Summary: Xi Jinping’s thought on party building is presented as a systematic and creative answer to the question of how to build a long-term Marxist ruling party, synthesizing the CCP’s century of governance experience. It elevates the leadership of the party as the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and positions comprehensive and strict party governance as the defining theme of party building in the new era. The thought introduces a new overall layout that prioritizes political construction, integrates institutional and ideological governance, and advances the anti-corruption campaign. A key original contribution is the concept of self-reform as the second answer to escaping the historical cycle of rise and fall. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article, authored by the Anhui Provincial Party Secretary of Political and Legal Affairs, reports on President Xi Jinping's statement that "the foundation of the rule of law lies in the people," emphasizing the need to strengthen nationwide legal education. It discusses the "15th Five-Year Plan" call for deeper legal awareness and public legal services to support comprehensive rule of law. The piece outlines key tasks targeting leading cadres, youth, and the general public to improve their legal literacy. It advocates for innovative, multi-platform approaches to legal propaganda, integrating it with governance and cultural activities. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article emphasizes that "mission and responsibility" is a core political trait of the Chinese Communist Party, quoting Xi Jinping’s assertion that advancing Party building as a great project and upholding strict governance is a "magic weapon" for the Party and the nation. It traces this concept to the Marxist principle that the Party has no special interests, highlighting the Party's historical role in overcoming challenges and its recent efforts to enforce strict discipline and self-reform. The piece argues that Party governance is essential for national strength, especially as China faces complex domestic and international risks, and credits Xi's leadership with integrating strict Party governance into the "Four Comprehensives" strategy. It contrasts China's governance with crises in Western party politics, such as populism and far-right trends, positioning Xi Jinping Thought on Party building as a global alternative. The article concludes by urging Party members to adopt a correct view of achievement and contribute to national rejuvenation.
Summary: The article emphasizes the Chinese Communist Party's unwavering commitment to pursuing truth and maintaining the correct direction. It describes the Party's use of Marxism as a powerful tool for transforming both subjective and objective reality, while adhering to principles of seeking truth from facts and advancing with the times. The text highlights the Party's practice of revealing and applying truth through social contradictions, and testing and developing truth through practice. It stresses that new theories continuously guide new practices, ensuring the Party and the people's cause advances in the right direction. No mentions of any specific officials or U.S.-China relations appear in the excerpt.
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Summary: President Xi Jinping visited North Korea in June and again referenced the friendship in a recent article, proposing "four persistences" to guide bilateral ties: high-level exchanges, improving livelihoods, passing on friendship, and upholding fairness. He was accompanied by North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, with whom he held a historic meeting in Beijing in 2025. Xi stressed that China's commitment to the traditional friendship, support for Kim's leadership, and defense of mutual interests remain unchanged. The article highlights growing bilateral trade, resumed cross-border travel, and expanded cultural exchanges. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Germany, a global leader in circular economy, enacted the world's first comprehensive law on the topic in the 1990s and now generates €105 billion in annual revenue from the sector. Facing high resource dependency, limited landfill space, competitive pressures, and EU mandates, Germany built a legal system centered on the *Circular Economy and Waste Management Act* and a "Green Dot" packaging recovery system. Market mechanisms, such as carbon pricing and tiered licensing fees, incentivize firms to adopt recyclable designs and increase recycled material use. As a result, Germany achieves a 67% municipal waste recycling rate, near-zero landfilling, and over 85% e-waste recovery. The article concludes that China and other countries should learn from Germany’s emphasis on comprehensive legislation, clear producer responsibility, and integrated collection systems to drive green transformation.
Summary: Recent polls indicate growing global favorability toward China, with majorities in European nations like Germany and Canada now viewing China as more reliable than the United States. In the U.S., public sentiment has improved for three consecutive years, with fewer Americans viewing China as an “enemy.” Across the Global South, including Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America, respondents increasingly see China as a preferred development model and trustworthy partner. The article attributes this shift to China’s economic resilience, responsible global governance, and deepened cultural exchanges via visa liberalization and social media platforms. It recommends tailored communication strategies for different regions to sustain and deepen positive perceptions.
Summary: The article analyzes Xi Jinping’s emphasis on “never forget the original intention and remember the mission” within his 14-point party-building framework, highlighting its expanded connotation and elevated status as a unifying principle. It notes Xi’s repeated calls since 2012, including his 2017 visit to the CPC’s founding sites in Shanghai and Jiaxing with newly elected Politburo members, where he stressed that forgetting this core question would cause the Party to lose its way. The piece frames the concept as a “perpetual topic” for long-term governance, warning that abandoning it would change the Party’s nature and erode public support, citing the Soviet collapse as a cautionary tale. It also links the mission to the “great founding spirit” and to people-centered development, arguing that adherence to this principle underpins China’s modernization and the legitimacy of CCP rule. The article contains no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article reports that Chinese anti-corruption agencies are intensifying crackdowns on disguised bribery through "borrowing in name," citing cases of officials like Jin Tianxiang of Zaoyang State Investment Group and Liu Guangzhong of Jimei District, who accepted large sums from those under their authority without repayment. It outlines key characteristics of such corruption, including fake loan reasons, lack of formal contracts, and the reliance on power relationships, and emphasizes that legal and party regulations clearly distinguish normal loans from bribery. The piece warns that this form of corruption undermines political integrity, fair market competition, and public trust, attributing it to weak ideals, insufficient supervision, and institutional gaps. It calls for a systemic approach combining education, strict enforcement, and better oversight to combat "invisible" graft, reiterating that the anti-corruption campaign remains ongoing and must target all forms of evolving financial misconduct.
Summary: The article examines Xi Jinping's thought on building a long-term ruling Marxist party, emphasizing that "never forget the original aspiration and mission" is central to the party's nature and goals. It argues this principle is rooted in Marxist theory, historical experience, and the practical demands of sustained governance. The piece highlights how the Communist Party of China's century-long history of serving the people and fulfilling its mission has driven national rejuvenation. It also notes institutional developments, such as the inclusion of this principle in party documents and its prioritization under Xi's leadership. The article calls for continued implementation of Xi Jinping's party-building thought to guide Chinese-style modernization.
Summary: President Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the importance of "scientist spirit" (科学家精神) in speeches from 2020 to 2026, most recently at the 2026 National Science and Technology Awards Conference and the 11th National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology. He called for promoting patriotism, innovation, dedication, and collaborative spirit among researchers to build a technological powerhouse. The article traces the evolution of this spirit through Chinese history, from "science to save the nation" to "science to strengthen the nation," citing exemplary figures like Qian Xuesen, Huang Danian, and Yuan Longping. It also notes that the spirit is officially codified in party documents, including the 2022 20th Party Congress report and the 15th Five-Year Plan. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Xi Jinping's thought on party building is a systematic theoretical response to the question of how to build a long-term Marxist ruling party, synthesizing the CCP's century-long experience in governance and self-reform. It emphasizes that the Party's leadership is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and positions comprehensive strict governance as the defining theme of party building in the new era. The thought introduces a new framework for party building that prioritizes political construction, integrates ideological and institutional governance, and advances the anti-corruption campaign through a holistic approach. It identifies self-revolution as the second answer to escaping the historical cycle of rise and fall, asserting that the Party must maintain its purity through continuous self-reform. Additionally, it offers a global perspective on Marxist party governance, advocating for the Sinicization of Marxist theory and the adaptation of party-building principles to local contexts.
Summary: Xi Jinping’s January 2026 speech at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, published in his selected works, calls for advancing full and rigorous Party governance with “higher standards and more concrete measures.” He outlined three key requirements: more resolute implementation of central Party decisions, more scientific confinement of power within institutional cages, and more sober and determined anti-corruption efforts. The address situates these demands within the critical “15th Five-Year Plan” period, warning of “high winds, choppy waters, and even terrifying waves” ahead. No accompanying officials were mentioned.
Summary: The article, from the *Chinese Party and Government Cadres Forum*, reports Xi Jinping's instructions on advancing high-quality service sector development as crucial to Chinese-style modernization. Xi emphasized adhering to the new development philosophy, focusing on demand-driven growth, reform, technological empowerment, and open cooperation to expand capacity and improve quality. Experts discuss structural transformations, innovation in manufacturing-service integration, and the need for institutional opening to boost competitiveness. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Jang Hyun-keun, former president of the Korean Political Thought Association, published a 2019 book *The Transformation of Concepts* that systematically examines 12 pairs of core ancient Chinese political concepts, including "politics," "state," and "public-private." He argues that the traditional concept of "politics" originally encompassed all moral order but narrowed after the introduction of Western political ideas. Jang traces the evolution of "state" from a feudal hierarchy under the Zhou to centralized imperial rule, and analyzes the "public-private" distinction, noting that the Han dynasty combined public law with communal ritual for long-term stability. The book highlights how Confucius expanded the meaning of "politics" to include filial piety, and how the "public-private" dichotomy shaped imperial governance. These works by Korean scholars, including Kim Young-min's 2017 English-language *History of Chinese Political Thought*, have shifted academic perceptions of the field.
Summary: The article, authored by the Vice President of Southeast University, argues that Chinese universities must systematically integrate artificial intelligence (AI) as a transformative force, moving beyond mere tool adoption to become contributors to innovation and governance. It emphasizes building independent and controllable AI infrastructure, developing interdisciplinary and engineering capabilities, and embedding AI into real educational and administrative scenarios. The core goal is to return to talent cultivation, fostering AI literacy and composite skills in students. The piece stresses value-driven, safe, and ethical AI implementation, with no direct reference to the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article reports on the transformation of the former State-owned Hongguang Electron Tube Factory in Chengdu’s Eastern Suburb into the Dongjiao Memory·Chengdu International Fashion Industry Park, which attracted over 18 million visitors in 2025. It highlights how the park preserves industrial relics (e.g., factory buildings, rails, chimneys) while integrating modern cultural creativity, digital art, and trendy commercial spaces. The site, originally built in 1958 under central planning, later declined and was repurposed in 2009, now serving as a model for "industrial heritage revitalization." The piece quotes President Xi Jinping’s directive to protect historical cultural heritage while rationally utilizing it for public cultural services. No mention is made of U.S. or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article, authored by the Anhui Provincial Party Secretary of Political and Legal Affairs, emphasizes the critical role of rule-of-law propaganda and education in China’s governance and modernization. It highlights Xi Jinping's call to strengthen public legal awareness and the "15th Five-Year Plan" mandate to expand legal services and public legal education. Key tasks include targeting leading cadres, youth, and the general public with precise普法 initiatives, and integrating legal education into grassroots governance and judicial processes. The author advocates for innovative multimedia approaches and improved coordination mechanisms to make legal propaganda more effective. The piece underscores the need for political and legal organs to take responsibility, ensuring these efforts support China's socialist rule-of-law system and the Chinese path to modernization.
Summary: The article details Huadian International Power Company's implementation of the "three non-corruptions" strategy—deterrence, prevention, and self-restraint—to deepen anti-corruption efforts. It reports the company's measures to intensify punishment, strengthen supervision through digital platforms, and expand education via警示教育 and family engagement. The company also optimizes coordination mechanisms among party committees, discipline inspection, and business operations to build a "clean enterprise." No U.S. or U.S.-China relations are mentioned. The report is authored by the company's Party Committee, with no specific official quoted.
Summary: The article reports on the party-building initiatives of State Grid Weifang Power Supply Company, as described by its party secretary and deputy general manager. It outlines the company's "party building empowerment" actions, which integrate party leadership with business operations by using party branches as catalysts and党员 as pioneers. The initiatives focus on both empowering tasks and personnel, with an emphasis on theoretical study, cultural cultivation, and media outreach to support high-quality development. The company has achieved notable results, including becoming a major hub for the national UHV grid and maintaining the province's top electricity sales for 14 consecutive years. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The Binzhou Municipal Party Committee’s Direct Organs Work Committee, guided by Xi Jinping’s thought on party building, launched a “Pioneer Leading Action” to train, select, and encourage party members to take the lead in all areas. The initiative focuses on ideological training, practical exercises, and the recognition of exemplary individuals to drive economic development, administrative efficiency, and public service. It includes themed training sessions, mentorship programs, and media showcases to amplify the role of party members as models for others. The action is structured around three main pillars: refining pioneers, promoting pioneers, and striving to be pioneers. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
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Summary: Cai Qi, a member of the Politburo Standing Committee and president of the Central Party School, attended the school’s 2026 spring semester graduation ceremony and issued diplomas to 1,940 graduates. During the ceremony, eight student representatives spoke, stating that their studies coincided with the 105th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party. They reported deepening their study of Xi Jinping Thought, the spirit of the Fourth Plenum of the 20th Central Committee, and Xi’s party-building thought. The graduates expressed increased commitment to the "two establishments" and "two safeguards," and pledged to apply the Party’s innovative theories in their future work. The article did not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: On July 13, a national conference on Xi Jinping’s thought on united front work was held in Hefei, co-hosted by the Central Party School’s United Front Teaching and Research Department and other entities, with the Anhui Provincial Party School as the local host. Central Party School Vice President Gong Weibin and Anhui United Front Department head Wei Shengbin attended and delivered remarks. Gong emphasized that the "grand and magnificent" struggle of the new-era patriotic united front provides valuable resources for theoretical research, urging party schools to enhance their disciplinary awareness and focus on original, principled contributions. The conference featured presentations from scholars including Wang Yanzhong and Xu Feng, alongside experts from regional party schools across China such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Yunnan. The event did not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: A high-level conference on high-quality development and Xi Jinping's economic thought was held June 27-28 in Chongqing, co-organized by the Central Party School and Chongqing Municipal Party School. Over 100 experts attended, with opening remarks from Chongqing Party School executive vice principal Liu Xiaowu and Central Party School economics department director Zhao Zhenhua. Liu framed the event as a key platform for understanding Xi's economic theory and building an independent Chinese economics knowledge system. Zhao highlighted the "princely contributions" of Xi Jinping Economic Thought, calling it both an extension of Marxist political economy and a groundbreaking innovation for the new era. The conference received a record 231 paper submissions, with discussions covering topics from AI's impact on employment to "involution-style" competition, but made no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: A conference marking the 40th anniversary of the Contemporary World Socialism Professional Committee was held in Xining, Qinghai, with nearly 50 experts from institutions including the Central Party School, the CPC Central Committee’s International Department, and the Central Institute of Party History and Literature. Participants discussed the theme of "contemporary capitalist crises and the civilizational creation of world socialism." They emphasized the recent official articulation of Xi Jinping's thought on party building, calling it a new height in understanding Marxist ruling party governance. Experts noted that adherence to Party leadership and strict self-governance have been key to China's socialist achievements. The meeting called for developing a distinctive Chinese knowledge system for world socialism studies, without referencing the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Chen Huizong, executive vice president of Fujian Provincial Party School, attended a study session on Xi Jinping's thought on party building, while Vice President Li Haixing presided and provided guidance. The meeting emphasized that Xi's thought on party building is a milestone in Marxist party-building theory and a key political task for the school. It called for deep study, understanding, and integration of this thought into training, research, and party building activities. The school aims to produce original research and develop diverse courses to ensure full coverage of Xi's party-building thought in all training classes. Relevant department heads and faculty from the Party Building Research Department participated.
Summary: A symposium was held at the Chongqing Party School on July 3 to study Xi Jinping’s speech marking the CPC’s 105th anniversary. Vice President Hou Jinxiong attended and delivered concluding remarks, joined by eight experts and young faculty representatives. Hou stressed deepening theoretical understanding of Xi’s key concepts, including the “five musts” for the new journey and the integration of Red Rock spirit with Party history. He called for focusing research on Party self-reform and Chongqing’s modernization, and for embedding the speech’s content into cadre training. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Provincial party schools in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Guangxi held meetings to convey the national party building symposium and study Xi Jinping’s thought on party building. They emphasized that this thought is a key component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and a guide for Chinese modernization. The schools stressed the need to incorporate it into training curricula, conduct systematic research, and promote it to the public. They also called for applying the thought to party building work and ensuring strict governance of the schools. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The Liaoning Provincial Party School convened a symposium to celebrate the 105th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party and advance the construction of an independent Chinese knowledge system in philosophy and social sciences. Nine representatives, including school leaders and department heads, engaged in discussions on implementing Xi Jinping’s thought on party building and his directives on philosophy and social sciences. The meeting emphasized adhering to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and upholding the principle of the party running the school. Key tasks outlined included strengthening discipline systems, promoting organized research, and enhancing both talent cultivation and the capacity of party schools at all levels. The goal is to better serve the party through education and policy advice, contributing to China’s autonomous knowledge system.
Summary: The article details how the Weifang Municipal Party School in Shandong Province has implemented a comprehensive training program for young teachers, centered on the "Qingrui Mingke" teaching brand. The program includes mentorship pairings, temporary assignments, specialized lectures, and a structured reading plan to build foundational skills. Quality control is enforced through a five-step course development process, student evaluations, peer competition, and tiered training for outstanding courses. The initiative adopts a systematic approach across the city's party school system, with regional supervision, collaborative curriculum development, and inter-level teaching teams. Long-term mechanisms such as reward systems, research integration, and a progressive talent cultivation ladder aim to sustain the program's impact.
Summary: Shandong Provincial Party School (Administrative College) has implemented new assessment mechanisms for its basic training classes, following Xi Jinping's directives on party school work. The reforms include real-time recording and differentiated evaluation models based on class duration and type, such as documentary assessment for one-month sessions and additional appraisal for longer youth cadre classes. Assessment content covers five major areas with over 20 quantified indicators, including classroom attendance, discussion contributions, and policy advisory reports. The process utilizes a digital management system and integrates feedback with organizational departments. The school reports that the new system has strengthened trainee discipline and improved the overall learning atmosphere.
Summary: On July 6, Henan Provincial Party School held a province-wide "training drill" for economic courses, involving over 280 teaching staff from provincial, municipal, and county-level party schools both online and offline. The event focused on teaching, researching, and interpreting Xi Jinping’s economic thought, with themes including the 15th Five-Year Plan, new quality productive forces, a unified national market, and Yellow River conservation. Twenty-four municipal party school instructors presented lessons using local case studies on industrial transformation and cultural integration. Experts from provincial and municipal party schools provided critiques on theoretical depth, local relevance, and teaching logic. The drill aimed to enhance political and academic standards of economic education, building high-quality courses tailored to Henan’s conditions.
Summary: The article reports that the Party School of the Shizhong District Committee in Neijiang, Sichuan, has implemented a "three mechanisms, two transformations, one team" model to enhance research quality. It established mechanisms for full-staff collaboration, "open competition" for research topics, and a broad coordination network with higher-level party schools and district departments. The school converted research outcomes into teaching materials and policy recommendations, with 25 of 29 advisory reports receiving approval from city and district leaders. To strengthen its research team, the school enforced strict recruitment standards, increased training exchanges, and implemented mentorship programs for younger faculty. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article reports that Guangdong Province has established Party schools in all 122 counties, with the provincial Party committee prioritizing their development to address imbalances and improve cadre training. The provincial Party secretary, who also serves as the head of the provincial Party school, personally chaired meetings and delivered lectures to reinforce accountability. Efforts included creating regional collaboration mechanisms, reforming management systems, and enhancing infrastructure and faculty. The article highlights a focus on basic training, research, and strict discipline to boost the quality of grassroots cadre education. The author is a deputy director of the Guangdong Provincial Organization Department and executive vice president of the provincial Party school.
Summary: The article outlines strategies to enhance case-based teaching at Chinese Party schools, emphasizing problem-oriented approaches, optimized processes, innovative methods, and institutional safeguards. It details steps such as tailoring cases to different training cohorts, standardizing discussion workflows, employing role-playing and staged analysis, and using digital tools for immersive learning. The piece also stresses mechanisms like collective lesson planning, multi-dimensional evaluation, dual-tutor systems involving experienced officials, and coordinated development across provincial and local Party schools. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations. The author is affiliated with the Zhejiang Provincial Party School.
Summary: The article reports on how the Lincang Municipal Party School in Yunnan Province, guided by the newly revised Party School work regulations, is enhancing Party spirit education by focusing on fostering a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. The school, based in a frontier ethnic area, has developed 49 thematic courses and 10 practical teaching routes, including 30 on-site teaching points, to integrate theory with local ethnic unity narratives. It emphasizes innovating narrative methods, moving from superficial storytelling to deep theoretical and emotional engagement, while following Xi Jinping’s important thoughts on ethnic work. The school also strengthens research support, publishing over 300 papers and undertaking 101 research projects, with 18 policy recommendations adopted by think tanks. By shifting from one-way lectures to interactive teaching methods, it aims to improve cadres’ ability to handle ethnic work and border governance.
Summary: The article describes the Kong Fansen Spirit Teaching Base in Shandong, which implements the "Regulations on Cadre Education and Training" by using scenario-based, immersive, and digital teaching methods to enhance party spirit education. The base has developed courses like a themed party class and a stage drama, integrating various formats to make Kong Fansen's spirit tangible. It employs a complete teaching chain of pre-class preparation, immersive experience, and post-class reflection, combined with on-site learning. The base also invests in professional faculty training through workshops and winter programs, inviting experts from the Central Party School and other institutions. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article recounts how writers and scholars visiting Yan'an during the Anti-Japanese War documented its stark material poverty yet vibrant social order, contrasting it with KMT-controlled areas. It highlights Mao Zedong's remarks to journalist Shu Yan that "the people are the foundation of the state" and his discussion with Huang Yanpei on adapting Marxism to Chinese realities. The writers praised Yan'an's egalitarian ethos, self-reliance campaigns, and rigorous self-criticism, which convinced figures like Chen Jiageng that the CCP would defeat the KMT. The narrative emphasizes that Yan'an's spirit and CCP's people-centered approach positioned it as the "hope of China." No mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations appears in the text.
Summary: Jin Shengtan, a late Ming/early Qing literary critic, gained renown for elevating novels and drama to the status of classics through his innovative commentaries on *Water Margin* and *The Western Chamber*. He criticized corrupt officials and argued that rebellion arose from social injustice, leading him to delete the pro-government ending of *Water Margin*. Emperor Shunzhi praised his writing as "ancient prose," yet Jin was executed in 1661 after leading a scholar protest against a cruel magistrate. His life exemplifies the tension between intellectual defiance and state authority in traditional Chinese politics.
Summary: The article describes the transformation of the Kucong (Lahu) ethnic group in Yunnan’s Ailao Mountains, from a history of extreme isolation and poverty to contemporary prosperity. The author recounts how the Communist Party and local government, through infrastructure projects, education, and economic development, lifted the community out of destitution. The narrative highlights tangible improvements: new housing, roads, schools, and industries like tea and walnut processing. No specific officials are named, but the local Party committee and government are credited with these changes. The piece offers a personal, positive account of China’s ethnic minority policies and poverty alleviation efforts.
By: 重庆市中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心
Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building is the profound summary and theoretical sublimation of the Chinese Communist Party’s more than 100 years of experience in managing the Party, governing the Party, revitalizing the Party, and strengthening the Party. It is a systematic and creative answer to the major epochal question of what kind of long-term ruling Marxist party to build and how to build a long-term ruling Marxist party. It is a major achievement of our Party in advancing theoretical innovation by adhering to the “two combinations” (两个结合). It comprehensively and profoundly elucidates the highest principles, strategic guidelines, value pursuits, work layout, and methodological pathways of Party building in the new era, constituting the chapter on Party building of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This thought not only deepens the understanding of the laws governing the building of a Marxist party at the theoretical level through a series of major identifying concepts, original ideological viewpoints, and principled theoretical achievements, but also, at the practical level, leads our Party to become stronger and more powerful through revolutionary tempering, providing the fundamental guidance and scientific direction for deeply advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era.
Theoretical and practical advanced nature is the most distinctive essential characteristic that distinguishes a Marxist party from all other political parties, and is the fundamental basis for our Party to firmly believe in its faith and ideals and to grasp the historical initiative. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building originates from the scientific theory of Marxism, takes root in the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and is nurtured in the great practice of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party in the new era. It has milestone significance in the history of the development of Marxist party-building theory and in the history of the Chinese Communist Party’s own building. It holds a particularly important position within Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and is of great and far-reaching significance for enriching and developing contemporary Chinese Marxism and Marxism in the 21st century.
Marx pointed out, “Problems are the slogans of the times, the most actual call of its expression of its state of mind.” The vitality of Marxist party-building theory lies in continuously exploring and responding to the new issues and new challenges facing Marxist parties. A distinct theoretical character of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building is its adherence to problem orientation. This thought not only answers the major epochal question of what kind of long-term ruling Marxist party to build and how to build it, but also elucidates the fundamental question of what the Chinese Communist Party is and what it must do, reveals the core key to why the Party was able to succeed in the past and how it can continue to succeed in the future, and provides an action guide for our Party to forcefully solve the “six hows to always” (六个如何始终), effectively respond to the “four major tests” (四大考验), vigorously guard against the “four dangers” (四种危险), and thoroughly rectify the “four impures” (四个不纯) on the new journey. With a distinct problem orientation, this thought solves the unique problems of a century-old major party, deepens the scientific understanding of the ruling laws of the Chinese Communist Party from a new perspective, and demonstrates powerful truth force and practical force. It will inevitably continue to be enriched, deepened, and expanded with the development of the vivid practice of Party building in the new era.
Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building both adheres to the most basic and core content of Marxist party-building theory and, in the course of studying new situations and solving new problems, upholds fundamental principles and breaks new ground (守正创新, shǒu zhèng chuàng xīn - “uphold fundamental principles and innovate,” to maintain correct principles while innovating), and pushes out the new from the old (推陈出新, tuī chén chū xīn - “push out the stale and bring forth the fresh,” to discard the outdated and create the new). It has made major original contributions to enriching and developing Marxist party-building theory, and has significant practical significance and long-term guiding significance for managing the Party, governing the Party, revitalizing the Party, and strengthening the Party. For example, incorporating Party building into the “four greats” (四个伟大) overall framework of governing the country and the “Four Comprehensives” (四个全面) strategic layout; putting forward a series of original new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies such as “the Chinese Communist Party is the highest political leadership force,” “making the Party’s political building the fundamental building of the Party,” “the ‘two upholds’ (两个维护) are the Party’s highest political principle and fundamental political rule,” “the rivers and mountains are the people, and the people are the rivers and mountains,” “carry forward the spiritual pedigree of the Chinese Communists originating from the great founding spirit of the Party,” “ideals and convictions are the ‘calcium’ in the spirits of Communists,” and “bringing benefit to the people is the greatest political achievement.” These mark that our Party’s understanding of the laws governing the building of a Marxist party has reached a new height, opening a new realm of the Sinicization and modernization of Marxist party-building theory.
Clarifying the new positioning that upholding the Party’s leadership is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics
The scientific connotation of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building is the “ten persists” (十四个坚持), and the foremost is “upholding the Party’s leadership is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “Socialism with Chinese characteristics has many characteristics and features, but the most essential feature is upholding the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.” “The biggest national condition of China is the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. What is Chinese characteristics? This is Chinese characteristics.” “Upholding the Party’s comprehensive leadership is the only way to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.” These major judgments not only deepen the understanding of the laws governing the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, but also further clarify the strategic positioning of the Party’s leadership in developing the socialist cause.
The Party’s leadership directly concerns the nature, direction, and destiny of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building, based on scientifically grasping the intrinsic connection between the leadership of the proletarian party and the development of the socialist cause, fundamentally clarifies that the Party’s leadership is the fundamental political guarantee for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “Upholding and strengthening the Party’s comprehensive leadership concerns the future and destiny of the Party and the country. All our undertakings are built on this foundation and are rooted in this most essential feature and greatest advantage.” From the theoretical foundation, upholding the leadership of the proletarian party is a basic viewpoint of Marxist party-building theory and a basic principle of scientific socialism; from the historical logic, without the Chinese Communist Party, there would be no New China, and there would be no socialism with Chinese characteristics; from the basic national conditions, the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party is a reliable guarantee for the people being the masters of the country; from the overall cause, the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party directly concerns the fundamental direction, future and destiny, and ultimate success or failure of Chinese-style modernization, and is the fundamental guarantee for comprehensively building a modern socialist country and comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The reason socialism with Chinese characteristics is scientific socialism lies in adhering to the leadership of the proletarian party; the reason socialism with Chinese characteristics has Chinese characteristics fundamentally lies in adhering to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building is an open ideological system that connects history, reality, and the future, progressively elucidating the intrinsic, essential, and necessary connection between the Party’s leadership and socialism with Chinese characteristics, clarifying the fundamental political course and the highest political leadership force for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building emphasizes that the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party is the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly points out, “Why the Chinese Communist Party can succeed and why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good: ultimately, it is because Marxism works, and because the Sinicized and modernized Marxism works.” This major judgment elucidates the internal logic between the theoretical advantage, the party advantage, and the institutional advantage. Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for building the Party and the country, and for revitalizing the Party and the country; it is the scientific worldview and methodology for establishing and perfecting the socialist system with Chinese characteristics; it provides a solid theoretical foundation and powerful theoretical advantage for upholding and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and determines the fundamental nature of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The Chinese Communist Party, as the highest political leadership force, by exercising overall leadership over all sectors and coordinating the efforts of all sides, concentrates the strength of the entire Party and the entire country and unites the common will of the whole nation. It is the fundamental foundation for the remarkable advantage of the socialist system in concentrating resources to accomplish great tasks. Upholding the Party’s centralized and unified leadership is the primary advantage of China’s state system and national governance system. By effectively coordinating major relationships in various fields of the Party and state undertakings, pooling resources from all sides, and concentrating efforts to resolve the most immediate and realistic interests of the people, it transforms our Party’s theoretical advantage and party advantage into an institutional advantage for advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, fundamentally ensuring that the institutional advantage of socialism with Chinese characteristics is fully demonstrated.
Marking the new height of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party as the distinct theme of Party building in the new era
“To govern the country, one must first govern the Party; only when the Party thrives can the country be strong.” Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has profoundly grasped the intrinsic connection between managing the Party, governing the Party, revitalizing the Party, strengthening the Party on one hand, and strengthening the country and national rejuvenation on the other. It has faced the outstanding problems and serious risks within the Party, made the strategic deployment of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, systematically reshaped the work system for managing and governing the Party, and embedded the strict tone, strict measures, and strict atmosphere throughout all aspects and the entire process of Party building, fundamentally reversing the weakening, dilution, and fading of the implementation of the Party’s leadership and the lax and soft situation in managing and governing the Party. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building is precisely the systematic summary and theoretical sublimation of the practical experience of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party in the new era.
This thought puts forward that comprehensively and strictly governing the Party is the strategic policy for Party building in the new era, emphasizing that comprehensively and strictly governing the Party is the only way for the Party to forever maintain its vigor and vitality and to take the new road of the exam (赶考). General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly points out, “Comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, the core is to strengthen the Party’s leadership, the foundation lies in comprehensiveness, the key lies in strictness, and the crux lies in governance.” This profoundly elucidates the overall requirements and basic content of this strategic policy. “The core is to strengthen the Party’s leadership” makes clear that comprehensively and strictly governing the Party must always revolve around consolidating the Party’s leadership position, maintaining the Party’s advanced nature and purity, and enhancing the Party’s leadership level and governance capacity; “the foundation lies in comprehensiveness” means governing the entire Party and managing the entire Party, covering all fields, aspects, and links of Party building with the fundamental requirements of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, implementing them in every Party organization and every Party member, achieving full content coverage, full object coverage, full chain of responsibility, and full system integration; “the key lies in strictness” means embedding strict requirements throughout the entire process of managing and governing the Party, insisting on truly managing and truly being strict, daring to manage and daring to be strict, and managing strictly and being strict for a long time, always maintaining a high-pressure posture in the anti-corruption struggle, continuously eliminating deep-rooted corruption problems within the Party, and leaving no place for any violations of discipline and law to hide; “the crux lies in governance” means first solving the basic problem of who governs and how to govern, clearly defining from the Party Central Committee to local Party committees at all levels, from departments of the Central Committee, Party groups (Party committees) of state organs to grass-roots Party branches, layer by layer consolidating the political responsibility and main responsibility of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, and adhering to addressing both symptoms and root causes, systematic governance, coordinating the pulling out of “rotten trees,” treating “sick trees,” and straightening “crooked trees,” ensuring that comprehensively and strictly governing the Party is truly implemented. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building uses systematic thinking and dialectical thinking to scientifically grasp the inherent relationships between “trees” and “forest,” between the “key minority” and the vast majority, and between key rectification and full-domain governance, leading Party building in the new era to create a new situation and pushing management and governance of the Party from lax and soft to strict and hard.
Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building regards comprehensively and strictly governing the Party as a systematic project that exerts force in the same direction and comprehensively. It creatively puts forward the major proposition of improving the system of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, and makes comprehensive arrangements from five aspects: the organizational system, the education system, the supervision system, the institutional system, and the responsibility system. It emphasizes the need to improve the organizational system that is interconnected from top to bottom and has strong execution; the key is to uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership; the foundation lies in profoundly understanding the decisive significance of the “two establishments” (两个确立) and resolutely achieving the “two upholds”; implementing the Party’s organizational line for the new era; coordinating and advancing the building of Party organizations at all levels and in all fields; and promoting the continuous deepening of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. It emphasizes the need to improve the education system that consolidates the foundation, cultivates the root, unites hearts, and builds the soul; adhere to taking in-depth study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the main theme and main line; continuously improve the study system of the theoretical study center groups of Party committees (Party groups) and the theoretical study system of grass-roots Party organizations; adhere to combining regular education with centralized education, combining theoretical armed with practical application, and combining strengthening Party spirit with enhancing capabilities; and continuously consolidate the ideological foundation of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. It emphasizes the need to improve the supervision system that exerts precise force and addresses both symptoms and root causes; adhere to simultaneously grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline, and combining treating diseases with strengthening the body; improve and perfect the Party member management mechanism, the mechanism for strictly managing and supervising cadres, and the normalization mechanism for rectifying work styles and enforcing discipline; improve the supervision system that is unified under the Party’s leadership, covers all areas, is authoritative, and efficient; and continuously enhance the precision and effectiveness of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. It emphasizes the need to improve the institutional system that is scientifically complete, effective, and practical; deepen reform of the intra-Party regulations and institutional system; promptly elevate good experiences and methods from grass-roots practice into institutions; strengthen the consciousness and execution of governing the Party with institutions and regulations; and effectively guarantee the political nature and principle of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. It emphasizes the need to improve the responsibility system with clear subjects and clear requirements; adhere to establishing and improving the responsibility system by level and category; clarify the main responsibility of Party committees (Party groups) at all levels for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, the supervisory responsibility of discipline inspection commissions, the first responsibility of secretaries of Party committees (Party groups), and the “dual responsibility for one post” (一岗双责) of other members of the leadership team; and through improving the precise and scientific accountability mechanism, promote the implementation of the political responsibility of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party.
Constructing a new framework for the overall layout of Party building in the new era
General Secretary Xi Jinping has made profound expositions on the general requirements for Party building in the new era, emphasizing “comprehensively advancing the Party’s political building, ideological building, organizational building, work style building, and discipline building, with institutional building running through it, and deeply advancing the fight against corruption.” This major original thesis clarifies the functional positioning, internal logic, and synergistic relationship among the various aspects of Party building, demonstrates the systematic restructuring from element integration to system integration in Party building in the new era, and achieves a major theoretical innovation and practical breakthrough in the layout of Party building within Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building.
It has pioneered the inclusion of the Party’s political building in the overall layout of Party building and placed it first, clarifying the leading role, primary task, and fundamental requirements of the Party’s political building. Being clear and explicit about politics is not only a distinct feature of a Marxist party but also a consistent political advantage of our Party. Engels pointed out, “The workers’ party exists as a party and must carry out political activities. To preach to the workers’ party the abandonment of politics is to destroy the International.” General Secretary Xi Jinping, based on grasping the essential attributes of the Party, emphasizes, “If the political advanced nature of a Marxist party is lost, the Party’s advanced nature and purity become meaningless.” He points out that “the Party’s political building is the fundamental building of the Party, determining the direction and effect of Party building,” profoundly elucidating that the Party’s political building plays a leading role in Party building, revealing the scientific rationale for placing the Party’s political building first. He puts forward that “the primary task of the Party’s political building is to ensure that the entire Party obeys the Central Committee, uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership,” further making specific requirements for the Party’s political building in terms of grasping the political direction, adhering to the Party’s political leadership, consolidating the political foundation, cultivating a political ecosystem, preventing political risks, forever maintaining political integrity, and improving political ability, clarifying the action path for using political building to lead all aspects of Party building. These major judgments give soul and direction to all aspects of Party building, which under the guidance of political building form an overall synergy, and are a principled theoretical achievement in Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building.
This overall layout adheres to the simultaneous exertion of ideological Party building and institutional Party governance, forming a long-term deployment for promoting 不敢腐不能腐不想腐 (bù gǎn fǔ bù néng fǔ bù xiǎng fǔ - “dare not rot, cannot rot, do not want to rot,” a unified approach to deterrence, containment, and prevention of corruption). General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes, “Strictly governing the Party relies on education as well as institutions. The two are one soft and one hard, and must exert force in the same direction and at the same time.” The overall layout of Party building in the new era positions institutional building as the key support running through all fields of Party building, and takes the simultaneous exertion of ideological Party building and institutional Party governance as an important experience in managing and governing the Party. It clarifies that “the process of strengthening institutional Party governance must be made a process of strengthening ideological Party building, and the process of strengthening ideological Party building must also be made a process of strengthening institutional Party governance,” taking ideological building as the foundational building of the Party, running institutional Party governance and governing the Party by regulations through all aspects of Party building, and organically unifying and simultaneously advancing the solution of ideological problems and institutional problems. At the same time, Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building incorporates the deep advancement of the anti-corruption struggle into the general requirements for Party building in the new era, clarifying the need to “adhere to promoting the integrated approach to 不敢腐不能腐不想腐.” General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “As the ruling party, the biggest threat our Party faces is corruption.” To advance the anti-corruption struggle in the new era, it is necessary to build a pattern of anti-corruption work under the Party’s comprehensive leadership; use strict discipline enforcement and law enforcement to make Party members and cadres “dare not rot”; use strict and effective institutional systems and supervision systems to ensure “cannot rot”; rely on theoretical arming and ideal and belief education to build an ideological line of defense for “do not want to rot”; integrate the realization of punishment and deterrence, institutional constraints, and ideological guidance; and provide a strong guarantee for consolidating the Party’s ruling foundation and safeguarding the country’s long-term stability and security.
Finding a new answer to the historical cycle of governance and chaos, rise and fall
General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “Comrade Mao Zedong gave the first answer in the cave in Yan’an, which is ‘let the people supervise the government’; after a century of struggle, especially the new practice since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, the Party has given a second answer, which is self-revolution.” From the first answer to the second answer, Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building profoundly answers the strategic question of how to break out of the historical cycle of governance and chaos, rise and fall, a question concerning the Party’s survival or extinction. It transforms self-revolution from ideological consciousness into practical consciousness, demonstrating the unswerving determination of the Chinese Communists to continuously advance the Party’s own building and forever maintain its political character.
Putting forward that the Party’s self-revolution is the second answer for our Party to break out of the historical cycle is a major original contribution of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building. Having the courage to engage in self-revolution is a distinctive mark distinguishing the Chinese Communist Party from other political parties. It not only answers the historic problem of how a Marxist ruling party can escape the pattern of “its rise is sudden, its fall is sudden” (其兴也勃焉，其亡也忽焉), but also points out a new path for Marxist ruling parties to achieve long-term development by relying on endogenous forces. Marx and Engels pointed out, “The class that overthrows the ruling class can only rid itself of all the old filth and become capable of rebuilding society in the revolution.” Lenin believed, “The vanguard must not fear self-education, self-transformation, and must not fear openly admitting its own insufficient literacy and ability.” Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building, with a completely new theoretical horizon, elevates “the Party’s self-revolution” to the strategic height of “the second answer to breaking out of the historical cycle” for understanding and positioning, clarifying that self-purification, self-improvement, self-reform, and self-enhancement are the profound connotations of the Party’s self-revolution, achieving a major theoretical breakthrough. From the theoretical logic, self-revolution contains the dual meaning of the category of “revolution,” not only pointing to the social revolution of transforming the objective world but also to the self-revolution of transforming the subjective world. This thought incorporates Party building into the grand narrative of “revolution,” endowing Party building with deeper historical significance and epochal value. From the practical logic, self-revolution is not a slogan, but a practical requirement that runs through all aspects and the entire process of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, demonstrating our Party’s consistent consciousness of facing problems squarely and the courage to turn the blade inward.
