Summary: The article, authored by Shandong Provincial Party Standing Committee member and Qingdao Party Secretary, outlines Qingdao’s strategy to implement President Xi Jinping’s vision for a “Healthy China” by developing a “China Health Bay” (中国康湾) as a vibrant, healthy bay city. It highlights Xi’s directive that people’s health is a priority for national prosperity and modernization. The plan addresses challenges from an aging population—with Qingdao’s 27% elderly rate exceeding the national average—by integrating medical, rehabilitation, and elderly care services. It leverages Qingdao’s natural assets, such as its coastal location and hot springs, to boost health industries including biotech, smart rehabilitation, and wellness tourism. The strategy also emphasizes innovation platforms, industrial clusters, and cross-sector collaboration to position Qingdao as a global health destination.
Summary: President Xi Jinping emphasized that a large economy's advantage lies in its internal circulation, which enhances the gravitational pull on global resources and supports a new development paradigm. The article reports that in the first half of 2026, China's economy demonstrated resilience despite external suppression, with new quality productive forces driving growth and exports reaching a record high. However, weak consumption and investment highlighted persistent domestic demand insufficiency, exacerbating the supply-demand imbalance. To address this, the author—a former deputy director of the Central Policy Research Office—advocates for boosting household consumption rates, adjusting income distribution, and leveraging high savings into effective spending and investment. The piece also calls for deepening reforms in urbanization, services, and private investment, while implicitly referencing U.S.-China tensions through mentions of external blockade and technological self-reliance.
Summary: Xi Jinping, during the 25th collective study session of the Politburo, emphasized the need for "bottom-line thinking" and "limit thinking" to enhance disaster prevention and response capabilities amid extreme weather. He stressed that reducing disaster risk relies on preemptive measures, urging officials to anticipate worst-case scenarios and maintain a strong sense of vigilance. The article traces this approach back to Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, and highlights Xi's earlier "four rathers" principle from his time in Zhejiang. It calls for systemic preparedness, technological support, and a people-centered approach to safeguard lives and property. No accompanying officials were named, and no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations was made.
Summary: The article emphasizes the need to maintain confidence and persevere in addressing risks and challenges during a period of strategic opportunities and heightened uncertainties. It calls on the Party to strengthen crisis awareness, adhere to bottom-line thinking, and enhance the ability to anticipate changes, detect risks, and respond effectively. The text stresses the importance of coordinating domestic and international situations, balancing development and security, to ensure steady progress. No specific officials or accompanying figures are mentioned. The article does not directly reference the United States or U.S.-China relations.
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Summary: The article outlines China's "15th Five-Year Plan" for employment, prioritizing high-quality full employment through modern industrial system development, balancing manufacturing and services. It emphasizes youth employment, noting the 16–24 age group will grow until 2033, and calls for policies to support emerging industries. The plan addresses AI-driven job displacement by advocating for dynamic adaptation, market mechanisms, and worker protections. It also stresses macroeconomic policy coordination, with employment as a priority target for economic cycles. The author is the director of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences’ Institute of Population and Labor Economics.
Summary: The article reports that new economic drivers, including high-end manufacturing, digital economy, and modern services, contributed over 40% to China's economic growth in the first half of the year, marking a structural shift toward innovation-driven development. It highlights that these drivers, despite accounting for only about 20% of industrial value-added, generated nearly half of industrial growth, reflecting sustained momentum from technological upgrading and digital transformation. The analysis notes a transition from traditional factor inputs to efficiency gains, with intellectual property investment rising 9.4% and R&D-intensive "little giant" firms growing 10.4%. The piece also emphasizes the synergy between emerging and traditional industries, as well as demand-side shifts toward green and smart consumption. It concludes by calling for further efforts to strengthen core technologies, deepen digital empowerment, and foster innovation ecosystems. The author is a researcher at the National Development and Reform Commission.
Summary: The article, authored by Shandong Party Secretary and Qingdao Party Secretary, outlines Qingdao's strategy to implement President Xi Jinping's "Healthy China" initiative by developing itself into an internationally influential "China Health Bay." It emphasizes integrating healthcare, elderly care, and wellness industries to address aging population challenges and capitalize on global health tech trends. The plan leverages Qingdao's coastal location, research institutions (e.g., Rehabilitative University), and existing medical infrastructure to create a hub for health innovation, elder care, and tourism. Key priorities include building a health science innovation base, a high-end health industry cluster, a premier destination for recuperative travel, and a comprehensive elderly care system. The piece stresses coordinated policy support, project investment, and talent cultivation to realize this vision, with no mention of the United States or bilateral relations.
Summary: President Xi Jinping emphasized the need to promote the extraterritorial application of China's intellectual property (IP) laws and improve cross-border judicial cooperation arrangements. The article outlines challenges in cross-border IP disputes, including jurisdictional conflicts, evidence gathering, enforcement of judgments, and rule alignment across legal systems. It proposes mechanisms such as coordinated jurisdiction rules, digital service and evidence procedures, enhanced recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, and sector-specific rule harmonization for standard-essential patents, e-commerce platforms, and digital copyrights. The piece also advocates for diversified dispute resolution methods like arbitration and mediation to complement litigation. No mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations appears in the text.
Summary: President Xi Jinping emphasized that mediation should be used to resolve contradictions among the people, highlighting the role of people's mediation and commercial arbitration. The article details China's people's mediation system, rooted in traditional culture and the "Fengqiao experience," as a voluntary, grassroots mechanism for dispute resolution. It describes recent efforts to strengthen the system through improved procedures, technology (e.g., online mediation), and integration with judicial and administrative mediation. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article discusses the legislative "time gap" in China, where legal frameworks lag behind rapid technological advances in fields like AI, digital economy, and biomanufacturing. It cites Xi Jinping's observation that laws have not kept pace with new technologies and business models. To close this gap, the article advocates for enhanced legislative foresight, flexible "small and fast" laws tailored to emerging sectors, and a balance between speed and legislative quality. It highlights examples such as local regulations for low-altitude economy and intelligent connected vehicles as models for national legislation. No mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations is present in the text.
Summary: The article reports on the China Huadian Corporation Chongqing Branch, whose Party committee, led by its secretary and executive director, emphasizes correct performance perspectives and a "strengthen, optimize, refine, beautify" strategy. It highlights the company's role in serving national energy security and local economic development, notably increasing annual power generation from 3.4 billion kWh to a peak of 6.2 billion kWh since the 14th Five-Year Plan. The company commissioned China’s largest and most efficient F-class heavy-duty gas turbine unit in June 2026, reducing coal use by 200,000 tons and CO2 emissions by 500,000 tons annually. It also advanced clean energy from 0% to 67% of its mix, achieved safety and environmental targets, and integrated AI platforms like "Huayu Xiaozhi" for management. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article, authored by a deputy general manager of Shanghai Huabin Investment Co., Ltd., outlines the company's Party branch strategy for 2026, the 105th anniversary of the CPC and start of the 15th Five-Year Plan. It emphasizes integrating Party building with business operations, establishing Party organizations within office buildings, and using "warm enterprise stations" to serve tenants. The branch focuses on aligning with national strategies, such as Shanghai's "five centers" construction, and has achieved a 99% customer satisfaction rate and top occupancy in the World Expo area. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article argues that ideological and political work is essential for the high-quality development of public hospitals, emphasizing its role in ensuring they remain people-centered and publicly oriented. It details how Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital integrates such work into governance, party building, business operations, and culture to align with the Healthy China strategy. The author, a party official at the hospital, stresses breaking down silos between party affairs and clinical work, using mechanisms like "medical ethics points" and smart platforms. The piece calls for a comprehensive "big political work" system under party leadership to drive innovation and service improvement. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: During a visit to Dezhou, Shandong on June 24, 2026, Xi Jinping inspected summer grain production and emphasized that ensuring stable supply of grain and other key agricultural products is the top priority, calling for support policies, stable input prices, and adoption of advanced techniques to boost yields. The article, authored by Dezhou's party secretary, details the city's evolution from saline-alkali land to a "ton-and-a-half grain" production model, achieving high yields through improved farmland, water networks, and technology. It highlights Dezhou's role as a national pilot for high-standard farmland and its "ton-and-a-half grain" standard, which has been promoted to similar regions across the country. The piece also discusses Dezhou's efforts to advance agricultural modernization, build a high-quality agricultural supply base for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and transform from a traditional grain-producing city into a "food famous city." No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article commemorates the 90th anniversary of the Red Army's Long March by highlighting three personal letters from revolutionary figures—Li Jun, Gao Jiecheng, and Li Zhen—that exemplify the spirit of sacrifice and perseverance. It details Li Jun's farewell note to his wife before his death in battle, Gao Jiecheng's letter to his uncle affirming his commitment despite debts, and Li Zhen's reflections on revisiting the Long March route. The piece concludes with a quote from Xi Jinping, emphasizing that each generation has its own Long March and that building a modern socialist China is a relay race. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Gu Songfen, a foundational figure in China's aviation industry and the only dual academician in both the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, was celebrated for merging literary cultivation with scientific rigor. The article details how his upbringing in a scholarly family and years spent reading classics and foreign technical literature shaped his unique aesthetic approach to aircraft design, insisting that fighters must be both aerodynamically sound and visually harmonious. He led the development of the Jian-8 fighter, often reviewing designs with a literary eye, and throughout his career emphasized the importance of humanities education for scientists. In 2021, he received the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award from President Xi Jinping, and his life was encapsulated by the phrase "reciting the fragrance of gentlemen" for his dedication to both national defense and cultural heritage. He passed away in Beijing on May 31, 2026, at age 96.
Summary: In a recent statement, Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasized the need for original technologies to move from "0 to 1" and then "extend and advance the '1'" beyond the lab stage into practical industrial application. He stressed that technological breakthroughs must be embedded into industrial, standard, and ecological systems to transform into real productivity and long-term competitiveness. The article highlights that China's innovation challenge is not a lack of initial breakthroughs but the failure to sustain and integrate them into the industrial chain, often losing out to competitors like DuPont, which built systematic patent barriers. It argues that deep integration of science and industry requires a closed-loop process involving engineering validation, standards, certification, and ecosystem diffusion, especially in future technologies. Xi's remarks implicitly critique the current gap between research output and industrial dominance, referencing U.S. competition as a benchmark for strategic advantage.
Summary: The article, authored by a former deputy director of the Central Policy Research Office, reports on President Xi Jinping's emphasis on the advantages of a large economy's internal circulation, which is key to the "dual circulation" strategy. It analyzes China's 2026 H1 economic performance, highlighting growth in new quality productive forces and exports despite external pressure, while noting weak domestic consumption and investment. The author argues that addressing supply-demand imbalance requires boosting household consumption through income redistribution, urban-rural integration, and service sector expansion. The piece advocates for converting China's high savings rate into consumption and investment via coordinated fiscal and monetary policies, without directly referencing the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: President Xi Jinping, speaking at the National Science and Technology Awards Conference and other concurrent meetings, called for stricter standards and concrete measures to address academic misconduct and foster a clean research environment. He emphasized that scientific integrity is a hard foundation for high-level technological self-reliance, with no exceptions for high-profile individuals. The article notes that China has built a comprehensive institutional framework since 2018, including zero-tolerance policies and joint punishment mechanisms, but implementation remains key. It highlights public concern over the link between publication metrics and resource allocation, urging transparent investigations and proportional responses. The author argues that future efforts must both dismantle "paper-only" evaluation incentives and establish robust, quality-oriented assessment systems to embed integrity into everyday practice.
Summary: The article outlines China's strategy to build a climate-resilient society, emphasizing adaptation alongside mitigation. It cites President Xi Jinping's call to integrate climate response into national planning, prioritizing people-centered, systematic governance and nature-based solutions. Key pathways include legal frameworks, cross-sector coordination, and international cooperation. The piece underscores China's commitment to global climate governance and its role as a responsible major country. The author is the director of the Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization Research Center.
Summary: China's marine ecological protection and restoration is a strategic priority for high-quality development and the building of a "Beautiful China" and maritime power. Despite progress, challenges remain from historical ecological debts, insufficient land-sea coordination, and the dual pressures of intensive development and climate change. The article outlines a systematic approach emphasizing ecological priority, integrated governance, and long-term mechanisms. It advocates for combining ecological restoration with economic activities like eco-tourism and blue carbon, and enhancing scientific and technological support. The piece also calls for deepening global cooperation, including with Maritime Silk Road countries, and contributing to international marine governance standards.
Summary: The article summarizes the "Beautiful China Construction Effectiveness Assessment Measures" issued by the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council. The measures establish a comprehensive evaluation system that integrates ecological protection with economic development, shifting from targeted pollution remediation to holistic territorial governance. It defines five core assessment dimensions: implementation of responsibilities, achievement of annual targets, completion of key tasks, fund performance, and public satisfaction. The framework emphasizes strict enforcement, reward-and-punishment mechanisms, and localized implementation tailored to regional ecological and industrial conditions. The goal is to institutionalize long-term ecological governance and transform environmental protection into an intrinsic driver of high-quality development.
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By: 曾赞荣
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to the building of a Healthy China. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out, “People’s health is an important marker of national prosperity and the country’s strength,” and “the most important indicator of modernization is still people’s health, which is the foundation of a happy life for the people,” emphasizing that “people’s health must be placed in a strategic position of priority development.” This has pointed the direction and provided the fundamental guidance for us to implement the Healthy China strategy. Qingdao City deeply studies and implements General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on the building of a Healthy China and his important instructions and requirements for the work of Shandong and Qingdao, based on its own endowments and advantages in natural resources, industrial foundation, scientific and technological innovation, etc., with the goal of “a famous city for mountain-sea health and wellness, a vibrant and healthy bay area (山海康养名城、活力健康湾区),” building an internationally influential “China Health Bay (中国康湾),” and striving to make greater contributions to the building of a Healthy China.
Persist in placing the implementation of the Healthy China strategy in a priority position in urban development
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Building a Healthy China by 2035 is a strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee. The ‘15th Five-Year Plan (十五五)’ is a critical period for achieving this goal. We must make overall plans, step up efforts, and strive for decisive progress.” With economic and social development and changes in the population situation, the contradiction between the health needs of our country’s residents and the supply of high-quality health services is becoming increasingly prominent. Qingdao, based on its location in the “golden livable belt (黄金宜居带)” at 36-37 degrees north latitude and the unique resource endowments around Jiaozhou Bay, accelerating the building of a Healthy China and building a vibrant and healthy bay area city has great practical significance.
Building a vibrant and healthy bay area city is an inevitable requirement for conforming to the development trend of population aging and promoting the development of undertakings for the elderly. Currently, the degree of population aging in our country continues to deepen. The elderly population aged 60 and above has reached 320 million, accounting for 23.0% of the total population. There are more than 35 million disabled and semi-disabled elderly, and about 15 million elderly with dementia. Qingdao has a registered population of 2.335 million aged 60 and above, with an aging rate of 27%, 4 percentage points higher than the national average, and has entered a moderately aging society. With the increase in the elderly population, demand in areas such as chronic disease management, sports rehabilitation, healing and wellness, and residential elderly care is also continuously growing. The expectations of the elderly for life are expanding from “being able to see a doctor and being cured” to full-cycle, composite services such as providing for the elderly and making them happy. Implementing the Healthy China strategy and building a vibrant and healthy bay area city means promoting the organic connection and effective integration of resources such as medical care, rehabilitation, elderly care, nursing, culture and sports, further stimulating the vitality of the development of undertakings for the elderly and the elderly care industry, and better meeting the multi-level and diversified elderly care service needs of the elderly.
Building a vibrant and healthy bay area city is a practical need to closely follow the trend of technological change in the health industry and shape new advantages for high-quality development. Currently, the global health industry is at the intersection of technological transition and demand expansion. Fields such as biomedicine, medical devices, rehabilitation aids, intelligent rehabilitation, and embodied intelligence are accelerating development. The health industry has become an important direction for cultivating and developing new quality productive forces and opening up new tracks for future industries. Qingdao has abundant health science and education resources, with universities and institutes such as the University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (康复大学), Ocean University of China, Qingdao University, and Qingdao Health Science and Technology Vocational College; a solid industrial foundation, with enterprises such as Haier, Hisense, and Impulse accelerating their layout in the health industry, and competitive advantages initially formed in fields such as the “blue pharmacy (蓝色药库)” and marine food; diverse service scenarios, covering rehabilitation medical care, institutional elderly care, home care, and smart health and wellness, providing rich scenarios for the transformation of health science and technology achievements, the application of health and wellness products, and the cultivation of new business forms. Implementing the Healthy China strategy and building a vibrant and healthy bay area city means promoting the deep integration of the industrial chain, innovation chain, service chain, and talent chain, accelerating the formation of a modern health industry system with rehabilitation as a characteristic, and cultivating new momentum and shaping new advantages for the connotative development of the city.
Building a vibrant and healthy bay area city is a major measure to leverage Qingdao’s resource endowment advantages and better meet the people’s high-quality health needs. Qingdao has mountains and sea leaning on each other, bay and city blending, possessing natural resources such as bays, islands, hot springs, and forests, as well as cultural resources such as traditional Chinese medicine and Laoshan Taoist health preservation. It enjoys reputations such as “coastal convalescent resort” and “China’s most beautiful bay”, and is one of the most livable cities in China selected by the United Nations. It has good conditions for developing service industries such as healthy living, residential convalescence, hot spring health and wellness, island health and wellness, and traditional Chinese medicine health and wellness. Qingdao’s health and elderly care service foundation is solid. During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, it was selected as one of the first batch of national demonstration project cities for public hospital reform and high-quality development (国家公立医院改革与高质量发展示范项目) and was rated “excellent”. It was selected as a national demonstration pilot for traditional Chinese medicine inheritance and innovation (国家中医药传承创新示范试点), approved to build a national regional medical center (国家区域医疗中心), and established 6 compact urban medical groups (紧密型城市医疗集团) and 9 compact county-level medical communities (紧密型县域医共体). The number of elderly care institutions in the city has reached 297, with 43,000 elderly care beds. A three-level elderly care service network of districts/cities, towns/streets, and villages/neighborhoods has been built, with over 1,400 elderly canteens (老年食堂), basically forming a 15-minute elderly care service circle (15分钟养老服务圈). As a national demonstration city for the transformation of long-term care insurance (全国长期护理保险转型示范城市), long-term care services cover the entire urban and rural areas. Implementing the Healthy China strategy and building a vibrant and healthy bay area city means transforming Qingdao’s natural, cultural, and medical-nursing resource advantages into healthy development advantages, launching more high-quality and distinctive health products and services, and enabling the people to enjoy a higher quality, more accessible, and warmer healthy life.
Leverage characteristic advantages, accelerate the building of a vibrant and healthy bay area city
Cities are key carriers for implementing the Healthy China strategy and improving the health level of the entire population. The “Healthy China 2030” Planning Outline points out that building healthy cities should be taken as an important starting point for promoting the building of a Healthy China. Relying on its own environmental characteristics of the Jiaozhou Bay area and the resource endowments of mountains, sea, bay, and city, Qingdao takes accelerating the construction of “China Health Bay” as the urban expression and characteristic practice of the Healthy China strategy. Among them, “Health” means “health”, and “Bay” means “bay area city”. The core is to integrate the development concept of “full-age health, whole-region health and wellness (全龄健康、全域康养)” into the entire process and all aspects of urban development, and strive to build a vibrant and healthy bay area city.
Build a health science and technology innovation base. Scientific and technological innovation is an important driving force for the development of health undertakings and the health industry, and also an important guide for the construction of “China Health Bay”. In practice, Qingdao insists on gathering resources with innovation platforms, breaking through technologies with collaborative research, and promoting transformation with scenario applications, promoting the synergy and integration of science and technology, education, and clinical application, and accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological advantages in the health field into industrial advantages and the well-being of the masses. Strengthen innovation platforms. Leverage the role of universities and institutes such as the University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao University, focus on the frontiers of health science and technology, lay out innovation platforms such as key laboratories, technology innovation centers, and engineering research centers, and encourage leading enterprises in the industry to form innovation consortia with universities, institutes, and upstream and downstream enterprises. Deepen industry-university-research collaboration. Support enterprises in the health field to strengthen docking and cooperation with universities and institutes, focus on frontier fields such as brain-computer interfaces, rehabilitation aids, and rehabilitation robots, carry out collaborative research on key technologies, and strive to form more innovative achievements in the health field. Promote scenario application. Build a training and verification center for embodied robots and intelligent rehabilitation products in the health and wellness field (康养领域具身机器人暨智能康复类产品训练验证中心), encourage rehabilitation hospitals, health and wellness institutions, and rehabilitation aid enterprises to build a “scenario supply-demand consortium (场景供需联合体)”, enrich the supply of application scenarios such as rehabilitation aid trials and robot-assisted training, attract products from leading enterprises for on-site testing, and promote the deep integration and effective connection of product development, scenario practice, and achievement transformation.
Build a highland for health industry development. The health industry is connected to people’s livelihood and well-being on one side and economic development on the other, and is an important support for the construction of “China Health Bay”. In practice, Qingdao insists on driving the extension of the industrial chain through breakthroughs in key areas, promoting the agglomeration of factors through the construction of specialized parks, and enhancing development vitality through the cultivation of business entities, promoting the clustered development of industries such as biomedicine, medical devices, rehabilitation aids, and intelligent rehabilitation, and accelerating the formation of a modern health industry system with Qingdao characteristics, strong competitiveness, and radiating driving force. Cultivate and strengthen business entities. Establish a target enterprise database for investment attraction, actively attract leading enterprises and innovation teams in the rehabilitation and health and wellness field, support enterprises in developing rehabilitation aids, biomedicine and other products around artificial intelligence, life and health, etc., forming a cultivation echelon of “innovative small and medium-sized enterprises - specialized and new (专精特新) small and medium-sized enterprises - specialized and new ‘little giant (小巨人)’ enterprises”. Promote the construction of specialized parks. Support Laoshan District, Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao High-tech Zone, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Demonstration Zone (上合示范区), etc., relying on their own industrial foundations, to lay out and develop industries such as rehabilitation robots and intelligent rehabilitation equipment, gather a number of upstream and downstream projects of key industrial chains, and build characteristic parks in the sub-sectors of rehabilitation and health and wellness. Enrich the supply of characteristic health products. Tap the resources of marine characteristic products, vigorously develop new marine functional foods mainly made from marine oligopeptides, unsaturated fatty acids, and Antarctic krill. Increase the research and development of health foods, and develop more special foods suitable for the chewing, swallowing, and nutritional health needs of the elderly.
Build a residential convalescence resort. Health and wellness residential living connects ecological resources, cultural heritage, medical-nursing services, and healthy living, and is an important content for strengthening the characteristics and shaping the brand of “China Health Bay”. In practice, Qingdao insists on enriching carrying space through the construction of health residential living carriers, improving service supply through the development of characteristic health and wellness products, and expanding market space through cross-regional residential living cooperation, promoting the integrated development of multiple business forms, and accelerating the shaping of the “Mountain-Sea Health Bay · Vibrant Qingdao (山海康湾·活力青岛)” health and wellness residential living brand. Create high-quality healthy living products. In conjunction with the construction of “good houses (好房子)”, encourage real estate enterprises to cooperate with professional health and wellness operation institutions and medical institutions to scientifically plan and lay out large healthy communities. Promote the implantation of functions such as rehabilitation medical care, healthy dining, and elderly care into existing commercial office and community spaces, and renovate and build a number of rehabilitation medical apartments and residential health and wellness apartments. Explore models such as “forest + idle real estate (森林+闲置房地产)” and “forest + vacant homesteads (森林+空置宅基地)”, and develop products such as vacation homestays and residential small courtyards. Strengthen residential health and wellness services. Relying on seawater hot spring resources, introduce well-known hot spring operation institutions to develop hot spring health and wellness. Relying on the tourism development of islands such as Zhucha Island, Lingshan Island, and Tianheng Island, highlight “one island, one characteristic (一岛一特色)”, and develop island health and wellness. Relying on the cultural resources of Laoshan Taoist health preservation, develop products such as “food therapy (食疗)” and “tea therapy (茶疗)” suitable for different health and wellness groups, and develop healing health and wellness. Expand new types of health consumption. Encourage physical examination institutions to carry out special disease examinations and early screening and early detection of major diseases, and promote new health examination products. Attract health consumption brands to open first stores and flagship stores, and hold first-release, first-show, and first-exhibition activities. Vigorously develop characteristic sports such as sailing and beach volleyball, and promote the development of the sports rehabilitation industry.
Build a blessed land for healthy elderly care. Vigorously developing elderly care services is an urgent requirement for implementing the national strategy of actively responding to population aging, and is also an important point for the construction of “China Health Bay” to reflect the warmth of people’s livelihood and improve the quality of the city. In practice, Qingdao insists on consolidating health support with a medical rehabilitation service system, improving life care with community-embedded services, expanding happy scenarios with silver-age health consumption (银龄健康消费), promoting the organic connection of services such as medical care, rehabilitation, elderly care, nursing, learning, travel, and shopping, and accelerating the construction of a health and wellness-friendly city with accessible services, continuous care, a friendly environment, and active consumption. Improve the level of rehabilitation medical services. Leverage the radiating and driving role of high-level hospitals, deepen the construction of compact urban medical groups and county-level medical communities, promote the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources, and extend rehabilitation medical services to communities and families through internet medical care, home hospital beds, and door-to-door visits. Improve community-embedded services. Create composite service carriers such as elderly health and wellness stations (长者康养驿站) and medical-rehabilitation-elderly care integration sites (医康养融合站点), promote time-sharing of facilities and composite use of functions. Support the upgrading and renovation of existing elderly care institution facilities, encourage newly built elderly care institutions to provide services such as self-care, assisted living, cognitive care, and palliative care, and promote the transformation and development of eligible medical institutions into medical-nursing combined institutions. Enrich silver-age health consumption. Vigorously develop interactive consumption scenarios such as elderly-friendly tourism, elderly-friendly fitness, smart elderly care, and health management. Support scenic spots, supermarkets, commercial complexes, sports venues, etc., to carry out age-friendly renovations, launch special elderly tourism routes, silver-haired consumption zones, and themed consumption promotion activities.
Strengthen support and guarantees, create a good ecosystem for the development of health undertakings
Implementing the Healthy China strategy is a systematic project. We must firmly establish the thinking of “one chessboard (一盘棋)”, promote the concentration of resource factors in the health field, focus policy tools on key work, and sink work forces to the project front line, forming a strong synergy of upper and lower linkage, departmental coordination, regional collaboration, and social participation.
Strengthen planning guidance. Compile a high-level five-year plan for “China Health Bay”, further clarify development goals, spatial layout, key tasks, and implementation paths, and promote all districts and cities to form a work pattern of division of labor and coordination, differentiated development, and joint promotion based on resource endowments, industrial foundations, and service needs. Comprehensively grasp the different characteristics of health and wellness undertakings and health and wellness industries, short-term projects and long-term projects, mature products and initial products, implement policies by category and operate with differentiation, and achieve deep integration of health and wellness with cultural tourism, sports, real estate and other business forms. Focus on brand building and strategic guidance, integrate high-quality resources of the Qingdao metropolitan area and the Jiaodong economic circle (胶东经济圈), hold high-level events such as the Health and Wellness Industry Expo, scenario matchmaking meetings, and elderly care service supply-demand matchmaking, build project, capital, technology, and talent linking platforms at a higher level, and continuously enhance the brand recognition, resource agglomeration capacity, and regional driving force of “China Health Bay”.
