates the institutional mechanism of ecological protection compensation, including fiscal vertical compensation, inter-regional horizontal compensation, and market mechanism compensation.
7. Response to Sudden Ecological Environment Events. The seventh chapter, "Response to Sudden Ecological Environment Events," of the first volume stipulates the overall requirements for the response to sudden ecological environment events, the response responsibility system, monitoring and early warning, notification, and emergency linkage.
8. Safeguard Measures. The eighth chapter, "Safeguard Measures," of the first volume mainly stipulates the fiscal, tax, price, procurement, financial, and industrial safeguard measures related to ecological environment protection.
9. Information Disclosure and Public Participation. The ninth chapter, "Information Disclosure and Public Participation," of the first volume mainly stipulates the government's ecological environment information disclosure, the ecological environment information disclosure system for enterprises, institutions, and other production and business operators, as well as ensuring public participation and encouraging public supervision.
(II) Volume of Pollution Prevention and Control
The second volume, "Pollution Prevention and Control," systematically integrates, compiles, revises, and optimizes the provisions on pollution prevention and control in the current Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Solid Waste Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control Law, and Environmental Protection Law and Marine Environmental Protection Law. First, the common pollution prevention and control systems stipulated in the current laws are summarized and refined into general rules and general provisions, and the mature pollution prevention and control experience that has proven to be effective in practice is elevated to legal system provisions. Second, in terms of system structure, the three major pollution prevention and control battles of defending blue skies, clear waters, and pure land are considered first, followed by the treatment of solid waste, noise, and radioactive pollution sources, and then targeted system provisions are made for pollution prevention and control issues in new fields such as chemical substances, electromagnetic radiation, and light.
The second volume consists of 9 sub-volumes, 36 chapters, and 526 articles, with the main contents as follows:
Division 2 consists of 9 subdivisions, 36 chapters, and 526 articles, with the following main content:
1. Regarding General Provisions. Subdivision 1 of Division 2 stipulates general provisions, divided into 2 chapters: "General Provisions" and "Pollutant Discharge Permit Management." The main content includes: First, summarizing and refining common pollution prevention and control systems, requiring units and individuals discharging pollutants to take effective measures to prevent and control pollution (Draft Article 150), emphasizing that pollutant discharge should comply with pollutant discharge standards, total emission control targets for key pollutants, pollutant discharge permit management, and relevant laws, regulations, and rules (Draft Article 151), prohibiting the discharge of pollutants by evading supervision (Draft Article 164), strengthening agricultural and rural pollution prevention and control (Draft Articles 170 and 171), and stipulating pollution prevention and control responsibility systems, pollutant discharge standards, total emission control systems for key pollutants, the "three simultaneous" system, and requirements for the establishment and use of pollutant discharge outlets (Draft Articles 152 to 158, 162, and 163, etc.). Second, adding provisions on the overall requirements for pollution prevention and control (Draft Article 149), adding provisions on the state establishing and improving a fixed pollution source supervision and management system with the pollutant discharge permit system as the core, and making provisions on specific pollutant discharge permit management systems such as classified management (Division 2, Chapter 2 of the Draft). At the same time, increasing the requirements for strengthening systematic governance in areas with prominent agricultural non-point source pollution (Draft Article 172, etc.).
2. Regarding Air Pollution Prevention and Control. Subdivision 2 of Division 2 stipulates air pollution prevention and control, divided into 4 chapters: "General Provisions," "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Measures," "Joint Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Areas," and "Response to Heavily Polluted Weather." On the basis of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the draft mainly makes the following revisions and improvements: First, clarifying that the prevention and control of air pollution should adjust the transportation structure (Draft Article 189). Second, encouraging and supporting the use of ultra-low emission technologies to reduce the emission of air pollutants (Draft Article 212). Third, strengthening the prevention and control of volatile organic compound air pollution, adding the formulation of volatile organic compound content limit standards and a low volatile organic compound content labeling system (Draft Articles 213 and 215). Fourth, strengthening the prevention and control of air pollution from motor vehicles, ships, and non-road mobile machinery, strengthening the prevention and control of air pollution from heavy-duty trucks and the supervision of emission inspection fraud for motor vehicles, ships, and non-road mobile machinery, and clarifying the supervision and inspection requirements for the air pollutant emission status of ships (Section 3, Chapter 4 of Division 2 of the Draft). Fifth, adding provisions that local people's governments at all levels should scientifically and accurately strengthen the organization, guidance, and management of the burning of straw, fallen leaves, etc., and clarifying the prohibition of open burning of straw, fallen leaves, and other substances that produce smoke and dust pollution in densely populated areas, around airports, near transportation arteries, and other areas and time periods designated by provincial-level or higher people's governments (Draft Article 246). Sixth, solving the problems of oily smoke and odors at the "doorstep" of the people, adding planning, site selection, and other requirements (Draft Articles 249 and 250).
3. Regarding Water Pollution Prevention and Control. Subdivision 3 of Division 2 stipulates water pollution prevention and control, divided into 4 chapters: "General Provisions," "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Measures," "Protection of Drinking Water Sources and Other Special Water Bodies," and "Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Key Basins." On the basis of the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the draft mainly makes the following revisions and improvements: First, strengthening the establishment and management of sewage outlets into rivers, improving the approval of sewage outlets into rivers, and adding requirements for strictly controlling the establishment of sewage outlets into rivers, investigating and rectifying sewage outlets into rivers, and monitoring shared sewage outlets into rivers (Draft Articles 275 to 278). Second, strengthening groundwater pollution prevention and control, adding provisions on groundwater status investigation and evaluation, key areas for groundwater pollution prevention and control, etc. (Draft Articles 284 to 290). Third, clarifying the promotion of rural toilet renovation in accordance with local conditions, and adding provisions for county-level people's governments to organize and determine densely populated areas for free-range livestock and poultry within their administrative regions (Draft Articles 305 and 309). Fourth, further strengthening the prevention and control of water pollution from ships entering inland rivers, adding requirements for monitoring, surveillance, and joint supervision and management by multiple departments (Draft Articles 314 and 315, etc.). Fifth, adding a chapter on "Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Key Basins," stipulating that the state should strengthen the comprehensive governance, systematic governance, and source governance of water pollution in key basins, and promote integrated basin protection (Chapter 10 of Division 2 of the Draft).
4. Regarding Marine Pollution Prevention and Control. Subdivision 4 of Division 2 stipulates marine pollution prevention and control, divided into 5 chapters: "General Provisions," "Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution from Land-Based Pollutants," "Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution from Construction Projects," "Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution from Waste Dumping," and "Prevention and Control of Marine Pollution from Ships," formed on the basis of relevant provisions of the Marine Environmental Protection Law.
5. Regarding Soil Pollution Prevention and Control. Subdivision 5 of Division 2 stipulates soil pollution prevention and control, divided into 3 chapters: "General Provisions," "Soil Pollution Prevention," and "Soil Pollution Risk Control and Remediation." On the basis of the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the draft mainly makes the following revisions and improvements: First, clarifying that soil pollution prevention and control should ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products and the safety of the human living environment (Draft Article 396). Second, clarifying that soil pollution status surveys should be completed before the time limit determined by the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government (Draft Article 454), and authorizing provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government to stipulate specific management requirements for plots in the soil pollution risk control and remediation list (Draft Article 456).
6. Regarding Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control. Subdivision 6 of Division 2 stipulates solid waste pollution prevention and control, divided into 5 chapters: "General Provisions," "Industrial Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control," "Domestic Waste Pollution Prevention and Control," "Construction Waste, Agricultural Solid Waste, etc. Pollution Prevention and Control," and "Hazardous Waste Pollution Prevention and Control." On the basis of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste, the draft mainly makes the following revisions and improvements: First, adding provisions that the competent environmental protection department of the State Council shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, formulate control standards for the content of toxic and harmful substances in industrial solid waste (Draft Article 472). Second, clarifying that if solid waste is transferred out of the provincial administrative region for utilization, relevant information should be submitted in advance through the solid waste pollution prevention and control information platform, etc. (Draft Article 476). Third, changing "the state gradually realizes zero import of solid waste" to "the state implements zero import of solid waste" (Draft Article 478). Fourth, in response to the prominent problems of construction waste pollution prevention and control, adding provisions on the joint management system and other systems (Draft Article 518, etc.).
7. Regarding Noise Pollution Prevention and Control. Subdivision 7 of Division 2 stipulates noise pollution prevention and control, divided into 5 chapters: "General Provisions," "Industrial Noise Pollution Prevention and Control," "Construction Noise Pollution Prevention and Control," "Transportation Noise Pollution Prevention and Control," and "Social Life Noise Pollution Prevention and Control." On the basis of the Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the draft strengthens the prevention and control of construction noise pollution and solves the noise problems at the "doorstep" of the people (Draft Articles 570 and 571).
8. Regarding Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control. Subdivision 8 of Division 2 stipulates radioactive pollution prevention and control, divided into 5 chapters: "General Provisions," "Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control of Nuclear Facilities," "Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control of Nuclear Technology Utilization," "Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control of Uranium (Thorium) Mine and Associated Radioactive Mineral Development and Utilization," and "Radioactive Waste Pollution Prevention and Control." On the basis of the Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the draft mainly makes the following revisions and improvements: First, clarifying the conditions for obtaining the qualification of radioactive pollution monitoring institutions (Draft Article 611). Second, adding provisions that the state should establish a radioactive pollution prevention and control system that conforms to the characteristics of controlled thermonuclear fusion and promotes nuclear fusion applications (Draft Article 613). Third, improving the environmental impact assessment system for nuclear facilities (Draft Article 616). Fourth, adding provisions on the classified management system for radioactive isotopes and radiation devices (Draft Article 622, etc.). Fifth, adding provisions on the list of radiation environment management for the development and utilization of associated radioactive minerals (Draft Article 630, etc.). Sixth, connecting with the Atomic Energy Law, Nuclear Safety Law, etc., and improving the radioactive waste pollution prevention and control system (Draft Article 635, etc.).
9. Regarding Chemical Substance Pollution Risk Control, Electromagnetic Radiation and Light Pollution Prevention and Control. Subdivision 9 of Division 2 is divided into 3 chapters: "Chemical Substance Pollution Risk Control," "Electromagnetic Radiation Pollution Prevention and Control," and "Light Pollution Prevention and Control." This subdivision is compiled according to new situations and actual needs, based on the present and looking to the future, incorporating mature and accurate content, and making principled provisions for areas that still need to be explored: First, strengthening chemical substance pollution risk control, establishing a new pollutant collaborative governance and environmental risk control system, etc. (Chapter 34 of Division 2 of the Draft). Second, the supervision and management system for electromagnetic radiation pollution prevention and control, product electromagnetic radiation limit values, and classified management of electromagnetic radiation facilities, etc. (Chapter 35 of Division 2 of the Draft). Third, the supervision and management system for light pollution prevention and control, product light limit values, and zoning management for light pollution prevention and control, etc. (Chapter 36 of Division 2 of the Draft).
(III) Ecological Protection Division
Division 3, "Ecological Protection," emphasizes full protection of ecological systems such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, islands, rivers, lakes, and deserts, in accordance with the relationship between coordinating economic development and ecological protection and achieving a win-win situation for high-quality development and high-level protection; and clarifies the overall planning of resource protection and sustainable utilization of land resources, mineral resources, water resources, fishery resources, and other natural resources. This kind of systematic design not only reflects the dialectical unity of high-quality development and high-level protection, but also respects the respective characteristics of different ecological elements, which helps to better achieve protection in development and development in protection.
Division 3 consists of 7 chapters and 264 articles, with the following main content:
1. Regarding General Provisions. Chapter 1, "General Provisions," of Division 3 stipulates the general and principled content of the ecological protection division, which is the "general outline" of the ecological protection division. Among them, it highlights the protection of ecosystems, clarifying that the state should strengthen the protection of ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, islands, rivers, lakes, deserts, snow-capped mountains and glaciers, and cultivated land, and promote the implementation of major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems (Draft Article 677); highlights the conservation and intensive use of natural resources, clarifying that the state should coordinate resource protection and development and utilization, and improve the level of natural resource protection and rational utilization (Draft Article 678); highlights biodiversity protection, strengthening the protection of germplasm resources, the protection and shared benefits of biological genetic resources, and preventing the invasion of alien species (Draft Articles 682 to 685); emphasizes that ecological restoration should respect natural laws and follow the principles of afforestation where suitable for forests, grass planting where suitable for grasslands, sand fixation where suitable for deserts, and maintaining wilderness where suitable for wilderness (Draft Article 691); in response to the problem of damage to human health caused by improper selection of greening tree and grass species, it clarifies that urban and rural greening should be adapted to local conditions and scientifically select greening tree and grass species (Draft Article 692); emphasizes that the state adheres to the principles of equality, mutual benefit, and win-win cooperation, and supports international exchanges and cooperation in all aspects of ecological protection (Draft Article 696).
2. Regarding Ecosystem Protection. Chapter 2, "Ecosystem Protection," of Division 3 mainly integrates and stipulates the content related to ecological protection in the Forest Law (森林法), Grassland Law (草原法), Wetland Protection Law (湿地保护法), Marine Environmental Protection Law (海洋环境保护法), and Island Protection Law (海岛保护法), and at the same time adds special provisions for river, lake, and desert ecosystems to enhance the diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems. It is divided into six sections: forests, grasslands, wetlands, marine islands, rivers and lakes, and deserts. First, in accordance with the principle of selecting the main points and essentials, the provisions on ecosystem protection in the current Forest Law, Grassland Law, Wetland Protection Law, Marine Environmental Protection Law, Island Protection Law, and other laws are incorporated into the code and revised and improved (Sections 1 to 4 of Chapter 2 of Division 3 of the Draft). Second, a special section on rivers and lakes is set up, clarifying that the state should strengthen the protection of ecological water use, zoning management of water areas and shorelines, and protection of aquatic organisms in rivers and lakes, and consolidate and enhance the functions of river and lake ecosystems (Section 5 of Chapter 2 of Division 3 of the Draft). Third, a special section on deserts is set up, clarifying that while adhering to desertification prevention and control, the protection of desert ecosystems should be strengthened to give play to the multiple functions of desert ecosystems such as wind prevention and sand fixation, climate regulation, hydrological regulation, soil conservation, and maintenance of biodiversity (Section 6 of Chapter 2 of Division 3 of the Draft).
3. Regarding Natural Resource Protection and Sustainable Utilization. Chapter 3, "Natural Resource Protection and Sustainable Utilization," of Division 3 emphasizes "development in protection and protection in development," strengthening the rational utilization of resources while doing a good job in protection, so that high-quality development and high-level protection complement each other and promote each other. It is divided into five sections: land resources, mineral resources, water resources, fishery resources, and other natural resources. In terms of land resources, it clarifies that the state adheres to the strictest cultivated land protection system and the strictest land saving and intensive use system, and strictly adheres to the red line of cultivated land protection (Draft Article 759); implements integrated protection of the quantity, quality, and ecology of cultivated land (Draft Article 764), implements special protection for permanent basic farmland (Draft Article 766), and strengthens black soil protection (Draft Article 767). In terms of mineral resources, it clarifies that the state encourages and supports the green and low-carbon transformation and development of the mining industry, and strengthens the construction of green mines (Draft Article 771). In terms of water resources, it requires overall consideration of protection, development, utilization, water conservation, and prevention of water disasters (Draft Article 778); emphasizes that the state vigorously promotes water conservation, develops water-saving industries, agriculture, and service industries, and comprehensively builds a water-saving society (Draft Articles 779 and 793); clarifies that the state establishes and improves the water resources demonstration system for construction projects and related planning involving water resource development and utilization (Draft Article 788). In terms of fishery resources, it clarifies that fishery production should adhere to aquaculture as the main focus and moderate fishing, so as to realize the protection and sustainable utilization of fishery resources (Draft Article 794). In addition, it also stipulates the development and utilization management of other natural resources such as forests, grasslands, wild animals, and marine resources (Section 5 of Chapter 3 of Division 3 of the Draft).
4. Regarding Species Protection. Chapter 4, "Species Protection," of Division 3 mainly integrates the provisions of the Wildlife Protection Law (野生动物保护法), the Regulations on the Protection of Wild Plants (野生植物保护条例), and the Measures for the Management of Invasive Alien Species (外来入侵物种管理办法), etc., and is divided into three sections: wild animal protection, wild plant protection, and prevention and control of invasive alien species, stipulating the classification and grading protection of wild animals and plants, and the classification and grading management of invasive alien species (Draft Articles 812, 833, and 846); strengthening the habitat protection, shelter and rescue, release management, and harmful response of wild animals (Draft Articles 815, 822, 823, and 828); taking measures such as in-situ conservation, ex-situ conservation, the establishment of germplasm resource banks, and wild return to strengthen the protection of wild plants and their growing environment (Draft Articles 832, 834 to 836); clarifying that the state improves the prevention and control system for invasive alien species, and severely cracks down on illegal introduction of alien species (Draft Article 844).
5. Regarding the protection of important geographical units. Chapter 5 of Part Three, "Protection of Important Geographical Units," integrates and stipulates the relevant content of legislation on nature reserves and important river basins and regions such as the Yangtze River (长江), Yellow River (黄河), and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原), and is divided into two sections: "Nature Reserves" and "Important River Basins and Regions such as the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." Among them, there is currently no special legislation for nature reserves. According to the National Park Law, the "Regulations on Nature Reserves," and relevant central documents, it stipulates the classification and grading management, establishment and adjustment, zoning control, joint construction of parks and land, social sharing, and ecological restoration of nature reserves (Draft Articles 859 to 865), as well as the seasonal differential control of national parks and nature reserves (Draft Article 868). At the same time, the second section not only stipulates the common systems for ecological protection of important river basins and regions (Draft Articles 870 to 875), but also makes special requirements for important river basins such as the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and other major rivers and lakes (Draft Articles 876 to 881) and important regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Hainan Island (海南岛), Qinling Mountains (秦岭), and the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Project Construction Area (三北防护林体系工程建设区) (Draft Articles 882 to 887).
6. Regarding the prevention and control of ecological degradation. Chapter 6 of Part Three, "Prevention and Control of Ecological Degradation," integrates the relevant provisions of the Soil and Water Conservation Law and the Desertification Prevention and Control Law, and is divided into two sections: Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Prevention and Control. Among them, in terms of soil and water conservation, it is required to strengthen monitoring, take prevention and control measures, strictly control soil erosion caused by human activities, and strengthen the construction of key soil and water conservation projects (Draft Articles 893 to 899). In terms of desertification prevention and control, it is required to strengthen comprehensive desertification prevention and control, strictly manage activities in areas where land desertification occurs, and establish a system of closed protection areas for desertified land (Draft Articles 910 to 915 and 918).
7. Regarding ecological restoration. Chapter 7 of Part Three, "Ecological Restoration," mainly summarizes and refines the general rules and norms related to ecological restoration from central documents and current legislation, including the planning and preparation, monitoring and supervision, project acceptance, post-management, and effectiveness evaluation of ecological restoration (Draft Articles 923 to 928 and 937), and also makes specific provisions for the ecological restoration of forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, rivers and lakes and estuaries, and mining areas (Draft Articles 931 to 936).
(4) Green and Low-Carbon Development Part
The current Cleaner Production Promotion Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Energy Law, Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law and other laws involving environmental resource economics, as well as the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress's resolution on actively responding to climate change, have played an important role in promoting the green and low-carbon development of the economy and society. Based on this, Part Four, "Green and Low-Carbon Development," further combines practical needs, focuses on important areas and key links of green and low-carbon development closely related to ecological and environmental protection, and establishes and improves relevant legal systems for green and low-carbon development.
Part Four has 4 chapters and 114 articles, and the main contents are:
1. Regarding general provisions. Chapter 1 of Part Four stipulates the overall requirements and relevant systems for green and low-carbon development. First, it clarifies the scope of application of this part (Draft Article 938). Second, it clarifies the overall requirements for green and low-carbon development, as well as the goal orientation of green and low-carbon development in important areas such as the development of a circular economy, energy conservation and green and low-carbon transformation, and addressing climate change (Draft Articles 939 to 942). Third, it clarifies the relevant requirements for green and low-carbon development involving the implementation of major regional strategies, industrial development, transportation, construction of buildings, agriculture and rural areas, etc. (Draft Articles 943 to 947). Fourth, it clarifies that the state establishes and improves a green and low-carbon standard system, and makes provisions for the implementation of green and low-carbon product standards, etc. (Draft Article 948). Fifth, it stipulates the relevant responsibilities and obligations of different subjects such as state organs and other public institutions, enterprises, and citizens that use fiscal funds to practice green and low-carbon production and lifestyles (Draft Article 949). Sixth, it clarifies the investment, fiscal, and financial support measures for green and low-carbon development, as well as the relevant requirements for scientific and technological support and guarantee and strengthening international cooperation (Draft Articles 950 to 952).
2. Regarding the development of a circular economy. Chapter 2 of Part Four stipulates the relevant legal systems for the development of a circular economy. This chapter systematically integrates the relevant systems of the current Cleaner Production Promotion Law and Circular Economy Promotion Law, and coordinates with the provisions on the prevention and control of solid waste pollution in Part Two, "Pollution Prevention and Control." At the same time, it further enriches and improves the relevant provisions on waste recycling and green consumption. Based on the relevant current laws, the following revisions and improvements have been mainly made: First, it clarifies the relevant requirements for the development of the resource recycling industry, and extends producer responsibility as an important institutional measure for developing a circular economy (Draft Articles 956 and 959). Second, it optimizes the cleaner production system and improves the relevant provisions on the application of audit results, mandatory audits, green design, and green packaging (Draft Articles 966, 967, 972, and 973). Third, it enriches the waste recycling system, increases the recycling of new types of waste and low-value recyclables, as well as the processing and utilization of recycled metals and the promotion and application of recycled materials (Draft Articles 979, 985, 986, and 990). Fourth, it establishes and improves a green consumption system, increases green consumption incentive mechanisms, government green procurement, and the circulation and transaction of second-hand goods, and clarifies the relevant obligations of citizens and enterprises (Draft Articles 992, 994, 995, and 999 to 1001).
3. Regarding energy conservation and green and low-carbon transformation. Chapter 3 of Part Four stipulates the relevant legal systems for energy conservation and green and low-carbon transformation. Based on the current Energy Law, Energy Conservation Law, and Renewable Energy Law, the draft mainly makes the following revisions and improvements: First, it adapts to actual needs and changes in the development situation of renewable energy, clarifies the principles of green and low-carbon energy development, and improves the relevant provisions on the utilization of renewable energy in rural areas (Draft Articles 1002 and 1006). Second, it improves the energy conservation supervision and management system, and improves the relevant provisions on energy conservation review of fixed asset investment projects and energy conservation management of key energy-using units (Draft Articles 1007, 1009, and 1010). Third, it strengthens the requirements for energy green and low-carbon transformation, and improves the relevant provisions on the clean and efficient utilization of coal, the development and utilization of renewable energy, the establishment and improvement of a green energy consumption promotion mechanism, and the construction of a new power system (Draft Articles 1014, 1017, 1021, and 1022).
4. Regarding addressing climate change. Chapter 4 of Part Four stipulates the relevant legal systems for addressing climate change. First, it stipulates that the state adheres to both mitigation and adaptation, takes effective measures to actively address climate change, and clarifies the relevant supervision and management system and decision-making coordination mechanism (Draft Articles 1025 to 1027). Second, it stipulates the basic systems and relevant requirements for addressing climate change (Draft Articles 1028 to 1031). Third, it clarifies that the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality is used to promote the mitigation of climate change, and makes provisions for the carbon emission total and intensity control system, the principles for promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and the organization and implementation of relevant action plans (Draft Articles 1032 to 1034). Fourth, it stipulates the relevant measures for mitigating climate change and clarifies the regulatory responsibilities of relevant departments (Draft Articles 1035 to 1040). Fifth, it stipulates the relevant measures for adapting to climate change (Section 3 of Chapter 4 of Part Four). Sixth, it clarifies the requirements for international cooperation in the field of addressing climate change (Section 4 of Chapter 4 of Part Four).
(5) Legal Liability and Supplementary Provisions Part
To implement the strictest system and the strictest rule of law requirements, Part Five, "Legal Liability and Supplementary Provisions," based on the provisions of current laws, and in response to new situations and new problems in law enforcement and justice in the field of ecological environment, adopts methods such as translation, consolidation, connection, and upgrading to scientifically and reasonably set legal responsibilities and build a more unified, complete, strict, and standardized legal responsibility system.
Part Five has 3 chapters and 191 articles, and the main contents are:
1. Regarding general rules on legal liability. Chapter 1 of Part Five, "General Rules on Legal Liability," mainly makes overall provisions on ecological and environmental legal liability. First, Section 1, "General Provisions," includes specific applicable rules such as the principle of attribution, the statute of limitations for accountability, the conflict of laws, the application of new and old laws, the offsetting of responsibilities, the reasons for exemption, and the calculation of penalties on a daily basis. Second, Section 2, "Subjects of Responsibility," includes illegal subjects such as local governments, regulatory departments and institutions, planning preparation agencies and approval agencies, enterprises and institutions, other producers and operators, and individuals, as well as corresponding civil, disciplinary, and criminal liabilities. Third, Section 3, "Accountability," includes administrative law enforcement, ecological environment damage compensation, marine ecological environment damage compensation, civil and administrative public interest litigation, consultation and mediation mechanisms, prohibition order preservation measures, burden of proof, support for litigation, legal aid, case transfer, and law enforcement supervision.
2. Regarding specific rules on legal liability. Sections 1 to 3 of Chapter 2 of Part Five, "Specific Rules on Legal Liability," mainly concentrate the administrative penalty responsibilities corresponding to the same management system in different pollution prevention and control fields and ecological protection fields to avoid repetition and inconsistency. First, Section 1, "Violations of Ecological Environment Monitoring Management Regulations," includes legal responsibilities for failing to carry out self-monitoring as required, using monitoring facilities and equipment that do not meet the requirements, falsifying ecological environment monitoring data, ecological environment monitoring institutions not meeting the corresponding conditions, producing and selling monitoring facilities and equipment that do not meet the requirements, and interfering with or destroying ecological environment monitoring facilities and equipment. Second, Section 2, "Violations of Ecological Environment Impact Assessment Management Regulations," includes legal responsibilities for construction units failing to submit ecological environment impact reports and report forms for approval in accordance with the law, ecological environment impact reports and report forms containing major defects, omissions, or falsehoods, relevant technical units and personnel having a relationship of interest with the departments responsible for approval, failing to implement ecological environment protection countermeasures, and violating the "three simultaneities" management regulations. Third, Section 3, "Violations of Pollutant Discharge Permit Management Regulations," includes legal responsibilities for discharging pollutants without obtaining a pollutant discharge permit in accordance with the law, discharging pollutants without complying with the provisions of the pollutant discharge permit, failing to operate and maintain pollution prevention and control facilities as required, obtaining a pollutant discharge permit by means of deception and bribery, failing to fill in pollutant discharge information in accordance with the law, discharging pollutants exceeding the emission standards or total emission control, discharging pollutants in a way to evade supervision, illegally setting up pollutant discharge outlets, failing to disclose ecological environment information as required, failing to include the funds required for pollution prevention and control in the project cost, and illegally importing solid waste, radioactive waste, and radioactive contaminated articles from abroad.
Sections 4 to 11 of Chapter 2 of Part Five, "Specific Rules on Legal Liability," respectively stipulate the unique administrative penalty responsibilities for violating the regulations on the prevention and control of air, water, marine, soil, solid waste, noise, and radioactive pollution, as well as the regulations on the risk management and control of chemical substance pollution and the prevention and control of electromagnetic radiation and light pollution. In order to ensure the systematization, strictness, and strict feasibility of the code, this part is mainly compiled from the following three aspects: First, the same or roughly balanced legal responsibilities are set for similar illegal acts. Second, liability clauses are added, and there are corresponding penalty clauses or arrangements for the prohibitive and obligatory provisions in the first four parts of the code to ensure that orders are enforced and prohibitions are observed. Third, the intensity of penalties is increased. On the basis of the relevant provisions of current laws, the amount of some administrative fines is increased according to the new situation, or the types of administrative penalties are increased. At the same time, the corresponding administrative penalty responsibilities are stipulated for some illegal acts by distinguishing different illegal circumstances or different types of illegal subjects to ensure that the punishment is commensurate with the crime.