Relying on self-revolution to forever maintain the Party’s advanced nature and purity, ensuring that the Party does not change its nature, color, or flavor, reflects the high historical initiative and strong sense of mission of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes, “As long as we continuously eliminate all factors that harm the Party’s advanced nature and purity, and continuously eliminate all viruses that erode the Party’s healthy body, we will surely be able to ensure that the Party does not change its nature, color, or flavor, and ensure that the Party forever remains a strong leading core in the historical process of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.” This profoundly shows that maintaining the Party’s advanced nature and purity is not a one-time effort, but requires enduring the tempering of risks and challenges under the test of long-term governance. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building scientifically grasps this regularity, taking self-revolution as an important guarantee for maintaining the Party’s advanced nature and purity. This is not only a profound lesson drawn from the history of the international communist movement, but also a systematic refinement of the Chinese Communist Party’s more than 100 years of experience in building, managing, and governing the Party. It has a broad international perspective and a profound practical foundation, powerfully revealing the secret of how a century-old major party can endure hardships and continuously thrive, and how it remains in its prime despite going through many vicissitudes.
Providing a new solution for Marxist party governance under the hundred-year, unseen global transformation
Currently, the world is undergoing a major transformation unseen in a century, accelerating in its evolution. Political parties in various countries around the world are facing challenges to varying degrees. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building, based on accurately grasping the reality that the Chinese Communist Party is the world’s largest ruling party with significant global influence, adopts a broad perspective on the rise and fall of political parties worldwide, takes the historical cycle as a mirror, deeply reflects on the rise and fall of political parties in various countries, especially Marxist parties, and summarizes both positive and negative experiences, contributing Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese strength to the governance of Marxist parties under the hundred-year, unseen global transformation. It can be regarded as a weighty textbook in the history of human political civilization.
Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building always adheres to the “soul vein” (魂脉) of Marxism and the “root vein” (根脉) of the excellent traditional Chinese culture. It is a brilliant example of applying Marxist party-building theory to solve the practical problems of a Marxist party’s own building, providing important inspiration for Marxist parties in various countries to explore localized building paths. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes, “Continuing to advance the localization and modernization of Marxism, using the light of truth to illuminate humanity’s path forward, is the common responsibility of Marxist parties.” Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology inherent to a Marxist party. How to correctly treat, uphold, and develop Marxism is the primary issue that all Marxist parties must address well. Engels pointed out, “Our theory is a developing theory, not a dogma to be learned by rote and mechanically repeated.” Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building is based on the local conditions, looks at the world, and looks to the future. It is both an inheritance and sublimation of our Party’s own historical experience of building, and a creative transformation and innovative development of the principles of governing the country, managing the state, and cultivating oneself and ethical concepts contained in the excellent traditional Chinese culture, continuously endowing Marxist party-building theory with distinct Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner. This thought profoundly reveals that there is no fixed template or ready-made routine for building a Marxist party; it must be independently explored based on the country’s national conditions, local culture, and the party’s own reality, resolutely rejecting the misconception of dogmatically applying classic models or copying other countries’ models. By systematically summarizing the valuable practical experience of a century-old major party in managing and governing the Party, it continuously enriches and develops Marxist party-building theory, providing a Chinese solution for Marxist parties in various countries to form localized party-building theories and take the path of self-reliant building.
“If one wants to establish affairs, one must first establish the mind.” (欲事立，须是心立) Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building clearly puts forward that adhering to using the Party’s innovative theories to unite hearts and build the soul must focus on ideological Party building and theoretical Party strengthening, providing an important reference for Marxist parties around the world to consolidate their faith foundation and adhere to their ideals and convictions. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “The advanced nature of a Marxist party is first embodied in the advanced nature of its ideology and theory,” emphasizing that “an important reason why the Chinese Communist Party has been able to endure hardships and continuously grow stronger is that our Party has always attached importance to ideological Party building and theoretical Party strengthening, enabling the entire Party to maintain unified thinking, firm will, coordinated action, and strong combat effectiveness.” These important expositions fully demonstrate that an advanced Marxist party is not born, but must be cultivated and consolidated through continuous strengthening of the Party’s theoretical arming and practical tempering. Looking at the history of Marxist parties worldwide, problems such as ideological dogmatism and rigidity, wavering ideals and convictions, insufficient political consciousness, weakened theoretical interpretation, and neglect of theoretical arming are not uncommon. The root lies in the virtualization of ideological building and the lack of institutionalization. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building proposes that ideological building is the foundational building of the Party, emphasizing the need to strengthen theoretical innovation and theoretical arming, providing useful enlightenment for Marxist parties around the world to strengthen their belief in Marxism and adhere to the lofty ideal of communism. It is especially significant for Marxist parties under long-term governance to unify thinking, will, and action.
Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building proposes the original concept of the Party’s organizational line for the new era, scientifically elaborates the theoretical connotation of the Party’s organizational line, which is of milestone significance in the history of the development of Marxist parties, and provides new ideas for Marxist parties around the world to enhance their own political functions and organizational functions. Engels pointed out, “In the political struggle of class against class, organization is the most important weapon.” Lenin believed, “In the struggle for political power, the proletariat has no other weapon besides organization.” Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping, focusing on the significance of the organizational line for upholding the Party’s leadership, strengthening Party building, and doing well in the Party’s organizational work, has emphasized the need to “focus on building the organizational system, make efforts to cultivate loyal, clean, and responsible high-quality cadres, and make efforts to gather all kinds of outstanding talents who are patriotic and dedicated.” This important judgment achieves a new theoretical breakthrough in the more than 100-year history of our Party’s development and makes a major contribution to the history of the development of Marxist parties. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Party Building, with its important expositions on strengthening the building of the Party’s grass-roots organizations, implementing the Party’s organizational line for the new era, and establishing a scientific cadre training mechanism, further enriches and expands the scientific understanding of the laws governing the organizational building of Marxist parties. It not only provides a theoretical guide for our Party to strive from being the “world’s largest party” to becoming the “world’s strongest party,” but also contributes Chinese wisdom to solving the common problem faced by Marxist parties around the world: how to maintain organizational vitality and enhance organizational effectiveness.
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When the rule of law prospers, the country prospers; when the rule of law is strong, the country is strong. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed: "The foundation of the rule of law lies in the people. We must increase efforts to popularize the law among the entire population, promote the spirit of the socialist rule of law, enhance the concept of the rule of law among the entire population, improve the public legal service system, and consolidate the social foundation for governing the country according to law." The outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan proposes to deepen the construction of a law-based society, accelerate the development of legal service teams such as lawyers, improve inclusive public legal services, strengthen publicity and education on the rule of law, and create a favorable environment in which the whole society upholds the rule of law, abides by rules, respects contracts, and maintains justice. Publicity and education on the rule of law is a long-term fundamental task for comprehensively governing the country by law, and a key measure for consolidating the foundation of the rule of law, building consensus on the rule of law, and cultivating belief in the rule of law. We must thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law (习近平法治思想), fully implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on Publicity and Education on the Rule of Law, promote the quality and efficiency of publicity and education on the rule of law with a higher political stance, more practical measures, and stronger responsibility, continuously improve the legal awareness of the entire population and the law-based level of social governance, and provide a strong legal guarantee for advancing Chinese-style modernization.
Raise political standing, deeply grasp the contemporary connotation of publicity and education on the rule of law
Political and legal organs, as the main force in the construction of the rule of law, must thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, and deeply understand the extreme importance of publicity and education on the rule of law from a political and overall perspective.
Publicity and education on the rule of law is a political requirement for practicing the "Two Upholds" (两个维护). The rule of law is an important pillar for the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity; publicity and education on the rule of law is an important way to transform the Party's legal propositions into conscious actions of the entire population. We must always adhere to the Party's overall leadership over the work of publicity and education on the rule of law, take promoting the deep-rooted acceptance of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law in the people's hearts as the primary task, promote the grounding and rooting of the Party's legal theory, legal line, and legal policies, and guide the whole society to unswervingly follow the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.
Publicity and education on the rule of law is a fundamental policy for promoting grassroots governance. Grassroots are the "last kilometer" of rule of law construction; publicity and education on the rule of law is a basic project to raise the law-based level of grassroots governance. Only by continuously deepening the popularization of law among the entire population and constantly improving citizens' legal awareness can we prevent and resolve conflicts and disputes at the source, promote the formation of a good environment where people act in accordance with the law, seek the law when encountering problems, use the law to solve problems, and rely on the law to resolve conflicts, thus laying a solid grassroots foundation for building a higher level of Safe China and law-based China.
Publicity and education on the rule of law is an important guarantee for serving high-quality development. The rule of law is the best business environment; publicity and education on the rule of law is an important support for optimizing the business environment and escorting high-quality development. Through precise law popularization and explaining the law with cases, guide business entities to operate in accordance with the law and act in good faith and law-abiding, enhance the sense of rules and contract spirit of the whole society, maintain the order of the market economy according to law, and create a stable, fair, transparent, and predictable legal environment for high-quality economic and social development.
Focus on key tasks, make precise efforts to advance publicity and education on the rule of law in depth and substance
Publicity and education on the rule of law in the new era must adhere to a people-centered approach, focus on key targets, key contents, and key areas, innovate methods and means, enhance pertinence and effectiveness, and promote the transformation of publicity and education on the rule of law from "popularization-style" to "precision-style," and from "one-way indoctrination" to "interactive participation."
Highlight the "key minority", strengthen rule of law education for leading cadres. Leading cadres are important organizers, promoters, and practitioners of comprehensively governing the country by law, and must play the "leading goose effect" (头雁效应). Strictly implement the system of lists of inner-Party regulations and national laws that leading cadres should know and must know, incorporate Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, the Constitution, and laws into the core content of the Theoretical Study Center Group (党委（党组）理论学习中心组) of Party committees (Party leadership groups) and the main training sessions of Party schools (Schools of Administration) (党校（行政学院）). Improve systems such as annual rule-of-law reporting by leading cadres, rule-of-law training, and pre-appointment legal examinations, and continuously improve the ability of leading cadres to use legal thinking and legal methods to deepen reform, promote development, resolve conflicts, maintain stability, and respond to risks.
Focus on the "future majority", firmly grasp rule of law education for young people. Young people are the future of rule-of-law China construction; legal education must start from childhood. Deeply implement the Outline for Rule of Law Education for Young People, incorporate rule of law education into the national education system, promote full coverage of vice principals for legal affairs (法治副校长) in primary and secondary schools, and regularly carry out activities such as "First Rule of Law Lesson of the Semester," "Mock Court," and "Rule of Law Summer Camp." Focus on key areas such as the protection of minors and the prevention of juvenile delinquency, strengthen the construction of campus rule of law culture, and guide young people to fasten the "first button" of life.
Aim for "full coverage of the people", deepen precise law popularization at the grassroots. Adhere to a people-centered orientation for law popularization, integrate law popularization work into grassroots governance and into the lives of the masses. Deeply implement the action to improve citizens' legal awareness, focus on basic laws such as the Constitution, the Civil Code, the Criminal Law, and the Public Security Administration Punishments Law, as well as areas of concern to the masses such as production safety, social security, marriage and family, and petitioning and rights protection, and carry out normalized, down-to-earth law popularization publicity. Implement the responsibility system of "whoever enforces the law popularizes the law" (谁执法谁普法), promote law enforcement and judicial personnel to explain the law through cases in conjunction with case handling, and use matters at hand to educate people around them. Make good use of positions such as the New Era Civilization Practice Centers, village (community) rule of law culture squares, and rule of law publicity boards, combine traditional festivals and important nodes to carry out mass rule of law cultural activities, so that the rule of law enters thousands of households.
Closely follow "central work", strengthen law popularization in key areas. Focus on key areas such as national security, rural revitalization, business environment, ecological environmental protection, and cyberspace security, and carry out precise, targeted law popularization publicity. Strengthen publicity of the National Security Law, the Anti-Espionage Law, the Anti-Terrorism Law, etc., to build a solid national security line for the entire people; around rural revitalization, deeply publicize the Rural Revitalization Promotion Law, the Land Administration Law, the Rural Collective Economic Organization Law, etc., to assist in the construction of law-based villages; focus on optimizing the business environment, publicize the Civil Code, the Company Law, the Small and Medium Enterprises Promotion Law, etc., to guide business entities to operate in accordance with the law and compliance; strengthen publicity of the Ecological and Environmental Code (生态环境法典), to promote the formation of green and low-carbon production and lifestyle; strengthen publicity of laws and regulations on cybersecurity, data security, personal information protection, etc., to safeguard a clear cyberspace.
Uphold fundamental principles and break new ground; continuously improve the quality and effectiveness of publicity and education on the rule of law
Publicity and education on the rule of law in the new era must adapt to new situations and new requirements, uphold fundamental principles and innovate at the same time, continuously make breakthroughs in concepts, carriers, and mechanisms, and promote the high-quality development of publicity and education on the rule of law.
Innovate publicity concepts, promote deep integration of law popularization and practice. Break the inertial thinking of "emphasizing form over substance," adhere to the concept that "law popularization is governance, governance is law popularization," and promote the deep integration of publicity and education on the rule of law with law-based governance, rule of law practice, and legal services. Integrate law popularization work throughout the entire process of law enforcement and judicature; synchronously carry out law popularization publicity in all stages of case filing, investigation, prosecution, trial, and execution; integrate law popularization into the entire process of conflict and dispute resolution; explain the law and clarify principles in people's mediation, administrative mediation, and judicial mediation; integrate law popularization into the entire process of public legal services; through legal consultation, legal aid, notarization, arbitration and other services, achieve "serve once, popularize the law once." Adhere to the combination of governing the country by law and governing the country by virtue, integrate socialist core values into publicity and education on the rule of law, promote red rule of law culture, inherit the excellent traditional Chinese legal culture, and promote the formation of a good atmosphere where the law secures the world and virtue nurtures the people.
Innovate publicity carriers, build an all-media law popularization matrix. Accelerate the formation of a new model of precise law popularization, build a three-dimensional law popularization publicity pattern of "online + offline" and "traditional + emerging." Offline, establish a directory of rule of law cultural venues, polish the "Anhui Jianghuai Law Popularization Campaign" (安徽“江淮普法行”) law popularization brand, implement integration projects such as "Rule of Law + Intangible Cultural Heritage" and "Rule of Law + Cultural Tourism," integrate the rule of law into traditional festivals, folk activities, folk art and other characteristic cultural forms, so that the masses receive rule of law edification during leisure and entertainment; online, continuously build the province's new media law popularization matrix with the "Anhui Law Popularization" government WeChat account as the leader, and Anhui Law Popularization Weibo and Anhui Law Popularization network as the two wings. Use micro-videos, micro-animations, H5, IP images, emojis and other communication methods that the masses like to see, to create a batch of law popularization products with appeal, influence, and penetration, making law popularization more precise and effective. Guide newspapers, radio, television and other news media and network service providers to fulfill their public interest law popularization responsibilities, set up law popularization columns and special topics in important pages, important channels, and important time slots, and promptly provide authoritative and accurate legal interpretation on social hot spots and typical case events, promoting the normalization and institutionalization of public interest law popularization by the media.
Innovate work mechanisms, gather strong synergy for law popularization work. Improve the publicity and education work mechanism on the rule of law under the leadership of the Party committee, supervision by the People's Congress, leadership by the government, coordination by all parties, and social participation, forming a law popularization work pattern of top-down linkage, joint management, and coordinated force. Revise the Anhui Province Regulations on Publicity and Education on the Rule of Law, consolidate good experiences and good practices, and transform them into regulations with rigid binding force. Establish and improve the "three lists and one document" (三单一书) system of the "whoever enforces the law popularizes the law" responsibility system, forming a closed-loop management system of clarifying responsibilities, issuing reminders, supervising, and evaluating. Improve the assessment and evaluation mechanism for publicity and education on the rule of law, incorporate publicity and education on the rule of law into the assessment system for the construction of rule of law and safe China, strengthen the application of assessment results, and promote the implementation and effectiveness of various tasks.
Strengthen responsibility and commitment, ensure that all tasks of publicity and education on the rule of law are implemented and effective
Doing a good job in publicity and education on the rule of law in the new era carries great responsibility and a glorious mission. Political and legal organs at all levels in the province must strengthen their responsibility and commitment, with excellent work style and practical measures, to push publicity and education on the rule of law to a new level.
Strengthen organizational leadership, consolidate work responsibilities. Party committees of political and legal affairs at all levels must place publicity and education on the rule of law in an important position, incorporate it into the overall deployment of political and legal work, regularly listen to work reports, and study and solve major problems. The main responsible comrades perform the duties of the first responsible person, personally deploy, personally inquire, personally coordinate, and personally supervise; the responsible deputy comrades perform the duties of direct responsible persons, grasp and implement each work in detail; all relevant departments divide responsibilities, closely cooperate, and form a work synergy.
Build a strong law popularization team, enhance professional capabilities. Strengthen the construction of full-time and part-time teams for publicity and education on the rule of law, cultivate and create Anhui regional law popularization publicity and volunteer service brand projects, strengthen the construction of the three teams of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" law popularization lecturer group (“九五”普法讲师团), law popularization volunteers (普法志愿者), and "legal literate persons" (法律明白人), build a high-quality, professional, down-to-earth law popularization team, and provide professional, precise, and efficient rule of law publicity services for the masses. Strengthen the construction of the law popularization capacity of political and legal police officers, make law popularization work a basic skill for political and legal police officers, and guide political and legal police officers to be both law enforcement and judicial personnel and law popularization propagandists.
Strengthen inspection and evaluation, seek practical results. Establish and improve the supervision and guarantee mechanism for publicity and education on the rule of law, adopt methods such as regular inspections, random spot checks, and planning evaluations to supervise and guide. For units and individuals with poor work or slow progress, promptly issue law popularization reminders and order corrections within a time limit. Implement and refine the Law on Publicity and Education on the Rule of Law, promote the transformation of publicity and education on the rule of law from a "soft task" to a "hard constraint," and ensure that all tasks are implemented and effective.
(The author is a member of the Standing Committee of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee and Secretary of the Political and Legal Affairs Commission.)
By: 本报评论员 赵慧
Mission and responsibility (使命担当) is the political本色 of a Marxist political party, and also the lofty spiritual realm of Chinese Communists. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Advancing party building as a great project, and consistently adhering to the principle and policy that the party must supervise itself and govern itself strictly, is a major innovation of our party, and also a major magic weapon for establishing the party and the country, and for revitalizing the party and strengthening the country." Carrying mission and responsibility through the entire process of strengthening the party and strengthening the country is not only a solemn responsibility bestowed by history, but also an inevitable requirement for promoting the development of the party and the country's cause on the new journey.
Mission and responsibility originate from the essential stipulations of a Marxist political party. Marx and Engels pointed out in the Communist Manifesto: "The Communists are not a special party opposed to other working-class parties. They have no interests separate and apart from those of the proletariat as a whole." This theoretical character of "having no special interests of their own" has been most thoroughly and most vividly transformed into practice in Chinese Communists, concentratedly embodied as a deep and conscious mission and responsibility. Looking back over more than a century of struggle, our party has always remained true to its original aspiration and kept its mission firmly in mind, with a high degree of historical consciousness and a strong sense of mission and responsibility, uniting and leading the people to overcome one seemingly insurmountable difficulty after another, and to create one human miracle after another that 彪炳史册 (biāo bǐng shǐ cè - "shining in the annals of history," glorious and memorable). Entering the new era, our party has infused a strong sense of mission and responsibility throughout the entire process of strengthening the party and strengthening the country, insisting on perfecting an organizational system that is connected from top to bottom and has strong execution, building a high-quality cadre contingent capable of shouldering the heavy task of national rejuvenation, and unswervingly promoting strictness in ideology, strictness in supervision, strictness in discipline enforcement, strictness in cadre management, strictness in work style, and strictness in anti-corruption, curbing some unhealthy tendencies that had long gone unchecked, and correcting some 顽瘴痼疾 (wán zhàng gù jí - "stubborn miasma and chronic disease," deep-rooted and stubborn problems) that had persisted for years. Comprehensively strict party governance (全面从严治党) has opened up a new realm of self-revolution for a century-old major party, the party's image has been renewed, the party's conduct and government conduct have been invigorated, and the party's creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness have been significantly enhanced.
Looking at the practice of party politics throughout history and across the world, how to handle the relationship between strengthening the party and strengthening the country has always been a major proposition concerning the fate of the nation. History and reality repeatedly prove that whether the party's leadership is strong and effective directly affects the success or failure of the national cause and the process of national rejuvenation. Currently, our country is in a critical period of consolidating the foundation and making comprehensive efforts to basically realize socialist modernization, with strategic opportunities and risk challenges coexisting, and uncertain and unpredictable factors increasing. At the same time, the party faces the "four major tests (四大考验)" and the "four dangers (四种危险)" which are long-term, complex, and severe. To govern the country, the party must first be governed; to govern the party, it must be strict. This is a profound and valuable experience the Communist Party of China has gained in its own construction. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has incorporated comprehensively strict party governance into the "Four Comprehensive (四个全面)" strategic layout, planning all party building work from the height of the overall development of the party and the country's cause, making party management and governance a strategic fulcrum for carrying out the great struggle, advancing the great cause, and realizing the great dream. Answering the major epochal questions of what kind of long-term ruling Marxist political party to build and how to build a long-term ruling Marxist political party ultimately aims to answer how the party can better shoulder the historical mission of the new era, uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively advance the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化).
The Communist Party of China is a party that seeks happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, and it is also a party that seeks progress for humanity and great harmony for the world. The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. The historical trend of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit is unstoppable, but Western party politics is deeply mired in various difficulties, with populism rising and far-right ideologies spreading. The development of political parties in various countries urgently needs new theoretical guidance. Xi Jinping's thought on party building (习近平党建思想), with its lofty value orientation and unique ideological charm, has broken the myth of the Western party system, provided useful reference for the development of political parties worldwide, and contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese strength to the progress of human political civilization. Under the guidance of this thought, our party has created a new atmosphere in the governance of the Communist Party of China and the governance of China (中国共产党之治、中国之治). For many consecutive years, China's economy has maintained a contribution rate of around 30% to world economic growth, becoming the most stable and reliable engine of world economic development. More and more foreign political parties hope to understand the "governing code" of the Communist Party of China and are eager to draw experience and inspiration from China's national governance. The Communist Party of China is increasingly becoming an important force in promoting political parties around the world to jointly explore the laws of governance, exchange experiences in state governance, strengthen exchanges and cooperation in various fields, and create global public goods.
The journey is long, and only responsibility (征途漫漫，唯有担当) matters. Today, we are closer to, more confident in, and more capable of achieving the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history. Standing at a new historical starting point, the vast number of party members and cadres must proceed from realizing the party's mission and tasks, establish and practice a correct view of performance, and with the spiritual realm and historical responsibility of "achievements need not be mine, but achievements must include me (功成不必在我、功成必定有我)", write an excellent answer worthy of the times and worthy of the people on the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
Return to TopResolve to pursue truth, always grasp the correct direction of progress. Our Party takes Marxism as a powerful ideological weapon for transforming the subjective world and the objective world, adheres to emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, and being realistic and pragmatic, focuses on revealing and applying truth in the movement of social contradictions, is adept at testing and developing truth in practice, continuously guides new practice with new theory, ensuring that the cause of the Party and the people advances in the correct direction.
Return to TopBy: 朴光海
China and the DPRK are socialist friendly neighbors linked by the same mountains and rivers and sharing a common destiny. From June 8 to 9 this year, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and President Xi Jinping paid a state visit to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. This was General Secretary Xi Jinping’s first foreign visit this year and his second visit to the DPRK after seven years. Under the guidance and steering of the top leaders of the two parties and two countries, China-DPRK relations stand at a new historical starting point, face new development opportunities, shoulder new missions of the times, 继往开来 (jì wǎng kāi lái – “carry forward the past and open up the future”), 与时俱进 (yǔ shí jù jìn – “keep pace with the times”), and continually reach new heights.
Facing the accelerating evolution of the century-old transformation and the interweaving of turbulence and change in the international situation, General Secretary Xi Jinping, focusing on the long-term development of relations between the two parties and two countries and the general trend of the times, put forward four points of opinion on developing China-DPRK relations, namely: adhere to taking high-level exchanges as guidance, adhere to taking benefiting the people as the goal, adhere to taking friendship inheritance as the driving force, and adhere to taking fairness and justice as the concept. The “four adherences” draw a blueprint and point the direction for China-DPRK relations in the new era.
Adhere to taking high-level exchanges as guidance, consolidate the foundation of political mutual trust.
The inheritance of friendship and strategic guidance of the leaders of the two parties and two countries are the greatest advantage of China-DPRK relations. In recent years, General Secretary Xi Jinping and General Secretary Kim Jong Un have maintained close strategic communication, raising the flag and setting the direction for writing a new chapter in China-DPRK relations in the new era, and drawing a blueprint.
The two parties and two countries of China and the DPRK have a fine tradition of high-level exchanges, visiting each other as frequently as relatives. From 2018 to 2019, the leaders of the two parties and two countries met five times, opening a new chapter in China-DPRK high-level exchanges. In 2025, General Secretary Kim Jong Un was invited to China to attend the activities commemorating the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. General Secretary Xi Jinping and General Secretary Kim Jong Un held a historic meeting in Beijing, reaching important consensus on overall, strategic, and directional issues in bilateral relations, pushing the relations between the two countries into a new phase.
After nine months, the leaders of the two parties and two countries again realized mutual visits, fully reflecting the high level and importance of China-DPRK relations. During the visit, the leaders of the two parties and two countries talked about China-DPRK traditional friendship, discussed major plans for the development of China-DPRK relations, reached important consensus on developing China-DPRK relations in the new era, and had in-depth exchange of views on maintaining regional and world peace and stability. The two sides unanimously agreed that from the strategic height of the future of socialism, they should grasp the general trend of the times, conform to the common aspiration of the two peoples, and promote the high-level development of China-DPRK relations.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that no matter how the international situation changes, the Chinese Party and government’s firm stance of attaching great importance to China-DPRK traditional friendship will not change, the firm support for General Secretary Kim Jong Un in leading the DPRK’s socialist cause will not change, and the firm determination to safeguard the common interests and good strategic environment of both sides will not change. The “three no-change” statements 掷地有声 (zhì dì yǒu shēng – “dropped on the ground with a sound,” resounding and powerful), demonstrating that maintaining, consolidating, and developing China-DPRK relations has always been the unswerving policy of the Chinese Party and government, further consolidating the foundation for promoting the high-level development of China-DPRK relations.
This year marks the 65th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between China and the DPRK. The two sides will take this opportunity to strengthen communication and exchanges among all departments and levels of the party, government, and military, implement the important consensus between the two sides, and inject strong impetus into the development of China-DPRK relations.
Adhere to taking benefiting the people as the goal, raise the level of practical cooperation.
China and the DPRK are both socialist countries under the leadership of communist parties, share common ideals, beliefs, and goals, both shoulder the historical mission of achieving national prosperity and strength and people’s happiness and well-being, and are committed to adhering to development paths that suit their respective national conditions.
This year marks the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the first year of the 15th Five-Year Plan. We are striding forward on the new journey of comprehensively advancing Chinese modernization with high-quality development. The Ninth Congress of the Workers’ Party of Korea and the 15th Supreme People’s Assembly of the DPRK were successfully held, and the Korean people are also advancing and implementing the goals and tasks set by the Ninth Congress. Both China and the DPRK have entered the fast lane of development. The leaders of the two parties and two countries strengthen strategic communication, steering the ship of China-DPRK relations, and also make specific plans for practical cooperation and friendly exchanges in various fields. The two sides unanimously agreed to strengthen the alignment of development strategies, expand practical cooperation in economy and trade, agriculture, construction, science and technology, medical and health care, etc., and strengthen friendly exchanges in education, culture and arts, tourism, sports, media, youth, local, and sister cities, share opportunities, promote common development, and better benefit the peoples of the two countries.
Currently, China-DPRK economic and trade cooperation is steadily strengthening, and connectivity is fully restored. In 2025, bilateral trade volume reached 2.735 billion US dollars, with China-DPRK trade volume increasing by 26% compared to 2024. In the first quarter of 2026, it grew by 14.3% year-on-year. Cooperation in areas such as people’s livelihood, agriculture, infrastructure, and mechanical equipment continues to advance. This year, China-DPRK international passenger trains and Air China passenger flights have resumed two-way service, and cross-border movement of people and goods is becoming smoother. Border cooperation platforms are also continuously expanding and upgrading. The Dandong Guomenwan Mutual Trade Zone (丹东国门湾互市贸易区) has attracted more than 20 Korean trading firms to settle in. The Pyongyang International Commodity Exhibition has become a display window for Chinese goods, and Chinese goods that are 琳琅满目 (lín láng mǎn mù – “a dazzling array of beautiful objects”) are deeply loved by local people. The alignment of supply chains between the two countries is accelerating, expanding new growth areas such as cross-border e-commerce, cultural tourism, and health and wellness, which will assist each other’s economic development and implementation of plans.
China and the DPRK share a border of more than 1,300 kilometers and are also a model of “three goods” for good-neighborly cooperation, namely good neighbors, good friends, and good comrades. The two sides should fully leverage the advantages of geographic proximity and cultural affinity, expand practical cooperation, increase mutual trust through cooperation, seek development through unity, walk hand in hand on the road to socialist modernization, and continuously enhance the well-being and friendship of the peoples of the two countries.
Adhere to taking friendship inheritance as the driving force, tighten the bond of people-to-people connectivity.
In October 1949, China and the DPRK formally established diplomatic relations. The China-DPRK traditional friendship was personally forged by the older generation of leaders of the two parties and two countries, condensed and tempered in the bloody revolutionary struggle, and continued and developed in the course of socialist construction. Years tempered together; true gold fears no fire. Today, the international situation has undergone profound changes, but China and the DPRK have always adhered to their traditional friendship. Generational friendship, shared destiny, and 守望相助 (shǒu wàng xiāng zhù – “keep watch and help each other,” mutual assistance in times of need) have always been the distinctive features of China-DPRK relations.
Relatives wish for each other’s well-being, neighbors wish for each other’s prosperity. The construction of Chinese-style modernization and the DPRK’s economic and livelihood improvement and comprehensive development process form a benign interaction, assisting the economic development of both countries, and even more so allowing the fruits of cooperation to benefit the peoples of both countries, consolidating the public opinion foundation of friendly relations, and injecting an inexhaustible spiritual impetus into the sustained and long-term development of bilateral relations.
China and the DPRK are one family, engraved in history and even more permeated in people’s hearts. China-DPRK people-to-people and cultural exchanges are fully recovering. Two-way study abroad in the field of education has resumed. Cultural and sports interactions are frequent, with cultural and art troupes from both countries visiting and performing, forming cultural resonance in traditional friendship. Exchanges among youth, women, and local levels are flourishing, with friendly cities such as Dandong and Pyongyang interacting closely, and the intensity of people-to-people exchanges is rising.
Generational friendship between China and the DPRK is both the common aspiration of the two peoples and an inevitable choice that conforms to the historical trend and fits the current of the times. General Secretary Xi Jinping, after seven years, again paid homage to the China-DPRK Friendship Tower, recalling history, remembering the martyrs, and inheriting friendship. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to pass on the red genes and traditional friendship of the two countries, so that the China-DPRK traditional friendship radiates a more brilliant light of the times. The two sides unanimously agreed to jointly maintain the memorial facilities for the volunteers, so that the great spirit of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea can be 发扬光大 (fā yáng guāng dà – “carry forward and develop”) and so that the great China-DPRK traditional friendship can be passed down through generations.
Adhere to taking fairness and justice as the concept, enrich the connotation of strategic coordination.
In today’s world, fairness and justice are the common expectation of the international community and also the common value pursuit of China and the DPRK. China and the DPRK are linked by mountains and rivers and share a common destiny, bearing common responsibility in maintaining regional peace and stability and promoting common development.
During this visit, General Secretary Xi Jinping and General Secretary Kim Jong Un had in-depth exchange of views on the current international and regional situation, emphasizing that China and the DPRK should strengthen strategic communication and coordination, firmly defend their respective sovereignty, security, and development interests, jointly maintain regional peace and development, and create better external conditions for the socialist cause of the two countries. Promoting China-DPRK strategic coordination and maintaining common security from a strategic height not only concerns the vital interests of the two countries but also has a profound impact on the peace and development of the region and the world.
Facing the intricate and complex geopolitical environment, the two sides of China and the DPRK maintain coordination of positions on major issues such as the situation on the Korean Peninsula and regional security. China and the DPRK share the common aspiration of safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests, share the common desire to maintain regional peace and stability, and oppose all plots and acts that revive militarism and endanger regional security and stability. Close China-DPRK strategic coordination is conducive to creating conditions for the political resolution of the Korean Peninsula issue and injecting more stability and certainty into regional peace and development.
Facing the intricate and complex international situation, China and the DPRK engage in close multilateral coordination, firmly defend international fairness and justice, and promote the development of the international order in a more just and reasonable direction. In today’s world, hegemonism and power politics still exist, and the international order is undergoing profound adjustment. China and the DPRK advocate maintaining the international system with the United Nations at its core and the international order based on international law. These strategic consensuses not only serve the common interests of China and the DPRK but also help safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the vast number of developing countries.
China-DPRK strategic coordination is also an important practice in promoting the building of a new type of international relations and building a community with a shared future for mankind. China is willing to work with the DPRK to jointly advance an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, implement the four major global initiatives, and join hands to promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. The two sides of China and the DPRK will continue to deepen strategic coordination, and will surely jointly walk the 人间正道 (rén jiān zhèng dào – “the righteous path in the world,” the right path on earth) of peaceful development and win-win cooperation.
Looking ahead, the two sides of China and the DPRK will uphold the spirit of the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between China and the DPRK, conform to the trend of the times, strengthen strategic communication and coordination, provide solid guarantees for safeguarding the common interests of the two countries and regional peace and stability, let the China-DPRK traditional friendship radiate a more brilliant light of the times, and contribute “China-DPRK strength” to promoting world peace, stability, development, and prosperity.
Return to TopBy: 林炜炜
Germany is a global pioneer in the circular economy. In the 1990s, Germany enacted the world’s first comprehensive law regulating the circular economy. Currently, the turnover of Germany’s circular economy sector is approximately 105 billion euros, employing about 310,000 people. After more than 30 years of continuous promotion, Germany has formed a circular economy system centered on “reduce, reuse, recycle,” covering the entire process from production to consumption. Germany’s practice provides a useful reference for countries worldwide to advance the circular economy and achieve green, low-carbon transformation.
Germany’s vigorous development of the circular economy stems from the deep-seated pressures of resource endowment and industrial structure. First, its high dependence on external resources. Germany is a country relatively poor in natural resources, importing a large quantity of raw materials needed for industrial production. Against the backdrop of increasing uncertainty in the supply of critical raw materials, building a waste recycling system is directly related to national resource security. Second, the shrinking space for waste disposal. Germany’s land area is limited, and landfill space is extremely scarce. Since 2005, the direct landfilling of untreated household waste has been banned. Achieving waste reduction and resource recovery through the circular economy is related to the sustainability of economic and social operations. Third, industrial competitiveness faces the challenge of reshaping. Amid the restructuring of global green rules, the production costs of traditional resource-intensive industries continue to rise. Germany must transition its production model to a circular one to offset cost pressures and enhance industrial resilience. Fourth, the EU policy framework continuously exerts pressure. The EU has successively issued the “European Zero Waste Plan” and the “Circular Economy Package,” gradually elevating circular economy requirements from policy advocacy to mandatory rules. As the EU’s largest industrial economy, Germany faces pressure to meet standards first, embarking on a path of transformation to reshape its industrial system through the circular economy. The key measures taken are as follows.
Establish a systematic and comprehensive legal system for the circular economy. In 1996, Germany enacted the world’s first “Circular Economy and Waste Management Act,” placing resource protection and waste management side by side as legislative objectives. On this basis, it built a circular economy legal system covering all fields: the “Packaging Act” stipulates that packaging materials must be registered and minimum recycling rate requirements met; the “Battery Act” requires battery producers to assume responsibility for collection and disposal; the “Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act” extends producer responsibility for electronic waste; and the “End-of-Life Vehicle Ordinance” requires that the recycling rate of vehicle materials reach over 85%. The “National Circular Economy Strategy,” released in December 2024, systematically plans the key areas and implementation pathways for the circular economy over the next ten years. Germany has formed a clearly layered and comprehensive legal system, providing long-term stable institutional expectations for the development of the circular economy.
Build a waste collection system covering the entire process. Germany has established the world’s most refined waste sorting and collection system. At the source stage, it promotes the market-oriented “Green Dot” packaging collection system, which operates on the principle of industry self-governance. In this model, the Green Dot company, composed of packaging manufacturers, collects licensing fees from companies that use their packaging, which is then used for the collection and treatment of packaging waste. The Green Dot company has an annual turnover of over 350 million euros, taking full responsibility for the collection, sorting, and actual recycling of high-value materials throughout the entire process. At the consumption stage, a strict waste sorting system is implemented. Residents must separate their waste into categories such as biowaste, packaging waste, paper, glass, and residual waste, achieving a high accuracy rate. Used electronic products and batteries are collected through dedicated collection points. It is precisely this comprehensive collection system covering generation, collection, sorting, and reuse that has kept Germany’s per capita waste generation at a low level in Europe for a long time.
Use market mechanisms to stimulate the endogenous impetus for corporate circular transformation. Germany focuses on driving the circular economy through price signals and competition mechanisms. The carbon price signal formed by the EU Emissions Trading System continuously raises the cost of using virgin materials, gradually narrowing the cost gap with recycled materials. Enterprises, based on cost-benefit comparisons, independently choose to increase the proportion of recycled materials. In the packaging sector, the licensing fee charged by the Green Dot company to packaging users increases with the difficulty of recycling, guiding enterprises to proactively adopt packaging designs that are easy to recycle. In the end-of-life vehicle sector, vehicle models that fail to meet the material recycling rate target face market access restrictions. In September 2025, the European Parliament passed the “Regulation on Circularity Requirements for Vehicle Design and on the Management of End-of-Life Vehicles” (new ELV Regulation), requiring that within ten years of the new regulation taking effect, the proportion of recycled plastics in the plastics used in each new model shall not be less than 25%. Germany embeds market logic into circular economy governance, achieving a win-win for both environmental benefits and corporate competitiveness.
After decades of construction, Germany’s circular economy construction has achieved fruitful results, realizing a two-way empowerment of ecological and economic benefits. On the one hand, the level of resource recycling leads the EU, with outstanding ecological outcomes. Germany’s municipal solid waste recycling rate has long been stable at 67%, with landfill disposal accounting for less than 1%, nearly achieving the goal of “zero landfill” for solid waste. Recycling performance in specific sectors is outstanding: the overall recycling rate for packaging waste exceeds 75%, among which the plastic packaging recycling rate reaches 70%, significantly surpassing the statutory assessment target of 63%; the electronic waste recycling rate is as high as 85%, notably superior to the EU average. On the other hand, green industries are upgrading and expanding, with economic value continuously being released. The annual output value of Germany’s circular economy sector has exceeded 100 billion euros. Patents related to waste resource recovery are steadily increasing, and technological research and development strength ranks among the top in the world. Germany’s practice in developing the circular economy provides important inspiration for countries worldwide to advance green transformation and cultivate circular industries.