Improve the policy system. Optimize land, construction, supporting, and operation policies for health and wellness community projects in accordance with laws and regulations, provide full-chain support covering planning, land supply, construction, financing, and operation, and promote the accelerated implementation of high-quality health and wellness communities, health service centers, and high-end rehabilitation medical institutions. Encourage financial institutions to provide financing support for key projects, elderly care institutions, technology-assisted disability projects, and health and wellness service entities, and explore medical-rehabilitation-elderly care equipment leasing and direct equity and bond financing models. Support entities in the health field to broaden financing channels through real estate investment trusts (REITs), equity, bonds, etc., and guide more financial resources to invest in health undertakings and the health and wellness industry. Fully leverage the guiding and empowering role of strategic purchasing by medical insurance, deepen the reform of medical insurance payment methods for rehabilitation hospitalization (康复住院医保支付方式改革), amplify the first-mover advantage of long-term care insurance, support the promotion and application of innovative drugs and devices, rehabilitation technologies, and intelligent health and wellness equipment, and improve convenient services such as online drug purchase and cross-regional settlement (线上购药、异地结算).
Strengthen support and guarantees for key projects. Take projects as the center and products as the starting point, coordinate the promotion of key project attraction, construction, and industrial development. Focus on fields and sub-tracks such as health and wellness real estate and the health industry, strengthen docking and negotiation with central enterprises, provincial enterprises, and leading enterprises in the industry, sign and land a number of key projects, and promote the accelerated landing, construction, and operation of large domestic and international projects. At the same time, focusing on key areas such as real estate, medical care, health and wellness, culture and sports, and focusing on key links such as approval services, factor guarantees, and scenario opening, innovatively launch a “one-stop service for one category of matters (一类事一站办)” service model for “China Health Bay” projects and infrastructure construction. Relying on the major project service guarantee mechanism, integrate cross-departmental and cross-level government service resources, set up online and offline acceptance zones, and provide “accompanying, full-process, value-added (陪伴式、全过程、增值化)” services. Improve the full life cycle service mechanism for projects, promote the coordinated efforts of policies on land, construction, medical insurance, finance, etc., promptly solve bottlenecks and difficult problems, and ensure that project construction progress is accelerated and practical results are achieved.
Strengthen the construction of professional talent teams. Implement the new era “Talent Strengthening Qingdao (人才强青)” plan and the “Haichuang Plan (海创计划)” high-level talent introduction and cultivation improvement project, and increase the intensity of introducing and cultivating high-level innovative talents in the health field. Support the University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences in strengthening discipline construction, laying out emerging interdisciplinary disciplines, and improving the talent cultivation capacity in professional fields such as rehabilitation medicine, rehabilitation engineering, rehabilitation therapy, and intelligent rehabilitation. Encourage universities and vocational colleges in Qingdao to set up related majors such as rehabilitation, elderly care, nursing, and health management, and promote the co-construction of industry-education integration communities (产教融合共同体) by schools, enterprises, medical institutions, elderly care institutions, and social organizations. Improve the full-chain mechanism of “introduction, cultivation, use, and retention” of elderly care service talents, cultivate a professional, vocational, and composite health service talent team, and provide talent guarantee and intellectual support for the construction of “China Health Bay”.
(The author is a member of the Standing Committee of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee and Secretary of the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee)
Return to TopBy: 郑新立
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the advantage of a large-country economy lies in its ability to circulate internally. The smoother the domestic circulation, the more it can form a gravitational field for global resource factors, the more conducive it is to building a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other, and the more conducive it is to forming new advantages for participating in international competition and cooperation. To promote the economy to achieve effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth, it is necessary to seize the key of expanding domestic circulation, strengthen macro-control, unleash economic growth potential, and ensure that the goals of the 15th Five-Year Plan (十四五) outline are achieved on schedule.
Outstanding Characteristics of Economic Operation in the First Half of 2026
In the first half of 2026, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, all regions and departments conscientiously implemented the decisions and deployments of the Central Committee of the Party and the State Council, adhered to the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implemented the new development concept, accelerated the construction of a new development pattern, strived to promote high-quality development, effectively implemented more proactive and impactful macro policies, and the economy withstood pressure and operated within a reasonable range. Production and supply grew relatively quickly, the employment situation was generally stable, prices rose moderately, foreign trade showed good growth momentum, new drivers grew rapidly, people's livelihood was effectively guaranteed, and development resilience continued to be demonstrated. Analyzing the statistical data for the first half of the year, the economic operation presents the following four outstanding characteristics.
First, new quality productive forces (新质生产力) have become the engine of economic growth. In the first half of the year, the output of smart products such as 5G smartphones, 3D printing equipment, and service robots grew rapidly. The new driver fields represented by high-tech manufacturing and digital product manufacturing contributed 47.9% to industrial growth. The retail penetration rate of new energy vehicles exceeded 60%. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 1.9% year-on-year. The data show that China's economy is steadily advancing in the direction of digital-intelligence and green transformation.
Second, exports have become an important driving force for economic growth. In the first half of the year, the total value of China's goods trade imports and exports was 25.47 trillion yuan, breaking the 25 trillion yuan mark for the first time in the historical period, a year-on-year increase of 16.9%. Among them, exports grew by 13.4%, imports grew by 22.1%, and the trade surplus was 3.99 trillion yuan. The substantial growth in exports made an important contribution to overcoming the situation of insufficient domestic demand and maintaining stable economic growth. This impressive achievement was 来之不易 (lái zhī bù yì - "it did not come easily," hard-won) under the circumstances of intensified external blockade and suppression. In the export structure, mechanical and electrical products grew by 20.1%, accounting for 63.5% of China's total export value; exports of high-tech products and independent brands grew by 39.0% and 25.4% respectively; electric vehicles, lithium batteries, and wind turbine generator sets grew by 68.7%, 37.6%, and 35.6% respectively. This fully reflects the effectiveness of high-quality industrial development and the improvement of international competitiveness. In the first half of the year, the import growth rate was 8.7 percentage points higher than the export growth rate, making imports and exports more balanced. Among them, imports of electronic components grew by 45.6%, reflecting the strong demand from the development of high-end manufacturing in China.
Third, weak consumption and investment highlight insufficient domestic demand. In the first half of the year, total retail sales of consumer goods grew by 1.3% year-on-year; national fixed asset investment (excluding rural households) fell by 5.7% year-on-year. Consumption and investment are the two engines driving economic growth. The low growth rate of consumption and the negative growth of investment are concentrated manifestations of insufficient demand. Taking practical and effective measures to implement the Central Committee's strategic deployment of expanding domestic demand and changing the weak state of consumption and investment is a major and urgent task facing current economic work.
Fourth, strong supply and weak demand have become a prominent issue in the aggregate supply-demand relationship. The 2025 Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that "the contradiction of strong supply and weak demand domestically is prominent." This judgment 切中要害 (qiè zhòng yào hài - "strike the vital point," to hit the mark) and is a new summary and new understanding of the aggregate supply-demand situation, a correct conclusion drawn from reality. Over more than 40 years of reform and opening up, we have built a huge and comprehensive industrial system. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, through implementing supply-side structural reform, optimizing the investment structure, the level of industrial chain modernization has been continuously improved. In the past, the problems and challenges faced in China's macroeconomic operation could mostly be attributed to economic fluctuations caused by the imbalance of aggregate social supply and demand. Against the background of increased downward pressure on the economy, it is also concentratedly manifested as insufficient effective demand. It is necessary to adapt to the trend of residents' consumption shifting from being dominated by goods consumption to paying equal attention to goods and service consumption, and by leading new supply with new demand and creating new demand with new supply, further improve the adaptability and balance between supply and demand.
Strengthen Macro-Control Focusing on Increasing the Household Consumption Rate
The reasons for insufficient demand are, first, the high investment rate over many years and the low final consumption rate. Dividing the period since reform and opening up into two stages for comparison: from 1978 to 2000, the average final consumption rate was 62.8%; from 2001 to 2025, the average final consumption rate was 54.7%, a decrease of 8.1 percentage points. Second, for a long time, the proportion of per capita disposable income of residents in total national income has declined, and residents' consumption payment capacity is insufficient. This is the fundamental reason for the decline in the growth rate of residents' consumption.
Consumption is the purpose of production, and household consumption is the original driving force for investment and economic growth. The focus of reversing the situation of strong supply and weak demand should be placed on increasing the household consumption rate, with the emphasis on optimizing the environment, innovating scenarios, and reducing restrictions. It is necessary to adhere to the close integration of benefiting people's livelihoods and promoting consumption, investing in things and investing in people, leading new supply with new demand, and creating new demand with new supply. While continuing to improve the level of material consumption of residents, attention must be paid to meeting people's spiritual and cultural consumption needs, and increasing the proportion of service consumption in residents' consumption expenditure. While cultivating digital consumption, attention must be paid to improving the level of traditional consumption. China is in a stage of upgrading from subsistence consumption to developmental and enjoyment consumption, and spending on housing, automobiles, education, medical care, tourism, and other consumption is in a period of rapid growth. The potential for improved housing consumption demand is still large, especially the huge housing demand of migrant workers settling in cities. Non-registered permanent resident populations in cities should be included in the coverage of affordable housing, providing them with affordable housing, shared-ownership housing, and low-rent housing. The urban real estate industry will usher in new development space. Unreasonable or "one-size-fits-all" restrictive measures in the consumption field should be abolished. If automobile consumption policies can change purchase management in some cities to usage management and optimize automobile purchase restrictions, it will release huge purchasing power for automobiles and demand for municipal construction.
Adjust the structure of national income distribution and the structure of residents' income distribution. Increase the proportion of residents' income, especially the income of low- and middle-income groups, gradually form an olive-shaped income distribution structure, so that the majority of residents have money to consume. It is necessary to improve the social security system so that residents dare to consume. Relax market access policies, and let go of the development of individual, private, joint-stock cooperative and other private economies. The key to increasing residents' income lies in expanding employment. The main way to expand employment is to develop the service industry. In 2025, the added value of China's tertiary industry accounted for 57.7% of GDP, but its employment share was only 49.4%. The lagging development of the tertiary industry restricts the expansion of the scale of employment and the increase of residents' income, among which the lagging development of producer services, public services, and inbound tourism is prominent. Producer services mainly include scientific and technological research and development, technology trade, technical services, technical training, patent royalties, etc. It is necessary to vigorously develop public service industries such as education, medical care, health and wellness, social security, cold chain logistics, and e-commerce entering villages. It is necessary to use China's rich tourism resources, expand the scope of visa-free coverage, and attract more foreign tourists. Policies such as tax reductions and exemptions and financial support should be adopted for the development of the service industry. Idle training centers, guest houses, and sanatoriums of government and enterprises and institutions should be promptly restructured, pushed to the market, and serve society.
Adhere to Domestic Demand-Led Development and Build a Strong Domestic Market
The key to building a new development pattern lies in achieving unimpeded economic circulation. Whether this can be achieved mainly depends on whether both the supply and demand ends have strong momentum, overall matching, dynamic balance, and positive interaction. Entering the new era, the driving force of traditional factors in China's economic development has weakened, and the contradiction between supply and demand has transformed from a "total gap" to a "structural mismatch." How to build a strong domestic market and enhance the pulling power of domestic demand on economic growth is an important task of current macroeconomic governance.
Establishing an urban-rural integrated development system can effectively expand domestic demand. Industrialization creates supply, and urbanization creates demand. Since reform and opening up, China's miracle of rapid economic development has been the result of rapid industrialization and urbanization. At present, economic potential also exists in industrialization and urbanization. Generally speaking, urbanization lags behind industrialization, and agricultural modernization lags behind industrial modernization, which is an important cause of strong supply and weak demand. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate new industrialization, new urbanization, and comprehensive rural revitalization, comprehensively improve the level of integration of urban and rural planning, construction, and governance, implement a system of providing basic public services based on registration of household registration at the place of usual residence, improve the price formation mechanism for the transfer of contracted land management rights, and improve the quality acceptance system for supplementary farmland. Deepen reforms to invigorate the rural economy, solidly do a good job in confirming rights, steadily promote the empowerment of rights, orderly realize the activation of rights, increase farmers' income, especially property income, and let farmers share more of the reform dividends.
Promoting digital-intelligence and green transformation will create new drivers of economic growth. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party put forward the requirement of统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革 (tǒng chóu tuī jìn jiào yù kē jì rén cái tǐ zhì jī zhì yī tǐ gǎi gé - "comprehensively promote the integrated reform of the education, science and technology, and talent systems and mechanisms"), which is a new understanding of the laws of scientific and technological innovation and a major strategy for building a strong education, strong science and technology, and strong talent nation. It is necessary to base ourselves on independently cultivating innovative talents, and break through "bottleneck" technologies through scientific and technological innovation. Increase the intensity of investment in education, science and technology, and talent, and increase the contribution rate of technological progress to economic growth. Use digital-intelligence and green technologies to transform traditional industries. Accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone, and create new pillar industries. Promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, implement industrial innovation projects, and simultaneously promote the construction of innovation facilities, technology research and development, and industrial iteration and upgrading. Accelerate the cluster development of strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, aerospace, and low-altitude economy. It is necessary to prospectively lay out future industries, explore multiple technical routes, typical application scenarios, feasible business models, and market regulatory rules, and promote quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communications to become new economic growth points. Future industries stand at the forefront of human scientific and technological progress. We should promptly lay out, increase investment, and achieve results as soon as possible.
The growth potential of private investment urgently needs to be activated by policies. The growth of private investment has an important impact on China's economic development. Since reform and opening up, private investment started from scratch and maintained double-digit growth for a long time. In the past two years, affected by multiple factors, private investment has declined. Faced with this situation, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party proposed "stimulating the vitality of private investment and increasing the proportion of private investment." The implementation of the Private Economy Promotion Law (民营经济促进法) provides legal protection for the development of the private economy. Once the vitality of private investment is stimulated, social capital can be transformed into more effective supply, thereby pulling and creating new demand, promoting the efficiency of factor flow, and smoothing the domestic economic cycle. To stimulate the vitality of private investment, it is necessary to promote the resolution of pain points and difficulties such as financial institutions being "unwilling to lend," guarantee institutions being "unwilling to guarantee," and small and medium-sized enterprises being "unable to obtain loans." Through loan interest subsidies for small and medium-sized enterprises, loan interest subsidies for equipment renewal, special guarantee plans for private investment, and risk-sharing mechanisms for private enterprise bonds, targeted support for private investment should be provided, efforts should be made to reduce corporate financing costs and financing thresholds, and further stimulate the endogenous driving force for the development of private enterprises.
Transform the High Savings Rate into Strong Support for Consumption and Investment
China is in a stage of rapid development of new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. It has a super-large market and is characterized by a high savings rate. The domestic demand market has broad space and huge potential. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The expansion of domestic demand we emphasize is not just about expanding government public expenditure; effective institutional arrangements must be made in terms of reasonably guiding consumption, savings, investment, etc." The release of consumption potential is not self-realizing, but depends on scientific and effective institutional arrangements to guide it, and even more so on the coordinated efforts and effective regulation of macro policies such as fiscal and financial policies.
The savings rate is the proportion of national income not used for current consumption to GDP. High savings is an important support for China's economic development and also where the economic potential lies. But high savings is also a 双刃剑 (shuāng rèn jiàn - "double-edged sword," having both advantages and disadvantages). The emergence of the problem of strong supply and weak demand is both a result of high savings over many years and a driving factor for high savings. The two reinforce each other, restricting the smooth progress of the virtuous cycle of the economy and social reproduction. Distribution levers should be used to transform high savings into household consumption and effective investment. Starting from increasing residents' income and raising the household consumption rate, the high savings rate should be transformed into reasonable growth in consumption and investment. This requires the close cooperation, coordinated operation, and comprehensive implementation of the three major macro-control levers of planning, fiscal policy, and financial policy.
Combine proactive fiscal policy with moderately loose monetary policy organically, and use fiscal funds to guide social funds. Through fiscal interest subsidies, tax reductions, subsidies, and the issuance of corporate bonds, bank loans and various social funds should be guided towards the direction of combining investment in things and investment in people, and towards improving people's livelihoods and building a modern industrial system. All departments should form a joint force. The planning department should support investment project proposals, the fiscal department determines the intensity of fiscal fund support, and banks independently examine the ability of loan enterprises to repay principal and interest. For the regulatory policies introduced by various departments, a third-party assessment and post-assessment of their macro-policy orientation consistency should be conducted. In response to the current problem of strong supply and weak demand, as long as we conscientiously implement the various deployments of the Central Committee of the Party, and with the joint efforts of governments at all levels, enterprises, and the people, seize the combination point of benefiting people's livelihoods and promoting consumption, accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, and promote the positive interaction between consumption and investment, supply and demand, the main driving force of the Chinese economy will be stronger, the anchor of stability will be more solid, and the space for development will be broader.
(The author is the former deputy director of the Central Policy Research Office (中央政策研究室))
Return to TopBy: 孙海洋
“安而不忘危，存而不忘亡，治而不忘乱。”近期，各种极端天气和灾害事件多发频发，防汛防台风形势严峻，习近平总书记在中央政治局第二十五次集体学习时强调：“降低灾害风险，减轻灾害损失，重在事前预防”，“要树牢底线思维、极限思维，不断提升大灾巨灾应对处置能力”。这一重要要求为我们防范风险、化解挑战、赢得主动、维护安全提供了科学指引和根本遵循。
“In security, never forget danger; in survival, never forget extinction; in order, never forget chaos.” Recently, various extreme weather and disaster events have occurred frequently and intensively, and the situation for flood control and typhoon prevention is severe. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during the 25th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee: “Reducing disaster risk and mitigating disaster losses lies in advance prevention,” and “We must firmly establish bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking, and continuously improve our capacity to respond to and handle major and catastrophic disasters.” This important requirement provides scientific guidance and fundamental principles for us to prevent risks, resolve challenges, seize the initiative, and safeguard security.
底线思维、极限思维是马克思主义哲学方法论在治国理政特别是应对风险挑战实践中的生动运用。底线思维，是客观地设定最低目标，立足最低点，争取最大期望值的思维方式，体现了对质量互变规律的深刻把握。底线是由量变到质变的临界点，一旦突破，事物的性质就会发生根本性的变化。因此，底线思维强调坚守原则和不越红线，通过提前预判风险、制定应对措施，确保在最不利情况下仍能守住基本盘。极限思维，是立足矛盾运动规律，通过假设事物发展到极限状态来研判形势、指导实践。它强调以“极限状态”判断趋势，通过预设极端场景、推演重大风险，激发自身潜能以争取最好结果。如果说底线思维侧重未雨绸缪 (wèi yǔ chóu móu - “repair the house before it rains,” to take preventive measures in advance)、防微杜渐 (fáng wēi dù jiàn - “check at the outset and nip in the bud,” to stop errors or problems at an early stage), 旨在“明下限”，即预先设定不能突破的最低标准、最低限度，那么极限思维则侧重突破极限、绝处逢生，强调的是“谋上限”，即主动考虑最坏情形、最不利条件。两者相辅相成 (xiāng fǔ xiāng chéng - “mutually complement and complete each other,” to be complementary)、相得益彰 (xiāng dé yì zhāng - “each shining more brightly in the other’s company,” to bring out the best in each other), 本质都是用大概率思维应对小概率事件，下好先手棋、打好主动仗。
Bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking are vivid applications of Marxist philosophical methodology in the practice of governance, especially in responding to risks and challenges. Bottom-line thinking is a mode of thinking that objectively sets the minimum goal, bases itself on the lowest point, and strives for the maximum expected value; it embodies a profound grasp of the law of the transformation of quantity into quality. The bottom line is the critical point where quantitative change turns into qualitative change; once it is breached, the nature of things undergoes a fundamental transformation. Therefore, bottom-line thinking emphasizes adhering to principles and not crossing red lines, and by pre-judging risks and formulating countermeasures, it ensures that the basic foundation can still be held under the most unfavorable circumstances. Extreme thinking is based on the law of contradiction and movement; it studies and judges the situation and guides practice by assuming that things develop to an extreme state. It emphasizes judging trends by the “extreme state,” and by presetting extreme scenarios and deducing major risks, it stimulates one’s own potential to strive for the best outcome. If bottom-line thinking focuses on 未雨绸缪 (wèi yǔ chóu móu - “repair the house before it rains,” to take preventive measures in advance) and 防微杜渐 (fáng wēi dù jiàn - “check at the outset and nip in the bud,” to stop errors or problems at an early stage), aiming to “clarify the lower limit” — that is, to preset the minimum standard and minimum degree that cannot be breached — then extreme thinking focuses on breaking through limits and finding a way out of desperate situations, emphasizing “planning for the upper limit” — that is, actively considering the worst-case scenario and the most unfavorable conditions. The two are 相辅相成 (xiāng fǔ xiāng chéng - “mutually complement and complete each other,” to be complementary) and 相得益彰 (xiāng dé yì zhāng - “each shining more brightly in the other’s company,” to bring out the best in each other). In essence, both use high-probability thinking to deal with low-probability events, making the first move and fighting the active battle.
“于安思危，于治忧乱。”我们党在内忧外患中诞生，在磨难挫折中成长，在战胜风险挑战中壮大，一路披荆斩棘 (pī jīng zhǎn jí - “cut through brambles and thorns,” to blaze a trail through difficulties), 始终秉持强烈的忧患意识。在党的七大上，毛泽东提出全党要“在最坏的可能性上建立我们的政策”。改革开放后，邓小平指出：“我们要把工作的基点放在出现较大的风险上，准备好对策。”时任浙江省委书记习近平同志面对频发的台风洪涝灾害，经过深入调研和实战实践，鲜明提出“四个宁可”重要理念，树牢底线思维、极限思维，推动实现从“被动抗灾”到“主动防灾避灾”的重大转变。进入新时代，习近平总书记以“时时放心不下”的责任感统筹发展和安全，多次强调要坚持底线思维、极限思维。今年主汛期我国仍面临极端天气气候事件偏多的严峻形势，近期国内发生多起重大生产安全事故，因此，牢固树立底线思维、极限思维是在严守安全红线、做实极端备战基础之上化险为夷 (huà xiǎn wéi yí - “turn danger into safety,” to avert a crisis)、转危为机 (zhuǎn wēi wéi jī - “turn crisis into opportunity,” to transform danger into a chance) 的战略智慧。
“In peace, think of danger; in order, worry about chaos.” Our Party was born amid domestic and foreign troubles, grew up amid hardships and setbacks, and expanded amid overcoming risks and challenges, 披荆斩棘 (pī jīng zhǎn jí - “cut through brambles and thorns,” to blaze a trail through difficulties) all the way, always upholding a strong sense of urgency. At the Seventh National Congress of the CPC, Mao Zedong proposed that the whole Party should “establish our policies on the basis of the worst possibility.” After reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping pointed out: “We must base our work on the occurrence of relatively large risks and prepare countermeasures.” Comrade Xi Jinping, then Secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, faced with frequent typhoon and flood disasters, after in-depth investigation and practical experience, clearly put forward the important concept of the “four ‘rathers’” (四个宁可), firmly established bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking, and promoted a major shift from “passive disaster resistance” to “active disaster prevention and avoidance.” Entering the new era, General Secretary Xi Jinping, with a sense of responsibility of “always being unable to rest assured,” has coordinated development and security, and has repeatedly emphasized the need to adhere to bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking. This year’s main flood season still faces a severe situation with an above-average number of extreme weather and climate events, and recently multiple major production safety accidents have occurred domestically. Therefore, firmly establishing bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking is a strategic wisdom that, on the basis of strictly guarding the safety red line and solidifying the foundation for extreme preparedness, 化险为夷 (huà xiǎn wéi yí - “turn danger into safety,” to avert a crisis) and 转危为机 (zhuǎn wēi wéi jī - “turn crisis into opportunity,” to transform danger into a chance).
当前正处于“七下八上”的关键期，未来一段时间有些地方可能更热、更涝、更旱，防灾减灾救灾形势不容乐观。这就更需要我们以底线思维守住“不能退”的红线，以极限思维推演“最不利”的情景，立足防大汛、抗大旱、防强台风，以工作的确定性应对各种不确定性，在“风雨大考”面前筑起坚不可摧的安全堤坝。
We are currently in the critical period of “seven-down, eight-up” (七下八上, the flood season from late July to early August). In the coming period, some places may become hotter, more waterlogged, and drier; the situation for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief is not optimistic. This makes it all the more necessary for us to use bottom-line thinking to hold the red line of “cannot retreat,” use extreme thinking to deduce the “most unfavorable” scenario, base ourselves on preventing major floods, combating major droughts, and preventing strong typhoons, use the certainty of our work to respond to various uncertainties, and build an indestructible safety embankment in the face of the “great test of wind and rain.”
“明者防祸于未萌，智者图患于将来。”降低灾害风险，减轻灾害损失，重在事前预防。领导干部要有草摇叶响知鹿过、松风一起知虎来、一叶易色而知天下秋的见微知著 (jiàn wēi zhī zhù - “see the first signs and know the outcome,” to discern the whole from a small clue) 能力，对各种潜在的风险要有科学预判，对症下药 (duì zhèng xià yào - “suit the remedy to the disease,” to take targeted measures)、综合施策。要强化应对灾害风险的科技支撑和法治保障，健全应急管理机制，提高防范标准，细化隐患排查，强化监测预警，完善应急预案，力争风险早发现、人员早转移、险情早处置，以“四个宁可”理念真正把问题解决在萌芽之时、成灾之前。
“The wise prevent disaster before it sprouts; the prudent plan for trouble before it comes.” Reducing disaster risk and mitigating disaster losses lies in advance prevention. Leading cadres must have the ability to 见微知著 (jiàn wēi zhī zhù - “see the first signs and know the outcome,” to discern the whole from a small clue) — to know that a deer has passed when the grass shakes and leaves rustle, to know that a tiger is coming when the pine wind rises, and to know that autumn has arrived when a single leaf changes color — and must make scientific pre-judgments of various potential risks, 对症下药 (duì zhèng xià yào - “suit the remedy to the disease,” to take targeted measures) and apply comprehensive measures. We must strengthen the scientific and technological support and legal guarantees for responding to disaster risks, improve the emergency management mechanism, raise prevention standards, refine hazard investigation, strengthen monitoring and early warning, improve emergency plans, and strive for early detection of risks, early transfer of personnel, and early handling of dangerous situations, using the concept of the “four ‘rathers’” to truly resolve problems while they are still in the bud and before they become disasters.