Sections 12 and 13 of Chapter 2 of Part Five, "Specific Rules on Legal Liability," taking into account that other relevant laws on ecological protection and green and low-carbon development continue to apply, and most of the legal responsibilities have been stipulated in other laws, adopt a combination of specific provisions and guiding provisions for acts that violate the regulations on ecological protection management and acts that violate the regulations on green and low-carbon development management, and stipulate administrative penalty responsibilities. First, it inherits the legal liability provisions in the Marine Environmental Protection Law and the Cleaner Production Promotion Law. These two laws will be repealed after the code is passed, and the legal responsibilities involving marine ecological environmental protection and green and low-carbon development are clearly stipulated in the draft. For example, specific administrative penalty responsibilities are stipulated for acts that occupy or damage natural coastlines, fail to implement mandatory cleaner production audits, or falsify cleaner production audits (Draft Articles 1217 and 1222). Second, it responds to practical needs and fills the gaps in legal liability for outstanding problems in the field of ecological protection and green and low-carbon development. For example, specific administrative penalty responsibilities are stipulated for activities that fail to carry out production and construction activities in accordance with the ecological environment access list, take groundwater without approval, fail to establish a waste product recycling system as required, fail to comply with the regulations on the production, sale, and use of disposable plastic products, and key greenhouse gas emitting units included in the national carbon emission trading market fail to submit emission statistics accounting data or annual emission reports (Draft Articles 1218, 1219, 1224, 1226, and 1227). Third, it makes connecting and guiding provisions. It is clarified that if the relevant ecological protection and green and low-carbon obligations of this law are violated and this law does not stipulate administrative penalties, penalties shall be imposed in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations (Draft Articles 1220 and 1228).
Section 14 of Chapter 2 of Part Five, "Other Illegal Acts," mainly stipulates the legal responsibilities for illegal acts other than those in Sections 1 to 13 of Chapter 2. These include legal responsibilities for refusing to obstruct supervision and inspection, ecological environment technical service institutions falsifying, enterprises and institutions failing to establish a pollution prevention and control responsibility system, ecological environment accidents and sudden ecological environment events occurring, and retaliating against whistleblowers.
Section 14, "Other Illegal Acts," of Chapter Two of Part Five mainly stipulates the legal responsibilities for illegal acts related to ecological and environmental protection other than those in Sections 1 to 13 of Chapter Two. This includes legal responsibilities for refusing to obstruct supervision and inspection, falsification by ecological and environmental technical service institutions, failure of enterprises and institutions to establish a pollution prevention and control responsibility system, occurrence of ecological and environmental accidents and emergencies, and retaliation against whistleblowers.
3. Regarding Supplementary Provisions. Chapter Three, "Supplementary Provisions," of Part Five mainly includes: First, it stipulates that if other laws have specific or further provisions on ecological protection, green and low-carbon development, and other ecological and environmental protection-related fields, those provisions shall apply (Draft Article 1239). Second, it stipulates that if the state adjusts the ecological and environmental supervision and management system according to actual needs, it shall be in accordance with its regulations (Draft Article 1240). Third, it authorizes the State Council (国务院) and the Central Military Commission (中央军委) to formulate specific management measures for ecological and environmental protection work of the military in accordance with the principles stipulated in this Law (Draft Article 1241). Fourth, it stipulates the date of implementation of the Code and the 10 laws that will be repealed simultaneously (Draft Article 1242).
(Xinhua News Agency (新华社), Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopBy: 新华社记者 王悦阳 任 军
A reporter learned from the General Office of the State Council that during this year's National People's Congress (NPC) and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) sessions, the General Office of the State Council and relevant departments of the State Council will continue to send staff to observe the two sessions, striving to create a "direct line" for communication between the government and the deputies and members.
Observing the NPC and CPPCC sessions is an important measure for the General Office of the State Council and relevant departments of the State Council to listen to public opinion and gather wisdom. This work transforms insightful opinions and suggestions into practical and effective measures for government work by comprehensively recording and sorting out, and efficiently transferring and responding to the opinions and suggestions of deputies and members.
"For this year's observation work, we planned, arranged, and acted early. In mid-January, we began to study and formulate the observation work plan, clarify task arrangements, refine the division of responsibilities, equip and strengthen personnel, strengthen coordination and cooperation, and ensure that all tasks are advanced in an orderly manner," said Yu Hai (于海), a staff member of the General Office of the State Council.
It is reported that the General Office of the State Council dispatched 80 staff members to 35 NPC delegations and 34 CPPCC sectors to conduct observations. Each NPC delegation and CPPCC sector has comrades from the General Office of the State Council on site to fully record the specific amendments to the government work report and the draft outline of the "15th Five-Year Plan" (十五五规划纲要), as well as suggestions on government work, etc. At the same time, a special working group of 30 people was formed to comprehensively sort out the opinions and suggestions put forward by deputies and members, send them to the relevant drafting groups and relevant departments for research and handling as soon as possible, and establish a ledger to strengthen tracking and supervision.
This year, leading comrades from various departments of the State Council continued to attend meetings of NPC delegations and CPPCC sector consultation meetings to listen to opinions and answer inquiries. For the opinions and suggestions put forward by deputies and members, those that can be explained and answered on the spot will be actively responded to and answered on the spot; for major and complex issues, after organizing forces to conduct in-depth research, feedback will be given in a timely manner. The National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (工业和信息化部), the Ministry of Finance (财政部), the Ministry of Commerce (商务部) and other relevant departments of the State Council have drawn up a special working group of capable personnel to earnestly listen to the opinions and suggestions of deputies and members through receiving transfers from the General Office, sending personnel to observe on-site, and setting up a 24-hour hotline.
"In addition to attending meetings to listen to opinions and handling opinions and suggestions transferred by the General Office of the State Council, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has arranged for bureau-level cadres and business backbones from 9 departments to do a good job in answering 24-hour hotline calls during the meeting, and respond to the concerns of deputies and members in a timely manner," said the relevant person in charge of the General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
According to Jin Fengliang (金凤亮), director of the Suggestions and Proposals Office of the General Office of the Ministry of Finance, during this year's NPC and CPPCC sessions, the Ministry of Finance, led by ministry leaders, sent more than 160 bureau-level and division-level cadres to participate in on-site observation and explanation, achieving full coverage of 35 NPC delegations and 109 delegation groups.
The work of observing the two sessions has built a bridge for communication and exchange between the government and deputies and members, and has become a powerful measure to practice whole-process people's democracy and absorb public opinion to gather wisdom.
It is understood that during the 2025 NPC and CPPCC sessions, staff members of the General Office of the State Council went to various NPC delegations and CPPCC sectors to observe 196 meetings on site, summarized and sorted out observation records and two sessions briefings, formed a list of opinions and suggestions from deputies and members, and promptly transferred them to relevant departments for research and handling.
Relevant departments of the State Council earnestly absorbed the wisdom of deputies and members, and strived to transform good ideas and good ideas into effective measures to improve policies and measures and improve work efficiency:
In 2025, the National Development and Reform Commission combined the handling of 242 suggestions from deputies involving the preparation of the "15th Five-Year Plan" with the activity of seeking advice and suggestions for the "15th Five-Year Plan" Outline, and coordinated research and adoption, and strived to prepare a "15th Five-Year Plan" Outline that meets the needs and expectations of the people;
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology adopted suggestions such as accelerating the intelligent transformation of traditional manufacturing, and issued 334 policy measures;
The Ministry of Finance, in conjunction with handling the suggestions and proposals of deputies and members on creating a fertility-friendly society, further improved the fertility support policy system and incentive mechanism, and worked with relevant departments to study and draft and submit for issuance the "Implementation Plan for the Childcare Subsidy System";
The Ministry of Commerce actively studied and absorbed the suggestions of deputies and members, and used them as an important reference for formulating relevant policies to boost consumption, promote the quality and efficiency of foreign trade, promote the expansion of opening up and stabilize foreign investment, and improve the level of foreign investment cooperation.
2026 is the first year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." Staff members of the General Office of the State Council and relevant departments of the State Council said that they will do a careful and meticulous job in observing, summarizing, and transferring the opinions and suggestions of deputies and members with a highly responsible attitude, unite their efforts, work hard, and promote the realization of a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan" with practical actions.
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 5)
Return to TopThis newspaper reported from Beijing on March 5th (Reporter Yang Hao (杨昊)) March 5th of this year marks the 63rd anniversary of the "Learn from Lei Feng (雷锋)" campaign. Across the country, Communist Youth League organizations and youth volunteer associations are carrying out diverse and enriching youth volunteer service activities. They are actively guiding members of the Communist Youth League and young volunteers to serve national strategies, the people's livelihood, and social governance, fostering a strong atmosphere of learning from Lei Feng (雷锋) among young people.
Various regions are consistently integrating ideological and political guidance throughout the entire process of these activities. Through methods such as publicizing deeds, sharing themes, and creating cultural works, they are deeply interpreting the contemporary value of the Lei Feng (雷锋) spirit. The Communist Youth League of Liaoning Province (辽宁省) held a lecture on advanced role models and launched the annual "Learn from Lei Feng (雷锋)" youth volunteer service campaign. The Communist Youth League of Hunan Province (湖南省) carried out thematic practices and released the "Ten Small Actions for Hunan (湖南) Youth to Learn from Lei Feng (雷锋)" initiative. The Communist Youth League of Henan Province (河南省) set up multi-field volunteer service project exhibition areas, actively guiding members of the Communist Youth League and young people to devote themselves to the volunteer service cause.
Various regions are focusing on the needs of key groups such as the elderly and children, as well as new employment groups, and are deepening the implementation of youth volunteer service brand projects such as the "Care Action," "Golden Radiance Action," and "Sunshine Action." The Communist Youth League of Guizhou Province (贵州省) provides warm and convenient services for young people in emerging fields. The Communist Youth League of Jilin Province (吉林省) precisely focuses on young people in new employment groups such as online delivery personnel, couriers, and online car-hailing drivers, as well as the elderly and children in communities, providing services such as free medical consultations, free haircuts, and legal consultations. The Communist Youth League of Hebei Province (河北省) continues to promote special actions to help the disabled and respect and care for the elderly, conveying the warmth of youth with attentive service.
Taking the "Learn from Lei Feng (雷锋)" anniversary as an opportunity, various regions are deepening youth volunteer service community actions. The Communist Youth League of Shanghai (上海) is exploring effective ways for young people to participate in community governance. The Communist Youth League of Fujian Province (福建省) is building a docking platform for university volunteer service projects. The Communist Youth League of Shaanxi Province (陕西省) is simultaneously carrying out volunteer services in 6 communities and 1 new employment group service point, promoting the in-depth and practical implementation of "one community, one brand."
Various regions are also innovating service carriers and strengthening collaborative linkages to continuously improve the quality and efficiency of volunteer services. The Communist Youth League of Jiangsu Province (江苏省) released key area projects for youth volunteer service during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. The Communist Youth League of Hubei Province (湖北省) released 6 special volunteer service guidelines. Communist Youth League organizations in Sichuan (四川), Tianjin (天津), Gansu (甘肃), and other places are strengthening departmental coordination and regional linkages, gathering a powerful force for youth volunteer service.
Return to TopOur newspaper, Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, March 5th (Reporters Zheng Yi (郑轶) and Tao Xiang'an (陶相安)) Local time, March 5th, the Chinese sports delegation announced that female alpine skier Liu Sitong (刘思彤) and male snowboarder Ji Lijia (纪立家) will be the flag bearers for the Chinese sports delegation at the opening ceremony of the Milan Winter Paralympics.
Liu Sitong (刘思彤) is from Liaoning (辽宁). She won a silver medal in the women's sitting giant slalom, a bronze medal in the downhill, a bronze medal in the combined, and a bronze medal in the slalom at the Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympics. At this Winter Paralympics, she will participate in five events in the women's sitting alpine skiing category: downhill, super-G, combined, giant slalom, and slalom.
Ji Lijia (纪立家) is from Hebei (河北). He won a gold medal in the men's UL-level snowboard cross and a silver medal in the bank slalom at the Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympics. At this Winter Paralympics, he will participate in the UL-level snowboard cross and bank slalom events.
Return to TopThe Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030) for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), is compiled in accordance with the "Suggestions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中共中央) on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development." It mainly clarifies national strategic intentions, defines the government's work priorities, and guides and regulates the behavior of social entities. It is a grand blueprint for China to comprehensively build a modern socialist country during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period and a common program of action for people of all ethnic groups across the country.
Striving to Create a New Situation in the Construction of Chinese-style Modernization
The "15th Five-Year Plan" period holds an important position in the process of basically realizing socialist modernization, serving as a crucial period for consolidating the foundation and comprehensively exerting efforts. We must make unremitting efforts and continue to struggle, promote major breakthroughs in strategic tasks concerning the overall situation of Chinese-style modernization, and lay a more solid foundation for basically realizing socialist modernization.
Standing at a new starting point, China's development foundation is more solid, the development environment has undergone profound and complex changes, and we face new opportunities and challenges.
China's development has made significant achievements during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. The "14th Five-Year Plan" period was the starting stage of a new journey to comprehensively build a modern socialist country. China's development process was extremely unusual and extraordinary. Facing a complex and volatile international situation and arduous and heavy domestic reform, development, and stability tasks, the Party Central Committee (党中央) with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead. We withstood the severe impact of the century-long pandemic, effectively responded to a series of major risks and challenges, and promoted new major achievements in the cause of the Party and the country.
The guiding role of the new development concept has been fully demonstrated, important steps have been taken in building a new development pattern, new quality productive forces have steadily developed, and high-quality development has been steadily advanced. The main goals and tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan" have been successfully completed. China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached a new level. Chinese-style modernization has taken new and solid steps, and a good start has been made in the new journey toward the second centenary goal. The fundamental reason for achieving these major achievements lies in the leadership and command of the Party Central Committee (党中央) with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and in the concerted efforts and united struggle of the entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country.
China's development environment faces profound and complex changes during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. Relations between major powers affect the international situation, and changes in the international situation profoundly affect domestic development. China's development is in a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing.
Changes contain opportunities, and challenges inspire fighting spirit. Facing the changing international situation and various risks and challenges, we must deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards," maintain strategic focus, enhance confidence in victory, actively recognize changes, respond to changes, and seek changes, dare to struggle, be good at struggle, and be brave in facing major tests of high winds and waves or even stormy seas. With a proactive spirit, we will overcome difficulties, fight risks, and meet challenges, concentrate our efforts on doing our own things well, make overall plans and careful arrangements, consolidate and expand advantages, break through bottlenecks and constraints, strengthen weaknesses and shortcomings, win strategic initiative in fierce international competition, and respond to various uncertainties with the certainty of high-quality development, continuing to write new chapters in the two major miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability.
To promote economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, we must firmly grasp the following guiding ideology and major principles.
Guiding Ideology: Adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Important Thought of "Three Represents," and the Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (党的二十大) and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, earnestly implement the arrangements of the Fourth Plenary Session, focus on comprehensively building a strong socialist modern country and achieving the second centenary goal, comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, coordinate and promote the "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan," coordinate and promote the "Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy," coordinate the domestic and international situations, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, adhere to economic construction as the center, take promoting high-quality development as the theme, take reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, take meeting the people's growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, and take comprehensively strengthening Party discipline as the fundamental guarantee. We will promote the effective improvement of the quality and the reasonable growth of the quantity of the economy, promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all the people to take solid steps, and ensure that decisive progress is made in basically realizing socialist modernization.
Principles that must be followed: Adhere to the Party's overall leadership, adhere to the people-centered approach, adhere to high-quality development, adhere to comprehensively deepening reform, adhere to the combination of an effective market and a capable government, and adhere to coordinating development and security.
The following goals should be achieved for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period: significant achievements should be made in high-quality development, the level of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology should be greatly improved, new breakthroughs should be made in further comprehensively deepening reform, the level of social civilization should be significantly improved, the quality of people's lives should be continuously improved, new major progress should be made in building a beautiful China, and the national security barrier should be more consolidated.
On this basis, after another five years of hard work, by 2035, China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, national defense strength, comprehensive national strength, and international influence will have greatly increased, per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, people's lives will be happier and better, and socialist modernization will be basically realized.
Building a Modern Industrial System and Consolidating and Strengthening the Foundation of the Real Economy
We must adhere to focusing on the real economy in developing the economy, adhere to the direction of intelligence, greening, and integration, accelerate the construction of a manufacturing powerhouse, a quality powerhouse, an aerospace powerhouse, a transportation powerhouse, and a cyber powerhouse, maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, and build a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone.
Optimize and upgrade traditional industries. Strengthen the leading role of national standards, the enabling of digital and intelligent green technologies, and the binding force of environmental protection and safety systems to consolidate and enhance China's position and competitiveness in the global division of labor. Promote the quality and upgrading of key industries. Enhance the level of independent control of the industrial chain. Improve the mechanism for promoting the healthy and orderly development of industries.
Cultivate and strengthen emerging industries and future industries. Strengthen the supply of original technologies, accelerate the construction of application scenarios and ecosystems, cultivate more pillar and leading industries, and build new advantages in industrial development. Develop and strengthen emerging industries. Proactively lay out future industries. Improve the ecosystem for industrial innovation and development.
Promote the high-quality and efficient development of the service industry. Implement the action of expanding and improving the service industry, deepen the reform and opening up of the service sector, improve the supporting policy system, comprehensively improve the quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of the service industry, and better leverage the role of the service industry in supporting industrial upgrading, meeting people's needs, and driving employment expansion. Promote the extension of the producer services industry to specialization and the high end of the value chain. Promote the high-quality, diversified, and convenient development of the consumer services industry. Improve the policy system for the development of the service industry.
Build a modern infrastructure system. Adhere to moderate advance planning without excessive advance planning, strengthen the overall planning of infrastructure, optimize the layout structure, promote integration, and enhance safety resilience and operational sustainability. Improve the modern comprehensive transportation system. Accelerate the construction of new energy infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of a modern water network. Moderately advance the construction of new infrastructure.
Accelerate High-Level Self-Reliance and Self-Improvement in Science and Technology and Lead the Development of New Quality Productive Forces
Seize the historical opportunities of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, coordinate the construction of a strong country in education, a strong country in science and technology, and a strong country in talent, improve the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, comprehensively enhance independent innovation capabilities, seize the commanding heights of scientific and technological development, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and continuously generate new quality productive forces.
Strengthen original innovation and tackle key core technologies. Adhere to the combination of technology-driven and demand-driven, the combination of strengthening strengths and making up for weaknesses, improve the new national system, and promote the output of more iconic original achievements. Fight the battle to tackle key core technologies. Strengthen the scientific and technological layout in strategic frontier areas. Comprehensively improve the level of basic research.
Improve the ability of systematic innovation. Coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, improve the efficiency of innovation resource allocation, and build an independent, complete, open, and efficient national innovation system. Enhance the leading role of national strategic scientific and technological forces. Strengthen the guarantee of scientific and technological innovation resources. Build a new pattern of high-level scientific and technological opening up and cooperation.
Strengthen the main position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. Implement the main position of enterprises in technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization, and achievement transformation and application, and promote the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain. Promote the concentration of innovation resources in enterprises. Strengthen the integration of industry, academia, and research led by enterprises. Improve the policy system for promoting enterprise innovation.
Promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Deepen the integrated reform of education, science and technology, and talent, strengthen planning coordination, policy coordination, resource integration, and evaluation linkage, and promote the virtuous interaction between independent scientific and technological innovation and independent talent cultivation. Establish and improve a coordinated mechanism for integrated promotion. Coordinate and promote the cultivation of innovative talents. Jointly promote the innovation of incentive and evaluation mechanisms.
Deeply Promote the Construction of Digital China and Enhance the Level of Digital and Intelligent Development
Grasp the general trend of digital, networked, and intelligent development, give full play to China's advantages in abundant data resources, complete industrial system, and broad application scenarios, activate the potential of data elements, accelerate the innovation of digital and intelligent technologies, deepen and expand "Artificial Intelligence +", empower economic and social development and governance capabilities, and promote the deep-seated transformation of production methods and the revolutionary leap of productive forces.
Strengthen the efficient supply of computing power, algorithms, and data. Coordinate the construction of computing power facilities, the development of model algorithms, and the supply of high-quality data resources to consolidate the foundation for digital and intelligent development. Strengthen the support of computing power facilities. Promote the iterative innovation of model algorithms. Deepen the development and utilization of data resources.
Promote the empowerment of digital and intelligent technologies in all aspects. Comprehensively implement the "Artificial Intelligence +" action, strengthen the combination of artificial intelligence with scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, cultural construction, people's livelihood security, and social governance, seize the commanding heights of artificial intelligence industrial applications, and empower all industries in all aspects. Promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy. Create a better digital and intelligent life. Improve the digital and intelligent level of government governance.
Create a healthy and orderly development ecosystem. Adhere to the coordination of promoting development and regulating management, strengthen the construction of basic data system rules and artificial intelligence governance, and create a beneficial, safe, and fair development environment. Improve the basic system of data elements. Improve the scientific and effective supervision mechanism. Expand international cooperation in the digital and intelligent fields.
Build a Strong Domestic Market and Accelerate the Construction of a New Development Pattern
Adhere to expanding domestic demand as a strategic base point, adhere to the close combination of benefiting people's livelihood and promoting consumption, investing in things and investing in people, lead new supply with new demand, create new demand with new supply, promote the virtuous interaction between consumption and investment, supply and demand, achieve a higher level of dynamic balance between supply and demand, and enhance the endogenous power and reliability of the domestic grand cycle.
Vigorously boost consumption. Deeply implement special actions to boost consumption, enhance residents' consumption capacity, improve consumption willingness, adapt to the consumption needs of different groups, expand high-quality supply, and promote the rapid growth of commodity and service consumption in the whole society. Consolidate the foundation of residents' consumption. Release the potential of service consumption. Promote the expansion and upgrading of commodity consumption. Continuously improve the consumption environment.
Expand effective investment. Accelerate the construction of an endogenous growth mechanism for effective investment, maintain reasonable investment growth, improve the comprehensive benefits of investment, and better leverage the role of investment in supporting national strategies, optimizing the supply structure, and meeting people's livelihood needs. Improve the efficiency of government investment. Stimulate the vitality of private investment. Promote the virtuous cycle of investment and consumption.
Promote the construction of a unified national market in depth. Resolutely eliminate the blockages and pain points that hinder the construction of a unified national market, eliminate local protection and market segmentation, and promote the smooth flow of commodity factor resources in a wider range. Improve the basic system rules of the unified national market. Maintain a fair competitive market order. Promote the high-standard connection of market facilities.
Accelerate the Construction of a High-Level Socialist Market Economic System and Enhance the Driving Force for High-Quality Development
Adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, better leverage the leading role of economic system reform, build a high-standard market system, improve the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance, promote the optimal allocation of resources and the maximization of benefits, stimulate the endogenous power and innovation vitality of the whole society, and ensure that high-quality development is stable and far-reaching.
Fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities. Adhere to and implement the "Two Unwavering" policy, and promote the complementary advantages and common development of various ownership economies. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises. Develop and strengthen the private economy. Actively create a first-class business environment.
Accelerate the improvement of the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of factors. Deepen the market-oriented reform of factors, smooth the channels for the orderly flow of factors, coordinate incremental optimization and stock revitalization, and promote the efficient allocation of various factor resources. Improve the factor market system and rules. Improve the price formation mechanism of resource factors. Revitalize and utilize existing resources.
Improve the macroeconomic governance system. Improve the level of macroeconomic regulation and government governance, and promote the formation of more economic development models driven by domestic demand, driven by consumption, and driven by endogenous growth. Improve the macroeconomic regulation and control system. Improve the modern fiscal system. Accelerate the construction of a financial powerhouse.
Expand High-Level Opening Up to the Outside World and Create a New Situation of Cooperation and Win-Win Results
Adhere to open cooperation, mutual benefit, and win-win results, steadily expand institutional opening up, build a new system of a higher-level open economy, promote the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road" initiative, expand international circulation, promote reform and development through opening up, advocate an equal and orderly world multipolarization and inclusive economic globalization, and share opportunities and common development with countries around the world.
Actively expand autonomous opening up. Expand opening up by connecting with international high-standard economic and trade rules, promote the interconnection and compatibility of domestic and international rules, regulations, management, and standards, and create a transparent, stable, and predictable institutional environment. Orderly expand the fields and regions of opening up. Build a system and regulatory system that is compatible with high-standard economic and trade rules. Optimize the regional opening layout.
Improve the quality and level of trade and investment cooperation. Strengthen the coordination of imports and exports, emphasize both goods and services, coordinate the attraction of foreign investment and overseas investment, and shape new advantages in international trade and two-way investment cooperation. Promote the innovative development of trade. Attract and utilize foreign investment with greater efforts. Promote international industrial and investment cooperation.
Build the "Belt and Road" with high quality. Adhere to the guiding principles of joint consultation, joint construction, and sharing, openness, greenness, integrity, high standards, benefiting people's livelihood, and sustainability, improve the mechanism for promoting the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road," and deepen the "hard connectivity" of infrastructure, the "soft connectivity" of rules and standards, and the "heart connectivity" of the people of the co-construction countries. Deepen the alignment of development strategies. Improve the layout of the three-dimensional interconnection network. Comprehensively improve the quality and effectiveness of pragmatic cooperation.
Promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind. Implement the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, actively promote major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, and make Chinese contributions to building a community with a shared future for mankind. Actively participate in and lead global economic governance. Promote the construction of a new type of international relations. Provide more international public goods.
Accelerate the Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas and Solidly Promote the Comprehensive Revitalization of Rural Areas
Adhere to giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, adhere to the integrated development of urban and rural areas, improve the long-term mechanism for promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, vigorously develop modern agriculture, promote the basic conditions for modern life in rural areas, continue to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation, narrow the gap between urban and rural development, and accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country.
Improve the comprehensive production capacity and quality and efficiency of agriculture. Adhere to grasping output capacity, production ecology, increased production, and increased income together, promote the connection between production and demand, structural optimization, and quality improvement, and improve agricultural labor productivity and the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress. Strengthen the supply guarantee of grain and other important agricultural products. Strengthen the support of agricultural science and technology and equipment. Build a diversified food supply system.
Enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and quality benefits. Adhere to simultaneously focusing on yield and capacity, production and ecology, and increased production and income, promote the connection between production and demand, structural optimization, and quality improvement, and increase agricultural labor productivity and the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress. Strengthen the supply guarantee of grain and other important agricultural products. Strengthen agricultural science and technology and equipment support. Construct a diversified food supply system.
Promote the construction of livable, business-friendly, and beautiful countryside. Learn from and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" Project (千万工程), promote rural revitalization in a categorized and orderly manner and in clusters, deeply implement rural construction actions, and gradually improve the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services, and the comfort of the living environment. Create high-quality rural living spaces. Develop county-level industries that enrich the people. Strengthen and improve rural governance.
Improve the effectiveness of policies that strengthen agriculture, benefit agriculture, and enrich farmers. Improve the system and mechanism and policy system for prioritizing the development of agriculture and rural areas, promote the two-way flow of urban and rural factors, and enhance the vitality of agricultural and rural development. Strengthen investment guarantees for agriculture and rural areas. Deepen agricultural and rural reforms. Improve the normalized assistance mechanism.
Optimize the Regional Economic Layout and Promote Coordinated Regional Development
Give play to the superimposed effects of regional coordinated development strategies, major regional strategies, major function-oriented zoning strategies, and new urbanization strategies, coordinate the in-depth implementation of strategies within regions and the coordinated development between regions, optimize the layout of major productive forces, give play to the role of key regional growth poles, and construct a regional economic layout and territorial space system with complementary advantages and high-quality development.
Enhance the coordination of regional development. Adhere to the consistent implementation of regional development strategies, adapt measures to local conditions and implement policies by region and category, encourage all regions to give play to their comparative advantages and strengths, promote the coordinated development of the east, central, and western regions and the north and south, and promote relative balance in development. Enhance the level of coordinated development in the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions. Consolidate and enhance the role of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀), Yangtze River Delta (长三角), and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区) as sources of power. Promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Support the revitalization and development of special types of regions.
Promote regional linkage development. Based on cross-regional and cross-basin major channels, with the linkage development of urban agglomerations as the carrier, and with the coordination of systems and mechanisms as the guarantee, promote mutual integration, mutual promotion, mutual benefit, and win-win results between regions, and expand the space for the domestic grand cycle. Improve the layout of regional linkage development. Improve cross-regional cooperation mechanisms.