Improve the legal system to consolidate the foundation for circular economy development. Germany strengthens top-level institutional design, building a circular economy legal system with clear rights and responsibilities and coherent hierarchical levels. It coordinates multiple dimensions of legal constraints, industry regulation, and strategic guidance, establishing a systematic governance framework. Through the rule of law, it clarifies government-enterprise rights and responsibilities and solidifies development rules, relying on rigid institutions to eliminate policy fluctuation risks and smooth out investment uncertainty in green industries. Relying on top-down institutional empowerment, it rationalizes industrial development rules, stabilizes long-term market expectations, consolidates the institutional foundation for the steady and sustained development of the circular economy, and provides reliable institutional guarantees for the green transformation of entire industries. This reveals that the circular economy is a long-term and systematic project. Scattered policy support cannot generate lasting momentum; the rule of law is the primary prerequisite for development. Promoting the circular economy should avoid problems such as policy fluctuations and ambiguous rules, and build a legal system where top-level legislation, specific regulations, and long-term planning complement each other. It is necessary to both solidify foundational legislation, clarifying guidelines for resource utilization and waste disposal, and fill gaps in specialized regulations for key areas, refining industry control standards. Rely on the rigidity of the rule of law to standardize administrative actions, clarify the boundaries of rights and responsibilities, stabilize industry development expectations, and ensure the stable and long-term development of the circular economy.
Compress main responsibilities and activate market mechanisms to empower industrial transformation. Germany balances institutional constraints with market regulation, coordinating efforts to cultivate momentum for circular economy development. On the one hand, it clarifies the rights and responsibilities for pollution control, implements the polluter-pays mechanism, allocates the cost of waste treatment to the production end, compresses the main responsibility of enterprises for pollution control, and reduces the financial burden. On the other hand, it weakens administrative intervention, relies on market prices and competition rules to regulate production behavior, rationalizes the logic of cost transmission, uses economic benefits to guide enterprises to spontaneously carry out green transformation, and activates the endogenous impetus for industrial transformation. This reveals that to improve the quality and efficiency of the circular economy, it is necessary to both compress responsibilities at the source and rationalize the relationship between government and enterprises, avoiding the government taking everything on itself. On the one hand, improve the extended producer responsibility mechanism, break the inertia of the government financially covering pollution control in a blanket manner, promote front-end green innovation in industry, and reduce solid waste emissions at the source. On the other hand, clarify the boundaries between administrative supervision and the market, reduce mandatory controls, and make good use of price leverage and competitive subsidy tools. Promote the internalization of external costs of environmental damage, open up channels for realizing green benefits, solve the problem of profitability in the circular industry, guide enterprises from passive compliance to active transformation, and achieve the dual unity of ecological benefits and operational benefits.
Fine-tune the collection system to build the carrier for circular economy implementation. Germany adheres to the concept of whole-chain governance, coordinating both public governance and industrial governance, and building a standardized and integrated waste collection system. Breaking through the limitations of scattered and fragmented disposal models, it coordinates the operational logic of the entire resource recovery process, balancing the cultivation of public habits at the livelihood end with the practical implementation at the industrial end, optimizing the cost structure of resource utilization, amplifying the economic value of renewable resources, and consolidating the foundational support for the grounded operation of the circular economy. This reveals that the circular economy is a whole-chain collaborative project, and the end-of-pipe collection system determines the practical effectiveness of the industry. Developing the circular economy cannot emphasize legislation while neglecting implementation, nor rashly optimize a single link. It is necessary to coordinate the construction of the entire chain of collection, transportation, sorting, recycling, and utilization. It is necessary to both improve grassroots waste sorting infrastructure, cultivate green habits among the public, and reduce source sorting costs; and cultivate specialized market entities for recycling, fill gaps in the infrastructure for resource recovery and disposal. Efforts must be intensified to coordinate institutional norms with practical technologies, rationalize the upstream and downstream linkage mechanisms, reduce transaction costs in the circular economy, and ensure the stable operation of the circular economy.
Return to TopBy: 李楠
Recently, results from multiple opinion polls across different countries show that European society generally recognizes China’s value as a cooperative partner, regarding our country as a reliable external partner; U.S. public goodwill toward China is steadily recovering, with popular favorability entering a stable upward trajectory; and the vast “Global South” countries highly endorse China’s development path, viewing it as a high-quality development reference suited to their own national conditions.
Looking at public opinion data from all regions of the world, the international community’s favorability toward China is continuously rising. First, European opinion has markedly increased its attention to China. In March of this year, a joint report by U.S. Politico and the British polling firm Public First pointed out that among traditional U.S. allies such as Canada and Germany, more than half of respondents believe China is more reliable than the United States, and that the 21st century is more likely to belong to China. A joint survey by the European Council on Foreign Relations and the University of Oxford also confirmed that over 50% of respondents believe China’s global influence will continue to grow. Second, U.S. public attitudes toward China are undergoing a rational correction, with favorability rising for several consecutive years. Data released by Gallup in April showed that China’s global leadership approval rating is 5 percentage points higher than that of the United States, the largest gap in mutual recognition between China and the U.S. in nearly 20 years. The Pew Research Center also confirmed that U.S. public favorability toward China has risen for three consecutive years; the proportion of respondents who view China as a “competitor” or “partner” has increased significantly, while the proportion viewing it as an “enemy” has dropped markedly. Third, public recognition of China in Asia, Africa, and Latin America has increased, shifting from watching from the sidelines to active identification. In Southeast Asia, 41.9% of ASEAN respondents expressed confidence in China serving as a leader of the “Global South”; in Northeast Asia, South Korean public favorability toward China hit a six-year high (30.2 points), surpassing that toward the United States (29.6 points) for the first time; approximately 60% of African citizens hold a positive view of China’s political and economic influence in Africa, with Africans regarding China as the most popular model for national development; in Latin America, China is the only major power to achieve positive growth in reputation, with 36% of Latin American citizens viewing China as “the best development model to emulate.”
The overall improvement in international perceptions of China is the inevitable result of multiple factors working together under the macro trend of “the world turning its gaze eastward.” First, China’s rapid development demonstrates its strength. Currently, the global economic recovery is weak, with many countries facing multiple difficulties such as sluggish growth, high inflation, and declining livelihoods. China, however, has consistently adhered to a high-quality development direction, using its strong economic resilience to continuously inject stable momentum into global economic growth, thereby earning broad international recognition and trust through tangible development achievements. In particular, in the field of technological innovation, China has persistently tackled tough problems and broken through technical bottlenecks. A large number of high-quality Chinese manufactured goods—new energy vehicles, photovoltaic products, smart devices, and so on—have gone abroad and reached global markets, bringing convenience to people’s daily lives in various countries while also showing the world China’s innovation vitality and development potential. These have become a solid foundation for the shift in perceptions of China. Second, China acts as a responsible major country. Against the backdrop of global turbulence, escalating conflicts in multiple hotspots, and increased risks of camp confrontation, China has consistently adhered to an independent foreign policy of peace, put into practice the concept of global governance based on extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, and injected certainty into an uncertain world with its stable, reliable, and trustworthy major-country demeanor. From promoting high-quality Belt and Road cooperation to successively proposing four major global initiatives, China has always stood on the right side of history and on the side of human civilization progress, never fanning flames or seeking selfish gains. This proactive, responsible, sincere, and pragmatic major-country posture has won understanding and recognition from more and more people in different countries. Third, China-foreign exchanges have deepened. China has continuously optimized measures to facilitate entry, relaxing visa restrictions, simplifying entry procedures, and promoting people-to-people exchanges, allowing more foreign citizens the opportunity to visit China and personally experience China’s development achievements and social landscape, breaking down cognitive barriers through firsthand experience. In addition, social platforms such as TikTok and Xiaohongshu (小红书), with their vivid, down-to-earth communication methods, convey Chinese lifestyles, Chinese development, and Chinese culture to global youth in an accessible and intuitive way, effectively helping overseas citizens gradually move from “seeing China” to “identifying with China.”
This positive trend in perceptions of China, covering both developed and developing countries, is a universal global tendency. In response, we should consolidate and deepen this favorable situation, continuously promoting the development of global perceptions of China in a more positive, objective, and rational direction.
Build a differentiated communication matrix to precisely meet the cognitive needs of different regions. For the European public opinion arena, focus on common issues such as multilateralism, global governance, technological innovation, and people-to-people exchange, establishing an image of China as a responsible, cooperative, and rule-abiding major country. For the North American public opinion arena, adhere to a fact-based approach, emphasizing trade and economic mutual benefit and people-to-people exchange, projecting an image of a rational, pragmatic, predictable, and non-confrontational major country. For the Asian public opinion arena, leverage geographical and cultural advantages, focusing on common goals such as development and revitalization, regional cooperation, and improvement of people’s livelihoods, combined with vivid examples such as visa-free facilitation and infrastructure connectivity, to shape the image of a friendly and mutually beneficial neighbor. For the “Global South” public opinion arena, focus on development models, poverty reduction experience, and equal cooperation, highlighting the actual effects of cooperation such as infrastructure construction, technical assistance, and mutual benefit, responding to countries’ demands for independent development and safeguarding sovereignty and independence, and strengthening the identity of China as a trustworthy partner and companion on the path of development.
Cultivate non-governmental cooperation carriers to activate the endogenous impetus for cognitive change. Strengthen the carrier of cultural tourism experience: relying on two-way visa-free policies, encourage overseas citizens to personally experience China’s safety, convenience, development vitality, and cultural charm, making “coming to China” the starting point for cognitive transformation. Deepen the carrier of youth interaction: through social media platforms, carry out lightweight, interactive communication, promote peer dialogue and cultural co-creation, and use the power of youth to strengthen the foundation of friendship, making youth exchange a lasting driving force for favorable perceptions toward China. Expand the carrier of sister cities at the local level: deepen pairing cooperation between Chinese and foreign provinces, cities, communities, schools, and hospitals; using grounded, perceptible cooperation results, make local exchanges an important window for enhancing favorable perceptions of China, and allow positive perceptions of China to grow naturally and be continuously consolidated through non-governmental exchanges.
Build a cognitive feedback mechanism to dynamically optimize promotion strategies. First, establish a multi-source data collection system. Track long-term changes in perceptions of China across different regions and groups worldwide, regularly collate various poll data and public opinion trends, and promptly capture new characteristics and trends in the evolution of perceptions. Second, improve a layered and categorized mechanism for analysis and judgment. Aiming at the cognitive differences among different regions, groups, and communication media, carry out targeted thematic analysis, focusing on analyzing the deep causes of improving public attitudes, the logic of public opinion hotspot evolution, and the reception effects of various communication content, precisely identifying the shortcomings and direction of communication work. Third, build a mechanism for rapid response and dynamic adjustment. Based on previous data feedback and analysis results, flexibly adjust regional communication strategies: increase the delivery of high-quality content for positive trends, promptly correct and guide cognitive biases, and take the initiative to speak out and respond positively to hot issues of concern. Finally, improve the mechanism for effect evaluation and iteration. Take factors such as fluctuations in poll data, public favorability levels, online interaction heat, and public identification as core metrics, sort out replicable successful experiences, fill communication shortcomings and weaknesses, continuously improve the precision and effectiveness of international communication, and promote global perceptions of China to develop in a more positive and objective direction.
Return to TopBy: 曾毅
In Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, among the Fourteen Persistences (十四个坚持), "staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission (不忘初心、牢记使命)" is a new expression. First, its newness lies in its broader connotation. The original aspiration and mission of "seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation" set forth the basic foothold and historical significance of the Party's century-plus struggle within the relationship between the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people, and the Chinese nation. Second, its newness lies in its higher rank. In the general-specific-general structure of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, "staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission" is the last item in the general section. This arrangement corresponds to the earlier "the rivers and mountains are the people, the people are the rivers and mountains (江山就是人民、人民就是江山)," which was adjusted upward in ordering, clearly elucidating the Party's fundamental purpose, stance, and value orientation, and possesses overarching and commanding significance.
To stay true to the original aspiration and founding mission is, in the final analysis, the question of for whom and by whom.
Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has placed exceptional importance on the issue of the original aspiration and mission and has expounded on it with great thoroughness. On November 29, 2012, while visiting the exhibition "The Road to Rejuvenation," General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the "Chinese Dream" of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. On July 1, 2016, at the celebration of the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping solemnly issued the great call to the entire Party to "stay true to the original aspiration and continue marching forward." The report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC incorporated "staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind" into the theme of the congress and elucidated the connotation of the original aspiration and mission. In 2019, the whole Party carried out the education campaign on "staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind." The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee included "establishing a system for staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind" into the Party's leadership system construction and placed it at the top. The report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC issued the great call of the "three imperatives (三个务必)" to the entire Party, among which "must stay true to the original aspiration and keep the mission firmly in mind" was listed first.
The original aspiration and mission of the Communist Party of China is the concentrated embodiment of the Party's nature, purpose, ideals, beliefs, and goals, clearly reflecting the strong sense of mission commitment inherent in Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, and demonstrating a high sense of responsibility toward the Party, the country, the nation, the people, and history. No matter how far we go forward, we must not forget the road we have traveled; no matter how far we go or how glorious the future we reach, we must not forget the past we have passed through, nor forget why we set out. The small red boat carried a thousand jun – where was it setting sail? In 1925, Mao Zedong wrote in the inaugural issue of Political Weekly: "Why do we make revolution? To win liberation for the Chinese nation, to realize the rule of the people, and to bring economic happiness to the people." In 1927, Li Dazhao wrote in his "Autobiography in Prison": "From the time I bound my hair and received books, I have resolved to strive for the cause of national liberation." Its beginning was simple, but its end will be great. The century-plus glorious history of the Communist Party of China is a history of践行 the Party's original aspiration and mission, a history of the Party being heart-to-heart with the people, breathing the same air, and sharing the same fate. The fundamental reason why our Party, when it was so weak, could gradually grow and develop, could rise from desperate situations again and again in the midst of bloody storms, and could continuously advance from victory to victory while tackling tough problems and overcoming difficulties, is that whether in favorable or adverse circumstances, it has always firmly adhered to its original aspiration and mission, advanced unswervingly toward this goal, and thereby won the heartfelt support and firm backing of the people.
After the conclusion of the 19th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping led the members of the new Politburo to inspect the site of the First National Congress of the CPC in Shanghai and the red boat on South Lake in Jiaxing, once again issuing the solemn charge to the entire Party: "Only by staying true to the original aspiration can we comfort history and comfort our forebears, can we win the people's hearts and win the times, can we do good work and accomplish things, and forge ahead with indomitable spirit." General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "In the report to the 19th National Congress, I made it clear from the very beginning that we must stay true to the original aspiration and keep the mission firmly in mind. I have stressed this repeatedly since the 18th National Congress, with the purpose of reminding the entire Party not to forget the fundamental question of what the Communist Party of China is and what it must do, and not to lose ourselves or lose our direction amid increasingly complex struggles." The so-called "fundamental question" is the most basic, most important, and most core question. It reflects the qualitative stipulation of things and governs all aspects and links of a thing's development. Therefore, the "fundamental question" is a question of direction, of nature and stance. "Governing a state is like planting a tree; if the root is not shaken, the branches and leaves will flourish." To stay true to the original aspiration and founding mission is, in the final analysis, the question of for whom and by whom, clearly demonstrating the people's standpoint of a Marxist party.
Under the vision of long-term governance, it is an "eternal subject (永恒课题)" and a "lifelong subject (终身课题)."
In July 2019, during an inspection tour in Inner Mongolia and guidance on the education campaign on "staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind," General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "The purpose of carrying out the education campaign on 'staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind' is, in the final analysis, that the Communist Party of China must always seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. Only in this way can our Party govern for a long time, the country enjoy long-term stability and security, and the common people live a happier life." Regarding staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission as an eternal subject for strengthening Party building under the vision of long-term governance and as a lifelong subject for all Party members and cadres carries significant strategic consideration and strategic significance.
As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, we are closer to, more confident in, and more capable of achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history. However, when a ship reaches the middle of the river, the waves are rougher; when one climbs halfway up the mountain, the path is steeper. The original aspiration will not naturally maintain its freshness and quality; if not paid attention, it may become tarnished and fade; if not nourished for a long time, it will dry up and wither. It is easy, as we walk, to forget why we set out and where we are going; it is easy to drift apart and get lost. If we forget our original aspiration and mission, our Party will change its nature and its color, lose the people's hearts, and lose the future.
The question of "for whom and by whom" is the touchstone for testing the nature of a political party and a political power. For a Marxist party in long-term governance, there is no greater danger than forgetting the original aspiration and mission and becoming detached from the people. These major judgments fully draw on the experience and lessons of the rise and fall of Marxist parties. General Secretary Xi Jinping, taking the lesson of the Soviet Communist Party losing its ruling position as a mirror, pointed out that "the complete evaporation of ideals and beliefs" was an important reason why "in that turmoil, not a single one was a real man." History has proved that a Marxist party that has lost its political soul will become a rabble that scatters at the first gust of wind.
In July 2013, during his inspection tour in Hebei to guide the Party's mass line education and practice campaign, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Every time I come to Xibaipo, the thing I think about most is: what were the main considerations behind Comrade Mao Zedong's proposal of the 'two imperatives (两个务必)' back then? Are there areas where our study remains insufficient or not thorough enough?" The "two imperatives" were Mao Zedong's solemn requirement to the entire Party on the eve of the nationwide victory of the Chinese revolution; the "three imperatives" are General Secretary Xi Jinping's solemn call to the Chinese Communists who have embarked on a new journey toward building a strong country and national rejuvenation. From the "two imperatives" to the "three imperatives," from the "road of the exam" to the "new road of the exam," from the "Long March" to the "new Long March," these are imbued with a profound summation of the laws of history, a deep concern for the long-term stability and security of the Party and the state, and a profound understanding of the fundamental purpose of the Communist Party of China. It is precisely based on such historical concern and historical responsibility, and in response to a series of prominent problems in Party governance before and after the 18th National Congress, that General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized seeing the essence through the phenomena. From the height of the Party's ruling capacity and ruling foundation, we must examine the severe challenges posed by the prominent problems within the Party. Adhering to staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission sets forth inherent requirements for deploying the new great project of Party building in the new era with a view to the Party's long-term governance, the country's long-term stability and security, and the people's well-being and happiness.
It is the fundamental driving force that inspires Communists to forge ahead.
The original aspiration and mission of the Communist Party of China is the fundamental driving force that inspires Chinese Communists to advance wave upon wave and fight bravely. In his speech at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the "great founding spirit of the Party (伟大建党精神)," listing it as the source and living water of the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists. Each great spirit, each piece of red memory, and each revolutionary site not only carries the original aspiration and mission of generations of Chinese Communists over the century-long history but also serves as an inexhaustible spiritual driving force to temper us to continue staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission. In July 2016, during an inspection tour in Ningxia, General Secretary Xi Jinping made a special trip to the Jiangtaibao meeting point of the Red Army's Long March, declaring his will and determination to "remember the martyrs, stay true to the original aspiration, and walk the new Long March." Subsequently, at the East-West Poverty Alleviation and Cooperation Symposium held in Yinchuan, General Secretary Xi Jinping made an analogy: "Just as the Liupan Mountains were the last high mountain the Red Army had to cross during the Long March, lifting all of the remaining more than 50 million impoverished people in the country out of poverty is the last high mountain we must cross to win the battle against poverty." From the Long March spirit to the spirit of fighting poverty, the original aspiration has not changed; the mission is always shouldered. General Secretary Xi Jinping once said with emotion, "Over 70 years since the founding of New China, we have gone through all kinds of hardships and dangers, encountered various difficulties and challenges, and we have come through them all by staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind."
The original aspiration and mission of the Communist Party of China must be implemented in action and tested in practice. General Secretary Xi Jinping integrates the original aspiration and mission of the Communist Party of China with the outlook on modernization and the outlook on development: "Seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation – this is both the starting point and the落脚点 of our Party's leadership in modernization, and it is also the 'root' and 'soul' of the new development philosophy." The people-centered development thought is not an abstract or esoteric concept; it cannot remain only in rhetoric or停留在 the level of ideas. Rather, it must be embodied in every link of economic and social development, in the requirements of high-quality development and the new development philosophy in the new era. The new development philosophy emphasizes not judging heroes solely by GDP, freeing development from "number games" or "speed games," so that development is for the people, by the people, and its fruits are shared by the people, ensuring that the Party's ruling foundation is as solid as a rock in bringing benefits to the people. Bringing benefits to the people is the essential requirement of building the Party for the public interest and exercising governance for the people. The entire Party must regard bringing benefits to the people as the greatest achievement, always place the people in the highest position in their hearts, establish and practice a correct view of achievements, walk the mass line well in the new era, improve their ability to do mass work, and continuously enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security.
Establish a system for staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind. Institutional construction is fundamental, comprehensive, stable, and long-term. To ensure that the original aspiration and mission that the Party has passed down like a torch for over a century never deteriorates or fades, it is necessary to work hard on establishing rules and regulations, consolidating the roots and strengthening the foundation, and building a solid institutional foundation for the Party's long-term governance and the country's long-term stability and security. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee pointed out that a system for staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind should be established. This is a strategic move and a long-term plan to ensure that our Party remains full of vitality and vigor in the new era and new journey. It is necessary to adhere to and improve the study system of theoretical study groups of Party committees (Party groups), establish a mechanism for implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions and directives, arm the entire Party with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, educate the people, and guide work, thereby consolidating the ideological foundation for staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind; it is necessary to strictly abide by the Party Constitution, earnestly implement the "Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life under the New Situation," and encourage Party members and cadres to use the original aspiration and mission to temper a political character of loyalty, integrity, and responsibility; it is necessary to vigorously promote theoretical innovation, practical innovation, and institutional innovation to ensure that all work of the Party always faithfully embodies the Party's original aspiration and mission; it is necessary to improve an authoritative and efficient institutional implementation mechanism, strengthen supervision over institutional implementation, and promote the institutionalization of staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind.
Return to TopBy: 王秀涵
In recent years, disciplinary inspection and supervisory organs in multiple localities have continuously investigated and dealt with cases of hidden corruption involving disguised bribery in the name of borrowing (以借为名), using the banner of "borrowing" to carry out the transfer of benefits (利益输送) through false loans and other means. In 2025, the website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and National Supervisory Commission (中央纪委国家监委) published a case: in early 2021, Jin Tianxiang (靳天翔), former deputy general manager of Zaoyang State-owned Investment Group in Hubei (湖北枣阳市国投集团), borrowed 1 million yuan from business owner Wang (王某), who had sought his help on a project, on the pretext of purchasing a house. There was no standard contract, and no interest or repayment term was agreed upon. Jin Tianxiang had repeatedly used his authority to seek benefits for Wang's enterprise. Based on relevant judicial minutes, this sum was determined to be disguised bribery. In May 2024, Jin Tianxiang was expelled from the Party and from public office. In January of the following year, he was sentenced to four years and three months in prison and fined 210,000 yuan for the crimes of bribery and bid rigging. In 2019, the website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and National Supervisory Commission published another case: Liu Guangzhong (刘光忠), former Party secretary of Guankou Town, Jimei District, Xiamen (厦门市集美区灌口镇), used his authority over project approval and village-level personnel management to borrow money from management and service targets for personal gain under the pretext of purchasing a car and buying a house for family members. In 2012, he borrowed 100,000 yuan from village director Liu (刘某); in 2013, after coordinating project and law enforcement matters for business owner Ye (叶某), he borrowed 1 million yuan, issuing only a simple IOU with no interest or repayment term. Although Liu Guangzhong had ample assets, he failed to repay the loans for a long time, and the lenders dared not press for repayment because they had requests to make of him. Combining the determination standards of the judicial minutes, both loans were identified as bribery. Liu Guangzhong received the "double expulsion" (双开) punishment (expulsion from the Party and from public office) and was held criminally liable.
Reviewing similar cases reported by disciplinary inspection and supervisory commissions across localities, it can be seen that the disguised bribery behavior "in the name of borrowing" has the following manifestations: First, there is a clear management-service relationship between the borrower and lender; the lender has matters that require the borrower to use his authority to provide convenience. Second, the reasons for borrowing are mostly false or exaggerated, and the funds are actually used for personal investment or squandering. Third, large-sum borrowing procedures are crude, with no standard loan contract, and no agreement on interest or repayment term. Fourth, the borrower has sufficient repayment ability but refuses to repay for a long time, and the lender dares not demand repayment because of vested interests. Fifth, methods such as adjusting enterprise accounts and third-party transfers are used to conceal the flow of funds, deliberately blurring the connection between power and money transactions. Such acts are cloaked in the legitimate guise of civil lending, have strong concealment, are difficult to obtain evidence, and easily blur the boundary between discipline and law violations, causing Party members and cadres to develop the mistaken belief that "this is just private borrowing, not bribery." This is a prominent pathological focus that must be closely monitored and rectified in the current drive to improve Party conduct, build integrity, and combat corruption (党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争).
In response to the hidden corruption of disguised bribery "in the name of borrowing," intra-Party regulations, the Law on Administrative Discipline for Public Officials (公职人员政务处分法), and criminal judicial interpretations have jointly constructed a complete normative system, clearly delineating the red line of conduct and clearly distinguishing between normal civil lending and disguised bribery. The "Summary of the National Courts Symposium on Trial of Economic Crime Cases" (全国法院审理经济犯罪案件工作座谈会纪要) establishes a unified statutory determination standard for bribery "in the name of borrowing," clarifying that the authenticity of a loan cannot be determined solely by surface materials such as IOUs or transfer records; a comprehensive assessment must be conducted in conjunction with the elements of the loan. Article 29 of the "Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Actions" (中国共产党纪律处分条例) stipulates: "When a Party organization discovers during disciplinary review that a Party member has committed illegal acts suspected of crimes such as embezzlement, bribery, abuse of power, dereliction of duty, power rent-seeking (权力寻租), transfer of benefits, graft, waste of state assets, etc., the Party organization shall impose sanctions of removal from internal Party posts, probation within the Party, or expulsion from the Party." Article 99 stipulates: "Borrowing money, housing, vehicles, etc. from management and service targets that may affect the impartial performance of official duties – if the circumstances are relatively serious, a warning or serious warning shall be given; if the circumstances are serious, removal from internal Party posts, probation within the Party, or expulsion from the Party shall be given. Obtaining large returns through civil lending and other financial activities that may affect the impartial performance of official duties shall be handled in accordance with the preceding paragraph." Various intra-Party documents and disciplinary and legal provisions clearly delineate the red line for economic interactions of Party members and cadres; any act of power rent-seeking through civil lending will not escape accountability.
A small number of Party members and cadres regard large-sum borrowing from management and service targets and high-interest lending as harmless "gray trivial matters," but this type of hidden corruption causes damage in many aspects. First, it corrupts the internal political ecosystem of the Party. Some Party members and cadres proclaim integrity on the stage, but behind the scenes rely on their authority to seek personal gain, undermining the clean and upright (风清气正) political environment. Second, it disrupts the fair business environment. Enterprises transfer benefits in exchange for policy and regulatory convenience, raising hidden market costs, fostering the unspoken rule of handling matters through personal connections, squeezing the development space of small and micro enterprises, and hindering high-quality development. Third, it damages the relationship between the Party and the masses and between cadres and the masses. Public power should be used to serve the people, but some Party members and cadres use borrowing to seek personal gain, not only breeding the risk of power rent-seeking but also shaking the people's foundation of trust in the fairness of power, harming the credibility of Party committees and governments.
Looking at the cases, the occurrence of disguised bribery "in the name of borrowing" is caused by the following factors. First, weak ideals and convictions, and poor ability to distinguish between discipline and law. Some cadres perfunctorily study theory, lose the defense line of integrity, and cannot distinguish the boundary between public and private borrowing. Second, lack of reverence for discipline and harboring of luck. Some Party members and cadres mistakenly believe that IOUs can cover up power-money transactions, underestimate the investigative methods of disciplinary inspection and supervision such as big data verification and clue concatenation, and touch the red line of integrity. Third, daily supervision is lax and soft, and pre-emptive prevention and control are absent. Some Party organizations' verification of personal matters becomes a mere formality, information sharing among various types of supervision is not smooth, and early signs of illegal borrowing are not promptly corrected. Fourth, there are shortcomings in the system. Detailed norms for related fund flows are imperfect, and the reporting and verification mechanisms for large-sum borrowing need improvement.
To rectify the hidden corruption of disguised bribery "in the name of borrowing," it is necessary to simultaneously advance both symptom treatment and root cause treatment, coordinate the entire chain of measures including ideological education, disciplinary enforcement and case handling, supervision and control, and institutional improvement, and comprehensively advance the mechanisms that ensure officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to be corrupt (不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐).
Further consolidate ideological education and conduct targeted warning education. Normalize the study of innovative theories and integrity discipline, making the risks of illegal borrowing and the criteria for identifying hidden bribery required courses in cadre training. For key positions such as "first-in-command" (一把手), young cadres, and those in approval enforcement, organize study of typical cases of borrowing bribery, explain in detail the disciplinary and legal determination standards, clarify the boundary between normal borrowing from relatives and friends and fund flows with management and service targets, break cadres' luck mentality, and guide cadres to regulate economic interactions and strictly guard the bottom line of integrity. Strictly enforce discipline and handle cases, continuously strengthen high-pressure deterrence. Integrate the forces of disciplinary inspection, audit, finance, taxation and other departments, use big data to penetrate and verify fund and asset information, and accurately identify abnormal exchanges such as large-sum interest-free loans and high-interest lending. Weave a tight supervision network, move the defense line forward to grasp early and grasp small (抓早抓小). Consolidate the main responsibility of Party organizations, include illegal borrowing in daily political supervision, strictly verify leading cadres' personal matters, and promptly conduct talks, letters of inquiry, admonishment and reminders when illegal fund flows are discovered. Build multi-department information sharing and clue transfer channels, expand channels for public and media supervision, make good use of the "four forms" of oversight and discipline (监督执纪“四种形态”), and promptly address hidden dangers of borrowing through integrity talks and home visits. Improve institutional mechanisms, compress the space for rent-seeking at the source. Simultaneously hold accountable units and individuals who perform poorly in system implementation, and block the loophole of benefit transfer through borrowing at the institutional level. Advance the simplification of administration and delegation of power in key areas such as approval and supervision, reducing the abuse of power.
Comprehensively enforcing strict Party governance (全面从严治党) is always on the way, and the Party's self-reform (党的自我革命) has only a present tense, no perfect tense. The trend of hidden mutation and renovation and upgrading of corrupt methods will not subside on its own, and the anti-corruption struggle situation remains severe and complex. All Party members and cadres must always keep the string of integrity and self-discipline taut, constantly hold reverence in their hearts, constantly think of the harm of greed, clearly distinguish the disciplinary boundary between normal interactions with relatives and friends and fund borrowing from management and service targets, consciously clarify the line between public and private, strictly regulate all economic interactions both within and outside the eight-hour workday, actively purify their social circles, life circles, and friend circles, and hold the first gate of clean governance. Party organizations at all levels must resolutely shoulder the main responsibility for governing the Party and managing the Party, adhere to the strict tone without wavering, coordinate the advancement of ideological warning education, all-round supervision and restraint, and long-term institutional improvement, adopt a multi-pronged approach (多管齐下) and systematic treatment (系统施治), continuously deeply excavate and rectify the hidden and mutated corrupt chaos of benefit transfer through civil lending. Only by persevering (持之以恒) in rectifying work style, enforcing discipline, and combating corruption (正风肃纪反腐), and comprehensively advancing the mechanisms that ensure officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to be corrupt, can we continuously cultivate a good political ecosystem of upholding integrity, rejecting corruption, and being clean and upright (崇廉拒腐、风清气正), continuously consolidate the Party's governing foundation, and build a solid and lasting disciplinary guarantee for regional economic and social high-quality development.
Return to TopBy: 蒋茜
Building a long-term governing Marxist party is a major topical question of the era addressed by Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building. As the fourth of the "Fourteen Persistences" within Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building, "persisting in not forgetting the original intention and remaining true to the mission" is a concentrated embodiment of the Party's nature and purpose, ideals and beliefs, and struggle goals, profoundly answering the purpose, stance, and value orientation of this major topical question of the era. The Communist Party of China is a party armed with Marxism, which has always taken seeking happiness for the Chinese people and seeking rejuvenation for the Chinese nation as its original intention and mission, engraving them upon its flags and integrating them into its very lifeblood. As a century-old Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has admonished the entire Party that "the longer one governs in the long term, the more one must not lose the essential character of a Marxist party, and the more one must not forget the Party's original intention and mission." Persisting in not forgetting the original intention and remaining true to the mission is both a truth-based adherence rooted in scientific theory, a historical enlightenment originating from a century of Party history, and, moreover, a practical requirement based on long-term governance.
A Marxist party is a party organized around common beliefs, marked significantly by a people-centered stance and taking the realization of the liberation of the proletariat and all humanity as its struggle goal; this fundamentally determines that adhering to the original intention and mission is an inherent essential requirement of a Marxist party. This original intention and mission stem not only from a deep concern for the destiny of humanity but even more from an unswerving pursuit of truth. Marxism creatively revealed the general laws of human social development, revealed the specific laws of capitalist operation, demonstrated the historical inevitability of socialism, and clarified that the masses of the people are the creators of history and the fundamental force of social change, pointing out the direction and path for achieving human liberation. It is precisely the high degree of unity between the scientific nature and the people-centered nature of Marxism that determines that the Party's original intention and mission are established upon scientific truths that follow objective laws and conform to the general trend of history. "Persisting in not forgetting the original intention and remaining true to the mission" requires fortifying the theoretical foundation, using the scientific theory of Marxism to consolidate the foundation and nourish the essence, to consolidate the heart and forge the soul, and using the Party's innovative theories to nourish the original intention and lead the mission.
The century-old history of the Communist Party of China is a history of practicing the original intention and mission and relying on the people to forge ahead bravely. Although the specific goals and work tasks of different historical periods have varied, they have all consistently served the Party's original intention and mission, thereby winning the support and backing of the people, consolidating the wisdom and strength of the people, and realizing the great leaps of the Chinese nation from standing up, to becoming prosperous, to becoming strong; this is the core code of our Party's ability to survive through wind and rain and to grow and expand continuously. In his speech at the meeting celebrating the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping succinctly summarized the excellent qualities of the Communist Party of China, which included two great excellent qualities: "deeply rooted in the people, always possessing a solid foundation" and "bravely undertaking historical missions, always grasping strategic initiative," precisely interpreting the spiritual background of the Party in its century of struggle, where the original intention is passed down from generation to generation and the mission is continuously carried forward in a relay. The century-old Party history contains rich and precious historical experience and governing wisdom; the key to "persisting in not forgetting the original intention and remaining true to the mission" lies in studying deeply and understanding thoroughly the century of history of the Communist Party of China, and strengthening ideals and beliefs from the Party's extraordinary history to inspire the original intention and mission.
The value of the original intention and mission lies in the 知行合一 (zhī xíng hé yī - "knowing and acting as one," the unity of knowledge and action), which requires not only every member of the Party to strictly abide by and practice them, but also requires perfecting and developing intra-Party systems and forming long-term mechanisms to ensure that the original intention and mission are transformed into the Party's specific practices of state governance and administration. Since the new era, the entire Party's understanding of the original intention and mission has continuously deepened, and systems have been continuously perfected. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China formally proposed the major proposition of "not forgetting the original intention and remaining true to the mission"; the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed "establishing a system for not forgetting the original intention and remaining true to the mission"; the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China placed "must be sure to not forget the original intention and remain true to the mission" at the head of the "Three Musts," highlighting its important epochal value and practical requirements. Our Party led the people to win the battle against poverty historically, to comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and to solidly promote common prosperity for all people, demonstrating the people-centered sentiment and responsibility of a century-old Party through practical achievements.
On the new journey, "persisting in not forgetting the original intention and remaining true to the mission" requires deeply studying and implementing Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building, firmly establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, and continuously using practical work and responsibility to temper the original intention and practice the mission, in order to consolidate majestic strength for advancing the Party building of the new era and writing a new chapter of Chinese-style modernization.
Return to TopBy: 胡明艳
In September 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the Scientists Symposium (科学家座谈会): "Scientific achievements cannot be separated from spiritual support. The scientist spirit (科学家精神) is the precious spiritual wealth accumulated by scientific and technological workers in the course of long-term scientific practice." In May 2021, at the Academicians Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering (两院院士大会) and the 10th National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology (中国科协第十次全国代表大会), General Secretary Xi Jinping expressed earnest expectations to the academicians: "The new era needs even more to inherit and carry forward the patriotic spirit that takes the destiny of the nation and the people as its own responsibility, and needs even more to continue to carry forward the scientist spirit with patriotism as its foundation." In June 2024, at the National Science and Technology Conference, the National Science and Technology Award Conference, and the Academicians Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed the need to "vigorously promote the scientist spirit, and encourage the vast number of scientific researchers to aim high, love the country and contribute, and commit to innovation." In July 2026, at the National Science and Technology Award Conference, the Academicians Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the 11th National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology, General Secretary Xi Jinping once again stressed the need to vigorously promote the scientist spirit, and encouraged the academicians of the two academies to play a demonstrative and leading role in practicing the scientist spirit. These important discourses clarify the profound connotation and era value of the scientist spirit, and provide powerful spiritual guidance for building a strong nation in science and technology under the new situation.
On the journey of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation (中华民族伟大复兴), generation after generation of scientists have been devoted to the motherland and the people, fearing no difficulties, and selflessly dedicating themselves, setting up monuments of scientific and technological achievements and also forging a unique spiritual temperament. During the New Democratic Revolution period (新民主主义革命时期), facing the unprecedented crisis of national subjugation and genocide, a group of people with lofty ideals germinated the trend of thought of saving the nation through science, giving birth to a spiritual character marked by "saving the nation through science" (科学救国). After the founding of New China, a large number of outstanding scientists such as Qian Xuesen (钱学森), Hua Luogeng (华罗庚), and Deng Jiaxian (邓稼先) unhesitatingly returned to the motherland, threw themselves wholeheartedly into the construction of New China, and laid the spiritual foundation marked by "serving the nation through science" (科学报国). After reform and opening up, scientists such as Yuan Longping (袁隆平), Wang Xuan (王选), and Tu Youyou (屠呦呦) continued to struggle, threw themselves into the great practice of scientific and technological innovation with deep family-country sentiment, and further formed a spiritual outlook marked by "revitalizing the country through science and education" (科教兴国). Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the vast number of scientific and technological workers have struggled unremittingly, writing their papers on the land of the motherland, shaping the manned spaceflight spirit (载人航天精神), the manned deep-sea diving spirit (载人深潜精神), the lunar exploration spirit (探月精神), the Beidou spirit (北斗精神), etc., and forging the scientist spirit of the new era marked by "building a strong nation through science and technology" (科技强国). In June 2019, the Central Committee General Office and the State Council General Office (中办、国办) issued the Opinions on Further Promoting the Scientist Spirit and Strengthening the Construction of Work Style and Academic Atmosphere (《关于进一步弘扬科学家精神加强作风和学风建设的意见》), requiring vigorous promotion of the patriotic spirit of cherishing the motherland in heart and serving the people, the innovative spirit of scaling heights and daring to be the first, the truth-seeking spirit of pursuing truth and rigorous scholarship, the dedication spirit of being indifferent to fame and fortune and devoting oneself to research, the collaborative spirit of pooling wisdom to tackle key problems and uniting and cooperating, and the nurturing spirit of being willing to be a ladder and rewarding the younger generation. The report of the 20th CPC National Congress and the Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan (十五五规划纲要) also pointed out that it is necessary to "cultivate an innovation culture and promote the scientist spirit." The scientist spirit has taken root and taken hold in China, has been inherited in one continuous line, and has been continuously enriched and developed, gathering a powerful spiritual force for realizing Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化) and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The patriotic spirit of cherishing the motherland in heart and serving the people. The patriotic spirit is the distinct foundation of the Chinese scientist spirit. Qian Xuesen upheld the belief "My career is in China, my achievements are in China, my归宿 (final destination) is in China." Upon learning of the founding of New China, he unhesitatingly decided to give up his scientific research career that was at its peak and his generous treatment and return to China. Although he was unjustifiably detained for as long as five years, he was indomitable and fought tenaciously, finally boarding the "President Cleveland" ship back to the motherland, starting from scratch to lead the assault, making immortal feats for the "two bombs, one satellite" (两弹一星) great cause. Huang Danian (黄大年) practiced the original intention of "revitalizing China is the responsibility of our generation," resolutely gave up favorable overseas conditions and returned to his homeland, studied day and night, and worked selflessly. To save time, he replaced meals with countless roasted corn, almost always took midnight flights for business trips, and persisted in working under umbrellas with students in the sweltering summer rain, finally breaking through the technical blockade of foreign high-precision detection equipment, pushing China to truly enter the "deep earth era," but died young due to overwork. Chen Liquan (陈立泉) urgently responded to the nation's needs, resolutely made a cross-disciplinary career change, and threw himself into the field of solid state ionics, which was completely untouched by anyone in China at the time, starting from a laboratory converted from an abandoned chicken coop, building up from nothing to begin lithium battery scientific research, deeply cultivating for 50 years, completely breaking foreign patent barriers, and laying the foundation for the takeoff of the domestic new energy industry. Science has no borders, but scientists always have a motherland. From the arduous pioneering of "saving the nation through science" to the forging ahead of "building a strong nation through science and technology," the sense of responsibility and belief of cherishing the motherland in heart and serving the people has always been the original aspiration and mission supporting Chinese scientists in their unremitting struggle.