“居安思危，思则有备，有备无患。”我们要立足极端情况，做好应对最坏情况的准备，把困难估计得更充分一些，把风险考虑得更深入一些，把应对措施准备得更周全一些，把应急应战的“工具箱”备得更充足一些。这就要求我们既要考虑“力所能及”，又要考虑“力不能及”；既要努力做到“都想到”，也要对“想不到”有所准备，以系统观念做好物资储备、人员配备、技术装备等各项工作，力争不出重大风险或在出现重大风险时扛得住、过得去。
“居安思危 (jū ān sī wēi - “live in peace, think of danger,” to be vigilant in times of peace), thinking leads to preparation, and preparation ensures 有备无患 (yǒu bèi wú huàn - “preparation prevents calamity,” to be prepared and thus avoid trouble).” We must base ourselves on extreme situations, be well prepared for the worst-case scenario, estimate difficulties more fully, consider risks more deeply, prepare countermeasures more thoroughly, and stock the “toolbox” for emergency response and combat more abundantly. This requires us to consider both “what we are capable of” and “what we are not capable of”; to strive to “think of everything” while also being prepared for “what we have not thought of”; and to use a systematic approach to do a good job in all tasks such as material reserves, personnel allocation, and technical equipment, striving to avoid major risks or, when major risks arise, to be able to withstand them and get through them.
“心系群众鱼得水，背离群众树断根。”底线思维、极限思维锚定人民至上、生命至上的价值坐标。风险治理千头万绪 (qiān tóu wàn xù - “a thousand heads and ten thousand threads,” extremely complicated and tangled), 归根结底 (guī gēn jié dǐ - “when all is said and done,” in the final analysis) 是为民治理。守护人民群众生命财产安全是最大的民生。领导干部要树立和践行正确政绩观，勇于担责、善于履责、全力尽责，坚持预防为主、防抗救相结合，坚决纠正重发展轻安全、重救灾轻预防等倾向。加强风险科普宣传和应急管理能力培训，抓好群测群防群治，增强全民防灾避险意识和能力。基层是抵御灾害的第一线，要着重提高基层干部减灾预防、抗灾设防、救灾保障能力，不断筑牢基层防灾减灾救灾的坚实堡垒。
“When the heart is with the masses, it is like fish in water; when it turns away from the masses, it is like a tree losing its roots.” Bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking anchor the value coordinates of putting the people first and life first. Risk governance is 千头万绪 (qiān tóu wàn xù - “a thousand heads and ten thousand threads,” extremely complicated and tangled), but 归根结底 (guī gēn jié dǐ - “when all is said and done,” in the final analysis) it is governance for the people. Protecting the safety of the people’s lives and property is the greatest public welfare. Leading cadres must establish and practice a correct view of performance, be brave in taking responsibility, good at fulfilling duties, and fully dedicated to their responsibilities, adhere to the principle of prevention first and the combination of prevention, resistance, and relief, and resolutely correct tendencies such as emphasizing development over safety and emphasizing disaster relief over prevention. We must strengthen risk science popularization and emergency management capacity training, do a good job in mass monitoring, mass prevention, and mass governance, and enhance the whole population’s awareness and ability to prevent and avoid disasters. The grassroots are the first line of defense against disasters; we must focus on improving grassroots cadres’ capabilities in disaster reduction and prevention, disaster resistance and fortification, and disaster relief and support, and continuously consolidate the solid fortress of grassroots disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief.
Return to TopFirmly confident and continuing the struggle, we must actively respond to the risks and challenges on the road ahead. China’s development is currently in a period where strategic opportunities coexist with risks and challenges, and where uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing; we must always be prepared to undergo major tests of 风高浪急 (fēng gāo làng jí - "wind high, waves urgent," high winds and choppy waters) or even 惊涛骇浪 (jīng tāo hài làng - "frightening waves, terrifying billows," stormy seas and perilous waves). On the new journey, the entire Party must strengthen its sense of urgency, adhere to bottom-line thinking, carry forward the spirit of struggle, enhance the ability to struggle, better coordinate the two overall situations of domestic and international affairs, balance development and security, and improve the capacity to scientifically foresee changes, promptly detect risks, and effectively respond to challenges, ensuring that the great ship of China’s rejuvenation 劈波斩浪 (pī bō zhǎn làng - "cleave the waves, slash the billows," to forge ahead through wind and waves) and 行稳致远 (xíng wěn zhì yuǎn - "travel steadily, reach far," to move steadily and go far).
Return to TopBy: 都阳
The "Implementation of the Employment Priority Strategy 15th Five-Year Plan" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") has drawn a blueprint for deeply implementing the employment priority strategy and promoting high-quality full employment during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. The 15th Five-Year Plan period is a critical period for laying a solid foundation and making comprehensive efforts to basically achieve socialist modernization. It is necessary to continue to take high-quality full employment as the priority goal of economic and social development, and to promote the expansion and quality improvement of employment through high-quality development.
Promoting high-quality full employment through the construction of a modern industrial system
Building a modern industrial system is an important task for the 15th Five-Year Plan period and even longer-term economic and social development. It is necessary to optimize and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries and future industries, and promote the high-quality and efficient development of the service industry. The "Plan" makes clear arrangements for the coordination of industry and employment, proposing to stabilize the employment scale of labor-intensive industries, tap the employment absorption potential of emerging fields, and expand the employment capacity of the service industry.
In any period, economic development is the basic prerequisite for achieving high-quality full employment, and the construction of a modern industrial system is the main support for promoting high-quality full employment in the process of Chinese-style modernization. The modern industrial system is an organic whole. Whether it is traditional industries, emerging industries, or future industries, they are closely connected with each other, assume different roles in economic and social development, and each plays an important role. For promoting high-quality full employment, special attention must be paid to handling the foundational status of manufacturing and the high-quality development of the service industry.
Maintaining the advantageous position of China's manufacturing industry in the national economy and international competition is of great significance to the healthy and sustainable development of China's economy. No matter what stage of development, the foundational status of the manufacturing industry in the national economy cannot be shaken. The high-quality development of the manufacturing industry is also crucial for improving labor productivity and creating high-quality employment positions. Of course, it should also be noted that the rapid growth of manufacturing productivity and the widespread application of labor-saving technologies in the manufacturing industry will inevitably lead to a decline in the employment capacity of the manufacturing sector. In a modern industrial system, the coordinated development of manufacturing and service industries is not only conducive to maintaining the stability of the employment situation, but also conducive to forming a mutually complementary development relationship among various industries.
The development of the service industry and the creation of employment positions must be closely integrated with the changes in China's demographic situation and the objective needs of economic and social development, so that the development of the service industry can not only meet the people's needs for a better life, but also create more and better employment positions. First, the demand for services not only increases with the improvement of economic development level and the improvement of people's living standards, but also changes with changes in population structure. For example, the increase in demand for medical care, nursing, and care caused by population aging has become a common global phenomenon. The rapid aging of China's population will also bring about corresponding growth in employment demand. To cope with the trend of declining birthrates, increasing public services for infant and toddler care can reduce the cost of family childbirth and child-rearing, can increase the willingness to have children, and will also generate new employment positions. Compared with some developed countries that completed demographic transition earlier, China's employment share in the above fields is significantly low and has huge room for development. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to implement the concept of "investing in people," continuously increase public investment in these fields, and promote economic growth and increase employment positions by socializing family behaviors such as elderly care services and infant and toddler care.
Second, with the improvement of the level of economic development, new quality productive forces (新质生产力) continue to emerge, and the role of human capital in economic growth and social progress becomes increasingly prominent. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period and beyond, the human capital accumulation system itself will continue to be an important sector of the modern service industry. Compared with some developed countries, China's education, training, and other sectors still have room for expansion. By deepening the reform of the education system, stimulating the enthusiasm of all sectors of society to run education, improving the quality of education, and strengthening the connection between education and the labor market, the high-quality development of China's human capital accumulation system can not only inject impetus into the sustainable development of the economy and society, but also become an important industrial sector of the modern service industry and an important source of employment positions.
Finally, conforming to the objective needs of economic development, vigorously develop the modern service industry to create more employment positions for young groups with high human capital. For example, as the role of technological innovation and new quality productive forces in economic development continues to increase, scientific research and technical services occupy an important position in the service industry of developed countries, and are also an important direction for the future development of China's modern service industry. The talent advantages accumulated by the leapfrog development of China's higher education can also be more fully utilized in the development of these industries.
Promoting employment for key groups
From the overall trend of demographic changes, during the 15th Five-Year Plan period and beyond, the size of China's working-age population will continue to decrease. According to population projection data, if the working-age population is defined as the age group 20 to 59 with the highest labor force participation rate, the size of this group will decrease by 39.67 million people during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. However, the situation of workers in different age groups varies greatly, and other group characteristics such as human capital also make employment creation and "employment stabilization" work require precise policy implementation.
Youth employment is a common problem shared by countries around the world. From the trend of China's population structure change, the population of the 16 to 24 age group will continue to grow during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, reaching its peak around 2033. Therefore, vigorously promoting youth employment is a key task of employment work for a considerable period to come. Promoting youth employment requires not only starting from the supply side, deepening the reform of the higher education system, and strengthening the adaptability of skills to economic structural changes, but also relates to long-term institutional arrangements in the labor market. Promoting labor mobility and enhancing the allocation function of the labor market will help increase employment opportunities for young people.
In conjunction with the construction of a modern industrial system, provide suitable jobs for young groups from the perspective of industrial development. China is in a critical period of accelerated economic structural transformation. Most industries with strong capacity to absorb youth employment are emerging sunrise industries and should be given priority development. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to implement the principle of employment priority and effectively create a better environment for the development of these industries. Most industries with strong capacity to absorb youth employment are industries compatible with promoting new quality productive forces. Supporting the development of these industries can both improve the quality of economic development and better solve the youth employment problem, achieving the effect of 一石二鸟 (yī shí èr niǎo - "one stone, two birds," to achieve two goals with one action). By implementing youth employment support plans for college graduates and others, it is expected that youth employment will achieve quality improvement and expansion during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.
In addition, the "Plan" makes targeted arrangements for stabilizing and expanding employment of migrant workers, strengthening employment support and guarantees for veterans, and strengthening employment assistance for groups with employment difficulties. These measures are not only conducive to improving the inclusiveness of employment services, but can also improve the utilization level of China's human resources under the overall trend of a declining working-age population.
Actively responding to the impact of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation on employment
Currently, the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation led by artificial intelligence is accelerating and breaking through, and its possible impact on employment has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society. The "Plan" conforms to the development trend of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation and proposes actions to adapt to the development of artificial intelligence to promote employment. Artificial intelligence is a new generation of technological revolution with general attributes, has application potential in many industries and fields, and is the core leading the fourth industrial revolution. Although there is still considerable uncertainty about the development direction of artificial intelligence technology and the extent of its impact on employment, from the relationship between technological progress and employment since the Industrial Revolution and China's practice over the past few decades, the following aspects need to be grasped.
The 15th Five-Year Plan period will be a period of accelerated development of a new round of technological revolution such as artificial intelligence. It is necessary to summarize historical experience and view the relationship between technological progress and employment from a dynamic and developmental perspective. Similar to previous industrial revolutions, although artificial intelligence technology has made new breakthroughs in cognitive work tasks, its labor-saving technological attribute is not appearing for the first time. To a certain extent, artificial intelligence will produce substitution of employment positions, but as long as the response is appropriate, labor-saving technological progress does not necessarily lead to an overall decline in employment. On the contrary, it can promote employment growth through multiple channels such as complementary effects and expanding effective demand. In China's past economic development process, this law has been repeatedly verified.
During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to continuously create conditions for the employment effects of new technologies. Although labor-saving technologies cause job losses in enterprises and industries that directly apply these technologies, they can produce job creation effects in other enterprises and industries through upstream and downstream relationships. They can also expand the overall employment capacity by promoting overall economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously deepen economic system reform, improve the price formation and transmission mechanism, so that the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources in upstream and downstream industries. Continuously create application scenarios for artificial intelligence, and create new employment positions by improving productivity.
In addition, artificial intelligence may impact jobs with strong cognitive attributes, producing employment substitution effects. It is necessary to improve relevant policies and promptly protect workers who suffer losses in creative destruction. By improving the income distribution system, narrow the income gap caused by technological progress.
Strengthening the employment priority orientation of macroeconomic regulation
During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to take high-quality full employment as the priority goal of economic and social development, make the process of high-quality development a process of employment quality improvement and expansion, increase the employment driving force of development, and enable China's employment regulation system to better serve the needs of high-quality full employment. This "Plan" highlights the employment priority orientation of macroeconomic regulation, and clarifies plans in aspects such as enhancing the employment coordination of macro policies and improving the employment impact assessment mechanism.
During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, optimize the division of government functions in employment work, and strengthen the employment promotion functions of comprehensive economic management departments. Implementing the employment priority goal means making economic development produce tangible employment driving effects. In particular, comprehensive economic management departments should focus on the full growth of employment positions just as they focus on economic growth performance, price levels, and capital markets, to avoid the situation where economic growth targets are achieved but the labor market situation does not actually improve. Grasp the intensity and rhythm of macro policies, strengthen counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustments according to changes in economic and employment conditions, and support stabilizing and expanding employment. Strengthen the coordination and linkage of fiscal, monetary, industrial, consumption, investment, trade, regional and other policies with employment policies, exerting force in the same direction, so that macro policies achieve the best results. Use more proactive and effective macroeconomic regulation policies to promote a virtuous cycle of the economy. After China's economic development entered the new normal, the balance of the labor market increasingly relies on smooth economic circulation, that is, the cycle of economic growth, full employment, income growth, and consumption expansion. The above variables constitute various components of the economic system operation. Once a certain link operates poorly, the government needs to provide policy support to restore the economic cycle to a normal track.
In recent years, the uncertainty of the external environment for China's development has been increasing. Employment and unemployment statistics and monitoring are the basic work of employment monitoring. A complete employment and unemployment statistical system is also one of the important symbols of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, on the basis of the existing employment statistical system, it is necessary to upgrade and improve the employment and unemployment monitoring network that is vertically connected and horizontally linked, strengthen departmental data sharing and regional work linkage, and dynamically monitor various employment indicators. At the same time, according to changes in the situation, continuously improve the scientific judgment and analysis capabilities of the employment situation. Gather multiple forces to carry out routine employment situation analysis. According to the characteristics of the demographic situation, changes in the external environment, and characteristics of technological progress during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, establish an employment monitoring and risk early warning system for key regions, key industries and enterprises, key groups, and key periods, and enhance the ability to monitor and warn of employment risks.
(The author is the Director of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所))
Return to TopBy: 洪群联
The growth trend of new drivers of economic development is an important window for observing the effectiveness of China's economic transformation. In the first half of this year, China's economy delivered a mid-term report that was generally stable, 向新向优 (xiàng xīn xiàng yōu - "toward the new and toward the excellent," meaning oriented toward innovation and quality improvement), among which the structural highlight with symbolic significance and high gold content is that the contribution rate of new drivers represented by high-end manufacturing, digital intelligence economy, and modern services to economic growth exceeded 40%. This is an intuitive confirmation of the successive conversion of old and new drivers and the accelerated implementation of new quality productive forces, fully demonstrating that the characteristics of China's economy being oriented toward the new and excellent are prominent, and that new drivers are continuously growing and strengthening, increasingly shouldering the mainstay of China's economy.
To understand the contribution rate exceeding 40%, one must first grasp the industrial scale and development trend behind the data, and clarify the core composition and growth logic of new drivers. The new drivers currently driving economic growth are a composite power system covering the rise of emerging industries, the upgrading of traditional industries, and the iteration of new business forms and new models. It includes not only the growth of industries representing new technologies and new fields such as high-tech industries, modern service industries, and digital industries, but also the quality improvement and upgrading of traditional industries through digital-intelligence transformation to achieve green transformation and development.
It is noteworthy that new drivers exhibit the characteristic of "leveraging large growth with a small scale." According to preliminary calculations, in the first half of this year, new drivers in the industrial sector, accounting for just over 20% of value added, contributed nearly 50% of the growth in value added of industrial enterprises above designated size, becoming an important engine of industrial economic growth. At the same time, the growth resilience of new drivers has continued to strengthen. In the second quarter, the growth rates of high-tech manufacturing, equipment manufacturing, and digital product manufacturing further accelerated compared with the first quarter, and the pace of industrial upgrading continued to pick up. The contribution rate of new drivers is not a short-term pulse rebound, but a sustainable, progressive growth achievement, reflecting a deep-seated transformation in China's economic growth logic and development model.
First, the growth driver has shifted from factor-driven to innovation-driven, and efficiency transformation has become the core source of increment. For a long time, China's economic growth mainly relied on the input of traditional factors such as labor, land, and capital, with marginal benefits gradually diminishing. The reason why new drivers are "new" is largely that they have broken through the growth paradigm of traditional industries that mainly rely on factor input for output, and have turned more to relying on technological progress and total factor productivity improvement. In the first half of this year, investment in intellectual property products increased by 9.4% year-on-year, accounting for 13.8% of fixed asset investment. R&D innovation and technological iteration are gradually replacing extensive factor input as the core driving force of economic growth. Innovation entities such as specialized and new enterprises and global lighthouse factories continue to exert efforts. In the first half of the year, the value added of specialized and new "little giant" industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 10.4% year-on-year, and half of the newly added global lighthouse factories settled in China. The pace of digital and intelligent transformation of manufacturing has accelerated, and the quality and efficiency of economic growth are continuously improving.
Second, the industrial structure has shifted from traditional dominance to synergy between old and new, and structural optimization has consolidated the growth foundation. In the past period, China's economic growth was highly dependent on traditional industries such as heavy chemicals and mid-to-low-end manufacturing, with a heavy industrial structure and low added value. After years of transformation and development efforts, new drivers and traditional industries have now formed a pattern of benign complementarity and two-way empowerment. On the one hand, emerging industries such as high-end manufacturing, digital intelligence economy, and modern services are rapidly expanding, opening up new growth tracks and filling the gap left by the slowdown of traditional industries. On the other hand, digital technology and green technology are comprehensively transforming traditional industries. For example, in traditional industries such as petrochemicals and chemical fibers, green sub-tracks such as biomass fuel processing and bio-based material manufacturing have emerged. In the first half of this year, the value added of these industries grew by 33.0% and 21.9% respectively, giving traditional industries a new lease on life. China's economy is gradually building a two-tier power system of "emerging industries leading the way, traditional industries improving quality," providing better support and guarantee for the stable operation of the economy.
Third, the supply-demand cycle has shifted from low-end matching to high-end adaptation, and new demand pulls the implementation of new supply. The rapid rise of new drivers is rooted in the two-way resonance of consumption upgrading and industrial upgrading. On the consumption side, household consumption has shifted from mainly material consumption to diversified upgrading of quality consumption, service consumption, and smart consumption. In the first half of this year, retail sales of services increased by 5.3% year-on-year, far exceeding the growth rate of retail sales of goods. Retail sales of wearable smart devices doubled, and the retail penetration rate of new energy vehicles exceeded 60% for three consecutive months. Green and smart consumption has become a new trend. On the investment side, the focus of market investment has shifted from traditional infrastructure and capacity expansion to technological innovation, digital infrastructure, and green transformation. Investment in intellectual property products and digital industries continues to grow rapidly, precisely matching the needs of industrial upgrading. The continuous expansion of new demand drives the iterative upgrading of new supply, and the quality improvement and upgrading of new supply creates more new demand, forming an economic closed loop of mutual promotion and virtuous cycle between supply and demand.
From a deeper perspective, the continuous growth and strengthening of new drivers is the result of years of strategic layout, unique advantages, and ecological cultivation. First, top-level design has been continuously strengthened, with in-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, continuous increase in R&D investment, systematic layout of emerging tracks such as digital economy, high-end manufacturing, and green low-carbon, and improvement of a series of policies for technological innovation and enterprise cultivation, providing stable institutional guarantees for the growth of new drivers. Second, the advantages of the industrial system are prominent. China has the world's most complete industrial system and a super-large market. The complete industrial chain and supply chain can quickly undertake technology transformation and implement innovation achievements, achieving rapid iteration of new technologies from the laboratory to industrialization and scale, helping new industries and new business forms to rise rapidly. Third, digital technology is fully penetrating. Digital infrastructure such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing is sound and complete, laying a solid foundation for industrial digitalization and digital industrialization, breaking down digital barriers in production, circulation, and consumption, and continuously releasing the enabling effect of the digital economy. Fourth, the vitality of business entities is bursting forth. Various types of entities such as state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises, and science and technology innovation enterprises actively participate in innovation-driven development and explore differentiated paths, becoming the micro-entities for cultivating new drivers and continuously injecting vitality into economic growth.
At present, China's economic development is at a critical stage where the conversion of old and new drivers is breaking through and gaining momentum. The scale of new drivers still needs to be expanded, bottlenecks remain in some core technologies and high-end links, and there is still room for optimization in the regulation of new business forms and industrial coordination. It is necessary to coordinate the relationship between cultivating new drivers and renewing old drivers, continue to deeply cultivate innovation-driven development, strengthen the tackling of key core technologies, and consolidate the technological foundation of new drivers. Deepen digital-intelligence empowerment, continue to promote the digital and green transformation of traditional industries, and broaden the coverage of new drivers. Cultivate high-quality business entities, expand the echelon of specialized and new enterprises and science and technology innovation enterprises, and activate micro-level innovation vitality. Smooth the supply-demand cycle, continuously release the potential of smart, green, and service consumption, use demand to drive industrial upgrading, and promote the stable and long-term development of China's economy on the path of high-quality development.
(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Industrial Economics and Technological Economics of the National Development and Reform Commission.)
Return to TopBy: 曾赞荣
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to the construction of a Healthy China (健康中国). General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out that “the people’s health is a significant marker of national prosperity and strength,” and that “the most important indicator of modernization is still the people’s health, which is the foundation of the people’s happy life,” emphasizing that “the people’s health must be placed in the strategic priority position of development.” This has pointed the direction and provided the fundamental guidance for our implementation of the Healthy China strategy. Qingdao City deeply studies and implements General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on the construction of a Healthy China and his important instructions and requirements for work in Shandong and Qingdao, bases itself on its own natural resources, industrial foundation, scientific and technological innovation and other endowments and advantages, takes “Mountain-Sea Health and Wellness Famous City, Vibrant Healthy Bay Area” as its goal, builds a “China Health Bay (中国康湾)” with international influence, and strives to make greater contributions to the construction of a Healthy China.
Persist in placing the implementation of the Healthy China strategy in the priority position of urban development
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Building a Healthy China by 2035 is a strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee. The 15th Five-Year Plan period is a critical period for achieving this goal. We must make overall plans, step up efforts, and strive for decisive progress.” With economic and social development and changes in the population situation, the contradiction between the health needs of our country’s residents and the supply of high-quality health services is becoming increasingly prominent. Qingdao, based on its location in the “golden livable belt” at 36-37 degrees north latitude and the unique resource endowments around Jiaozhou Bay, accelerating the construction of a Healthy China and building a vibrant and healthy bay area city has great practical significance.
Building a vibrant and healthy bay area city is an inevitable requirement for adapting to the development trend of population aging and promoting the development of the cause of aging. At present, the degree of population aging in our country continues to deepen. The elderly population aged 60 and above has reached 320 million, accounting for 23.0% of the total population. There are more than 35 million disabled and semi-disabled elderly, and about 15 million elderly with cognitive disorders. In Qingdao, the registered population aged 60 and above is 2.335 million, with an aging rate of 27%, 4 percentage points higher than the national average, and it has entered a moderately aging society. With the increase in the elderly population, demand in areas such as chronic disease management, sports rehabilitation, healing and wellness, and travel-based elderly care continues to grow. The expectations of the elderly for life are expanding from “being able to see a doctor and be cured” to full-cycle, composite services such as providing for the elderly and making them happy. Implementing the Healthy China strategy and building a vibrant and healthy bay area city means promoting the organic connection and effective integration of medical care, rehabilitation, elderly care, nursing, culture and sports resources, further stimulating the development vitality of the cause of aging and the elderly care industry, and better meeting the multi-level and diversified elderly care service needs of the elderly.
Building a vibrant and healthy bay area city is a practical need to keep up with the trend of technological change in the health industry and shape new advantages for high-quality development. At present, the global health industry is at the intersection of technological transition and demand expansion. Fields such as biomedicine, medical devices, rehabilitation aids, intelligent rehabilitation, and embodied intelligence are accelerating development. The health industry has become an important direction for cultivating and developing new quality productive forces and opening up new tracks for future industries. Qingdao has abundant health science and education resources, possessing universities and research institutes such as the University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (康复大学), Ocean University of China, Qingdao University, and Qingdao Health Science and Technology Vocational College (青岛健康科技职业学院); its industrial foundation is solid, with enterprises such as Haier, Hisense, and Impulse accelerating their layout in the health industry, and competitive advantages in fields such as the “blue drug library” and marine food are initially taking shape; its service scenarios are diverse, covering areas such as rehabilitation medicine, institutional elderly care, home care, and smart health and wellness, providing rich scenarios for the transformation of health science and technology achievements, the application of health and wellness products, and the cultivation of new business forms. Implementing the Healthy China strategy and building a vibrant and healthy bay area city means promoting the deep integration of the industrial chain, innovation chain, service chain, and talent chain, accelerating the formation of a modern health industry system with rehabilitation as its characteristic, and cultivating new momentum and shaping new advantages for the connotative development of the city.
Building a vibrant and healthy bay area city is a major measure to leverage Qingdao’s resource endowment advantages and better meet the people’s high-quality health needs. Qingdao has mountains by the sea, bays and cities blending together, possessing natural resources such as bays, islands, hot springs, and forests, as well as cultural resources such as traditional Chinese medicine and Laoshan Taoist health preservation. It enjoys reputations such as “coastal convalescent resort” and “China’s most beautiful bay,” and is one of the most livable cities in China selected by the United Nations. It has good conditions for developing service industries such as healthy living, travel-based convalescence, hot spring health and wellness, island health and wellness, and traditional Chinese medicine health and wellness. Qingdao’s health and elderly care service foundation is solid. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, it was selected as one of the first batch of national public hospital reform and high-quality development demonstration project cities and was rated “excellent”; it was selected as a national traditional Chinese medicine inheritance and innovation demonstration pilot; it was approved for the construction of a national regional medical center; it has built 6 compact urban medical groups and 9 compact county-level medical communities; the number of elderly care institutions in the city has reached 297, with 43,000 elderly care beds; a three-level elderly care service network at the district/city, town/street, and village/neighborhood levels has been established; there are over 1,400 elderly canteens, basically forming a 15-minute elderly care service circle; as a national long-term care insurance transformation demonstration city, long-term care services cover the entire urban and rural area. Implementing the Healthy China strategy and building a vibrant and healthy bay area city means transforming Qingdao’s natural, cultural, and medical-nursing resource advantages into health development advantages, launching more high-quality and distinctive health products and services, and enabling the people to enjoy a higher quality, more accessible, and warmer health life.
Leverage characteristic advantages to accelerate the building of a vibrant and healthy bay area city
Cities are key carriers for implementing the Healthy China strategy and improving the health level of the entire population. The “Healthy China 2030” Planning Outline points out that building healthy cities is an important lever for advancing the construction of a Healthy China. Relying on its own environmental characteristics of the area around Jiaozhou Bay and the resource endowments of mountains, sea, bay, and city, Qingdao takes accelerating the construction of “China Health Bay” as the urban expression and characteristic practice of the Healthy China strategy. Among them, “Health” means “health,” and “Bay” means “bay area city.” The core is to integrate the development concept of “full-age health, full-region health and wellness” into all processes and aspects of urban development, and strive to build a vibrant and healthy bay area city.