Optimize the development pattern of territorial space. Adhere to adapting to water where water is suitable, adapting to mountains where mountains are suitable, adapting to grain where grain is suitable, adapting to agriculture where agriculture is suitable, adapting to industry where industry is suitable, and adapting to commerce where commerce is suitable, improve the system of major function-oriented zones, improve the pertinence and accuracy of policies, and promote the formation of a spatial development pattern with effective constraints on major functions and orderly territorial development. Strengthen the implementation of major function-oriented zoning strategies. Optimize territorial space control. Strengthen coordinated governance of territorial space.
Deeply promote people-oriented new urbanization. Continuously improve the quality of urbanization, promote the comprehensive integration of agricultural transfer populations into cities, optimize the urban scale structure, promote the connotative development of cities, and promote the coordinated development and intensive and compact layout of large, medium, and small cities and small towns. Promote the urbanization of agricultural transfer populations in a scientific and orderly manner. Cultivate and develop modern metropolitan areas. Build modern people's cities. Promote urbanization construction with county towns as important carriers in a categorized manner.
Strengthen marine development, utilization, and protection. Adhere to the overall planning of land and sea, improve the ability to manage the sea, accelerate the construction of a maritime power, and embark on a path of strengthening the country through the sea with Chinese characteristics. Promote the high-quality development of the marine economy. Protect the marine ecological environment. Safeguard national maritime rights and interests.
Stimulate the Cultural Innovation and Creativity of the Entire Nation and Prosper and Develop Socialist Culture
Adhere to the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, be rooted in the broad and profound Chinese civilization, conform to the development trend of information technology, develop socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the new era with strong ideological leadership, spiritual cohesion, value appeal, and international influence, and solidly promote the construction of a strong cultural country.
Promote and practice socialist core values. Lead cultural construction with socialist core values, develop and strengthen mainstream values, mainstream public opinion, and mainstream culture, and continuously build Chinese spirit, Chinese values, and Chinese strength. Promote the normalization and institutionalization of ideal and belief education. Improve the level of social civilization. Strengthen the construction of cyber civilization.
Vigorously promote cultural undertakings. Improve the public cultural service system, strengthen the protection, inheritance, and utilization of excellent traditional culture, and enable the people to enjoy a higher quality of cultural life. Prosper cultural creation and production. Improve the level of public cultural services. Strengthen the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage.
Accelerate the development of the cultural industry. Improve the cultural management system and production and operation mechanism, implement active cultural economic policies, vigorously develop the cultural tourism industry, and empower economic and social development with culture. Improve the cultural industry system and market system. Promote the deep integration of culture and tourism.
Enhance the communication and influence of Chinese civilization. Accelerate the construction of a Chinese discourse and Chinese narrative system, enhance the effectiveness of international communication, strengthen foreign cultural exchanges and cooperation, and show a credible, lovable, and respectable image of China. Build a more effective international communication system. Deepen exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations.
Improve the Population Development Strategy and Promote High-Quality Population Development
Improve the population development strategy with a focus on addressing population aging and declining birth rates, improve the population service system covering the entire population and the entire life cycle, optimize the population structure, improve the quality of the population, and support Chinese-style modernization with high-quality population development.
Build a fertility-friendly society. Optimize fertility support policies and incentive measures, effectively reduce the cost of family birth, raising, and education, strive to stabilize the scale of new births, and promote the long-term balanced development of the population. Improve fertility support policies. Improve the childcare service system. Improve family development policies and a fertility-friendly environment.
Run education that satisfies the people. Adhere to prioritizing the development of education, implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, deepen the comprehensive reform of education, improve the education resource allocation mechanism adapted to population changes, build a high-quality education system, and cultivate socialist builders and successors who develop morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically, and in terms of labor. Implement the new era's project of fostering virtue through education. Promote the expansion and improvement of basic education. Promote the improvement and expansion of higher education. Enhance the operating capacity of vocational schools.
Accelerate the construction of a healthy China. Implement a health-first development strategy, improve the policy and institutional system for health promotion, enhance the effectiveness of the patriotic health campaign, promote the shift from a focus on treating diseases to a focus on health, provide the people with fair, accessible, systematic, and continuous health services, and improve the people's health level. Improve the public health system. Build a high-quality and efficient medical service system. Improve the coordinated development and governance mechanism of medical care, health insurance, and medicine. Promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine. Accelerate the construction of a sports power.
Actively respond to population aging. Deeply implement the national strategy of actively responding to population aging, improve the policy mechanism for the coordinated development of the elderly care cause and industry, and promote elderly care, elderly participation, and elderly enjoyment. Improve the urban and rural elderly care service network. Create a rich and colorful life for the elderly.
Increase Efforts to Guarantee and Improve People's Livelihood and Solidly Promote Common Prosperity for All
Adhere to guaranteeing and improving people's livelihood in high-quality development, adhere to doing our best and acting according to our capabilities, improve the basic public service system, implement more fair, inclusive, precise, and powerful social policies, strengthen inclusive, basic, and bottom-line livelihood construction, solve the urgent, difficult, and worrying problems of the people, smooth social mobility channels, and improve the quality of people's lives.
Promote high-quality and full employment. Deeply implement the employment-first strategy, adhere to combining expanding employment capacity and improving employment quality, improve the employment promotion mechanism, and build an employment-friendly development mode. Strengthen employment-first policies. Carry out large-scale vocational skills training. Strengthen employment services and the protection of workers' rights and interests.
Improve the income distribution system. Adhere to distribution according to work as the mainstay, with the coexistence of multiple distribution methods, improve the institutional system for coordinating and supporting primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution, increase the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in primary distribution. Optimize the primary distribution pattern. Increase the intensity of income distribution regulation. Steadily expand the size of the middle-income group.
Improve the social security system. Focusing on strengthening the protection of key groups and enhancing the sustainability of the system, improve a multi-level social security system that covers the entire population, integrates urban and rural areas, is fair and unified, safe and standardized, and sustainable. Steadily improve the level of social security. Enhance the sustainability of the social insurance system. Improve the social assistance system.
Promote the high-quality development of the real estate industry. Accelerate the construction of a new model for real estate development, improve the housing system with multiple entities providing supply, multiple channels providing security, and renting and purchasing equally emphasized, and achieve a higher level of housing for all. Improve the housing security system. Promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.
Steadily promote the equalization of basic public services. Enhance the balance and accessibility of basic public services, and promote more obvious substantive progress in the equalization of basic public services. Establish a system for the equalization of basic public services. Comprehensively promote the provision of basic public services in the place of permanent residence.
Protect the development rights and interests of various groups. Improve the care and service system, create a social environment that effectively guarantees the development rights and interests of women, minors, young people, and people with disabilities, and improve the service and security level of veterans. Promote gender equality and the comprehensive development of women. Strengthen the care and protection of minors. Support youth development. Strengthen veteran service and security. Enhance the security and development capabilities of people with disabilities.
Accelerate the Comprehensive Green Transformation of Economic and Social Development and Build a Beautiful China
Firmly establish and practice the concept that green mountains and clear waters are invaluable assets, guided by carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and guaranteed by a sound ecological civilization system, coordinate carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, improve the quality of the ecological environment, consolidate the ecological security barrier, and enhance the momentum of green development.
Actively and prudently promote and achieve carbon peaking. Coordinate development and emission reduction, solidly carry out carbon peaking actions, accelerate the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure, energy structure, and transportation structure, and ensure the realization of the carbon peaking goal as scheduled. Comprehensively implement the dual control system of total carbon emissions and intensity. Promote energy conservation and carbon reduction in key areas. Enhance the ability to cope with global climate change.
Continuously improve environmental quality. Adhere to environmental protection for the people, comprehensively implement precise, scientific, and law-based pollution control, pay more attention to source governance, strengthen the coordination of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, the coordination of multi-pollutant control, and the coordination of regional governance, and accelerate the transformation of environmental quality improvement from quantitative change to qualitative change. Deeply fight the battles to defend blue skies, clear waters, and pure land. Strengthen environmental risk prevention and control. Improve the modern environmental governance system.
Enhance the diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems. Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, coordinate natural restoration and artificial restoration, pay more attention to improving quality, promoting industries, and benefiting the people, and build a large pattern of protection and governance from mountain tops to the ocean. Consolidate and optimize the ecological security barrier. Comprehensively promote the construction of a natural protected area system. Improve the ecological protection mechanism.
Accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyles. Highlight saving first, strengthen policy incentives, guide the participation of the entire society, accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of development methods, and form new green production methods and new trends in life. Strengthen the conservation and intensive use of resources. Improve the green development policy system. Carry out green and low-carbon national actions.
Promote the Modernization of the National Security System and Capacity and Build a Higher-Level Safe China
Unswervingly implement the overall national security concept, accelerate the construction of a new security pattern, enhance the strategic initiative to maintain and shape national security, follow the path of socialist social governance with Chinese characteristics, and ensure that society is full of vitality and orderly.
Strengthen the construction of the national security system and capacity. Adhere to strategy as the guide, policy as the grasp, the rule of law as the guarantee, and risk prevention and control as the foothold, consolidate the centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative national security leadership system, formulate and implement national security strategies, and improve the national security legal system, strategic system, policy system, and risk prevention and control system. Strengthen the coordination mechanism for key areas and important special projects of national security, and improve emergency response effectiveness. Implement the national security responsibility system, promote the coordinated linkage of the entire chain and all elements, and form a systematic synergy. Strengthen the national security capacity building in key areas, forge a practical and useful national security capacity, highlight the protection of major security issues concerning the long-term stability of the country, the healthy and stable economy, and the people's peaceful and happy life, and put safeguarding political security in the first place. Consolidate the basic guarantee of national security, and strengthen the national security capacity building in emerging fields. Improve the foreign-related national security mechanism, build an overseas security guarantee system, strengthen the fight against sanctions, anti-interference, and anti-"long-arm jurisdiction," and deepen international law enforcement and security cooperation. Strengthen national security education and build a people's defense line.
Ensure national economic security. Focus on key varieties to strengthen the guarantee of strategic materials, focus on systemically important areas to prevent and resolve major risks, and focus on new industries, new business forms, and new application scenarios to enhance the risk prevention and control capabilities of weak links, and comprehensively improve security guarantee capabilities by accurately making up for shortcomings. Enhance the ability to guarantee food security. Strengthen the guarantee of energy and resource supply. Improve the long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving risks in key areas. Enhance network security guarantee capabilities.
Improve the level of public safety governance. Improve the public safety system, promote the transformation of the public safety governance model to pre-event prevention, and effectively safeguard the safety of people's lives and property. Strengthen food and drug safety supervision. Improve the level of safe production. Improve the emergency management system.
Improve the social governance system. Adhere to systematic governance, law-based governance, comprehensive governance, and source governance, improve the social governance system of co-construction, co-governance, and sharing, improve the social work system and mechanism and the social governance policy, laws, and regulations system, and promote the modernization of social governance. Consolidate the foundation of grassroots social governance. Enhance the effectiveness of governance in emerging fields. Effectively maintain social security and stability.
Achieve the Centenary Goal of the People's Liberation Army as Scheduled and Promote the Modernization of National Defense and the Armed Forces with High Quality
Implement Xi Jinping's (习近平) thinking on strengthening the military, implement the military strategic policy for the new era, adhere to the Party's absolute leadership over the people's armed forces, implement the chairman responsibility system of the Central Military Commission (中央军委), promote political building of the army, strengthening the army through reform, strengthening the army through science and technology, strengthening the army through talent, and governing the army according to law in accordance with the new "three-step" strategy for modernizing national defense and the armed forces, fight, prepare for war, and build at the same time, accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization, and improve the strategic ability to safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
Focus on improving the quality and efficiency of the modernization of national defense and the armed forces. Accelerate the modernization of military theory, military organizational forms, military personnel, weapons and equipment, and military governance, improve the People's Liberation Army's ability to win battles, and effectively fulfill the missions and tasks of the People's Liberation Army in the new era. Accelerate the construction of advanced combat capabilities. Promote the modernization of military governance.
Consolidate and improve the integrated national strategic system and capabilities. Strengthen the overall planning of military and local strategies, the connection of policies and systems, and the sharing of resource elements, and promote the synchronous improvement of national defense strength and economic strength. Deepen cross-military and local reforms, and build a cross-military and local work pattern with clear division of responsibilities, close collaboration, and standardized order. Accelerate the construction of strategic capabilities in emerging fields, and promote the efficient integration and two-way pull of new quality productive forces and new quality combat forces. Build an advanced national defense science and technology industry system, optimize the layout of the national defense science and technology industry, and promote the generalization of military and civilian standards. Strengthen the reporting and military-local connection of military needs for national defense construction, promote the comprehensive implementation of national defense requirements in major infrastructure, and strengthen national defense strategic prefabrication. Accelerate the construction of national defense mobilization capabilities, and strengthen the construction of reserve forces. Strengthen the construction of modern border, sea, and air defense, and promote the joint efforts of the Party, government, military, police, and people to strengthen the border and consolidate defense. Deepen national defense education for all people and consolidate the unity between the government and the military and between the military and the people.
Develop Whole-Process People's Democracy and Improve the Socialist Legal System with Chinese Characteristics
Unswervingly follow the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the organic unity of the Party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and the rule of law, and consolidate and develop a lively, stable, and united political situation.
Develop socialist democracy. Expand the people's orderly political participation, enrich democratic forms at all levels, develop a broader, fuller, and sounder whole-process people's democracy, and ensure that the people exercise democratic elections, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision in accordance with the law.
Develop socialist democracy. Expand orderly political participation by the people, enrich democratic forms at all levels, develop whole-process people's democracy that is broader, fuller, and healthier, and ensure that the people exercise democratic elections, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision in accordance with the law.
Advance the comprehensive rule of law. Adhere to the comprehensive rule of law, coordinate the advancement of scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial justice, and universal law-abidingness, better leverage the fundamental, stable, and long-term guarantee role of the rule of law, and build a socialist rule-of-law state with a higher level.
Uphold and Improve "One Country, Two Systems" and Advance the Reunification of the Motherland
Resolutely safeguard and promote the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门), unswervingly advance the great cause of the reunification of the motherland, and join hands to create a great cause of national rejuvenation.
Promote the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门). Resolutely implement the principles of "One Country, Two Systems" (一国两制), "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong" (港人治港), "Macao people governing Macao" (澳人治澳), and a high degree of autonomy, implement the principle of "patriots governing Hong Kong" (爱国者治港) and "patriots governing Macao" (爱国者治澳), enhance the effectiveness of governance in Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) in accordance with the law, promote the economic and social development of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门), and leverage the unique advantages and important role of Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) in relying on the motherland and connecting with the world. Support Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) in consolidating and enhancing their competitive advantages. Support Hong Kong (香港) and Macao (澳门) in better integrating into and serving the overall national development.
Promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and advance the great cause of the reunification of the motherland. Adhere to the One China principle and the "1992 Consensus" (九二共识), thoroughly implement the Party's overall strategy for resolving the Taiwan (台湾) issue in the new era, resolutely crack down on "Taiwan independence" (台独) separatist forces, oppose interference by external forces, safeguard peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, firmly grasp the leading and proactive role in cross-strait relations, enhance the well-being of compatriots on both sides of the strait, and firmly safeguard the common home of the Chinese nation. Promote cross-strait economic cooperation. Deepen cross-strait exchanges.
Strengthen the Implementation Guarantee of the Plan
Adhere to and strengthen the Party's overall leadership, unremittingly advance the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, enhance the Party's political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, improve the Party's ability and level of leading economic and social development, improve the national economic and social development planning system, and gather tremendous strength for advancing Chinese-style modernization.
Adhere to and strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Central Committee of the Party. Resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the Central Committee of the Party, give full play to the Party's leading core role in overseeing the overall situation and coordinating all parties, and provide a fundamental guarantee for promoting the implementation of the plan. Strengthen the Party's leadership over the entire process of plan implementation. Comprehensively enhance the modernization construction capabilities of the cadre team. Improve the Party and state supervision system.
Improve the full-cycle promotion mechanism for plan implementation. Implement the National Development Plan Law, improve the unified planning system, fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the entire society, vigorously and orderly promote the implementation of various goals and tasks, and ensure that the decisions and deployments of the Central Committee of the Party are implemented. Form a unified planning system synergy. Promote the implementation of planning tasks by category. Strengthen policy coordination and guarantee. Strengthen the monitoring, evaluation, and supervision of plan implementation.
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopEntrusted by the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Vice Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, delivered an explanation on the draft "Law of the People's Republic of China on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress" to the fourth session of the 14th NPC on March 5. The summary of the explanation is as follows:
I. The Great Significance of Formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has attached great importance to ethnic work, adhered to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, continuously promoted the adaptation of Marxist ethnic theory to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and clearly proposed taking the forging of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main line of the Party's ethnic work and all work in ethnic regions in the new era. This has formed General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work, and the practice of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation has been continuously expanded and deepened, achieving new historic achievements in the Party's ethnic work. The 2018 constitutional amendment wrote "the Chinese nation" into the Constitution for the first time, explicitly stipulating "to safeguard and develop the socialist relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony among all ethnic groups." The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is a major political and legislative task deployed by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee clearly proposed "formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress." Implementing the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee, based on the historical orientation of the Party's ethnic work in the new era, fully implementing the provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution, and formulating the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress to consolidate the legal foundation for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community are of great significance for comprehensively advancing the cause of ethnic unity and progress and promoting the unity and struggle of all ethnic groups in the country to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
(1) The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is a major measure to thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work and the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee. General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work is the latest achievement in adapting Marxist ethnic theory to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is to transform General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work, especially the major concept of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, into the will of the state through legal procedures, elevate the successful experiences in promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community and the cause of ethnic unity and progress since the 18th National Congress of the CPC to legal provisions, and guarantee the Party's comprehensive leadership over ethnic work from the institutional and legal levels, continuously consolidating the common ideological and political foundation and legal foundation for the unity and struggle of all ethnic groups, and jointly realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
(2) The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is an urgent requirement for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "A strong sense of community for the Chinese nation is the foundation of ethnic unity." Taking the forging of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main line of the Party's ethnic work and all work in ethnic regions in the new era is a major theoretical and practical achievement of our Party in adhering to the "two integrations," focusing on the "two overall situations," deeply summarizing the experiences and lessons of ethnic work at home and abroad, and deeply understanding the development trend of the Chinese nation community. The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is to conform to the general trend of the Chinese nation moving from history to the future, from tradition to modernity, and from diversity to unity, improve the institutional mechanisms for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, promote the construction of a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation, promote exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups, guide people of all ethnic groups to firmly establish the concept of a community with a shared future, sharing weal and woe, life and death, and destiny, and promote the Chinese nation to become a community with a higher degree of identity and stronger cohesion.
(3) The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is a realistic need to unite and concentrate efforts to promote Chinese-style modernization and promote the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "The common unity and struggle, common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups are the life, strength, and hope of the Chinese nation." The great unity of the Chinese nation is the prerequisite and foundation for comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization. The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is to clarify the general policies and key tasks of the state in supporting the high-quality development of ethnic regions and promoting the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups, support ethnic regions in accelerating their integration into the overall national development situation from the institutional and legal levels, solidly promote the common prosperity of all ethnic groups, continuously realize the people's yearning for a better life, and gather tremendous strength for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
(4) The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is an objective requirement for implementing the strategy of comprehensively governing the country according to law and promoting the modernization of the ethnic affairs governance system and governance capacity on the track of the rule of law. Ethnic issues are an important content stipulated in the Constitution of our country, and governing ethnic affairs according to law is an important aspect of comprehensively governing the country according to law. The Constitution stipulates: "The People's Republic of China is a unified multi-ethnic state created jointly by the people of all its ethnic groups." "Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the obligation to safeguard the unity of the country and the unity of all ethnic groups in the country." As the basic law for implementing the relevant provisions of the Constitution, handling ethnic affairs, and carrying out ethnic work in the new era, the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress provides a clear legal basis for governing ethnic affairs according to law. The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is to give full play to the role of the rule of law in consolidating the foundation, stabilizing expectations, and benefiting the long term, safeguarding the unity and dignity of the socialist legal system, using the law to guarantee ethnic unity, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the people of all ethnic groups, governing ethnic affairs according to law, and continuously improving the ability and level of ethnic affairs governance.
(5) The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is an important measure to cope with the major changes unseen in a century and enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "We must resolutely safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests, educate and guide all ethnic groups to inherit and carry forward the patriotic tradition, and consciously safeguard national unity, national security, and social stability." Doing a good job in ethnic work is related to national unity and border consolidation, ethnic unity and social stability, and the country's long-term stability and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress is to clarify through national legislation that safeguarding national unity and promoting ethnic unity and progress are the common responsibilities of all Chinese people, strengthen the people of all ethnic groups' high recognition of the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), and socialism with Chinese characteristics, and use legal weapons to effectively prevent and resolve major risks and hidden dangers in the ethnic field.
II. Guiding Ideology, Important Principles, and Working Process of Legislation
The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress adheres to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guide, deeply studies and implements Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, and General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work, comprehensively implements the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, earnestly summarizes the historic achievements and successful experiences of ethnic work since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, takes forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main line, and promotes the high-quality development of the cause of ethnic unity and progress.
The formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress follows the following principles: First, adhere to the correct political direction. Deeply understand the great significance of the "two integrations," adhere to General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work as the fundamental guideline, comprehensively implement the "twelve musts" requirements of this important thought, and promote Chinese-style modernization with the great unity of the Chinese nation. Second, adhere to the correct view of the history of the Chinese nation. Take whether it is conducive to strengthening the commonality of the Chinese nation and enhancing the sense of community of the Chinese nation as the primary consideration, unswervingly follow the correct path of solving ethnic problems with Chinese characteristics, maintain, consolidate, and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony, and promote the construction of the Chinese nation community. Third, adhere to correctly grasping the "four relationships." Adhere to correctly grasping the relationship between commonality and difference, the relationship between the sense of community of the Chinese nation and the consciousness of all ethnic groups, the relationship between Chinese culture and the cultures of all ethnic groups, and the relationship between material and spiritual, implement the working principles of increasing commonality and respecting and tolerating differences, achieve the dialectical unity of commonality and difference, and the organic combination of ethnic factors and regional factors, maximize the cohesion of all ethnic groups, and realize the common unity, struggle, prosperity, and development of all ethnic groups. Fourth, adhere to legislating in accordance with the Constitution. Comprehensively implement the provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution, take the provisions of the Constitution on safeguarding national unity and the unity of all ethnic groups in the country as the fundamental basis for legislation, write measures and mechanisms that meet the new requirements of the new era into the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, and coordinate and connect with the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy and other laws and regulations, focusing on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community, and adjusting ethnic relations nationwide.
The NPC Standing Committee resolutely implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions and the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee, attached great importance to the legislative work of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, included the formulation of the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress in the Standing Committee's legislative plan and annual legislative work plan, and officially launched the legislative work in November 2023. Chairman Zhao Leji (赵乐际) presided over two meetings of the Party Leadership Group of the NPC Standing Committee to study the relevant major issues in legislation. Under the leadership of the Party Leadership Group of the NPC Standing Committee, a legislative leading group was established, with Vice Chairman Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠) as the leader and Vice Chairmen Peng Qinghua (彭清华), Losang Jamcan (洛桑江村), and Shohrat Zakir (雪克来提·扎克尔) as deputy leaders, and a working team was formed, establishing a working mechanism with responsible comrades from relevant departments participating, specifically responsible for drafting the law. The main work done was as follows: First, deeply study and understand General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work, systematically sort out the relevant provisions and contents involving ethnic work in the central policy documents since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, and accurately grasp the political direction of legislation. Second, comprehensively refine the legislative experience and practical achievements of relevant localities, entrust experts and scholars in relevant fields to conduct research on major topics, and form relevant research reports and legislative materials. Third, go to relevant localities to conduct legislative research, listen to opinions and suggestions, and deeply understand the realistic problems that need to be solved and legislative needs. Fourth, fully absorb the results of legislative research, benchmark and align with the latest spirit of the CPC Central Committee in a timely manner, and organize forces to repeatedly revise the draft. The legislative leading group held multiple meetings to study and revise the draft, forming a draft for soliciting opinions. Fifth, the draft for soliciting opinions was sent to 224 units of central state organs and provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), widely listened to opinions, further revised and improved the draft, and communicated with relevant units on some key issues to widely gather consensus. After repeated research, revision, and improvement, the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress was formed. On August 29, 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to discuss and principally agree to the request of the Party Leadership Group of the NPC Standing Committee regarding the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress.
In September 2025, the 17th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee conducted the first review of the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress. The members of the Standing Committee generally believed that the draft transforms the major theoretical and practical achievements of the Party in ethnic work into the will of the state through national legislation, declares the political stance of the Party and the state on ethnic work in the new era, clarifies the overall requirements, important principles, and the responsibilities and requirements of relevant subjects for the cause of ethnic unity and progress, stipulates specific measures for building a common spiritual home, promoting exchanges, interactions, and integration, and promoting common prosperity and development, and improves the institutional mechanisms for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, which is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of the cause of ethnic unity and progress and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community on the track of the rule of law. After the meeting, the Constitution and Law Committee of the NPC, the Ethnic Affairs Committee of the NPC, and the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee held seminars to listen to the opinions of relevant central departments and experts and scholars, and the Legislative Affairs Commission issued the draft to relevant central departments, provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), some cities divided into districts, grassroots legislative liaison points, some universities and research institutions to solicit opinions, and published the full text of the draft on the China NPC website to solicit public opinions. In December 2025, the 19th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee conducted a second review of the draft Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress and decided to submit it to the fourth session of the 14th NPC for deliberation. After the meeting, the draft was issued to the deputies of the 14th NPC, organized and deployed the deputies of the NPC to study and discuss, and solicited public opinions again. On January 30, 2026, the Constitution and Law Committee held a meeting to further revise and improve the draft based on the deliberation opinions of the 19th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee, the deputies' study opinions, and the opinions of all parties; it was believed that the draft had been fully absorbed the opinions and suggestions of all parties after two reviews by the NPC Standing Committee and wide solicitation of opinions, and it was relatively mature. Accordingly, the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress (Draft)" was formed for submission to this meeting for deliberation.
III. Main Contents of the Draft
The draft adopts the format of "preamble + 7 chapters" and has a total of 64 articles. The main contents include:
(1) About the preamble. The preamble of the draft takes the formation and development of the Chinese nation community as the main line of narration, focusing on expounding General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work, especially the great significance of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community; declaring and clarifying the political stance, specific tasks, and efforts of the Party and the state on ethnic work in the new era, and putting forward clear requirements for the people of all ethnic groups across the country, all state organs and armed forces, all political parties and social organizations, and all enterprises and institutions.
(2) About the overall requirements and important principles. Chapter 1 "General Provisions" of the draft comprehensively implements and specifically expounds the core essence of the "twelve musts" of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on strengthening and improving ethnic work. First, implement the provisions of the Constitution and clarify that the cause of ethnic unity and progress adheres to the Party's comprehensive leadership and adheres to the guiding ideology of the Party and the state (Articles 1 and 2 of the draft). Second, explain the core concepts such as forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community (Articles 3 and 4 of the draft). Third, stipulate important principles such as ethnic equality, ethnic unity, and ethnic progress (Articles 5 to 7 of the draft). Fourth, make provisions for adhering to and improving the system of regional ethnic autonomy, adhering to governing ethnic affairs according to law, and safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests (Articles 8 to 10 of the draft).
(3) About building a common spiritual home. Building a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation is the spiritual and cultural foundation for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and Chapter 2 of the draft makes specific provisions. First, clarify that the socialist core values are the guide, guiding the people of all ethnic groups to strengthen the "five recognitions" and establish the correct "five views" (Articles 11 and 12 of the draft). Second, make specific provisions for enhancing the recognition of Chinese culture and constructing the identification system of Chinese civilization (Articles 13 and 14 of the draft). Third, clearly stipulate that the state comprehensively promotes the popularization of the national common language and writing, and make specific provisions on the language and writing used in education and teaching, the language and writing used in official affairs, and the use of the national common language and writing in public places (Article 15 of the draft). Fourth, make specific provisions on the mechanisms and carriers for building a common spiritual home such as school education, theoretical research, and publicity and education, and comprehensively promote the construction of a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation under new historical conditions (Articles 16 to 20 of the draft). Fifth, make specific provisions for gathering the strength of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese (Article 21 of the draft).