The innovative spirit of scaling heights and daring to be the first. The innovative spirit is the source of power for China's scientific and technological progress. In response to the international assertion of the "Chinese oil poverty theory," Li Siguang (李四光) dared to question, dared to seek truth, insisted on basing himself on China's actual geological conditions, pioneered the theory of geomechanics, organized and established China's independent geological work system, proposed that the three major subsidence zones of the Neocathaysian structural system had good conditions for oil generation and storage, promoted the eastward shift of the petroleum exploration strategy, supported the major discoveries of the Daqing and Shengli oil fields, and made the Chinese people completely bid farewell to the "foreign oil era" (洋油时代). In order to break the domestic people's superstition about foreign brand-name products, Wang Xuan (王选) took "original creation, never imitate others" as his life philosophy, with outstanding technological foresight and innovative courage, dragged his ailing body to consult materials, overcame numerous technical difficulties, skipped the second and third generation phototypesetting systems that were then being explored internationally, and directly developed the fourth generation Chinese character laser phototypesetting system, realizing the historical leap of China's printing industry of "thousand years of lead and fire, overnight light and electricity," creating important conditions for the inheritance and development of Chinese characters and Chinese culture in the information age. Facing the blank in large-scale high-end astronomical equipment in China, Nan Rendong (南仁东) dared to be the first, bearing hardships and labor in the high mountains and ridges of Guizhou for 22 years, personally experiencing site selection, demonstration, project establishment, and construction, leading the overcoming of a series of technical difficulties, building "China's Sky Eye" FAST (中国天眼), and making China a leader in the world's new generation of radio telescopes. Scientific research values innovation. The vast number of scientific and technological workers should establish the ambition to dare to create, dare to propose new theories, open up new fields, explore new paths, and work hard on original uniqueness, in order to truly realize the fundamental transformation of China from a global participant and contributor in science and technology to a pioneer and leader.
The truth-seeking spirit of pursuing truth and rigorous scholarship. The truth-seeking spirit is the essential requirement of all scientific and technological work. Hou Debang (侯德榜), in order to create domestic soda ash, took off his white-collar suit, took the lead and worked together with the workers. Wherever a problem occurred, he appeared there, often working until he was sweaty and smelly, with acid and ammonia smells emanating from his clothes. With his rigorous scholarship attitude of "following through to the end" in everything, he overcame technical difficulties after thousands of failures, established the "Hou's joint alkali production method" (侯氏联合制碱法), broke the Western technological monopoly on China, and added a brilliant stroke to the modernization of China's chemical industry. Lin Qiaozhi (林巧稚) attached great importance to the complexity of the human body and the particularity of individuals, emphasized that "seeing a patient is not repairing a machine," that doctors should not only rely on digital reports to draw conclusions and prescribe prescriptions, and insisted on being on duty regardless of spring, summer, autumn, winter, day and night, making pioneering contributions to China's modern obstetrics and gynecology. Zhong Nanshan (钟南山) advocates that "scientific research can only seek truth from facts, not play safe," daring to treat and speak out to protect lives during major epidemics, "retrograding" to support the front line at over 80 years of age, leading the team to explore and establish a respiratory major infectious disease prevention and control system suited to China's national conditions, interpreting the true meaning of "unparalleled national scholar" (国士无双) with his lifelong commitment. Science takes exploring truth and discovering new knowledge as its mission. A pragmatic and rigorous academic atmosphere is the prerequisite for achievements in scientific research. Only by advocating academic integrity, opposing scientific research impatience, cultivating a clean and righteous scientific research environment, and nurturing a rigorous and truth-seeking scientific culture can the scientific and technological workers of the new era forge technological tools that truly strengthen the country and enrich the people.
The dedication spirit of being indifferent to fame and fortune and devoting oneself to research. The dedication spirit is the concentrated embodiment of the lofty personality of Chinese scientists. Tu Youyou buried herself in ancient texts and laboratories, quietly devoted decades to repeatedly experimenting and extracting artemisinin, selflessly contributed her time, energy, and even health, finally conquering a world-class medical problem and protecting the health of hundreds of millions of people. Huang Xuhua (黄旭华) "vowed to do earth-shaking deeds but was willing to be an anonymous person," in order to keep the highest state secrets, during the more than 30 years of developing the nuclear submarine, he never returned to his hometown once. Until his father died, his family only knew that he worked in Beijing and had a mailbox number. Since ancient times, loyalty and filial piety are hard to have both, but he said: "My comrades and I, this life belongs to the motherland. I have no regrets in this life." "Loyalty to the country is the greatest filial piety to parents." Yuan Longping took "developing hybrid rice to benefit the world's people" as his lifelong pursuit, after more than half a century of tireless research, doing hybrid rice experiments during the day and dreaming of "cooling off under the rice ears" at night, turning the small matter of "farming" into a major event, establishing the super hybrid rice technology system, making outstanding contributions to solving China's food security problem and even the world's food supply problem, rewriting the fate of human food with the power of science and technology. Ben De (贲德) embraced the determination of "as long as I can make radar, I will give anything," kept anonymous and rooted himself at the front line for decades, leading the team in harsh and simple testing grounds to fill technical shortcomings, sharpening the eyes of China's "war eagles," enabling China to rank among the world's radar powers. True innovation is never a smooth path. Only by taking out the composure of "willing to sit on the bench for ten cold years" (板凳甘坐十年冷) and the tenacity of "grinding a sword for ten years" (十年磨一剑), and abandoning the mentality of seeking quick success and instant benefits, can the vast number of scientific and technological workers bring forth more original breakthroughs from "0 to 1."
The collaborative spirit of pooling wisdom to tackle key problems and uniting and cooperating. The collaborative spirit is an inevitable requirement for China's scientific and technological innovation to proceed steadily and far. The historic breakthrough achieved by China's "two bombs, one satellite" undertaking was precisely the collective result of the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee, giving full play to the institutional advantage of concentrating forces to accomplish major tasks, with scientific and technological personnel from 26 ministries and commissions nationwide, more than 20 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, and over 1,000 units collaborating vigorously. The successful development of the C919 large passenger aircraft should first be attributed to the scientists of the project team pooling wisdom to tackle key problems and uniting and cooperating to overcome 102 key core technologies. The leapfrog development of China's space launch capability, represented by the successful launch of the Long March 5 (长征五号) carrier rocket, should also be attributed to the vigorous collaboration and unity of mind of thousands of units and tens of thousands of space scientists from relevant national departments, local governments, and the military over more than ten years. Entering the era of big science, the mutual collaboration of multiple disciplines and the pooling of wisdom of scientific and technological workers in various fields to tackle key problems have become an inherent requirement and a significant trend for promoting scientific and technological innovation. Only by actively promoting the collaborative spirit and pooling collective strength can the vast number of scientific and technological workers in the new era achieve more breakthroughs in key areas and walk wider and wider on the road of scientific and technological innovation.
The nurturing spirit of being willing to be a ladder and rewarding the younger generation. The nurturing spirit is an important source for the continuous passing on of China's scientific cause. Hua Luogeng believed that "the spirit of being a ladder is very important," was willing to let young people step on his shoulders to climb the world's scientific heights, actively built a ladder for growth, and cultivated a generation of great mathematicians such as Chen Jingrun (陈景润), Wang Yuan (王元), and Pan Chengdong (潘承洞). Wang Zhenyi (王振义), while treating patients with superb medical skills, also poured his whole life into high medical ethics, using one soul to awaken more souls; his benefited students are too numerous to list, including three academicians Chen Zhu (陈竺), Chen Saijuan (陈赛娟), and Chen Guoqiang (陈国强), creating the much-told story of "one family with four academicians" (一门四院士). Ye Qisun (叶企孙), in the more than 20 years after founding the Department of Physics and the College of Science of Tsinghua University, cultivated over one hundred academician-level figures, and half of the meritorious scientists of the "two bombs, one satellite" came from his tutelage, making indelible contributions to China's scientific and technological development. Scientific and technological innovation is a relay race of generation after generation of scientists, and the cultivation of scientific reserve talents is the foundation for the sustained development of science and technology. Young scientific and technological workers are the future of the country's scientific and technological development, and have the potential and ability to produce major scientific and technological achievements. But the growth of young scientists cannot be achieved overnight; it requires old scientists to do a good job of "passing on, helping, and leading" (传帮带) with heart and feeling. When old scientists do a good job as guides, and young scholars serve as the vanguard in tackling tough problems, with master-apprentice teaching and team collaboration forming a virtuous cycle, the cause of scientific and technological innovation in China can thrive endlessly.
Science is full of unknowns, and exploration has no end. The light of the scientist spirit will surely illuminate the journey of building China into a strong nation in science and technology, and will surely also illuminate the broad path of Chinese-style modernization.
Return to TopBy: 重庆市中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心
Xi Jinping's thought on party building is a profound summary and theoretical sublimation of the Communist Party of China's more than 100 years of experience in governing the party, rejuvenating the party, and strengthening the party. It is a systematic and creative response to the major epochal question of what kind of long-term governing Marxist political party to build and how to build a long-term governing Marxist political party. It is a major achievement of our party in promoting theoretical innovation by adhering to the "two combines" (两个结合 - liǎng gè jiéhé - "two integrates," referring to integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China's specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture). It comprehensively and profoundly elucidates the highest principles, strategic guidelines, value pursuits, work layout, and methodological pathways for party building in the new era, constituting the party-building chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This thought not only deepens the understanding of the laws governing the construction of Marxist political parties theoretically through a series of iconic major concepts, original thought viewpoints, and principled theoretical achievements, but also leads our party in practice to become stronger and more resilient through revolutionary forging, providing fundamental adherence and scientific guidance for further advancing the great new project of party building in the new era.
Theoretical advancement and practical advancement are the most distinctive essential characteristics that distinguish a Marxist political party from all other political parties, and are the fundamental reason why our party firmly believes in its faith and grasps historical initiative. Xi Jinping's thought on party building originates from the scientific theory of Marxism, is rooted in the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and is gestated in the great practice of comprehensively and strictly governing the party in the new era. It has milestone significance in the history of the development of Marxist party-building theory and the construction history of the Communist Party of China, and holds a special and important position in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It is of great and far-reaching significance for enriching and developing contemporary Chinese Marxism and 21st-century Marxism.
Marx pointed out, "Problems are the slogans of the era, the most practical cry of its spiritual state." The vitality of Marxist party-building theory lies in constantly exploring and responding to the new issues and new challenges faced by Marxist political parties. A distinctive theoretical character of Xi Jinping's thought on party building is its adherence to a problem-oriented approach. This thought not only answers the major epochal question of what kind of long-term governing Marxist political party to build and how to build it, but also clarifies the fundamental question of what the Communist Party of China is and what it wants to do, reveals the core key to why our party was able to succeed in the past and how it can continue to succeed in the future, and provides an action guide for our party on the new journey to effectively solve the "six hows to always" (六个如何始终 - liù gè rúhé shǐzhōng - "six hows to always," referring to six challenges such as how to always maintain ideological purity), effectively deal with the "four major tests" (四大考验 - sì dà kǎoyàn - "four major tests," i.e., governance, reform and opening-up, market economy, and external environment), vigorously prevent the "four dangers" (四种危险 - sì zhǒng wēixiǎn - "four dangers," i.e., mental laxity, incompetence, disengagement from the people, and corruption), and thoroughly rectify the "four impures" (四个不纯 - sì gè bù chún - "four impures," i.e., impurities in thought, organization, style, and discipline), among others. This thought, with its distinct problem orientation, solves the unique problems of a century-old major party, deepens the scientific understanding of the ruling laws of the Communist Party of China with a new perspective, and demonstrates powerful truth force and practical strength. It will certainly continue to be enriched, deepened, and expanded with the fresh practice of party building in the new era.
Xi Jinping's thought on party building both adheres to the most basic and core content of Marxist party-building theory, and innovates and brings forth the new while upholding the fundamental principles in studying new situations and solving new problems, making major original contributions to enriching and developing Marxist party-building theory. It has great practical significance and long-term guiding significance for governing the party, managing the party, rejuvenating the party, and strengthening the party. For example, incorporating party building into the "four greats" (四个伟大 - sì gè wěidà - "four greats," i.e., great struggle, great project, great cause, great dream) overall framework of governance and the "four comprehensives" (四个全面 - sì gè quánmiàn - "four comprehensives," i.e., comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society, comprehensively deepen reform, comprehensively govern the country by law, and comprehensively strictly govern the party) strategic layout; proposing "the Communist Party of China is the highest political leadership force," "make the party's political construction the fundamental construction of the party," "the 'two upholds' (两个维护 - liǎng gè wéihù - "two upholds," i.e., uphold Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the Party Central Committee's authority and its centralized, unified leadership) are the party's highest political principle and fundamental political rule," "the rivers and mountains are the people, and the people are the rivers and mountains," "carry forward the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists originating from the great founding spirit of the party," "ideals and convictions are the 'calcium' of Communists' spirit," "bringing benefit to the people is the greatest political achievement" — a series of original new concepts, new thoughts, and new strategies. This marks that our party's understanding of the laws of Marxist party building has reached a new height, opening up a new realm of the Sinicization and modernization of Marxist party-building theory.
Clarifying the new positioning that upholding the party's leadership is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics
The scientific connotation of Xi Jinping's thought on party building is the "fourteen upholds" (十四个坚持 - shí sì gè jiānchí - "fourteen upholds," the basic strategy of Xi Jinping Thought), with the first being "upholding the party's leadership is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics." General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Socialism with Chinese characteristics has many characteristics and features, but the most essential one is upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China." "China's biggest national condition is the leadership of the Communist Party of China. What is Chinese characteristic? This is Chinese characteristic." "Upholding the party's overall leadership is the only way to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics." These major judgments not only deepen the understanding of the laws of socialist construction with Chinese characteristics, but also further clarify the strategic positioning of the party's leadership in developing the socialist cause.
The party's leadership directly concerns the nature, direction, and fate of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping's thought on party building, based on scientifically grasping the intrinsic relationship between the leadership of the proletarian party and the development of the socialist cause, fundamentally clarifies that the party's leadership is the fundamental political guarantee for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Upholding and strengthening the party's overall leadership concerns the future and destiny of the party and the country. All our undertakings are built on this foundation and rooted in this most essential feature and greatest advantage." From a theoretical foundation, upholding the leadership of the proletarian party is a basic viewpoint of Marxist party-building theory and a fundamental principle of scientific socialism. From a historical logic, without the Communist Party of China, there would be no New China and no socialism with Chinese characteristics. From the basic national conditions, the leadership of the Communist Party of China is a reliable guarantee for the people being the masters of the country. From the overall cause, the leadership of the Communist Party of China directly concerns the fundamental direction, future destiny, and ultimate success or failure of Chinese-style modernization, and is the fundamental guarantee for comprehensively building a modern socialist country and comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The reason why socialism with Chinese characteristics is scientific socialism lies in adhering to the leadership of the proletarian party. The reason why socialism with Chinese characteristics has Chinese characteristics lies fundamentally in adhering to the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Xi Jinping's thought on party building is an open ideological system that connects history, reality, and the future, progressively elucidating the internal, essential, and inevitable connections between the party's leadership and socialism with Chinese characteristics, clarifying the fundamental political course and the highest political leadership force for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
Xi Jinping's thought on party building emphasizes that the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out, "The Communist Party of China can do it, and socialism with Chinese characteristics is good, ultimately because Marxism works, and the Sinicized and modernized Marxism works." This major judgment elucidates the internal logic between theoretical advantages, party advantages, and institutional advantages. Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for building the party and the country, for rejuvenating the party and the country. It is the scientific worldview and methodology for establishing and perfecting the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, providing a solid theoretical foundation and strong theoretical advantage for upholding and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and determining the fundamental nature of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The Communist Party of China, as the highest political leadership force, by commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties, concentrates the strength of the entire party and the entire country, and unites the common will of the whole nation. It is the fundamental support for the significant advantage of the socialist system in concentrating forces to accomplish major tasks. Upholding the party's centralized and unified leadership is the primary advantage of China's national system and national governance system. By effectively coordinating major relationships in various fields of the party and state undertakings, pooling resources from all sides, concentrating forces to solve the most direct and realistic interest issues that the people care most about, our party transforms its theoretical advantage and party advantage into institutional advantages for advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, fundamentally ensuring that the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics are fully demonstrated.
Marking a new height of comprehensively and strictly governing the party as the distinctive theme of party building in the new era
"To govern the country, the party must first be governed; only when the party thrives can the country be strong." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core has profoundly grasped the intrinsic relationship between governing the party, managing the party, rejuvenating the party, strengthening the party, and building a strong country and national rejuvenation. Facing the prominent problems and serious hidden dangers within the party, it made the strategic deployment of comprehensively and strictly governing the party (全面从严治党 - quánmiàn cóngyán zhìdǎng), systematically reshaped the work system of governing and managing the party, and put strict standards, strict measures, and a strict atmosphere throughout all aspects and the entire process of party building, fundamentally reversing the situation of weakened, hollowed, diluted implementation of party leadership and lax, soft, inefficient party governance. Xi Jinping's thought on party building is a systematic summary and theoretical sublimation of the practical experience of comprehensively and strictly governing the party in the new era.
This thought proposes that comprehensively and strictly governing the party is the strategic guideline for party building in the new era, emphasizing that comprehensively and strictly governing the party is the only way for the party to maintain its vitality and take the new road of catching up with the exam. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out, "Comprehensively and strictly governing the party, the core is to strengthen party leadership, the foundation is comprehensiveness, the key is strictness, and the crux is governance," profoundly elucidating the overall requirements and basic content of this strategic guideline. "The core is to strengthen party leadership" clarifies that comprehensively and strictly governing the party must always revolve around consolidating the party's leadership position, maintaining the party's advanced nature and purity, and improving the party's leadership level and governance capacity. "The foundation is comprehensiveness" means governing the entire party, governing the whole party, covering all areas, all aspects, and all links of party building with the fundamental requirements of comprehensive strict governance, implementing them in every party organization and every party member, achieving full coverage of content, full coverage of objects, full chains of responsibility, and full integration of systems. "The key is strictness" means running strict requirements through the entire process of governing and managing the party, insisting on true management and true strictness, daring to manage and daring to be strict, long-term management and long-term strictness, always maintaining a high-pressure stance in the fight against corruption, continuously eliminating stubborn corruption problems within the party, making all violations of rules and discipline nowhere to hide. "The crux is governance" means first solving the basic issues of who governs and how to govern, clarifying that from the Party Central Committee to local party committees at all levels, from central ministries and state organs party groups (party committees) to grassroots party branches, the political responsibility and main responsibility for comprehensive strict governance are pressed down layer by layer, and insisting on treating both symptoms and root causes, systematic governance, coordinating the pulling of "rotten trees," treating "sick trees," and straightening "crooked trees," ensuring that comprehensive strict governance is truly implemented. Xi Jinping's thought on party building uses systematic thinking and dialectical thinking to scientifically grasp the intrinsic relationship between "trees" and "forest," "key minorities" and the vast majority, key rectification and full-domain governance, leading party building in the new era to open up a new situation, pushing party governance from lax, soft, and inefficient to strict, hard, and effective.
Xi Jinping's thought on party building regards comprehensively and strictly governing the party as a systematic project that exerts force in the same direction and comprehensively, and creatively proposes the major proposition of improving the system of comprehensively and strictly governing the party, and makes comprehensive deployments from five aspects: organizational system, education system, supervision system, institutional system, and responsibility system. It emphasizes the need to improve an organizational system that is connected from top to bottom and has strong execution. The key is to uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership. The fundamental is to deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the "two establishes" (两个确立 - liǎng gè quèlì - "two establishes," i.e., establishing Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era) and resolutely achieve the "two upholds." Implement the party's organizational line for the new era, coordinate the construction of party organizations at all levels and in all fields, and promote the continuous deepening of comprehensive strict governance. It emphasizes the need to improve an education system that consolidates the foundation, nurtures the core, and unifies hearts and souls. Adhere to the theme and main line of deeply studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Continuously improve the study system of theoretical study center groups of party committees (party groups) and theoretical study systems of grassroots party organizations. Adhere to the combination of regular education and centralized education, the combination of theoretical arming and practical application, and the combination of strengthening party spirit and enhancing skills, constantly consolidating the ideological foundation of comprehensive strict governance. It emphasizes the need to improve a supervision system that targets precisely, treats both symptoms and root causes. Adhere to grasping party spirit, party conduct, and party discipline together, combining treating diseases and strengthening the body. Improve and perfect mechanisms for party member management, mechanisms for strict management and supervision of cadres, and mechanisms for regularizing the improvement of conduct and discipline. Improve the supervision system under the unified leadership of the party, full coverage, authoritative, and efficient. Continuously enhance the precision and effectiveness of comprehensive strict governance. It emphasizes the need to improve a scientific, complete, effective, and practical institutional system. Deepen the reform of the party's internal regulations and rules system. Timely elevate good experiences and methods from grassroots practice to institutional level. Strengthen the consciousness and execution of governing the party by institutions and by rules, effectively guaranteeing the political nature and principle of comprehensive strict governance. It emphasizes the need to improve a responsibility system with clear subjects and clear requirements. Adhere to establishing and improving the responsibility system by layer and by category. Clarify the main responsibility of party committees (party groups) at all levels for comprehensive strict governance, the supervisory responsibility of discipline inspection commissions, the first responsibility of party committee (party group) secretaries, the "dual responsibilities for one post" of other members of the leadership team, etc. By improving precise and scientific accountability mechanisms, promote the implementation of political responsibilities for comprehensive strict governance.
Constructing a new framework for the overall layout of party building in the new era
General Secretary Xi Jinping made a profound exposition on the general requirements for party building in the new era, emphasizing "comprehensively promote the party's political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction, and discipline construction, with institutional construction running through them, and deeply advance the fight against corruption." This major original judgment clarifies the functional positioning, internal logic, and synergistic relationship of the various aspects of party building, highlights the systematic reconstruction of party building in the new era from factor integration to system integration, and realizes major theoretical innovation and practical breakthrough in the layout of party building in Xi Jinping's thought on party building.
Creatively incorporate the party's political construction into the overall layout of party building and place it first, clarifying the leading role, primary task, and fundamental requirements of the party's political construction. Being clear and explicit about politics is not only a distinctive feature of a Marxist political party but also a political advantage that our party has consistently maintained. Engels pointed out, "The workers' party exists as a political party and must carry out political activities. Preaching the abandonment of politics to the workers' party is to undermine the International." General Secretary Xi Jinping, based on grasping the essential attributes of the party, emphasized "If a Marxist political party loses its political advancement, the party's advanced nature and purity would be out of the question," pointing out "The party's political construction is the fundamental construction of the party, determining the direction and effect of party building," profoundly elucidating the leading role of the party's political construction in party building, revealing the scientific reason for placing political construction first. He proposed "The primary task of the party's political construction is to ensure that the entire party obeys the Central Committee, uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership," further making specific requirements for the party's political construction from aspects such as correctly grasping the political direction, upholding the party's political leadership, consolidating the political foundation, fostering a political ecology, preventing political risks, preserving political nature, and improving political ability, clarifying the action route for leading all aspects of party building with political construction. These major judgments give soul and direction to all aspects of party building, and form an overall synergy under the leadership of political construction. They are principled theoretical achievements in Xi Jinping's thought on party building.
This overall layout adheres to the simultaneous exertion of building the party ideologically and governing the party by institutions, forming a long-term deployment to integrate the promotion of not daring to corrupt, not being able to corrupt, and not wanting to corrupt (不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐 - bù gǎn fǔ, bù néng fǔ, bù xiǎng fǔ). General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, "Governing the party relies on education and also on institutions. The two, one soft and one hard, should exert force in the same direction and at the same time." The overall layout of party building in the new era positions institutional construction as the key support running through all fields of party building, and regards the simultaneous exertion of building the party ideologically and governing the party by institutions as an important experience in governing and managing the party, clarifying "We should make the process of strengthening institutional governance of the party a process of strengthening ideological party building, and also make the process of strengthening ideological party building a process of strengthening institutional governance of the party," taking ideological construction as the foundational construction of the party, running institutional governance and rule-based governance through all aspects of party building, and organically unifying and simultaneously advancing the solution of ideological problems and institutional problems. At the same time, Xi Jinping's thought on party building incorporates the deep advancement of the anti-corruption struggle into the general requirements of party building in the new era, clarifying the need to "adhere to the integrated promotion of not daring to corrupt, not being able to corrupt, and not wanting to corrupt." General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Our party, as the ruling party, faces the greatest threat from corruption." In advancing the anti-corruption struggle in the new era, it is necessary to build a party-led anti-corruption work pattern, use strict enforcement of discipline and law to make party members and cadres "dare not corrupt," use strict and effective institutional systems and supervision systems to ensure "cannot corrupt," and rely on theoretical arming and ideal belief education to build a solid ideological defense line of "do not want to corrupt," integrating punishment deterrence, institutional constraints, and ideological guidance to provide a strong guarantee for consolidating the party's ruling foundation and safeguarding the long-term stability of the country.
Finding a new answer for the party to jump out of the historical cycle of order and disorder, rise and decline
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Comrade Mao Zedong gave the first answer in the cave dwellings of Yan'an, which is 'let the people supervise the government'; after a century of struggle, especially the new practice since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the party has given the second answer, which is self-reform (自我革命 - zìwǒ gémìng)." From the first answer to the second answer, Xi Jinping's thought on party building profoundly answers the strategic question of how to jump out of the historical cycle of order and disorder, rise and decline, which concerns the life and death of the party. It transforms self-reform from ideological consciousness into practical consciousness, demonstrating the firm determination of Chinese Communists to persistently advance the party's own construction and preserve its political nature.
Proposing that the party's self-reform is the second answer for our party to jump out of the historical cycle is a major original contribution of Xi Jinping's thought on party building. Having the courage to self-reform is a significant sign that distinguishes the Communist Party of China from other political parties. It not only answers the historical difficulty of how a Marxist ruling party can jump out of the pattern of 其兴也勃焉，其亡也忽焉 (qí xīng yě bó yān, qí wáng yě hū yān - "its rise is vigorous, its fall is sudden," referring to a historical pattern of dynastic cycles), but also points out a new path for Marxist ruling parties to rely on endogenous forces to achieve long-term development. Marx and Engels pointed out, "The class that overthrows the ruling class can only shed all the old filth of itself in the revolution and can then be competent for the work of rebuilding society." Lenin believed that "The vanguard must not be afraid to carry out self-education, self-transformation, and not be afraid to publicly admit that its own literacy and ability are insufficient." Xi Jinping's thought on party building, with a new theoretical perspective, elevates "the party's self-reform" to the strategic height of "the second answer to jumping out of the historical cycle" for understanding and positioning, clarifying that self-purification, self-improvement, self-renewal, and self-enhancement are the profound connotations of the party's self-reform, achieving a major theoretical breakthrough. From a theoretical logic, self-reform contains the dual meaning of the "revolution" category, not only pointing to the social revolution of transforming the objective world, but also to the self-reform of transforming the subjective world. This thought incorporates party building into the grand narrative of "revolution," endowing party building with deeper historical significance and epochal value. From a practical logic, self-reform is not a slogan but a practical requirement running through all aspects and the entire process of comprehensive strict governance, demonstrating our party's constant self-awareness of facing problems and courage to turn inward.
Relying on self-reform to forever maintain the party's advanced nature and purity, ensuring that the party does not change its quality, does not change its color, and does not change its flavor, reflects the high historical initiative and strong mission responsibility of Xi Jinping's thought on party building. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, "As long as we continuously eliminate all factors that damage the party's advanced nature and purity, and continuously remove all viruses that erode the party's healthy body, we will certainly be able to ensure that the party does not change its quality, does not change its color, and does not change its flavor, and ensure that the party always becomes a strong leading core in the historical process of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era." This profoundly indicates that maintaining the party's advanced nature and purity is not once and for all, but needs to undergo the grinding of risks and challenges in the test of long-term governance. Xi Jinping's thought on party building scientifically grasps this regular understanding, taking self-reform as an important guarantee for maintaining the party's advanced nature and purity. This is not only a profound absorption of the lessons of the international communist movement, but also a systematic condensation of the Communist Party of China's more than 100 years of experience in building, governing, and managing the party. It has a broad international perspective and a profound practical foundation, powerfully revealing the secret of how a century-old major party, despite going through hardships, has thrived and flourished.
Giving a new plan for Marxist political party governance under the century-old changes
Currently, the once-in-a-century great changes in the world are accelerating. Political parties around the world are facing challenges to varying degrees. Xi Jinping's thought on party building, based on accurately grasping the reality that the Communist Party of China is the world's largest ruling party with significant global influence, with a broad vision of the rise and fall of political parties around the world, taking the historical cycle as a mirror, deeply reflects on the rise and fall of political parties around the world, especially Marxist political parties, sums up both positive and negative experiences, and contributes Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese strength to Marxist political party governance under the century-old changes. It can be regarded as a thick textbook in the history of human political civilization.
Xi Jinping's thought on party building always adheres to the "soul vein" (魂脉 - hún mài) of Marxism and the "root vein" (根脉 - gēn mài) of fine traditional Chinese culture. It is a shining example of applying Marxist party-building theory to solve the actual problems of Marxist political parties' own construction, providing important inspiration for Marxist political parties in various countries to explore their own localization construction paths. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, "Continuing to promote the localization and modernization of Marxism, illuminating the path of human progress with the light of truth, is the common responsibility of Marxist political parties." Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology inherent in Marxist political parties. How to correctly treat, adhere to, and develop Marxism is the primary issue that all Marxist political parties must answer well. Engels pointed out, "Our theory is a developing theory, not a dogma that must be memorized and mechanically repeated." Xi Jinping's thought on party building is based on the local, looks to the world, and looks to the future. It is not only the inheritance and sublimation of our party's own historical experience in construction, but also the creative transformation and innovative development of the ways of governance and moral concepts of self-cultivation and conduct in fine traditional Chinese culture, continuously endowing Marxist political party construction theory with distinctive Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese spirit. This thought profoundly reveals that there is no fixed template and ready-made routine for the construction of Marxist political parties. It must be independently explored based on the country's national conditions, local culture, and the party's own reality. It resolutely abandons the misunderstanding of dogmatically applying classic models and copying other countries' models. Through systematically summarizing the valuable practical experience of a century-old major party in governing and managing the party, it continuously enriches and develops Marxist party-building theory, providing a Chinese solution for Marxist political parties in various countries to form their own local party-building theory and take the path of independent construction.
"If one wants to establish affairs, one must first establish the mind." Xi Jinping's thought on party building clearly proposes adhering to using the party's innovative theories to consolidate hearts and cast the soul. It must focus on building the party ideologically and strengthening the party theoretically, which provides important reference for Marxist political parties around the world to strengthen their faith foundation and adhere to ideals and convictions. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "The advanced nature of a Marxist political party is first reflected in the advanced nature of its ideology and theory," emphasizing "An important reason why the Communist Party of China can continue to develop and grow through hardships and difficulties is that our party has always attached importance to building the party ideologically and strengthening the party theoretically, so that the entire party always maintains unified thinking, firm will, coordinated action, and strong combat effectiveness." These important expositions fully demonstrate that an advanced Marxist political party is not born, but must be cultivated and consolidated through continuously strengthening the party's theoretical arming and practical tempering. Looking at the development history of Marxist political parties around the world, problems such as ideological dogmatism, wavering ideals and convictions, insufficient political consciousness, weakening theoretical interpretation, and neglecting theoretical arming are not uncommon. The root lies in the hollowing out of ideological construction and the absence of institutionalization. Xi Jinping's thought on party building proposes that ideological construction is the foundational construction of the party, emphasizing the need to strengthen theoretical innovation and theoretical arming, providing useful inspiration for Marxist political parties around the world to strengthen their belief in Marxism and adhere to the lofty ideal of communism, especially having important reference significance for Marxist political parties under long-term governance to unify thought, unify will, and unify action.
Xi Jinping's thought on party building proposes the original concept of the party's organizational line for the new era (新时代党的组织路线 - xīn shídài dǎng de zǔzhī lùxiàn), making a scientific explanation of the theoretical connotation of the party's organizational line. This has groundbreaking significance in the history of the development of Marxist political parties, and provides new ideas for Marxist political parties around the world to enhance their own political function and organizational function. Engels pointed out, "In the political struggle of class against class, organization is the most important weapon." Lenin believed, "In the struggle for political power, the proletariat has no other weapon except organization." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping, focusing on the significance of the organizational line for upholding the party's leadership, strengthening party building, and doing a good job in the party's organizational work, emphasized the need to "focus on the construction of the organizational system, strive to cultivate loyal, clean, and responsible high-quality cadres, and strive to gather all kinds of excellent talents who love the country and contribute." This important judgment achieves a new theoretical breakthrough in the course of our party's more than 100 years of party history, and makes a significant contribution in the history of the development of Marxist political parties. Xi Jinping's thought on party building's important expositions on strengthening the construction of grassroots party organizations, implementing the party's organizational line for the new era, and scientific cadre training mechanisms further enrich and expand the scientific understanding of the laws of Marxist political party organizational construction. It not only provides theoretical adherence for our party to strive from the "world's largest party" to the "world's strongest party," but also contributes Chinese wisdom to the universal problem of how Marxist political parties around the world maintain organizational vitality and improve organizational efficiency.
Return to TopBy: 段治文
"Advancing Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party with Higher Standards and More Concrete Measures" is the main part of an important speech delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping on January 12, 2026, at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, and is included in Volume Two of the Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building (习近平党建文选). This important document, grounded in the critical juncture of the starting year of the 15th Five-Year Plan (十五五), profoundly answers the major questions of how to govern and manage the Party and how to further advance the Party's self-reform in the new era and new journey from three levels: implementing the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee with greater resoluteness and force, placing power more scientifically and effectively into the cage of institutions, and advancing the fight against corruption with greater sobriety and steadfastness. With a distinct problem-oriented awareness, it demonstrates the sobriety of always being on the road and the firm will to advance the Party's self-reform, possessing important theoretical significance and far-reaching practical value. It is an important chapter of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building and a classic text for studying Xi Jinping's thought on Party building.
More resolute and forceful, more scientific and effective, more sober and steadfast
After the 18th National Congress of the Party, socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core incorporated comprehensive and strict governance of the Party into the Four Comprehensives (四个全面) strategic layout, opening up a new realm of self-reform for the century-old major Party. Over the past decade and more, the strategy of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party has been continuously advanced, the Party's self-reform has been continuously deepened, and the Party's cause has consequently been able to proceed steadily and far (行稳致远 - xíng wěn zhì yuǎn - "walk steadily, reach far," to develop steadily and sustainably). The focus of this important document develops and deepens from "why and how to comprehensively and strictly govern the Party" to "how to advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party with higher standards and more concrete measures." Through the theoretical construction of the "three mores" — more resolute and forceful, more scientific and effective, more sober and steadfast — it demonstrates the sobriety and determination of the Party's self-reform always being on the road, deepens the understanding of the laws governing the building of a Marxist political party, and possesses very important theoretical significance.
There is a profound dialectical unity between governing and managing the Party and the Party's central tasks. Party building is meant to strengthen Party leadership, and strengthening Party leadership is meant to advance the Party's great cause. Centering on the Party's central tasks and implementing the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee are important experience in Party building. History and reality have repeatedly proven that the more effective the governance and management of the Party, the more powerful the guarantee for economic and social development. Therefore, positioning comprehensive and strict governance of the Party as a strong guarantee for realizing the goals and tasks of the 15th Five-Year Plan (十五五) period and elevating it to the height of serving the overall national strategic situation is an important development and concretization of Marxist Party building theory.
To advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the new era, it is necessary to implement the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee with greater resoluteness and force, to place power more scientifically and effectively into the cage of institutions, and to advance the fight against corruption with greater sobriety and steadfastness. These important requirements of the "three mores," each with its own emphasis yet mutually interconnected, elucidate from different dimensions such as objectives and requirements, important tasks, and key points the firm will and historical initiative to advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in depth, constituting the action framework for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the new era.
Placing power into the cage of institutions is an important task of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party in the new era. The key to comprehensively and strictly governing the Party lies in "governance," and the Party's self-reform focuses on "governing power." To place power into the cage of institutions, it is necessary both to perfect institutional provisions and make the cage tightly woven, and to enhance the execution of institutions and strengthen rigid constraints. This places the supervision and restriction of power in a more important position, which is an important development and deepening of the Marxist political party's view of power and theory of party governance.
On the road ahead, we will inevitably face major tests of high winds and choppy waters, even stormy seas
Problems are the voice of the times. Our Party has never concealed its faults and shunned treatment (讳疾忌医 - huì jí jì yī - "conceal illness and avoid the doctor," to refuse to admit one's faults and seek correction), but has always examined itself in light of the requirements of the times, alerted itself with a strong sense of urgency, perfected itself with the spirit of self-reform, and always directly confronted the prominent contradictions, problems, risks, and challenges facing Party building, maintaining the sobriety and self-awareness of "always being on the road."
Focusing on the severe challenges of the critical period of the 15th Five-Year Plan (十五五). General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the 15th Five-Year Plan (十五五) period is a critical period for laying a solid foundation and making comprehensive efforts to basically realize socialist modernization, and that "on the road ahead, we will inevitably face major tests of high winds and choppy waters (fēng gāo làng jí - "wind high, waves urgent," high winds and choppy waters) even stormy seas (jīng tāo hài làng - "frightening waves, terrifying breakers," stormy seas)" and face the risks of "the once-in-a-century transformation of the world accelerating," with increasing uncertain and unpredictable factors. Therefore, only by meeting challenges with higher standards and more concrete measures, advancing the Party's self-reform, and "taking the Party's original aspiration as the fundamental heart and the Party's mission as the very life," can the blueprint of the 15th Five-Year Plan (十五五) be turned into reality.
Directly confronting the prominent problems existing within the Party under the new situation. General Secretary Xi Jinping summarized the problems that have existed within the Party for some time. "Problems such as non-implementation and chaotic implementation of the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee still exist, and are even quite prominent in some aspects"; problems such as impure thinking have not yet been fundamentally resolved, including "two-faced people" in words and deeds, "practicing liberalism" in thinking, "practicing opportunism" in politics, "practicing factionalism" in organization, "practicing departmentalism" in work, "practicing good-old-boyism" in fulfilling responsibilities, and other problems still exist seriously; there are also some Party organizations that have the problem of "institutional idling," leading to "caging tigers with paper cages"; the anti-corruption situation remains severe and complex, with corruption methods becoming more covert. It precisely targets "old problems with new variants" and "new challenges and new risks."
To solve the practical difficulties of governing and managing the Party, it is necessary to break through with firm will and clear thinking. It is necessary to fundamentally solve the deep-seated diseases and stubborn ills such as impure thinking, impure politics, impure organization, and impure style within the Party; to solve erroneous ideas such as slackening off, resting on one's laurels, fearing difficulties, and retreating; to solve problems such as non-implementation and chaotic implementation of the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee. On the basis of accurately identifying problems in the operation of power, it is necessary to solve the problem of blurred power boundaries in emerging fields and intersecting areas, and to solve the problem of high risk of power loss of control in the "key minority" and key positions. It is necessary to resolutely eradicate the soil and conditions for the breeding of corruption, achieve institutions that are dense but not cumbersome, effective and practical (密而不繁、有效管用), and eliminate formalism and bureaucratism.