Build a health science and technology innovation base. Scientific and technological innovation is an important driving force for the development of health undertakings and the health industry, and also an important guide for the construction of “China Health Bay.” In practice, Qingdao insists on gathering resources with innovation platforms, breaking through technologies with collaborative research, and promoting transformation with scenario applications, promoting the synergy and integration of science and technology, education, and clinical application, and accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological advantages in the health field into industrial advantages and the well-being of the people. Strengthen innovation platforms. Leverage the role of universities and research institutes such as the University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao University, focus on the frontiers of health science and technology, lay out innovation platforms such as key laboratories, technology innovation centers, and engineering research centers, and encourage leading enterprises in the industry to form innovation consortia in conjunction with universities, research institutes, and upstream and downstream enterprises. Deepen industry-university-research collaboration. Support health field enterprises to strengthen docking and cooperation with universities and research institutes, focus on frontier fields such as brain-computer interfaces, rehabilitation aids, and rehabilitation robots, carry out collaborative research on key technologies, and strive to form more innovative achievements in the health field. Promote scenario application. Build a training and verification center for embodied robots and intelligent rehabilitation products in the health and wellness field, encourage rehabilitation hospitals and health and wellness institutions to establish “scenario supply-demand consortia” with rehabilitation aid enterprises, enrich the supply of application scenarios such as trial use of rehabilitation aids and robot-assisted training, attract head enterprises to bring products for testing, and promote the deep integration and effective connection of product development, scenario practice, and achievement transformation.
Build a highland for health industry development. The health industry is connected to people’s livelihood and well-being on one side and economic development on the other. It is an important support for the construction of “China Health Bay.” In practice, Qingdao insists on driving the extension of the industrial chain with breakthroughs in key areas, promoting the agglomeration of elements with the construction of specialized parks, and enhancing development vitality with the cultivation of business entities, promoting the clustered development of biomedicine, medical devices, rehabilitation aids, intelligent rehabilitation and other industries, and accelerating the formation of a modern health industry system with Qingdao characteristics, strong competitiveness, and radiation driving force. Cultivate and strengthen business entities. Establish a target enterprise database for investment attraction, actively attract head enterprises and innovation teams in the rehabilitation and health and wellness field, support enterprises to develop products such as rehabilitation aids and biomedicine around artificial intelligence and life health, and form a cultivation echelon of “innovative small and medium-sized enterprises – specialized and new small and medium-sized enterprises – specialized and new ‘little giant’ enterprises.” Promote the construction of specialized parks. Support Laoshan District (崂山区), Qingdao West Coast New Area (青岛西海岸新区), Qingdao High-tech Zone (青岛高新区), and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Demonstration Zone (上合示范区), relying on their own industrial foundations, to lay out and develop industries such as rehabilitation robots and intelligent rehabilitation equipment, gather a number of upstream and downstream projects of key industrial chains, and build characteristic parks in the sub-sectors of rehabilitation and health and wellness. Enrich the supply of characteristic health products. Tap into marine characteristic product resources, vigorously develop new marine functional foods mainly made from marine oligopeptides, unsaturated fatty acids, and Antarctic krill. Increase research and development efforts for health foods, and develop more special foods suitable for the chewing, swallowing, and nutritional health needs of the elderly.
Build a travel-based convalescence resort. Health and wellness travel connects ecological resources, cultural heritage, medical-nursing services, and healthy living. It is an important part of strengthening the characteristics and shaping the brand of “China Health Bay.” In practice, Qingdao insists on enriching carrying space with the construction of health travel carriers, improving service supply with the development of characteristic health and wellness products, and expanding market space with cross-regional travel cooperation, promoting the integrated development of multiple business forms, and accelerating the shaping of the “Mountain-Sea Health Bay · Vibrant Qingdao” health and wellness travel brand. Create high-quality healthy living products. In conjunction with the construction of “good houses,” encourage real estate enterprises to cooperate with professional health and wellness operation institutions and medical institutions to scientifically plan and lay out large-scale healthy communities. Promote the implantation of functions such as rehabilitation medicine, healthy dining, and elderly care maintenance into existing commercial offices, community rooms, etc., and renovate and build a number of rehabilitation medical apartments and travel-based health and wellness apartments. Explore models such as “forest + idle real estate” and “forest + idle homesteads,” and develop products such as vacation homestays and travel-based small courtyards. Strengthen travel-based health and wellness services. Rely on seawater hot spring resources, introduce well-known hot spring operation institutions, and develop hot spring health and wellness. Rely on the tourism development of islands such as Zhucha Island (竹岔岛), Lingshan Island (灵山岛), and Tianheng Island (田横岛), highlight “one island, one characteristic,” and develop island health and wellness. Rely on Laoshan Taoist health preservation cultural resources, develop products such as “food therapy” and “tea therapy” suitable for different health and wellness groups, and develop healing health and wellness. Expand new types of health consumption. Encourage physical examination institutions to carry out special disease examinations and early screening and early detection of major diseases, and promote new health examination products. Attract health consumer brands to open first stores and flagship stores, and hold first-release, first-show, and first-exhibition activities. Vigorously develop characteristic sports such as sailing and beach volleyball, and promote the development of the sports rehabilitation industry.
Build a blessed land for healthy aging. Vigorously developing elderly care services is an urgent requirement for implementing the national strategy of actively responding to population aging, and also an important point for “China Health Bay” to reflect the warmth of people’s livelihood and enhance the quality of the city. In practice, Qingdao insists on consolidating health support with the medical rehabilitation service system, improving life care with community-embedded services, and expanding happy scenarios with silver-age health consumption, promoting the organic connection of services such as medical care, rehabilitation, elderly care, nursing, learning, travel, and shopping, and accelerating the construction of a health and wellness-friendly city with accessible services, continuous care, a friendly environment, and active consumption. Improve the level of rehabilitation medical services. Leverage the radiating and driving role of high-level hospitals, deepen the construction of compact urban medical groups and county-level medical communities, promote the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources, and extend rehabilitation medical services to communities and families through internet medical care, home hospital beds, and door-to-door consultations. Improve community-embedded services. Create composite service carriers such as senior health and wellness stations and medical-rehabilitation-elderly care integration sites, promote the time-sharing of facilities and the composite use of functions. Support the upgrading and renovation of existing elderly care institution facilities, encourage newly built elderly care institutions to provide services such as self-care, assisted living and nursing care, cognitive care, and palliative care, and promote the transformation of eligible medical institutions into integrated medical and elderly care institutions. Enrich silver-age health consumption. Vigorously develop interactive consumption scenarios such as elderly-friendly tourism, elderly-friendly fitness, smart elderly care, and health management. Support scenic spots, supermarkets, commercial complexes, sports venues, etc., to carry out age-friendly renovations, and launch special elderly tourism routes, silver consumption zones, and themed consumption promotion activities.
Strengthen support and guarantees, create a good ecosystem for the development of health undertakings
Implementing the Healthy China strategy is a systematic project. It is necessary to firmly establish the thinking of “one chessboard,” promote the concentration of resource elements in the health field, focus policy tools on key work, and sink work forces to the front line of projects, forming a strong synergy of upper and lower linkage, departmental coordination, regional collaboration, and social participation.
Strengthen planning guidance. Prepare a high-level five-year plan for “China Health Bay,” further clarify development goals, spatial layout, key tasks, and implementation paths, and promote the formation of a work pattern of division of labor and coordination, differentiated development, and joint promotion among districts and cities based on their resource endowments, industrial foundations, and service needs. Coordinate and grasp the different characteristics of health and wellness undertakings and health and wellness industries, near-term projects and long-term projects, mature products and initial products, implement classified policies and differentiated operations, and achieve deep integration of health and wellness with cultural tourism, sports, real estate and other business forms. Focus on brand building and strategic guidance, integrate the high-quality resources of the Qingdao metropolitan area and the Jiaodong economic circle, hold high-level events such as the Health and Wellness Industry Expo, scenario matchmaking meetings, and elderly care service supply-demand matchmaking, build a platform for linking projects, capital, technology, and talent at a higher level, and continuously enhance the brand recognition, resource agglomeration capacity, and regional driving force of “China Health Bay.”
Improve the policy system. Optimize land, construction, supporting, and operation policies for health and wellness community projects in accordance with laws and regulations, provide full-chain support covering planning, land supply, construction, financing, and operation, and promote the accelerated implementation of high-quality health and wellness communities, health service centers, and high-end rehabilitation medical institutions. Encourage financial institutions to provide financing support for key projects, elderly care institutions, technology-assisted disability projects, and health and wellness service entities, and explore medical-rehabilitation-elderly care equipment leasing and direct equity and bond financing models. Support health field entities to broaden financing channels through real estate investment trusts (REITs), equity, bonds, etc., and guide more financial resources to health undertakings and the health and wellness industry. Give full play to the guiding and empowering role of medical insurance strategic purchasing, deepen the reform of rehabilitation hospitalization medical insurance payment methods, amplify the first-mover advantage of long-term care insurance, support the promotion and application of innovative drugs and devices, rehabilitation technologies, and intelligent health and wellness equipment, and improve convenient services such as online drug purchase and cross-regional settlement.
Strengthen support and guarantees for key projects. Take projects as the center and products as the starting point, coordinate the promotion of key project attraction and construction and industrial development. Focus on areas and sub-tracks such as health and wellness real estate and health industry, strengthen docking and negotiation with central enterprises, provincial enterprises, and leading enterprises in the industry, sign and land a number of key projects, and promote the accelerated landing, construction, and operation of large domestic and international projects. At the same time, focus on key areas such as real estate, medical care, health and wellness, culture and sports, focus on key links such as approval services, factor guarantees, and scenario opening, and innovatively launch a “one-category, one-stop service” model for “China Health Bay” projects and infrastructure construction. Rely on the major project service guarantee mechanism, integrate cross-departmental and cross-level government service resources, set up online and offline acceptance areas, and provide “accompanying, full-process, value-added” services. Improve the full life cycle service mechanism for projects, promote the coordinated efforts of land, construction, medical insurance, finance and other policies, promptly solve blocking and difficult problems, and ensure that the construction progress of projects is accelerated and results are achieved.
Strengthen the construction of professional talent teams. Implement the new era “Talent Strong Qing” plan and the “Haichuang Plan” high-level talent introduction and cultivation improvement project, and increase the introduction and cultivation of high-level innovative talents in the health field. Support the University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences to strengthen discipline construction, lay out emerging interdisciplinary disciplines, and enhance the ability to cultivate talents in professional fields such as rehabilitation medicine, rehabilitation engineering, rehabilitation therapy, and intelligent rehabilitation. Encourage universities and vocational colleges in Qingdao to set up related majors such as rehabilitation, elderly care, nursing, and health management, and promote the co-construction of industry-education integration communities by colleges, enterprises, medical institutions, elderly care institutions, and social organizations. Improve the full-chain mechanism of “introduction, cultivation, use, and retention” of elderly care service talents, cultivate a professional, vocational, and composite health service talent team, and provide talent guarantee and intellectual support for the construction of “China Health Bay.”
(The author is a member of the Standing Committee of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee and Secretary of the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee)
Return to TopBy: 杨天娲
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must promote the extraterritorial application of China’s laws and regulations related to intellectual property, and improve cross-border judicial cooperation arrangements.” Intellectual property is an important institutional guarantee for innovative development, and also an important element for participating in international competition and cooperation. As high-level opening up is deeply advanced, innovation activities, technology transactions, brand operations, and content dissemination are accelerating their cross-border flows, and the cross-border challenges faced by intellectual property judicial protection are becoming increasingly prominent. From the institutional foundation, intellectual property is characterized by territoriality as an important feature; the acquisition and protection of rights usually depend on the institutional arrangements of a specific jurisdiction. However, cross-border disputes often involve subjects, acts, markets, and evidence from multiple jurisdictions, and relying solely on judicial procedures within a single jurisdiction makes it difficult to fully respond to the practical needs of cross-border rights relief. Improving cross-border judicial cooperation arrangements for intellectual property helps to enhance the effectiveness of cross-border rights relief, strengthen the stability and predictability of intellectual property protection, and is of great significance for strengthening the whole-chain protection of intellectual property, maintaining a fair competition market order, and serving the innovation-driven development strategy.
In recent years, China has continuously strengthened the specialized construction of intellectual property adjudication, the practice of foreign-related intellectual property adjudication has been deepening, and the international influence and credibility of intellectual property judicial protection have been steadily improving, laying a relatively solid institutional and practical foundation for improving cross-border judicial cooperation in intellectual property. At the same time, the trends of cross-border, complex, and digital intellectual property disputes are intensifying, and there are still some urgent problems to be solved in cross-border judicial cooperation. First, in terms of jurisdiction coordination, cross-border intellectual property disputes often simultaneously involve multiple connecting points such as the place of rights registration, the place of infringing act, the place of damage result, the location of the server, the place of platform operation, and the domicile of the defendant, which easily leads to jurisdictional competition, parallel litigation, and even judgment conflicts. Second, in terms of service and evidence collection, key evidence such as technical materials, platform data, source code, license contracts, and transaction records may be scattered across different countries and regions, involving both the efficiency of judicial assistance procedures and the legality requirements of data cross-border transfer, trade secret protection, and personal information protection. Third, in terms of judgment enforcement, in cross-border intellectual property disputes, the property subject to enforcement, the infringing act, or the relevant platform may be located abroad, causing the winning judgment to face practical obstacles in enforcing compensation, implementing injunctions, and stopping infringing acts. Fourth, in terms of rule alignment, different jurisdictions have differences in standards for determining infringement, calculation of damages, conditions for applying injunctions, boundaries of platform liability, and licensing of standard essential patents, increasing the uncertainty of cross-border dispute resolution. In response, we should adhere to a systemic concept, focus on key links such as jurisdiction coordination, service and evidence collection, judgment enforcement, rule alignment, and diversified dispute resolution, further improve cross-border judicial cooperation arrangements for intellectual property, and continuously enhance the level of cross-border protection of intellectual property.
Improve the jurisdiction coordination mechanism, consolidate the procedural foundation of cross-border judicial cooperation.
Determining jurisdiction is the starting point for resolving foreign-related intellectual property disputes and an important link in preventing judicial conflicts. To improve cross-border judicial cooperation arrangements for intellectual property, we must first reasonably determine the jurisdictional connecting points for foreign-related intellectual property cases, avoiding overly broad or narrow jurisdictional bases that affect judicial fairness and dispute resolution efficiency. For traditional intellectual property disputes, factors such as the defendant’s domicile, the place of infringing act, the place of damage result, the place of contract performance, and the place of rights registration should be comprehensively considered to determine the jurisdictional basis in accordance with the law. For intellectual property disputes occurring in the internet environment, greater attention should be paid to the actual impact of online conduct, the main direction of commercial activities, the degree of relevance to the target market, and the concentration of evidence; technical factors such as the accessible location of the webpage or the location of the server should not be simply used as a basis for expanding jurisdiction. For major cases that may trigger parallel litigation in multiple countries, mechanisms such as case information notification and the constraint of parties’ good faith litigation obligations can be explored to reduce duplicate litigation and conflicting judgments. While exercising judicial jurisdiction in accordance with the law, attention should also be paid to procedural fairness and the enforceability of judgments, promoting the formation of more stable and orderly cross-border jurisdictional coordination rules and mechanisms.
Improve the service and evidence collection mechanism, enhance the efficiency of cross-border dispute resolution.
Intellectual property disputes have strong timeliness; technology iterates quickly, markets change rapidly, and infringement spreads fast. If the service and evidence collection cycle is too long, the effect of rights relief will be affected. International treaties, bilateral judicial assistance arrangements, and domestic foreign-related litigation systems should be fully utilized to further improve the standardization and facilitation of procedures such as service of foreign-related documents, evidence investigation, identity verification, and material authentication. Under digital conditions, methods such as electronic service, remote questioning, online hearings, and electronic evidence exchange can be steadily explored to reduce the time and economic costs for parties to participate in cross-border litigation. For cross-border electronic evidence, rules for data extraction, fixation, transmission, translation, authentication, and review should be further refined, properly handling issues of authenticity, integrity, legality, and relevance of evidence. For cases involving sensitive evidence such as source code, technical solutions, algorithm models, customer lists, and business plans, mechanisms such as restricted disclosure, graded access, and expert-assisted review should be improved, both to protect the parties’ right to present evidence and to prevent the leakage of trade secrets due to litigation procedures, achieving an organic unity of rights protection and security assurance.
Strengthen cooperation in the recognition and enforcement of judgments, enhance the quality and effectiveness of judicial protection.
Only when a winning judgment is effectively recognized and enforced can the legitimate rights and interests of the right holder be truly implemented. The 2026 Work Report of the Supreme People’s Court pointed out: “Based on international treaties or the principle of reciprocity, 972 foreign judgments were recognized and enforced in accordance with the law, a year-on-year increase of 2 times, and China’s civil and commercial judgments are also being recognized and enforced by more and more countries.” On this basis, under the framework of the principle of equality and reciprocity and international treaties, cooperation in the recognition and enforcement of civil and commercial judgments in intellectual property should be more actively promoted. On the one hand, relying on multilateral platforms such as the Hague Conference on Private International Law, actively participate in the formulation of international rules in the field of judgment recognition and enforcement, and promote further clarification of the conditions for applying the principle of reciprocity in the field of intellectual property. On the other hand, at the bilateral level, strengthen judicial exchanges and cooperation, and expand channels for the recognition and enforcement of China’s intellectual property judgments abroad through signing judicial assistance agreements and other means. At the same time, continuously improve the reasoning quality of China’s intellectual property judgment documents, strengthen argumentation and explanation around fact determination, application of law, calculation of damages, consideration of public interest, and other content, enhance the transparency and predictability of judgments, and create better conditions for China’s intellectual property judgments to be understood, recognized, and enforced abroad.
Promote rule alignment in key areas, deepen international judicial cooperation in intellectual property.
Cross-border intellectual property disputes come in various types, and the focus of cooperation differs across different areas. Rule communication, experience exchange, and mechanism coordination should be strengthened around high-frequency and high-incidence areas. For example, standard essential patent disputes often involve the global communication industry chain and parallel litigation in multiple countries, requiring strengthened rule coordination in patent protection, standard implementation, determination of license fees, and injunctive relief, promoting clearer and more stable adjudicative expectations across different jurisdictions; cross-border e-commerce platform disputes are characterized by large volume, rapid spread, and dispersed subjects, requiring strengthened international exchanges around issues such as notice and takedown, governance of repeat infringement, prevention of targeted malicious complaints, and determination of platform liability, promoting effective alignment of judicial protection with platform governance and industry self-discipline; digital copyright disputes involve complex scenarios such as cross-border dissemination of works, platform distribution, user uploads, and algorithmic recommendations, requiring strengthened cooperation around issues such as determination of online dissemination acts, platform duty of care, application of provisional measures, and disposal of infringing content, to enhance the timeliness and effectiveness of cross-border rights relief in the digital environment.
Improve the cross-border diversified dispute resolution mechanism, form a joint force for judicial protection.
Cross-border intellectual property disputes are highly specialized and involve complex interests. Parties hope not only to efficiently resolve disputes and protect trade secrets but also to minimize the impact of disputes on long-term cooperative relationships. In addition to litigation, mechanisms such as arbitration, mediation, and online dispute resolution are suited to the characteristics of cross-border commercial transactions and should play a greater role. For contractual disputes such as technology licensing, copyright transactions, brand cooperation, cross-border e-commerce, and R&D cooperation, parties can be guided to choose arbitration, mediation, and other methods to resolve disputes in accordance with the law. The role of intellectual property dispute mediation organizations, intellectual property protection centers, industry associations, and professional service institutions should be fully utilized to promote the organic connection and coordinated linkage of litigation, arbitration, mediation, online dispute resolution, and other methods, open up channels for mutual recognition of materials and alignment of effectiveness between different procedures, and enhance the specialization, facilitation, and internationalization of cross-border intellectual property dispute resolution.
By: 张光辉
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "contradictions among the people must be resolved through mediation" and "the role of diversified dispute resolution mechanisms such as people's mediation and commercial arbitration must be brought into play." People's mediation refers to the activity in which a People's Mediation Committee (人民调解委员会), through methods such as persuasion and guidance, prompts the parties to voluntarily reach a mediation agreement on the basis of equal consultation, thereby resolving civil disputes. From the perspective of institutional design and operational mechanism, people's mediation emphasizes absorbing party participation, respecting party will, and ensuring equal consultation among parties. It is an effective way for the masses to resolve grassroots conflicts and disputes by relying on self-education, self-management, and self-service, and it is a concrete practice of whole-process people's democracy in grassroots social governance.
The mediation system is rooted in the value concepts of "harmony is most precious" (和为贵), 息争止诉 (xī zhēng zhǐ sù - "cease disputes and stop litigation," meaning to resolve conflicts and avoid lawsuits), and "no litigation" (无讼) from China's excellent traditional culture, and has a deep historical foundation. Our Party, in the process of advancing social governance, has always attached importance to the positive role of mediation in resolving social contradictions. In 1941, the "Work Report of the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region Government" (陕甘宁边区政府工作报告) clearly put forward the propositions of "organizing mediation committees" and "participating in people's mediation committees to conduct mediation"; in 1943, the Border Region Government successively promulgated the "Instructions on Popularizing Mediation" (关于普及调解的指示) and the "Regulations on Mediation of Civil and Criminal Cases in the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region" (陕甘宁边区民刑事件调解条例). After the founding of New China, in 1954 the Government Administration Council (政务院) issued the "Provisional General Regulations for People's Mediation Committees" (人民调解委员会暂行组织通则), aiming to "timely resolve civil disputes." In the 1960s, Fengqiao Town (枫桥镇), Zhuji, Zhejiang, created the "Fengqiao Experience" (枫桥经验) of "mobilizing and relying on the masses, insisting that contradictions not be handed upward, resolving them on the spot, achieving fewer arrests and good public security," which became a model for grassroots social governance. After reform and opening up, the 1982 Constitution of the People's Republic of China clearly stipulated that residents' committees and villagers' committees shall establish people's mediation committees to "mediate civil disputes," a provision that continues to this day. The 1987 "Organic Law of the Villagers' Committees of the People's Republic of China (Trial)" (中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法（试行）) and the 1989 "Organic Law of the Urban Residents' Committees of the People's Republic of China" (中华人民共和国城市居民委员会组织法) both clarified the establishment of people's mediation committees and the duty to "mediate civil disputes." In 1989, the State Council promulgated the "Organizational Regulations for People's Mediation Committees" (人民调解委员会组织条例), further strengthening the construction of people's mediation committees. In 2011, the "People's Mediation Law of the People's Republic of China" (中华人民共和国人民调解法) (hereinafter referred to as the "People's Mediation Law") came into effect, providing a specialized legal basis for people's mediation work. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, policy documents such as the "Opinions on Further Deepening the Connection of People's Mediation with Petition Work to Promote the Legalization of Petition Work" (关于进一步深化人民调解参与信访工作对接推进信访工作法治化的意见) and the "Opinions on Fully Leveraging the Fundamental Role of People's Mediation to Promote Litigation Source Governance" (关于充分发挥人民调解基础性作用推进诉源治理的意见) have been successively issued. The procedural, professional, and standardized level of the people's mediation system has been continuously improved, and its advantages as a non-litigation dispute resolution method with Chinese characteristics have been continuously demonstrated. To effectively resolve grassroots conflicts and disputes and maintain social harmony and stability, it is necessary to further improve and perfect the people's mediation mechanism, and consolidate and expand the unique advantages of people's mediation.
Focus on taking root at the grassroots level, and promptly investigate and identify hidden dangers of contradictions. The People's Mediation Law clearly positions the People's Mediation Committee as a "mass organization." The members of the People's Mediation Committee are mainly elected through villagers' meetings or villagers' representative meetings, residents' meetings, staff congresses, staff representative congresses, or trade union organizations. They are all "people nearby" or "locals" who are relatively familiar to the masses or even live with them day and night. At the same time, it is permitted to "invite the parties' relatives, neighbors, colleagues, etc. to participate in mediation." This organizational and personnel advantage of taking root at the grassroots level gives people's mediation a natural acuteness in contradiction early warning and risk investigation. To further leverage the role of people's mediation in taking root at the grassroots and being close to the masses, it is necessary to strengthen its function as the "first line of defense" for maintaining social stability, and promote investigation and early warning work to be more proactive, in-depth, and meticulous. For example, encourage people's mediators to promptly discover various issues such as neighborhood disputes, family conflicts, and property management disputes through visits, heart-to-heart talks, participation in community activities, etc., in their daily work and life, achieving early detection, early intervention, and early guidance.
Adhere to voluntariness and equality, and effectively protect the various rights of the parties. The People's Mediation Law clearly stipulates that people's mediation shall be conducted on the basis of the parties' voluntariness and equality. Practice shows that the higher the degree of party participation and the greater the space for autonomy, the higher the success rate and satisfaction of mediation, and the more stable the effect of conflict resolution. To further leverage the institutional function of people's mediation, the protection of the parties' equal status and autonomous rights should be carried through the entire mediation process. In the procedure initiation stage, the parties should be fully informed of the nature, procedures, and effect of people's mediation to ensure their right to know, and the parties shall independently decide whether to apply for mediation; in the mediator selection stage, the parties' right to choose should be fully respected, allowing the parties to negotiate and select or apply for the mediator's withdrawal within the prescribed scope; in the mediation conduct stage, the parties' opportunity for equal expression should be guaranteed, and the mediator must uphold a neutral stance, not favor any party, and create an atmosphere of equal dialogue; in the agreement conclusion stage, inducing, hinting, or even coercing the parties to accept the mediation plan is strictly prohibited, ensuring that the content of the agreement is based on the true will of both parties. Some localities promote "menu-style" mediation services, where the parties independently choose the mediation method and time, establish a mediator withdrawal system and a party complaint feedback mechanism, etc., effectively protecting the various rights of the parties.
Smooth channels for expressing demands, and effectively guide negative emotions. The People's Mediation Law stipulates that before mediation, people's mediators shall inquire about the facts and circumstances of the dispute from the parties, and fully listen to the parties' statements. Listening to statements is not only a necessary step for ascertaining the facts, but also an important channel for the parties to express their demands. By stating facts and arguing their claims, the parties' demands are fully expressed, and at the same time it helps to alleviate psychological pressure, creating conditions for negotiated resolution. When listening to statements, mediators, through patient listening and timely responses, make the parties feel respected and reduce antagonistic emotions. To further leverage the function of people's mediation, it is necessary to improve mediation procedure norms, refine the operational rules for listening to statements, clarify the mediator's duty boundaries and code of conduct in the statement stage, and ensure that every party can obtain sufficient opportunity for expression. At the same time, incorporate abilities such as emotion recognition and psychological guidance into the professional training content for mediators, effectively enhance the mediators' communication and guidance abilities in the process of listening to statements, and regions with conditions may explore introducing psychological counselors to participate in mediation. In addition, the environment of the mediation venue should reflect humanistic care, creating a quiet and private atmosphere. Currently, many grassroots mediation organizations have set up psychological guidance rooms, heart-to-heart talk rooms, etc., to facilitate the parties in unloading psychological burdens and fully expressing their demands, so that the negative emotions accumulated in conflicts and disputes can be released in an orderly manner, preventing individual contradictions from evolving into group conflicts.