(III) On Building a Shared Spiritual Home. Building a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation is the spiritual and cultural foundation for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. Chapter II of the draft law makes specific provisions for this. First, it clarifies the guidance of the core socialist values, guiding people of all ethnic groups to strengthen their "five recognitions" and establish correct "five outlooks" (Draft Articles 11 and 12). Second, it makes specific provisions for enhancing the recognition of Chinese culture and constructing a system of symbols of Chinese civilization (Draft Articles 13 and 14). Third, it clearly stipulates that the state shall comprehensively promote the popularization of the national common language and script, and makes specific provisions for the use of language and script in education and teaching, official affairs, and public places (Draft Article 15). Fourth, it makes specific provisions for the mechanisms and carriers for building a shared spiritual home, such as school education, theoretical research, and publicity and education, so as to comprehensively promote the construction of a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation under new historical conditions (Draft Articles 16 to 20). Fifth, it makes specific provisions for uniting the strengths of Hong Kong (香港), Macao (澳门), Taiwan (台湾), and overseas Chinese (华侨) (Draft Article 21).
(IV) On Promoting Exchanges, Interactions, and Integration. Exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups are an inevitable trend of social development. Chapter III of the draft law makes specific provisions for the social conditions and requirements for promoting exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups. First, it stipulates the promotion of the construction of mutually embedded community environments, and the improvement of social conditions for people of all ethnic groups to live, study, build, share, work, and enjoy together (Draft Article 22). Second, in accordance with the latest spirit of the Party Central Committee (党中央) and the development of ethnic work practices, it improves the policy measures for ethnic work in cities, stipulates convenience measures and safeguard measures, and orderly promotes the flow and integration of the population of all ethnic groups (Draft Articles 23 to 25). Third, it makes specific provisions for promoting exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups through education, culture, sports, tourism, the internet, and other means (Draft Articles 26 to 31).
(V) On Promoting Common Prosperity and Development. Chapter IV of the draft law mainly focuses on the goal of fully realizing the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups, and makes relevant provisions. First, it stipulates the overall requirements for promoting high-quality development in ethnic areas and promoting coordinated regional development, clarifies that the state supports ethnic areas in comprehensively deepening reform and opening up, comprehensively integrating into the national development strategy, improving the regional integrated development mechanism and differentiated regional support policies, and improving the assistance and cooperation mechanism. At the same time, it clarifies that the overall requirement of "giving three meanings" should be implemented when formulating and implementing plans, programs, policies and measures (Draft Articles 32 to 34). Second, it makes specific provisions for infrastructure construction, industrial development, public service construction, natural resource protection and ecological civilization construction, border security and border consolidation, and changing customs and habits, so as to promote all ethnic groups to jointly move towards socialist modernization (Draft Articles 35 to 40).
(VI) On Guarantees and Supervision. Chapter V of the draft law, "Guarantees and Supervision," incorporates the new era's Party's ethnic work pattern, the institutional mechanisms for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting ethnic unity and progress, guarantee measures, and supervision mechanisms into law. First, it clarifies the new era's Party's ethnic work pattern of unified leadership by the Party Committee (党委), administration by the government in accordance with the law, coordination led by the United Front Work Department (统战部门), performance of duties by the ethnic work departments, cooperation among all departments, and joint participation of the whole society (Draft Article 41). Second, it clarifies the responsibilities and requirements of relevant subjects such as state organs and public officials, people's congresses at all levels, mass organizations, enterprises, public institutions and social organizations, religious groups, grassroots mass autonomous organizations, and the military in forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the Chinese nation community (Draft Articles 42 to 48). Third, it stipulates cadre talent and financial guarantee measures (Draft Articles 49 and 50). Fourth, it stipulates guarantee measures and supervision mechanisms in social governance mechanisms, risk prevention and disposal, resolution of contradictions and disputes, social supervision, and procuratorial supervision (Draft Articles 51 to 54). Fifth, it stipulates the creation and commendation of ethnic unity and progress, and establishes the fourth week of September each year as the Ethnic Unity and Progress Publicity Week (Draft Articles 55 and 56).
(VII) On Legal Liability. Chapter VI of the draft law adheres to the equal emphasis on guidance and constraint, and sets legal liabilities for situations in which relevant subjects damage or undermine ethnic unity and progress. It clarifies that organizations, planners, and implementers of violent terrorist activities, ethnic separatist activities, or religious extremist activities shall be held criminally liable in accordance with the law if their actions constitute a crime. In addition, it also stipulates the extraterritorial application of the law (Draft Articles 57 to 63).
(VIII) Supplementary Provisions. This mainly stipulates the date of implementation of the law (Draft Article 64).
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopOn behalf of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress (NPC), Li Hongzhong (李鸿忠), Vice Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, delivered an explanation on the "Law of the People's Republic of China on National Development Planning (Draft)" to the Fourth Session of the 14th NPC on March 5. The summary of the explanation is as follows:
I. Necessity and Great Significance of Formulating the National Development Planning Law
Using medium- and long-term plans to guide economic and social development is an important way for our Party to govern the country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has attached great importance to national development planning. The 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed to improve the macroeconomic governance system and give play to the strategic guidance role of national development planning. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed to improve the national economic and social development planning system and strengthen the planning connection and implementation mechanism. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed to strengthen the strategic guidance role of national development planning and strengthen the monitoring, evaluation, and supervision of planning implementation.
The National Development Planning Law is a basic law based on the Constitution that regulates the formulation of national development plans and guarantees their implementation. The CPC Central Committee has put forward clear requirements for accelerating the introduction of the National Development Planning Law and strengthening the legal guarantee for planning preparation and implementation. To thoroughly implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and implement the major decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee, it is necessary to carefully summarize the successful experience of national development planning over a long period, formulate the National Development Planning Law, clarify the guiding ideology and principles that should be adhered to in national development planning, and make comprehensive and systematic provisions on the specific procedures for the preparation, review, and approval, implementation, and supervision of national development plans, so as to provide a strong institutional guarantee for the scientific preparation and effective implementation of national development plans on the track of the rule of law.
(I) Formulating the National Development Planning Law is an Inevitable Requirement for Better Giving Play to the Advantages of the Socialist System with Chinese Characteristics
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out that the formulation and implementation of five-year plans is an important experience for our Party in governing the country and an important political advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, which is conducive to realizing the Party's leadership, concentrating efforts to accomplish great things, proactively grasping strategic issues, and maintaining the continuity of the cause. Since 1953, especially since the reform and opening up, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, China has successively formulated and implemented 14 five-year plans (programs), which have powerfully promoted economic and social development, improved people's lives, and enhanced comprehensive national strength, creating two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability that are rare in the world, demonstrating unique political advantages, institutional advantages, and governance advantages. From the first five-year plan for the development of the national economy to the present, each one has been formulated, implemented, and completed under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and a mature and well-established approach has been formed. The formulation of the National Development Planning Law is of great significance for strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee over national development planning, better giving play to our Party's political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, and better transforming the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics into development advantages.
(II) Formulating the National Development Planning Law is an Important Measure to Practice Whole-Process People's Democracy in National Development Planning
Since the new era, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has comprehensively developed whole-process people's democracy, unified strengthening top-level design with adhering to asking the people for advice in planning work, promoting democracy, opening up to solicit opinions, and pooling wisdom; strengthening research, demonstration, and consultation, and widely gathering consensus and wisdom from all parties; emphasizing that the people's yearning for a better life is our goal, and the people's confidence and support is the strength of our country's progress, and fully mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the people. In terms of planning work, a set of effective working mechanisms for absorbing public opinion and gathering public wisdom has been formed. The formulation of the National Development Planning Law is conducive to implementing the major concept of whole-process people's democracy in planning work, enriching and expanding the forms and channels of democratic participation, and better reflecting that development is for the people, development relies on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people.
(III) Formulating the National Development Planning Law is a Realistic Need to Adhere to, Improve, and Operate the People's Congress System Well
The national economic and social development plan (planning) is an important system stipulated in China's Constitution and is closely related to the people's congress system and the work of the people's congress. From the first Constitution of New China to the current Constitution, there are important provisions on the national economic and social development plan (planning). In accordance with the Constitution and relevant laws, the NPC exercises the power to review and approve the national economic and social development plan (planning), the Standing Committee of the NPC exercises the power to review and approve the adjustment plan of the plan (planning) and supervise the implementation of the plan (planning), the State Council exercises the power to prepare and implement the plan (planning), and the local people's congresses and their standing committees at all levels and the people's governments at all levels exercise relevant powers within their respective administrative regions. The formulation of the National Development Planning Law is conducive to implementing Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important thought on upholding and improving the people's congress system in planning work, improving the level of legalization of national development planning, and ensuring that the Party's propositions become the will of the state through legal procedures.
(IV) Formulating the National Development Planning Law is an Intrinsic Requirement for Better Giving Play to the Strategic Guidance Role of National Development Planning
The 20th National Congress of the CPC established the central task of comprehensively building a strong socialist modern country, realizing the second centenary goal, and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical period for laying the foundation and fully exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization. To turn the grand blueprint into reality, we must adhere to the principle of the whole country acting as one under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, better give play to the strategic guidance role of national development planning; adhere to drawing the blueprint to the end, and one term after another, 咬定青山不放松 (yǎo dìng qīng shān bù fàng sōng - "bite the green hills and not relax," to remain steadfast and determined); improve the connection and coordination mechanism and work coordination mechanism between various levels and types of plans and national development planning, and form a national planning system with accurate positioning, clear boundaries, complementary functions, and unified connection. The formulation of the National Development Planning Law provides a strong legal guarantee for better giving play to the strategic guidance role of national development planning, which is conducive to improving the overall effectiveness of the national planning system and improving the macroeconomic governance system under the new situation.
II. Guiding Ideology, Important Principles, and Working Process of Legislation
The formulation of the National Development Planning Law must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guide, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, adhere to the people-centered approach, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, summarize the successful experience of national development planning over a long period, especially since the new era, base on the Constitution, establish the successful experience and beneficial practices formed over the years as legal and institutional norms, focus on improving the legalization level of the preparation, review, approval, implementation, and supervision of national development planning, better give play to the strategic guidance role of national development planning, and better give play to the advantages of the national system and governance effectiveness.
The formulation of the National Development Planning Law follows the following principles: First, adhere to the overall leadership of the Party, especially the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, ensure the correct political direction of national development planning, and implement the Party's line, principles, policies, and the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee through national development planning. Second, adhere to the principle of planning legality, base on the Constitution, implement the provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution, ensure the comprehensive and effective implementation of the relevant provisions of the Constitution through the National Development Planning Law, and at the same time, do a good job in institutional connection with the National People's Congress Organization Law and Rules of Procedure, Supervision Law, and other laws. Third, adhere to the practice-oriented approach, proceed from reality, determine the successful experience and beneficial practices formed over the years in legal form, and strive to solve the practical problems encountered in planning work. Fourth, adhere to overall coordination, clarify the leading position of national development planning in the national planning system, and at the same time, leave institutional space for the formulation and implementation of other plans, and enhance the systematicness and coordination of the planning system.
The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core attaches great importance to the legislative work of the National Development Planning Law. In December 2025, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) presided over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to listen to and deliberate on and in principle agree to the request of the Party Group of the NPC Standing Committee on issues and work related to the draft National Development Planning Law, providing guidance and compliance for the legislative work of the National Development Planning Law.
The "Legislative Plan of the 14th NPC Standing Committee" and the "Legislative Work Plan of the NPC Standing Committee for 2025" clearly proposed the formulation of the National Development Planning Law. In accordance with the legislative work arrangements, the relevant departments of the State Council carried out solid research and demonstration work, widely solicited opinions from relevant departments of the central government and local people's governments, and on this basis, drafted the draft National Development Planning Law. In March 2025, the State Council submitted the draft National Development Planning Law to the NPC Standing Committee for deliberation.
In April and September 2025, the 15th and 17th meetings of the 14th NPC Standing Committee successively deliberated on the draft National Development Planning Law twice. The members of the Standing Committee generally believed that the draft implemented the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee, implemented and followed the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important exposition on development strategy and planning, implemented and followed the relevant provisions, principles, and spirit of the Constitution, and transformed the successful experience and beneficial practices formed over the years into legal systems, which is conducive to promoting national development planning-related work on the track of the rule of law, promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and comprehensively building a strong socialist modern country. After the meeting, the Constitution and Law Committee of the NPC and the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee solicited opinions from various localities, departments, and experts and scholars through various means, and twice published the full text of the draft on the China National People's Congress website to solicit public opinions. According to the deliberation opinions of the members of the NPC Standing Committee and the opinions of all parties, the draft was revised and improved, mainly by appropriately adjusting the structure of the draft in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, enriching the relevant responsibilities and work of the NPC and its Standing Committee and relevant special committees in national development planning, and improving the guiding ideology of planning, the planning system, and the provisions on mutual relations.
After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, in-depth study and understanding and implementation of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech and the spirit of the plenary session, according to the deliberation opinions of the members of the NPC Standing Committee and the opinions of all parties, the draft National Development Planning Law was further revised and improved. In December 2025, the 19th meeting of the 14th NPC Standing Committee conducted a third deliberation on the draft National Development Planning Law and decided to submit it to the Fourth Session of the 14th NPC for deliberation. After the meeting, the draft was distributed to NPC deputies to solicit opinions, organized and deployed NPC deputies to study and discuss, and once again solicited public opinions.
On January 30, 2026, the Constitution and Law Committee of the NPC held a meeting to make some revisions to the draft based on the deliberation opinions of the members of the NPC Standing Committee, the opinions put forward in the study and discussion of the deputies, and the opinions of all parties. The Constitution and Law Committee believes that after three deliberations by the NPC Standing Committee, wide solicitation of opinions, and revisions and improvements, the draft National Development Planning Law has fully absorbed the opinions and suggestions of all parties and is relatively mature. Accordingly, the "Law of the People's Republic of China on National Development Planning (Draft)" was formed and submitted to this meeting for deliberation.
III. Main Contents of the Draft National Development Planning Law
The draft National Development Planning Law is divided into 6 chapters, namely, General Provisions, Preparation of National Development Planning, Review and Approval of National Development Planning, Implementation of National Development Planning, Supervision of Implementation of National Development Planning, and Supplementary Provisions, with a total of 38 articles. The main contents are as follows:
(I) General Provisions
Chapter I "General Provisions" of the draft mainly stipulates the legislative purpose and scope of application, and clarifies the guiding ideology, important principles, and basic requirements of national development planning. First, it stipulates the concept of national development planning and the scope of application of this Law, and clarifies that national development planning refers to the five-year plan outline for national economic and social development of the People's Republic of China, including the long-term goals proposed as needed (Article 2 of the draft). Second, it clarifies that national development planning adheres to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, adheres to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guide, and makes provisions on the principles and requirements for the formulation and implementation of national development planning (Articles 3, 5, and 6 of the draft). Third, it clarifies the important position and role of national development planning in comprehensively building a strong socialist modern country, and stipulates that national development planning is the general guideline for other levels and types of planning and has a leading function in the national planning system (Article 4 of the draft).
(II) Preparation of National Development Planning
Chapter II "Preparation of National Development Planning" of the draft mainly stipulates the main contents of national development planning, the main principles, work requirements, and related procedures that should be followed in the preparation of national development planning. First, it summarizes the mature practices formed in the long-term practice and clarifies that the national development plan is organized and prepared by the State Council according to the suggestions and decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee; the specific preparation work is undertaken by the national development planning department of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments of the state (Article 7 of the draft). Second, it clarifies that the national development plan should include the main contents such as development environment analysis, guiding principles, main goals and indicators, major strategic tasks, major policy measures, major engineering projects, and guarantees for the implementation of the plan (Article 8 of the draft). Third, it clarifies the principles that should be followed in the preparation of national development planning and the factors that should be taken into account in a coordinated manner, and makes provisions on carrying out preliminary research, improving the public participation mechanism, improving the expert consultation and demonstration system, and innovating compilation methods (Articles 9 to 14 of the draft). Fourth, it clarifies the procedural requirements for submitting the draft national development plan to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for deliberation (Article 15 of the draft).
(III) Review and Approval of National Development Planning
According to the Constitution and relevant laws, and summarizing practical experience, Chapter III "Review and Approval of National Development Planning" of the draft mainly stipulates the procedures for the NPC to review and approve the national development plan, and the NPC Standing Committee to review and approve the adjustment plan of the national development plan. First, it clarifies that after the draft national development plan is submitted to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for deliberation, the State Council shall submit it to the National People's Congress for review and approval in accordance with legal procedures (Article 16 of the draft). Second, it makes provisions on the NPC Standing Committee organizing and carrying out special investigations and research, and the NPC Financial and Economic Committee conducting preliminary reviews (Articles 17 and 18 of the draft). Third, it clarifies the specific procedures for reviewing and approving the national development plan during the NPC meeting (Article 19 of the draft). Fourth, it clarifies that the NPC Standing Committee reviews and approves the adjustment plan of the national development plan, and makes provisions on the promulgation procedures of the national development plan and its adjustment plan (Articles 20 and 21 of the draft).
(IV) Implementation of National Development Planning
In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the national development plan, Chapter IV "Implementation of National Development Planning" of the draft mainly stipulates the effective support and coordinated guarantee system for the national economic and social development annual plan, other levels and types of planning, and various policy measures for the national development plan. First, it clarifies that the national development plan is organized and implemented by the State Council, the national development planning department of the State Council, in conjunction with the relevant departments of the state, formulates the implementation opinions of the national development plan, and each region and department clarifies specific work arrangements and promotion measures (Article 22 of the draft). Second, it stipulates that the national economic and social development annual plan and other levels and types of planning should be connected and coordinated with the national development plan, enhance the consistency of macroeconomic policy orientation, and formulate measures such as formulating policies and allocating resources to serve and guarantee the implementation of the national development plan (Articles 23 to 27 of the draft). Third, it clarifies the dynamic monitoring and evaluation system for the implementation of the national development plan (Article 28 of the draft).
(V) Supervision of the Implementation of National Development Planning
A sound supervision mechanism is an important guarantee for the effective implementation of national development plans. According to relevant laws and regulations and years of practical experience, Chapter V of the draft, "Supervision of the Implementation of National Development Plans," mainly stipulates the supervisory responsibilities of the National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) and its Standing Committee (常务委员会) for the implementation of national development plans, as well as the supervisory responsibilities of other relevant departments. First, it clarifies that the National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) and its Standing Committee (常务委员会) shall supervise the implementation of national development plans, and the Financial and Economic Committee (财政经济委员会) of the National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) and relevant special committees shall undertake the specific work of supervision (Article 29 of the draft). Second, it clarifies the mid-term evaluation and summary evaluation system for the implementation of national development plans, and stipulates relevant procedural requirements (Articles 30 to 32 of the draft). Third, it clarifies that supervisory organs and auditing organs shall, within their respective responsibilities, supervise the implementation of national development plans in accordance with the law (Article 33 of the draft). Fourth, it clarifies that the implementation of national development plans shall serve as an important reference for measuring the performance of duties by various regions and departments in accordance with the law (Article 34 of the draft).
(VI) Supplementary Provisions
Chapter VI of the draft, "Supplementary Provisions," mainly stipulates the relevant requirements for local development planning work and the state's support for Hong Kong (香港) and Macau (澳门) to proactively connect with national development plans. First, it clarifies the relevant requirements for provincial-level development plans to be submitted to the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展和改革委员会) of the State Council (国务院) for connection and filing; clarifies that local development plans at or above the county level shall be connected with the development plans of higher levels, adhere to adapting to local conditions, and highlight local characteristics; and clarifies that the preparation and other procedures of local development plans at or above the county level shall be implemented with reference to the relevant provisions of this law (Article 36 of the draft). Second, it clarifies that the state adheres to the principle of "One Country, Two Systems" ("一国两制"), supports the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (香港特别行政区) and the Macau Special Administrative Region (澳门特别行政区) to proactively connect with national development plans, and integrate into and serve the overall national development (Article 37 of the draft).
(Xinhua News Agency (新华社), Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopEntrusted by the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission submitted the "Report on the Implementation of the 2025 National Economic and Social Development Plan and the Draft 2026 National Economic and Social Development Plan" to the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) for review on March 5. The abstract is as follows:
I. Implementation of the 2025 National Economic and Social Development Plan
2025 was an extraordinary year. Faced with the complex and severe situation of rare external shocks and domestic dilemmas intertwined, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, all regions and departments adhered to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implemented the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, thoroughly implemented the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, earnestly implemented the "Government Work Report" approved by the Third Session of the 14th National People's Congress and the 2025 National Economic and Social Development Plan, implemented more proactive and effective macroeconomic policies, carried out economic and trade struggles in a reasonable, forceful, and effective manner, and focused on stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations. China's economy moved forward against pressure and developed towards new and better directions. The main goals and tasks of economic and social development for the whole year were successfully completed, the "14th Five-Year Plan" came to a successful conclusion, and Chinese-style modernization took new and solid steps.
The overall economic and social development of the year showed four prominent characteristics: First, the economy had strong resilience. The total economic volume reached 140.19 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.0%. Under external shocks, the total value of imports and exports of goods increased by 3.8%, and the export value of high-tech products increased by 13.2%. The capital market stabilized and rebounded, and trading was active. The Shanghai Composite Index and the ChiNext Index rose by 18.4% and 49.6% respectively during the year. Second, there were many innovative breakthroughs. Research and application of artificial intelligence, biomedicine, robotics, quantum technology, etc. were at the forefront of the world, and independent research and development of chips achieved new breakthroughs. The actual investment in research and development (R&D) in the whole society increased by 9.1%, the intensity of investment reached 2.8%, and the number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 people reached 16. China entered the top ten in the Global Innovation Index for the first time. Third, people's livelihood was substantially guaranteed. The urgent and difficult problems of the masses were further resolved, with 12.67 million new urban jobs added, residents' income growth synchronized with economic growth, the policy of exempting preschool education fees for one year benefited 14 million children, and the childcare subsidy system benefited more than 30 million infants and young children. Fourth, the security foundation was solid. The security guarantee capabilities of food, energy resources, and industrial and supply chains were enhanced, and positive progress was made in resolving risks in key areas.
From the perspective of work effectiveness, it is mainly reflected in the following ten aspects.
(1) Macroeconomic policies are more proactive and effective, and the economy is generally stable and progressing steadily. First, the policy "combination punch" has synergistic effects. A number of measures were launched in a timely manner to stabilize employment, stabilize the economy, and promote high-quality development. 1.3 trillion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds were issued, 4.4 trillion yuan of new local government special bonds were added, 735 billion yuan of central budgetary investment was arranged, and new types of policy-based financial instruments were used to supplement the capital of key projects. The weighted average interest rate of newly issued corporate loans nationwide for the whole year decreased by 41 basis points compared with the previous year. At the end of the year, the balance of broad money supply (M2) and the stock of aggregate social financing increased by 8.5% and 8.3% respectively. Second, the construction of "two major projects" continued to advance. 800 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds were arranged to support 1,459 major projects. A supporting mechanism for ultra-long-term loans was established. Efforts were stepped up to promote "soft construction" supporting measures such as planning preparation, policy formulation, and institutional innovation. Third, the policy of large-scale equipment renewal and trade-in of consumer goods was intensified and expanded. Implementation rules for equipment renewal in 17 fields and implementation plans for trade-in of consumer goods in 8 fields were introduced. The scale of funds supporting large-scale equipment renewal was increased to 200 billion yuan, driving investment in related projects to exceed 1 trillion yuan. The scale of funds supporting trade-in of consumer goods was increased to 300 billion yuan, driving sales of related commodities to exceed 2.6 trillion yuan. Fourth, policy coordination and expectation guidance were strong and effective. Consistency assessment of policy documents was carried out efficiently. Publicity and interpretation of the economic situation and major policies were strengthened.
(2) Domestic demand potential continues to be released, and the basic role of the domestic market is more solid. First, the consumer market has expanded and upgraded with many highlights. A special action to boost consumption was implemented, and the total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 3.7%. Sales of new energy vehicles increased by 28.2%. Service retail sales increased by 5.5%. Exploring the establishment of a spring and autumn break system for primary and secondary schools. Actively expanding inbound consumption. Second, investment to make up for shortcomings, adjust the structure, and increase efficiency has been intensified. Various types of funds were used in a coordinated manner to support the construction of key projects. Promoting the smooth realization of the planning goals and tasks of the 102 major projects in the "14th Five-Year Plan", and starting the construction of landmark projects such as the Yaxia Hydropower Station. Policies and measures were introduced to further promote the development of private investment, and more than 5,400 projects were rolled out to private capital. Third, the modern circulation system is more complete. The action to effectively reduce social logistics costs was implemented in depth, and the ratio of total social logistics costs to gross domestic product in 2025 fell below 14% for the first time.
(3) Major strides have been made in achieving self-reliance in science and technology, and the construction of a modern industrial system has continued to advance. First, the effectiveness of the national innovation system has been continuously improved. A number of major science and technology projects have been organized and implemented. 44 national major science and technology infrastructure facilities have been built and put into operation, promoting the production of a number of landmark achievements such as the "world's first 3.0T superconducting magnetic resonance imaging equipment." Second, the pace of upgrading key industries has accelerated. Policies and measures have been introduced to resolve structural contradictions in key industries and promote quality improvement and upgrading. The comprehensive rectification of "involution-style" competition has achieved remarkable results, and the profits of manufacturing enterprises above designated size have increased by 5.0%. Third, new driving forces such as emerging industries are booming. The export volume and export value of integrated circuits increased by 17.4% and 27.4% respectively. The output of industrial robots increased by 28.0%. The number of approved innovative drugs increased to 76. The number of registered drones with real names increased by 56.6%. The Hainan Commercial Space Launch Site has initially formed a normalized launch capability. The National Venture Capital Guidance Fund has been launched. Fourth, the digital economy and artificial intelligence are accelerating empowerment. The national integrated computing power network is accelerating construction. Digital industrial clusters are being cultivated in a tiered manner. The independent ecosystem of artificial intelligence is accelerating cultivation, and open source models are leading the world. Opinions on implementing the "Artificial Intelligence+" action in depth have been introduced.
(4) Landmark reform measures have been accelerated, and a high-standard market system has been further improved. First, the construction of a unified national market has been advanced in depth. Implementation guidelines for the construction of a unified national market have been implemented. In-depth clean-up and rectification actions have been carried out to remove market access barriers. Local investment promotion practices have been continuously standardized. Opinions on improving the social credit system have been introduced. A unified national electricity market system has been initially established. Second, the vitality of various ownership economies has been continuously stimulated. The guiding system for optimizing the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy has been improved. Efforts have been made to promulgate and implement the Private Economy Promotion Law. The "Regulations on Payment of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Funds" have been revised. Third, the business environment has been optimized and improved. Actions have been taken to improve the business environment. Efforts have been made to improve the legal system for bidding and tendering. A long-term regulatory mechanism for enterprise-related charges has been established and improved. Fourth, new breakthroughs have been made in reforms in key areas. Pilot projects for comprehensive reform of market-based allocation of factors have been carried out. The "1+6" reform measures such as setting up a science and technology growth layer have been launched on the Science and Technology Innovation Board. A policy mechanism for registration, authorized operation, and price formation of public data resources has been established. Efforts have been made to promote all new energy online electricity to enter the electricity market, and the online electricity price is fully formed by the market.