Focusing on higher standards and more concrete measures
Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and the Party's self-reform are always on the road. This is not merely a slogan or something that exists in institutional texts; the key lies in implementation through action. In this important document, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed specific practical requirements, providing an action guide for further advancing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.
"Higher standards" focus on the direction of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. "Higher standards" are multidimensional: in political standards, it is necessary to achieve the "two upholds" (两个维护); in institutional standards, it is necessary to build a more complete institutional system; in implementation standards, it is necessary to achieve equality before laws and regulations; in team standards, it is necessary to forge an iron army that is loyal, clean, and responsible. "More concrete measures" focus on the effectiveness of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. In political supervision, it is necessary to achieve concretization, precision, and normalization; in institutional implementation, it is necessary to "implement with the nail-driving spirit (钉钉子精神), making institutions a live high-voltage wire (带电的高压线); in anti-corruption, it is necessary to promote the integrated advancement of the three mechanisms for daring not, being unable, and not wanting to be corrupt (三不腐), and "continuously improve the penetrating power of anti-corruption." The important requirements of the "three mores" organically combine "higher standards" with "more concrete measures," proposing a systematic path for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party in the new era, providing Party organizations at all levels with a clear practical "road map."
First, implementing the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee with greater resoluteness and force is the political guarantee for achieving comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and self-reform. It is necessary to deepen political supervision, promote the entire Party to concentrate all wisdom and strength on realizing the Party's central tasks, establish and practice a correct view of performance, achieve concretization, precision, and normalization of political supervision, and so that "the whole Party focuses wholeheartedly on advancing Chinese-style modernization." It is necessary to strictly enforce political discipline, resolutely eliminate "two-faced people," and strictly investigate problems such as liberalism and departmentalism. It is necessary to improve implementation mechanisms, perfect a whole-chain management mechanism, and seriously hold accountable behaviors that make selective choices or engage in flexible adaptations.
Second, placing power more scientifically and effectively into the cage of institutions is the foundation of governing power for achieving comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and self-reform. To place power into the cage of institutions, it is necessary both to perfect institutional provisions, enhance the completeness of laws and regulations, and strengthen institutional supply according to the practical needs of governing and managing the Party; and to enhance the execution of institutions, strengthen the rigid constraints of institutions, insist on equality before institutions, uphold that there are no privileges in complying with laws and regulations, and that there is no exception in implementing laws and regulations. It is also necessary to innovate supervision methods, explore the interconnection and coordination of discipline inspection, supervision, dispatched supervision, and inspection, accelerate the construction of a digital disciplinary inspection and supervision system, and accurately identify corruption. At the same time, it is necessary to focus on promoting "top leaders" to lead by example and take the lead in implementing institutions.
Third, advancing the fight against corruption with greater sobriety and steadfastness is the key battle for achieving comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and self-reform. Specifically, first, maintain a high-pressure posture, deepen the simultaneous treatment of symptoms and root causes, insist on the integrated advancement of daring not to be corrupt, being unable to be corrupt, and not wanting to be corrupt, strengthen a systematic concept, and achieve the simultaneous exertion, concerted exertion, and comprehensive exertion of the "three mechanisms for daring not, being unable, and not wanting to be corrupt" (三不腐). Second, grasp the new trends and new characteristics of corruption, innovate anti-corruption means and methods, and achieve timely discovery, accurate identification, and effective governance of various types of corruption problems. Deepen the simultaneous investigation and treatment of misconduct and corruption, and improve the penetrating power of anti-corruption. Third, improve the responsibility implementation mechanism, perfect the anti-corruption working mechanism, make good use of the "shadowless lamp" of comprehensive supervision and the "scalpel" of powerful case handling, and promote integrated governance through whole-chain collaboration.
Return to TopBy: 范丽君
The high-quality development of the service industry concerns the overall situation of Chinese-style modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping issued an important instruction on the development of the service industry, emphasizing that "on the new journey, we must adhere to the guidance of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy, highlight demand-driven approaches, reform to tackle tough issues, science and technology empowerment, openness and cooperation, and deeply implement the action to expand capacity and improve quality of the service industry." China Cadres Tribune (中国党政干部论坛) Issue 6, 2026 focuses on "Promoting the Development of the Service Industry through Capacity Expansion and Quality Improvement," inviting experts and scholars to discuss how to further unleash the development potential of the service industry and create a new situation of high-quality development of the service industry.
Relying on the advantages of the large domestic market, in recent years China's service industry has made considerable progress, becoming an important engine driving economic and social development. Kuang Xianming (匡贤明), Vice President of the China Institute for Reform and Development (中改院), in his article "Seizing the Opportunity of Structural Transformation and Upgrading to Promote Service Industry Capacity Expansion and Quality Improvement," argues that with the continuous growth of urban and rural residents' service consumption demand and the rapid development of artificial intelligence, China's service industry is in a critical period of transformation and upgrading. While playing an important role in supporting industrial upgrading, meeting people's livelihood needs, and driving employment expansion, it still faces structural challenges such as the mismatch between service supply and the needs of urban and rural residents. Only by conforming to the general trend of structural transformation, highlighting demand-driven approaches, deepening reform to tackle tough issues, strengthening science and technology empowerment, and expanding openness and cooperation can we turn challenges into opportunities, fully leverage the important role of the service industry in stabilizing growth, expanding domestic demand, and benefiting people's livelihoods, and inject lasting momentum into high-quality development.
Currently, China is in a stage of profound simultaneous changes in three major structures: population, consumption, and industry. Liu Yi (刘奕), Director of the Service Economy and Internet Development Research Office of the National Academy of Economic Strategy (中国社会科学院财经战略研究院) at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, in her article "Promoting High-quality Development of the Service Industry by Adapting to Structural Changes and Classifying by Levels and Categories," deeply analyzes the concrete manifestations of these three structural changes and the specific demands they generate. To achieve effective improvement in the quality and reasonable growth in the quantity of the service industry, it is necessary to thoroughly implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on the development of the service industry, grasp, respond to, and lead these demands well, focus on key areas of production and living, promote service industry capacity expansion and quality improvement by levels and categories, continuously cultivate new growth points of the service industry, and constantly stimulate the vitality of service industry development.
The integration of the manufacturing industry and the service industry (hereinafter referred to as "integration of the two industries," 两业融合) is an inevitable requirement for China to build a modern industrial system and cultivate new quality productive forces. Innovation is an important pathway and core driving force for promoting the integration of the two industries. Liu Quanhong (刘泉红), Director of the Institute of Industrial Economics and Technological Economics (产业经济与技术经济研究所) at the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展和改革委员会), in his article "Promoting Deep Integration and Development of Manufacturing and Service Industries through Innovation," elucidates the mechanism of innovation driving the integration and development of the two industries. He believes that currently, the innovation momentum for the integration of the two industries in China is continuously strengthening, business models are iterating and upgrading, organizational innovation is deepening, and institutional supply is increasingly robust. However, it also faces bottlenecks such as incompatibility of technological innovation, insufficient value addition, unsmooth organizational coordination, and barriers to institutional innovation. It is necessary to adhere to science and technology empowerment,统筹推进 technological, model, organizational, and institutional innovation in all aspects, drive deep industrial integration through innovation, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry and the capacity expansion and quality improvement of the service industry.
Promoting the opening up of the service industry is of great significance for promoting China's economic and trade development, enhancing the overall openness and competitiveness of the economy, and integrating into the great cycle of the world economy at a deeper level, higher standard, and broader scope. Li Jun (李俊), Director of the Institute of International Trade in Services (国际服务贸易研究所) at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation (商务部研究院), in his article "Orderly Expanding Institutional Opening of the Service Industry," analyzes the important strategic significance of orderly expanding institutional opening of the service industry from the perspectives of service industry development, service trade development, and service consumption. He explains the connotation and characteristics, main progress, and challenges of institutional opening of the service industry. Facing the complex and changing international environment and the internal needs of domestic development, efforts should be made to promote institutional opening of the service industry with greater intensity, enhance the competitiveness of the service industry in the process of opening up, cultivate new quality productive forces through participation in international competition, and stimulate the innovation vitality and development potential of the service industry through institutional opening, making greater contributions to building a new system of higher-standard open economy.
In recent years, China's reform in the service industry field has been deepened comprehensively, but it still faces many institutional and mechanism obstacles. Chen Xian (陈宪), Professor at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Antai College of Economics and Management (上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院), in his article "Overcoming Difficulties and Pain Points to Eliminate Institutional and Mechanism Obstacles in Service Industry Development," argues that the institutional and mechanism obstacles in the development of the service industry are essentially a superposition of multiple problems, such as insufficient market-oriented reform, unclear boundaries between government and market, and insufficient marketization of factors. These are concentratedly manifested as difficulties and pain points in areas such as access barriers, factor allocation, regulatory system, and industrial integration. To this end, concrete measures must be taken and efforts must be made in terms of market access, factor allocation, regulatory governance, industrial development, statistical evaluation, openness and cooperation, system reform, and legal guarantees to accelerate the elimination of institutional and mechanism obstacles to service industry development and promote sound and rapid development of the service industry.
Return to TopBy: 唐磊
South Korea’s research on ancient China has long been considered lagging behind Europe, America, and Japan, but in the last ten years, South Korean scholars have produced at least two heavyweight works in the field of ancient Chinese political thought, which have to some extent changed the general impression in academia. The first is Kim Young-min (金英敏) of Seoul National University, who published an English edition of A History of Chinese Political Thought (《中国政治思想史》) in 2017. The second work is The Transformation of Ideas: The Evolution of Ancient Chinese Political Thought (《观念的变迁：中国古代政治思想的演变》) (hereinafter referred to as The Transformation of Ideas), published in South Korea in 2019 by Jang Hyun-keun (张铉根), a former president of the Korean Association of Political Thought.
Jang Hyun-keun has studied the history of Chinese Confucianism and political thought for more than 30 years. He previously translated into Korean and published the three-volume A History of Chinese Political Thought edited by Liu Zehua of Nankai University. He and Kim Young-min are both top scholars in this field in South Korea. The Transformation of Ideas embodies an innovative consciousness that breaks through the previous paradigm of writing the history of Chinese political thought. The author explicitly takes “transcending intellectual history, moving toward conceptual history” as his guiding principle, and with this approach systematically sorts out the generation and evolution of twelve groups, twenty-four core political concepts in ancient China—including politics, the Mandate of Heaven, mind-nature, state, monarch, subject, morality, benevolence-righteousness, ritual-law, loyalty-filial piety, public-private, and Hua-Yi (Chinese-barbarian). Due to space limitations, we select three groups of concepts—“politics,” “state,” and “public-private”—to see how the author analyzes traditional Chinese political culture.
Politics: an overarching concept related to order. The opening discussion of The Transformation of Ideas is on the concept of “politics.” Starting from paleography, Jang Hyun-keun argues that the character zheng (政) (interchangeable with zheng 正) was originally the original character of zheng (征) meaning “to wage war.” Later, the concept of zheng became increasingly diverse, ultimately covering all political matters.
In the Analects, the character zheng appears 43 times, and its meanings cover the administration of the state or organizations at various levels, the conduct of various government affairs or policy legislation, the coordination of conflicting interests, the rectification of social order, etc. The character zhi (治) is used to describe a state of order and stability. “Politics” (政治) used together expresses “achieving order through governance.” Confucius was a key figure in expanding the concept of zheng; he regarded filial piety and fraternal love as parts of zheng. According to Confucian advocacy, in traditional Chinese political thought, all moral order related to social life could be subsumed under the category of politics. Jang Hyun-keun argues that China until the late Qing dynasty, and Korean peninsula society until the era of King Gojong (1863–1907), understood politics in this way. However, with the introduction of modern Western political concepts, the connotation of traditional political thought became narrower, pointing to “the authoritarian distribution of scarce social values” or “the reciprocal relationship of power domination and submission.” Yet, through conceptual archaeology and examination from the perspective of comparative political theory, Jang Hyun-keun hopes to convey to the reader that political science should be a comprehensive discipline integrating the humanities and social sciences as a whole.
State: the space of political operation from feudalism to autocracy. By sorting out the keyword “state” (国家), Jang Hyun-keun aims to reveal the birth and evolution of the concept concerning the space of political operation. According to traditional exegetics, the character guo (国) originates from the character huo (或) in oracle bone script, composed of ge (戈) symbolizing military force and kou (口) referring to a walled settlement, indicating a political boundary defended by force; the character bang (邦) is composed of feng (丰) symbolizing lush vegetation and tian (田) referring to territory, meaning the demarcation of territory by planting vegetation on all sides of a politically controlled boundary; the character jia (家) originally depicted a sacrificial pig placed in the ancestral hall of a house. On the basis of these etymological investigations, Jang Hyun-keun outlines the historical evolution of the Chinese concept of the state. Under the feudal system of the Zhou dynasty, the Son of Heaven ruled “all under Heaven,” the feudal lords dominated “states,” and the great officers managed “families,” forming a hierarchical political space. The Duke of Zhou, taking enfeoffment and the patriarchal clan system as two pillars, divided all under Heaven into 71 states. This conception of international order centered on China was mutually supported by the consciousness of all under Heaven expressed in “Under the vast heaven, every spot is the king’s ground; to the borders of the land, every man is the king’s subject.”
By the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, the feudal system was greatly shaken, and the all-under-Heaven system could no longer be maintained as before; the boundaries between “state” and “family” became increasingly blurred. The event of “the three families partitioning Jin” in 453 BCE marked the point where the “family” of a great officer completely broke through the boundaries of the “state” of a feudal lord. By the time of the Hundred Schools of Thought in the Warring States period, the term “state” began to appear frequently. After Qin Shi Huang unified the various states, the concept of the state underwent a fundamental transformation: from a concept indicating the division of land for rule to a concept indicating direct rule by the monarch. The Han dynasty once restored the system of commanderies and states but soon weakened it. Thereafter, the state and all under Heaven merged, becoming an all-under-Heaven state. Jang Hyun-keun also points out that even in the Zhou dynasty, the relationship between the king and the feudal lords was not like Western feudalism or Japan’s bakuhan system under the Tokugawa shogunate, but rather an early stage of the centralized system that was continuous with the commandery-county system.
Public and Private: the institutional framework combining the elimination of the private with the public and the common. Jang Hyun-keun believes that the character gong (公) originally may have depicted the shape of a large pottery vessel, later turning to refer to the monarch who possessed it, without the modern meaning of fairness or justice; the original character of si (私) is si (厶), which may refer to building a wall to form a private space. By the Shang dynasty, the concept of the opposition between public and private began to appear, with “public fields” and “private fields” separated, and the idea that the public should always take priority over the private also formed during this period. In the Spring and Autumn period, private lineages were generally considered appendages of the ducal house, and most of the Hundred Schools of Thought also held the value orientation of “eliminating the private in favor of the public,” especially the Legalists. Shang Yang referred to “the public” as the state and the monarch, and “the private” as the aristocracy and great clans, putting forward the propositions of “opening up public benefits” and “blocking private channels.” This laid the foundation for the concept of public and private throughout the entire imperial period. With the emphasis on the obligations of loyalty and filial piety, loyalty and filial piety gradually became the core of social concepts, and the concept of public and private also became an important way to explain loyalty and filial piety.
In analyzing this group of concepts, Jang Hyun-keun also introduces a highly heuristic distinction—the difference between “the public” (公) and “the common” (共). He believes that Confucius’s saying “Lead them with government regulations, keep them in order with punishments” represents an order system emphasizing “the public,” while “Lead them with virtue, keep them in order with ritual” represents a social order system emphasizing “the common.” Qin Shi Huang established a government that excluded all “the private” and allowed only “the public” to dominate, but that system lasted only sixteen years before collapsing; in the early Han dynasty, political thought began to realize the importance of “the common.” Through the efforts of Jia Yi, Dong Zhongshu, and others, a new system was created that combined the legal system of “the public” with the ritual system of “the common,” thereby enabling the Han dynasty to rule continuously for more than 400 years. Thereafter, successive dynasties adopted the institutional framework of combining publicness with commonness, that is, “external ritual, internal law.”
In summary, The Transformation of Ideas extracts a set of core concepts of ancient Chinese political thought, systematically sorts out their original meanings at the time of formation, how they were elaborated by various schools in the era of the Hundred Schools, and how they gradually stabilized by the Qin and Han dynasties. In this process, Jang Hyun-keun analyzes how the political development of ancient China unfolded around certain “core concepts.” This research approach yields many refreshing insights. However, the book also has its limitations, such as focusing too much on how traditional political concepts fractured and collapsed when confronted with foreign political concepts in modern society; such a perspective makes it difficult to excavate from traditional concepts the endogenous resources that ancient political thought can provide for modern public life.
Return to TopBy: 孙立涛
Artificial intelligence is becoming a strategic technology that leads a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and it is also profoundly reshaping the connotation, boundaries, and forms of higher education. For colleges and universities, artificial intelligence is not a simple tool option, but a systemic transformation concerning talent cultivation models, scientific research paradigms, governance systems, and the capacity to serve the nation. Facing this wave, colleges and universities cannot merely be users, beneficiaries, and followers of artificial intelligence; they should become contributors of original innovation, definers of application scenarios, explorers of governance rules, and cultivators of future talent. Colleges and universities bear the important responsibilities of fostering virtue and nurturing talent (立德树人), scientific and technological innovation, social service, and cultural inheritance and innovation. The development of artificial intelligence ultimately depends on support from high-level talent, driven by original technological breakthroughs, tested by real scenario applications, and guaranteed by ethical norms and governance systems. Colleges and universities precisely possess the most complete knowledge production system, the richest interdisciplinary foundation, the most active group of young talent, and the most complex real application scenarios. A single college or university is itself a highly concentrated social system, encompassing teaching, research, medical care, accommodation, management, service, security, culture, and other scenarios in full array. Therefore, colleges and universities have unique advantages in promoting artificial intelligence from technological breakthroughs to scenario implementation, from single-point applications to systemic transformation, and from short-term hotspots to sustainable development.
Colleges and universities embracing artificial intelligence cannot be simply understood as "buying a few tools, building a few systems, making a few applications," but must systematically answer the four questions of "what supports it, what sustains it, where breakthroughs occur, and what it is ultimately for" based on the institutions' own mission and operational laws. To summarize, it is to strengthen infrastructure, form a capability system, embed into real scenarios, and return to talent cultivation.
Build strong, autonomously controllable intelligent infrastructure. Artificial intelligence is not a castle in the air (kōng zhōng lóu gé - "castle in the air," unrealistic fantasy). Behind it lie a complete set of digital foundations including network, computing power, data, models, server rooms, and security. Without stable, open, and trustworthy intelligent infrastructure, colleges and universities will find it difficult to support large-scale scientific research innovation and educational teaching applications, and also difficult to grasp the initiative in the development of artificial intelligence.
Treat computing power as a new type of educational infrastructure. In the past, the infrastructure of colleges and universities was more about classrooms, laboratories, and libraries; today, intelligent computing power is becoming a new basic condition, supporting all aspects of campus life. Colleges and universities should coordinate the layout of computing power according to their own teaching, research, and management needs, avoiding fragmented and inefficient construction.
Make autonomous controllability an important direction for infrastructure construction. Artificial intelligence infrastructure is not only a technical resource but also a security resource and a strategic resource. Colleges and universities should gradually enhance domestically produced computing power, adaptation of domestic software and hardware, and autonomous scheduling capabilities, forming a controllable, trustworthy, and sustainable support system at key junctures.
Make unified scheduling and public services the focus of construction. Within colleges and universities, there are many departments, many scenarios, and many demands. If each builds independently, it is easy to cause resource waste and security risks. A more effective approach is to build a university-level public artificial intelligence platform that uniformly provides computing power, models, data, knowledge bases, interfaces, security audits, and operation and maintenance monitoring, allowing different disciplines, different departments, and different teams to use it safely and efficiently.
Form an autonomously growing artificial intelligence capability system. As artificial intelligence develops to the present day, the capabilities of basic large models have advanced rapidly. The real competition is shifting from mere model parameter competition to comprehensive competition in domain knowledge, specialized data, engineering implementation, and trustworthy governance. The unique advantage of colleges and universities lies not in simply repeating the construction of general-purpose large models, but in being able to rely on disciplinary accumulation and real scenarios to promote the deep development of artificial intelligence into knowledge-intensive, professionally complex, and socially responsible directions.
Form interdisciplinary capability. Only when artificial intelligence is deeply integrated with specific disciplines can its value be truly released. Each disciplinary field contains a large amount of complex knowledge, professional rules, and real problems. Colleges and universities should leverage their comprehensive multidisciplinary advantages to promote the two-way integration of "AI+X" and "X+AI," enabling artificial intelligence to both serve disciplinary development and drive disciplinary paradigm change.
Form engineering transformation capability. Artificial intelligence applications are not simply about connecting to a model interface; they include a complete chain of requirements analysis, data governance, knowledge base construction, model adaptation, system development, testing and evaluation, security auditing, and continuous iteration. If colleges and universities lack engineering capability, many scientific research achievements and application ideas will find it difficult to truly land. Therefore, colleges and universities need to build composite support teams that understand business, technology, and governance.
Form open collaboration capability. Colleges and universities cannot develop artificial intelligence behind closed doors. They should actively collaborate with leading enterprises, scientific research institutions, local governments, and industry units, on the one hand absorbing advanced technology and engineering experience from the industry, and on the other hand transforming the disciplinary advantages, talent advantages, and scenario advantages of colleges and universities into industry innovation advantages.
Deeply embed artificial intelligence into real application scenarios. The value of artificial intelligence lies not in concepts, but in solving real problems. Colleges and universities possess a complete and complex application ecosystem, including various scenarios such as education and teaching, experimentation and practice, innovation and entrepreneurship, finance and logistics, assets and equipment, security and environment, medical care and health, property and transportation. This ecosystem serves as a comprehensive testing ground for artificial intelligence technology verification, product incubation, and model innovation.
Adhere to a problem-oriented approach, not technological showmanship. Artificial intelligence applications cannot start from "what models are available," but from "what problems need to be solved." Heavy lesson preparation burdens on teachers, low learning efficiency of students, difficulty in obtaining scientific research information, and numerous management service processes — these are real problems. Only by designing applications around these pain points and difficulties can artificial intelligence move from display to practical effect.
Adhere to process embedding, not starting from scratch (lìng qǐ lú zào - "set up a separate stove," to start something anew or do it differently). The reason many artificial intelligence applications have limited effect is that they have not entered the real business process, remaining only at the demonstration page or as single-point tools. Colleges and universities should promote the embedding of artificial intelligence into key processes of teaching, research, management, and service, making it a part of the daily use of teachers and students, rather than an additional new burden.
Adhere to being evaluable, iterable, and scalable. Artificial intelligence applications cannot only look at whether they are online, but also whether they improve efficiency, enhance experience, optimize quality, and reduce risk. Colleges and universities should establish an application evaluation mechanism, continuously monitor usage frequency, service effectiveness, teacher-student feedback, and security risks, and form replicable and scalable application models through iteration.
Return to the fundamental task of talent cultivation. Whether the wave of artificial intelligence can proceed steadily and reach far (xíng wěn zhì yuǎn - "steady travel reaches far," to proceed steadily for lasting success) ultimately depends on talent. All construction of platforms, capabilities, and applications by colleges and universities should ultimately return to the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing talent. The talent needed in the era of artificial intelligence is not just people who can use tools, but composite talents who understand technical principles, master professional knowledge, possess innovative ability, adhere to ethical boundaries, and can solve complex problems.
Promote artificial intelligence literacy as a basic capability for students. Colleges and universities should incorporate general education on artificial intelligence into the talent cultivation system, enabling students of different majors to understand the basic principles, application methods, risk boundaries, and ethical requirements of artificial intelligence.
Promote the cultivation of "AI+X" composite talents. The real change that artificial intelligence brings to the world often occurs in the process of combining with specific majors. Colleges and universities should encourage students to combine artificial intelligence with the majors they study, cultivating composite innovative talents who understand both artificial intelligence and industry problems.
Promote education through real projects. Artificial intelligence talent cannot be cultivated solely in the classroom; they must also grow in real tasks. Colleges and universities can transform real projects such as platform construction, application development, data governance, model development and evaluation into practical scenarios for students, allowing students to learn and grow through participation, and enhance their innovation ability while solving real problems.
For colleges and universities to bravely stand at the tide's crest (yǒng lì cháo tóu - "brave to stand at the tide's crest," to lead the trend) in the wave of artificial intelligence, they cannot rely on single-point breakthroughs but on systematic layout; they cannot rely on simple procurement but on capacity building; they cannot rely on concept display but on scenario implementation; they cannot rely on short-term heat but on long-term support from talent cultivation and governance systems. At the same time, in the process of embracing artificial intelligence, colleges and universities must always adhere to value guidance and security bottom lines. Artificial intelligence applications cannot only pursue efficiency improvement; they must also uphold educational laws, ethical norms, data security, and the principal status of human beings. Colleges and universities should formulate artificial intelligence ethical norms and related management measures, build a safe, trustworthy, healthy, and orderly application environment for artificial intelligence, while "using artificial intelligence" also emphasize "protecting artificial intelligence," and promote "artificial intelligence for good." Looking to the future, colleges and universities should continue to root themselves in educational practice, continuously consolidate the intelligent foundation, enhance innovation capacity, expand application scenarios, cultivate future talent, and strive to lead the way and set an example in the process of empowering the construction of a modernized strong country with artificial intelligence.
(The author is Vice President of Southeast University (东南大学))
Return to TopBy: 张建兵
In 2025, on this plot of land only 282 mu in size, Eastern Suburb Memory·Chengdu International Fashion Industrial Park (东郊记忆·成都国际时尚产业园) welcomed over 18 million visits—an average of nearly 50,000 people per day. As one of the parks within the Eastern Suburb Memory Art Zone (成都东郊记忆艺术区), Eastern Suburb Memory·Chengdu International Fashion Industrial Park has firmly secured its position as the "top trend" among Chengdu's many cultural and creative parks. Here, the remnants of the industrial era—factory buildings, railway tracks, smokestacks—are preserved, while the cultural creativity and artistic interests of modern urban life are integrated, making it truly a living sample of heritage revitalization born from the "industrial style."
"Eastern Suburb Memory" in History
Eastern Suburb Memory·Chengdu International Fashion Industrial Park is located in Chenghua District (成华区), Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, adjacent to the Sha River (沙河), a major waterway of Chengdu. This area was once a nationally famous electronic industrial base. In 1958, the state planned and built the State-Run Red Light Electronic Tube Factory (国营红光电子管厂) in the eastern suburb of Chengdu along the Sha River. Although today the eastern suburb area has become the old city district of Chengdu, surrounded by high-rise buildings and heavy traffic, in the 1950s and 1960s it was a stretch of farmland, with inconvenient transportation and living conditions, let alone industrial production. Under the call of "send good people and good horses to the Third Front (三线)," the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory soon gathered builders from all over the country. Starting from scratch, they worked with their heads down and toiled hard, creating a large-scale comprehensive electronic enterprise renowned nationwide, producing China's first black-and-white picture tube, the first projection picture tube, and achieving the reputation of "in the north there is Shougang, in the south there is Red Light." From the dense and compact industrial production facilities preserved today, one can still remotely imagine the glory of those years. However, in the 1990s, the restructuring of the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory was not very smooth, and it gradually moved toward bankruptcy. In 2009, Chengdu established the Eastern District Music Park (东区音乐公园) on the former site of the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory, which later developed into the present Eastern Suburb Memory·Chengdu International Fashion Industrial Park.
The development history of the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory is an important reflection of the country's development and changes. In the early days of the founding of New China, when the electronics industry was vigorously developed, the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory 应运而生 (yìng yùn ér shēng - "arise in response to the times," to emerge at the right moment). In that fiery era, generation after generation of Red Light people worked hard, innovated, and created, leaving their youth and dreams here; batch after batch of electronic industrial products were successfully developed here and left the Red Light production line, playing an important role in the industrial construction of the motherland. Amid the waves of the times, the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory completed its mission and withdrew from the historical stage, but the history and memory remain here, worthy of our preservation and recollection.
Modernization Transformation within the "Industrial Style"
The charm of industrial heritage lies not only in carrying the memories of the past but also in the truth and vividness of history. Eastern Suburb Memory·Chengdu International Fashion Industrial Park was transformed on the former site of the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory. It takes the multiple industrial historical and cultural relics left by the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory, and through modern technological transformation and atmosphere creation, effectively integrates them with cultural creativity such as music and fine arts, giving new life to the factory buildings that once blazed with lights and roared with machinery.
Entering the West Gate of Eastern Suburb Memory·Chengdu International Fashion Industrial Park, a blast furnace covered in rust comes into view—a symbol of the power of the construction era and a tribute to the industrial age. The park has carried out protective transformation of the historical relics of the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory, such as the old factory buildings, smokestacks, and pipe galleries, preserving the basic industrial production facilities and scenes while incorporating modern cultural markers, allowing the historical texture and modern culture to blend into one. Going deeper into the park, one can see various industrial heritages such as the hundred-meter-high smokestack and water tower, red-brick factory buildings, rust-covered steel pipes, including the famous "Ten Scenes of the Eastern Suburb Memory Park" (东郊记忆园区10景): the Chengdu Wall, the Industrial Horizontal Street, the Industrial Sculpture Area, the Jian-5 trainer aircraft (歼5教练机), the Waterfall Glass Shell Landscape (瀑布玻壳景观), the South Gate, and more. These are not only witnesses to the historical development of the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory but also visual heritage of China's industrial construction. Walking along the winding streets of the park, seeing the heavy industrial relics, one can almost hear the sound of machines running, returning to the fervent era of industrial production. The Locomotive Square (火车头广场) in the park is the most popular spot among visitors. An old steam locomotive pulling two green carriages sits quietly on the railway tracks, complementing the industrial factory buildings on both sides, telling of the heat and youth of the passionate era.
In addition to extensive transformation of the industrial relics, the park has also incorporated artistic creation elements. Various kinds of artistic graffiti cover the walls of factory buildings and street corners, and various artistic sculptures are placed along the roadsides of the blocks. For example, cast-iron seats transformed from industrial equipment through artistic modification allow people to sit down and rest while also experiencing the "residual warmth" of industrial equipment up close; the "Industrial Geometry" sculpture combines steel pipes, steel sheets, and metal components from industrial production through artistic processing into metal sculptures, achieving a perfect combination of industrial memory and artistic creation.
"Urban Hustle and Bustle" within the Heritage
The transformation of industrial heritage is not about replacing the old with the new, but about giving the old new vitality. On the basis of the protective transformation of the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory, Eastern Suburb Memory·Chengdu International Fashion Industrial Park has built dozens of exhibition and performance venues such as the Chengdu-Chongqing City Memory Hall (成渝城市记忆馆), the Plant Aesthetics Experience Hall (植物美学体验馆), and the Cultural and Creative Art Life Hall (文创艺术生活馆), and has also innovatively launched a series of new digital creative, trendy commercial formats. For example, the Wave Art Museum (浪美术馆), located in the former No. 1 factory building of the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory, was recently transformed into the Chengdu International Digital Art Museum (成都国际数字艺术馆). This is exactly a case of turning the original industrial factory building into a professional exhibition hall, then integrating digital technology to achieve an immersive digital art viewing experience—it is hard to imagine that this was once a factory building for industrial production. There is also the Grand Stage Teahouse (大戏台茶馆), transformed from an industrial factory building, where one can leisurely drink tea while feeling the heritage of the industrial era, vividly reflecting the leisure and comfort characteristics of the Sichuan region.
What is most distinctive about Eastern Suburb Memory·Chengdu International Fashion Industrial Park is its "preference" for young people. Whether in the design and transformation of the factory buildings, the configuration of the scenes, or the selection of commercial tenants, it fully considers the mentality and lifestyle of young people, introducing relatively trendy consumption scenes and cultural experiences. Cafés, rest spaces, niche markets, gourmet shops, and the like are scattered throughout the park. The park also regularly holds events such as the Light and Shadow Art Season (光影艺术季), the National Tide Exhibition (国潮展演), and art competitions. Here, one can sit on the ground and enjoy slow time, taste delicious food, take photos and check in, listen to music, watch exhibitions, and feel the city's hustle and bustle, adding a touch of youthful vigor and vitality to the heavy industrial heritage and historical accumulation. Recently, the Performance Center (演艺中心) in Building No. 1 of Eastern Suburb Memory·Chengdu International Fashion Industrial Park hosted the 2026 tour of the Ukrainian shoegaze midwestern rock band CORN WAVE. Listening to dynamic rock music in the mottled industrial factory buildings is deeply loved by young people.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that the protection of historical and cultural heritage must be given top priority, while at the same time it should be reasonably utilized so that it can fully play its role in providing public cultural services and meeting the spiritual and cultural needs of the people. Against the background of actively promoting the development of industrial tourism, Eastern Suburb Memory·Chengdu International Fashion Industrial Park fully integrates the industrial relics of the Red Light Electronic Tube Factory with trendy business formats and cultural creativity, achieving mutual enhancement and two-way empowerment, turning the industrial heritage into a new type of urban cultural and commercial space with history, memory, and the hustle and bustle of daily life. At present, the park has housed over 300 merchants, with an annual visitor flow of nearly 20 million, becoming a living sample of industrial heritage revitalization and a new landmark for cultural tourism check-ins.
Return to TopBy: 覃卫国
When the rule of law flourishes, the nation flourishes; when the rule of law is strong, the nation is strong. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed: "The foundation of the rule of law lies in the people. We must intensify efforts to popularize the law among the whole people, promote the spirit of socialist rule of law, enhance the concept of the rule of law among the whole people, improve the public legal service system, and consolidate the social foundation for law-based governance." The outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan proposes to deepen the construction of a law-based society, accelerate the development of the lawyer and other legal service workforce, improve inclusive public legal services, strengthen legal publicity and education, and foster a sound environment in which the whole society upholds the rule of law, abides by rules, respects contracts, and safeguards justice. Legal publicity and education constitute a long-term foundational task for comprehensively governing the country by law, and are a key measure for consolidating the foundation of the rule of law, building consensus on the rule of law, and cultivating belief in the rule of law. We must thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, fully implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on Legal Publicity and Education, promote the improvement of quality and efficiency of legal publicity and education work with a higher political stance, more concrete measures, and stronger sense of responsibility, continuously enhance the legal literacy of the whole people and the level of law-based social governance, and provide strong legal guarantees for advancing Chinese-style modernization.
Raise political positioning and deeply grasp the era connotation of legal publicity and education
Political and legal organs, as the main force in building the rule of law, must thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, and deeply understand the extreme importance of legal publicity and education from a political and overall perspective.
Legal publicity and education are a political requirement for practicing the "Two Upholds" (upholding General Secretary Xi Jinping's core position in the Party Central Committee and the Party as a whole, and upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee). The rule of law is an important pillar of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity; legal publicity and education are an important means to transform the Party's rule of law propositions into conscious actions of the whole people. We must always adhere to the Party's comprehensive leadership over legal publicity and education work, take promoting the deep rooting of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law in people's hearts as the primary task, promote the Party's theories, lines, and policies on the rule of law to take root and sprout, and guide the whole society to unswervingly follow the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.
Legal publicity and education are a strategy to consolidate the foundation (固本之策 - gù běn zhī cè, strategy to consolidate the foundation) for advancing grassroots governance. The grassroots level constitutes the "last kilometer" of rule of law construction, and legal publicity and education are the foundational project for raising the level of law-based grassroots governance. Only by continuously deepening law popularization among the whole people and constantly enhancing citizens' legal literacy can we prevent and resolve conflicts and disputes at the source, promote the formation of a sound environment in which affairs are handled according to law, problems are encountered by seeking law, solutions are found using law, and conflicts are resolved by relying on law, and lay a solid grassroots foundation for building a higher level of safe China and law-based China.
Legal publicity and education are an important guarantee for serving high-quality development. The rule of law is the best business environment; legal publicity and education are important supports for optimizing the business environment and escorting high-quality development. Through targeted law popularization and explanation of cases with the law, we guide business entities to operate legally, act with integrity and abide by the law, enhance the rules consciousness and contract spirit of the whole society, lawfully maintain the order of the market economy, and create a stable, fair, transparent, and predictable legal environment for high-quality economic and social development.
Focus on key tasks, make precise efforts to advance legal publicity and education to go deep and solid
Legal publicity and education in the new era must adhere to a people-centered approach, focus on key targets, key content, and key areas, innovate methods and means, enhance pertinence and effectiveness, and promote the transformation of legal publicity and education from a "popularization-type" to "precision-oriented", and from "one-way indoctrination" to "interactive participation" .
Highlight the "key minority", and strengthen legal education for leading cadres. Leading cadres are important organizers, promoters, and practitioners of comprehensive law-based governance, and must play the "head goose effect" (头雁效应 - tóu yàn xiào yìng, leading goose effect). Strictly implement the system of lists of inner-Party regulations and national laws that leading cadres should know and should know, incorporate Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and the Constitution and laws into the core content of the theoretical study central groups of Party committees (Party groups) and the main training sessions of Party schools (schools of administration). Improve systems such as annual law-reporting by leading cadres, legal training, and pre-appointment legal examinations, and continuously enhance leading cadres' ability to use legal thinking and legal methods to deepen reform, promote development, resolve conflicts, maintain stability, and respond to risks.
Focus on the "future majority", and firmly grasp legal education for young people. Young people are the future of building a law-based China; legal education must start from children. Thoroughly implement the "Outline for Legal Education of Young People", incorporate legal education into the national education system, promote full coverage of "legal vice principals" in primary and secondary schools, and regularly carry out activities such as "First Legal Lesson of the Semester" , "Mock Court" , and "Legal Summer Camp" . Focus on key areas such as protection of minors and prevention of juvenile delinquency, strengthen the construction of campus legal culture, and guide young people to fasten the "first button" of life.
Aim at "universal coverage" , and deepen precision law popularization at the grassroots. Adhere to a people-centered orientation for law popularization, integrate law popularization work into grassroots governance and into the lives of the masses. Deeply implement the action to enhance citizens' legal literacy, focus on basic laws such as the Constitution, the Civil Code, the Criminal Law, and the Public Security Administration Punishments Law, as well as areas of concern to the masses such as work safety, social security, marriage and family, and petition rights protection, and carry out regular, down-to-earth legal publicity. Implement the responsibility system of "whoever enforces the law popularizes the law" , promote law enforcement and judicial personnel to explain the law with cases in combination with case handling, and use things around to educate people around. Make good use of positions such as the New Era Civilization Practice Centers, village (community) rule of law cultural squares, and legal publicity boards, and carry out mass rule of law cultural activities in combination with traditional festivals and important time points, so that the rule of law enters thousands of households.
Closely follow the "central work" , and strengthen law popularization in key areas. Around key areas such as national security, rural revitalization, business environment, ecological and environmental protection, and cyberspace security, carry out targeted and precision-oriented law popularization. Strengthen publicity of the National Security Law, the Counter-Espionage Law, the Counter-Terrorism Law, etc., to build a solid national security defense line for the whole people; around rural revitalization, deeply publicize the Rural Revitalization Promotion Law, the Land Administration Law, the Rural Collective Economic Organization Law, etc., to assist in the construction of law-based villages; focus on optimizing the business environment, publicize the Civil Code, the Company Law, the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Promotion Law, etc., to guide business entities to operate legally and in compliance; strengthen publicity of the Eco-environmental Code, to promote the formation of green and low-carbon production and lifestyle; strengthen publicity of laws and regulations on network security, data security, personal information protection, etc., to guard a clear cyberspace.
Adhere to integrity and innovation, continuously improve the quality and effectiveness of legal publicity and education work
Legal publicity and education in the new era must adapt to new situations and new requirements, adhere to both integrity and innovation, continuously make breakthroughs in concepts, carriers, and mechanisms, and promote the high-quality development of legal publicity and education work.