Innovate mediation methods and techniques, and enhance the effectiveness of flexible dispute resolution. From the specific process and methods of people's mediation, the interaction between mediation subjects is mainly through flexible methods such as "persuasion and guidance." The "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of the People's Mediator Team" (关于加强人民调解员队伍建设的意见) requires "through methods such as persuasion, education, exhortation, and guidance, to promote equal consultation and voluntary reaching of mediation agreements between the parties." Under the premise of adhering to mediation according to law, attention should be paid to summarizing and refining effective working methods from practice, comprehensively using multiple means combining reason, emotion, and law, and continuously improving the pertinence and effectiveness of mediation. On the one hand, according to the characteristics of different types of disputes, comprehensively adopt methods such as combining "face-to-face" and "back-to-back" mediation, combining centralized mediation and separate guidance, and seek solutions on the basis of fully understanding the true intentions of both parties. On the other hand, adapt to the development situation of new technologies, use internet technology to carry out video mediation and online consultation, break through time and space limitations, and provide convenient and efficient mediation services for parties in different locations. Especially with the development of artificial intelligence technology, we must also focus on promoting the intelligent construction of people's mediation, and strive to reduce the time and economic costs of the parties.
Strengthen connection and linkage, and gather the joint force of diversified dispute resolution. People's mediation, administrative mediation, judicial mediation, etc., each have their own strengths and complement each other, jointly forming an institutional synergy for resolving conflicts and disputes. To further leverage the fundamental role of people's mediation in the diversified dispute resolution system, it is necessary to strengthen connection and linkage with other forms of mediation. First, strengthen the connection with judicial mediation. Improve the litigation-mediation connection mechanism (诉调对接机制), standardize the procedures and standards for pre-litigation referral mediation and in-litigation entrusted mediation, strengthen the People's Court's professional guidance to people's mediation, improve the operational details of the judicial confirmation system for mediation agreements (调解协议司法确认制度), increase the efficiency of judicial confirmation, and enhance the credibility and enforceability of mediation agreements. Second, strengthen the connection with administrative mediation. Promote information sharing and coordinated cooperation between people's mediation and administrative mediation resources in public security, transportation, medical care, labor disputes, etc., improve the transfer and entrustment mechanism between administrative mediation and people's mediation, and form complementary advantages. Third, actively integrate into the legalization process of petition work. Adhere to the combination of petition and mediation (访调结合), with mediation taking precedence, actively guide petition matters suitable for mediation to be resolved through people's mediation, and improve the mechanism for correctly handling contradictions among the people under the new situation. At the same time, continue to promote the construction of industry-specific and professional people's mediation organizations (行业性、专业性人民调解组织) in medical care, property management, intellectual property, etc., expand the coverage of mediation, and enable people's mediation to release governance effectiveness in a wider range of fields and at a deeper level.
Return to TopBy: 代莉平
The new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is changing the production and lifestyle modes and governance models of human society with unprecedented breadth, depth, and speed. Emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, the digital economy, the low-altitude economy, and biological manufacturing are flourishing vigorously. While injecting strong momentum into economic and social development, they also place higher demands on the response speed of the legal system. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: "New technologies and new applications such as the digital economy, internet finance, artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing are developing rapidly, giving rise to a series of new business forms and new models, but the relevant legal systems still have time lags and blank areas." Strengthening legislation in emerging fields has an important requirement: to shorten the "time lag" of legislation.
The so-called "time lag" of legislation refers to the phenomenon where the supply of legal systems lags behind the development needs of emerging fields. It often takes only a very short time for a new technology or new business form to go from emergence to large-scale application, while law pursues stability and authority, and a law typically requires a long period from research and论证 to deliberation and passage. Emerging fields have rapid technological iteration and new industrial forms, lacking mature institutional precedents to follow; many rules need to be gradually established through exploration and are difficult to 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù - "to accomplish in one step," to achieve overnight). Although we cannot and should not pursue complete synchronization of law with every step of technological development, we can shorten this "time lag" as much as possible by optimizing the legislative mechanism while following the laws of legislation, so that the legal system, while maintaining stability and authority, can more promptly respond to the development needs of emerging fields.
Enhancing the predictive capacity of legislation is a prerequisite for shortening this "time lag." The development of emerging fields has considerable uncertainty; the social impacts and institutional needs brought by a technology or industry generally do not manifest simultaneously. If there is a lack of foresight, and legislation is initiated only after problems are fully exposed, the institutional supply will lag even further behind actual needs, and the cost of legal intervention will be higher. This requires legislative bodies to appropriately shift their work focus forward, intervening in tracking research at an early stage of the development of emerging fields, and promptly studying and judging the institutional problems that technological applications may bring. On the one hand, conduct in-depth investigation and research. Legislation in emerging fields often involves cutting-edge technical principles and complex commercial logic, with high professional thresholds and wide-ranging coverage. If detached from the actual operation of industries, institutional design can easily become inaccurate and ineffective. Legislative bodies should go deep into the front lines of technological innovation and industrial development to conduct investigation and research, accurately grasp enterprise business models, technology application scenarios, and market operation rules, so that the legal system is built on solid data and facts. At the same time, give full play to the role of grassroots legislative contact points (基层立法联系点), extensively listen to the opinions of scientific research institutions, business entities, and industry associations, so that legislative considerations are closer to industrial reality and institutional design is more targeted and operable. On the other hand, strengthen forward-looking研判, and do a good job of risk prevention in advance. The development of emerging fields is often accompanied by composite risks, characterized by strong concealment and fast transmission speed. The initiative in risk prevention should be enhanced. Focusing on key areas such as artificial intelligence, data resources, and algorithm governance, establish and improve technology tracking and institutional pre-research mechanisms, incorporate relevant legislation into medium- and long-term legislative plans in a timely manner, carry out institutional research in advance, and make legislative preparations. In particular, explore the construction of pre-event and in-event preventive legal mechanisms such as algorithmic ethics review and cross-border data security risk assessment, enhance the ability of law to respond to complex risks, guide technology toward goodness and industries toward standardized development, and release innovation potential on the basis of ensuring safety.
To shorten the "time lag" of legislation, attention must also be paid to the flexibility of legislative forms,统筹 using multiple legislative methods according to the different circumstances of emerging fields. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized, "We should study and enrich legislative forms; we can make some 'big chunks,' and also make some 'small, quick, and nimble' ones." While the "big chunk" legislative model is systematic and comprehensive, when facing rapidly iterating and ever-changing emerging fields, it may encounter the dilemma of an overly long legislative cycle. For emerging fields that are still in the exploratory stage and whose rules have not yet been finalized, the "small切口" legislative method can be used more often, focusing on prominent issues, enacting as many articles as needed, and making those that are effective. In recent years, many localities have actively explored this. In emerging fields such as intelligent connected vehicles, the low-altitude economy, artificial intelligence, digital trade, and synthetic biology, multiple localities have successively issued special regulations. These regulations have small切入口 and short cycles, better adapting to the rapidly changing characteristics of emerging fields, and have also accumulated experience for legislation at the national level. For fields where basic principles are clear and the institutional framework is clear but need continuous improvement based on practical development, methods such as authorizing localities to pilot first and formulating interim regulations can be used to leave room for institutional maturation and avoid missing legislative opportunities. At the same time, the governance issues brought by the development of emerging fields are highly complex, cross-cutting, and comprehensive, often involving multiple legal departments. Taking the digital economy as an example, its legislative matters simultaneously involve multiple areas such as data asset rights confirmation, market fair competition, consumer rights protection, and network information security, to a certain extent breaking through the boundaries of traditional departmental law. This requires implementing a systematic concept, paying attention to coordination and cooperation among various legal departments, and avoiding increasing the time cost of institutional supply due to scattered rules and institutional conflicts.
The "time lag" problem is, in the final analysis, a problem of the timeliness of institutional supply, but pursuing timeliness cannot come at the expense of legislative quality. If institutional design is divorced from the stage of industrial development and actual operation, the law will be difficult to implement effectively after promulgation, and will instead increase the cost of amending the law; if the rules are too rigid and lack room for adjustment, new inapplicability may arise as the industry develops. High-quality legislation should be continuously improved and developed in interaction with industrial development. On the one hand, at the beginning of institutional design, legislators should, through relatively inclusive and open rule arrangements, minimize the uncertainty of the development of emerging fields to the greatest extent, creating a good legal environment for the development of new quality productive forces. Emerging fields in their early stages of development are often accompanied by a high degree of trial and error. If overly strict prohibitive norms or control-type provisions are applied too early, it may suppress the exploratory enthusiasm of business entities. Therefore, in the legislative process, based on the characteristics of technological development and the laws of industrial operation, by appropriately setting疏导性 and supportive clauses, a predictable institutional environment for innovation activities can be provided. For example, in the low-altitude economy field, relevant regulations issued by Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and other places generally adopt an institutional design of "encouragement + regulation," while clearly supporting directions and application scenarios, they also make necessary regulations on safety assurance and other aspects. This approach, during the growth stage of the industry, focuses on leveraging the guiding and safeguarding functions of legislation, helping to provide clear institutional expectations for business entities and finding a balance between promoting development and preventing risks.
On the other hand, given the active technological evolution in emerging fields, some rules will inevitably encounter new problems during implementation, such as deviations in the scope of application,模糊 in the division of responsibilities, and excessively high enforcement costs, which may cause existing legal provisions to "age." This requires the law to possess the ability for dynamic adjustment. By establishing a strict implementation evaluation mechanism, problems in institutional operation can be discovered in a timely manner, ensuring as much as possible that the enforcement capability and iteration capability of the legal system are synchronized with the development of emerging fields. Currently, China has accumulated a certain amount of institutional practical experience in emerging fields. We should strengthen the analysis of typical cases, industry development situations, and social feedback, promptly transform mature experience into institutional design, and reserve necessary institutional space for future technological development and industrial transformation, so that the legal system, while maintaining stability, also possesses adaptability.
Return to TopBy: 黄平
The Party Committee of China Huadian Corporation Ltd. Chongqing Branch (中国华电集团有限公司重庆分公司) (hereinafter referred to as Huadian Chongqing Company) has always adhered to building the Party for the public and exercising power for the people, firmly established and practiced a correct view of performance, anchored on the differentiated development strategy of 强优精美 (qiáng yōu jīng měi - “strong, excellent, refined, beautiful”), and with the spiritual realm of “achievements need not be mine” and the historical responsibility of “achievements must have me”, has submitted a high-score report card in serving the national energy strategy and assisting local economic development.
Anchor on “making the enterprise strong”, calibrating development coordinates in serving the “great affairs of the nation”. The correct view of performance requires us to adhere to proceeding from reality, act according to laws, through scientific decision-making and solid hard work, create achievements that can withstand the test of practice and history, truly benefit the people, and be recognized by the masses. Huadian Chongqing Company actively integrated into national strategies such as the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle (成渝地区双城经济圈), always regarding energy supply guarantee as the greatest livelihood. Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, annual power generation has leaped from 3.4 billion kWh to a peak of 6.2 billion kWh, exceeding the regional installed capacity share for five consecutive years, and the local government has sent multiple letters of thanks for energy supply guarantee. In June 2026, the F-class heavy-duty gas turbine unit with the largest single-unit capacity and highest efficiency in China — the Huadian Chongqing Tongnan Gas Turbine Project — achieved full-capacity commissioning and power generation, saving 200,000 tons of standard coal annually and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by about 500,000 tons, with significant green and low-carbon benefits. Implemented the “Light up Chongqing, Power Green Bayu” (点亮重庆电绿巴渝) Starry Sky Action (满天星行动), with new energy new production scale and project conversion rate leading in the region; asset scale increased from 4 billion yuan to 10.2 billion yuan; operating capacity broke through from 1.2 million kW to 3.042 million kW. Actively explored integrated and converged development paths such as “wind-solar-storage-charging integration” (风光储充一体化) and “new energy + transportation” (新能源+交通), as well as the “multi-energy co-supply” (多能联供) development model; the proportion of clean energy increased from 0 to 67%, writing an energy report card that serves the national strategy and empowers the construction of a new modern Chongqing with the practical responsibility of a central enterprise.
Anchor on “making the enterprise excellent”, forging competitive advantages in improving quality and increasing efficiency. Firmly establish a correct view of performance: we must do both tangible things that the people can see, touch, and benefit from, as well as good things that pave the way, lay foundations, and benefit the long term for future generations. Huadian Chongqing Company adheres to lean management, doing both visible merits and invisible merits, tackling difficulties with the spirit of hammering the nail. Key operational indicators such as the preservation and appreciation rate of state-owned assets and the asset-liability ratio have all exceeded the targets of the 14th Five-Year Plan, laying a good foundation for the start of the 15th Five-Year Plan. For three consecutive years, we have carried out “thorough investigation and comprehensive inspection” of compliance risks, resolutely preventing blind decision-making and short-term behavior. Improved the supporting systems for the term system and contractual management of manager-level members, established a points system for cadre performance and a negative list, normalized “instant reward assessment”, forming a clear orientation of “rewarding the good and punishing the bad”. Strengthened the cultivation of young cadres, promoted the “appointment system for chief specialists” and “project manager system for special tasks”, created the “Huayu Micro-Learning+” (华渝微学习+) lightweight learning platform, built “four major points banks” (四大积分银行), carried out “top-down joint order-based” cultivation (上下联合订单式), promoted the return of core business to grassroots teams, continuously built a 四力 (sì lì - “four forces”) learning organization, and brought out more than ten outstanding talents such as the “Top Ten Strivers” (十大奋进者) and the national energy industry “Gold Medal Technician”. The staff team grew from more than 300 people to more than 600 people, and a high-quality team with echelon succession has been fully formed.
Anchor on “making the enterprise refined”, demonstrating the essence of craftsmanship in value creation. Great undertakings under heaven must be attended to in detail. On the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, we must advocate a refined work attitude, be good at excelling in refinement. Huadian Chongqing Company innovatively constructed a “1+3+N” evaluation system for safe production responsibility and an anti-violation points management system. For four consecutive years, they have taken the 三摆一谈 (sān bǎi yī tán - “three placements and one discussion”) warning education as the first meeting of the year. They have continuously achieved the safety and environmental “three zeroes” target and the coal-fired unit “zero unplanned outages”, with unit indicators ranking among the top in the country, and were rated as Chongqing “Environmental Protection Trustworthy Enterprise” for seven consecutive years. Lead industrial innovation with scientific and technological innovation; two scientific and technological achievements were selected into the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission’s “1025” Phase III key tasks and national major special projects. Actively implement the “Artificial Intelligence+” action, integrally build the “Huayu Zhi” (华渝智) series of digital-intelligent platforms; “Huayu Xiao Zhi” (华渝小智) DeepSeek empowers management improvement. “Huayu Zhi An” (华渝智安) achieves penetrating full-coverage safety supervision; “Huayu Zhi Yun” (华渝智运) achieves comprehensive digital-intelligent operation and management; “Huayu Zhi Jian” (华渝智检) empowers excellent overhauls with artificial intelligence. Relying on scientific and technological innovation, they have created a series of benchmark green demonstration projects such as the Bitong Line Rail Transit “photovoltaic-storage-direct-current-flexible” project (光储直柔), Wushan corridor photovoltaic, Beibei Guangren “wind-solar-storage-charging digital-intelligent integration” (风光储充数智一体化) project.
Anchor on “making the enterprise beautiful”, polishing the brand image in inheriting the red genes. Establishing and practicing a correct view of performance, the decisive factor is Party spirit. Huadian Chongqing Company deeply implements the 四力四推 (sì lì sì tuī - “four forces, four promotions”) Party building project, creates the 绿水青山映红岩 (lǜ shuǐ qīng shān yìng hóng yán - “green mountains and clear waters reflect red crag”) Party building practice case, establishes a matrix of 华渝红岩党支部 (Huayu Hongyan Party Branch), carefully cultivates the 红脉·梅洁 (hóng mài méi jié - “red pulse, plum cleanliness”) culture of clean governance, and has been rated Grade A in the superior company’s Party building responsibility system assessment for two consecutive years. The “Green Mountains and Clear Waters Reflect Red Crag” project was awarded the excellent result of the 揭榜挂帅 (jiē bǎng guà shuài - “issue a list and take command”) reform innovation of the Chongqing state-owned assets system’s Party building work, and is the only award-winning project in the power industry. Constructed a “335” mechanism of the Party committee theory study center group with three-level joint study, three types of capabilities, and five-dimensional evaluation; improved and implemented the “first agenda” system; innovated a “four firsts” closed-loop implementation mechanism; and was rated by the superior company as an excellent enterprise in the comprehensive evaluation of the “first agenda” for two consecutive years. The company system has won more than 70 provincial and ministerial level honors including National Civilized Unit, National Model Staff Home, National Safety Culture Construction Demonstration Enterprise, etc. The commissioning of the Tongnan gas turbine project was reported by more than 10 mainstream media outlets, continuously demonstrating the brand value and influence of China Huadian in Chongqing.
(The author is the Secretary of the Party Committee and Executive Director of China Huadian Corporation Ltd. Chongqing Branch.)
Return to TopBy: 张根玮
2026 marks the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and is also the first year of the 15th Five-Year Plan. At this important historical juncture, the Shanghai Huabin Party Branch (上海华滨党支部) adheres to the principle that serving production and operation must not deviate, taking the improvement of enterprise efficiency, the enhancement of enterprise competitiveness, and the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets as important work objectives. It promotes the establishment of Party organizations in buildings, Party groups on floors, and Party member demonstrations at workstations, using the results of reform and development to test the effectiveness of Party organization work. It solidly advances the unification of tangible coverage and effective coverage of Party building in emerging fields, fully leveraging the political and organizational advantages of state-owned enterprises to serve the overall work of the Party and the state.
In recent years, the Party Branch of Shanghai Huabin Investment Co., Ltd. (上海华滨投资有限公司, hereinafter referred to as Shanghai Huabin) has deeply studied and comprehended Xi Jinping’s thought on Party building, closely centered on the responsibility mission of central enterprises to provide three services, based on the positioning of the two major platforms of integration of investment, construction, operation, and management and logistics service support, focused on the main responsibility and main business of operation management and preservation and appreciation of Shanghai Huadian Tower (上海华电大厦), and made solid, detailed, and excellent efforts in the service brand Warm Enterprise Station (暖企驿站). It has explored and forged a path for building-based Party building work characterized by Party building leadership as the soul, enterprise service as the foundation, resource linkage as the key, and empowerment development as the effect, leading the high-quality development of the building economy with high-quality Party building.
Use Party building leadership to firmly grasp the correct political direction
Political attribute is the fundamental attribute of state-owned enterprises, and stressing politics is the primary requirement. The Shanghai Huabin Party Branch has always placed stressing politics in the primary position, writing the general requirements of Party building in the new era into the company’s articles of association, embedding Party building work into all aspects of corporate governance, clarifying the statutory status of Party organizations in the corporate governance structure, and effectively transforming the Party’s political and organizational advantages into the enterprise’s competitive and developmental advantages. It strictly implements the first agenda system, thoroughly studies and implements the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party and all previous plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, solidly carries out study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, educates and guides the broad masses of Party members to temper Party spirit, strengthen practical responsibility, and promote the entry of the Party’s innovative theories into buildings, enterprises, and people’s hearts. It actively serves strategic deployments such as Shanghai’s five centers construction, takes serving the main responsibility and main business of the Group Company as its fundamental mission, provides strong guarantees for the smooth settlement of 9 units within the system in Shanghai, offers high-quality services to 39 external tenant enterprises, and at the same time actively integrates into the Party building work pattern of the Expo area in Pudong New Area, forming a pairing and co-building relationship with the Party Branch of the Community Affairs Reception Service Center of Shanggang Xincun Subdistrict (上钢新村街道社区事务受理服务中心). In serving the overall situation, it grasps the direction; in integrating into development, it demonstrates responsibility. It promotes the deep integration and concerted effort of Party building work with production and operation.
Use organizational coverage to weave a dense Party building organizational system for buildings
When the grassroots are strong, the fortress is solid; when the organization is solid, the cause thrives. The Shanghai Huabin Party Branch benchmarks against the construction goal of Four Strong Party branches, deepens the implementation of the Group Company’s Four Strengths and Four Promotions Party building project, strictly implements basic systems such as Three Meetings and One Lesson, theme Party days, organizational life meetings, democratic evaluation of Party members, and heart-to-heart talks, and promotes grassroots Party building from standardization to normalization and from normalization to branding. In response to the realistic characteristics of scattered distribution, high mobility, and difficulty in organizing Party members in commercial office buildings, it takes the lead in establishing the Huadian Tower Building Party Branch, sets up information ledgers for mobile Party members, dynamically grasps the baseline, precisely implements education and management, and effectively achieves mobile but not lost, away from hometown but not away from the Party. It actively explores the Party building work model of multi-enterprise linkage, using buildings to drive enterprises, jointly with the Party Working Committee of Shanggang Xincun Subdistrict and the Subdistrict Business Service Center, helps eligible settled enterprises establish Party organizations, and jointly builds and co-constructs around organizational setup, Party member education, theme Party days, and system construction, solidly advancing the coverage of Party organizations and Party work, and promoting building-based Party building from tangible coverage to effective coverage in depth. Within the building, it implements the Red Building Affairs Council deliberation and consultation mechanism, regularly organizing building enterprises, Party member representatives, and property management parties to discuss and negotiate together, resolving conflicts within the building and凝聚 consensus at the front line. The establishment of Party member pioneer posts, Party member responsibility zones, and Party member突击 teams embeds organizational advantages into every link of building governance, making every Party member a banner and every Party branch a fortress.
Use service integration to create a building development ecosystem
Integrate Party building work into the front line of serving enterprises and serving development, empowering the high-quality development of the building economy with high-quality Party building. The Shanghai Huabin Party Branch deeply grasps the important mission of central enterprises to better serve the overall work of the Party and the state, serve high-quality economic and social development, and serve the guarantee and improvement of people’s livelihood, runs the concept of value creation through the entire process of operation and management, unswervingly promotes the transformation and upgrading of property services toward standardization, digital intelligence, and intensification, obtains certification for the three-standard system of quality management system, environmental management system, and occupational health and safety management system, and continuously polishes the Huabin service brand. It actively strengthens communication and contact with enterprises within the Group system in Shanghai and the Yangtze River Delta region, smooths cooperation channels among upstream and downstream, related parties, and collaborators, successfully completes major guarantee tasks such as the Group Company’s theme exhibition at the China Brand Expo, making the building is the ecosystem, settlement is entry into the chain, service is empowerment a distinctive hallmark of Huadian Tower. It implements differentiated services of one policy per household, focusing on key matters such as talent, financing, employment, and legal affairs, investigating needs household by household and customizing plans enterprise by enterprise, solidly implements the rent reduction and exemption policy for small and micro enterprises, using 真金白银 (zhēn jīn bái yín - "real gold and white silver," real money) to reduce costs and relieve difficulties for building tenants, promoting the transformation of services from single-item supply to integrated supply and from office space provider to comprehensive building service operation entity. Using the Warm Enterprise Station as a link, it constructs a building-community-government trinity linkage mechanism, turning it into a comprehensive service carrier integrating policy publicity, enterprise service, resource docking, and Party-mass activities, fully demonstrating the political attribute, service attribute, and demonstration value of central enterprise buildings. The sense of gain, belonging, and identification of settled enterprises is continuously enhanced, and the endogenous driving force for high-quality development of the building economy is increasingly strong.
Use actual results to test the effectiveness of building-based Party building
Strengthening Party building is of great significance; it cannot tolerate 花拳绣腿 (huā quán xiù tuǐ - "flowery fists and embroidered kicks," showy but useless) and cannot tolerate any false effort. It must be grasped firmly, finely, and thoroughly with a pragmatic and realistic attitude. The Shanghai Huabin Party Branch, in accordance with the work requirement of emphasizing practical work, doing practical deeds, and seeking practical results, takes the Capacity and Style Construction Year special action of the Party Committee of Huadian Real Estate (华电置业) as a starting point, promotes the deepening of study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, and effectively transforms the political and organizational advantages of Party building into actual results that promote high-quality development. It deeply advances the Huadian Endeavor Culture知行合一 action, incorporating study and education into cadre rotation training and all-staff training courses, while making good use of the two mirrors of advanced models and negative cases, conducting profound self-examination and analysis, daring to take responsibility and act under the premise of observing discipline and rules. It uses role models around to interpret the endeavor spirit, uses vivid cases to explain the connotation of political achievements, organizes labor competitions, and builds a platform for learning from each other, catching up, and striving for excellence. 一分耕耘，一分收获 (yī fēn gēng yún, yī fēn shōu huò - "one part of plowing and weeding, one part of harvest," no pain no gain). The effective rental rate of Shanghai Huadian Tower has consistently ranked first in the Expo area, customer satisfaction has remained above 99%, and it has achieved 5,361 consecutive days of safe production. The company has successively been awarded honors such as a Spiritual Civilization Creation Unit of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, an Advanced Collective in Fire Safety, a Model Unit of Civilization of the Group Company, and an Advanced Enterprise in Safety and Environmental Protection. The Party Branch of Shanghai Huadian Tower Building was awarded the New Era Pioneer Fortress of Pudong New Area, among others. When Party building work is done solidly, it becomes productivity; when done strongly, it becomes competitiveness; when done meticulously, it becomes cohesion. High-quality Party building effectively leads the high-quality development of the building economy, striving to write a vivid answer sheet for the high-quality development of grassroots Party building in state-owned enterprises in the new era.
(The author is Deputy General Manager of Shanghai Huabin Investment Co., Ltd.)
Return to TopBy: 屈军威
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated that people's health is an important marker of national prosperity and national strength. Placing the protection of people's health in a strategic position of priority development, and improving policies for promoting people's health. Public hospitals, as the backbone of China's medical service system, not only fulfill the function of healing the wounded and rescuing the dying, but also bear the political responsibility of implementing the Healthy China strategy and serving the overall national development situation. Facing the complex situation of the accelerated evolution of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the continuous release of the people's multi-level and diversified health needs, and the interweaving of diverse values, how to ensure that public hospitals always develop with high quality along the correct direction has become a major issue for health and health work in the new era.
Ideological and political work is the Party's fine tradition, distinctive feature, and prominent political advantage, and is the lifeline of all work. It is not only an important means of unifying thought and coalescing consensus, but also a key support for improving governance capacity, stimulating endogenous motivation, and shaping the industry image. Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital (兰州石化总医院), as the "main force" of regional medical services, strives to build a "big ideological and political work" (大思政) work pattern for public hospitals in the new era, promoting its deep integration into the entire process of hospital governance, achieving ideological and political soul-casting and practical work to prosper the industry.
Ideological and political work is an important lever for the high-quality development of public hospitals
The high-quality development of public hospitals is by no means merely the increase of economic returns; its essence is a systemic leap that takes people's health as the center, embodies public welfare, and manifests the superiority of the socialist system. The realization of this goal cannot be separated from strong ideological leadership and high political consciousness. Adhering to the Party's leadership is the fundamental guarantee for doing a good job of hospital ideological and political work in the new era.