(5) High-level opening to the outside world has continued to expand, and development space has been continuously expanded. First, high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" has achieved new results. The value of trade in goods with countries jointly building the "Belt and Road" reached 23.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.3%. The China-Europe Railway Express stably operated 20,000 trains throughout the year, an increase of 3.2%, and the China-Central Asia Railway Express operated 14,000 trains. Breakthroughs have been made in landmark projects such as the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway and the Simandou Iron Ore Project. Second, import and export trade and two-way investment have been stable and improved. Exports of mechanical and electrical products increased by 8.9%, accounting for more than 60% for the first time. Service exports increased by 14.2%. The expansion of opening up of the service industry was promoted in an orderly manner, and a number of measures were implemented to encourage foreign-invested enterprises to reinvest in China. Foreign direct investment was 104.7 billion US dollars, and overseas direct investment was 145.7 billion US dollars. Third, independent opening up was promoted in an orderly manner. 100% tariff-free treatment was given to products from the least developed countries that have diplomatic relations with China. Unilateral visa-free or comprehensive mutual visa-free treatment was implemented for 77 countries, and 240-hour transit visa-free treatment was implemented for 55 countries. 30.08 million foreigners entered the country visa-free, an increase of 49.5%. Fourth, international economic and trade cooperation has continued to deepen. The multilateral trading system has been firmly safeguarded, and comprehensive and in-depth participation in the reform of the World Trade Organization has been carried out. A total of 24 free trade agreements have been signed with 31 countries and regions.
(6) Comprehensive rural revitalization has been promoted in an orderly manner, and the construction of new urbanization has been deepened. First, the supply guarantee capacity of grain and other important agricultural products has been steadily improved. A new round of action to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion jin has been implemented in depth, and grain output reached a new high for the whole year. Vigorous efforts have been made to promote the revitalization of the seed industry. Facility agriculture has been updated and transformed, and innovation has been used to strengthen the regulation and control of the market for important agricultural products and agricultural materials. Second, the achievements in poverty alleviation have been continuously consolidated and expanded. Efforts have been stepped up to implement work-for-relief programs, absorbing more than 4 million people to find employment locally and nearby throughout the year. Third, the level of rural construction and governance has been continuously improved. The five-year action to improve the rural living environment has been steadily promoted. Infrastructure conditions such as water, roads, electricity, gas, and communications in rural areas have been greatly improved. Rural reforms have continued to deepen. Fourth, the construction of new urbanization has been steadily promoted. Pilot projects for new urbanization have been carried out, and the urbanization rate of the permanent resident population at the end of 2025 was 67.9%. 27,000 old urban communities have been newly started to be renovated.
(7) Coordinated regional development has been deepened and implemented, and the regional economic layout has been further optimized. First, the coordination of regional development has been continuously enhanced. The leading and driving role of the three major power source regions has been consolidated and enhanced. The development balance of the four major regions has been steadily enhanced. The construction of the Yangtze River (长江) and Yellow River (黄河) green development belts has been deepened. The Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港) officially launched the island-wide customs closure operation, and the proportion of "zero tariff" commodity tariff items increased from 21% to 74%. The construction of a maritime power has been deepened and implemented, and the total marine output value for the whole year was about 11 trillion yuan. The construction plan for the Chengdu-Chongqing (成渝) dual-city economic circle has been successfully completed. The old revolutionary base areas have accelerated revitalization and development. Old industrial cities have accelerated transformation. Resource-based areas have actively explored transformation and development. People's livelihood guarantees such as education, medical care, and employment in ethnic minority areas have continued to improve. Second, regional linkage development has been increasingly deepened. The construction of large cross-regional and cross-basin channels has been deepened. The integration of science, technology, and industry in key regions has been accelerated. The joint construction and sharing of public service facilities such as medical care and education between regions has been accelerated. Inter-provincial adjacent areas have deepened pragmatic cooperation.
(8) The urgent and difficult problems of the masses have been intensified and resolved, and people's livelihood guarantees have been more effective. First, the employment-first policy has been implemented in depth. The average surveyed urban unemployment rate for the whole year was 5.2%. Efforts have been made to promote the expansion of job potential. 11 million people have participated in government-subsidized vocational skills training. Second, the public service system has been further improved. The national basic public service projects have basically achieved unified urban and rural standards and institutional integration. Free preschool education has been gradually implemented. The construction of ordinary high schools has been strengthened with a focus on areas with large population inflows, and the expansion of high-quality undergraduate education has been steadily promoted. Medical and health infrastructure projects have been implemented. The construction of a public health prevention and control and treatment system has been strengthened. The high-quality development of inclusive elderly care services has been promoted. The development of inclusive childcare services has been promoted as a whole with cities as units. Third, the level of social security has been continuously improved. The minimum standard for basic old-age pensions for urban and rural residents nationwide has been increased by 20 yuan per person per month. The average per capita financial subsidy standard for urban and rural residents' medical insurance has been increased by 30 yuan. Direct settlement of cross-provincial medical treatment benefited 308 million people throughout the year. A total of 1.21 million sets (rooms) of affordable housing for sale, guaranteed rental housing, and public rental housing have been built and raised. Fourth, cultural undertakings and cultural industries have flourished. The integration of culture and tourism has been deepened, and the number of domestic tourist trips and tourist spending increased by 16.2% and 9.5% respectively throughout the year.
(9) The comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development has accelerated, and the construction of ecological civilization has achieved remarkable results. First, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality have been actively and steadily promoted. The dual control system of total carbon emissions and intensity has been improved. The construction of the first batch of national zero-carbon parks has been carried out. Renewable energy installed capacity accounted for 60.1% of the country's total power installed capacity, and the increase in power generation exceeded the increase in total social electricity consumption for the first time. The installed scale of new energy storage reached 136 million kilowatts. Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP decreased by 5.0%, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption in total energy consumption was 21.7%. Second, pollution prevention and ecological protection and restoration have been continuously strengthened. The average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities at or above the prefecture level nationwide decreased by 4.4%, the proportion of surface water reaching or better than Class III water quality was 91.4%, and the source control action for soil pollution was implemented in depth. The three landmark battles of the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Project (三北) have been fully launched. 127 million mu of land has been afforested. Third, the implementation of the comprehensive conservation strategy has achieved remarkable results. The special action for energy conservation and carbon reduction in key areas has been implemented in depth, and energy consumption per unit of GDP has decreased by 5.1%. Water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP decreased by about 4%. The reduction of food loss in the whole chain and the anti-waste in the catering industry have been strengthened. The comprehensive utilization rate of bulk solid waste exceeded 60%.
(10) Risk prevention and resolution have been steadily promoted, and the safety bottom line has been further consolidated. First, the foundation for safe development has been further consolidated. The implementation plan for gradually building permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland has been introduced. The inter-provincial horizontal benefit compensation mechanism for grain production and marketing areas has been launched. The reform of the grain purchase and sale and reserve management system and mechanism has been deepened. The construction of an energy production, supply, storage, and marketing system has been strengthened. The task of ensuring energy and electricity supply during the peak summer season has been successfully completed, and the people have been effectively guaranteed to spend the winter warmly. The construction of domestic key mines has been promoted, and overseas mineral resource development cooperation has been deepened. The rules for data circulation security governance have been improved. Second, positive progress has been made in resolving risks in key areas. The resolution of local government debt risks has been steadily promoted, and more than 82% of financing platforms have achieved withdrawal. The "guaranteed delivery of housing" task has been fully completed. The reform and risk resolution of small and medium-sized financial institutions has been promoted, and the number of high-risk institutions has decreased significantly. Third, public safety has been effectively guaranteed. Efforts have been made to ensure the supply and stabilize the prices of important commodities for people's livelihood. Disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief work has been effectively carried out. The whole-process supervision of safety production has been strengthened. Fourth, national defense mobilization and national defense construction have been steadily promoted. Military-local coordination in the field of national defense mobilization has been strengthened. In accordance with the requirements of national defense in economic construction, the construction of major projects and the sharing of resource elements have been strengthened in a coordinated manner.
2025 is the closing year of the "14th Five-Year Plan". Over the past five years, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has united and led the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to overcome difficulties and forge ahead, withstand the severe impact of the century-old epidemic, effectively respond to a series of major risks and challenges, and successfully complete the main goals and tasks of the "14th Five-Year Plan". Economic and social development has achieved a series of major achievements with pioneering, breakthrough, and landmark significance.
The fundamental reason for these achievements lies in the leadership and guidance of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and in the unity and struggle of the whole Party, the whole army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country. In this process, the National People's Congress (全国人大) has exercised correct supervision, effective supervision, and legal supervision. Deputies to the National People's Congress (全国人大代表) have participated in the exercise of state power in accordance with the law and put forward many good opinions and suggestions on economic and social development. The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (全国政协) has strengthened political consultation, democratic supervision, and participation in the administration of state affairs. Members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (全国政协委员) have actively offered suggestions and played an important role in promoting the implementation of the Party Central Committee's major decisions and deployments.
II. Overall Requirements, Main Goals, and Policy Orientations for Economic and Social Development in 2026
(1) Overall Requirements.
Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, guided by Xi Jinping (习近平)'s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, we must thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, earnestly implement the deployments of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and the Central Economic Work Conference, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, focus on promoting high-quality development, adhere to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, coordinate the domestic and international situations, better coordinate development and security, implement more proactive and effective macro policies, enhance the foresight, pertinence, and coordination of policies, continuously expand domestic demand and optimize supply, improve increments and revitalize stocks, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, promote the construction of a unified national market in depth, continuously prevent and resolve risks in key areas, focus on stabilizing employment, stabilizing enterprises, stabilizing the market, and stabilizing expectations, promote the effective improvement of quality and the reasonable growth of quantity in the economy, maintain social harmony and stability, and achieve a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
(II) Main expected goals.
——The gross domestic product (GDP) will grow by 4.5%-5%, and we will strive for better results in actual work.
——The surveyed urban unemployment rate nationwide will be around 5.5%, and more than 12 million new urban jobs will be added.
——The increase in the consumer price index will be around 2%.
——The growth of residents' income will be synchronized with economic growth.
——The balance of payments will be basically balanced, and foreign trade import and export will be promoted to stabilize and improve quality.
——Grain output will be around 1.4 trillion catties.
——Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by about 3.8%.
(III) Main macro policy orientations.
Adhere to seeking progress while maintaining stability, improving quality and increasing efficiency, giving play to the integrated effect of existing and incremental policies, increasing the intensity of counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustments, and effectively improving the effectiveness of macroeconomic governance.
Continue to implement a more proactive fiscal policy. The deficit rate is planned to be arranged at about 4%, with a deficit scale of 5.89 trillion yuan, an increase of 230 billion yuan over the previous year. It is planned to issue 1.3 trillion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to continuously support the construction of "two major projects" and "two new initiatives." It is planned to issue 300 billion yuan of special treasury bonds to support state-owned large commercial banks in replenishing capital. It is planned to arrange 4.4 trillion yuan of special bonds for local governments, improve the negative list management and "self-examination and self-issuance" pilot projects for special bond projects, increase the proportion used for project construction and list them separately, and focus on the construction of major projects, replacement of implicit debts, and digestion of government arrears. Fiscal expenditure will continue to maintain a considerable scale, continue to optimize the expenditure structure, pay more attention to supporting boosting consumption, investing in people, and ensuring people's livelihood, and improve the efficiency of the use of fiscal funds. Enhance local autonomous financial resources and overall planning capabilities, and ensure the bottom line of "three guarantees" at the grassroots level. Establish and improve the mechanism for increasing revenue and reducing expenditure, actively revitalize and utilize existing resources and assets, strictly enforce financial and economic discipline, and resolutely implement the requirements of living a tight life.
Continue to implement a moderately loose monetary policy. Promoting stable economic growth and a reasonable rebound in prices should be regarded as an important consideration for monetary policy. Flexible and efficient use of various policy tools such as RRR cuts and interest rate cuts should be used to maintain ample liquidity, so that the growth of social financing scale and money supply matches the expected goals of economic growth and the overall price level. Optimize and innovate structural monetary policy tools, appropriately increase the scale, and improve the implementation methods. Smooth the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, give full play to the role of intangible assets such as data elements and intellectual property rights, strengthen support measures such as assessment and evaluation, financing guarantees, and risk compensation, and guide financial institutions to increase support for key areas such as expanding domestic demand, technological innovation, and small and medium-sized enterprises. Regulate the business behavior of the credit market, reduce intermediate financing costs, and promote the low-level operation of comprehensive social financing costs. Maintain the basic stability of the RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level.
Strengthen the coordination of reform measures and macro policies. Use reform methods to clear the blockages in the economic cycle and transform policy effects into endogenous economic growth momentum. Enhance the consistency and effectiveness of macro policy orientations, incorporate various economic and non-economic policies, existing and incremental policies into the consistency assessment of macro policy orientations, so that various policies and measures work in the same direction and form a joint force. Strengthen the coordination of fiscal, financial, employment, and industrial policies, deeply explore the combination points of policies, innovate implementation tools, and continuously amplify the "combination punch" effect. Improve the expectation management mechanism and boost social confidence.
III. Main Tasks of the National Economic and Social Development Plan for 2026
In 2026, it is necessary to earnestly implement the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference and the deployment of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference ("Two Sessions") and focus on doing a good job in ten aspects.
(I) Adhere to the strategic base point of expanding domestic demand and build a strong domestic market. First, promote sustained consumption growth. Deeply implement special actions to boost consumption. Formulate and implement plans to increase the income of urban and rural residents. Establish a special fund of 100 billion yuan for fiscal and financial coordination to promote domestic demand, and use a combination of loan interest subsidies, financing guarantees, and risk compensation to support the expansion of domestic demand. Expand the supply of high-quality consumption and deeply implement actions to improve the quality of service consumption and benefit the people. Clean up unreasonable restrictions in the field of consumption. Improve the level of convenience and internationalization of inbound consumption. Second, fully tap and release the potential of effective investment. Periodically increase the proportion of support for "two major projects" and some areas of central budget investment by category. Optimize the use management of special bonds for local governments and give preference to areas with sufficient investment project preparation, high investment efficiency, and good fund use efficiency. Improve the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in the construction of major projects. Third, promote the construction of "two major projects" with high quality. Arrange 800 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support the construction of "two major projects." Issue the entire project list as soon as possible and promote the implementation of "soft construction" measures simultaneously. Fourth, optimize the implementation of "two new initiatives" policies. Arrange 200 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support large-scale equipment updates and increase support for equipment updates for small and medium-sized enterprises. Arrange 250 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support the replacement of old consumer goods with new ones and increase the "subsidy rate" of key consumer goods.
(II) Accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system and step up efforts to cultivate and strengthen new driving forces. First, continue to promote the quality and upgrading of key industries. Implement a new round of high-quality development actions for key manufacturing industry chains, carry out actions to improve quality, reduce costs, and reduce carbon emissions in key industries, and newly deploy a number of major technological transformation and upgrading projects. Promote the digital and intelligent transformation of manufacturing. Strengthen capacity governance in key industries and take comprehensive measures to rectify "involution" competition. Second, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries and future industries. Implement industrial innovation projects and build emerging pillar industries. Promote breakthroughs in key core technologies for integrated circuits and industrial mother machines across the entire chain. Promote the tackling of basic software and industrial software. Improve the low-altitude economy industry and innovation ecosystem. Support the development of the innovative drug industry. Establish a mechanism for increasing investment and sharing risks in future industries. Implement special actions to stimulate industrial innovation vitality. Give play to the industry benchmark role of the National Venture Capital Guidance Fund. Third, implement actions to expand and improve the quality of the service industry. Convene a national service industry conference. Promote the integration and open sharing of common technology platforms and pilot test base resources, and develop professional and market-oriented high-level third-party inspection, testing, and quality certification institutions. Fourth, deeply promote the construction of Digital China. Deeply implement the "Artificial Intelligence +" action and build a national artificial intelligence application pilot test base with high quality. Support the construction of artificial intelligence open source communities. Issue policies to build a national integrated data market. Implement data empowerment projects.
(III) Accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and seize the commanding heights of scientific and technological development. First, strengthen original innovation and key core technology research. Give full play to the advantages of the new national system, promote the tackling of key core technologies in key areas across the entire chain, and organize and implement major science and technology projects well. Coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces. Second, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Build Beijing (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei), Shanghai (Yangtze River Delta), and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area international science and technology innovation centers. Support leading technology enterprises to lead the formation of innovation consortia and increase the proportion of enterprises undertaking major national science and technology projects. Innovate science and technology financial services. Third, promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Formulate and implement a plan to promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Promote the reform of universities by category and launch a new round of "Double First-Class" construction.
(IV) Deepen economic system reform and enhance the driving force and vitality of high-quality development. First, accelerate the removal of blockages hindering the construction of a unified national market. Formulate regulations on the construction of a unified national market and a plan of action to promote the construction of a unified national market in depth. Issue a list of encouragement and prohibition items for local governments to attract investment and standardize tax incentives and financial subsidy policies. Second, fully stimulate the vitality of various business entities. Further deepen the reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises and steadily promote the optimization and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy. Promote the improvement of supporting laws and regulations for the Private Economy Promotion Law. Third, continue to optimize the business environment. Expand the application scope of artificial intelligence technology in the field of bidding and tendering. Make greater efforts to solve the problem of arrears to enterprises. Promote the realization of "efficient handling of one matter" in more fields and on a larger scale. Standardize credit grading and classification supervision. Fourth, accelerate the promotion of reforms in key areas. Expand the pilot project of factor market-oriented reform. Coordinate and promote the "access environment optimization + scenario cultivation and opening + factor innovation allocation" trinity reform. Improve the local tax system. Continue to deepen the comprehensive reform of investment and financing in the capital market. Deepen the market-oriented reform of on-grid electricity prices. Expand the new model of multi-user direct green electricity connection. Steadily deepen the price reform of public utilities and public services.
(V) Further expand high-level opening to the outside world and promote multi-field cooperation and win-win results. First, promote the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road" initiative. Coordinate the promotion of major landmark projects and "small but beautiful" livelihood projects. Second, continue to stabilize foreign trade development. Deeply promote the integration of trade and investment and the integration of domestic and foreign trade. Continue to open up diversified markets and promote the expansion and upgrading of the cross-border e-commerce plus overseas warehouse model. Actively expand imports and promote balanced trade development. Further expand the underwriting scale and coverage of export credit insurance. Third, expand the space for two-way investment. Fully implement national treatment for foreign-funded enterprises. Promote the implementation of a number of landmark major foreign-funded projects, promote the reinvestment of foreign capital in China, and expand local production. Strengthen the review and supervision of overseas investment and further improve the overseas comprehensive service system. Fourth, actively expand autonomous opening up. Steadily promote the pilot projects of opening up in the fields of value-added telecommunications, biotechnology, and wholly foreign-owned hospitals, and orderly expand the opening up in the digital field. Deepen the comprehensive pilot demonstration of expanding the opening up of the service industry.
(VI) Coordinate the promotion of new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization and promote integrated urban-rural development. First, deeply promote the construction of new urbanization. Scientifically and orderly promote the citizenization of agricultural transfer population and issue policies and measures to provide basic public services in the place of permanent residence. Promote urbanization construction with counties as important carriers by category. Second, improve the comprehensive production capacity and quality and efficiency of agriculture. Increase efforts to implement a new round of action to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion catties. Deeply implement actions to increase the yield per unit area of grain and oil crops. Build a diversified food supply system. Comprehensively carry out the second round of pilot projects in the whole province to extend the land contract for another 30 years after the expiration of the first round. Third, promote the construction of livable, business-friendly, and beautiful villages. Deeply learn from and apply the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" Project ("千村示范、万村整治"工程), promote rural revitalization in a classified and orderly manner and in a regionalized manner, and reasonably make up for the shortcomings of modern rural living conditions. Strengthen the county's industry to enrich the people. Deeply implement the construction project of civilized rural customs. Implement normalized and precise assistance and adhere to the bottom line of preventing large-scale return to poverty. Increase support for construction projects that substitute work for relief.
(VII) Deeply promote coordinated regional development and optimize the regional economic layout. First, deepen the implementation of regional strategies. Promote the formation of a closer coordinated development pattern in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Coordinate and strengthen the global resource allocation capacity of the Yangtze River Delta region. Promote the market integration construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Increase efforts to promote the implementation of the three-year action plan for the Yangtze River's major protection. Systematically promote the upstream water source conservation, midstream soil and water conservation, and downstream wetland protection and ecological management of the Yellow River Basin. Solidly promote the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port and accelerate the reform and opening up in key areas such as trade and investment. Support major economic provinces to better release their advantages and potential. Second, deeply promote coordinated regional development. Strengthen the coordinated and linked development of key urban agglomerations such as the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and promote the efficient collaboration of regional innovation chains and industrial chains. Build high-quality cross-regional industrial collaboration platforms such as national-level new areas and coastal industrial parks. Third, strengthen marine development, utilization, and protection. Strengthen the overall planning of major bays and promote the coordinated development of the three marine economic circles in the north, east, and south. Strengthen and optimize the marine industry and improve the independent innovation capability of marine science and technology.
(VIII) Do more practical things for the people and guarantee and improve people's livelihood with greater efforts. First, promote residents' employment through multiple channels. Implement actions to stabilize jobs, expand capacity, and improve quality and continue to promote the tapping and expansion of job potential in key areas. Improve the employment support and public service system. Continue to implement large-scale vocational skills improvement training actions. Second, build a high-quality and balanced public service system. Steadily promote the equalization of basic public services. Optimize the allocation of preschool and compulsory education resources and increase the supply of general high school places and the enrollment of high-quality university undergraduates. Promote the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources and the balanced regional layout. Introduce incremental policies to promote the high-quality development of the silver economy. Promote long-term care insurance. Promote the construction of an inclusive elderly care and childcare service system. Support the construction of social welfare facilities. Third, improve the multi-level social security system. Further expand the coverage of social insurance and improve the policy of transferring and continuing social security relations. The minimum monthly standard for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents will be increased by another 20 yuan. The per capita financial subsidy standard for urban and rural residents' medical insurance will be increased by 24 yuan. Improve the hierarchical and classified social assistance system. Fourth, better meet the people's spiritual and cultural needs. Carry out mass cultural activities extensively. Promote the high-quality development of the cultural industry and the tourism industry.
(IX) Deeply promote energy conservation and carbon reduction and accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. First, actively and steadily promote carbon peaking. Comprehensively implement the dual control system of carbon emissions, solidly carry out the "15th Five-Year Plan" carbon peaking action, and establish a minimum target system for renewable energy consumption. Resolutely curb the blind development of high-energy-consuming and high-emission projects. Deeply promote energy conservation and carbon reduction transformation in key industries. Formulate an outline for the construction of an energy power, and accelerate the construction of a new energy system. Promote the construction of zero-carbon parks and zero-carbon factories. Second, continue to deeply promote pollution prevention and control and ecological system optimization. Deeply fight the blue sky, clear water, and pure land defense battles, implement comprehensive solid waste management actions, and strengthen the management of new pollutants. Coordinate the promotion of major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems and implement the integration and optimization of nature reserves. Third, accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyle. Carry out comprehensive conservation strategic actions and continue to promote the integrated conservation of "energy, water, grain, land, minerals, and materials." Develop a circular economy and improve garbage classification and resource utilization. Establish a national low-carbon transition fund.
(X) Strengthen the construction of security capabilities in key areas and further consolidate the security barrier. First, consolidate the security foundation in key areas. Promote the construction of high-standard farmland by zone and category. Deeply implement the inter-provincial horizontal benefit compensation mechanism for grain production and marketing areas. Enhance the resilience of the energy production, supply, storage, and marketing system. Do a good job in ensuring energy supply during peak summer and winter seasons. Strengthen the exploration, development, and storage of strategic mineral resources and steadily improve the level of overseas mineral resource development cooperation and return transportation. Improve the level of independent control of the entire industrial chain in key areas. Promote the efficient, convenient, and secure cross-border flow of data. Second, steadily and orderly resolve risks in key areas. Focus on stabilizing the real estate market, controlling increments, destocking, and optimizing supply according to the city. Actively and orderly resolve the debt risks of local governments and resolutely curb the illegal addition of hidden debts. Actively and steadily resolve risks in the financial field and orderly promote the disposal of high-risk institutions. Third, improve public safety guarantee capabilities. Do a good job in ensuring the supply and price stability of important livelihood commodities such as grain, oil, meat, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables. Improve the ability to prevent and reduce disasters and provide disaster relief and handle major emergencies. Comprehensively complete the three-year action plan for fundamental safety production governance. Fourth, improve national defense mobilization capabilities and national defense construction levels. Improve the sharing mechanism of military and local resources and elements and promote the organic integration of regional economic development layout and military construction layout. Strengthen the construction of national defense industrial capabilities.
(10) Strengthen security capacity building in key areas and further consolidate the security barrier. First, consolidate the security foundation in key areas. Promote the construction of high-standard farmland by zone and category. Deepen the inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation mechanism in grain producing and marketing areas. Enhance the resilience of the energy production, supply, storage and marketing system. Do a good job in ensuring energy supply during peak summer and winter seasons. Strengthen the exploration, development and reserves of strategic mineral resources, and steadily improve overseas mineral resources development cooperation and return transportation levels. Enhance the level of independent control of the entire industrial chain in key areas. Promote the efficient, convenient, and secure cross-border flow of data. Second, steadily and orderly resolve risks in key areas. Focus on stabilizing the real estate market, implementing policies tailored to each city to control increases, reduce inventory, and optimize supply. Actively and orderly resolve local government debt risks, and resolutely curb illegal new implicit debt. Actively and prudently resolve risks in the financial sector, and orderly promote the disposal of high-risk institutions. Third, enhance public safety保障能力 (bǎo zhàng néng lì - "guarantee ability," capacity to ensure safety). Do a good job in ensuring the supply and stable prices of important livelihood commodities such as grain, oil, meat, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables. Improve the ability to prevent and reduce disasters and provide disaster relief, as well as the ability to handle major emergencies. Comprehensively complete the three-year action plan for fundamentally addressing safety production issues. Fourth, improve national defense mobilization capabilities and the level of national defense construction. Improve the sharing mechanism of military and local resources and elements, and promote the organic integration of regional economic development layout and military construction layout. Strengthen national defense industry capacity building.
Unswervingly implement the principles of "One Country, Two Systems," "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong," "Macao people governing Macao," and a high degree of autonomy, implement the principle of "patriots governing Hong Kong" ("爱国者治港") and "patriots governing Macao" ("爱国者治澳"), enhance the effectiveness of Hong Kong and Macao's governance in accordance with the law, and promote the economic and social development of Hong Kong and Macao. Adhere to the One China principle and the "1992 Consensus" ("九二共识"), resolutely crack down on "Taiwan independence" ("台独") separatist forces, promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, and advance the great cause of national reunification.
We must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Plenary Sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, earnestly implement the deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session, profoundly understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments," enhance the "Four Consciousnesses," strengthen the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Safeguards," resolutely implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, consciously accept the supervision of the National People's Congress, work together with one heart and mind, forge ahead, strive to achieve the annual economic and social development goals and tasks, ensure a good start for the "15th Five-Year Plan," and make new and greater contributions to comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京), March 5)
Return to TopIndustry is the "backbone" of the economy, and lubricating oil is the "blood" of industry. As the only lubricating oil brand under China National Petroleum Corporation (中国石油), Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) has had the mission of "ensuring the smooth flow of the national industrial bloodline" engraved in its genes since it refined the first drop of lubricating oil in New China in 1950. Over the past seven decades, from the "power heart" of ultra-high voltage power transmission to the "China speed" of high-speed trains, from the "steel backbone" of construction machinery to the "everyday life" of the common people, Kunlun Lubricant has adhered to the principle of "one drop of oil" to ensure the stable operation of major national equipment, help improve people's well-being, and leave a solid footprint on the road of high-quality development.
Protecting the "Power Heart": Ultra-High Voltage Converter Transformer Oil Achieves Independent Control
Ultra-high voltage power transmission is known as the "crown" of the world's power technology, and transformers are the "pearls on the crown." China's evaluation system for ultra-high voltage converter transformer oil has long been blank, becoming one of the bottlenecks restricting technological development.
Faced with this problem, the Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) R&D team started from scratch and independently built an internationally leading evaluation system for ultra-high voltage converter transformer oil in 2013, filling the technical gap in this field. Relying on this system, the team worked day and night and successfully upgraded the independently controllable ultra-high voltage converter transformer oil in 2015.
After the technological breakthrough, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) continued to promote its application and accelerated the creation of its brand's core competitiveness. Today, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) has been serving ultra-high voltage power transmission and transformation projects for more than 30 years without any failures, and has been deeply involved in the field of ultra-high voltage power transmission for more than 15 years. Its transformer oil is fully applied to 45 ultra-high voltage power transmission projects, including the Changji-Guquan (昌吉—古泉) ±1100 kV ultra-high voltage DC power transmission project with the world's highest voltage level, with a domestic market share of over 95%, protecting the "power heart" with excellent performance. With its contribution in the field of transformer oil, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) and its partners won the first prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award.