Innovate publicity concepts, and promote the deep integration of law popularization and practice. Break the inertial thinking of "emphasizing form over substance" , adhere to the concept of "law popularization is governance, governance is law popularization" , and promote the deep integration of legal publicity and education with law-based governance, legal practice, and legal services. Integrate law popularization work throughout the entire process of law enforcement and justice, and simultaneously carry out publicity in each link of case filing, investigation, prosecution, trial, and execution; integrate law popularization into the entire process of conflict and dispute resolution, and explain the law and reason in people's mediation, administrative mediation, and judicial mediation; integrate law popularization into the entire process of public legal services, and through services such as legal consultation, legal aid, notarization, and arbitration, achieve "serve once, popularize law once" . Adhere to the combination of governing the country by law and governing the country by virtue, integrate core socialist values into legal publicity and education, promote red rule of law culture, inherit the excellent traditional Chinese legal culture, and promote the formation of a good atmosphere in which law brings peace to the world and virtue moisturizes people's hearts.
Innovate publicity carriers, and build an all-media law popularization matrix. Accelerate the formation of a new model of precise law popularization, and build a three-dimensional law popularization pattern of "online + offline" and "traditional + emerging" . Offline, establish a list of rule of law cultural venues, polish the "Jianghuai Law Popularization Tour" law popularization brand of Anhui, implement integration projects such as "Rule of Law + Intangible Cultural Heritage" and "Rule of Law + Cultural Tourism" , integrate the rule of law into characteristic cultural forms such as traditional festivals, folk activities, and folk art, so that the masses receive rule of law edification while relaxing and entertaining; online, continue to build the province's new media law popularization matrix with "Anhui Law Popularization" government WeChat as the leader, and Anhui Law Popularization Weibo and Anhui Law Popularization Network as the two wings. Use micro-videos, micro-animations, H5, IP images, emoticons, and other communication methods that the masses love to see and hear, create a batch of law popularization products with appeal, influence, and penetration, making law popularization more precise and effective. Guide newspapers, periodicals, radio, television and other news media and network service providers to fulfill their public interest law popularization responsibilities, set up law popularization columns and special topics in important pages, important channels, and important time slots, and promptly carry out authoritative and accurate legal interpretations of social hotspots and typical cases and incidents, promoting the normalization and institutionalization of media public interest law popularization.
Innovate work mechanisms, and gather strong synergy for law popularization work. Improve the legal publicity and education work mechanism of Party committee leadership, people's congress supervision, government leadership, coordination among parties, and social participation, forming a law popularization work pattern of vertical linkage, joint management, and coordinated effort. Revise the "Regulations of Anhui Province on Legal Publicity and Education", consolidate good experiences and practices, and transform them into regulations with rigid binding force. Establish and improve the "Three Lists One Letter" system for the responsibility system of "whoever enforces the law popularizes the law" , forming a closed-loop management system of clarifying responsibilities, reminders, supervision, and evaluation. Improve the assessment and evaluation mechanism for legal publicity and education, incorporate legal publicity and education work into the assessment system for rule of law and safe construction, strengthen the application of assessment results, and promote the implementation of various tasks on the ground.
Strengthen responsibility and ensure that all tasks of legal publicity and education are implemented and effective
Doing a good job in legal publicity and education in the new era carries great responsibility and a glorious mission. Political and legal organs at all levels in the province must strengthen their sense of responsibility, and push legal publicity and education work to a new level with excellent style and pragmatic measures.
Strengthen organizational leadership and consolidate work responsibilities. Party committees of political and legal affairs at all levels should place legal publicity and education work in an important position, incorporate it into the overall work deployment of political and legal work, regularly listen to work reports and study and solve major problems. The principal responsible comrades fulfill the responsibility of the first responsible person, personally deploy, personally inquire, personally coordinate, and personally supervise; the responsible deputy comrades fulfill the responsibility of the direct responsible person, grasp and implement various tasks in detail; all relevant departments divide work, closely cooperate, and form a joint work force.
Build a strong law popularization team and enhance professional capabilities. Strengthen the construction of full-time and part-time teams for legal publicity and education, cultivate and build regional law popularization and volunteer service brand projects in Anhui, strengthen the construction of the three teams of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" law popularization lecture group, law popularization volunteers, and "legal knowledgeable persons" , build a high-quality, professional, down-to-earth law popularization team, and provide professional, precise, and efficient legal publicity services to the masses. Strengthen the law popularization capacity building of political and legal police officers, make law popularization work a basic skill for political and legal police officers, and guide political and legal police officers to be both law enforcement and justice personnel and law popularization propagandists.
Strengthen inspection and evaluation, and seek practical results of work. Establish and improve the supervision and guarantee mechanism for legal publicity and education work, adopt methods such as regular inspections, random spot checks, and planning evaluations to supervise and guide. For units and individuals who work poorly or progress slowly, promptly issue law popularization reminders and order them to make corrections within a time limit. Implement and refine the Law on Legal Publicity and Education, promote the transformation of legal publicity and education work from "soft tasks" to "hard constraints" , and ensure that all tasks are implemented and effective.
(The author is a member of the Standing Committee of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee and Secretary of the Provincial Political and Legal Affairs Committee)
Integrated advancement of the “three non-corruptions” (三不腐) is the strategic lever for deepening both symptoms and root causes in anti-corruption; it must persist in strict punishment, precise governance, effective prevention, and integrated handling. Huadian International Power Company Limited (华电国际电力股份有限公司, hereinafter referred to as Huadian International) uses warning and deterrence to strengthen daring not to corrupt, uses supervision and constraint to strengthen being unable to corrupt, uses integrity education to strengthen not wanting to corrupt, and uses mechanism optimization to strengthen coordinated force, continuously nurturing a clean and upright political ecosystem and advancing the construction of a clean enterprise to go deeper and be more solid.
Increase the intensity of investigation and punishment, strengthen the deterrence of “daring not to corrupt”
Improve the quality and efficiency of case investigation and handling. Adhere to the principle that every case must be investigated and every instance of corruption must be punished; severely punish violations of discipline and law such as disobeying orders and defying prohibitions; strictly investigate problems of interest exchange and backroom dealing that wear the cloak of “procedural compliance,” such as relying on the enterprise to eat off the enterprise; punish hidden corruption such as “shadow companies” and “shadow shareholders”; always maintain a high-pressure posture of punishing corruption. Actively dig deep for problem clues, compare with problems fed back by higher-level inspections and audits to dig deep and investigate carefully; keep a close eye on key areas such as asset mergers and acquisitions, bidding and procurement; keep a close eye on key targets such as the “critical few,” especially “first-in-command” leaders and members of leadership teams; whenever a case is discovered, resolutely investigate and punish it, carrying the strict tone, strict measures, and strict atmosphere through to the end.
Deepen simultaneous investigation and joint governance of misconduct and corruption. Improve the mechanism for simultaneous investigation and joint governance of unhealthy tendencies and corruption problems; adhere to “inspect every holiday”; carry out special inspections of the “four winds” (四风) using the “four no’s and two directs” (四不两直) method; strictly investigate problems such as unauthorized eating and drinking, unauthorized acceptance and giving of gifts and money, using weddings and funerals to collect money, and using public vehicles for private purposes. From misconduct to corruption, follow the line and dig deep; strictly investigate problems such as cliques, favor-seeking, and power-for-money deals hidden behind “human relations and social interactions”; from corruption to misconduct, achieve two-way breakthroughs; whenever investigating corruption, always investigate the “four winds”; thoroughly investigate and expose the unhealthy tendencies of the persons involved, cutting off the chain of evolution from misconduct to corruption. Deepen the empowerment of technology; make good use of platforms such as “Clean Huadian” (清廉华电) digital-intelligent supervision and accountability for illegal business investment; enhance the penetration of “human prevention + technical prevention” supervision over misconduct and corruption.
Do deep and solid warning education. Huadian International holds a warning education conference at the beginning of each year, reporting typical cases of discipline and law violations within the enterprise, using “cases from around us” to warn “people around us,” continuously improving the pertinence of education on Party conduct and clean governance. Establish a “Discipline Lecture Hall”; implement a model of “going out + inviting in + normalization”; regularly organize Party members and cadres to go to prisons, detention centers, and court trials of duty-related crimes for “immersive” education; each year invite experts and scholars to “deliver lessons on site” to explain Party discipline and state law, analyze typical cases of discipline and law violations; each month compile and distribute the Special Reader for the “Discipline Lecture Hall”; invite leading cadres such as members of the leadership team and Party branch secretaries to step onto the podium, preach discipline, and give warnings.
Grasp the measure of supervision, build the dike of “being unable to corrupt”
Construct a full-coverage system of institutions and mechanisms. Focus on the exercise of power, keep a close eye on privileged behavior; formulate institutional provisions such as the Implementation Measures of Huadian International for Implementing the “Three Important and One Large” Decision-Making System (三重一大) and the Implementation Measures of Huadian International on Strengthening Supervision over “First-in-Command” Leaders and Leadership Teams; build an institutional system based on 196 regulations and structured as “three verticals and three horizontals” (三纵三横). Solidly advance the cleanup and optimization of institutions; formulate and implement an institutional construction plan each year; strengthen supervision over “establishment, revision, and abolition”; promote the establishment of all institutions that should be established, revision of all that should be revised, and abolition of all that should be abolished; ensure that enterprise institutions are dense but not cumbersome, effective and practical.
Explore effective measures to regulate the exercise of power. Focus on the “critical few”; compile pocket books such as the Huadian International Party Members and Cadres Daily Performance of Duties Code of Conduct and the Huadian International Party Member Leading Cadres Implementation of “One Post with Dual Responsibilities” Work Checklist (一岗双责); publicly disclose the code of conduct and negative list for leading cadres’ performance of duties; distribute them to all employees of the enterprise. Focus on key positions; formulate the Huadian International Integrity Risk Prevention and Control Manual; clarify the approval processes for the exercise of power in areas such as major matter decision-making, appointment and removal of important cadres, and use of large sums of funds. Focus on the publicity and implementation of institutions; after institutions are issued, promptly carry out publicity, training, and explanation work; guide all personnel to study institutions, understand powers and responsibilities, and clarify requirements.
Improve the supervision mechanism for institutional implementation. Business departments, in accordance with the requirement “whoever formulates the institution is responsible for its supervision,” specify supervision clauses and accountability content for new institutions in the form of a “special chapter.” Functional departments fulfill the responsibility of institutional management; in accordance with supervision clauses and relevant accountability provisions, strictly assess rewards and punishments; promptly correct situations that violate institutions; improve the effectiveness of institutional implementation. Discipline inspection departments play the role of “supervision of supervision”; focus on the implementation of institutions; inspect violations of discipline and law; continuously enhance the rigidity of institutional implementation.
Expand the depth of education, strengthen the consciousness of “not wanting to corrupt”
Use ideals and convictions to strengthen the foundation and consolidate the root. Adhere to the “first agenda” system; deeply study and implement Xi Jinping’s thought on Party building; achieve a full-chain closed-loop management of “conveying and studying, researching and deploying, implementing and carrying out, supervising and promoting, tracking and evaluating results”; promote the innovative theory of the Party to take root and sprout. Solidly carry out education on Party discipline and learning, and deeply implement education on the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulations (中央八项规定); learn discipline, know discipline, understand discipline, and abide by discipline; enhance the political resolve, disciplinary resolve, moral resolve, and anti-corruption resolve of Party members and cadres. Carry out high-standard education on establishing and practicing a correct view of performance; integrate advancement of learning, inspection, and rectification; organize special training at the Jiao Yulu Cadre College (焦裕禄干部学院); educate and guide Party members and cadres to temper Party spirit, strengthen practical responsibility, and adhere to principles and bottom lines.
Use clean culture to enlighten wisdom and moisten the heart. Cultivate a clean culture; earnestly implement the Opinions of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening the Construction of Clean Culture in the New Era (中共中央办公厅《关于加强新时代廉洁文化建设的意见》); take root in the Huadian cultural system; summarize the enterprise’s experience in Party conduct and clean government construction and anti-corruption work since the 19th Party Congress; after careful refinement and summarization, create the “Qinghe Ten Cleans” (清和十廉) clean culture with “clear distinction between public and private, integrity and incorruptibility” as the core concept and the “eight views on integrity” as the main content. Carry out cultural publicity; through a four-wheel linkage approach of building clean culture positions, producing cultural peripheral products, carrying out clean culture publicity and implementation activities, and promoting the solidification of cultural concepts into institutions; construct six major clean units with enterprise characteristics: “clean headquarters, clean departments, clean offices, clean positions, clean families, clean lives”; promote clean culture to enter the mind and heart.
Use fine family traditions to build walls and guard the gate. Emphasize family, family education, and family traditions; establish the Huadian International Leading Cadres Clean Archives and update them annually; grasp in detail the family situations of leading cadres; regulate the business activities of spouses and children of leading cadres; urge leading cadres to educate and manage their relatives and staff; consciously take the lead in establishing good family traditions. Strengthen contact with the family members of cadres and workers; each year organize the signing of the Huadian International Party Members and Cadres Self-Discipline and Family Assistance Integrity Commitment Letter; hold activities such as clean culture works exhibitions and “write a clean letter home”; invite family members and children of cadres and workers to participate; deepen the linkage and interaction between the enterprise and families; effectively build a family “clean defense line.”
Optimize coordination mechanisms, enhance the comprehensive effectiveness of governing corruption
Optimize the anti-corruption work mechanism. The Party Committee of Huadian International resolutely shoulders the main responsibility of governing the Party and managing the Party; establish a working mechanism of “eight ones” (八个一): hold one warning education conference each year, formulate and implement one special work outline each year, carry out one special research and deployment every six months, establish one anti-corruption propaganda and education month each year, etc.; effectively and efficiently eradicate the soil that breeds corruption. Adhere to integrating into daily life and grasping regularly; take the creation of “three cleans” (三清) (clean cadres, clean enterprises, clean politics) as the starting point; take accelerating the construction of a strong and large first-class energy listed company as the focal point; formulate more than 80 specific work plans each year; closely integrate anti-corruption work with the enterprise’s production and operation, listed company governance, and other central tasks; use a good political ecosystem to escort enterprise development.
Optimize the responsibility implementation mechanism. Huadian International formulates systems such as the List of Main Responsibilities of the Party Committee for Comprehensively Strictly Governing the Party, the Implementation Measures for the Responsibility System for Party Conduct and Clean Government Construction, and the Assessment Measures for Grassroots Party Branch Work; construct an anti-corruption network jointly composed of the Party Committee Secretary, Party Committee members, Discipline Inspection Commission Secretary, Discipline Inspection Commission members, Party work departments, Party branches, Party branch discipline inspection committee members, Party members, and employees; clarify the responsibilities and obligations of various subjects. By organizing the signing of the Responsibility Letter for Party Conduct and Clean Government Construction and the Departmental Target Task Letter; establish and implement a working mechanism of “quarterly supervision, semi-annual reporting, annual assessment”; incorporate the performance of responsibilities into the enterprise’s annual performance assessment; form a work pattern of “each level is responsible to the level above, grasp this level well and lead the level below, vigorously strengthen the grassroots and consolidate the foundation.”
Optimize the mechanism for integration and coordination. In work, make good use of the strategic lever of integrated advancement of the “three non-corruptions”; Huadian International persists in strict punishment, precise governance, effective prevention, and integrated handling; place greater emphasis on coordinated force; promote mutual promotion among various measures during implementation and mutual reinforcement in work results. In force coordination, by regularly holding the enterprise’s coordination group meeting on Party conduct and clean government construction and anti-corruption work, promote the integration and coordination of various types of supervision such as discipline inspection, auditing, finance, Party building, organization and personnel, and risk control; form a good situation of shared supervision information, joint promotion of supervision work, and shared supervision results; enhance the quality and efficiency of proactively discovering problems and investigating clues of violations of discipline and law; promote the continuous enhancement of the enterprise’s corruption governance effectiveness.
(Party Committee of Huadian International Power Company Limited)
Return to TopBy: 胡晓东
Adhering to the Party’s leadership and strengthening Party building are the glorious tradition of China’s state-owned enterprises, the “root” and “soul” of state-owned enterprises, and the unique advantage of China’s state-owned enterprises. In recent years, the Party Committee of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Weifang Power Supply Company (国网山东省电力公司潍坊供电公司, hereinafter referred to as State Grid Weifang Power Supply Company), with the political responsibility of a national advanced grassroots Party organization, has deeply studied and implemented the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speeches and important instructions and directives, implemented the State Grid Corporation of China’s new-era high-quality Party building project and State Grid Shandong Electric Power’s outstanding value Party building system, focused on empowering “affairs” and empowering “people,” vigorously implemented the “Party building empowerment” action, and provided strong energy support for the high-quality economic and social development of the local area.
Promote the integrated advancement and integrated implementation of Party building and production operations. Firmly practice the new energy security strategy of “Four Revolutions, One Cooperation” (四个革命、一个合作), firmly act as the main force in building a new-type power system, and assist in building a strong energy country. State Grid Weifang Power Supply Company adheres to “Party building empowerment, taking affairs as the key,” focuses on the central tasks of production and operations, with the Party Committee leading and escorting, Party branches improving quality and shaping capabilities, and Party members leading and demonstrating, to promote the deep integration of Party building work and production operations.
The Party Committee leads and escorts, making good use of the “baton.” Fully leverage the Party Committee’s leadership role of “setting the direction, managing the overall situation, and promoting implementation.” First, set work principles well, establishing two principles for Party building empowerment project construction: one is to eliminate “two skins” (两张皮, separation between Party building and business), selecting projects from existing business deployments, resolutely not “starting a new stove” and increasing the burden on grassroots units; the second is to highlight the “three mosts” (三个最): it must be the most important for the company’s performance improvement, the most prominent in indicator shortcomings, and the most difficult among key tasks. Second, carefully select projects, organizing each Party branch to focus on key task needs, at the beginning of each year re-screening the key work passed by the Workers’ Congress and annual work conference, selecting more than 1,800 projects, and clarifying the targets for Party building empowerment. Finally, strengthen process control, holding Party building empowerment promotion meetings from time to time, with leading team members responsible for key projects according to division of labor, going deep into the grassroots frontline to carry out inspection and supervision using the “four noes and two directs” (四不两直, no notification, no greeting, no listening to reports, no accompanying; direct to the grassroots, direct to the scene) method, ensuring projects are advanced forcefully and orderly.
Party branches improve quality and shape capabilities, acting as a good “catalyst.” Party building and business work are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Party building work must not only take the initiative to assume responsibility without being absent, but also guard the boundaries without overstepping, just like a “catalyst,” making the “main raw material” of business chemical reactions more efficient, carried out faster, more precise, and better. In project division and cooperation, business work is overall planned by the administrative head, who sets goals, grasps measures, and manages progress; the Party branch secretary, on the other hand, does a good job in Party building work from four aspects: atmosphere creation, morale improvement, resource integration, and personnel allocation, empowering and energizing business work. In project advancement and implementation, each Party branch regularly studies and discusses major matters and key issues through the branch committee or party member assembly, clarifying the tasks each branch committee member and each party member should undertake and the responsibilities they should fulfill. In project quality and effectiveness evaluation, Party building assessment is linked to performance appraisal, guiding Party branches to embody the role of Party building in grasping integration and promoting development.
Party members lead and demonstrate, acting as good “vanguard.” To fully leverage the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members, establish mechanisms, build platforms, and emphasize incentives, making the Party emblem shine at the forefront of integration projects. In terms of establishing mechanisms, establish a “three mosts” mechanism for the role of Party members, clarifying that “the most difficult positions are assigned to Party members who are best at tackling tough problems, the heaviest tasks are assigned to Party members who are best at upholding integrity and innovation, and the most urgent work is assigned to Party members who are best at fighting and dedicating,” concentrating vanguard forces at key points. In terms of building platforms, each Party branch, based on actual conditions, sets up Party member demonstration posts, responsibility zones, service teams, and突击 teams, extensively carrying out activities such as “Party Branch Secretary on Site” and “Party Members Taking the Lead in Ensuring Safety,” allowing Party members to play their role on the front line. In terms of emphasizing incentives, organize sharing of excellent cases of Party building empowerment, through the company website, building television systems, etc., let advanced figures “go out,” let typical experiences “come alive,” and incentivize the formation of a good situation where Party organizations “discuss affairs,” Party organization secretaries “think about affairs,” and Party members “do affairs” on the front line.
Lead the construction of the talent team with high-quality Party building. Strengthening empowerment for “people” and cultivating an excellent electric power iron army are practical needs for promoting the company’s high-quality development. The Party Committee of State Grid Weifang Power Supply Company adheres to “Party building empowerment, people-oriented,” forging the value orientation of “loyalty to the Party, loyalty to the enterprise, loyalty to the post,” providing strong talent support for implementing the “Party building empowerment” action and promoting the construction of “New-quality Weifang Electric Power” (新质潍电).
Strengthen theoretical armed forces, promote strengthening roots and casting soul. Emphasize the integration of theory with practice, consciously use the Party’s innovative theories to arm the mind, guide practice, and promote work. Grasp political theory study solidly, strictly implement the “first agenda” (第一议题) system, do a solid job in the Party Committee theory study center group’s “video observation” demonstration study, the Party branch’s “key party lesson” in-depth study, and the work team’s “ideological and political classroom” follow-up study, deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the “two establishments” (两个确立), and resolutely achieve the “two upholds” (两个维护). Solidly advance learning and education, deeply carry out learning and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, take the integrated advancement of learning, inspection, and rectification as the starting point, do a high-quality job in problem identification, rectification and remediation, and establishment of rules and systems, guide the majority of Party members and cadres to persist in making political achievements for the people and making political achievements through practical work. Extensively carry out theoretical propaganda, establish an enterprise lecturer group, develop more than 100 high-quality courses, go deep into the grassroots to carry out more than 2,000 propaganda sessions, reaching more than 60,000 people, twice winning the first prize in Shandong Province’s theoretical propaganda competition, and winning the Excellent Award for grassroots theoretical propaganda micro-video on the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party by central enterprises.
Cultivate excellent culture, promote moistening the heart and empowering. Only by advancing cultural creation in the continuation of historical context can we thicken the cultural foundation for the enterprise’s evergreen foundation. On the one hand, focus on cherishing and protecting the century-old Weifang Electric Power historical context, excavate the significant value of meritorious old stations, rely on Shandong Province’s first newly built 220 kV substation — Jia Zhuang Station (贾庄站), build the Weifang Power Grid Development History Exhibition Hall (潍坊电网发展历史陈列馆) to a high standard, carry out activities such as “oral history” by veteran comrades, greatly enhancing employee pride; the “Weifang Power Grid Development History Exhibition Hall and Early Substation Group” was selected as Shandong Provincial Industrial Heritage and Shandong Province Electric Power Industry Science Popularization Education Base. On the other hand, focus on enterprise culture empowering employee team building, centering on the entire process of employee career, highlighting the growth of young employees, the motivation of backbone employees, and the care for retired employees, creating a “six-style moistening heart” (六式润心) cultural inheritance project with Weifang Electric Power characteristics, through forms such as setting sail to gather hearts, tempering to purify hearts, and honoring the virtuous to inspire hearts, enhance employees’ sense of value identification and enterprise belonging, and create a strong atmosphere of “one chessboard, one family, one heart, one effort.”
Innovate integrated media propaganda, promote gathering hearts and uniting strength. Give full play to the role of propaganda work in “guiding, gathering, supporting, and serving,” internally gather hearts and boost morale, externally display image. Seize propaganda opportunities from the national general trend, effectively enhance the ability to grasp the “great affairs of the state” (国之大者). Obtain planning priorities from the company’s important matters, promote the five-step work method of “planning, implementation, summary, refinement, propaganda,” carry out pre-planning around key projects, new energy development, and other key work, and frontier practices such as whole-village distributed photovoltaics have been widely reported by mainstream media at all levels. Tell power grid stories from the perspective of social responsibility, release the company’s white paper on serving local economic development for three consecutive years, make the “Electric Brightening Kite Capital” (电靓鸢都) service brand well-known, win the “Shandong Social Responsibility Enterprise” three times, win the first prize in the National Brand Story Competition, and be rated as an excellent brand story of central enterprises twice.
The innovative practice of the “Party building empowerment” action has injected strong momentum into business work and team building, effectively promoting high-quality development led by high-quality Party building. Weifang Power Grid has become an important receiving ground for the national UHV and a hub for west-to-east power transmission in Shandong Province, building the largest municipal power grid in the province. State Grid Weifang Power Supply Company’s electricity sales have remained first in the province for 14 consecutive years.
(The author is the Party Committee Secretary and Deputy General Manager of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Weifang Power Supply Company)
Return to TopA party branch is a fortress; a party member is a flag. The vast majority of party members should be distinguishable in ordinary times, stand up at critical moments, and step forward at times of crisis, fully displaying the vanguard and exemplary role. The Binzhou Municipal Party Committee’s Organs Work Committee of Shandong Province (山东省滨州市委市直机关工委) thoroughly studies and implements Xi Jinping’s thought on party building, innovatively implements the “Contribute in Your Post, I Must Be There” (岗位建功・必定有我) vanguard leading action, takes “temper vanguards, promote vanguards, strive to be vanguards” as the main line, perfects a series of measures, guides party members in municipal organs to actively show their identity, serve as vanguards, and set examples, and with a strong party member team provides powerful momentum for the construction of quality Binzhou.
Cast the soul and empower, comprehensively temper vanguards. Focusing on “letting vanguards 脱颖而出 (tuō yǐng ér chū - “the point of an awl protrudes from the bag,” to stand out),” build a chain of growth and cultivation with step-by-step advancement and integration of learning and application, comprehensively shape a vanguard team that is politically firm, has strong skills, and strives for first-class. Innovate theory to “cast the soul.” Adhere to the integration of “learning, questioning, thinking, discerning, and acting,” create a “four-in-one” party member training system of ideological and political classrooms, industrial learning halls, skills lecture halls, and cultural assembly halls, construct a normalized closed-loop mechanism for theoretical learning, conduct 7 special training sessions, training over 1,680 party members. Deeply promote the youth theory improvement action, collect over 150 essays on “Party’s innovative theory and youth development” and “Youth heart words,” etc., complete the three courses of theoretical learning, party spirit exercise, and grassroots practice. Enrich carriers to “empower.” Hold events such as the “View and Understand Binzhou, Foresee the Future” debate, and the “Books Moisturize Youth, Bear the Mission; with One Heart Fulfill Duties, Practice the Original Aspiration” reading sharing session, share insights, build consensus. Investigate and tackle 240 “key small matters,” select 20 “best answer sheets,” truly transform theoretical achievements into ideas for planning development, measures for promoting implementation, and abilities for solving difficulties. Print “toolkits,” organize “training camps,” build “display platforms,” provide “support packages,” continuously improve the professional and standardized level of fulfilling duties. Practice and exercise to “sharpen action.” Implement “take the list and take command” for key tasks, determine 148 party building projects for organs, 89 “secretary projects.” Carry out 268 activities such as “Fulfill Entrepreneurs’ Dreams, Party Members in Organs in Action,” “Efficiently Accomplish One Thing,” “Walk into the 12345 Hotline,” calibrate the course in practice.
Select and set benchmarks, fully promote vanguards. Aim to gather “the power of examples,” deeply dig into vivid frontline stories, set up industry vanguards by levels and categories, pay attention to telling the “vanguard story” well, make advanced models stand firm, spread widely, and be learnable. Strictly hold standards to “precisely select.” Focusing on 8 aspects including the construction of a city of peace of mind (心安城市), promotion of key projects, youth theoretical learning, etc., build a normalized, standardized, and full-coverage typical selection and establishment system, strictly screen and filter, deeply excavate grassroots party organizations and party members emerging from various fronts who are courageous in taking responsibility, daring to overcome difficulties, and willing to contribute, commend 192 “two excellences and one advanced” (两优一先), select and set 18 “role models around us,” use people around to inspire striving power. Multi-dimensional voice to “vividly tell.” Build a three-dimensional publicity matrix, open a special program “Flag Leading, Rise Binzhou Vanguards” on municipal TV, regularly display typical vanguard cases of municipal organs; open columns such as “Role Models Around Us” and “Work Hard to Rise Binzhou, Face-to-Face with Vanguards” in major municipal media, broadcast 20 episodes of typical deeds; hold a special party class on “The Power of Examples,” tell vivid stories of 8 examples including the brave anti-drug police, petition workers who go deep among the masses, etc., use “small stories” to illustrate “big principles,” make role models around become “living textbooks.” Align and keep pace to “deeply learn.” Carry out “learn benchmarks, compare with benchmarks, create benchmarks” activities, organize party members in organs to find gaps, supplement shortcomings, and strengthen weak points against vanguard models. Include example deeds as required content in special training for grassroots party organization secretaries and party affairs cadres, conduct 8 sharing of example deeds in various training classes, guide party members in organs to take advanced as benchmarks and examples as strength, turn the enthusiasm of learning from examples into actions of fulfilling duties.
Work hard and tackle difficulties, all strive to be vanguards. Adhere to “one person drives a group of people,” fully play the vanguard demonstration and leading role, guide party members in organs to all strive for excellence and create excellence in all areas, leap from “a few vanguards shine” to “all members are strong overall.” Be vanguards in development tackling. Focus on the core battlefield of the “three major campaigns” of investment attraction, project construction, and industrial economy, implement the “Walk in Front, Bravely Strive to Be First” action for party members in organs, organize 89 party organizations in organs to carry out 310 activities; implement the full-chain service mechanism of “investment promotion specialist + party member help agent,” cover the entire process from project matching, negotiation and inspection, to signing and landing, and construction start; organize “party member vanguard teams” to regularly go deep into the front line, carry out 127 “four deliveries” services, precisely help enterprise development. Be vanguards in improving quality and efficiency. Focus on the “three major actions” of enhancing vitality of market entities, internal motivation of cadres, and risk prevention capability, through the “Binzhou Enterprise Benefits” platform, carrying out “Government and Enterprise of One Heart, Pro-Clean Tea Affairs” activities, etc., regularly answer questions for cluster enterprises; organize 103 skill competitions and post training, encourage party members and cadres to actively improve service skills; set up “party member responsibility zones” in key areas and important posts, carry out “large-scale investigation” of risks and hidden dangers, build a solid safety barrier for high-quality development, use party member vanguards to drive style transformation, momentum stimulation, and efficiency improvement. Be vanguards in serving the people. Focus on the “three environments” of business environment, ecological environment, and social environment, continuously carry out 89 events of “Fulfill Entrepreneurs’ Dreams, Party Members in Organs in Action,” “Party Members Claim a Patch of Green,” etc., deepen the “dual reporting” (双报到) mechanism, accumulatively solve 762 small matters for community residents, guide party members in organs to regularly participate in community governance, help build a “city of peace of mind,” with the most concrete actions, comprehensively create a development environment that is suitable for business and living, stable and harmonious.
(Binzhou Municipal Party Committee’s Organs Work Committee of Shandong Province)
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 14. On July 14, the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) (中共中央党校（国家行政学院）) held the graduation ceremony for the 2026 spring semester. Cai Qi (蔡奇), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and President (Dean) of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance), attended the graduation ceremony and issued graduation certificates to the students.
The Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) had 1,940 students graduating in this cohort. At the graduation ceremony, eight student representatives delivered speeches. All were unanimous in reflecting that this period of study coincided with the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. Through deeply studying and carefully comprehending Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, intensively studying the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, deeply studying and comprehending Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, solidly carrying out study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of performance, and systematically receiving Party theoretical education, Party spirit education, and training in performance capabilities, they further enhanced their high degree of consciousness in firmly upholding the "Two Establishments" (两个确立 - the establishment of Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and the establishment of the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era) and resolutely achieving the "Two Upholds" (两个维护 - uphold Comrade Xi Jinping's core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee), further improved their theoretical literacy, enhanced their Party spirit cultivation, and strengthened their capacity for modernization construction. All expressed that after returning to their work posts, they will persist in using the Party's innovative theories to gather hearts and minds and forge the soul, earnestly study and implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important "July 1" speech, strengthen confidence, continue to strive, and constantly create new achievements worthy of the times and the people.
Return to TopNews Dispatch On July 13, the National Party School (Administrative Academy) symposium on “the original and theoretical contributions of Xi Jinping’s important thought on united front work in the new era” was held in Hefei, Anhui. It was hosted by the United Front Teaching and Research Department of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) (中央党校（国家行政学院）), the United Front Research Center (统一战线研究中心), the Research Base for Forging the Sense of Community of the Chinese Nation (铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地), and the Special Think Tank for Religious Work (宗教工作特色智库), and was organized by the Party School (Administrative Academy) of the Anhui Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China (安徽省委党校（行政学院）). Gong Weibin (龚维斌), Vice President of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance), and Wei Shengbin (蔚盛斌), Member of the Standing Committee of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee and Head of the United Front Work Department, attended the meeting and delivered speeches.
Gong Weibin emphasized that the magnificent and stirring course of struggle of the patriotic united front in the new era provides valuable resources for deepening research on the Party’s innovative theory of the united front, and urgently requires Party schools (administrative academies) to demonstrate new achievements in advancing research on the Party’s innovative theory of the united front. It is necessary to strengthen disciplinary awareness and highlight originality and theory; to grasp research priorities and focus on main responsibilities and main businesses; to adhere to the “two combinations” (两个结合), expand methods and approaches, and strive to produce united front research results that reflect the style of the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Du Yiguo (杜义国), full-time Deputy Secretary of the Party Branch of the United Front Teaching and Research Department of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance), and Pan Liquan (潘理权), Vice President of the Party School (Administrative Academy) of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee, presided over the conference speeches. Wang Yanzhong (王延中), former Director of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Xu Feng (徐锋), Director of the United Front Theory Teaching and Research Department of the Central Institute of Socialism; Xiao Cunliang (肖存良), Professor of the School of Marxism of Fudan University; Chen Yong (陈勇), Party Group Member and Deputy Director of the Beijing Institute of Socialism; Zhang Shirong (张仕荣), Director of the “One Country, Two Systems” (一国两制) and National Unity Teaching and Research Office of the United Front Teaching and Research Department of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance); Zheng Qi (郑琦), Director of the Teaching and Research Office for Non-Party Intellectuals and New Social Strata; and experts and scholars from multiple Party schools (administrative academies) in Beijing, Tianjin, Anhui, Yunnan, Ningxia, Harbin, and elsewhere delivered conference speeches centered on the theme of “the original and theoretical contributions of Xi Jinping’s important thought on united front work in the new era.” Shao Ming (邵明), Vice President of the Party School (Administrative Academy) of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee, delivered the conference summary at the closing ceremony.
Experts and scholars from the United Front Teaching and Research Department of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance), the Party schools (administrative academies) of provincial, autonomous region, and directly-administered municipality party committees, and the Party schools (administrative academies) of sub-provincial city party committees in the field of united front work attended the symposium.
Return to TopNews Report — From June 27 to 28, the High-Quality Development Theory Seminar and the 21st Economics Annual Conference of the National Party School (Administration Academy) System (全国党校（行政学院）系统第二十一届经济学年会) was held at the Party School of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the CPC (Chongqing Administration Academy) (重庆市委党校（行政学院）). This annual conference, with the theme “Deeply Study Xi Jinping: Selected Works on Economy Volume I (《习近平经济文选》第一卷), Promote High-Quality Development,” was hosted by the Department of Economics Teaching and Research of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) (中央党校（国家行政学院）) and organized by the Party School of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the CPC (Chongqing Administration Academy). More than 100 experts and scholars from the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) and Party schools (Administration Academies) of provincial, autonomous region, and directly-administered municipality party committees nationwide, the Party School of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Party Committee (Administration Academy) (新疆生产建设兵团党委党校（行政学院）), and Party schools (Administration Academies) of sub-provincial city party committees attended.
At the opening ceremony, Liu Xiaowu (刘晓吾), Executive Vice President (Vice Dean) of the Party School of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the CPC (Chongqing Administration Academy), and Zhao Zhenhua (赵振华), Director of the Department of Economics Teaching and Research of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance), delivered speeches respectively. Liu Xiaowu emphasized that this meeting is an important academic platform for the Party school (Administration Academy) system to sense the power of thought, solve development problems, and explore frontier practices, and is of great significance for systematically grasping the scientific system of Xi Jinping Economic Thought (习近平经济思想) and constructing China’s independent economics knowledge system. In his speech, Zhao Zhenhua elucidated the principled contributions of Xi Jinping Economic Thought, holding that these achievements both expand Marxist political economy and contain groundbreaking innovations based on the new era, and will continue to guide China’s economic development to new achievements.
In the keynote report segment, 14 experts and scholars conducted in-depth exchanges around major theoretical and practical issues such as constructing an independent knowledge system for regional economics, coordinating high-quality economic and financial development, patient capital driving the integration of “dual new” (双新融合), comprehensively rectifying “involution-style competition” (内卷式竞争), the impact of artificial intelligence on employment, the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area international science and technology innovation center, and the history of economic investigation and research and its development in the new era. The conference received a total of 231 papers, of which 107 were selected, setting a new historical high. Participating experts generally believed that the topics of this report had broad coverage and a strong sense of problem awareness, focusing both on the theoretical interpretation of Xi Jinping Economic Thought and responding to practical hotspots such as new quality productive forces (新质生产力), a modernized industrial system, and regional coordinated development. In addition to the plenary speeches, the conference also set up group discussions, where representatives 各抒己见 (gè shū jǐ jiàn - “each expresses his own views”) and clashed ideas on high-quality development.
The participating representatives unanimously stated that they would take this conference as an opportunity to continue deeply studying and carefully comprehending Xi Jinping Economic Thought, closely adhere to the major topic of Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化), continuously improve the level of teaching, scientific research, and advisory work, and contribute to constructing an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences.
News report. On July 4, the 40th anniversary seminar and 2026 annual meeting of the Contemporary World Socialism Professional Committee of the Chinese Scientific Socialism Society (中国科学社会主义学会当代世界社会主义专业委员会) was held in Xining City, Qinghai Province. The meeting was hosted by the Chinese Scientific Socialism Society, organized by the Qinghai Provincial Party School (School of Administration) (青海省委党校（行政学院）), and co-organized by the China Marxist Research Foundation (中国马克思主义研究基金会). The theme was "Contemporary Capitalist Crisis and the Civilizational Creation of World Socialism." Nearly 50 experts from units including the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) (中央党校（国家行政学院）), the International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中共中央对外联络部), the Institute of Party History and Literature of the Central Committee (中央党史和文献研究院), national party schools (schools of administration), academies of social sciences, universities, and media institutions attended and exchanged views. Representatives from the Qinghai provincial party school (school of administration) system, universities, and research institutions observed the meeting.
The meeting reviewed the development process and experience of the Contemporary World Socialism Professional Committee over the past 40 years and looked ahead to future directions. The attending experts conducted in-depth discussions on major issues such as the new changes in contemporary capitalism, new explorations in the theory and practice of contemporary world socialism, new developments of left-wing political parties in various countries, and the new form of civilization created by Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化).
On the occasion of the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党), the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (党中央) clearly summarized Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building (习近平党建思想), marking that our Party's understanding of the laws governing the construction of a Marxist ruling party has reached a new height. The attending experts proposed that upholding the Party's leadership, strengthening the Party's self-construction, and always governing the Party strictly and with discipline are the codes for our Party to grasp the laws of world socialist development and to achieve major accomplishments in advancing socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era (新时代中国特色社会主义). The Communist Party of China, through 105 years of unremitting struggle, united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to establish the socialist system, create and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and advance the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, which has had and will continue to have a profound impact on the development of world socialism and the progress of human civilization.
Looking ahead, the attending experts stated that they should take the 40th anniversary of the Contemporary World Socialism Professional Committee as a new starting point, adhere to the correct political direction and a clear problem orientation, base themselves on the more than 500-year history of world socialism, the more than 100-year struggle history of the Communist Party of China, and the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, continuously strengthen basic research and long-term follow-up research, strive to build an independent knowledge system of contemporary world socialism research with Chinese characteristics, continuously enhance the ideological nature, scholarly nature, and practical explanatory power of world socialism research, and make new and greater contributions to the construction of an independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences.