First, ideological and political work ensures that the political attribute of public hospitals does not deviate. The fundamental purpose of China's public hospitals is to serve the people. In a market economy environment, medical resources are scarce; if there is a lack of strong ideological and political guidance, it is very easy to be eroded by profit-seeking trends, leading to problems such as excessive medical treatment, indifferent service, and weakened public welfare, deviating from the original aspiration and mission. Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital insists on carrying out multi-level and systematic political theory education, deeply studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on health work, thus consolidating the political foundation of "for whom to serve and why to develop," ensuring that the hospital always develops along the correct direction.
Second, ideological and political work coalesces the endogenous motivation for high-quality development. Medical staff are the core subjects of medical services; their professional spirit, value orientation, and psychological state directly determine medical quality and patient experience. At present, with the deepening of medical industry reform, the complication of doctor-patient relationships, and the frequent occurrence of public health emergencies, medical staff generally face a work environment of high intensity, high risk, and high emotional investment, and problems such as job burnout, anxiety and depression, and value confusion are becoming increasingly prominent. Through normalized heart-to-heart talks, psychological counseling, assistance to those with living difficulties, and other methods, the work pressure on medical staff can be alleviated, and their sense of professional identity, social respect, and organizational belonging can be enhanced. Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital insists on carrying out "Dean Reception Day," departmental symposiums, and setting up a "Staff Opinion Box," actively responding to the emotional appeals and spiritual needs of medical staff, guiding medical staff to integrate personal growth into the overall development of the hospital, forming a powerful joint force of "thinking with one mind and exerting strength in one direction."
Third, ideological and political work shapes the cultural soft power of modern hospital governance. High-quality development depends not only on institutional constraints but also on cultural infiltration. The new-era medical and health professional spirit of "revering life, healing the wounded and rescuing the dying, being willing to contribute, and having boundless great love" is precisely the result of long-term cultivation through ideological and political work. This cultural gene permeates the diagnosis and treatment process, service details, team collaboration, and even scientific research breakthroughs, becoming a deep support for improving patient satisfaction, optimizing doctor-patient relationships, and enhancing organizational resilience. It can be said that without a solid ideological and political foundation, it is difficult to form a hospital cultural ecology with cohesion, combat effectiveness, and innovation capacity.
Promoting the deep integration of ideological and political work and hospital governance
To make ideological and political work solid, active, and strong, it is necessary to break the limitation of "grasping ideological and political work only for ideological and political work's sake," actively embed it into the entire chain and every link of hospital operation, and realize the transformation from "add-on item" to "fusion agent," from "soft task" to "hard support." At present, we should focus on three major integration paths: Party building leadership, business development, and cultural construction.
First, always adhere to the leadership of Party building. Party leadership is the "fixed star" for the high-quality development of public hospitals. Public hospitals must comprehensively strengthen Party leadership, especially by incorporating ideological and political construction into the hospital charter and the "three important and one large" (三重一大) decision-making procedures, fully exerting the leading role of the Party committee in setting the direction, managing the overall situation, and ensuring implementation. Promote the establishment of Party branches in departments and Party groups in diagnosis and treatment teams, achieving simultaneous deployment and promotion of Party building and business. Through carriers such as the "three meetings and one class" (三会一课) and themed Party days, transform the Party's innovative theories into concrete actions to promote medical breakthroughs and service optimization. Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital, centering on core tasks such as "improving the capacity for treating acute, severe, and critical illnesses" and "promoting the construction of smart hospitals," has set up Party member pioneer posts and assault teams, letting the Party flag fly high at the front line. Actively carry out activities such as "re-taking the oath of joining the Party," "reciting red classics," and "Party history knowledge competitions," organize medical staff to go to old revolutionary base areas and red education bases for on-site study, visit memorial halls, listen to revolutionary stories, retrace red footprints, invite old Party members and old soldiers into the hospital to tell revolutionary experiences and dedication stories, inherit the red gene, stimulate the patriotic feelings of medical staff, and take the initiative to assume responsibility.
Second, resonate at the same frequency with business development. Break the fragmented thinking of "ideological and political work belongs to Party and mass work, business belongs to clinical work," and organically integrate ideological and political requirements into the entire process of medical treatment, teaching, scientific research, and management. Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital advocates the concept of "patient safety as the center," establishes a "medical ethics and conduct points system," incorporates participation in volunteer services, receipt of patient commendation letters, etc., into quantitative evaluation, and directly links them with professional title promotion, evaluation and selection of excellence, and performance distribution, forming a clear orientation of "doing well also requires good moral character." Actively explore new models such as "ideological and political work + discipline construction" and "ideological and political work + scientific research innovation," truly making ideological and political work a powerful lever for promoting the high-quality development of the hospital.
Third, achieve organic unity with cultural construction. Hospital culture is the external carrier and emotional bond of ideological and political work, and also an important foothold of ideological and political work. We should start from both ideological guidance and practical cultivation, through improving medical ethics and conduct, optimizing service processes, improving the medical environment, and implementing humanistic care measures, to build a service culture of "people-oriented, patient-centered," so that medical staff deeply recognize the professional connotation of "a doctor's benevolent heart," discard utilitarian thinking, put patient needs first, and form a good atmosphere of "taking dedication as honor and service as responsibility." Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital summarizes and refines the hospital spirit, designs the hospital emblem and motto, builds a cultural corridor, and holds a "Cultural Festival," spreading the hospital's development stories and the growth stories of famous doctors. Normalize the selection and publicity activities of "Most Beautiful Doctor," "Excellent Physician," "Medical Ethics Model," and "Service Star," so that medical staff have role models to learn from and examples to follow, creating a strong atmosphere of "compare, learn, catch up, and surpass." At the same time, expand the practical field of ideological and political education, organize and carry out public welfare activities such as "health going to the countryside," "free clinics entering communities," and "caring for special groups," so that medical staff go out of the hospital, into communities and villages, and in the process of providing medical services to the masses, deeply cultivate feelings for the people, enhance service awareness and social responsibility; encourage medical staff to participate in emergency rescue of public health incidents, medical aid work, etc., temper their will and character in major tests, practice the mission of doctors, and truly achieve 知行合一 (zhī xíng hé yī - "knowledge and action are one," unity of knowing and doing).
Building a "big ideological and political work" work pattern for public hospitals in the new era
To improve the quality and efficiency of ideological and political work, it must rely on a systematic, complete, coordinated, efficient, and guaranteed institutional system support, forming a work pattern of unified leadership by the Party committee, coordinated linkage among departments, and participation by all staff.
First, improve the organizational leadership mechanism. Establish an ideological and political work leading group with the Party committee secretary as the main responsible person, regularly study and deploy key work. Formulate the "Annual Implementation Plan for Ideological and Political Work," clarify responsibility division, time nodes, and expected results. Incorporate ideological and political work into the hospital development plan and annual work priorities, forming a work responsibility system with coordinated promotion by functional departments. For units where ideological and political work is ineffective or major ideological problems occur, strictly pursue accountability.
Second, improve the coordination and linkage mechanism. Break down the barriers between Party and mass work, administration, and clinical work, and build a "big ideological and political work" work pattern. The Party Committee Office of Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital is responsible for overall coordination; the Party and mass departments strengthen public opinion guidance, typical publicity, and enrich staff cultural and sports activities; the discipline inspection and supervision departments strengthen supervision of medical ethics and conduct; clinical department directors and head nurses earnestly fulfill the "one post with dual responsibilities" (一岗双责), integrating ideological dynamic analysis and value guidance into morning meetings, shift handovers, and quality control meetings, further stimulating the sense of ownership of medical staff in medical services.
Third, innovate method carriers and a scientific evaluation system. Adapt to the trends of digitalization and intelligence, build a "smart ideological and political" platform integrating learning, communication, feedback, and evaluation, use big data to analyze the ideological dynamics, interest preferences, and focus of attention of staff, achieve precise推送 (push) and personalized guidance, and enhance the attractiveness and appeal of ideological and political work. Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital actively promotes interactive and experiential education methods such as scenario simulation, case review, role-playing, and immersive study. At the same time, it has established a scientific evaluation index system for the effectiveness of ideological and political work, which evaluates not only participation in political study but also medical ethics and conduct, directly linking assessment results with evaluation and selection of excellence and professional title promotion, guiding the majority of medical staff to serve the masses with enthusiasm, creating a 风清气正 (fēng qīng qì zhèng - "wind clear, air upright," a clean and upright atmosphere) medical environment, and promoting the hospital to enter a new track of high-quality development.
[The author is the Director of the Party and Mass Work Department (党群工作部) of Lanzhou Petrochemical General Hospital (Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (甘肃中医药大学第四附属医院)).]
Return to TopBy: 朱开国
When granaries are full, the world is at peace.
Dezhou is named for the Yellow River and thrives because of the Grand Canal; its farming culture has a 源远流长 (yuán yuǎn liú cháng - “source distant, flow long,” long history). During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Dezhou Granary (德州仓) was one of the four major grain transport granaries in the country, and endless grain was transported via the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to the capital region. Today, Dezhou is one of the five whole-prefecture-level-city pilot cities for high-yield grain creation in the country. Grain output has long been stable at over 15 billion jin, producing 1.1% of the country’s grain with 0.5% of its arable land. In 2025, the revenue of agricultural product processing enterprises above designated size in the city reached 117.3 billion yuan.
On June 24, 2026, General Secretary Xi Jinping came to Dezhou, Shandong, listened to a report on the “three summers” (三夏) production work, learned about wheat harvest, corn planting, agricultural material supply, and other conditions, and emphasized that “ensuring stable supply of grain and other important agricultural products is the top priority of agricultural production. We must implement various support policies for grain production, ensure the supply and stabilize prices of agricultural materials, actively promote advanced and applicable varieties, technologies, and equipment, steadily increase per-unit yield and efficiency, and strive for a bumper grain harvest throughout the year.” Dezhou continues its ambition to strive forward, transforming General Secretary Xi Jinping’s instructions into a powerful driving force for loyal responsibility and entrepreneurial endeavor, firmly shouldering the responsibility and mission of a major grain-producing city, so that a higher-level “Qilu Granary” (齐鲁粮仓) is filled with more Dezhou grain.
Green “ton-and-a-half grain” grows on the white saline-alkali land
Dezhou is located in the alluvial plain of the lower Yellow River. Historically, the Yellow River has changed course many times, forming large areas of saline-alkali and waterlogged low-lying land. In the 1960s, Dezhou had as many as 3.6 million mu of saline-alkali land. “In spring it is white and vast, in summer it is watery and vast, year after year we work in vain, only sowing but no grain,” the common people long struggled to escape the plight of having enough food and clothing.
After decades of continuous struggle, the white saline-alkali land has transformed into fertile fields. Looking back at the process of improving grain production capacity, it has mainly gone through three stages, which we call the three versions of Dezhou’s grain production.
In 1966, the state explored the comprehensive management of medium- and low-yield fields in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Under the guidance of research institutes such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou launched an 艰苦卓绝 (jiān kǔ zhuó jué - “arduous and outstanding,” extremely hard and difficult) assault on saline-alkali land management, explored the six-character comprehensive alkali control method of “wells, ditches, leveling, fertilizer, trees, and improvement,” and the “Yucheng Experience” (禹城) formed was promoted in many places across the country. In 1984, Dezhou’s average grain yield per mu across the entire prefecture-level city exceeded 1,000 jin, achieving self-sufficiency in grain with surplus, both allowing the people to eat their fill and contributing to the country. This is version 1.0.
In 2004, riding the east wind of the rural tax and fee reform policy, Dezhou took the lead in the country in proposing the construction goal of a “ton-grain city” (吨粮市). After five years of effort, it became the first prefecture-level city in the country with “per mu yield exceeding one ton of grain, total output exceeding ten billion jin.” This is version 2.0.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has issued a series of policies to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich farmers, and the enthusiasm of the vast number of farmers for grain cultivation has risen to an unprecedented level. In 2021, Dezhou took the lead in the country in exploring the construction of “ton-and-a-half grain” (吨半粮) production capacity. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) and the Shandong Provincial People’s Government signed the “Plan for Jointly Promoting the Construction of a Modern Agricultural Strong Province (2021-2025),” which clearly stated support for Dezhou City in creating a “ton-and-a-half grain” city. “Ton-and-a-half grain,” simply put, means wheat yield per mu exceeds 1,300 jin and corn yield per mu exceeds 1,700 jin. In 2024, Dezhou’s “ton-and-a-half grain” capacity plots reached 1.3 million mu, and in 2025 reached 1.58 million mu. Over five years, the “ton-and-a-half grain” leading area increased yield by an average of 84 jin per mu per year, driving the city’s total grain output to increase by over 100 million jin annually. This is version 3.0, which is currently being advanced.
From 1984 to 2004, and then to 2024, grain production capacity has taken a major step up every 20 years or so. One million mu of saline-alkali land has been built into the “Northern Shandong Granary” (鲁北粮仓), and “ton-and-a-half grain” has filled farmers’ grain bags.
Currently, Dezhou is seizing the opportunity of the state’s implementation of a new round of the 100-billion-jin grain production capacity improvement action, continuously implementing the green “ton-and-a-half grain” capacity construction project, integrating and promoting the full-chain green high-yield and high-efficiency technologies of “soil, fertilizer, water, seeds, and management,” achieving a win-win situation for bumper grain harvest and ecological protection, promoting sustainable development of modern agriculture.
To hold the rice bowl firmly requires “hard skills” (硬把式)
General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized promoting the strategy of storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology to accelerate implementation, protecting and improving comprehensive grain production capacity. Dezhou unswervingly implements the Party Central Committee’s decisions and deployments on “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers” (三农) work, adheres to the integrated efficiency enhancement of good fields, good seeds, good machinery, and good methods, and explored the “ton-and-a-half grain” model for large-area per-unit yield increase.
In 2025, Shandong encountered a historically rare autumn flood, and the sowing period of winter wheat was generally delayed by more than 20 days. This spring, the seedlings were small and weak, and in the later stage of grain filling, there were continuous overcast rains. Under the test of extreme weather, Dezhou’s total summer grain output this year was 7.891 billion jin, achieving “three increases” in per-unit yield, total output, and area, effectively verifying the “hard power” of the “ton-and-a-half grain” model in improving grain production capacity and the ability to resist natural disasters.
High-standard farmland lays a solid foundation for the construction of “ton-and-a-half grain.” Implement the good field construction project with high quality, focusing on comprehensive measures of “fields, soil, water, roads, forests, electricity, technology, and management,” realizing that farmland becomes “fields in squares, forests in networks, canals connected, roads linked, irrigable in drought, drainable in waterlogging,” making every inch of farmland become fertile soil for bumper harvests. A total of 8.322 million mu of high-standard farmland has been built, accounting for 85.2% of the total arable land. Dezhou has become a national pilot city for promoting high-standard farmland construction in entire regions. Adhere to both the protection of arable land quantity and the improvement of quality, innovate the “manage land, protect land, increase land” model. During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, the city’s net increase in arable land was 300,000 mu, firmly holding the red line for arable land protection.
The modern water network unblocks the lifeline of “ton-and-a-half grain” construction. Dezhou’s per capita water resource possession is only one-tenth of the national average. We strictly implement the “four waters and four determinations” (四水四定), comprehensively promote the whole-region water system connectivity and irrigation district modernization renovation projects. During the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, invest 28.02 billion yuan to implement more than 200 key water network construction projects such as the management of the Majia River (马颊河) and the Tuhai River (徒骇河), achieving smooth flow between rivers, dedicated connections between rivers and reservoirs, and connectivity between reservoirs. Last winter and this spring, comprehensive management of 500,000 mu of low-lying and waterlogging-prone plots was implemented, unblocking the “last meter” of irrigation and drainage. Vigorously promote integrated water and fertilizer technology, achieving water saving, fertilizer saving, labor saving, and agricultural yield increase and efficiency improvement.
Science and technology add wings to the takeoff of “ton-and-a-half grain” construction. Implement the seed industry revitalization action, improve the system of breeding, propagation, and promotion of improved seeds, vigorously select and breed improved seeds suitable for local soil and water, with stress resistance and high yield, build 4 provincial-level regional improved seed breeding bases, of which 3 have been selected as national-level wheat seed production counties. In the completed area of “ton-and-a-half grain,” the coverage rate of improved seeds and the seed coating rate both reach 100%. Focus on large-scale, standardized, refined, and intelligent agricultural machinery operations, accelerate the action of updating and replacing agricultural machinery equipment. In the completed area of “ton-and-a-half grain,” high-performance seeder sowing and drone plant protection operations are fully popularized. Establish cooperative relationships with 15 universities and research institutes, carry out joint research on key core technologies for high grain yield. Over a thousand agricultural technicians regularly go down to the fields, carrying out the “connect thousands of households, lead tens of thousands of households” action.
Socialized services weave a dense guarantee network for “ton-and-a-half grain” construction. Adhere to large-scale operation focusing on large households, cooperative operation gathering scattered households, cultivate 30,000 new-type agricultural business entities of various types. Give full play to the political and organizational functions of rural Party branches, lead the establishment of 1,692 farmer cooperatives. Build 116 modern comprehensive agricultural service centers, covering the full chain of “plowing, sowing, management, harvesting, drying, and storage,” achieve full coverage of agriculture-related townships, effectively allowing the vast number of farmers to worry less about farming and have confidence in increasing income.
In 2025, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs held a promotion meeting for large-area per-unit yield increase in the Huang-Huai-Hai region in Dezhou, and the “ton-and-a-half grain” construction model is promoted to similar production areas nationwide. On May 1 this year, the “Technical Specification for Annual Capacity Improvement of Wheat and Corn in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region” led by Dezhou was officially implemented, and local practice has been elevated to a national agricultural industry standard.
Exploring the “Dezhou Practice” of agricultural and rural modernization
General Secretary Xi Jinping entrusted Shandong with the major mission of “creating a Qilu model for rural revitalization.” During his inspection in Dezhou, Shandong, he emphasized that agricultural and rural modernization concerns the overall situation and quality of Chinese-style modernization, and solid measures must be taken to do all work well.
The Shandong Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government deeply study and apply the experience of the “Thousand-Village Demonstration, Ten-Thousand-Village Improvement” project (千万工程), exploring the path of promoting rural revitalization by zones. Dezhou, based on the reality of a major grain-producing area, adheres to Party building leadership, fully respects the will of the masses, and promotes joint industrial operation, joint governance, and shared services among villages that are geographically adjacent, industrially similar, and culturally connected according to local conditions, advancing rural revitalization in a classified, orderly, and zonal manner. As of now, a total of 104 rural revitalization zones such as green granaries and agricultural-cultural-tourism integration have been built, covering 1,173 villages, promoting a multi-win situation of strong agriculture, beautiful countryside, and wealthy farmers.
Focusing on building a high-quality agricultural product supply base for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Dezhou strengthens the “grain head, food tail” (粮头食尾) and “agriculture head, industry tail” (农头工尾), promotes the processing value addition of the entire grain industry chain, “eat every grain dry and squeeze it clean,” realizing the transformation from selling raw materials to selling products. From golden wheat ears to various functional foods, the wheat industry chain is getting longer and longer, with an annual processing capacity of 13 billion jin. Corn, after deep processing, transforms into high-value-added products such as allulose, increasing in value dozens of times, with functional sugar products occupying 70% of the domestic market and 35% of the international market. Soybean isolated protein occupies 半壁江山 (bàn bì jiāng shān - “half of the country’s territory,” a large portion or dominant share) of the national market. Products such as soybean trypsin inhibitor and medicinal active peptides have international market prices far higher than gold, achieving a magnificent transformation from “weighing by the ton” to “pricing by the gram.”
Make great efforts to do a good job on the “local specialties” article. Dezhou Braised Chicken (德州扒鸡) has grown from a canal dock flavor snack to a city business card renowned nationwide, linking together vast business opportunities in breeding, processing, and cultural tourism. Leling (乐陵) golden-thread small jujubes are processed into golden-thread jujube wine, red jujube enzymes, and other products, driving tens of thousands of jujube farmers to increase income and become wealthy. From fields to factories to markets, the “Dezhou Taste” (德州味) fragrance wafts across the country. Five batches of “Dezhou Taste” regional public brand certifications have been completed, authorizing 131 enterprises and covering nearly 200 products. As a traditional major grain-producing city, Dezhou is gathering strength to transform into a “famous food city.”
The fertile fields are silent, but cultivation never ceases. Keeping in mind that food security is a “great matter of the state,” Dezhou is willing to use its stable production and bumper harvest in one region to help build a higher-level “Qilu Granary,” and strive to write a new chapter in serving and ensuring national food security.
(The author is the Secretary of the Dezhou Municipal Party Committee.)
Return to TopBy: 张丁
"The Long March is a declaration, the Long March is a propaganda team, the Long March is a seeder." For 90 years, the Long March spirit has inspired the Chinese people to overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles and continuously achieve victory. This year marks the 90th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March. Reviewing family letters related to the Long March, revisiting the revolutionary forebears' 坚如磐石 (jiān rú pán shí - "as firm as a rock") ideals and beliefs, their heroic and fearless spirit of sacrifice, their 百折不挠 (bǎi zhé bù náo - "undeterred by repeated setbacks") strong will, and their human familial affection of missing relatives and home, each time it is moving. Behind each line of scorching words are segments of history that deserve to be forever remembered.
If the revolution does not succeed, I will not return home
In the Central Red Army Long March Departure Memorial Hall in Yudu County (于都县), Jiangxi Province, multiple family letters sent by Red Army soldiers from the battlefield are displayed, one of which was written by Li Jun (李骏). Li Jun was from Tangtou Village (塘头村), Luo'ao Town (罗坳镇), Yudu County. He joined the Party in 1926, participated in the Northern Expedition and the Nanchang Uprising, then returned to his hometown to organize peasant armed forces. He participated in the creation of the Southwest Jiangxi Soviet Area and the various counter-"encirclement and suppression" struggles in the Central Soviet Area.
In October 1934, Li Jun arrived with his troops at the banks of the Yudu River to assemble. He commanded the troops to cross the river at the Shiwei Ferry (石尾渡口), not far from his home. Because it was close to home, the division commander proactively approved him to go back and bid farewell to his family. However, for the sake of the overall situation, Li Jun politely declined and remained at his post. After all the officers and soldiers of the division had crossed the river, Li Jun then advanced with the troops to Niuling (牛岭) in Yudu County. During a break while the entire division was preparing to break through the enemy's first blockade line, he took up his pen and wrote a short letter to his wife Zhong Huaying (钟华英), who was then the head of the Women's Department of the Yudu Luo'ao District Committee, and entrusted a local cadre to deliver it. Later, this letter was passed through many hands and reached Zhong Huaying.
Wife: Huaying
I have already gone on a long expedition. When I will return home, there is no way to know. I hope my wife will respect the elders above and care for the children below, fulfilling filial piety and responsibility on my behalf. I have resolved to devote myself to the revolution, and now the revolution has not yet succeeded; I must continue to work for it. If the revolution does not succeed, I will not return home; we will meet on the day of success.
Written by Li Jun
October 1934
A few brief words, full of tenderness and ambition, fully displaying passion and responsibility. This short note of less than a hundred characters is both a farewell letter between husband and wife and a sincere revolutionary declaration. Subsequently, Li Jun followed his troops onto the perilous Long March road. On January 28, 1935, during the Battle of Qinggangpo (青杠坡) in Zunyi, Guizhou, Li Jun, then acting chief of staff of the 6th Division of the 3rd Red Army Corps, led an assault battalion charging into the enemy formation and unfortunately was hit by a bullet and died.
Ten thousand li Long March, I will not refuse
Gao Jiecheng (高捷成), a native of Zhangzhou, Fujian. During his studies at the Second Provincial Normal School, he was deeply influenced by democratic, patriotic, and progressive ideas, and actively participated in anti-imperialist patriotic activities. In his early years, he joined the National Revolutionary Army and the Northern Expedition, later left the Kuomintang army, was admitted to the Economics Department of Xiamen University, and then worked at the Zhongnan Bank in Shanghai. In the spring of 1930, Gao Jiecheng returned to his hometown Zhangzhou and worked as a cashier at the Baichuan Silver House (百川银庄) run by his uncle Gao Kaiguo (高开国). At that time, the Southern Fujian guerrilla forces were developing vigorously, but they were severely short of ammunition, weapons, and funds. He secretly took out more than 20,000 silver dollars from his uncle's silver house to support the Red Army's Southern Fujian guerrilla activities. In 1932, Gao Jiecheng went to Ruijin, Jiangxi, to work in the Soviet State Bank, established the Red Army accounting system, and joined the Chinese Communist Party. Gao Jiecheng participated in the fourth and fifth counter-"encirclement and suppression" campaigns. In October 1934, he transferred with the 15th Brigade of the Second Field Column of the Central Military Commission, participated in the Long March, and arrived in northern Shaanxi in October 1935. In December 1936, he graduated from the first session of the Anti-Japanese Red Army University. On April 10, 1937, he wrote a letter from Yan'an to his uncle Gao Kaiguo, recounting his mental journey over the six years away from home: "In these six years, I have rushed east and west, chased north and south, endured all kinds of 千辛万苦 (qiān xīn wàn kǔ - "innumerable hardships"), crossed snowy mountains and grasslands, and traveled ten thousand li on the Long March, 在所不辞 (zài suǒ bù cí - "will not refuse under any circumstances")! All for nothing other than to save the nation from peril! Where one's aspiration leads, even wind and waves cannot stop it!" After joining the revolution, Gao Jiecheng fought 南征北战 (nán zhēng běi zhàn - "fought north and south"), but always remembered the debt he owed to his uncle's silver house. In the letter, he told his uncle, "The debt of more than 20,000 yuan that I owe to Baichuan Silver House is always on my mind; with principal and interest it should now be over 30,000. When the country is saved and the nation survives, I will not be short a single cent in clearing the debt and paying the interest." This fully demonstrates his firm belief in the revolution's inevitable victory, integrating personal integrity with national righteousness, embodying the responsibility and commitment of a revolutionary.
Gao Jiecheng later went to North China with the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army. In June 1938, he served as the Organization Section Chief of the New 385th Brigade of the 129th Division. In September, he became the Director of the Southern Hebei District Tax Bureau, laying the foundation for the base area's financial and economic work. In October 1939, he served as the President of the Southern Hebei Bank (冀南银行), issuing Southern Hebei banknotes, launching the anti-Japanese financial war. On May 14, 1943, while inspecting and deploying counter-"mopping-up" and currency struggle work, Gao Jiecheng arrived at Bailujiao Village (白鹿角村) in Neiqiu County, Hebei, and was surrounded by Japanese troops. He died a heroic death for the country at the age of 34.