Escorting "China Speed": Products Widely Used in the Transportation Field
Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) has continuously innovated in the field of high-speed rail gearbox lubricating oil. Its independent innovation achievement "Preparation Technology and Industrial Application of Gear Oil Extreme Pressure Anti-Wear Additives and Composites" won the second prize of the National Technology Invention Award in 2009, which is the first National Technology Invention Award in the field of Chinese lubricating oil. In 2012, China launched the development of China's standard EMU with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour. The Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) team boldly explored and developed a new "comprehensive lubrication protection technology under ultra-high-speed conditions." In a year and a half, they synthesized more than 100 kinds of compounds and finally screened out suitable additives to develop a gearbox lubricating oil for high-speed trains with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour, which is suitable for gear bearings at 5590 rpm, and successfully solved the problem that lubricating oil cannot be compatible in the two working conditions of high speed and high load in the vehicle transmission system and drive system.
In 2017, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) gearbox lubricating oil was officially applied to the Fuxing (复兴) EMU, becoming the first high-speed EMU gearbox lubricating oil in China with completely independent intellectual property rights and reaching the world's advanced level. From the small ideas in the laboratory to the stable operation of railway lines, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) escorts "China Speed" with independent innovation.
Climbing has no end. In October 2025, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) gearbox lubricating oil passed the CR450 EMU bench test and can meet the lubrication needs of high-speed trains with a speed of 400 kilometers per hour. From 350 kilometers per hour to 400 kilometers per hour, from China's standard EMU with completely independent intellectual property rights to the next generation of high-speed trains, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) is accumulating kinetic energy for China's high-speed trains to move towards a faster future with continuous innovation.
In the commercial vehicle field, on July 18, 2025, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) No. 001 diesel engine oil "Tianwei D1 (天威D1)" was awarded the first D1 standard certification certificate, marking a milestone breakthrough in the independent development of China's lubricating oil industry, and the world lubricating oil industry ushered in the "China Standard." The D1 standard was jointly formulated by the China Internal Combustion Engine Society (中国内燃机学会), 13 main engine factories, and 23 lubricating oil companies, with a total investment of nearly 200 million yuan and 60,000 hours of bench tests.
In order to create diesel engine oils suitable for different working conditions, the Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) R&D team collected tens of millions of kilometers of driving data and conducted thousands of experiments from Mohe (漠河), Heilongjiang (黑龙江) at minus 40 degrees Celsius to Turpan (吐鲁番), Xinjiang (新疆) at over 40 degrees Celsius, and then to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) with an average altitude of over 4,000 meters. Taking oxidation resistance as an example, in order to greatly extend the oil change cycle, the team spent more than 3 years increasing the purity of antioxidants from 98% to 99.5%. As for the crucial dispersant, more than 30 kinds of compounds were evaluated, and more than 1,000 synthesis tests and more than 80 bench tests were carried out, and a major breakthrough was finally achieved after 10 years of hard work.
In the passenger car field, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) closely follows the pulse of the times and launches the KR9 series of new lubricating oils based on the SQ/GF-7 standard. Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) not only solves the industry problem of "environmental protection-performance-cost," but also breaks through traditional restrictions with GF-7 "zero ash metal detergent" technology, accurately controls the sulfated ash content below 0.9%, eliminates the blockage hidden danger of GPF (gasoline particle filter) in China VI models, and escorts green travel for car owners.
Supporting the "Steel Backbone": Construction Machinery Lubricating Oil Achieves Iterative Upgrades
Construction machinery often operates under harsh working conditions of high temperature, high pressure, and heavy load, which puts strict requirements on the extreme pressure anti-wear performance and anti-oxidation performance of lubricating oil.
In August 2024, the construction machinery special hydraulic oil plus independently developed by Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) obtained the French Denison HF0 certification. This certification represents the advanced hydraulic oil technology level in the world today, requiring the oil to pass the world's most influential T6H20C dual-pump bench test, and also has anti-wear properties, filterability, and rubber compatibility. In order to realize the localization substitution of high-end hydraulic oil and core additives, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) has overcome the synthesis process of basic ZDDP additives and solved the problems of anti-wear properties and anti-oxidation properties of hydraulic oil under harsh working conditions of high temperature and high pressure, marking a major breakthrough in the field of high-end equipment of Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) hydraulic oil.
In February 2025, China's first ultra-10,000-meter scientific exploration well—Shendi Taco 1 Well (深地塔科1井)—was completed at a depth of 10,910 meters underground, becoming the first in Asia and the second deepest vertical well in the world. In this extreme challenge, the gear oil, hydraulic oil, and grease independently developed by Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) jointly built the "China Depth" with its partners with excellent quality and stable supply in the extreme environment of 220 degrees Celsius ultra-high temperature and 145 MPa ultra-high pressure.
Up to now, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) has successfully replaced 42 imported varieties in the industrial field and 4 in the automotive field, and overcome 25 technical bottlenecks, consolidating the foundation for brand development with scientific and technological self-reliance.
Moistening "A Better Life": Let Scientific and Technological Innovation Benefit Thousands of Households
In addition to escorting major national equipment, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) has always been committed to making scientific and technological innovation truly benefit thousands of households. In the food processing industry, Kunlun (昆仑) food-grade white oil is used in high-temperature and high-speed production lines to ensure stable equipment operation; in the cosmetics field, Kunlun (昆仑) cosmetic-grade white oil is the raw material for lipsticks, skin creams, and essential oils, meeting strict safety standards; in the rubber processing field, Kunlun Lubricant's (昆仑润滑) rubber processing oil is widely used in the manufacturing of shoe materials, sealing materials, rubber and plastic toys, and tires. From industrial production to daily life, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) protects the national economy and people's livelihood with technological innovation, and is committed to making people use it with peace of mind, live comfortably, and serve the people's better life.
Looking to the future, Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑) will continue to deepen technological innovation, improve the product system, and continue to serve the country's major equipment and thousands of industries with independently controllable products. In the magnificent journey of Chinese-style modernization, it will interpret the mission and glory of Chinese brands with practical actions.
Data source: Kunlun Lubricant (昆仑润滑)
The year 2025 marks the conclusion of the "14th Five-Year Plan." Wuxing District (吴兴区), Huzhou (湖州) City, Zhejiang Province (浙江省) has set its sights on its goals, tackling key challenges and breakthroughs, focusing wholeheartedly on development, concentrating on projects, and promoting steady progress and improved quality and efficiency in the district's economic and social development, taking solid steps towards high-quality development.
In the past year, Wuxing District (吴兴区) resolutely shouldered its responsibility as the main urban area of Huzhou (湖州) City, achieving significant accomplishments in economic and social development. The district's gross domestic product (GDP) exceeded 100 billion yuan, with systematic leaps in overall strength, industrial development, urban-rural integration, reform and opening up, and social well-being. The grand goal of becoming a "100 billion strong district" has become a vivid reality, not only delivering a bright report card with tangible development achievements but also laying a solid foundation for high-quality development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.
Tackling Key Challenges: New Tracks Emerge, Projects Generate Wealth
Wuxing District (吴兴区) adheres to attracting investment across the board, with full participation and comprehensive coverage, supported by full-cycle service guarantees, accelerating and improving the efficiency of the entire chain of project attraction, construction, and implementation, injecting strong momentum into economic development, allowing new vitality to continuously emerge in various tracks, and achieving widespread wealth generation from project construction.
The investment promotion system continues to improve, and the effectiveness of investment attraction steadily increases. The Wuxing District (吴兴区) Investment Promotion Center and "Sharp Knife Squad" for investment promotion were newly established, building an efficient and collaborative investment promotion work system. Focusing on five major tracks: manufacturing, scientific and technological talent, cultural tourism industry, agriculture, and service industry, precision efforts were made to carry out stationed investment promotion, scenario-based investment promotion, and investment promotion through existing businesses, resulting in a double improvement in the quality and efficiency of investment attraction. In 2025, 66 new industrial projects with investments of over 100 million yuan were filed, including 35 projects with investments of over 300 million yuan, 7 projects with investments of over 1 billion yuan, and new breakthroughs were achieved in major projects with investments of over 5 billion yuan. A number of major industrial projects were successfully signed and implemented, gathering high-quality resources for industrial development.
Project progress is accelerating in stages, and construction results continue to emerge. Wuxing District (吴兴区) comprehensively promotes the "start construction upon land acquisition" approval model, firmly grasps the "seven lists" for project promotion, and builds a full-cycle management service system for project attraction and implementation, accelerating the implementation of project construction. In 2025, Wuxing District (吴兴区) started construction on 98 new projects with investments of over 100 million yuan, including 44 projects with investments of over 300 million yuan. 23 projects were shortlisted for Zhejiang Province's "Thousand Projects, Trillion Investment" project. The Proya Intelligent Factory, Xihou Elevator, and other projects are accelerating their progress. Leapmotor Auto, Liju Phase IV, and other projects were completed and put into production, with scenes of "completion equals production" being staged one after another.
Gathering Energy: Strengthening Chains and Revitalizing Industries, Industries Reaching New Heights
Wuxing District (吴兴区) adheres to the principle of prioritizing the real economy and focusing on manufacturing, taking the strengthening, supplementing, and extending of industrial chains as the core, continuously gathering energy for industrial development, promoting the renewal and upgrading of traditional industries, the expansion and strengthening of emerging industries, the continuous optimization of the industrial structure, and the steady improvement of development quality and efficiency.
The industrial economy is stable and progressing, and the development level is continuously improving. In 2025, the added value of industries above designated size increased by 8% year-on-year, the total output value of industries above designated size reached 103.7 billion yuan, and the growth rate of the added value of strategic emerging industries and high-tech industries both exceeded 10%, indicating a clear trend of industrial development towards new and superior directions. The "Quality and Efficiency Double High" campaign for small and micro enterprise parks was implemented in depth, with 2 parks being recognized as provincial special incentive pilot parks, building a high-quality platform for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The "Cultivating Large and Strengthening Small" and "Digital-Real Integration" initiatives were steadily promoted, with 2 new national-level specialized and sophisticated "Little Giant" enterprises and 9 advanced-level or above intelligent factories. 1 enterprise was recognized as a national-level manufacturing single champion enterprise, and Jiuli Special Materials was recognized as an excellent-level intelligent factory. Currently, a total of 21 national-level green factories have been recognized, and the core competitiveness of enterprises continues to increase.
The industrial structure continues to optimize, and the effectiveness of integrated development is evident. Wuxing District (吴兴区) adheres to the dual-wheel drive of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, with simultaneous improvement in the gold content and balance of development. The process of new industrialization is accelerating. In 2019, it was selected for the creation and cultivation list of Zhejiang Province's high-quality manufacturing development demonstration counties (cities, districts). By the end of 2025, the total output value of industries above designated size exceeded 100 billion yuan. The modern service industry is thriving, with a number of cultural tourism projects with high recognition and strong experiences becoming popular, successfully forming new consumption hotspots. 10 new policies for cultivating new consumption formats were introduced, and it was recognized as a national county-level commercial leading county and included in the list of provincial-level night economy characteristic cities, with the driving effect of consumption on economic growth becoming increasingly prominent.
Cluster advantages are gradually emerging, and the foundation for development is becoming more solid. Wuxing District (吴兴区) firmly implements the "Industry-Strong District" strategy, taking leading enterprises as the traction, continuously building, extending, and strengthening industrial chains, and promoting the industrial chain to climb towards high-end, intelligent, and green directions. In 2023, the intelligent logistics equipment industry created a national-level characteristic industrial cluster for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the high-end new materials industry was selected as the core area of the provincial-level characteristic industrial cluster. In 2024, the children's clothing industry was included in the provincial-level financial special incentive pilot for digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the industry's recognition and competitiveness continue to increase. Remarkable achievements have been made in the cultivation of enterprise echelons, with a cumulative total of 4 national-level manufacturing single champion enterprises, 23 national-level specialized and sophisticated "Little Giant" enterprises, and 7 Huzhou (湖州) City "Golden Elephant Golden Bull" enterprises. A large number of high-quality enterprises have become "hidden champions" and industry leaders in subdivided fields. From the "towering trees" of major projects to the "shrub forests" of small and medium-sized enterprises, Wuxing District's (吴兴区) industrial ecology is becoming increasingly prosperous, and the resilience and vitality of the industrial chain are constantly enhanced.
Breakthrough: Reform Empowers, Breaking Barriers and Expanding New Horizons
Wuxing District (吴兴区) adheres to activating development momentum through innovation, removing development barriers through reform, and expanding development space through opening up and cooperation, continuously achieving new breakthroughs in reform and innovation, constantly empowering development, breaking the deadlock for transformation, and stimulating market vitality and social creativity.
Innovation-driven development continues to exert force, attracting talent and gathering wisdom to enhance scientific and technological innovation capabilities. Innovation and opening-up momentum is bursting forth. Wuxing District (吴兴区) has solidly carried out Huzhou (湖州) City's "Double Increase and Two Transformations" action for science and technology enterprises. In 2025, 47 new national high-tech enterprises were recognized, and 1 enterprise was selected as the first batch of key cultivation pilot platforms for pilot-scale testing by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The total investment in research and development by the whole society has remained the first in the city for five consecutive years. The science and technology innovation matrix continues to exert force, and major progress has been made in the construction of high-level platforms. The "One Zone, One Valley, One Laboratory" innovation matrix is being comprehensively promoted, and the Sany Heavy Industry (三一重工) Yangtze River Delta Research Institute is accelerating its capacity enhancement. Significant results have been achieved in talent attraction and cultivation. In 2025, 19 new national-level talents were selected, and the province-wide special pilot project for the integration of education, science, and human resources was selected. The innovative model of "cultivating talent through universities, gathering talent through platforms, and retaining talent through services" is becoming increasingly mature.
The deepening of reform and tackling key problems effectively stimulates development vitality. Wuxing District (吴兴区) boldly explores and pioneers trials. In 2025, 13 new national-level reform pilots and 59 provincial-level pilots were added, and 9 reform experiences were promoted nationwide, with the effectiveness of reform pilots continuing to emerge. The systemic reshaping of district-owned state-owned enterprises was promoted, with 2 new enterprises obtaining AAA main credit ratings. A sound working mechanism for investment and post-investment management and risk prevention of state-owned enterprises was established, and key steps were taken in the reform of state-owned enterprises. The "Sensory One Thing" reform of the business environment was comprehensively promoted, and the "Pro-Business Direct Train · Government-Enterprise Symposium" mechanism was continuously deepened. In 2025, the number of business entities exceeded 133,300, and development vitality continued to be released.
Opening up and cooperation continue to deepen, and development space continues to expand. Wuxing District (吴兴区) actively integrates into the overall development of the Yangtze River Delta, with the Shanghai-Suzhou-Huzhou High-speed Railway (沪苏湖高铁) and the Huzhou-Hangzhou Expressway (湖杭高速) being completed and opened to traffic, and the Huzhou East Railway Station (高铁湖州东站) officially operating, reaching Shanghai (上海) and Hangzhou (杭州) in half an hour. The overseas expansion of characteristic industrial clusters was promoted, with enterprises organized to participate in more than 120 overseas exhibitions, 52 foreign trade entities cultivated, the "Zhili Children's Clothing" (织里童装) brand entering Bangkok (曼谷), Thailand (泰国), and the Russian overseas warehouse being put into operation, continuously improving the level of development of the open economy.
2026 is the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan." Standing at a new historical starting point, Wuxing District (吴兴区) will anchor the overall goal of "Taihu Blessed Land, Qingyuan Wuxing" (太湖福地、清远吴兴), firmly implement the three major strategies of "Industry-Strong District, Innovation-Active District, and Ecology-Superior District" (产业强区、创新活区、生态优区), and with more determined determination, more powerful measures, and a more pragmatic style, create a more vibrant, higher-quality, and happier "100 Billion Wuxing" (千亿吴兴), and strive to write a new chapter in the Wuxing (吴兴) practice of Chinese-style modernization.
Data Source: Publicity Department of the CPC Wuxing District (中共湖州市吴兴区委宣传部) Committee of Huzhou (湖州) City
Return to TopBy: 顾海良
According to the "Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," deliberated and approved by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, the State Council has prepared the "Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China (Draft)," which has been submitted to the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress for review. The "Outline (Draft)" elaborates on the major strategic tasks for the "15th Five-Year Plan" development in various fields, highlighting four aspects, with "promoting high-quality development" being the top priority.
High-quality development is an important original concept and iconic concept of Xi Jinping's (习近平) economic thought. From General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) proposal in the 19th National Congress report that "China's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development," to emphasizing in the 20th National Congress report that "high-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist modern country," and then to pointing out at the Second Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee that "we must unswervingly promote high-quality development," since the new era, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平), with the profound insight, keen judgment, and theoretical creativity of a Marxist politician, thinker, and strategist, has put forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new conclusions on promoting high-quality development, which has continuously deepened our party's understanding of the laws of high-quality development, and provided scientific guidance for continuously expanding the new realm and new pattern of high-quality economic and social development in China, and creating a new atmosphere and new style of systematic integration of high-quality development.
High-quality development is an inevitable requirement of Chinese-style modernization.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "High-quality development is an inevitable requirement of Chinese-style modernization." Promoting high-quality development deepens the theoretical understanding of the laws of China's economic development and transformation in the new era, and is a theoretical innovation and academic sublimation of China's autonomous knowledge system of economics.
From the general provisions of the laws of economic and social development, expanded reproduction is the basic characteristic of socialized mass production and the foundation of economic and social development. In expanded reproduction, the expansion of production sites is an expansion in extension, and the improvement of production efficiency is an expansion in connotation; the former is often regarded as an extensive expanded reproduction dominated by quantitative expansion, while the latter is usually considered an intensive expanded reproduction dominated by qualitative improvement, which is also an expanded reproduction based on the improvement of capital and technology composition. The transition from extensive expanded reproduction to intensive expanded reproduction is a major issue in economic development and transformation, and it is also an essential meaning of promoting high-quality development. Promoting high-quality development is an inherent requirement for grasping the changes in the main social contradictions in China and promoting the sustained and healthy development of the economy and society, and it is also an essential provision for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
Adapting to the changes in the main social contradictions in China is an inevitable requirement for meeting the people's growing needs for a better life and solving the problems of unbalanced and inadequate development. Accurately understanding and grasping the main social contradictions and determining the central tasks are essential to promoting the cause of the Party and the people along the right direction. When the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) made the major judgment that the main social contradiction in China had been transformed, it was at the decisive stage of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and at a critical period when socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era. In resolving the main social contradictions in the new era, whether it is to meet the people's growing needs for a better life or to solve the problems of unbalanced and inadequate development, it fundamentally requires the transformation of economic and social development from an extensive to an intensive mode. When the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee was held in 2020, it was at an important juncture when China was about to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, enter a new stage of development, and move towards new development goals, and it was also a critical moment for planning the "14th Five-Year Plan." A deep understanding of the main social contradictions in China requires not only paying attention to the quantitative growth of economic and social development, but also paying close attention to and solving the qualitative improvement of economic and social development. Under such a development situation, promoting high-quality development will inevitably become the hub for effectively solving the main social contradictions, and become the inherent requirement and essential provision for China's development in the new era.
Comprehensively, accurately, and fully implementing the new development concept is the inevitable result of continuously deepening the exploration of the stage characteristics of China's economic development. The development concept plays a leading role in development practice, and the new development concept is a fundamental solution proposed in response to China's economic development entering a new normal and the sluggish recovery of the world economy. Since the new era, under the guidance of the new development concept, China's national economy and social development have made great progress, which has proved the scientific and truthful nature of the new development concept in practice, and proved that implementing the new development concept is the only way for China to develop and grow in the new era. The new development concept, which requires advocating innovation, emphasizing coordination, advocating green development, promoting openness, and promoting sharing, has made essential provisions for high-quality development with solid practical tests and clear theoretical proofs, making the theme of high-quality development theoretically reliable and practically feasible. In the face of the accelerated evolution of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, examining the characteristics of the key stage of China's economic development transformation, especially in the face of prominent problems such as rising labor costs, tightening resource and environmental constraints, the difficulty of extensive development, and the smooth operation and circulation of the economy, the implementation of the new development concept inevitably requires the construction of a new development pattern, which enhances the theoretical meaning and academic essentials of high-quality development from the overall process dimension of smoothing the economic cycle of production, distribution, circulation, and consumption.
It is an inevitable choice to comprehensively promote the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization. Development is the Party's top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country. Without a solid material and technological foundation, it is impossible to comprehensively build a strong socialist modern country. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) made it clear that achieving high-quality development is one of the essential requirements of Chinese-style modernization. Promoting high-quality development has become the fundamental requirement for clarifying development ideas, formulating economic policies, and implementing macro-control in the current and future periods. To achieve high-quality development, it is necessary to focus on building a modern economic system, which is China's strategic goal and an urgent requirement for transforming the mode of economic development, optimizing the economic structure, and transforming the driving force of economic growth. It is necessary to accelerate the construction of an industrial system with coordinated development of the real economy, technological innovation, modern finance, and human resources, and build an economic system with effective market mechanisms, dynamic micro-entities, and moderate macro-control. Building a modern economic system provides a practical foundation for comprehensively promoting Chinese-style modernization with high-quality development, and Chinese-style modernization expands the basic connotation and essential requirements of a modern economic system. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, China is accelerating the formation of an indicator system, policy system, standard system, statistical system, performance evaluation, and performance assessment for promoting high-quality development, creating and improving the institutional environment, and promoting the continuous achievement of new results in the construction of a modern economic system, making high-quality development increasingly significantly become the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist modern country and the distinct theme of China's economic and social development in the new era.
In the formulation and implementation of the Five-Year Plan in the new era, the connotation of high-quality development has been further enriched and developed.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "Since the new era, the CPC Central Committee has made a series of major decisions and deployments, promoting high-quality development to become the consensus and conscious action of the whole Party and the whole society, and high-quality development has become the main theme." This "main theme" of high-quality development has been continuously deepened in practice since it was proposed, especially in the formulation and implementation of the "13th Five-Year Plan" and "14th Five-Year Plan" and the planning of the "15th Five-Year Plan," it has been continuously deepened theoretically and elevated academically.
When the 18th CPC Central Committee studied the issue of the "13th Five-Year Plan" proposal at its Fifth Plenary Session, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) analyzed the new characteristics of China's economic development under the new normal, and pointed out that China's development during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period "should focus on achieving high-quality, efficient, non-watered, and sustainable growth, and focus on achieving economic growth in transforming the mode of economic development, optimizing the economic structure, improving the ecological environment, and improving the quality and efficiency of development" "The strategic thinking that development is the absolute principle must be unswervingly adhered to, and at the same time, we must adhere to scientific development, increase structural reforms, adhere to improving the quality and efficiency of development as the center, and achieve higher quality, more efficient, fairer, and more sustainable development." Since the reform and opening up, China's economic and social development has made great achievements, but there are also problems such as low quality and efficiency and insufficient traditional development momentum, and it is urgent to accelerate the transformation of the development mode and improve the quality and efficiency of development. In the process of formulating and implementing the "13th Five-Year Plan," we have closely focused on improving the quality and efficiency of development, looking at both speed and increment, and more importantly, quality, and striving to promote economic and social development to achieve quality change, efficiency change, and power change as soon as possible, and grasped the "main theme" of high-quality development in its spiritual essence. Under the guidance of the "13th Five-Year Plan," China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength, and people's living standards have reached a new level, and the comprehensive building of a moderately prosperous society has achieved great historical achievements, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has taken a new big step forward.
When the 19th CPC Central Committee studied the issue of the "14th Five-Year Plan" proposal at its Fifth Plenary Session, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) clarified the essential provisions of high-quality development from the dimension of the new development concept, endowing high-quality development with the profound meaning of innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing, not only pointing out that economic and social development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period "should take promoting high-quality development as the theme, which is a scientific judgment made based on changes in China's development stage, development environment, and development conditions," but also emphasizing that "the development in the new era and new stage must implement the new development concept, and must be high-quality development." This fully shows that the new development concept and high-quality development are internally unified, and high-quality development is the development that makes innovation the primary driving force, coordination an endogenous characteristic, green development a universal form, openness an inevitable path, and sharing a fundamental purpose. In the implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan," our Party has comprehensively, accurately, and fully implemented the new development concept, adhered to quality first and efficiency first, accelerated the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, developed a modern industrial system, and enhanced people's well-being, so that the fruits of development can better benefit all the people; at the same time, in the face of a complex and severe international situation, we have concentrated our efforts on doing our own things well, improving international competitiveness in improving the quality of development, which has not only enhanced the country's comprehensive strength and ability to resist risks, but also achieved stable and long-term economic development and social harmony and stability.
When the 20th CPC Central Committee studied the issue of the "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal at its Fourth Plenary Session, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out that "the 'Suggestions' are consistent with the '14th Five-Year Plan,' and continue to determine the promotion of high-quality development as the theme of economic and social development during the '15th Five-Year Plan' period, requiring adherence to economic construction as the center, and comprehensively, accurately, and fully implementing the new development concept"; at the same time, it further clarified that the most important thing to promote high-quality development "is to accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, actively develop new quality productive forces, and achieve substantial and breakthrough progress in promoting scientific and technological innovation, accelerating the cultivation of new driving forces, and promoting the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure." At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, and whoever can take the lead in achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement will master the initiative of development. The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal highlights the leading role of scientific and technological innovation, and makes deployments for building a modern industrial system, accelerating high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, and accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, proposing to optimize and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries and future industries, and consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy; strengthen original innovation and key core technology research, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, promote the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, and deepen the construction of digital China; accelerate the construction of a new energy system, and accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyle. These specific deployments to promote high-quality development not only provide action guidelines for accelerating the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement, accelerating the development of new quality productive forces, and achieving high-quality development, but also further enrich the connotation and essentials of high-quality development, and achieve a dual sublimation of theory and practice.
Further sublimating and expanding the understanding of the laws of high-quality development in solving the problems of the times.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "Responding to various uncertainties with the certainty of high-quality development" "Focusing on outstanding problems and obvious shortcomings, responding to the demands and expectations of the people, and proposing a series of new major strategies and important measures have an important role in promoting the sustained and healthy development of the economy and society." At present, the world has entered a new period of turbulence and change, the shadow of the Cold War mentality, hegemonism, and protectionism has not dissipated, and new threats and new challenges have increased rather than decreased. It is necessary to grasp the new trends and new requirements for promoting high-quality development in grasping various uncertainties, enrich the connotation of high-quality development, and further sublimate and expand the understanding of the laws of high-quality development.
During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, China's development faces both strategic opportunities and risks and challenges, and the number of uncertain and unpredictable factors has increased. From an international perspective, the world is undergoing accelerated changes, the international balance of power is undergoing profound adjustments, and a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating breakthroughs; at the same time, geopolitical risks continue to rise, unilateralism, hegemonism, and power politics threats are rising, the international economic and trade order is facing severe challenges, and the momentum of world economic growth is insufficient. From a domestic perspective, China's economic foundation is stable, its advantages are numerous, its resilience is strong, and its potential is great. The supporting conditions and basic trends for long-term improvement have not changed. The advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the advantages of a super-large-scale market, the advantages of a complete industrial system, and the advantages of abundant talent resources continue to be demonstrated; at the same time, the problems of unbalanced and inadequate development remain prominent. To promote high-quality development in this context, it is necessary to enhance the ability and ability to recognize, respond to, and seek change, and work together to promote China's high-quality development to show a new atmosphere and create a new pattern.
To enhance the ability and ability to recognize, respond to, and seek change, it is necessary to continuously enhance the ideological consciousness and action consciousness of learning and practicing the Party's innovative theories, be good at using Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping's (习近平) Economic Thought, to analyze various contradictions and problems in China's economic and social development, overcome difficulties with a spirit of historical initiative, fight risks with historical confidence and courage, and meet challenges with historical patience and courage. On this basis, actively grasp the overall process, control key links, continuously deepen the understanding of laws, and solve a series of major theoretical and practical problems facing China's economic and social development. The most important aspects include: how to lead the construction of a modern industrial system with scientific and technological innovation, especially how to use disruptive technologies and cutting-edge technologies to spawn new industries, new models, and new driving forces; how to adhere to the combination of benefiting the people and promoting consumption, investing in things and investing in people, focusing on expanding domestic demand, stimulating potential consumption, expanding effective investment, and forming a virtuous cycle of mutual promotion between consumption and investment; how to deepen reforms in key areas and inject strong impetus into promoting high-quality development and advancing Chinese-style modernization; how to expand high-level opening up and promote the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road"; how to adhere to doing our best and acting according to our capabilities, ensuring and improving people's livelihoods in development, and ensuring the bottom line of people's livelihoods; and so on.