(Lyu Junyan (吕俊彦), Gu Feng (顾峰))
A news report. Recently, the Fujian Provincial Party School (School of Administration) (福建省委党校（行政学院）) carried out a special study and lesson-preparation session on Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building (习近平党建思想). Chen Huizong (陈辉宗), deputy principal (deputy dean) in charge of day-to-day work, attended the meeting and engaged in exchange; Li Haixing (李海星), deputy principal (deputy dean), presided over the meeting and gave a special guidance lecture.
The meeting pointed out that Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building is the latest achievement in the Sinicization and modernization of Marxist party-building doctrine, the chapter on Party building in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and holds milestone significance in the history of the development of Marxist party-building doctrine and in the history of the Chinese Communist Party’s Party building. As the main channel for educating and training cadres and Party members, the Party School (School of Administration) has as its important political task, both for the current period and for the period ahead, to study well and implement well Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building. It is necessary to solidly carry out study and training, meticulously organize publicity and interpretation, comprehensively grasp implementation, and truly transform the results of study into vivid practice for advancing the construction of a "first-class Party School" (一流党校).
The meeting emphasized that effort must be focused on studying and comprehending, taking Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building as an important element of the theoretical study center group of the school (academy) committee and of the "Three Meetings and One Class" (三会一课) of Party branches; studying it in its original form, comprehensively and systematically, and in connection with practice, guiding Party cadres to deeply understand the spiritual essence, fully grasp the practical requirements, and better unify thinking, unify will, and unify action. Effort must be focused on integration, combining the study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building with the study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of performance achievement; threading it through all work of the school (academy)’s undertakings, integrating it into education and training, research and interpretation, and Party building within the organs, and promoting the study and implementation to deepen and solidify, to show results and produce effect. Effort must be focused on transformation, organizing systematic and theoretical research and interpretation of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, deeply explaining its principled achievements, original contributions, scientific system, rich connotation, spiritual essence, and practical requirements, forming research results of weight and value, and using scientific research to promote teaching; grasping collective lesson preparation tightly and firmly, launching courses such as lecture-type, case-type, discussion-type, and online micro-courses, ensuring that courses related to Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building are fully covered in the main training programs (主体班次).
Comrades from the Academic Affairs Office and the Civil Service Training Office, as well as all teachers from the Department of Teaching and Research on Party Building, participated.
Return to TopNews Report
On the morning of July 3, the Chongqing Municipal Party School (Chongqing Administration Institute) (重庆市委党校（行政学院）) held an expert symposium on studying and implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech at the celebration of the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. Hou Jinxiong (侯晋雄), Vice President (Vice Dean) of the Chongqing Municipal Party School (Chongqing Administration Institute), attended the meeting and delivered a concluding speech. Eight experts and representatives of young teachers conducted in-depth exchanges and discussions around the spirit of the speech. Heads of the Scientific Research Office, various teaching and research departments, key teaching and research personnel, and representatives of young teachers attended the meeting.
This symposium focused on the major theoretical innovations, profound historical logic, and clear practical requirements contained in General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech. It organized experts and scholars from the school to carry out systematic interpretation and theoretical elaboration based on Xi Jinping's thought on Party building (习近平党建思想), forming a series of theoretical research viewpoints with practical value.
In his concluding speech, Hou Jinxiong fully affirmed the effectiveness of this symposium and discussion, emphasizing the need to deepen theoretical study and accurately grasp the core essence. Systematically grasp the achievements of the four major historical stages over the 105 years since the founding of the Party, deeply understand the "six excellent traits" (六大优秀特质), the "two combinations" (两个结合), and the "five musts" (五个必须) for the new journey, and rely on Red Rock resources (红岩资源), the Chengdu-Chongqing dual-city economic circle construction (成渝地区双城经济圈建设), etc., to identify practical entry points for Chongqing. Focus on key areas and refine theoretical research work. Concentrate on three major directions: the integration of Party history and the Red Rock spirit (红岩精神), the grassroots practice of the Party's self-revolution (党的自我革命) in Chongqing, and the research on governance consultation for the construction of a new modernized Chongqing, to fill research gaps and enhance the practical value of results. Closely align with the functions of the Party school to promote the transformation and implementation of results. Incorporate the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech into cadre education and training courses, and regularly carry out collective teaching and research; set up special topics to produce a batch of theoretical and governance consultation results; conduct forward-looking research around the city's development layout, and further play the role of the Party school as a think tank.
The attending experts and young teachers unanimously stated that they will deeply study and carefully research the principles, academic theories, and philosophies contained in General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech, consciously achieve the integration of learning, thinking, and application, and the unity of knowledge, faith, and action, and effectively transform the learning and research results into practical effectiveness in practicing the Party school's original aspiration of "cultivating talents for the Party, offering advice for the Party" (为党育才、为党献策), serving the Chongqing practice of Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化) with high-quality teaching, research, and consultation work.
(Zhou Chen (周晨))
News bulletin: Recently, the Party schools (administrative colleges) of Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangxi and other provinces (autonomous regions) held meetings to convey the spirit of the National Symposium on Party Building Work, conduct special study of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building (习近平党建思想), and study work measures for implementation.
The Zhejiang Provincial Party School (Administrative College) held an enlarged meeting of the school (college) committee, emphasizing that Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, a summary and condensation of the great practice of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the new era, the latest achievement of the two integrations (两个结合) in the field of party building, and provides a strong guarantee for the steady and long-term advancement of Chinese-style modernization. As the main channel for educating and training cadres and Party members and an important position for Party ideological and theoretical construction, the Party school (administrative college) must adhere to the original aspiration of the Party school of cultivating talents for the Party and offering suggestions for the Party (为党育才、为党献策), take the lead and set an example in studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building.
The Anhui Provincial Party School (Administrative College) held a meeting of the school (college) committee, pointing out that on the occasion of the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee held the National Symposium on Party Building Work, scientifically summarizing and comprehensively expounding Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building. Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, has made significant original contributions to the development of Marxist party building theory, and has great practical significance and long-term guiding significance for strengthening the Party and the country.
The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Party Committee Party School (Administrative College) held a school (college) committee meeting, emphasizing that studying, implementing, and well carrying out Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building must be taken as an important political task for the current and future period. It must always adhere to and practice the original aspiration of the Party school, give play to the functional role of the main channel for educating and training cadres and Party members and the important position for Party ideological and theoretical construction, and solidly implement all related work. It must continue to deeply study and comprehend Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, through forms such as the school (college) committee theoretical study center group and the branch Friday political theory study, organize faculty and staff to read original works, study original texts, and comprehend principles (读原著、学原文、悟原理), accurately understand and grasp the scientific connotation, theoretical character, practical foundation, and theoretical origins of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building. It must promptly incorporate Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building into the basic training curriculum system, make good use of the results of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) collective lesson preparation meeting on Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, guide city and county Party schools (administrative colleges) to jointly update relevant teaching topics, optimize teaching content, and make good use of specialized textbooks, striving to achieve completeness, accuracy, depth, and thoroughness in explaining Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building. It must vigorously carry out organized scientific research, strengthen systematic and theoretical research and interpretation of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, strengthen research on practical issues of Party building, and form a batch of high-quality theoretical trends and policy suggestion results. It must give full play to the school’s (college’s) resource advantages and platform advantages, publicize Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building to Party members, cadres, and the masses in a popular and appealing manner, and actively promote Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building externally through open education. It must consciously use Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building to plan and advance all work on Party building, adhere to comprehensive strict governance of the school (全面从严治校), adhere to establishing the school through quality (质量立校), and provide a strong guarantee for the high-quality development of all work.
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To celebrate the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, deeply study and implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building (习近平党建思想) and General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discussions on philosophy and social sciences work (习近平总书记关于哲学社会科学工作的重要论述), deepen the systematic and scholarly research and interpretation of the Party's innovative theory, accelerate the building of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences (构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系), and promote the high-quality development of philosophy and social sciences, the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee Party School (Administration College) (辽宁省委党校（行政学院）) recently convened a symposium to celebrate the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and to build an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences.
At the meeting, nine representatives, including leaders of the school (college) committee, relevant departments, and responsible comrades of teaching, research, and auxiliary departments, conducted in-depth discussions and exchanges on deeply studying and implementing Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, profoundly studying and comprehending General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discussions on philosophy and social sciences work, high-quality scientific research, mutual promotion of teaching and research, work innovation, newly established disciplines, decision-making consultation, basic theoretical research, and practical effectiveness.
The meeting required that we must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discussions on philosophy and social sciences work, uphold that the party school belongs to the Party (党校姓党), and practice the original aspiration of the party school. It is necessary to deepen discipline construction, continuously build a discipline system that serves the overall situation and has distinctive features; promote organized scientific research, continuously deepen research on major theoretical and practical issues; strengthen talent cultivation, strive to build a high-quality professional teaching force; implement the one-school, one-policy (一校一策) approach to strengthen the construction of city and county party schools (administration colleges), improve the school-running and governance levels of party schools (administration colleges) at all levels in the province, so as to better cultivate talents for the Party and offer advice for the Party (为党育才、为党献策) through concrete actions and actual achievements, and contribute to building an independent knowledge system for China and promoting the high-quality development of philosophy and social sciences.
Return to TopBy: 葛汝千
The Regulations on the Work of Party Schools (Academies of Governance) of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党党校（行政学院）工作条例) clearly state that it is necessary to "highlight the whole-chain cultivation of young teachers." In recent years, the Weifang Municipal Party School of Shandong Province (山东省潍坊市委党校) has adhered to taking the creation of the "Qingrui Mingke · Hongying Shouyang" (青锐名课·红映首阳) teaching brand as the starting point, focusing on comprehensive policy implementation across four dimensions — consolidating foundations, providing high-quality offerings, integrating upper and lower levels, and building mechanisms — thereby exploring a distinctive and effective path for the growth of young teachers, effectively promoting the improvement of quality and efficiency in basic training.
Adhere to grasping the fundamentals, consolidating the foundation, and fully empowering capabilities. Adhere to "supplement what is lacking," constructing a multi-dimensional and normalized empowerment system that conforms to the growth patterns of young teachers. First, "green-blue pairing" (青蓝结对) for transmission, assistance, and guidance. Organize 31 newly recruited teachers from the city's party schools to conduct "mentor-apprentice pairing" (拜师结对) with 26 teachers holding associate senior or above titles from the municipal party school, implementing "one lesson, one guidance; one month, one research," providing full-process tracking guidance from topic argumentation to after-class review, allowing young teachers to take fewer detours. Second, "temporary posting exercise" (挂职锻炼) to make up for shortcomings. Successively dispatched 13 young teachers to relevant organs, towns and streets, and other units for "shadowing temporary postings," and carried out "exchange temporary postings" with relevant universities, broadening horizons, elevating realms, making up for shortcomings, and strengthening weaknesses through multiple forms of temporary postings. Third, "Shouyang Youth Vanguard" (首阳青锋) to promote research and study. Establish the "Shouyang Youth Vanguard" lecture hall, invite famous teachers inside and outside the school, leading cadres, and advanced grassroots models to give special guidance to young teachers and share work experience; set up a "Youth Sharing Meeting" (青春思享汇) exchange platform, organizing young teachers to conduct normalized discussions around teaching experiences, research gains, and other topics. Since 2025, 12 sessions of the lecture hall have been held, with 16 special topics studied and discussed. Fourth, "Joyful Reading Youth" (悦读青春) to thicken the foundation. Implement the "Joyful Youth · Reading Classics" project, establish a reading space for young teachers, implement the "Four Ones" reading plan, that is, organize young teachers to intensively read one professional work each month, write one research paper each quarter, hold one reading salon every six months, and study one classic original work each year. Through reading and studying classics, consolidate the theoretical foundation, so that "Qingrui Mingke" has roots, soul, and confidence.
Adhere to grasping high quality, creating first-class standards, and controlling the whole cycle to improve quality. Strengthen whole-process control and all-element enhancement, and focus on guarding the "four gates." First, the course "entry gate." Implement a five-step work method of "all teachers competing to apply — group collective lesson preparation — external review of core lesson drafts — team polishing and refinement — expert review for entry into the database." An evaluation group composed of relevant experts from higher-level party schools, student representatives, etc., conducts the evaluation; only those that pass the evaluation may enter the database. Second, the student "evaluation gate." For courses entering the main training classes for the first time, implement a "debut lesson · tracking evaluation" method, with the school supervision group attending the entire lesson; those with low evaluations exit the course database for "return to the furnace for re-forging." Organize students to conduct comprehensive evaluations of each lesson; those ranked last within the class receive a "yellow card reminder," and the relevant team is given feedback for "after-action review and reconstruction." Since 2025, 19 lessons have undergone reconstitution and supplementary improvement due to "yellow card reminders." Third, the achievement "exhibition and evaluation gate." Differentiate young teachers' professional titles, according to the three levels of teaching assistant, lecturer, and associate senior, to build a "Qingrui Mingke" display and exchange platform. All participants at the same level compete on the same stage, scored on-site by external evaluation experts; the top 20% are awarded the school-level "Mingke" (famous course) title, and the results are linked to professional title evaluation and appointment, evaluation of excellence and selection of models, and included in the city-wide party school "Mingke database." Since 2025, courses taught by five young teachers have been awarded the title of "school-level Mingke." Fourth, the echelon "cultivation excellence gate." Based on the exhibition and evaluation results, in a 1:1 ratio, determine another five courses with relatively good scores as the second echelon, incorporate them together with school-level Mingke into key courses, implement the "Mingke progressive cultivation excellence" action, invite experts from higher-level party schools to conduct "drip-irrigation-style guidance," with multiple forms of guidance and all-round cultivation excellence.
Adhere to systematic grasping and grasping the system, and comprehensively coordinate to promote development. Adhere to the systems concept, and construct a pattern of joint growth for young teachers across the city's party schools. First, "district contact" for diligent supervision. Establish a school committee contact point system, form teams with teachers from teaching and research departments, contact three to four county-level party schools and one to two town-street party schools, and promote the sinking of high-quality teaching resources to the grassroots through methods such as attending and evaluating lessons, sending teachers to "polish lessons." Second, "upgraded re-creation" to shape distinctive features. Adhere to "one county, one feature, co-construction and sharing," organize county-level party school young teachers to excavate local resources, create distinctive courses, and enrich teaching supply. The municipal party school takes the lead in establishing a special course "re-creation" expert group, centrally polishes the special courses of 31 young teachers, and through evaluation determines 20 county-level party school special courses. Third, "course leader traction" to benefit the grassroots. Implement the "course leader system," with academic leaders from the municipal party school serving as the "course leader" for teaching special topics, forming 20 cross-level, cross-regional course development and research teams, driving county-level party school teachers to broaden their horizons and enhance their capabilities. Fourth, "Qingrui competition" to promote improvement. Adhere to having the city's party school system compete on the same stage, hold the city's party school system teacher teaching achievement display and exchange activity for three consecutive years, select "Mingke" and "teaching pacesetters" for the city's party school system, forming a strong atmosphere of "comparing, learning, catching up, and surpassing." Among them, two young teachers from county-level party schools with outstanding results were selected to work at the municipal party school.
Adhere to grasping the present, benefiting the long term, and making whole-chain efforts become the norm. Emphasize establishing rules and regulations and the transformation of results, to push the construction of high-quality Mingke forward in depth and substance. First, improve the cultivation mechanism. Formulate and issue the "Measures for the Selection of Young Teachers' 'Mingke'," select five school-level Mingke each year, directly linked to professional title evaluation and appointment, evaluation of excellence and selection of advanced, and performance assessment. Second, promote the transformation of teaching and research. Adhere to the integration of teaching, research, and consultation, organize young teachers to write academic papers and advisory reports around course special topics, and then use scientific research results to "feed back" into Mingke cultivation excellence. Third, strengthen supporting policies. Newly establish 12 rules and regulations such as multi-dimensional teaching quality assessment, course admission and withdrawal, and selection of "most popular courses among students," perfecting the teaching evaluation system. Fourth, adhere to talent revitalizing the school, implement a progressive cultivation project for young teachers from "Mingxiu (famous show) — Mingshi (famous teacher) — Mingjia (famous master)," and establish talent echelons by level and category. Coordinate resources of municipal and county-level party schools, form a "Qingrui Mingke" teaching delivery team, enter towns and streets, enterprises, communities, and government organs, promoting the Party's innovative theories to "fly into the homes of ordinary people."
(The author is the vice principal in charge of daily work of the Weifang Municipal Party School of Shandong Province.)
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The Shandong Provincial Party School (Administrative College) thoroughly implements the important discourse of General Secretary Xi Jinping on Party school work, fully leverages the positive incentive and guiding role of assessment, innovates systems and mechanisms to carry out trainee assessment, and comprehensively elevates the level of trainee management and the quality and effectiveness of cadre education and training.
Innovate assessment methods. Formulate and issue the Implementation Measures for Basic Training Class Trainee Assessment (Trial), and implement full-process documentary management and assessment in basic training classes with a duration of one month or longer. For different types of classes with varying durations, set assessment modes in a differentiated manner. For classes with a duration of more than one month, such as the Training Class for Young and Middle-aged Cadres, implement documentary assessment and appraisal assessment. For classes with a duration of one month, such as the Advanced Training Class for Leading Cadres at the Municipal and Departmental Level and the Advanced Training Class for County and Division-level Cadres, implement documentary assessment, thereby effectively consolidating the clear orientation of "positive incentives, precise evaluation, and effective supervision."
Optimize assessment content. Centered on training objectives, highlight key links such as learning and mastering the Party's innovative theories, and key elements such as the situation of establishing and practicing a correct view of performance, and scientifically design the indicator system. Documentary assessment content covers five major aspects: learning attitude and performance, degree of mastery of theoretical knowledge, cultivation of Party spirit, conduct cultivation and compliance with rules and discipline, and ability to solve practical problems. Refine more than 20 quantitative indicators including class attendance, seminar speeches, class service, compliance with rules and discipline, and policy advisory reports. Comprehensive evaluation of trainees is conducted by departments including teaching, research, and trainee management. Appraisal assessment is organically combined with the democratic evaluation of Party members by the trainee temporary Party branch, including evaluation scoring by the class liaison officer, the class advisor, and the trainee temporary Party branch secretary, as well as mutual evaluation scoring among trainees.
Tighten assessment organization. Strengthen process management, fully implement the work mechanism of academic style supervision and inspection, conduct joint inspections of classes, and for the Training Class for Young and Middle-aged Cadres, strengthen the management of the duty class monitor to gain detailed understanding of trainees' daily performance. Adhere to fairness and openness, regularly summarize assessment progress and carry out public announcements. Emphasize digital empowerment; the entire assessment process is operated through the Trainee Management Information System. Trainees can check their individual assessment scores in real time via the "Learning Assistant" APP.
Strengthen application of results. Strengthen coordination and cooperation with the Party committee organization department and the trainee's sending unit; the assessment situation is fed back to the organization and personnel departments according to the cadre management authority. Since the implementation of the assessment, trainees' awareness of discipline and rules has continuously strengthened, class work enthusiasm has steadily improved, and the learning atmosphere has grown increasingly浓厚.
(Ren Wenna (任文娜) and Meng Hong'en (孟宏恩))
Return to TopNews Report On July 6, the Henan Provincial Party School (Administration College) (河南省委党校（行政学院）) successfully held a province-wide large-scale training exercise (大练兵) for economic courses (covering provincial and municipal conditions) within the party school (administration college) system. More than 280 participants, including all teachers from the Economic Management Teaching and Research Department and the Economics Teaching and Research Department, heads of economic disciplines from municipal party schools in all provincial-administered cities, and relevant teaching and research骨干 from city- and county-level party schools as well as cadre colleges, took part in this event through a combination of online and offline methods.
This large-scale training exercise adopted a format of group-based collective lesson preparation. Twenty-four骨干 teachers from 18 provincial-administered city party schools across the province, closely focusing on the teaching, research, and interpretation of Xi Jinping Economic Thought (习近平经济思想), centered on themes such as the 15th Five-Year Plan (十五五) development, new quality productive forces (新质生产力), the national unified market (全国统一大市场), and ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin (黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展), and combined with characteristic practical cases of local industrial transformation and upgrading, urban function quality improvement, and deep integration of culture and tourism, conducted teaching demonstrations. Experts from the provincial party school and municipal party schools provided precise guidance on each lesson and each teacher, offering comments on key links such as the depth of theoretical exploration of the course, the integration of provincial and municipal conditions, the construction of teaching logic, and the selection and application of cases. They directly pointed out problems and shortcomings while also providing optimization pathways. On-site interaction was deep and exchanges were thorough.
This large-scale training exercise is an innovative measure to thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on party school work, strengthen exchanges and collaboration among party schools and cadre colleges at all levels across the province, and leverage the overall advantages of the party school system. In the next step, taking this event as an opportunity, with the goal of continuously improving the political level, policy level, academic level, and professional level of teaching, efforts will be concentrated on creating a batch of high-quality courses that combine political height, theoretical depth, practical warmth, and Henan characteristics, so as to effectively push the education and training work on Xi Jinping Economic Thought to a new level.
(Yu Wen)
By: 江成 宋天玉
In recent years, the Party School of the Shizhong District Committee of Neijiang City, Sichuan Province (四川省内江市市中区委党校) has thoroughly implemented the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of County-Level Party Schools (Administrative Schools), firmly established the concept that “scientific research work is the foundational support for the development of party schools (administrative colleges),” and implemented the model of “three mechanisms for empowerment, two transformations for efficiency enhancement, and one team for foundation consolidation,” comprehensively promoting the high-quality development of scientific research work at county-level party schools.
Innovate the “three mechanisms” to improve the quality and efficiency of scientific research work. In response to the actual situation such as the inherent inadequacy of teaching staff at the Shizhong District Party School, actively innovate scientific research work methods. First, innovate the full-staff collaborative research mechanism. Organize party school faculty and staff to jointly research and lead scientific research projects, ensuring full participation. Hold irregular consultations and discussions on matters related to project application, approval, topic opening, implementation, and conclusion, concentrate the strength of all staff to tackle key problems, and promote the improvement of quality and increase of quantity in scientific research. In the past three years, 15 provincial-level department scientific research projects have been approved (of which 4 were rated “excellent”), and 51 municipal-level department scientific research projects have been approved (of which 15 were rated “excellent”), achieving a simultaneous leap in the quantity and quality of results. For two consecutive years, it has been awarded the Scientific Research Work Organization Award of the Sichuan Province Party School System, steadily ranking among the top 20 of the province’s 183 county (city, district) party schools. Second, innovate the “post the list and take command” mechanism for scientific research topics. Utilize the advantageous resources of trainees, implement the model of “teacher guidance + trainee team formation,” and carry out targeted tackling of hard problems around key areas such as rural revitalization, grassroots governance, and livelihood security, solving practical problems at the grassroots level, and fully leveraging the unique advantages of county-level party schools in directly facing the grassroots frontline and gathering the wisdom of cadres and the masses. In the past three years, 44 high-quality research reports directly targeting grassroots blockages and difficulties have been produced. Third, innovate the “big scientific research” vertical-horizontal collaboration mechanism. On one hand, seek project support and guidance from higher-level party schools; on the other hand, strengthen communication and information sharing with district-level departments, building a “big scientific research” pattern that connects top and bottom, links left and right, and involves multiple parties. In the past three years, 28 projects have been completed in cooperation with the municipal party school and district-level departments (7 rated “excellent”), and 7 policy advisory reports have been co-authored, achieving complementary advantages and joint research.
Strengthen the “two transformations” to promote the application of scientific research results. Closely focus on the central work of the party committee and government, and promote scientific research to “support teaching and assist decision-making.” First, promote the transformation of scientific research results into teaching resources. Adhere to taking scientific research as the foundation and teaching as the goal, to achieve mutual promotion of “teaching” and “research.” Explore the development path of “teaching raises topics, scientific research produces articles, and results enter the classroom,” systematically sort out various scientific research results and apply them to teaching. Fully rely on frontline research results, systematically transform vivid grassroots practices, typical cases, and governance experiences into teaching content, and create multiple on-site teaching points. Second, promote the transformation of scientific research results into policy advisory suggestions. Adhere to the work thinking of “scientific research revolves around the overall situation, and results follow decision-making,” strive to achieve that whatever major issues the party needs to study and solve, the party school will work hard to offer suggestions and advice in those areas. Keep a close eye on blockages in industrial development, difficulties in grassroots governance, and pain points of people’s livelihood concerns, deeply cultivate the research frontline, and come up with new concepts, new ideas, and new methods to solve development problems. In the past three years, a total of 29 policy advisory reports and scientific research information special reports have been submitted, of which 25 have received affirmative approval signatures from the main leaders of the municipal committee and district committee respectively, with an affirmative approval and adoption rate of 86%.
Build a good “one team” to forge elite scientific research personnel. Adhere to taking talent team building as an important lever, and make efforts in gathering the advantages of teaching staff and deeply tapping scientific research potential. First, strictly control the “entry gate” of teaching staff. Innovatively formulate the “four principles” for teacher recruitment (specialty, education, age, political affiliation), carefully select and comprehensively assess relevant personnel, and strive to optimize the structure of the scientific research teaching staff. Second, strictly control the “capability enhancement gate” of learning. Adhere to organizing learning seminars at high frequency, and strengthen exchange and learning with other county (city, district) party schools in teaching, scientific research, and management. In the past three years, 15 mutual visit research activities have been carried out, 15 experts and scholars from the municipal party school have been invited to the school for special training, and all teachers have participated in special training at central, provincial, and municipal party schools in batches, effectively improving scientific research work capabilities. Third, strictly control the “leap gate” of mentoring. Innovatively implement measures of “passing on teaching ethics, passing on skills, and strengthening abilities,” carefully arrange experienced senior teachers in the school to provide “passing on, helping, and leading” to young teachers in aspects such as scientific research topic selection and investigation research, and strive to cultivate a composite talent team that “can manage, can teach, and can do scientific research.” In the past three years, 4 young middle-level cadres have been newly selected, 3 young cadres have been sent to villages full-time, and 85 various awards have been won, forging a talent team that can serve the high-quality development of scientific research work at county-level party schools.
(Author’s unit: Party School of the Shizhong District Committee of Neijiang City, Sichuan Province)
Return to TopBy: 张元醒
When counties and prefectures are well-governed, the world is at peace; when county territories prosper, the nation is strong. County-level Party schools directly serve the grassroots and face the grassroots; running county-level Party schools well is of great significance for strengthening the construction of the grassroots cadre contingent and consolidating the Party's governing foundation. Guangdong Province has 122 counties (cities, districts), and has established county-level Party schools with full coverage. In recent years, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee has fully implemented the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, deeply implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on Party school work, placed the construction of county-level Party schools in a prominent position in the cadre education and training system, adhered to high standards as guidance, high points as leverage, and high efficiency in implementation, strived to solve the problem of unbalanced development in the construction of county-level Party schools, and steadily promoted the continuous improvement of the school-running level of county-level Party schools across the province.
High standards as guidance to gather joint forces, tightening the responsibility chain for county-level Party school construction layer by layer. Running county-level Party schools well, the first priority is to consolidate political responsibility. First, the Provincial Party Committee earnestly shoulders the main responsibility of running, managing, and building Party schools. The Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee concurrently serves as the President of the Provincial Party School (School of Administration), has presided over multiple Provincial Party Committee Standing Committee meetings to study Party school work, put forward a series of specific requirements for promoting the high-quality development of Party school work in the new era and strengthening the construction of county-level Party schools, and has taught at important training classes for cadres nine times, demonstrating and driving Party committees at all levels across the province to conscientiously fulfill their duties, forming a work pattern of upper and lower linkage and joint management. Second, the Provincial Party School earnestly implements the deployment requirements of the Provincial Party Committee, solidly carries out overall coordination and professional guidance work. The school (college) committee has held multiple special meetings to study the construction of county-level Party schools. Members of the leadership team have gone deep into county-level Party schools for visits and research, gained a clear understanding of the current development status of Party schools in the Pearl River Delta, eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong, and northern Guangdong, established a special report submission mechanism for county-level Party school construction, promptly reported to the Provincial Party Committee leaders, coordinated with municipal-level Party schools to carry out classified guidance, promoted county-level Party schools to deepen the evaluation and rectification of school-running quality, and comprehensively improved school-running capacity and level. Third, Party schools in various cities and prefectures strengthen exchange and cooperation, mutual help and mutual assistance. Led by the Provincial Party School, an innovative regional collaboration mechanism has been established, dividing the province's Party schools into five collaborative regions. Led by Party schools with relatively strong school-running strength in the Pearl River Delta such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen, they drive the implementation and mutual development of more than 30 resource co-construction activities of county-level Party schools in eastern, western, and northern Guangdong, normalize teaching mutual learning, teacher mutual dispatch, training mutual connection, base mutual use, and scientific research mutual assistance, promoting the transformation of county-level Party schools from single-point breakthroughs to collaborative quality improvement, forming a vivid situation of co-construction, sharing, and collaborative linkage.
High points as leverage to break bottlenecks, continuously stimulating the endogenous driving force of county-level Party school construction. In response to the reality of unbalanced development of county-level Party schools, adhere to using institutional mechanism reform to solve development difficulties, using infrastructure construction to make up for hardware shortcomings, using talent team construction to strengthen the foundation of school-running, and strive to make county-level Party school construction match Guangdong's economic and social development. First, deepen the reform of the school-running system. Adhere to targeted policy application, further straighten out the school-running system, improve internal management, promote 13 county-level Party schools in the province to gradually divest non-Party school functions such as open universities and teacher training schools, return to main responsibilities and main businesses, and make the school-running positioning clearer. In accordance with the requirements of the "Regulations on the Work of the Communist Party of China Party Schools (Schools of Administration)," promote 23 county-level Party schools that have not yet established school committees to set up school committees, improve working mechanisms, and enhance the degree of standardization of internal management. Promote 22 county-level Party schools to adjust from the original full-staff public administration management to a "public administration + public institution" dual-track management system, further optimize internal institutions, and strengthen teacher strength. Second, strengthen infrastructure construction. Adhere to adapting measures to local conditions and running schools frugally, promoting significant improvement in the school-running conditions of county-level Party schools. Taking the opportunity of the completion and use of the new campus, the Provincial Party School donates the usable teaching facilities and equipment, books and teaching materials from the old campus to county-level Party schools in Meizhou, Shaoguan and other places, effectively providing support and guarantee for the construction of grassroots Party schools. Various places actively explore construction models. For example, Wujiang District of Shaoguan City integrated idle resources and transformed an old granary in the district into the District Party Committee Party School. Over the past three years, through methods such as relocation and new construction, renovation on original sites, and revitalization of idle resources, a total of 26 county-level Party schools have completed new construction, renovation, and expansion, with a new campus land area of 688 mu and a new building area of 52,000 square meters. At present, 92 county-level Party schools in the province have independent campuses, daily school-running guarantees are more complete, providing solid hardware guarantees for implementing basic training tasks and training grassroots Party members and cadres on a large scale. Third, highlight the strategy of strengthening the school with talents. Enhance the attractiveness of teacher positions in county-level Party schools, increase the intensity of talent introduction. At present, county-level Party schools in the province have a total of 699 full-time teachers, including 157 teachers with senior professional titles, accounting for 22.5%; 53 teachers with doctoral degrees, the teacher team strength has been significantly enhanced. Strengthen practical training, implement a cross-regional collective lesson preparation and lesson polishing system, rely on digital teaching and research platforms to carry out cloud-based co-learning and online observation, promote mutual help and mutual learning among teaching and research backbones of county-level Party schools, and jointly improve. Optimize the talent evaluation system, revise the evaluation standards and conditions for teacher professional titles in Party schools across the province, classify and grade the teaching and research performance indicators according to the situation of county-level Party schools, give full play to the "baton" role of professional title evaluation, and improve the level of the teacher team in county-level Party schools across the province.
High efficiency in implementation to strengthen the main business, comprehensively improving the quality and efficiency of county-level Party school operations. Adhere to establishing the school with quality and connotative development, promote county-level Party schools to focus on the main responsibility and main business, and comprehensively improve the quality of school operation. First, grasp basic training solidly. The Provincial Party School, in conjunction with municipal-level Party schools, guides county-level Party schools to scientifically formulate training plans, clarify key elements such as the length of study, cycle, and class hours of training, normalize the full rotation training of township and section-level Party and government leadership team members, the training of village (community) Party organization secretaries and village (residential) committee directors, and the "grassroots Party members entering Party schools" training, achieving full coverage of training for cadres in key grassroots positions. Improve the curriculum system, strictly implement the normative requirements of the Central Party School (National School of Administration) on basic training classes and curriculum settings, assist county-level Party schools in improving curriculum settings, and develop characteristic courses such as "Implementing the 'Hundred Counties, Thousand Towns, Ten Thousand Villages High-Quality Development Project' (百县千镇万村高质量发展工程), Striving to Promote Rural Revitalization to the Forefront." Strengthen on-site teaching points, construct a three-in-one teaching model of "theoretical lectures + on-site research + teacher comments," carefully guide the creation of a batch of on-site teaching brands based on Guangdong practice and highlighting local characteristics, such as the "Baiqiao Lecture Hall" (柏桥讲堂) in Maoming and the "Yueshan Afforestation" (岳山造林) case study course in Zhaoqing. Deepen digital empowerment, implement an online and offline integrated training model, regularly update online high-quality courses, with an average annual update of 159.6 class hours. In 2025, county-level Party schools across the province coordinated the use of nearly 16,400 class hours of online high-quality course resources from superior Party schools such as the Central Party School (National School of Administration), covering 225,000 grassroots cadres, effectively expanding training coverage and continuously improving the quality and efficiency of grassroots cadre education and training. Second, grasp scientific research and political consultation solidly. Strengthen organized scientific research, closely focus on serving Guangdong's modernization construction, clarify the main direction of scientific research, formulate a topic selection guide, and help county-level Party schools improve the accuracy of topic selection. Innovatively carry out "scientific research workshops," encourage county-level Party school teachers to participate in academic lectures on frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, helping to broaden academic horizons and update knowledge systems. Strengthen scientific research linkage. The main leader of the Provincial Party Committee personally sets topics, and the Provincial Party School takes the lead in setting up research topics on the economic and social development of cities and prefectures, absorbing the backbone of scientific research from city and county Party schools to jointly tackle key problems. The relevant topic achievements have received instructions and affirmation from the Provincial Party Committee leaders. Deeply cultivate characteristic topics, promote county-level Party schools to form a batch of practical, effective, and grassroots-oriented research results such as "Rural Governance Practice Paths" and "Puning Yingge Dance Breaking Out and Going Overseas" (普宁英歌破圈出海), effectively transforming grassroots practical experience into effective measures to promote local high-quality development. Third, grasp strict governance of the school solidly. Strictly grasp management. Taking the opportunity of solidly carrying out study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, Party schools at all levels across the province deeply promote the work of "abolishing, reforming, and establishing" systems, regulating the entire process of school operation and governance with strict standards and strict measures. Strictly grasp teaching style. The Provincial Party School formulates a positive and negative list of "Eight Musts, Eight Prohibitions" (八必须、八严禁), clarifies the red line of discipline, and guides city and county Party schools to strengthen the construction of teacher ethics and teaching style. Strictly grasp study style. Together with the organization department, improve the study style supervision system, strictly enforce training discipline, and promote county-level Party schools with independent campuses to implement closed management of trainees. At the same time, the Provincial Party School has issued normative guidelines for the construction of campus culture in city and county Party schools, promoting county-level Party schools such as Bao'an in Shenzhen, Huidong in Huizhou, and Yangchun in Yangjiang to carry out campus micro-renovations. The campus school-running style and educational environment have taken on a new look, so that trainees feel the atmosphere of learning, simplicity, and clarity as soon as they enter the Party school.
[The author is the Deputy Director of the Organization Department of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, Executive Vice President (Vice Dean) of the Provincial Party School (School of Administration).]
Return to TopBy: 胡弋弋
"Increase the intensity of case teaching, advance the construction of case libraries" is an important requirement put forward by the newly revised Work Regulations of the Party Schools of the Communist Party of China (Schools of Administration) for the teaching work of Party schools (Schools of Administration). To improve the quality of case teaching in Party schools (Schools of Administration), it is necessary to adhere to a problem-oriented approach, optimize organizational processes, innovate teaching methods, improve mechanism guarantees, and make efforts in precision, participation, practical combat orientation, and institutionalization.
Adhere to a problem-oriented approach, promote precise teaching. First, precisely align with the needs of trainees. Through methods such as the trainees' pre-class "two brings" (两带来), whole-process needs survey questionnaires, and full-cycle trainee profiling systems, ascertain the theoretical confusions and practical focal points of trainees in different class types, conduct systematic analysis and judgment, identify cadres' capability weaknesses and issues of concern, determine the "one class, one case" (一班一案) model, and achieve precise alignment between case teaching and cadres' performance needs. Second, scientifically design the chain of questions. For the same case, design differentiated question combinations according to the characteristics of different class types: the middle-aged and young cadres class focuses on decision-implementation type questions, the advanced study class focuses on system-construction type questions, and the initial appointment class focuses on foundation-consolidation type questions. During collective lesson preparation, specifically conduct multiple rounds of polishing around the logic and pertinence of question setting, ensuring that each question has clear directionality and discussion value. Third, comprehensively analyze teaching feedback. After class, promptly collect trainees' opinions on case discussion organization, question design, teacher comments, etc., forming a closed loop of "needs—classroom—evaluation—improvement," dynamically adjust the question setting and guidance methods of the next round of case teaching based on evaluation results, and continuously improve the precision of teaching through iterative optimization.
Optimize organizational processes, strengthen interactive discussion. First, standardize the classroom discussion process. Promote the organic connection of the four links of "case introduction—group discussion—group presentation—summary and commentary," forming a standardized process that is 环环相扣 (huán huán xiāng kòu - "each ring links with the next," closely linked) and orderly advanced. Explore and implement the "three stages, five steps" (三阶段五步骤) teaching method: before class, release a case preview checklist and form differentiated trainee groups; during class, implement five steps of scenario introduction, question focusing, group discussion, whole-class sharing, and theoretical elevation; after class, conduct practical transfer. Second, optimize the organization of group discussions. Reasonably assign group roles, adopt a "phased multiple discussions" model, first展开 around a basic question, after the teacher gives immediate comments, then throw out a second conflict or heuristic question, advance step by step, deepen layer by layer, and push the trainees' thinking levels to continuously rise. Third, enhance teachers' guidance ability. Teachers should be adept at capturing the highlights and characteristics in trainees' speeches during discussions, deepen the discussion through follow-up questions, summarization, rhetorical questions, etc., guide trainees to extract patterns and solve difficult problems from the case, and effectively improve the quality of interactive discussion.
Innovate teaching methods, enhance learning experience. First, implement "role substitution" style case discussion. According to the subjects involved in the case, assign differentiated role positions to different groups, allowing trainees to analyze contradictions and propose countermeasures from a specific perspective. This form can implant a specific scenario, enhance the tension and immersion of case discussion, and avoid 泛泛而谈 (fàn fàn ér tán - "talk in generalities," superficial discussion). Second, promote "segmented progressive" style case discussion. Break a longer case into multiple stages, organize a group discussion for each stage, gradually reveal the evolution and transition of the case. This form conforms to cognitive laws, can help trainees experience the dynamic process of decision-making, and avoid superficial understanding due to one-time information overload. Third, use digital means to enrich case presentation. Use short videos, virtual reality and other technologies to restore key scenarios of the case, enhance the sense of presence and impact, help trainees complete decision-making simulations in an immersive experience, and improve the practical combat effect of the classroom.