An old Red Army soldier retraces the Long March
In the Family Letter Museum of Renmin University, there is displayed a family letter from the old Red Army soldier Li Zhen (李真), written on January 25, 1986, to his younger brother Li Zhenqi (李振岐), a 洋洋洒洒 (yáng yáng sǎ sǎ - "voluminous and flowing") 5 pages. In the letter, he first tells his brother that he has stepped down from the leadership position of Deputy Political Commissar of the General Logistics Department, and that he very happily accepted this change. Then, using a long passage, he introduces his reflections on retracing the Long March. The letter says:
"Last October, with approval from superiors, I walked a section of the road where the Red Army had marched during the Long March. I also went to see the Shigu Ferry (石鼓渡口) where our 2nd and 6th Army Corps crossed the Jinsha River. The first big snowy mountain we crossed—the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (玉龙雪山)—was also in sight, but this time I did not climb it! Given my age and physical condition, I'm afraid I can no longer climb it. But 见景生情 (jiàn jǐng shēng qíng - "the scene stirs the memory"), on the several big snowy mountains that our 2nd and 6th Army Corps climbed, over a thousand revolutionary martyrs died. I am a survivor. Today, I can come to the place where, 48 years ago, my comrades-in-arms left this world reluctantly due to oxygen deprivation and 饥寒交迫 (jī hán jiāo pò - "suffering from hunger and cold"). How could I not be moved? These comrades died too early; they got nothing, and as for family, wives, children—at that time I'm afraid they never even thought about them. Their will, courage, and talent were all excellent, but unfortunately they were too young and lost everything."
Li Zhen was a native of Yongxin, Jiangxi, born in 1918. He dropped out of school as a teenager and became a cowherd. At age 12, he joined the Children's Corps. In 1932, before he was 14, he joined the Red Army. Because he was young, he was initially assigned as a medical orderly in a Red Army hospital, and soon transferred to the Health Section of the division headquarters as a medic. He participated in many battles, rescuing wounded soldiers. He joined the Party in January 1933. In August 1934, Li Zhen followed the 6th Red Army Corps on the Long March, leaving the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet Area. In April 1935, he served as Political Instructor of the Medical Section of the Health Department of the 6th Red Army Corps. After the 2nd and 6th Red Army Corps were redesignated as the Second Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, he was transferred to the Special Service Company of the 18th Red Division as Political Instructor. The 6th Red Army Corps, as the vanguard of the Central Red Army's Long March, fought and marched thousands of li, broke through multiple enemy blockade lines, maneuvered in the Wumeng Mountains (乌蒙大山) of western Guizhou, forced the crossing of the Wujiang River and the Jinsha River, climbed the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, passed through the Aba Grasslands (阿坝草地), and after arduous battles and marches, joined forces with the 1st Front Army at Jiangtaibao (将台堡) northeast of Huining, Gansu on October 22, 1936.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Each generation has its own Long March, each generation has its own responsibility. Building a modern socialist country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is a relay race." In the new era, we need to tell the story of the Long March well, remember the revolutionary history, inherit the spirit of the martyrs, and draw strength to forge ahead.
(The author is the Director of the Family Letter Culture Research Center of Renmin University of China.)
Return to TopBy: 金雪
There is a saying: "A biography of Gu Songfen is also half the history of China's aviation struggle." Gu Songfen (顾诵芬) was one of the founders of the New China aviation science and technology enterprise, the founder of China's aircraft aerodynamic design, and also the only academician of both the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering in China's aviation field, and the first recipient of the Aviation Industry's Lifetime Achievement Award for Serving the Country through Aviation. In 1930, Gu Songfen was born into a scholarly family in Suzhou. The name "Songfen" is taken from the phrase "sing of the splendid achievements of the world's virtues, recite the pure fragrance of the ancestors." Gu Songfen walked the path of blending the humanities and sciences throughout his life. This scientist, who spent his whole life in the company of wind tunnels, fighter jets, and mathematical equations, was always deeply infused with a gentle and enduring literary and artistic undertone in his bones.
Gu Songfen's literary and artistic enlightenment began in his youth, steeped in the family atmosphere. The Gu family was a scholarly family; the side rooms were filled with shelves of classics, calligraphy and painting were laid out on the desk, and the scent of ink and books lingered all day long. His father, Gu Tinglong, was deeply versed in Chinese classical studies and skilled in calligraphy; his mother, Pan Chenggui, was also a well-educated new-style intellectual. In such a family environment, copying calligraphy, reciting poetry and prose, and reading ancient texts became Gu Songfen's compulsory lessons in his early years. His father hoped that his youngest son would continue the family's classical studies lineage and urged him to study literature and practice calligraphy every day. Years of poetic and literary熏陶, of ink and brush immersion, had already blended traditional Chinese aesthetics, a steady temperament, and humanistic composure into his blood. This nourishment from traditional culture did not become a burden on his scientific research path; instead, it turned into an inner spiritual confidence that accompanied him through the storms of life.
The years he spent living in the Shanghai Hezhong Library (合众图书馆) as a young man were a critical stage in the expansion of Gu Songfen's literary and artistic horizons and the formation of his intellectual framework. The vast collection of popular science pictorials and biographies of Chinese and foreign figures in the library became his best companions in his spare time. Foreign-language technical journals and engineering manuals, which others found dry, had for him their own textual logic and narrative beauty; in his leisure time, he would take out his father's collections of Ming and Qing dynasty essays and landscape paintings to read quietly, balancing the intensity of science and engineering study with words and ink. His classmate Feng Jiabin once recorded this scene: Gu Songfen often soaked his feet while reading foreign-language books; a cup of hot milk and a few pages of a book were all his leisure and recreation. Long-term nourishment from texts allowed him to break free from the mindset limitations of a mere technician; when looking at engineering design, he naturally brought a layer of aesthetic and humanistic consideration.
For a long time, the public has often defined science and engineering practitioners as rational and rigid, but Gu Songfen broke this fixed label. During the decades he presided over the development of the Jian-8 at the Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute (沈阳飞机设计研究所), colleagues remembered the delicate aesthetic hidden behind the chief designer's rigorous formulas. When reviewing the aerodynamic shape design of the fighter jet, he not only checked the data and verified the wind tunnel parameters, but also offered comments from a gentle literary and artistic perspective. In his understanding, a qualified fighter jet must not only meet the hard-core indicators of aerodynamics, but also possess a coordinated, smooth, and balanced form combining strength and flexibility. Like a superior piece of writing, only with rigorous structure and coherent spirit can it achieve 形神兼备 (xíng shén jiān bèi - "form and spirit both present," having both external form and inner spirit). This unique aesthetic judgment was precisely the literary and artistic accomplishment accumulated from reading calligraphy, painting, and studying ancient texts in his youth.
Throughout his life, Gu Songfen maintained a reverence and love for the written word. Even in his later years, he still habitually wrote annotations by hand and composed articles in his own hand, rarely relying on electronic documents. On his office desk, pencils and manuscript paper were always placed; when flipping through aviation journals or historical and literary materials, he would always write down his thoughts and reflections in the margins. The dense annotations recorded his day-by-day diligent study. During the period when he presided over the compilation of dozens of sets of aviation professional series books such as Aircraft Overall Design (飞机总体设计), he not only checked professional data word by word and sentence by sentence, upholding scientific rigor, but also repeatedly polished the logic of the writing and the language expression. He demanded that professional works be both precise and professional, and also easy to understand and readable, so that young students would be willing to read them and could understand them. The millions of characters of aviation classics, every word and every sentence, condensed his ultimate pursuit of textual expression and narrative, manifesting the literary cultivation of a great scientist.
In his later years, he settled in an ordinary apartment building in Beijing, far from the hustle and bustle of the city. Gu Songfen's life still centered on reading, and literature and art became the spiritual blank space outside his busy scientific research. On weekends, he would pocket some small change and walk to the Wangfujing Foreign Language Bookstore and the Bamiancao Photocopy Bookstore to hunt for books, collecting cutting-edge aviation monographs, biographies of Chinese and foreign scientists, and literary and historical essays. At the age of 90, he still insisted on the habit of reading at his desk and reading while soaking his feet before bed. The staff around him sighed with emotion that reading was a lifelong hobby that Gu never changed. He often advised young scientific researchers not to read only professional technical books, but to read more literary and historical classics and character essays, and to be thoroughly familiar with classic texts such as Serve the People (为人民服务) and On Contradiction (矛盾论). In his educational philosophy, literary and artistic accomplishment is not an ornament outside scientific research, but the spiritual foundation that supports scientific research to go far and steady; technology without a humanistic background ultimately lacks warmth and vision.
In his later years, Gu Songfen still did not forget to pass on the family's scholarly lineage, devoting his efforts to the cultural undertakings of his hometown Suzhou. The Gu family of Weiting (唯亭) in his hometown Suzhou preserved a Song dynasty wellhead, carrying generations of family memories. He actively collected historical materials, sorted out local cultural and historical contexts, and used words to preserve the memory of Jiangnan's literary lineage. In 2019, the exhibition "Pure Fragrance That Can Be Scooped: Academician Gu Songfen of the Two Academies" (清芬可挹：两院院士顾诵芬) was held at the Suzhou Art Museum (苏州美术馆). It prominently displayed more than 90 items of manuscripts, drawings, and rubbings of Gu Tinglong and Gu Songfen, father and son, as well as precious photographs and related documentary materials, vividly demonstrating the precious family and national feelings of the Gu father and son. The drawings were the hard-core answer sheets of serving the country through aviation; the rubbings and poems were the literary and artistic roots passed down through generations. One was literature, the other science; they quietly echoed each other in the exhibition hall, completely outlining the spiritual trajectory of this scientist's lifelong coexistence of literature and science. Gu Songfen also returned to Suzhou No.1 Middle School (苏州一中) to give lectures and donate books. Facing young students, he did not only talk about the aviation research and development process, but also shared his childhood experiences of reading and copying calligraphy and studying ancient texts, telling the children that literature and science have never been opposed; literature and art nourish the horizon, rationality supports practical work, and the integration of the two can achieve a complete personality.
On November 3, 2021, at the 2020 National Science and Technology Award Conference, the 91-year-old Academician Gu Songfen received the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (国家最高科学技术奖), and General Secretary Xi Jinping presented the award to him. Facing encouragement and applause, he remained humble and self-restrained, repeatedly emphasizing that all honors belong to the fruits of the joint struggle of several generations of aviation personnel. The citation for Gu Songfen as a "Touching China" (感动中国) figure read: "Like still water flowing deep, in the still water surges the fire of serving the country; like the great image having no form, in the formlessness is deeply hidden the dream of a strong nation. With undivided attention, step by step, aiming to soar to the sky. Brandishing the long strategy, striking the vast sky, reciting the pure fragrance of the gentleman." His life, just like his name "Songfen," used rationality to forge the great vessels of the state, and used a literary heart to guard a lifetime of pure fragrance. On May 31, 2026, Academician Gu Songfen passed away in Beijing, drawing the end of a 96-year life journey. The piled-up classics on his desk, the manuscripts covered with annotations, the aircraft drawings combining strength and beauty, together with the literary lineage and poetry that flowed through his life, have all become precious spiritual wealth left for future generations.
Return to TopBy: 陈劲 王元地
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that original technologies must go from "0" to "1," and must "achieve transformation from experiments, rather than remaining at the paper stage," and further pointed out that "in the future, we must also lengthen and push forward the '1'." This important exposition profoundly reveals a key proposition in the current development of China's scientific and technological innovation: the strategic value of scientific and technological innovation depends both on whether the "1" can be produced and on whether this "1" can continue to be lengthened. The so-called lengthening the "1" does not mean simply pushing the阶段性成果 (stage-specific achievements) from the laboratory to the market, but rather driving original technologies to continuously extend along the directions of engineering, industrialization, institutionalization, and ecologization, ultimately transforming them into real productive forces and long-term competitiveness.
Lengthening the "1" is the key to breaking the breakpoints in成果转化 (achievement transformation)
For a long time, a prominent problem facing China's scientific and technological innovation has been that there are many scientific research achievements, but not enough that can truly leave the laboratory, enter the industrial system, and form sustained competitive advantage. R&D investment, papers, patents, samples, and prototypes are increasing, but some achievements stop at experimental success and fail to further cross key links such as pilot-scale maturation, engineering verification, market introduction, and system embedding. On the surface, this involves issues such as evaluation systems, benefit distribution, pilot platforms, and application scenarios, but at a deeper level, it actually reflects the long-standing disconnect between scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation: the innovation system is good at producing achievements, but not good at transforming achievements into real competitiveness in key links of the industrial chain.
In the final analysis, some innovation activities in the past were more carried out according to the logic of scientific research and the logic of projects, and did not fully consider structural factors such as engineering constraints, market constraints, institutional constraints, and ecological constraints that technology would face after entering the real industrial system. The reason why many achievements have not truly gone deep and solid (走深走实) is not because they lacked the initial breakthrough, but because after the breakthrough, they lacked the capability and mechanism to continue moving forward.
This is precisely the profound meaning of "lengthening and pushing forward the '1'." The "1" here is not a static technological point, nor a stage-specific success in the laboratory, but an innovation starting point that can continue to be extended and continuously amplified. Lengthening the "1" means that experimental success cannot be regarded as the end point of the innovation chain; technology must be driven to continue extending in the direction of engineering usability, industrial connectability, market accessibility, rule embeddability, and ecological expandability. Only in this way can original achievements truly move toward industry, integrate into industry, and upgrade industry, and the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation will have a solid foundation.
In this sense, the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation must never be simply understood as more cooperation between universities, research institutes, and enterprises, nor is it considered a task completed by putting scientific research achievements "on the shelf" or "into the park." More importantly, it is necessary to drive scientific and technological innovation from the knowledge production system to the structure formation system, truly embedding technological achievements into key positions in the industrial chain, supply chain, and value chain, making them an indispensable link in industrial operation. Integration is not mechanically splicing technology and industry together, but allowing scientific and technological innovation to continuously advance along the directions of industrial demand, engineering verification, scenario application, standard rules, and ecological coordination, ultimately transforming technological advantages into industrial advantages.
The key to deep integration lies in enabling technology to truly embed itself into the industrial system
The deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation does not depend on whether the achievement has a transformation action, but on whether the technological achievement can truly enter the industrial system, stay in the industrial system, and support the industrial system. The so-called deep integration is essentially allowing technological breakthroughs to continuously extend into the depths of the industrial chain, extending into the rule layer, the ecological layer, and the system layer. Only when technological achievements enter the real industrial system, undergo repeated verification and continuous iteration, and form the capabilities of industrial supporting, rule embedding, and value distribution, do they truly have strategic significance.
This also shows that integration is not a one-way absorption of industry by technology, nor a one-way empowerment of industry by technology, but rather the two acting together around key issues, key links, and key scenarios, driving new achievements to be verified, iterated, and amplified in the real system. Industry provides technology with real problems, application environments, and engineering constraints, while technology provides industry with new solutions, efficiency improvements, and directions for structural upgrading. Only through continuous interaction between the two can a "1" in the laboratory be lengthened into real competitiveness in the industrial system.
Why is technological breakthrough alone not enough? Because in today's international competition, what determines long-term initiative is no longer just who makes it first, but who can stabilize what has been made, expand it outward, and further embed and solidify it into the industrial system. Even if a technology successfully breaks through, if it does not further form standards, interfaces, certification systems, patent portfolios, and industrial ecosystems, this lead may only be short-term and fragile. Conversely, whoever can embed technology into standard systems, interface rules, certification mechanisms, and platform ecosystems is more likely to transform first-mover advantages into long-term advantages. This shows that innovation competition is increasingly not a competition of single technological capability, but a competition of system integration capability, collaborative advancement capability, and structure-shaping capability.
The case of polysulfonamide (芳砜纶) illustrates this well. In the 1970s, China began to tackle key problems around high-temperature resistant protective fibers. By 2002, Shanghai Textile had completed the key technology industrialization research for thousand-ton-grade polysulfonamide and applied for related patents. The product performance was not inferior to DuPont Nomex, and some indicators were even better. But the problem was that this technological breakthrough did not further rise to a systematic patent layout, rule control, and industrial ecosystem advantage. Due to only a single patent, lacking a patent family and systematic protection, DuPont later carried out a systematic patent layout around multiple upstream, midstream, and downstream links, forming patent barriers. As a result, the side that had already achieved a first-mover breakthrough instead found itself passive in the larger market competition. This case shows that technological leadership does not automatically equal industrial leadership, let alone long-term dominance. If the "1" is not continuously lengthened, it may be re-marginalized in subsequent competition.
Therefore, the key to deep integration is not just to promote technology transformation once, to land once, but to promote technology to continuously embed itself into the industrial system, rule system, and ecological system. Only by allowing technological achievements to be continuously verified, invoked, supported, and diffused in real industrial operations can scientific and technological innovation truly transform into industrial innovation, and original breakthroughs truly precipitate into national competitiveness.
Promoting deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation with closed-loop thinking
To lengthen the "1," it is necessary to drive scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation to truly form a closed loop. This closed loop is not the traditional linear "R&D-transformation-industrialization" three-stage model, but should be understood as a systematic process in which technological breakthroughs, engineering verification, standard certification, intellectual property layout, scenario application, and ecological diffusion are interconnected and mutually reinforcing. Especially in fields related to key core technologies, future industries, and national security, we cannot wait until the product is made to then make up for rules, standards, certifications, and supporting facilities; instead, we should advance simultaneously and lay out in advance, avoiding the passive situation where "the achievement is there, but cannot enter the ecosystem; the product is out, but cannot occupy the key position."
From the governance level, implementing the requirement of "lengthening and pushing forward the '1'" also requires corresponding adjustments in policy logic and evaluation logic. In the future, when measuring an original achievement, we should not only look at whether there are papers, patents, or prototypes, but also whether it has crossed the engineering threshold, whether it has entered real application scenarios, whether it has formed standards, certifications, and patent portfolios, whether it has embedded into key positions in the industrial chain, and whether it has the capability for further diffusion and sustained positioning. In other words, we must move from achievement thinking to integration thinking, from quantity thinking to structure thinking.
Especially in the fields of future industries and key core technologies, "lengthening the '1'" should be taken as an important method for organizing innovation activities. The strategic value of future industries lies not only in their technological frontiers, but also in the fact that their structures are not yet solidified, their rules are not yet finalized, and their ecosystems are still being generated. Whoever can push original achievements into real industrial scenarios earlier, and complete the layout of standards, certifications, interfaces, and platform rules earlier, is more likely to transform technological first-mover advantages into industrial first-mover advantages.
At the same time, the key role of enterprises in the integration of technology and industry should be better leveraged. Enterprises are closest to industrial problems, market constraints, and engineering needs, and they also know best what kind of technology can truly enter the production system, supply system, and competition system. Promoting enterprise-led industry-university-research-application collaboration does not weaken basic research, but rather aligns basic research earlier with key issues, key links, and key nodes in industry, enabling original breakthroughs to complete the transformation from technological possibility to industrial reality more quickly. Only in this way can the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation no longer remain a slogan, but truly transform into a practical capability that continuously generates real competitiveness.
In the final analysis, lengthening the "1" is not just about adding a few transformation links, but about driving original achievements to continuously extend into the depths of the industrial chain, rule chain, and ecological chain, transforming stage-specific technological breakthroughs into sustainable industrial advantages and strategic initiative. This is both an inherent requirement for promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and an important breakthrough that must be seized in building a strong science and technology nation. Whoever can truly lengthen the "1" in the laboratory step by step into real competitiveness in the industrial system is more likely to win the initiative in future competition and transform innovation achievements into lasting momentum for national development.
(The author is Director of the Research Center for Technological Innovation at Tsinghua University, Professor at the School of Economics and Management, and Professor at the University of Science and Technology of China.)
Return to TopBy: 郑新立
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the advantage of a major economy lies in its ability to circulate internally. The smoother the domestic circulation, the more it can form a gravitational field for global resource factors, the more conducive it is to building a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other, and the more conducive it is to forming new advantages for participating in international competition and cooperation. To promote the effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth of the economy, it is necessary to grasp the key of expanding domestic circulation, strengthen macro-control, unleash the potential for economic growth, and ensure that the goals of the 15th Five-Year Plan outline are achieved on schedule.
Outstanding Characteristics of Economic Operation in the First Half of 2026
In the first half of 2026, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, all regions and departments conscientiously implemented the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, adhered to the general principle of 稳中求进 (wěn zhōng qiú jìn - "seek progress while maintaining stability"), fully, accurately, and comprehensively implemented the new development concept, accelerated the construction of a new development pattern, strived to promote high-quality development, effectively implemented more proactive and impactful macro policies, and the economy withstood pressure and operated within a reasonable range. Production and supply grew relatively quickly, the employment situation was generally stable, prices rose moderately, foreign trade showed good growth momentum, new drivers grew rapidly, people's livelihood was effectively safeguarded, and development resilience continued to be demonstrated. Analyzing the statistical data for the first half of the year, the economic operation presents the following four outstanding characteristics.
First, new quality productive forces have become the engine of economic growth. In the first half of the year, the output of intelligent products such as 5G smartphones, 3D printing equipment, and service robots grew rapidly. New kinetic energy fields represented by high-tech manufacturing and digital product manufacturing contributed 47.9% to industrial growth. The retail penetration rate of new energy vehicles exceeded 60%. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 1.9% year-on-year. The data shows that China's economy is steadily advancing in the direction of digital-intelligent transformation and green transformation.
Second, exports have become an important driving force for economic growth. In the first half of the year, the total value of China's goods trade imports and exports was 25.47 trillion yuan, breaking the 25 trillion yuan mark for the first time in the same period in history, a year-on-year increase of 16.9%. Among them, exports grew by 13.4%, imports grew by 22.1%, and the trade surplus was 3.99 trillion yuan. The substantial growth in exports made an important contribution to overcoming the situation of insufficient domestic demand and maintaining stable economic growth. This remarkable achievement was 来之不易 (lái zhī bù yì - "it was not easy to come by," hard-won) under the circumstances of intensified external blockade and suppression. In the export structure, electromechanical products grew by 20.1%, accounting for 63.5% of China's total export value; exports of high-tech products and independent brands grew by 39.0% and 25.4% respectively; electric vehicles, lithium batteries, and wind turbine generator sets grew by 68.7%, 37.6%, and 35.6% respectively. This fully reflects the effectiveness of high-quality industrial development and the improvement of international competitiveness. In the first half of the year, the import growth rate was 8.7 percentage points higher than the export growth rate, making imports and exports more balanced. Among them, imports of electronic components grew by 45.6%, reflecting the strong demand from the development of high-end manufacturing at home.
Third, weak consumption and investment highlight insufficient domestic demand. In the first half of the year, total retail sales of consumer goods grew by 1.3% year-on-year; national fixed asset investment (excluding rural households) fell by 5.7% year-on-year. Consumption and investment are the two major engines driving economic growth. The low growth rate of consumption and the negative growth of investment are concentrated manifestations of insufficient demand. Taking practical and effective measures to implement the Party Central Committee's strategic deployment of expanding domestic demand and changing the weak state of consumption and investment is a major and urgent task facing current economic work.
Fourth, strong supply and weak demand have become a prominent issue in the aggregate supply-demand relationship. The 2025 Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that "the contradiction between strong supply and weak demand at home is prominent." This judgment 切中要害 (qiè zhòng yào hài - "strike at the vital point," hit the nail on the head). It is a new summary and new understanding of the aggregate supply-demand situation, and a correct conclusion drawn from reality. Over the more than 40 years of reform and opening up, we have built a huge and comprehensive industrial system. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, through implementing supply-side structural reform and optimizing the investment structure, the level of modernization of the industrial chain has been continuously improved. In the past, the problems and challenges faced in China's macroeconomic operation could mostly be attributed to economic fluctuations caused by the imbalance of aggregate social supply and demand. Against the background of increasing downward pressure on the economy, it is also concentratedly manifested as insufficient effective demand. It is necessary to adapt to the trend of residents' consumption shifting from being dominated by goods consumption to paying equal attention to goods and service consumption, and by leading new supply with new demand and creating new demand with new supply, further improve the adaptability and balance between supply and demand.
Strengthen Macro-Control Focusing on Increasing the Household Consumption Rate
The reasons for insufficient demand are, first, the high investment rate and the low final consumption rate over many years. Dividing the period since reform and opening up into two stages for comparison: from 1978 to 2000, the average final consumption rate was 62.8%; from 2001 to 2025, the average final consumption rate was 54.7%, a decrease of 8.1 percentage points. Second, for a long time, the proportion of per capita disposable income of residents in total national income has declined, and residents' consumption payment capacity is insufficient. This is the fundamental reason for the decline in the growth rate of residents' consumption.
Consumption is the purpose of production, and household consumption is the original driving force for investment and economic growth. The focus of reversing the situation of strong supply and weak demand should be placed on increasing the household consumption rate, with the emphasis on optimizing the environment, innovating scenarios, and reducing restrictions. It is necessary to adhere to the close integration of improving people's livelihood and promoting consumption, investing in things and investing in people, leading new supply with new demand, and creating new demand with new supply. While continuing to improve the level of material consumption of residents, attention should be paid to meeting people's spiritual and cultural consumption needs, and increasing the proportion of service consumption in residents' consumption expenditure. While cultivating digital consumption, attention must be paid to improving the level of traditional consumption. China is in a stage of upgrading from subsistence consumption to developmental and enjoyment consumption, and spending on housing, automobiles, education, medical care, tourism and other consumption is in a period of rapid growth. The potential for improved housing consumption demand is still large, especially the huge housing demand of migrant workers settling in cities. The non-registered resident population in cities should be included in the coverage of affordable housing, providing them with affordable housing, shared ownership housing, and low-rent housing. The urban real estate industry will usher in new development space. Unreasonable or "one-size-fits-all" restrictive measures in the consumption field should be abolished. If automobile consumption policies can change purchase management in some cities to use management and optimize purchase restrictions on automobiles, it will release huge purchasing power for automobiles and demand for municipal construction.
Adjust the national income distribution structure and the resident income distribution structure. Increase the proportion of residents' income, especially the income of low- and middle-income groups, gradually form an olive-shaped income distribution structure, so that the majority of residents have money to consume. It is necessary to improve the social security system so that residents dare to consume. Relax market access policies, and let go of the development of individual, private, joint-stock cooperative and other private economies. The key to increasing residents' income lies in expanding employment. The main way to expand employment is to develop the service industry. In 2025, the added value of China's tertiary industry accounted for 57.7% of GDP, but its employment share was only 49.4%. The lagging development of the tertiary industry restricts the expansion of employment scale and the increase of residents' income, among which the lagging development of producer services, public services, and inbound tourism is prominent. Producer services mainly include scientific and technological research and development, technology trade, technical services, technical training, patent royalties, etc. It is necessary to vigorously develop public service industries such as education, medical care, health care, social security, cold chain logistics, and e-commerce entering villages. It is necessary to use China's rich tourism resources, expand the scope of visa-free coverage, and attract more foreign tourists. Policies such as tax reductions and exemptions and financial support should be adopted for the development of the service industry. Idle training centers, guest houses, sanatoriums, etc. of the government, enterprises, and institutions should be promptly restructured, pushed to the market, and serve society.
Adhere to Domestic Demand-Led Development and Build a Strong Domestic Market
The key to building a new development pattern lies in achieving unimpeded economic circulation. Whether it can be achieved depends mainly on whether both the supply and demand ends have strong momentum, overall matching, dynamic balance, and benign interaction. Entering the new era, the driving force of traditional factors in China's economic development has weakened, and the contradiction between supply and demand has transformed from a "total gap" to a "structural mismatch." How to build a strong domestic market and enhance the pulling power of domestic demand on economic growth is an important task of current macroeconomic governance.