The important deployments made in the "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal on these important issues are new answers to the new characteristics and new changes facing the promotion of high-quality development on the new journey, and sublimate and expand the connotation and extension of the original concept and iconic concept of high-quality development in the rich practice of solving the problems of the times, and further deepen our Party's understanding of the laws of promoting high-quality development.
The "15th Five-Year Plan" recommendations make important deployments regarding these critical issues. These deployments represent new answers to the new characteristics and changes facing high-quality development on the new journey. In the rich practice of solving contemporary problems, they sublimate and expand the connotation and extension of the original and iconic concept of high-quality development, and further deepen our Party's understanding of the laws governing the promotion of high-quality development.
For example, promoting high-quality development requires building a modern industrial system. This is not only conducive to creating a complete and resilient industrial chain and supply chain, firmly grasping industrial security and national security in our own hands, and providing strategic support for China's economy to brave winds and waves and maintain strong resilience and vitality; it is also conducive to accelerating the conversion of old and new driving forces, continuously improving industrial base capabilities, promoting the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, cultivating strategic emerging industries with international competitiveness, and continuously improving the quality and efficiency of China's economic development; it is also conducive to improving economic strength and technological strength, consolidating the material and technological foundation for building a modern socialist country in all respects, and supporting China's per capita gross domestic product to reach the level of moderately developed countries. Therefore, the "15th Five-Year Plan" recommendations place the construction of a modern industrial system as the first of all strategic tasks, proposing to maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing, build a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone, and build a modern infrastructure system, reflecting the Party Central Committee's profound considerations.
For another example, promoting high-quality development must be both "vibrant" and "well-managed." This is conducive to allowing the market's "invisible hand" and the government's "visible hand" to each fulfill their responsibilities, using "vibrancy" to eliminate institutional and mechanism obstacles affecting the development of productive forces, effectively ensuring that economic entities of various ownership systems use factors of production equally in accordance with the law, participate in market competition fairly, and receive equal legal protection, fully stimulating the vitality of various business entities; using "management" to build a credit economy and a rule-of-law economy, focusing on correcting behaviors that disrupt market order and disturb market expectations, and building a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, continuously enhancing the driving force and vitality of high-quality development. The "15th Five-Year Plan" recommendations propose forming an economic order that is both "vibrant" and "well-managed." Compared with the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee's proposal of being both "vibrant" and "controllable," the change of one character reflects our Party's continuous deepening of its understanding of the laws of the socialist market economy, especially the "better role of the government," and emphasizes service optimization and policy coordination, demonstrating the historical consciousness and theoretical confidence in strengthening macroeconomic governance in the new era and on the new journey.
For yet another example, promoting high-quality development must adhere to the close combination of investing in things and investing in people. This is conducive to seizing the important opportunity of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation accelerating and evolving, giving rise to a large number of new investment demands, focusing on the real economy and technological innovation to optimize investment layout and expand effective investment, consolidating the material and technological foundation for economic and social development, and enhancing China's economic risk resistance and development resilience. At the same time, in line with the major trend in recent years of a decline in the rate of return on investment in things in China and a shift in global industrial competition from "capital-intensive" to "talent-intensive," improving the long-term mechanism for investing in people and expanding effective investment covering the entire population and the entire life cycle is conducive to forming a "human capital dividend," promoting the transformation of China's economic growth driving mechanism, and providing a basic and strategic support for high-quality development. The "15th Five-Year Plan" recommendations propose adhering to the close combination of investing in things and investing in people, fully reflecting the improvement and optimization of China's investment concepts, directions, and priorities, which will promote China to win strategic initiative in the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation.
These regular understandings further enrich and develop Xi Jinping's Economic Thought, providing a powerful ideological guide for solidly promoting high-quality economic and social development in China and achieving a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan." Promoting high-quality development is a systematic project, involving all aspects of economic and social development, and must continuously improve systematicness, integrity, and coordination. In accordance with General Secretary Xi Jinping's important requirements on "system integration," on the basis of accurately grasping the major principles that must be followed in economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period and deeply understanding the main goals of economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, we must effectively integrate all forces in the practice of advancing and expanding Chinese-style modernization to form a powerful force for promoting high-quality development.
(The author is the Director of the Academic Committee of the Ministry of Education's Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era Research Center.)
Return to TopBy: 杨文明
The key to governance lies in pragmatism and prioritizing the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "We must continue to reduce the burden on the grassroots so that grassroots cadres can spend more time and energy serving the people." People's energy is limited, and the time and energy of party members and cadres are a valuable asset, both the basic "capital" for starting a business and a scarce "resource." We must continue to reduce the burden on the grassroots, create better conditions for party members and cadres to start businesses, and let party members and cadres truly use their time and energy on the "cutting edge" of implementation and development planning.
Where and how party members and cadres spend their time and energy directly determines the accuracy of policy implementation, the warmth of serving the people, and the speed of promoting development. If a lot of time and energy is spent on the empty work of "implementing meetings with meetings" and "implementing documents with documents," on the "involution" of excessive trace retention and multi-headed reporting, and on the "investigation and research" of accompanying at every level and cursory observation, then the time truly used to plan practical things, solve problems, and promote development will inevitably be squeezed. This is not only a burden on individual party members and cadres, but also a huge waste of public resources, eroding the opportunities for career development and alienating the relationship between the party and the masses.
"Fewer meetings and documents," more practical research and inspection... In recent years, with the continuous reduction of burdens on the grassroots, many party members and cadres have been freed from some unnecessary affairs, but the situation of excessive trace retention and layer-by-layer escalation still exists to varying degrees, which not only squeezes the valuable time for party members and cadres to go deep into the front line and serve the masses, but also invisibly wears down the enterprising spirit of party members and cadres. Therefore, we must take a more resolute attitude and more effective measures to continuously rectify formalism and bureaucracy. The higher level should take the initiative to reduce the burden on the lower level, advocate short meetings, short documents, and short speeches, resolutely merge meetings that can be merged, resolutely streamline materials that can be streamlined, and coordinate and standardize supervision, inspection, and assessment, so as to liberate party members and cadres from unnecessary materials and excessive inspections, and guide party members and cadres to truly use their minds and time to conduct in-depth research on the front line and solve the pain points and difficulties of development.
It is of great significance to the development of the cause of the Party and the country to do everything possible to protect and utilize the valuable wealth of time and energy of party members and cadres. If party members and cadres are still worried about being misunderstood or falsely accused at work, they will inevitably be timid and generate a slack mentality, and they will not be able to use their valuable energy to "gnaw on hard bones." Only by supporting those who do practical work can we encourage responsibility and action. To this end, it is necessary to clarify and clear the names in a timely manner to protect the enthusiasm of party members and cadres to start businesses, and also to investigate and deal with false accusations and framing behaviors in accordance with regulations and laws, and to report and expose them in a timely manner, so that false accusers will pay the price. Further improve the fault tolerance and correction mechanism, guide party members and cadres to consciously abandon the "lying flat" thought and the "Buddhist" mentality, so that those who do practical work can be single-minded, and those who take responsibility have no worries, and encourage everyone to devote their time and energy unreservedly to the practice of tackling key problems and serving the masses.
Assessment is a "baton" and a "weathervane." What to assess and how to assess directly affects where party members and cadres spend their time and energy. True achievements are produced on the road of research with feet on the soil, in the rush to solve the urgent needs and expectations of the masses, and in the tough actions to promote high-quality development. It does not engage in short-sighted "pancakes" or wasteful "image projects," but strives to create practical results that can withstand the test of practice, the people, and history; it does not seek the "attention" of superiors, but the "satisfaction" of the masses. Only by embodying the guidance of the correct view of performance in all aspects of assessment can we guide party members and cadres to use their time and energy in practical ways. It is necessary to continuously improve the assessment and evaluation system, on the one hand, to eliminate the tendency of "GDP only," "materials only," and "trace retention only," so that "digital achievements" and "material achievements" have no market; on the other hand, to give full recognition and encouragement to those who work silently and lay a solid foundation, guide party members and cadres to be down-to-earth and respect the rules, be willing to be "paving stones," and pursue healthy and sustainable development, and never use time and energy on short-sighted and impetuous vanity projects.
Return to TopBy: 杜晓帆 刘邵远
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "We must uphold a sense of awe for history and love for culture, adhere to the principles of prioritizing protection, rational utilization, and minimal intervention, and promote the systematic protection and unified supervision of cultural heritage." The "Suggestions" of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party proposed "promoting the systematic protection and unified supervision and inspection of cultural heritage, and strengthening the effective protection and living inheritance of famous historical and cultural cities, blocks, and villages." The No. 1 Central Document of 2026 proposed "promoting the systematic protection of rural cultural heritage, and strengthening the investigation and protection of rural cultural relics, traditional villages, and intangible cultural heritage." Rural cultural heritage is an important part of China's unique rural resource endowment, with distinct regional attributes and irreproducibility. Promoting the systematic protection of rural cultural heritage is an important part of realizing rural cultural revitalization, which helps to cultivate people with culture, nourish hearts with culture, and promote industries with culture, empowering rural governance, industrial development, and the cultivation of civilized rural customs, and thus promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. We must thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech and the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee, and nourish the vitality of rural culture with the protection of rural cultural heritage, and consolidate the cultural foundation for rural development.
Through systematic protection, we can promote the sustainable inheritance of rural cultural heritage. Carrying out institutionalized, scientific, and dynamic systematic protection of rural cultural heritage can ensure that the core values of cultural heritage are preserved for a long time, providing cultural support for the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. It is necessary to improve the cross-departmental overall coordination mechanism, promote the coordinated connection of policy goals and implementation paths of multiple departments such as cultural relics, housing and urban-rural development, agriculture and rural areas, natural resources, culture and tourism, and avoid 各管一段、各自为政 (gè guǎn yī duàn, gè zì wéi zhèng - "each manages its own section, each does things its own way," each department or individual acts independently without coordination), so as to provide a stable and predictable institutional environment for helping the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside with cultural heritage protection. Focus on enhancing the awareness and ability of grassroots to participate in the protection of rural cultural heritage, and incorporate heritage protection into grassroots daily work. Establish an open and shared rural cultural heritage monitoring and management system, and guide the society to widely participate in the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage. For example, the World Cultural Heritage Honghe Hani Rice Terraces (红河哈尼梯田) in Yunnan (云南) has established a digital monitoring system covering forests, water systems, terraces, and villages, ensuring the safety of the cultural heritage itself and the continuation of ecological value through real-time tracking and dynamic management. On this basis, the Yuanyang (元阳) Management Committee of the Hani Rice Terraces (哈尼梯田) launched the "Guardian Terraces" program, where the public can adopt rice online and view the entire growth cycle of rice in real time, experiencing agricultural culture and harvesting ecological products while participating in heritage monitoring.
Deeply explore the value of rural cultural heritage and refine cultural symbols. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "We must deeply explore, inherit, and innovate excellent traditional rural culture" "Let China's long-standing agricultural civilization show its charm and style in the new era." The ecological connotation, social governance wisdom, and cultural values carried by rural cultural heritage are not only of great significance for demonstrating the uniqueness of the countryside and continuing the vitality of the countryside, but also contain rich industrial value that can be transformed into cultural productivity, and are important cultural resources for empowering the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. We should systematically identify the overall value of rural cultural heritage, fully rely on the construction of characteristic protection areas for traditional villages, and highlight the role of cultural heritage in civilization inheritance, social development, and ecological protection by integrating material and intangible cultural heritage, landscapes, and social elements. Use digital technology to realize the information collection and archiving of rural cultural heritage, conduct classified censuses and archiving of different types of cultural heritage, and form a resource map of excellent traditional rural culture. Systematically refine the modern values embodied in rural cultural heritage, such as ecological concepts and craftsmanship, base on regional endowments and industrial foundations, refine highly recognizable cultural symbols, and create rural cultural brands.
Invigorate the endogenous driving force of rural development with the revitalization and utilization of rural cultural heritage. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "We must organically combine protection and inheritance with development and utilization, combine the excellent heritage of China's agricultural civilization with modern civilization elements, and give it new contemporary connotations." Placing rural cultural heritage in contemporary production and life practices for living protection helps to preserve the rural landscape and historical texture, and transform cultural resources into the driving force for the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside in creative transformation and innovative development. We can guide public services, educational resources, and professional forces to enter the countryside in an orderly manner, and accelerate the cultivation and expansion of rural cultural industries. For example, Huainan Town (槐南镇) in Yongan City (永安市), Fujian Province (福建省) has built a cultural integration and development model of "core scenic spot + intangible heritage learning + characteristic industry + community participation" by introducing financial subsidies, honorary awards and other policies and introducing technical support from universities. Promoting the deep integration of rural cultural heritage with modern agriculture, rural tourism, cultural creativity and other industries, and expanding its application scenarios can realize the dual release of cultural value and economic value. For example, Qingtian County (青田县) in Lishui City (丽水市), Zhejiang Province (浙江省) uses the agricultural cultural heritage Qingtian Rice-Fish Symbiosis System (青田稻鱼共生系统) to create an agricultural cultural heritage park and a demonstration belt of World Heritage agricultural culture and beautiful countryside. In addition, we must focus on subdivided fields and vigorously cultivate rural cultural industry talents; actively study the intergenerational inheritance law of local culture, establish rural cultural heritage community classrooms for rural youth groups; cultivate intangible heritage inheritors and rural cultural industry leaders to achieve mutual promotion of local talent growth and rural cultural industry development.
(Author's unit: Department of Cultural Relics and Museology, Fudan University (复旦大学))
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 熊 捷 向子丰
On the morning of March 5th, the first "Representatives' Corridor" centralized interview activity of the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) was held in the Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂) in Beijing (北京). Six NPC deputies were interviewed by reporters.
Deputy Yang Yongxiu (杨永修)—
The word "craftsman" is not a halo, but a responsibility
Keywords
Craftsman spirit
Yang Yongxiu (杨永修), NPC deputy and chief skills master of China FAW R&D Institute, was the first to walk onto the "Representatives' Corridor." When answering what the "secret code" is for overcoming hundreds of technical difficulties and pursuing ultimate precision, he said with deep feeling: "You have to really like it. I have feelings for these iron lumps. The sense of accomplishment from solving a problem is better than eating anything."
Yang Yongxiu (杨永修) works on the front line of R&D at China FAW. He admitted that he used to be a technical "newbie" who was slow to understand drawings and couldn't operate equipment well. But he was just a little unconvinced and loved to ponder. There are no shortcuts to craftsmanship, you just have to train your hands to develop "memory." "'Craftsman' is not a halo, but a responsibility. We must always think that the precision parts we make represent the level of China's automobile industry, and this motivation is endless," said Yang Yongxiu (杨永修).
Yang Yongxiu (杨永修) still remembers that in 2020, when General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) inspected FAW, he instructed: "We must master key core technologies in our own hands" and "promote national automobile brands." "Now, we can firmly grasp the most precise engines and the most intelligent control systems in our own hands. Seeing our Hongqi (红旗) cars advance with the country and move forward with the times, I feel particularly honored," Yang Yongxiu (杨永修) said excitedly.
Deputy Dong Jin (董进)—
Let trustworthy digital infrastructure have a "Chinese chip"
Keywords
Technological innovation
On the "Representatives' Corridor," Dong Jin (董进), NPC deputy and president of Beijing Microchip Blockchain and Edge Computing Institute, introduced the independent innovation progress of China's blockchain technology.
"We have formed the Microchip Research Institute to focus on solving the underlying core technologies in China's blockchain field," said Deputy Dong Jin (董进). He and his team developed the world's first software-hardware integrated blockchain underlying operating system, and all 3 million lines of source code are open source.
Dong Jin (董进) said that the world's first 96-core blockchain-specific acceleration chip developed by him and his team can improve the performance of blockchain by 50 times. This technological breakthrough overcomes the computing power bottleneck faced by ultra-large-scale blockchain networks, allowing China's trustworthy digital infrastructure to have a "Chinese chip."
In February of this year, when General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) inspected Beijing (北京), he emphasized the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, strengthening the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and vigorously developing new quality productive forces. Dong Jin (董进) said confidently: "Facing the '15th Five-Year Plan,' we will keep General Secretary's instructions firmly in mind, 咬定青山不放松 (yǎo dìng qīng shān bù fàng sōng - "bite the green hills and not relax," remain steadfast in one's goals), closely focus on China's major strategic needs, ensure that the underlying core technologies in China's blockchain field continue to lead, and truly consolidate the 'trustworthy digital Great Wall' that connects the whole country and links the world."
Deputy Gao Derong (高德荣)—
Let's hold our rice bowls more steadily and firmly together
Keywords
Food security
For more than 30 years, Gao Derong (高德荣), NPC deputy and researcher at the Jiangsu Lixiahe Area Agricultural Science Institute, has been dealing with wheat breeding. On the "Representatives' Corridor," he said that it is now the wheat returning green and jointing period, and the seedling situation is complex. "If you sow an inch deeper, you may have fewer tillers. You have to learn the knowledge in this from the land."
"Busy as I am, I actually only do one thing: cultivate high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties for our country," said Gao Derong (高德荣). Jiangsu (江苏) has a lot of rain and high humidity, and is a frequent and severe area for wheat scab. In 2012, he witnessed an old farmer standing by a wheat field that had been completely destroyed by wheat scab, crying. That scene, like a thorn, was deeply stuck in his heart.
In 2021, Gao Derong (高德荣) finally bred a wheat scab-resistant variety. "Variety improvement is always on the road. What we pursue is not only 'eating enough,' but also 'eating well,' and also letting grain growers have a future." Gao Derong (高德荣) said that in southern China, rice and wheat are rotated, and the stubble is tight, so wheat sowing is often forced to be postponed. They proposed a "two-end rapid development" strategy to let wheat learn to "grab time."
Gao Derong (高德荣) said that facing the future, he will continue to cultivate wheat fields, let the land produce more grain, let farmers increase their income, and together hold our rice bowls more steadily and firmly.
Deputy Nong Jiagui (农加贵)—
One teacher, one school, one lifetime
Keywords
Rural education
How did the name "Luosongdi Village (落松地村)" come about? Nong Jiagui (农加贵), NPC deputy and teacher at Luosongdi Primary School (落松地小学) in Liancheng Town (莲城镇), Guangnan County (广南县), Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (文山壮族苗族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), said that Luosongdi Village (落松地村) used to be called "Leprosy Village." Forty years ago, when he was just 20 years old, he came here as a substitute teacher.
The difficulties were more than imagined. The classroom was borrowed from the hospital's clinic, the textbooks were old books found everywhere, and there were no test papers, so the questions were copied on the blackboard. In order for the children to have books to read, the whole village mobilized to build a new school building. "What moved me the most was those disabled and widowed elderly people who didn't even have labor tools at home, but used their own cooking spatulas to kneel on the construction site and mix mortar," said Nong Jiagui (农加贵). The children saw this scene and studied even harder.
Later, Nong Jiagui (农加贵) and the villagers discussed and changed the name of the village to "Luosongdi Village (落松地村)"—the local people call peanuts Luosong (落松), and peanuts have a simple appearance, and the fruits are buried deep underground, silently dedicating themselves.
Over the past 40 years, Nong Jiagui (农加贵) has trained 12 classes of 126 children. These students have all successfully taken up jobs. Knowledge has changed the fate of the children.
"Now, with the care and help of party committees and governments at all levels and all sectors of society, Luosongdi Primary School (落松地小学) has changed from a dilapidated house that leaked wind and rain to today's spacious and bright teaching building," said Nong Jiagui (农加贵). As long as the Party and the people need it, and the villagers need it, he will continue to persevere. "'**一心一意守初心，一师一校一辈子**' (yī xīn yī yì shǒu chū xīn, yī shī yī xiào yī bèi zi - "wholeheartedly guard the original intention, one teacher, one school, one lifetime," to be dedicated to one's original aspiration and stick to one's post for life) is my most solemn promise to the Party and the people!"
Deputy Xu Shixiao (徐诗晓)—
This is our speed, but also China's speed
Keywords
Winning glory for the country
"Maybe many people know that I have won two Olympic championships, but few people know that I have experienced retirement and then comeback." Xu Shixiao (徐诗晓), NPC deputy and athlete of the Jiangxi Provincial Water Sports Management Center (江西省水上运动管理中心), shared her experience on the "Representatives' Corridor."
She became a canoe and kayak athlete at the age of 13, and won her first national championship at the age of 15. However, because the women's canoe event was not officially included in the Olympic program, Xu Shixiao (徐诗晓) retired with regret in 2013. In 2017, the women's canoe event was officially added to the Olympic family. At this time, she was already 25 years old. After a 4-year training "window period," it was not easy to start again, but she resolutely chose to come back.
Xu Shixiao (徐诗晓) desperately raced against time. Only 4 months after her comeback, she won two gold medals at the National Games and was successfully selected for the national team. At this time, Xu Shixiao's (徐诗晓) dream was not only to participate in the Olympic Games, but to stand on the highest podium and win glory for the country. Since the 2019 World Championships, she and her partner have been the first in the women's double canoe 500-meter event as long as they participate. She said: "This is our speed, but also China's speed."
Xu Shixiao (徐诗晓) said that the strength of the motherland has given them confidence. As an athlete representative, she actively performs her duties based on her many years of training experience and proposes to revitalize idle urban spaces and drive the national fitness boom. She hopes that more and more people will join her in sports and reap health and happiness in sports.
Deputy Wang Wenyi (王文毅)—
Every family's happiness and reunion has our protection
Keywords
Strong country and strong army
"I am a fighter pilot from a front-line unit. Flying is my daily routine and my mission." Wang Wenyi (王文毅), NPC deputy and pilot of a certain aviation brigade of the Air Force, said that the brigade he belongs to is a unit with a glorious tradition, and the stories of the predecessors inspire them to conduct actual combat training and prepare for war.
As a J-16 pilot, Wang Wenyi's (王文毅) most sincere feeling is that the tighter the grass-roots units grasp combat readiness training, the stronger their combat capability will be. He recalled the scene of participating in a long-range, long-duration mission: "When the fighter jet accelerated into the air, the farmland and villages under the wings gradually became smaller, and complex situational information in the air rushed towards us. We carried out offense and defense 'back-to-back' with our comrades based on the real-time changing air battlefield situation."
"When the mission ends, night falls, and the fighter jet returns, looking at the myriad of lights in the distance, I feel that every family's happiness and reunion has our protection," said Wang Wenyi (王文毅).
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party outlined a new blueprint for a strong country and a strong army, and the Chinese People's Liberation Army will also usher in the 100th anniversary of its founding next year. In this regard, Wang Wenyi (王文毅) said that the goal is very clear and the responsibility is very heavy: "Under the guidance of Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on strengthening the army, my comrades and I will base ourselves on our own positions, seize every minute to struggle and tackle key problems, be ready to fulfill our mission, and contribute our own practical actions to the realization of the grand blueprint."
Return to TopMei Yi (梅亦), Representative—
Empowering Cultural Relics Protection with Technology
"China has a large number of immovable cultural relics, widely distributed and in complex environments. In recent years, the application of satellite remote sensing technology has highlighted the practical effectiveness of technology empowering cultural relic supervision." Mei Yi (梅亦), Deputy Minister of the Propaganda Department of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee (江西省委宣传部), Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Director of the Department of Culture and Tourism of Jiangxi Province (省文化和旅游厅), said that at the same time, there are also problems such as insufficient monitoring coverage.
Mei Yi (梅亦) said that the large-scale application of satellite remote sensing technology in the monitoring of cultural relic protection nationwide should be accelerated. It is recommended to unify standards and specifications, formulate national unified remote sensing monitoring technical standards, image spot determination standards and work processes; coordinate and promote full coverage, based on the national monitoring system, further extend the scope of satellite remote sensing monitoring; strengthen platform empowerment to support large-scale operation, and promote the realization of "one map" management of cultural relic spatial information and intelligent risk early warning.
(This report was compiled by Yang Yanfei (杨颜菲), reporter of this newspaper)
Ding Shizhong (丁世忠), Member of the CPPCC National Committee—
Continuously Releasing the Potential of Sports Consumption
"The sports industry has great potential to drive the development of related industrial chains and become an important growth pole for expanding domestic demand. However, there are realistic problems such as insufficient effective supply and single consumption scenarios in current sports consumption." Ding Shizhong (丁世忠), Vice Chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (全国工商联), Chairman of the Board of Directors of Anta Group (安踏集团), suggested that at the policy level, improve and innovate sports consumption support policies to encourage consumption willingness; at the industrial level, deepen the cross-industry integration of "sports +" and promote deep synergy between the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain to expand industrial value.
Ding Shizhong (丁世忠) said that it is necessary to further enrich consumption supply to meet diversified needs, especially to promote the deep integration of sports and health management, create new growth points for consumption, continuously release the potential of sports consumption, and promote the high-quality development of "sports +".
(This report was compiled by Yang Hao (杨昊), reporter of this newspaper)
Zhao Zhenxiang (赵振香), Representative—
Building a New Community Service System for the Elderly and Children
"At present, the daily meal and care problems of the 'elderly and young' groups are becoming increasingly prominent. It is recommended to promote the deep integration and coordinated development of property management, housekeeping, elderly care services and community meal assistance, and build a widely covered, convenient, efficient, cost-controllable, and highly trusted new community service system for the 'elderly and young'." Zhao Zhenxiang (赵振香), head of the housekeeping business department of Ruiling Property Company of Lanzhou New District Urban Investment Group (兰州新区城投集团瑞岭物业公司), Gansu Province, said.
Zhao Zhenxiang (赵振香) believes that it is necessary to support model innovation, encourage the exploration of a diversified model of "public welfare + inclusive + commercial", and innovate cost-sharing mechanisms; in response to industry-related issues, promote the integration of industry and education, and cultivate multi-skilled compound talents of "property management + housekeeping"; strengthen technology empowerment, establish a community smart elderly care service platform integrating service reservation, process supervision, evaluation and feedback, and vigorously promote intelligent equipment.
(This report was compiled by Fan Jiayuan (范佳元), reporter of this newspaper)
Return to TopOn December 30, 2025, AIA Insurance Asset Management Co., Ltd. (友邦保险资产管理有限公司) (hereinafter referred to as "AIA Insurance Asset Management") received an opening approval from the Shanghai Regulatory Bureau of the National Financial Regulatory Administration (国家金融监督管理总局上海监管局). On January 28, 2026, AIA Insurance Asset Management officially opened, becoming one of the first wholly foreign-owned insurance asset management companies in Shanghai (上海).
The Central Economic Work Conference (中央经济工作会议) held at the end of 2025 pointed out that "we must adhere to opening up and promote mutually beneficial cooperation in multiple fields," and clarified specific measures such as "deepening the reform of the system and mechanism for promoting foreign investment." The approval of AIA Insurance Asset Management's opening is not only the latest achievement of its parent company, AIA Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (友邦人寿保险有限公司) (hereinafter referred to as "AIA Life"), in actively integrating into China's financial opening-up process, but also a strong proof of AIA Group (友邦保险集团) (hereinafter referred to as "AIA Insurance"), the actual controller of AIA Life, adhering to its commitment to "rooting in its homeland and investing in China."
Adhering to Rooting in the Homeland and Focusing on Investing in People
In 1919, AIA Insurance started in Shanghai (上海) and gradually developed into a multinational financial institution with business covering the Asia-Pacific region. In 1992, AIA Insurance seized the opportunity of reform and opening up and returned to the Chinese mainland market, becoming one of the earliest foreign-funded insurance institutions to obtain a business license for individual life insurance business after China's reform and opening up. As a witness and participant in China's financial opening up, AIA Insurance has actively participated in the development of China's insurance industry for many years and regards "investing in people" as a top priority.
Since returning to the Chinese mainland market in 1992, AIA Insurance has continuously introduced international concepts and management technologies, introduced the insurance marketing system, and cultivated the first batch of actuaries and underwriting professionals in line with international standards, helping the mainland insurance industry unleash its development potential. In 1994, AIA Insurance cooperated with Fudan University (复旦大学) to establish the AIA-Fudan Actuarial Center (友邦—复旦精算中心), providing students with teaching materials and free courses to pass the actuary exam, and extended this model to cooperation with many well-known universities. As of now, AIA Insurance has cumulatively supported more than 3,500 students to participate in actuarial training, continuously delivering a large number of professional talents to the Chinese insurance industry.