Improve mechanism guarantees, ensure teaching effectiveness. First, improve the collective lesson preparation system. Comprehensively implement the "four-step grinding mechanism" (四步研磨机制) of "all-staff competition for lessons, collective lesson preparation, team polishing of lessons, expert auditing of lessons," carry out "physical examination style" (体检式) lesson preparation for all case teaching topics, check from three dimensions of political stance, policy stance, and teaching stance, and focus on polishing the three key links of case introduction, question chain design, and summary commentary. Second, improve the teaching evaluation mechanism. Expand case teaching evaluation from a single after-class scoring to the entire chain of pre-class preparation, classroom implementation, and after-class feedback. Rely on the digital-intelligent Party school system to build a closed loop of "data collection—analysis and early warning—optimization and improvement," establish a "three-color early warning" (三色预警) mechanism, dynamically monitor teaching organization, trainee participation, and goal achievement, and effectively improve teaching quality. Third, improve the teacher training system. Implement special training for case teaching teachers, enhance teachers' case discussion organization ability and summary commentary ability through teaching observation, excellent case lesson presentations, classroom commentary, etc. Organize teachers to carry out targeted thematic research and practical exercises, let teachers go deep into the front line to obtain case materials, and enhance their ability to handle practical situations. At the same time, explore the establishment of a "dual tutor" (双导师) guidance mechanism, invite leading cadres with rich practical experience to participate together with Party school teachers in the design and commentary of case teaching, providing solid guarantees for the continuous improvement of case teaching quality. Fourth, improve the collaborative development mechanism. Deeply promote the integrated collaborative development of high-quality case teaching among Party schools at all levels, establish a working mechanism of "provincial Party schools take the lead and overall responsibility, academic affairs departments organize implementation, teaching and research departments implement and follow up, city and county Party schools coordinate and advance," improve the case teaching team building mechanism, form interdisciplinary cooperation teams, relevant departments participate throughout the entire process of case research and writing, pre-class preparation, course acceptance, and classroom teaching, achieve complementary advantages and resource sharing, and effectively enhance work synergy and teaching quality.
(Author's unit: Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee Party School (浙江省委党校))
Return to TopBy: 杨正鼎
The newly revised Work Regulations of the Party School of the CPC (National Academy of Governance) (中国共产党党校（行政学院）工作条例) clearly state that party spirit education shall deeply carry out education on ideals and convictions, the Party’s purpose, Party history, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development, revolutionary traditions, forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation (铸牢中华民族共同体意识) and advancing the building of the Chinese nation community (推进中华民族共同体建设), the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, a correct view on performance, and Party conduct and clean government. The Lincang Municipal Party School (临沧市委党校) in Yunnan Province, based on the realities of a border ethnic region, focuses on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and advancing the building of the Chinese nation community. It takes innovative narrative methods as a starting point, promotes the deep integration of teaching, research, and practice, continuously enriches the contemporary connotation of the narrative on ethnic unity and progress, and effectively enhances the effectiveness of party spirit education.
Consolidate the theoretical foundation of the narrative on ethnic unity and progress. To tell the story of ethnic unity and progress well in the new era, it is necessary to abandon the tendency toward superficial and fragmented narratives, adhere to a core of profound academic reasoning and a direction of value identification, and achieve the organic unity of theoretical explanation and emotional resonance. The Lincang Municipal Party School consistently adheres to General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thoughts on strengthening and improving ethnic work as its fundamental guideline, deepens theoretical tracing and academic explanation, and continuously raises the political stance, theoretical depth, and practical thickness of teaching. It delves into the institutional advantages, governance logic, and cultural implications behind the practices of interaction, communication, and integration among various ethnic groups, transforming vivid grassroots practices into realistic samples for academic explanation. Closely following the main line of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, it systematically developed 49 thematic courses, constructed a complete teaching system, and continuously strengthened education on forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.
Expand the practical field of the narrative on ethnic unity and progress. Lincang is located in southwestern Yunnan Province, where ethnic cultures are diversely integrated, and the practices of revitalizing border areas to enrich the people (兴边富民) and stabilizing and consolidating the borders (稳边固边) are rich, providing vivid scenes for education on ethnic unity and progress. The Lincang Municipal Party School breaks the spatial limitations of traditional classrooms, extending the teaching field from fixed classrooms to the grassroots frontline, achieving deep alignment between theoretical explanation and real-scenario comprehension. It systematically built 10 practical teaching routes for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, with a focus on cultivating 30 special on-site teaching sites such as “Banhong Resistance to British” (班洪抗英) and “Banlao Return” (班老回归). It moves classrooms forward to border villages, relocation and resettlement areas, model villages for ethnic unity and progress, and specialty industrial parks. It organizes trainees to listen to the struggle stories of grassroots cadres rooted in border areas, building their homeland, maintaining unity, and guarding the national territory, and to experience the vivid practices of people of all ethnic groups helping each other and striving together, so that the sense of community for the Chinese nation takes root in the hearts of the people.
Consolidate the research support for the narrative on ethnic unity and progress. Teaching is the central work of the Party School (National Academy of Governance), and research is the foundational work of the Party School (National Academy of Governance). The Lincang Municipal Party School adheres to the path of “teaching raises topics, research produces articles, results enter classrooms,” promoting the transformation of research results into teaching topics, case textbooks, and curriculum systems, and promoting the narrative on ethnic unity and progress to rise from experience summarization to theoretical refinement, and from practice review to law generalization, achieving two-way empowerment and collaborative quality improvement between teaching and research, and supporting the innovation of narrative content and methods with high-quality academic research. It focuses on targeted research on governance difficulties in border ethnic areas and policy implementation bottlenecks, consolidating the narrative foundation with research results and enriching teaching content with practical results. In recent years, it has cumulatively published more than 300 relevant theoretical articles in various journals; led or participated in the establishment of 101 projects at various levels, including 5 provincial-ministerial level projects and 35 department-bureau level projects; 18 decision-making consultation results were adopted by department-bureau level think tank internal references; and multiple research results received affirmative instructions from provincial-level leaders.
Enhance the educational effectiveness of the narrative on ethnic unity and progress. Ethnic work has both distinct policy nature and practical reality. Grassroots cadres often face practical difficulties such as policy implementation, ideological guidance, and conflict resolution when advancing border governance and conducting mass work. The one-way lecturing method of traditional teaching makes it difficult to accurately respond to grassroots governance needs. The Lincang Municipal Party School consistently adheres to the main line of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, innovates teaching organization methods, transforming “one-way lecturing” into “two-way interaction,” fully leveraging the guiding role of teachers in teaching and the main role of trainees in learning. Focusing on important themes such as the construction of modernized border happy villages (现代化边境幸福村), the practice of strengthening border defense (强边固防), and the building of inter-embedded communities (互嵌式社区), it developed 30 courses in case-based, interview-based, and simulation-based formats, such as “The Governance Code of Modernized Border Happy Villages” and “Optimizing the Five Environments to Draw a Concentric Circle for Community Governance.” It deeply integrates theoretical lectures, case analysis, and seminar discussions, effectively improving the ability of party members and cadres to do ethnic work well.
(The author’s unit: Lincang Municipal Party School (National Academy of Governance), Yunnan Province)
By: 王巍
The "Regulations on Cadre Education and Training" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations") clearly state that cadre education and training should, based on content requirements and the characteristics of cadres, comprehensively utilize methods such as lecture-based, seminar-based, case-based, simulation-based, experiential, interview-based, and action learning, in order to achieve 教学相长 (jiào xué xiāng zhǎng - "teaching and learning mutually promote each other," mutual benefit between teaching and learning) and 学学相长 (xué xué xiāng zhǎng - "learning from each other promotes each other," mutual benefit among learners). Located in Liaocheng, Shandong, the Kong Fansen Spirit Teaching Base (孔繁森精神教学基地) is an important component of the "1+4+4" Party spirit education brand of the Organization Department of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee (山东省委组织部), and it is also the only cadre education base in the country themed on promoting the Kong Fansen spirit. In recent years, the Kong Fansen Spirit Teaching Base has deeply implemented the requirements of the Regulations, leveraging its teaching resource advantages to create a series of scenario simulation teaching courses. Relying on vivid stage performances and immersive experiential forms, it makes the heroic model spirit tangible and touchable, allowing it to 入脑入心 (rù nǎo rù xīn - "enter the brain and enter the heart," to be deeply internalized and impressed upon the mind), thereby significantly enhancing the targetedness and effectiveness of Party spirit education, and receiving wide acclaim from cadres undergoing training.
Meticulously polished teaching courses. The teaching base firmly bases itself on true stories and carefully polishes high-quality scenario simulation teaching courses. The Kong Fansen spirit, as an important part of the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists, contains the precious connotations of loyal responsibility, selfless dedication, and deep concern for the masses, and serves as a high-quality textbook for tempering the Party spirit of Party members and cadres. Focusing on Kong Fansen's life trajectory and spiritual character, the teaching base innovatively launched the Kong Fansen spirit-themed situational Party lesson "Writing Political Achievements in the Hearts of the People." The course is divided into five major chapters, panoramically recreating Kong Fansen's arduous journey of being sent to aid Tibet twice, taking root on the plateau, and bending over to serve the people. The classroom teaching integrates multiple forms such as situational performance, story telling, and interactive interviews, further enriching the traditional Party lesson framework. All staff of the teaching base participated in the creation and rehearsal of the red stage play "The Power of the Model," using stage art to interpret the model's demeanor. In addition, they also arranged a new play "Ode to Fansen" combining situational recitation, drama, song and dance, and other forms, as well as 15 distinctive themed story short situational programs, making the content of scenario simulation teaching richer and more substantial.
Innovatively designed teaching links. The teaching base has built a complete teaching chain of "pre-class preparation, in-class immersion, and post-class reflection." Before the training begins, staff push learning materials in advance to help trainees understand the background, preview the teaching content, and listen with questions in mind. In the classroom, teachers carefully set teaching links and control the teaching process, enabling trainees to truly feel the power of role models in an immersive experience, achieving an upgrade from experience to reflection. After the course ends, teachers organize exchange and discussion on site; trainees share their insights in light of their own work, examine themselves against the model, and deepen the learning effect through the collision of ideas. The teaching base actively promotes the combination of scenario simulation teaching with theoretical lectures and field study, relying on the "1+6+N" real-scene teaching pattern to link indoor stage performances with on-site teaching points such as memorial halls and former residences, forming a multi-level, three-dimensional teaching front.
Strengthen teaching talent support. The teaching base focuses on building a professional teaching team that is "eager to learn, good at comprehending, able to lecture, and capable of performing," and constructs a hierarchical and classified training system. It regularly organizes training activities such as collective lesson preparation, teaching polishing, on-site teaching observation, and red story telling competitions, simultaneously honing the comprehensive capabilities of the teaching staff in theoretical study, classroom lecturing, situational performance, and topic research, ensuring that various scenario simulation teaching courses such as immersive classroom, music classroom, and special dramas are continuously polished, iterated, and steadily improved in quality. A winter training mechanism has been established; each year, the teaching staff are organized for special winter training, inviting experts from the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) and the Provincial Party School in the field of cadre education to interpret cadre education and training policies; inviting experts in the history of the Chinese Communist Party and senior scholars in the study of the Kong Fansen spirit to deeply explore the spiritual core and guide the arrangement of course content; inviting professional drama directors and famous storytelling instructors to conduct practical training in stage performance and red storytelling. The winter training is accompanied by practical sessions such as field study, course peer review, topic salons, and play rehearsals, pushing all teaching staff to thoroughly grasp the contemporary connotation of the Kong Fansen spirit through diligent study and deep thinking, truly achieving depth in teaching, warmth in performance, and strength in research.
Enrich teaching forms and carriers. The teaching base relies on cutting-edge digital technology to create teaching scenes and interactive teaching carriers, comprehensively utilizing professional technologies such as large language models to accurately model based on first-hand materials including Kong Fansen's biographical materials, oral records, and letters and manuscripts. The teaching base also relies on digital technology to create the situational drama "Dialogue Across Time and Space," enriching stage presentation, making the heroic model image more vivid and lively, and enhancing the teaching appeal through digital forms.
The novel and vivid scenario simulation teaching has achieved tangible educational results. Participating cadres have expressed that the immersive classroom experience shakes the soul and inspires progress, enabling them to truly understand Kong Fansen's public servant sentiment that "the highest realm of love is to love the people." Scenario simulation teaching has effectively enhanced the practical effectiveness of cadre education and training. It has now become a bright teaching business card of the teaching base, playing an important role in enabling the heroic model spirit to 落地生根 (luò dì shēng gēn - "fall to the ground and take root," to become firmly established) and the red gene to be passed down from generation to generation (薪火相传 (xīn huǒ xiāng chuán - "the fire is passed on from one piece of wood to another," to pass the torch from one generation to the next)).
(The author is the Director of the Kong Fansen Spirit Teaching Base Service Center in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, and the Curator of Comrade Kong Fansen Memorial Hall.)
By: 王煦
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Chinese Communist Party played a role as a 中流砥柱 (zhōng liú dǐ zhù - "pillar in the midstream," mainstay), and Yan'an also became the "land of hope" for the entire nation. During this period, Yan'an received batches of visitors, including not only political figures and social activists but also many writers and scholars. The writers and scholars observed Yan'an, experienced Yan'an, and recorded Yan'an, leaving behind rich written materials that provide vivid素材 for us to understand the revolutionary holy land of that time and further explore the path by which the Chinese Communist Party achieved success and victory.
Yan'an Scenery
Many of the writers and scholars who visited Yan'an had long "yearned for it in their hearts," but when they first arrived and saw the harsh living conditions, many still found it unexpected. In modern times, the northern Shaanxi region had suffered frequent disasters and social turmoil, remaining largely desolate and impoverished. Journalist Yu Songhua, who visited Yan'an in 1937, described northern Shaanxi as "the earth old, the sky ancient, water dried up, rocks decayed." The city of Yan'an at that time was also "old-fashioned." Journalist Zhao Chaogou, who visited Yan'an in 1944, described it: "Here there are not only no fine mountains or beautiful waters, but also not a single lawn for strolling, not a single patch of shade to rest in. Gazing into the distance, dust fills the eyes, without a trace of bright color." When Lao She first arrived in Yan'an in 1939, he also experienced a huge "sense of落差." In his long poem Jianbei Pian (剑北篇), Lao She wrote that before reaching Yan'an, he "expected crowds thick and shadows chaotic, ten thousand lights, warm air and lively voices." But the actual situation was completely different: "In the twilight, sparse stars dotted the sky; inside and outside the city were broken tiles and crumbling walls; silent waters, mute mountains; around the mountain waist and water's edge, wisps of smoke swirled!" Between 1938 and 1941, Japanese aircraft bombed Yan'an multiple times, causing severe damage to the city, resulting in the tragic scene of "broken tiles and crumbling walls." The environment was difficult, life was hard, to the extent that Zhao Chaogou believed "those accustomed to urban pleasures who come to Yan'an will certainly feel tragic disappointment."
Although Yan'an's material aspect could hardly be said to have any "scenery," Yan'an's social aspect would never cause "disappointment." The writers soon discovered that in this simple small city, society was stable, order was well-maintained, people did not pick up lost items on the road, and doors were not locked at night. Chen Jiageng, an overseas Chinese leader and educator, when visiting Yan'an in 1940, encountered several young women from Nanyang (Southeast Asia). After finishing dinner at the guesthouse, they had to walk ten li back to their school. Chen Jiageng asked them, "Are there any difficulties or dangers at night?" The answer was: "The customs here are very good; one person often walks alone at night." What impressed the writers even more was that Yan'an was completely free of the social vices and ills that were ubiquitous in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and occupied areas. Writer Ding Ling wrote a long poem in 1937, Yan'an in July (七月的延安), praising Yan'an: "The streets are clean, planted with locust and mulberry; there are no beggars, nor girls selling smiles; no opium dens are seen, no gambling houses found. All occupations are content, tillers have their fields." Educator Huang Yanpei observed in 1945 in Yan'an that the public servants and their families "all wore uniforms, regardless of gender; the female students wore school uniforms with short hair, all representing full vitality. The local common people also had very neat clothes, made of blue or white homespun cloth," and "not a single idle loafer was seen." Yan'an was precisely such a place: under the harshest environment, it generated tremendous vitality, shouldered the mission of protecting the country, and also heralded the future of New China.
Yan'an Atmosphere
The clear and simple social appearance of Yan'an city reflected the vigorous and uplifting life atmosphere of Yan'an's people. As poet Ai Qing wrote, "The land here is not fertile, nor does it have the scenery of Jiangnan, but here... the people live very contentedly, very peacefully; there is surplus grain in the granaries, cotton-padded jackets in winter; instead of gloom and sorrow, their faces carry smiles." Yan'an during the War of Resistance "was like the rising sun rolling in the clear blue sky."
The "splendid days" in the poet's writing were achieved through struggle. Despite the harsh environment and difficult life, Yan'an people never bowed to difficulties. They worked hard to develop production and engage in construction. "Now, people embracing lofty ideals are transforming this loess plateau. Believe it or not, but this is reality!" This was the exclamation of Mao Dun after visiting Yan'an in 1940. Writer Chen Xuezhao felt this even more deeply; she came to Yan'an in 1938 and lived there long-term. In her collection of reportage Yan'an Visit Notes (延安访问记), she praised Yan'an: "It changes every day, progresses every day, improves every day; if you don't go into the city for a few days, you will feel a sense of being unable to keep up or being estranged." Especially when the War of Resistance entered the stalemate stage, under extremely严峻 struggle conditions, the Party Central Committee led the people of the border region to carry out the "Great Production Movement." Party, government, military, civilians, and students all joined the front line, reclaiming wasteland and planting crops, weaving cloth and spinning yarn, using their own hands to achieve ample food and clothing. Everyone vied with each other, setting off a wave of labor. Yan'an writer Wu Boxiao once depicted the grand scene of a "spinning competition": "The sky and earth were the workshop, the deep valleys were the workshop floor, with the sky as canopy and the earth as mat, surrounded by mountains." "At a single command, a hundred spinning wheels sang together; not to mention anything else, just the buzzing sound was like an airfield's planes taking off, or boats weighing anchor at the Yangtze River. That was no competition; it was ten thousand horses galloping, jointly completing a combat mission." The Great Production Movement not only produced tangible material results but also brought profound changes in the social atmosphere. Mao Dun keenly captured this: "Young men and women speaking various dialects, from various family backgrounds, having gone through various social lives, were there 'reclaiming wasteland'... lifting ancient farm tools, struggling with the billion-year-old loess layer." For cadres and students, learning from workers and peasants and loving labor was not only a need for production and construction but also a baptism of thought—stripping away "urban tastes" and becoming true laborers, true revolutionaries.
Of course, Yan'an people not only had the heroic spirit of hard struggle but also were not lacking in lively and romantic qualities. Especially when large numbers of progressive youth rushed to Yan'an to jointly seek truth and pursue ideals, it made the ancient city radiate youthful vitality. "Emotions unrestrained, spirit magnificent"—this was Mao Dun's psychological portrayal of Yan'an people, especially Yan'an youth. He once recorded the scene of a summer night "song gathering" at the Yan'an Lu Xun Academy of Literature and Art: Under the bright moon, with tree shadows swaying, students in groups of three or five enjoying the cool night talk would suddenly, without prior agreement, sing "The wind roars, the horses neigh, the Yellow River roars." This stirring singing, this passion and romance, ultimately transformed into the consciousness and strength to投身 the War of Resistance. Lao She, who had been saddened by seeing Yan'an's "broken tiles and crumbling walls," was soon infected by Yan'an's songs and wrote a long poem to express his feelings: "Oh, the invader's bombs, how much power, how much majesty? Listen, the songs of resistance still unbroken, in the newly dug caves, between mountain fields and streams, the solemn songs, every sound is resistance, stretching, stretching to the banks of the great river!" "How pitiful, the might of bombing, only evoked a chorus of songs: Singing, we open mountains, singing, we open fields, singing, we till the fields, singing, we resist, resist, resist!" Songs express emotions, songs express aspirations; songs displayed the vigorous and flourishing atmosphere of Yan'an people, and injected powerful strength into inspiring fighting spirit and jointly resisting foreign aggression.
Yan'an Work Style
Through Yan'an's customs and atmosphere, writers and scholars began to explore the internal motivations and spiritual roots of the Chinese Communist Party's continuous growth and strengthening of the border region政权 and its role as a mainstay in the War of Resistance.
From the scenes described by writers and scholars, it can be seen that Communists always put the interests of the people first. "Rebuilding a new world from the old state, a hundred tasks begin with seeking for the masses"—this was the exclamation of Qian Laisu, an old member of the Tongmenghui and poet, in his 1943 poem Returning to Yan'an (重到延安). Zhao Chaogou also praised: "Yan'an's administrative cadres have no special prestige to put on airs before the people." The Party serves the people wholeheartedly and fully relies on the masses. Huang Yanpei wrote in Returning from Yan'an (延安归来): On Yan'an's streets, "at the corner of the blackboard there was a suggestion box; anyone could drop in a written opinion if they wanted to speak to the government." By sincerely learning from the common people, doing practical things for them, and becoming their "own people," the Party also won the people's support. At that time, "some people maliciously mocked the Communist Party as '唯民众论者' (wéi mínzhòng lùn zhě - 'people-only theorists')." In 1938, journalist Shu Yin raised this question to Mao Zedong in Yan'an. Mao Zedong replied: "'The people are the foundation of the state'—this is a famous saying of our sages from thousands of years ago, not a new invention of the Communist Party. Those critics who mock and belittle the power of the people are not worth engaging in theoretical debate with; just starve them for three days and see what they do. Without farmers, there is no grain; without weavers, there is no clothing—this is a very simple truth!" It was this "simple truth" that laid a solid foundation for the revolutionary cause and forged the spirit and stance of Chinese Communists. As Wu Boxiao said: The Communists who came from Yan'an "are not gods, not extraordinary people, nor heroes and heroes decreed by imperial edict. They are ordinary people who came from among the common people and will return to the common people. The one difference is that they have greater determination and are more selfless in serving the common people. The sufferings of the common people are their sufferings; helping the common people achieve liberation, they also achieve liberation."
Through in-depth observation, writers and scholars also felt the Communists' belief and work style in pursuing truth and exploring the path. This work style was the result of the Chinese Communist Party's continuous promotion of "sinicization of Marxism." Zhao Chaogou believed, "The first characteristic of Yan'an's political style is seeking truth from facts, not speaking empty words, not singing high-sounding tunes, not blindly worshipping foreign dogmas." Huang Yanpei recorded what Mao Zedong told him at that time: "Having read Marxism, but not being able to use it to study China's historical reality and create one's own theory that meets China's actual needs; being a member of the Chinese Communist Party but seeing only the revolutionary documents on the bookshelf, not China—this kind of Marxist theorist is better to have fewer." Regarding the Communist Party's practice of exploring and developing Marxist-Leninist theory based on national conditions, Zhao Chaogou also had deep understanding. He wrote in his collection of correspondence One Month in Yan'an (延安一月): "Marx and Lenin no longer appear in Western suits and leather shoes, but have put on Chinese long gowns and mandarin jackets or farmers' coarse cloth short jackets. From small things like labor-exchange teams, yangge dance troupes, and cooperatives, to big things like New Democracy, we can find that they are composite products of the content of Marxist-Leninist theory and the outer garment of national form."
Writers and scholars also noted the Communists' "seriousness in self-examination and severity in criticism." During the Yan'an Rectification Movement, adhering to the policy of "learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones and curing the illness to save the patient," the Party eliminated the influence of不良 work styles such as subjectivism, sectarianism, and "Party stereotyped writing" through serious criticism and self-criticism. Zhao Chaogou saw that "Yan'an's production and education work strives to win over the masses and respect reality," "Yan'an cadres'平民化 in life, seriousness in work, and humility in study," and that Communists "when there is a mistake in affairs, they must seek self-reflection; when a person has a mistake, they immediately criticize." He believed "the Communist Party's rectification movement was also successful." Yan'an's work style also deeply touched Chen Jiageng. In the preface to Chen Jiageng's Collected Speeches (《陈嘉庚言论集》自序) written in May 1949, he recalled: For many years, he had been "worried and pessimistic about state affairs, without a moment's respite," until after visiting Yan'an in 1940, "what I saw and heard, whether political or military, greatly exceeded my expectations. Militarily, they cooperated with the people, linked together, shared hardships, and treated each other sincerely." "As for the political aspect, its leaders and ordinary civil servants were diligent, frugal, honest, and simple; loyal to the public, enduring hardship; leading by example; strict in discipline; orderly in organization; treating students well; carefully selecting Party members; the people's livelihood was stable. Other measures to promote benefits and eliminate harms were actively implemented." All these things made Chen Jiageng "extremely excited in my heart, with joy beyond words; I felt it was a different world, like clearing away clouds and mist to see the blue sky." "From this I concluded that the Kuomintang government of Chiang Kai-shek was bound to fail, and the Yan'an Communist Party was bound to win."
The passages left by writers and scholars vividly displayed Yan'an's scenery, Yan'an's atmosphere, and Yan'an's work style, bringing hope and pointing direction to the suffering and confused masses. Many people in the Kuomintang-controlled areas began to understand and draw close to the Chinese Communist Party through these writings. Writer He Qifang wrote in I Sing of Yan'an (我歌唱延安): "The gates of Yan'an are open all day long; all day long, youth come from all directions, carrying bedrolls, burning with hope, walking through these gates." The Yan'an accounts of writers and scholars were not only a true portrayal of this revolutionary passion and historical trend but also a guide for those seeking light and progress, telling everyone—"China's hope lies in Yan'an!"
Return to TopBy: 王厚明
When Jin Shengtan (金圣叹) is mentioned, people often think of his astonishing talent in annotating Water Margin and The Romance of the Western Chamber, and of his classic judgment on the "Six Genius Books (六才子书)". He was erudite and versatile, skilled in prose and poetry, with a personality that was 狂放不羁 (kuáng fàng bù jī - "wild and unrestrained," unconventional and unconstrained), daring to break conventional Confucian prejudices. He completely abandoned any ambition for an official career, taking delight in reading and writing, annotating many ancient texts and novels, advocating that novels and plays be placed on an equal footing with traditional classics. He was hailed as the great synthesizer of novel criticism and a pioneer of Chinese vernacular literature.
Jin Shengtan (1608–1661) was a native of Wuxian County (吴县), Suzhou, at the turn of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Although born into poverty, he studied diligently and mastered Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. He was a devout believer in gods and Buddhas, fond of discussing the Book of Changes and also fond of expounding Buddhism. When practicing spirit-writing (扶乩), he 引经据典 (yǐn jīng jù diǎn - "cite the classics and base on canons," quote authoritative sources) and was 能言善辩 (néng yán shàn biàn - "able to speak and good at arguing," eloquent). Contemporaries recorded: "Gentlemen of the gentry and virtuous scholars were all bewitched by his words." The spirit-writing texts he composed were beautifully written, 催人泪下 (cuī rén lèi xià - "urge tears to fall," deeply moving), and often hit upon the innermost thoughts of the client, receiving widespread acclaim. The scholar-officials respectfully called him "Le Gong (泐公)" or "Le Shi (泐师)".
Jin Shengtan did not care for the Four Books and Five Classics (四书五经); he especially liked worldly novels. At age 12, he began annotating Water Margin, creating many literary criticism techniques such as general comments (总批), interlinear comments (夹批), and eyebrow comments (眉批). His writing was brilliant, 一针见血 (yī zhēn jiàn xiě - "one stab draws blood," hitting the nail on the head), and often achieved the effect of adding the finishing touch. The detail and thoroughness of Jin Shengtan's annotations were 空前未有 (kōng qián wèi yǒu - "never before seen," unprecedented) in the history of Chinese literary criticism. His annotations placed great emphasis on elucidating ideological content, often 借题发挥 (jiè tí fā huī - "use the topic to express one's own views," seizing a pretext to expound his ideas), commenting on political affairs, such that his social and life philosophies were 灼然可见 (zhuó rán kě jiàn - "clearly visible," evident). He denounced "犯上作乱" (fàn shàng zuò luàn - "offend superiors and start rebellion," rebel), believing that Shi Nai'an (施耐庵) titled the book Water Margin (meaning "Water's Edge") but actually meant "the utmost evil, the utmost rejection, not to be of the same China," and he opposed later generations adding the label of "loyalty and righteousness (忠义)" to it. However, he also sympathized with the people's suffering, hated officials who 鱼肉百姓 (yú ròu bǎi xìng - "treat the people like fish and meat," cruelly oppress the people) and government troops who were like bandits, and realized that under one Gao Qiu (高俅) there were a hundred Gao Lian (高廉), a thousand Yin Zhige (殷直阁) and their 狐群狗党 (hú qún gǒu dǎng - "foxes and dogs," pack of rogues), forming a social force that 祸国殃民 (huò guó yāng mín - "disaster to the country and calamity to the people," bring calamity to the nation). The 108 heroes "had no choice but to all enter the watery lair" because "chaos originated from above (乱自上作)", thus he affirmed the rebellion of the Liangshan heroes. Because he was dissatisfied with the heroes' acceptance of amnesty and incorporation, he judged that the last fifty chapters of Water Margin were a 横添狗尾 (héng tiān gǒu wěi - "horizontally add a dog's tail," a wretched sequel) by Luo Guanzhong (罗贯中), and therefore deleted them entirely. According to contemporary scholars, the currently popular edition of Water Margin is not Shi Nai'an's original but Jin Shengtan's abridged version.
When annotating The Romance of the Western Chamber, Jin Shengtan promoted Confucian moral norms such as "loyalty and forgiveness (忠恕)" and "filial piety and fraternal duty (孝悌)", but also exposed the devastation of human nature by feudal rites, praising the "rebellious" behavior of Cui Yingying (崔莺莺) and Zhang Sheng (张生), and extolling The Romance of the Western Chamber as a "marvelous text of heaven and earth (天地妙文)" and a 千古佳作 (qiān gǔ jiā zuò - "masterpiece for a thousand ages"). Jin Shengtan also selectively annotated books such as Discourses of the States (国语), Strategies of the Warring States (国策), and Zuo's Commentary (左传). He 博览群书 (bó lǎn qún shū - "extensively read many books," well-read) and had considerable personal insights, so much so that the genius books he annotated became bestsellers at the time: "Thus scholars of that era loved to read Shengtan's books; nearly every household had a copy." Even the Shunzhi Emperor 赞美有加 (zàn měi yǒu jiā - "praise with extra," highly praised) Jin Shengtan's works, saying, "This is a master of ancient prose; do not view him with the eyes of contemporary examination essays." Li Yu (李渔) exclaimed, "Reading Jin Shengtan's annotated Romance of the Western Chamber can cause talented men of a thousand ages to die of envy." The Chongping Shitou Ji (脂砚斋重评石头记) (Red Inkstone's Re-annotated Story of the Stone) says: "If Shengtan had seen this, who knows how many wonderful annotations he would have made." Qian Mu (钱穆) said that after reading Jin Shengtan's annotations, he felt that his own reading of Water Margin was wasted.
Because he was 才华横溢 (cái huá héng yì - "talent overflowing," extremely talented), Jin Shengtan was quite self-conceited, once saying, "Only I alone am a great talent; only I alone am sunk and wronged." Because he detested the eight-legged essay, he refused to be imprisoned by the imperial examination system, did not submit to worldly discipline, and treated the examination hall as 视为儿戏 (shì wéi ér xì - "regard as child's play," trifling). "Whenever the annual exam came, he would either include vulgar language in his prose or write a little poem at the end of the paper to satirize the examiner." He was ultimately dismissed because his annual exam essay was 怪诞不经 (guài dàn bù jīng - "strange and unreasonable," bizarre). The book Biographies of 700 Famous Figures of the Qing Dynasty (清代七百名人传) records several anecdotes of Jin Shengtan participating in the imperial exams. On one occasion, facing the topic "Would you be moved or not in such a case?" he wrote "moved" 39 times in a row on the exam paper, and mocked the examiner with the remark, "I only paid attention to the three characters 'forty and not' (四十不)." Another time, when the exam topic was "Mencius about to go to court to see the king (《孟子将朝王》)", Jin Shengtan "wrote not a single word; instead, at the four corners of the paper, he wrote four 'alas' characters." As a result, he 名落孙山 (míng luò sūn shān - "name falls behind Sun Shan," failed the exam). He even laughingly said to others, "Today I can return to my free self!"
In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), the newly appointed county magistrate of Wuxian, in order to collect overdue taxes, flogged the people, sparking public anger. Jin Shengtan, together with over a hundred scholars, gathered at the Confucian Temple to weep and protest. Unexpectedly, the authorities charged them with "disturbing the spirit of the late emperor" during the national mourning period, and Jin Shengtan was sentenced to decapitation as the principal offender. Thus perished a genius of his generation.
Jin Shengtan's talent was sweeping, his bearing bold and extraordinary. Throughout his life, he was 离经叛道 (lí jīng pàn dào - "depart from the classics and rebel against orthodoxy," heterodox) and 特立独行 (tè lì dú xíng - "stand alone and act independently," maverick). Even when swept along by the times and 身不由己 (shēn bù yóu jǐ - "body not under one's own control," involuntarily), he never 收敛锋芒 (shōu liǎn fēng máng - "sheathe the sharpness," restrained his talents). Ultimately, through his literary achievements, he became a legendary figure in the history of ancient Chinese literature.
Return to TopBy: 王生云
Returning to my hometown for the Dragon Boat Festival, the river valley was unbearably sultry. The car spiraled upward along the mountain road, with green ridges rolling on both sides. When we reached the mountainside of the Ailao Mountains, I pushed open the car window; cool wind hit my face, and the summer heat on my body instantly dissipated. This great mountain, stretching across central and southern Yunnan, naturally divides the boundary of cold and warmth. The dense mountain forest, like a thick barrier, firmly blocks the sultry heat of the river valley at the foot of the mountain.
After earning my doctorate, I have been teaching away from home year-round. With work and life matters keeping me busy, I rarely have time to return to my hometown. This time, I finally set foot on the soil of the Ailao homeland. After getting out of the car, I walked slowly alone along the mountain-top road. Looking into the distance, tea terraces stretched layer upon layer along the winding mountain terrain; white-walled cottages were scattered and set among green mountains and trees. The image of the deep mountains being isolated and desolate in my memory no longer exists.
Looking at the continuous new homes at the foot of the mountain, scenes from childhood of sitting around the fire pit and listening to my grandfather tell stories of the Kucong people (苦聪人) floated into my mind. In the depths of the Ailao Mountains, Zhedong (者东) and Jiujia (九甲) in Zhenyuan (镇沅) are the homelands where our Kucong people have lived for generations. The ‘Guocuo Barbarians’ (锅挫蛮) recorded in the New Book of Tang were our ancestors. The prefectural gazetteers of the Qing dynasty recorded them as ‘Guocong’ (果葱) and ‘Xiaoguzong’ (小古宗), and our people call themselves ‘Guocuo’ (锅挫). In the past, the older generation often said we were ‘people suffering hardship under nine layers of earth.’
In those days, our people lived in low houses built of leaves, with walls simply piled with stones and bamboo. The bamboo doors were crooked and couldn’t block the wind. Inside the house, there were three fire pits: one for cooking, one for roasting tea, and one specially for entertaining guests. Everyone lived by slash-and-burn farming, and year in and year out, they could not harvest much grain. Even a small packet of salt had to be carefully saved for several months. The most trying time was when it rained for days on end. Once the fire pit was extinguished by the rain, the whole family could only crowd into a leaking banana-leaf shack to make do for the night. When they went into the mountains to hunt, even after dividing the catch equally, it was hard to satisfy everyone’s hunger and warmth. In the past, we had no writing; all matters, big and small, were recorded by notching wood and tying knots. For water distribution in the terraced fields, wooden notches served as evidence. Layer upon layer of mountains locked off the road ahead, trapping generation after generation of Kucong people.
In the 1950s, the deep mountains, silent for a thousand years, finally ushered in new life. My grandfather often recalled the scene of those days with me: the People’s Liberation Army and ethnic work teams trekked over mountains and ridges, carrying grain and salt on their backs, going deep into the dense forests to seek out the hidden villagers. In the early years, our people were isolated from the world, timid by nature, and especially afraid of strangers. Even when trading mountain products with other peoples, they never showed themselves. They would quietly place fungus and game by the roadside, hide in the bushes, and only dare to come out after the other side had taken the goods and left.
However, the work teams were never impatient. They settled in the mountain villages, eating and living together with the villagers, and taught everyone hand in hand how to open up wasteland, plant crops, and build houses. The long, sincere companionship gradually dissolved the estrangement and wariness that had persisted for a thousand years among the ethnic group. From then on, the Kucong people successively emerged from the deep mountains, bid farewell to their hidden and wandering life, and for the first time gained stable dwellings. In 1987, the state formally restored our Lahu ethnic identity. In 1990, the Zhenyuan Yi, Hani, and Lahu Autonomous County (镇沅彝族哈尼族拉祜族自治县) in Yunnan Province was established. The Kucong people had their own representatives to participate in the deliberation and administration of state affairs, better integrating into the big family of the Chinese nation.
Rounding a patch of oak forest, the entire village suddenly appeared before my eyes. The vivid and warm smoke of human life diluted the thousand years of bitter cold in the deep mountains.
The resettlement courtyards built along the mountain were neat and orderly. Every household had a brick house with a yard, and every home had solar water heaters installed. Communication networks and drinking water facilities were fully equipped. The banana-leaf shacks and leaf-built low huts that once provided shelter now remain only in yellowed old photographs. The living environment had taken on an entirely new look, and the mentality of the villagers had quietly changed. In the past, they only sought shelter from wind and rain; now the village courtyards were clean and tidy, and many families had planted flowers and grass, looking very pleasant.
Walking along the smooth cement road in the village, at the end of the road I saw an old school building with rammed earth walls, dilapidated and in disrepair; the campus had long been empty. Just as I was wondering, I heard familiar footsteps behind me — it was Teacher Zhou, who had been retired for many years. After a long separation, we greeted each other with surprise and delight. He sighed softly: ‘This village primary school was merged and closed long ago, and it will be demolished soon. Now the children all go to Zhedong Town Central Primary School. The conditions there are excellent. They are uniformly issued school uniforms and rain boots, and every day there are hot nutritious meals. The children no longer have to endure the hardship of trekking over mountains to school as you did in your day.’
Thinking back in those days, Teacher Zhou would always wait at the mountain entrance, watching for timid children who had fallen behind, and escort them safely to school. At that time, many people in the village were conservative in their thinking, always feeling that studying was useless, and preferred to hold on to a few thin plots of land and endure a hard life. Now, every parent goes all out to send their children to school. Many young people, after completing their studies, did not stay in the city but returned to the village to invest in and set up factories. Some started walnut milk processing plants and tea processing factories, selling their products far and wide. Others began to write down memories, planning to publish their own biographies.
I arrived home at noon. The small yard was filled with the sweet aroma of stewed mutton and glutinous rice cakes. Father had prepared the Dragon Boat Festival family feast in advance. Villagers came visiting in twos and threes, and the yard was full of laughter and cheerful voices. The elders sat around a wooden table chatting enthusiastically about new topics: after the newly built county road opened, it took only a little over half an hour to go to the county town for market — in the past, that would take a whole day and night! I heard that many families had increased their income by planting Kucong ecological tea, raising Piao chickens and black goats. In their spare time, they go into the mountains to pick wild mushrooms, and neighbors team up to do live-streaming sales. Whenever someone discovers a knack for business, they share it with each other. Some young people curiously asked me: Will artificial intelligence replace traditional farming? Will we still need to work the land in the future? I couldn’t answer for a moment. Such daily life — neighborly harmony, stable and warm common life — was a scene that the villagers in the past would not have dared to imagine.
Dusk deepened. Gentle lights lit up the entire village. The distant and lingering sound of the sanxian drifted with the wind. The villagers sat around a bonfire, chatting, laughing, and dancing; children chased and frolicked along the village paths. The simple and vivid common life in the mountain wilderness held the most genuine warmth, cold, sorrow, and joy of the ordinary people. The local Party committee and government led the villagers in building roads and houses, developing industries, promoting education and nurturing talent. One by one, concrete matters of people’s livelihoods took root, allowing this ancient ethnic group to completely shake off poverty and achieve a historic leap.
Seeing these tremendous changes in the mountain village reminded me of an earlier Xinhua News Agency article — ‘A Thousand-Year Leap of a “Primitive Tribe”’ — which tells the story of our Kucong people. The Party’s ethnic policies and people-benefiting measures warmly infiltrate every inch of the deep mountain land. In the past, when I thought of my hometown, my mind was filled with perilous roads, thatched huts, and poverty. Now, upon return, I see a full view of lucid waters and lush mountains, new homes and smooth roads. Every night in the village, the lights are warm and dear. Years of nostalgia have lingered in my heart; the bitterness has dissipated, slowly leaving a sweet aftertaste.
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