Leveraging the Endowment of Insurance Funds to Serve the Real Economy
In 2020, with the acceleration of China's financial opening up, AIA Life was officially established, becoming the first wholly foreign-owned life insurance company in mainland China. Since then, AIA Life has further leveraged the "patient capital" characteristics of insurance funds and continued to increase investment. In January 2023, the AIA Financial Center (友邦金融中心) in Shanghai North Bund (上海北外滩) was officially unveiled, which is the largest asset acquisition made by AIA Life since its establishment; in January 2024, AIA Life completed the acquisition of a controlling stake in an office building project in the Central Business District (CBD) (中央商务区) in Chaoyang District (朝阳区), Beijing (北京市).
The opening of AIA Insurance Asset Management demonstrates AIA Life's firm confidence in the long-term positive trend of the Chinese economy, as well as its strategic determination to continue investing in China and cultivating the Chinese market. In the future, AIA Insurance Asset Management will adhere to the "long-term value investment" strategy, focusing on "return stability, term matching, and diversified layout" to improve the efficiency of capital utilization and build a customer-trusted and market-leading insurance asset management institution. At the same time, it will give full play to the "patient capital" characteristics of insurance funds, accelerate the layout of technology, green, and elderly care fields, and take serving the real economy as an important starting point and foothold for investment, injecting new impetus into the diversified development of China's insurance asset management market.
Doing a Good Job in the "Five Major Articles" of Finance and Promoting High-Quality Development
In recent years, AIA Life has taken doing a good job in the "five major articles" of finance as the main line of work and strived to achieve high-quality development. In the field of pension finance, AIA Life has differentiated its layout of the "light assets + heavy service" model, giving play to the advantages of insurance companies, linking various resources, and providing diversified pension services for the general public. At the same time, it actively responds to the personal pension policy and gives play to the professional quality advantages of its excellent marketing team, taking a leading position in the industry in terms of personal pension promotion; in terms of inclusive finance, it actively explores and expands protection services for specific groups, and launches exclusive critical illness insurance products for sub-standard customers; adhering to the principle of "responsible investment," it has established a full-process ESG investment management mechanism covering pre-investment, mid-investment, and post-investment, and has implemented the concept of "green finance"; in terms of technology finance and digital finance, AIA Life has gradually expanded the application of technology and digitalization in product service innovation, digital platform upgrades, and channel innovation, improving its core capabilities such as digital customer insight, digital marketing, and digital operation, providing an innovative demonstration for the digital transformation practice of the insurance industry.
Through deeply practicing the "five major articles" of finance, AIA Life's high-quality development is showing a good trend. First, it adheres to "insurance is protection" and builds an industry "protection expert." In the first half of 2025, more than 90% of marketing staff sold traditional protection-type product policies. Second, it adheres to the excellent marketing staff strategy and continuously improves the professional level of insurance sales personnel. In recent years, AIA Life has comprehensively upgraded the "Excellent Marketing Staff 3.0 Strategy" and provided all-round development support for marketing staff through a series of measures focusing on new talent development, capacity improvement, and supervisor development. Third, it practices the brand promise of "healthy, long-lasting, and good life" and pays attention to improving customer experience in various business activities. AIA Life's customer net promoter score index and customer easy interaction index have maintained excellent levels for eight consecutive years. Fourth, it always adheres to the bottom line of risk control, has sufficient comprehensive solvency, and has long been at the leading level in the industry.
For more than 30 years since returning to the Chinese mainland market, AIA Life has strived to follow the development path of foreign-funded financial enterprises sharing the same feelings with Chinese families and resonating with the Chinese market. Facing the future, AIA Life will continue to be a fellow traveler and participant in the high-quality development of China's economy and society, and a service provider and guardian of "good life" for Chinese families with professionalism and perseverance.
Data source: AIA Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (友邦人寿保险有限公司)
Return to TopLayout Design: Zhang Danfeng (张丹峰)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 杨笑雨 陈 震
On the morning of March 5th, the first "Minister's Channel" centralized interview of the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress was held in the Great Hall of the People (人民大会堂) in Beijing (北京). Minister of Science and Technology Yin Hejun (阴和俊), Minister of Industry and Information Technology Li Lecheng (李乐成), and Director of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council Zhang Yuzhuo (张玉卓) were interviewed by reporters.
Minister of Science and Technology Yin Hejun (阴和俊) –
Unblocking the Channel from Strong in Science and Technology to Strong in Industry, Strong in Economy, and Strong in Nation
Keywords
Technological Empowerment
Technological empowerment of all walks of life plays an important role in supporting and leading high-quality development and promoting Chinese-style modernization. "China's science and technology undertakings have developed rapidly, its scientific and technological strength has reached a new level, and its innovation index ranking has risen to tenth in the world," said Yin Hejun (阴和俊). In terms of R&D investment, in 2025, the total R&D investment of the whole society exceeded 3.92 trillion yuan, and the intensity reached 2.8%. Among them, the investment in basic research is close to 280 billion yuan.
"The '15th Five-Year Plan' period is a crucial period for accelerating the realization of high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology and building a strong country in science and technology." Yin Hejun (阴和俊) said that he will firmly grasp the goal of building a strong country in science and technology, firmly grasp the historical opportunities of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and continue to make efforts in strengthening original and leading scientific and technological research, leading the development of new quality productive forces with scientific and technological innovation, improving the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, and building a world-class innovation ecosystem.
"We must strengthen the construction of regional innovation systems, especially the original innovation source function, high-end industrial leading function, and top talent gathering function of the three major international science and technology innovation centers in Beijing (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) (北京(京津冀)), Shanghai (Yangtze River Delta) (上海(长三角)), and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区), to build strategic pillars for building a strong country in science and technology," said Yin Hejun (阴和俊).
At present, scientific and technological innovation is continuously injecting new impetus into China's industrial development. Yin Hejun (阴和俊) introduced that at present, the added value of China's "three new" economy accounts for more than 18% of GDP; among the world's top 2,000 industrial R&D investment enterprises, there are 525 Chinese mainland enterprises, accounting for 26.3%.
How to promote the development of industries towards new and better directions? Yin Hejun (阴和俊) said that during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, we will adhere to the principle that scientific and technological innovation should aim at industrial needs and that industrial development should rely closely on scientific and technological innovation, accelerate the formation of a new pattern of integrated planning, deployment, and promotion of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, so as to unblock the channel from strong in science and technology to strong in industry, strong in economy, and strong in nation.
Yin Hejun (阴和俊) said that it is necessary to strengthen the supply of high-quality science and technology, seize the time to deploy and implement a number of national major science and technology projects, and provide stronger scientific and technological support for industrial development. Strengthen the main position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, accelerate the cultivation and expansion of leading science and technology enterprises, and support enterprises to lead the integration of industry, academia, and research innovation. Further promote the efficient transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, and deepen the reform of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Support local areas to take the lead in pilot projects, guide all localities to base themselves on resource endowments, forge innovation strengths and characteristic industries, and support and promote all localities to develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions.
Minister of Industry and Information Technology Li Lecheng (李乐成) –
Advanced Manufacturing Develops "Towards New," "Towards Excellence," "Towards Intelligence," and "Towards Green"
Keywords
Made in China
A modern industrial system is the material and technical foundation of Chinese-style modernization, and modern industry is the foundation and core of a modern industrial system. Li Lecheng (李乐成) introduced that in 2025, China's industrial added value was 41.7 trillion yuan, and the contribution rate to economic growth reached 35%. China's advantages of a complete industrial system and its status as the world's largest manufacturing country have been further consolidated.
"Regarding the development trend of China's advanced manufacturing industry, I will use the four words 'towards new,' 'towards excellence,' 'towards intelligence,' and 'towards green' to describe it," said Li Lecheng (李乐成). "'Towards new' means that the development of new momentum is strong. In 2025, the production and sales of new energy vehicles reached a new high, ranking first in the world for 11 consecutive years. 'Towards excellence' means that the industrial structure continues to be optimized. In 2025, the proportion of the added value of equipment manufacturing above designated size and the added value of high-tech manufacturing in the added value of industry above designated size reached 36.8% and 17.1%, respectively. 'Towards intelligence' means that digital and intelligent manufacturing is growing. The integrated application of the industrial Internet covers all 41 industrial categories, and the gradient cultivation of smart factories has made new progress. 'Towards green' means that the green and low-carbon transformation of the industry is steadily advancing. The energy consumption and water consumption per unit of added value of industry above designated size continue to decrease."
In 2025, the scale of China's core artificial intelligence industry exceeded 1.2 trillion yuan, with more than 6,200 enterprises. Li Lecheng (李乐成) believes that artificial intelligence, this "key variable," is becoming a "strong incremental factor" for high-quality economic development.
Li Lecheng (李乐成) introduced that China's large models are going global. Last year, the download volume of open-source large models launched by Chinese enterprises ranked first in the world. Artificial intelligence tools empower production. As of the end of 2025, the application penetration rate of artificial intelligence technology in manufacturing enterprises above designated size in China exceeded 30%. Intelligent terminals have entered people's lives, and Chinese enterprises have launched more than 300 humanoid robots, more than half of the world's total.
Li Lecheng (李乐成) said that he will vigorously promote the "two-way rush" of artificial intelligence and manufacturing, rely on industrial advantages, and optimize product supply. We will go all out to promote the technological breakthroughs and technological iteration of new-generation artificial intelligence products, so that more intelligent products can meet the needs of various industries and fields. Based on the advantages of scenarios, we will deepen industry applications. We will vigorously promote "artificial intelligence + manufacturing," deeply explore high-value application scenarios, cultivate a number of high-level typical applications, and create a number of characteristic intelligent entities. We will coordinate development and security, and adhere to the principle that artificial intelligence is used by people, serves people, and is controlled by people. We will adhere to international cooperation, openness, and sharing in artificial intelligence, so that artificial intelligence can better benefit mankind.
Director of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council Zhang Yuzhuo (张玉卓) –
Strengthening, Optimizing, and Expanding State-owned Enterprises and State-owned Capital
Keywords
Deepening Reform
What kind of report card did state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises hand in during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period? Zhang Yuzhuo (张玉卓) revealed a set of data: the total assets of central enterprises have continuously jumped to three major levels of 70 trillion yuan, 80 trillion yuan, and 90 trillion yuan, the total profit in five years increased by 56.2% compared with the previous five years, and the total factor productivity of all employees increased by an average of 7% per year, which is 1 percentage point higher than the national average. "The important thing about making such progress is to deepen reform," said Zhang Yuzhuo (张玉卓). During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, further deepening reform aims to enhance core functions, enhance core competitiveness, and strengthen, optimize, and expand state-owned enterprises and state-owned capital, mainly achieving new breakthroughs in three aspects:
Achieving breakthroughs in promoting the "three concentrations" of state-owned capital – promoting the concentration of state-owned capital in important industries and key areas related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, in public services, emergency capabilities, and public welfare areas related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and in forward-looking strategic emerging industries.
Achieving breakthroughs in improving the vitality and efficiency of central enterprises – promoting state-owned enterprises, especially central enterprises, to be more dynamic. The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (国资委) is studying how to establish a more effective incentive mechanism in central enterprises, focusing on increasing investment in basic research and incentives for scientific and technological personnel. Last year, central enterprises' investment in basic research reached 102.4 billion yuan. Conduct long-term management of personnel engaged in basic research, establish a reward mechanism according to nodes, deepen the reform of empowering scientific and technological achievements, and stimulate internal motivation.
Achieving breakthroughs in improving the effectiveness of supervision – it is necessary to achieve the organic unity of "letting go" and "managing well." In terms of "letting go," central enterprises are no longer measured by one yardstick, but are assessed by industry and enterprise; in terms of "managing well," an intelligent and penetrating supervision system is developed, which neither interferes with the daily operation of enterprises nor interferes with the autonomy of enterprises, while being able to monitor the production and operation activities of enterprises in real time.
How can central enterprises better develop strategic emerging industries and future industries? Zhang Yuzhuo (张玉卓) said that he will continue to make efforts in these three aspects: leading, catching up, and cultivating. "The leading aspects mainly include new energy, aerospace, and other industries. The next step is to promote these leading industries to continue to establish advantages internationally and make the strengths longer; the catching-up aspects mainly include new energy vehicles, artificial intelligence, new materials, etc.; the cultivation aspects mainly include quantum information, nuclear fusion, low-altitude economy, etc."
Return to TopCao Peng (曹鹏) Member——
Promoting a Virtuous Cycle of Improving People's Livelihood and Industrial Development
"Focusing on the strategy of expanding domestic demand, we can take stimulating the consumption potential of the sinking market as a starting point and innovating elderly care services as a breakthrough to build a new development system that matches supply and demand, integrates urban and rural areas, and helps the elderly, thereby promoting a virtuous cycle of improving people's livelihood and industrial development," said Cao Peng (曹鹏), a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (全国政协) and Chairman of the Technology Committee of JD.com (京东集团).
Cao Peng (曹鹏) suggested improving the coordination mechanism between the elderly care industry and related industries, relying on supply chain and technological innovation, promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence and elderly care services, building a comprehensive elderly assistance system covering commodities, services, and public welfare support, developing the silver economy, improving elderly care services, and meeting the diversified needs of the people.
(Organized by Yang Hao (杨昊), reporter of this newspaper)
Yang Lianying (杨莲英) Delegate——
Improving the Professional Ability of Village Doctors
"As the health 'guardian' of villagers, the professional ability of the village doctor team needs to be continuously improved." Yang Lianying (杨莲英), a delegate to the National People's Congress (全国人大) and a village doctor in Henan Village (河南村), Xinhua Township (新华乡), Pingbian Miao Autonomous County (屏边苗族自治县), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (红河哈尼族彝族自治州), Yunnan Province (云南省), found in her research that the education and professional level of some village doctors need to be improved to meet the needs of rural people for nearby medical treatment and full-cycle health management.
Yang Lianying (杨莲英) suggested increasing opportunities for village doctors to communicate and learn in higher-level hospitals, and unblocking the career advancement channels for village doctors; implementing incentive guarantees such as salary and benefits, and post subsidies, so that capable people have prospects and stimulate the endogenous power of village doctors' career development.
(Organized by He Zhaoyu (何昭宇) and Yang Wenming (杨文明), reporters of this newspaper)
Wang Caiyun (王彩云) Delegate——
Promoting Industrial Innovation with Scientific and Technological Innovation
"I have been doing research and development for 20 years and have witnessed the transformation of consumers from 'having milk to drink' to 'drinking good milk'. This is the change brought to us by scientific and technological innovation." Wang Caiyun (王彩云), a delegate to the National People's Congress (全国人大) and Director of Scientific Research of the Global Innovation Center of Yili Group (伊利集团), believes that continuously strengthening the tackling of key technologies in the industrial chain and the transformation of achievements can provide higher-quality products and services and promote the high-quality development of China's dairy industry.
Wang Caiyun (王彩云) suggested that industrial innovation should be promoted with scientific and technological innovation, focusing on achieving "cultivating good seeds, planting good grass, raising good cows, producing good milk, and building a good chain," accelerating the innovation and breakthrough and industrial application of dairy functional component mining and separation technologies; at the same time, we should focus on the precise nutritional needs of the elderly, strengthen the whole-chain management and control of food safety, strengthen the collaborative innovation of industry, academia, and research, and jointly build a nutritional foundation for healthy aging.
(Organized by Luo Shanshan (罗珊珊), reporter of this newspaper)
Qingdao (青岛), Shandong Province (山东省), is embracing the trillion-yuan blue ocean of the health industry with a brand-new attitude. In July 2025, the "Three-Year Action Plan for Accelerating the Construction of 'China Health Bay' in Qingdao (2025-2027)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan"), jointly issued by the General Office of the Qingdao Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China (中共青岛市委办公厅) and the General Office of the Qingdao Municipal People's Government (青岛市人民政府办公厅), and promoted by nearly 30 departments, outlines the construction blueprint of the "China Health Bay":
Based on Qingdao's resource endowment and unique advantages, with the goal of "Mountain-Sea Health and Wellness City, Dynamic Health Bay Area," relying on high-level platforms such as the Rehabilitation University (康复大学), highlighting "Whole-Area Health and Wellness, Full-Age Health," implementing the "Six New" actions, accelerating the deep integration of real estate, medical care, health and wellness, cultural tourism, and other fields, enhancing the city's radiation-driving ability, and building a "China Health Bay" with international influence.
Building a High-Quality Healthy Living Destination
In recent years, Qingdao has focused on promoting the construction of elderly care service projects. At present, there are 297 elderly care institutions in the city, with 42,000 institutional elderly care beds, 33,000 nursing beds, and the proportion of nursing beds reaching 78.5%; 180 elderly care institutions with three stars or above, with an occupancy rate of 60%; and a cumulative 98,000 contracted family elderly care beds, with a total of 502,000 people enjoying preferential subsidies for elderly meal assistance.
Innovating the integration of medical care and elderly care model, Yuean Medical and Nursing Home (愈安医养院) has been put into use; promoting the establishment of medical consortia between the first batch of six five-star elderly care institutions and hospitals, deepening the "five-bed linkage" pilot, and exploring the seamless conversion of "hospital beds" and "elderly care beds."
At present, Qingdao is stepping up the construction of key projects in the medical field, and a number of newly built and expanded hospital campus projects will be completed and put into use one after another.
Constructing a High Ground for Innovation in the Integration of Rehabilitation Industry and Education
Mountains, seas, cities, and bays are integrated, with a 800-kilometer urban coastline and a comfortable and pleasant marine climate, Qingdao has natural advantages in building a health and wellness highland.
In 2024, the Rehabilitation University (康复大学) was built and put into use in Qingdao. Qingdao is building a rehabilitation industry incubator around the construction of the Rehabilitation University (康复大学) to cultivate a biomedical and medical device industry cluster with health and wellness as its characteristics. As of now, 83 rehabilitation technology companies have been incubated, and four companies, including Jianxin Medical (健新医疗) and Yuansheng Biology (源生生物), have received 110 million yuan in financing.
Currently, Qingdao is focusing on cutting-edge tracks such as rehabilitation robots, brain-computer interfaces, rehabilitation assessment, virtual reality rehabilitation, and remote rehabilitation, laying out a rehabilitation equipment industry focusing on rehabilitation assessment, rehabilitation training, and rehabilitation physiotherapy, and cultivating a group of leading enterprises such as Kangdao Medical (康道医疗), Zhengren Huikang (正仁慧康), and Lingdong Medical (领动医疗) to promote the integrated development of basic research centered on the Rehabilitation University (康复大学) and applied research centered on key enterprises.
The Action Plan proposes that by 2027, the city's life and health industry will reach 100 billion yuan in scale, and a high ground for innovation in the integration of rehabilitation industry and education will be basically built. A new trillion-yuan industry track is being laid out.
Creating an International Health and Wellness Tourism Destination
With coastal landscapes and high-quality health and wellness resources such as Laoshan (崂山), Dazhushan (大珠山), and seawater hot springs, Qingdao is combining the construction requirements of "good houses" to create large-scale comprehensive health full-age communities that combine "multi-generational living, medical care, food, housing, transportation, recreation, learning, and health care," focusing on planning health and wellness projects with demonstration effects, and accelerating the construction of healthy bay areas and healthy cities.
Relying on seawater hot spring resources, introducing well-known hot spring operation institutions to develop hot spring health and wellness; relying on island tourism resources such as Zhucha Island (竹岔岛), Lingshan Island (灵山岛), and Tianheng Island (田横岛), highlighting "one island, one characteristic" to develop island health and wellness; relying on Laoshan (崂山) health culture resources, developing "diet therapy" and "tea therapy" products suitable for different health and wellness groups to develop therapeutic health and wellness...
Promoting the construction of characteristic health carriers, Qingdao will support the transformation of existing commercial and business office buildings into high-end rehabilitation medical apartments and tourism and health apartments; encourage the revitalization of idle farmhouses in accordance with regulations to develop diversified health and wellness tourism products such as vacation homestays and tourism courtyards; strengthen the standardized management of star-rated hotels and graded homestays, and cultivate high-quality tourism and health gathering places.
"China Health Bay," the future has arrived.
Data source: Qingdao Municipal Development and Reform Commission (青岛市发改委)
Return to TopThe "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial time for promoting high-quality financial development and accelerating the construction of a strong financial nation. Stepping into the "15th Five-Year Plan," the Postal Savings Bank of China (中国邮政储蓄银行) (hereinafter referred to as "PSBC") will unswervingly follow the path of financial development with Chinese characteristics, take on greater responsibilities and make new contributions, serve the real economy, enhance people's well-being, continue to deepen and solidify the "five major articles" of finance, and strive to write a new chapter for PSBC in the new journey of accelerating the construction of a strong financial nation.
Serving the overall development situation and empowering the real economy.
Vigorously and orderly promote coordinated regional development. PSBC focuses on guiding funds to support strategic regions, policy businesses, and key industries, continuously serving major regional development strategies, and using financial power to promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (京津冀), the construction of Xiong'an New Area (雄安新区) in Hebei (河北), the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta (长三角), the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin (黄河流域), the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区), and the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港).
Helping to build a new model for real estate development. PSBC fully implements the Party Central Committee's important deployment on promoting high-quality real estate development, creates a financial service system that matches the new model of real estate development, reasonably distinguishes between project and entity risks, and meets the reasonable financing needs of real estate companies. Increase support for real estate companies' stock revitalization financing needs, orderly promote the construction of "good houses," actively support urban renewal actions, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.
Continuously improve the quality and efficiency of financial services for the manufacturing industry. PSBC closely follows the strategic guidance of financial support for new industrialization, continuously optimizes internal resource allocation, improves the differentiated credit granting system, and increases the investment of financial resources in the manufacturing sector. Relying on the "Hundreds of Banks and Thousands of Industries" special action, focusing on the three main lines of transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, cultivation and expansion of emerging industries, and forward-looking layout of future industries, accurately empower the high-end, intelligent, and green transformation of the manufacturing industry. By the end of 2025, the balance of PSBC's medium and long-term loans to the manufacturing industry will increase by more than 11% compared with the end of the previous year.
Continuously increase financial support for private enterprises. By deepening the construction of professional service capabilities, PSBC promotes the integrated development of serving the private economy and science and technology finance and inclusive finance, and strives to build financial services for private enterprises into an important growth engine for the entire bank's development. Actively build an ecosystem for serving private enterprises, sign a strategic cooperation agreement with the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (全国工商联), and jointly carry out the "Lianyou Gongjin Yiqi Xiangxin" (联邮共进 益企向新) private enterprise entering PSBC activities and the "Five-Force Empowerment" special action for private enterprises. Relying on structural monetary policy tools, investment-loan linkage for private investment projects, and supporting the coordination mechanism for financing of small and micro enterprises, continue to increase the efforts to visit and connect with relevant private enterprises, focusing on key areas such as railways, nuclear power, urban infrastructure, low-altitude economy, commercial aerospace, and major technological breakthroughs, and accurately connect with private investment credit needs.
Deeply cultivate the "five major articles" of finance and practice mission and responsibility.
Increase the quantity and expand the scope of science and technology finance. PSBC accelerates the construction of a professional service system, establishes first-level science and technology finance business departments in 6 first-level branches including Beijing (北京) and Shanghai (上海), and establishes more than 100 science and technology finance professional institutions in areas with dense distribution of technology-based enterprises; continuously upgrades the "U Yichuang" (U益创) product matrix, innovatively optimizes exclusive credit products for early-stage technology-based enterprises, promotes technology M&A loans, major technology project loans, and "U Yi Plan" (U益计划) product services, actively participates in the construction of the "Science and Technology Board" in the bond market, and successfully issues 5 billion yuan of science and technology innovation bonds; promotes the application of the "Technology Flow" evaluation system, and promotes the construction of the "Science and Technology Cloud Map" panoramic evaluation platform for technology-based enterprises. By the end of 2025, PSBC will provide services to more than 100,000 technology-based enterprises, demonstrating PSBC's role in supporting technological innovation and cultivating new quality productive forces.
Green finance is booming. PSBC actively practices the concept of green development, does a good job in green finance from many aspects such as governance structure, policy system, incentive and restraint, product and service innovation, ESG and climate risk management, and capacity building, and serves the construction of a beautiful China. By the end of 2025, a total of 55 green finance characteristic institutions have been established, providing carbon accounting services to more than 20,000 enterprises, and the balance of green loans has exceeded one trillion yuan, with a growth rate continuously higher than the average level of various loans for many years, helping to achieve the "dual carbon" goal with financial power.
Inclusive finance is deeply rooted and flourishing. Based on serving "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" (三农), urban and rural residents, and small and medium-sized enterprises, PSBC continues to improve the multi-level, wide-coverage, differentiated, and sustainable inclusive financial service system, and continuously deepens customer comprehensive services by improving mechanism guarantees, innovating service scenarios and models, and optimizing product and service supply, vigorously implements the "Service Strong County and Rich Town Action," accelerates digital and intensive transformation, and continuously improves the accuracy and effectiveness of serving small and micro enterprises and helping the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.
Elderly care finance has distinctive characteristics. PSBC deepens and improves the "three horizontal and three vertical" three-dimensional elderly care financial system, carefully protects elderly care assets, warms the silver-haired customer group with affection, and vigorously cultivates the elderly care industry. By the end of 2025, the balance of financial social security cards will exceed 130 million, serving more than 300 million customers aged 55 and above, and carefully building a trustworthy elderly care financial warm bank.
Digital finance empowerment is enhanced. Deepening the integration of technology and business, PSBC launched 475 information engineering projects, deployed more than 260 large model scenarios, and won the first prize of the Financial Technology Development Award of the People's Bank of China (中国人民银行) for three consecutive years; released PSBC's "AI2ALL" digital ecosystem, and in the evaluation of China Financial Certification Authority (CFCA) (中金金融认证中心), the mobile banking user experience score ranked first for three consecutive years, empowering financial service quality and efficiency with digitalization.
Focusing on people's well-being and helping a better life.
Upgrade customer stratified service. PSBC creates a convenient and efficient basic financial service network, continuously improves the whole process service capability of wealth management, focuses on the differentiated needs of characteristic customer groups, innovates the credit line management mechanism of consumer loans, reshapes the small loan product system, and injects new financial impetus into customers' better life.
Optimize online service process. Promote remote acceptance of housing loans, the current penetration rate has exceeded 80%, greatly improving business processing efficiency; innovate marketing tools, promote lightweight service "one code to reach," create a convenient online service experience; build a multi-channel reach system, expand "intelligent outbound call + large model" and "remote customer manager T+0 response" and other models, providing services that are always available and within reach.
Activate the momentum of people's livelihood consumption. PSBC actively responds to the country's deployment to expand domestic demand, establishes a special class for fiscal interest subsidies, customizes standardized and modular operation processes for consumer loans, and opens up the "last mile" for policy implementation. Focusing on the construction of professional core capabilities, providing customers with diversified asset allocation financial services; organically combining benefiting people's livelihood and promoting consumption, increasing the promotion of fast payment and credit cards, focusing on key scenarios such as culture and tourism, catering, and shopping, fully releasing the potential of scenario consumption, and comprehensively meeting the diversified financial needs of urban and rural residents.
Strengthen consumer credit support. PSBC fully guarantees residents' rigid demand and improved housing needs, and steadily promotes personal housing loan business. Focusing on consumption hotspots, launch theme activities such as "Youxiang Loan New Year Renewal Gift Enjoy Upgrade" (邮享贷新年焕新 礼享升级), with immediate discounts and interest rate discounts, helping to stimulate residents' consumption potential; deepen scenario services, taking "Rural Plus Postal Shopping Car Season" (乡村加邮购车季) as the carrier, strengthen cooperation with automobile OEMs, and create exclusive car purchase discounts, replacement rights and financial subsidies.
In the next step, PSBC will anchor the grand blueprint for building a strong financial nation, follow the path of financial development with Chinese characteristics, deepen reform and innovation, consolidate the risk bottom line, and bravely shoulder responsibilities and missions, and contribute greater strength to a good start to the "15th Five-Year Plan."
Data source: Postal Savings Bank of China (中国邮政储蓄银行)
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