Establishing an urban-rural integrated development system can effectively expand domestic demand. Industrialization creates supply, and urbanization creates demand. Since reform and opening up, China's miracle of rapid economic development has been the result of rapid industrialization and urbanization. At present, the economic potential also exists in industrialization and urbanization. Generally speaking, urbanization lags behind industrialization, and agricultural modernization lags behind industrial modernization, which is an important cause of strong supply and weak demand. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate new industrialization, new urbanization, and comprehensive rural revitalization, comprehensively improve the level of integration of urban and rural planning, construction, and governance, implement a system of providing basic public services based on household registration at the place of habitual residence, improve the price formation mechanism for the transfer of contracted land management rights, and improve the quality acceptance system for supplementary farmland. Deepen reforms to invigorate the rural economy, solidly do a good job in confirming rights, steadily promote the empowerment of rights, orderly realize the activation of rights, increase farmers' income, especially property income, and let farmers share more of the reform dividends.
Promoting digital-intelligent transformation and green transformation will create new momentum for economic growth. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the requirement of统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革 (tǒng chóu tuī jìn jiào yù kē jì rén cái tǐ zhì jī zhì yī tǐ gǎi gé - "promoting the integrated reform of education, science and technology, and talent systems and mechanisms"), which is a new understanding of the laws of scientific and technological innovation and a major strategy for building a strong country in education, science and technology, and talent. It is necessary to base ourselves on independently cultivating innovative talents, and break through bottleneck technologies through scientific and technological innovation. Increase investment intensity in education, science and technology, and talent, and increase the contribution rate of technological progress to economic growth. Use digital-intelligent and green technologies to transform traditional industries. Accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone, and create new pillar industries. Promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, implement industrial innovation projects, and simultaneously promote the construction of innovation facilities, technology research and development, and industrial iteration and upgrading. Accelerate the cluster development of strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, aerospace, and low-altitude economy. It is necessary to前瞻布局 (qián zhān bù jú - "forward-looking layout") future industries, explore multiple technical routes, typical application scenarios, feasible business models, and market regulatory rules, and promote quantum technology, biological manufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion energy, brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence, and sixth-generation mobile communications to become new economic growth points. Future industries stand at the forefront of human scientific and technological progress. We should promptly lay out, increase investment, and achieve results as soon as possible.
The growth potential of private investment urgently needs to be activated by policies. The growth of private investment has an important impact on China's economic development. Since reform and opening up, private investment started from scratch and maintained double-digit growth for a long time. In the past two years, affected by multiple factors, private investment has declined. Faced with this situation, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed "stimulating the vitality of private investment and increasing the proportion of private investment." The implementation of the Private Economy Promotion Law provides legal protection for the development of the private economy. Once the vitality of private investment is stimulated, social capital can be transformed into more effective supply, thereby driving and creating new demand, promoting the efficiency of factor flow, and smoothing the domestic economic cycle. To stimulate the vitality of private investment, it is necessary to promote the resolution of pain points and difficulties such as financial institutions being "unwilling to lend," guarantee institutions being "unwilling to guarantee," and small and micro enterprises being "unable to obtain loans." Through loan interest subsidies for small and micro enterprises, loan interest subsidies for equipment renewal, special guarantee plans for private investment, and bond risk sharing mechanisms for private enterprises, we should provide targeted support for private investment, strive to reduce corporate financing costs and financing thresholds, and further stimulate the endogenous driving force of private enterprise development.
Transform the High Savings Rate into Strong Support for Consumption and Investment
China is in a stage of rapid development of new industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. It has a super-large market and is characterized by a high savings rate. The domestic demand market has broad space and huge potential. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The expansion of domestic demand we emphasize is not just about expanding government public expenditure. We must make effective institutional arrangements in terms of rationally guiding consumption, savings, investment, etc." The release of consumption potential is not achieved spontaneously, but depends on scientific and effective institutional arrangements to guide it, and even more so on the coordinated efforts and effective regulation of macro policies such as fiscal and monetary policies.
The savings rate is the proportion of national income not used for current consumption to GDP. High savings is an important support for China's economic development and also where the economic potential lies. However, high savings is also a 双刃剑 (shuāng rèn jiàn - "double-edged sword"). The emergence of the problem of strong supply and weak demand is both a result of high savings over many years and a driving factor for high savings. The two overlap and restrict the smooth progress of the economic virtuous cycle and social reproduction. We should use the distribution lever to transform high savings into household consumption and effective investment. Starting from increasing residents' income and raising the household consumption rate, we should transform the high savings rate into reasonable growth of consumption and investment. This requires the close cooperation, coordinated operation, and comprehensive policy implementation of the three major macro-control levers: planning, fiscal policy, and financial policy.
Combine a proactive fiscal policy with a moderately loose monetary policy organically, and use fiscal funds to guide social funds. Through fiscal interest subsidies, tax reductions, subsidies, and the issuance of corporate bonds, guide bank loans and various social funds towards the direction of combining investment in things and investment in people, and towards improving people's livelihood and building a modern industrial system. All departments should form a joint force. The planning department should support investment project proposals, the fiscal department determines the intensity of fiscal fund support, and banks independently examine the loan enterprises' ability to repay principal and interest. For the regulatory policies introduced by various departments, a third-party assessment and post-assessment of their macro policy orientation consistency should be conducted. In response to the current problem of strong supply and weak demand, as long as we conscientiously implement the various deployments of the Party Central Committee, and with the joint efforts of governments at all levels, enterprises, and the people, seize the combination point of improving people's livelihood and promoting consumption, accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, and promote the benign interaction between consumption and investment, supply and demand, the main driving force of the Chinese economy will be stronger, the anchor of stability will be more solid, and the development space will be broader.
(The author is a former deputy director of the Central Policy Research Office.)
Return to TopBy: 彭一杰
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the National Science and Technology Awards Conference, the conferences of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the 11th National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology that efforts to strengthen the building of research integrity, to rectify prominent problems in work style and academic atmosphere with stricter standards and more concrete measures, to severely punish academic misconduct, and to create a clean and upright research ecology must be intensified. The "15th Five-Year Plan" outline incorporates scientific and technological integrity into the top-level design, highlighting the important position of integrity in the science and technology governance system. In recent years, incidents of academic misconduct have occurred repeatedly, not only eroding the academic ecology and damaging the credibility of the scientific community, but also directly hindering the process of achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. The successive exposure of cases repeatedly demonstrates: research integrity is by no means a dispensable soft constraint, but a hard foundation for the stable and long-term development of science and technology. No one, regardless of what titles or honors they hold, has ever been or should ever be allowed to use them as a talisman to overstep research integrity.
At the institutional level, China has constructed a relatively complete governance framework. In 2018, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (中办) and the General Office of the State Council (国办) issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Building of Research Integrity," establishing the principle of combining prevention and punishment, and balancing self-discipline and supervision, clarifying the governance tone of "no forbidden zones, full coverage, zero tolerance," positioning universities and research institutes engaged in scientific research activities as the primary responsible entities for research integrity building and investigation and handling, and introducing rigid measures such as a one-vote veto for serious misconduct and joint punishment. Subsequently, the competent science and technology authorities, the natural science foundation management department, and the education authorities have continuously improved the integrity management of the entire process of research activities, standardized investigation and handling procedures, strengthened the disclosure of results, and improved the mechanism for identifying and handling false reports and malicious reports. It can be said that a systematic framework has been formed at the institutional level; the key lies in pressing responsibility down to specific contexts, implementing procedures in every case, and closely and thoroughly supervising the investigation and handling of typical cases.
If this is the case, why does the public still maintain a high level of attention on issues such as academic misconduct in the papers of some scientific and technological talents? This is not simply a matter of curiosity, but touches upon a deep-seated concern. When paper publication is highly bundled with talent titles, resource allocation, and academic reputation, will a few links unconsciously slide toward "publication first" while neglecting compliance? It should be acknowledged that the scale of China's research output continues to expand, and the overall level is moving from catching up to running alongside and even leading in some areas; the vast majority of researchers adhere to academic ethics and devote themselves to deep study. However, the increased intensity of competition, the tightening of evaluation cycles, and the layering of projects and titles objectively provide a hotbed for short-sighted academic behavior. To generalize individual incidents as the overall face of the scientific and technological community is clearly biased; but to dismiss all doubts as malicious slander will also erode the constructive function of social supervision and peer self-reflection. A more rational attitude is that whether an individual case is accidental is not the key; the key is whether the public and the academic community can form a stable expectation from this — whenever there is a problem, an investigation must be initiated; whenever an investigation confirms the facts, it must be dealt with seriously; whenever a handling decision is made, it must be open and transparent. Only in this way can a certain deterrent effect be formed, so that academic misconduct or irregularities dare not be so 明目张胆 (míng mù zhāng dǎn - "open one's eyes, stretch one's gall," to act brazenly and openly).
It is commendable that when academic misconduct issues arise, relevant institutions have responded in a timely manner, conducted investigations in accordance with regulations, and disclosed information appropriately within the scope of their authority. This is not only a respect for the legitimate rights and interests of the parties involved, but also a response to public concern, and moreover a solemn declaration of a culture of integrity. This fully demonstrates that only when the primary responsible entity takes real action and shows real results will the system not become a dead letter on paper.
Looking to the future, the building of research integrity must be continuously deepened through the simultaneous promotion of "breaking" and "establishing," so as to compress the space for breeding academic misconduct.
"Breaking" must be resolute — continuously rectify the undesirable orientation of "paper-only, hat-only, title-only, award-only (唯论文、唯帽子、唯职称、唯奖项)," abandon the evaluation inertia that simply equates the number of top journal publications with academic level and directly converts talent titles into resources, and compress the space for rent-seeking by power.
"Establishing" must be solid — accelerate the construction of a diversified evaluation system oriented toward innovation ability, quality, effectiveness, and contribution; implement long-cycle evaluation, representative works evaluation, and major task-oriented evaluation; strengthen the management of original data, experimental records, and full-process traceability; embed peer review, ethics review, and paper verification into daily governance; at the same time, distinguish between correctable honest errors and subjective fabrication and falsification of academic misconduct, both tolerating failures in exploration and adhering to the red line that cannot be crossed. In addition, rational and evidence-based supervision should be encouraged, and false accusations should be handled according to laws and regulations, avoiding the harm to scientists' legitimate rights and interests caused by "judgment before trial" style condemnation in the public opinion arena — this is the maturity that a high-level academic community should possess.
For the vast number of researchers, honorary titles such as academician and Distinguished Young Scholar (杰青) are not only important milestones in an academic career, but also carry a heavy burden of public trust. The higher the title attached to the honor, the greater the responsibility, and the more one must 以身作则 (yǐ shēn zuò zé - "use oneself as an example," to set an example by one's own conduct) to maintain academic atmosphere; the higher the platform one is on, the more one should actively accept stricter scrutiny that is comparable, auditable, and verifiable. Young scholars, in particular, must fasten the "first button" of their academic career; true competitiveness comes from reproducible innovation and evidence that can withstand repeated verification, not short-term exposure. For management departments and employers, it is necessary to fully reflect the weight of integrity in job appointments, fund allocation, and team building, so that those who keep integrity benefit and those who lose integrity are restricted, and the "one-vote veto" is truly embedded in every specific case and every key link.
There are no shortcuts in scientific and technological innovation, and there is no room for arbitrary flexibility in integrity. Only by strengthening the building of research integrity and implementing it in detail into every unit's handling notice, every academic committee review, and every detail of evaluation reform, can research integrity transform from an external mandatory constraint into an internal conscious compliance for every researcher. When integrity becomes the foundation of every scientific and technological worker's standing, then the high-quality development and high-level self-reliance and self-strengthening of China's science and technology can have the most solid and reliable foundation.
(The author is a Zhicheng Distinguished Professor at Nanjing University and Dean of the Institute of Complex Systems Management)
Return to TopBy: 胡军
A climate-resilient society refers to a social form that possesses good adaptive capacity and resilience in the face of unavoidable climate risks, can minimize exposure and vulnerability, and achieve harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. China's vast territory, complex geography, and diverse climate make it a sensitive area and a significantly affected region of global climate change, with frequent and multiple natural disasters. Deeply advancing the construction of a climate-resilient society is an important measure to actively respond to the long-term adverse impacts and sudden extreme events brought about by climate change.
Significance
Building a climate-resilient society is an inevitable requirement for China to implement its national strategy of actively responding to climate change. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "China integrates climate change response into its national economic and social development medium- and long-term planning, and insists on placing equal emphasis on climate change mitigation and adaptation." "Mitigation" focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing carbon sinks through adjustments in energy and industrial structures, so as to slow the rate of climate change. "Adaptation" focuses on strengthening risk identification and management in natural ecosystems and economic and social systems, and through adjustment actions that seek benefits and avoid harms, reducing the adverse impacts of climate change. It should be clearly recognized that even if carbon peak and carbon neutrality are achieved in the future, the climate risks that have already occurred will not be immediately eliminated, and potential risks will continue to accumulate over a certain period. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of a climate-resilient society to provide a stable climate experience foundation for steadily advancing carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
Building a climate-resilient society is an inherent requirement for firmly guarding the safety bottom line of building a Beautiful China. Climate security is an important foundation of ecological security, and ecological security is a significant area covered by the holistic approach to national security. In the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful China," effectively addressing the adverse impacts and risks brought by climate change and vigorously enhancing the capacity to adapt to climate change are listed as key tasks for firmly guarding the safety bottom line of building a Beautiful China. The document also clearly sets the medium- and long-term goal of basically building a climate-resilient society by 2035, fully highlighting the foundational and safeguarding position of climate-resilient society construction in the overall work of a Beautiful China.
Building a climate-resilient society is the core support for统筹发展和安全 (tǒngchóu fāzhǎn hé ānquán - "coordinate development and security") and comprehensively enhancing the climate resilience of the economic and social system. Currently, climate change has a severe impact on the stable operation of key areas such as energy supply, food security, water resource security, stability of industrial and supply chains, and public health protection. Building a climate-resilient society is an institutional arrangement that systematically integrates climate risk prevention and control into the overall economic and social development. It is a vivid practice of embedding the concept of climate change adaptation throughout all fields and the entire process of territorial spatial planning, industrial layout, and urban-rural construction. It is also an important lever for deeply tapping the potential of green development, cultivating new business forms of climate-resilient economy, and shaping new drivers of economic growth.
Building a climate-resilient society is a powerful action by China to demonstrate its responsibility as a major country and contribute Chinese solutions to global climate governance. Currently, global climate governance has entered a critical period. China, with an attitude of being responsible to history and the world, based on its own development reality, has forward-looking planning and systematically promotes the construction of a climate-resilient society. This is not only an important measure to implement the Paris Agreement and fulfill the responsibility of global climate governance, but will also provide Chinese solutions for global climate change adaptation actions, and continuously inject stable momentum and Chinese strength into building a fair, reasonable, and win-win global climate governance system.
Basic Principles
Adhere to harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. A climate-resilient society is a concrete practice of actively coordinating the relationship between humanity and nature. In terms of ideology, the construction of a climate-resilient society must take the initiative to adapt, fully recognize the importance and urgency of strengthening climate change adaptation actions, invest actively and act proactively, utilize favorable factors and guard against unfavorable factors, and maximize adaptation actions that seek benefits and avoid harms. In terms of action, adhere to prevention first, establish bottom-line thinking, enhance the climate resilience of natural ecosystems and economic and social systems, and strive to prevent and mitigate the adverse impacts and risks of climate change. In terms of pathway, prioritize nature-based solutions, and through strengthening ecosystem protection, restoration, and sustainable management, effectively leverage ecosystem service functions and enhance comprehensive climate change adaptation capacity.
Adhere to putting the people first. The foundation of building a climate-resilient society is people-centered, with ensuring people's life safety and enhancing people's sense of well-being as the starting point and ultimate goal. From the dimension of social equity, a climate-resilient society pays high attention to the differentiated needs of climate-vulnerable regions and special groups, fills the shortcomings of risk prevention and control through targeted policies, enhances their capacity to adapt to climate change, strives to narrow the risk exposure differences between groups, and ensures that the achievements of climate governance are shared by all and are fair and inclusive. From the dimension of intergenerational development, a climate-resilient society not only directly addresses the urgent practical needs of emergency prevention and control of extreme weather, but also adheres to intergenerational equity, takes responsibility for the long-term development of future generations, and promotes the intergenerational transmission of climate adaptation capacity.
Adhere to systematic governance. Climate impacts are widespread, and climate governance is a complex systematic project. The construction of a climate-resilient society must be based on the overall situation and adhere to the scientific method of systematic governance. This is also an important guarantee for the basic completion of a climate-resilient society, specifically embodied in three major modern governance capabilities. The first is intelligent risk perception capability. Relying on modern scientific and technological means such as a space-air-ground integrated ecological environment monitoring network, high-precision climate simulation models, and artificial intelligence early warning and judgment, achieve accurate identification, dynamic tracking, and scientific prediction of climate risks, and enhance precise governance capability. The second is systematic collaborative response capability. Break down regional administrative barriers and sectoral divisions, coordinate climate adaptation strategic plans and work deployments at all levels and departments, and effectively address problems such as fragmented governance and policy disconnection with an overall governance pattern of "the whole country is a single chessboard" and a collaborative linkage work system. The third is resilient rapid recovery capability. In the face of extreme climate disaster impacts, be able to restore normal production and living order in the shortest time and at the lowest socio-economic cost, and achieve system quality improvement and upgrading in post-disaster repair and reconstruction, continuously enhancing the overall risk resilience of society.
Pathways for Advancement
First, comprehensively and deeply integrate climate change adaptation into the overall strategic layout of national security and economic and social development. Taking the promulgation and implementation of the "Ecological Environment Code of the People's Republic of China" as an opportunity, accelerate the legislative process specifically for addressing climate change, incorporate adaptation to climate change as a core content into the legislative framework, promote the introduction of regulations on climate change adaptation at an appropriate time, and establish a ten-year rolling update mechanism for the national strategy on climate change adaptation. Establish the strategic position of climate change adaptation in national economic and social development, promote the inclusion of climate security in the holistic approach to national security, and integrate climate change adaptation work into relevant plans such as territorial spatial planning, urban-rural construction planning, and water supply planning, providing solid guarantees for maintaining national security, preventing and responding to extreme weather and climate events, promoting high-quality development, and building a Beautiful China.
Second, strengthen overall coordination and systematically advance climate change adaptation work. Make climate change adaptation an important agenda item of the National Leading Group on Climate Change and Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, and coordinate the resolution of cross-departmental major issues. Formulate a responsibility list for climate change adaptation, clarifying core functions and departmental responsibilities. Accelerate the establishment of supporting systems such as regular consultation, information sharing, and assessment and evaluation, improve the work闭环 (bìhuán - "closed loop") of "climate observation and prediction—risk assessment—adaptation action—effectiveness feedback—optimization and improvement," and accelerate the formulation of an evaluation indicator system for a climate-resilient society. Establish a national expert committee on climate change adaptation to strengthen decision-making consultation and technical support.
Third, focus on key areas and implement precise adaptation actions. Based on the overall situation and coordinated advancement, with precise risk identification as the premise, with zoning and classification precise policy implementation as the pathway, and with collaborative linkage precise governance as the guarantee, promote the transformation of climate change adaptation actions from passive response to active deployment, and from single-point breakthroughs to a governance system upgrade of systematic integration and precise force. Increase the intensity of adaptation actions in key areas such as urban-rural construction, agricultural production, and infrastructure, and in key regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Strengthen early warning platform construction through multiple channels, and enhance the capacity to prevent and respond to extreme weather and climate events. Deepen the application of nature-based solutions, enhance the ecological functions and synergistic benefits of land greening, sponge cities, and coastal zone restoration, and accelerate the construction of major projects for climate change adaptation in key areas.
Fourth, consolidate foundational support and strengthen the guarantee system. Strengthen basic research on climate change adaptation, relying on national major science and technology projects and national key research and development programs, to enhance basic research on climate change impact mechanisms, risk identification, prediction and early warning, detection and attribution, etc. Improve funding guarantees, establish a separate special project for climate change adaptation within the special fund for ecological environment science and technology, and promote the addition of corresponding special items in the central fiscal budget. Broaden diversified funding channels, establish a special fund for catastrophe insurance, promote innovative tools such as catastrophe bonds, strengthen reinsurance empowerment, and support reinsurance institutions in participating in climate risk quantification and stress testing. Strengthen social publicity and guidance, and promote the integration of adaptation knowledge and capacity building into the cadre education system and the national education system.
Fifth, continuously deepen international exchanges and cooperation, demonstrating the firm responsibility of a responsible major country. Strengthen the leading role under the main channels of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement, deeply participate in the rule-making of global adaptation issues, and promote the construction of a fair, reasonable, and win-win global climate governance system. Effectively play the leading role of a major developing country, actively strive for international support such as technology and funding for other developing countries, and enhance their representation and voice in the global adaptation process. Relying on the "Belt and Road" South-South Cooperation Plan on Climate Change, promote China's mature experience and standards in areas such as climate-resilient infrastructure and early warning systems according to local conditions, and precisely enhance the climate adaptation capacity of partner countries.
(The author is the Director of the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization)
Return to TopBy: 张志卫
The ocean is a strategic area for high-quality development, and marine ecological protection and restoration is an important component of the process of building a Beautiful China and a maritime power. At present, China has made positive progress in marine ecological protection and restoration, but facing the dual pressures of high-intensity development and global climate change, the effectiveness of governance is not yet stable, and the restoration tasks remain arduous. It is urgent to forge a path of marine ecological protection and restoration that conforms to the laws of nature and China's national conditions.
Current Status of China's Marine Ecological Protection and Restoration Work
In recent years, under the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, China has adhered to land-sea coordination and river-sea linkage, continuously increasing efforts in marine ecological protection and restoration, and the overall function of marine ecosystems has steadily recovered. At the same time, current marine ecological restoration work still has shortcomings and weaknesses, facing structural and root-cause challenges. First, the difficulty of resolving historical ecological debts is relatively high; the restoration cycle for ecological damage left over from past extensive development, reclamation, and other activities is long and difficult, and the ecological stability and self-repair capacity of some sea areas are weak, making problems prone to rebound. Second, the effectiveness of land-sea coordinated governance is insufficient; cross-regional and cross-departmental joint prevention and control mechanisms are not well-developed, there are blockages in the land-sea integrated governance system, and the problem of fragmentation urgently needs to be resolved. Third, the level of scientific and refined restoration needs improvement; some projects emphasize engineering over long-term effectiveness, and mechanisms for multi-source investment and long-term management and protection are not sound. Fourth, the coordination between ecological protection and economic development is insufficient; the integration of some marine ecological protection and restoration with traditional coastal industries is lacking, and there are still blockages in the value transformation of ecological products. Fifth, external risk pressures continue to accumulate; climate change and profound adjustments in global ocean governance rules have set higher standards and stricter requirements for the protection and restoration of marine ecosystems.
Basic Ideas for Marine Ecological Protection and Restoration
Adhere to the development concept of prioritizing ecology and achieving harmony between humans and the sea. For a long time, some regions have emphasized development over protection and utilization over restoration, and problems such as shrinkage of coastal wetlands, degradation of shorelines, and damage to habitats remain prominent. It is necessary to resolutely hold the red line for ecological protection, the bottom line for environmental quality, and the upper limit for resource utilization, support high-quality development with high-level protection, and achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and the sea while safeguarding the blue seas and silver beaches.
Adhere to the scientific method of systematic governance and 久久为功 (jiǔ jiǔ wéi gōng - "persist for a long time to achieve success," sustained and persistent effort). Marine ecosystems have systemic and holistic characteristics; the causes of problems are complex and highly interrelated, making fragmented governance difficult to cure fundamentally. It is necessary to establish a holistic governance mindset, coordinate the integrated restoration of river basins, coasts, and offshore areas, build a large pattern of protection and governance from mountaintops to the ocean, both intensively address prominent problems and respect natural laws to promote natural recovery, and steadily improve ecological quality through normalized and long-term governance.
Adhere to the mission and responsibility of strategic leadership and intergenerational inheritance. Marine ecological security concerns national security and the sustainable development of the nation. It is necessary to raise political awareness, strengthen bottom-line thinking, strictly control development intensity, conserve and intensively utilize marine resources, continuously consolidate the blue ecological barrier, and truly protect and pass on the ocean, this "blue territory."
Creating a Systematic Pattern for Marine Ecological Protection and Restoration
Uphold the purpose of serving the people and practice the livelihood orientation of marine ecological restoration. A good marine ecological environment is the most inclusive public welfare for people's livelihoods. Systematically promote the restoration of coastal vegetation, the management of eroded shorelines, and the restoration of degraded wetlands, organically combine engineering protection with ecological protection, effectively enhance the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of the coastal zone, and build a solid coastal safety barrier. Implement bay dredging and ecological transformation of seawalls, effectively improve the water quality of nearshore waters and coastal landscapes, achieve the return of the sea to the people and the return of the shore to the people, effectively enhance the sense of gain and happiness of coastal residents, and optimize the supply of coastal ecological environment for people's livelihoods. Based on excellent marine ecological endowments, actively advocate the integrated development of "ecological restoration + ecological industry," establish and improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products, take promoting the value realization of ecological products as the key, broaden the transformation path of "two mountains" (lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets), and help the masses increase income and become prosperous.
Adhere to land-sea coordination and build an integrated systematic governance pattern. Deepen the pollution control mechanism of land-sea coordination; when planning marine ecological protection and restoration projects, explore "simultaneous design and simultaneous planning" with projects such as river pollution control, urban and rural sewage treatment, and aquaculture tailwater treatment, or take land-based pollution control as a prerequisite for ecological restoration projects, reducing pollutants entering the sea from the source. Improve cross-regional ecological protection and restoration coordination mechanisms; for cross-administrative bay areas, adopt "one bay, one policy" to collaboratively promote nearshore sea area pollution prevention, ecological protection and restoration, shoreline environment remediation, coastal zone ecological disaster reduction, etc.; in accordance with the principle of "who benefits, who compensates; who pollutes, who pays," strengthen the protection and restoration of natural shorelines, coastal wetlands, islands, important marine ecological corridors, and typical marine ecosystems; explore the establishment of cross-administrative integrated mechanisms such as joint funding, joint monitoring, and collaborative assessment, promoting the transformation of bay ecological protection and restoration from "each fighting on its own" to "collaborative co-governance."
Strengthen technological empowerment and enhance the scientific level of marine ecological restoration. Take the new round of comprehensive marine surveys as an opportunity to increase the intensity of investigation and monitoring of the current status of marine ecosystems, systematically assess shoreline stability, habitat diversity, and ecosystem service functions, providing strong support for the layout of marine ecological restoration. Based on the natural endowments and ecological problems of different sea areas and shoreline segments, promote differentiated governance according to local conditions, and solve restoration difficulties through technological innovation. For example, Dongying City in Shandong Province and Qinzhou City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region respectively used discarded oyster shells to construct ecological protection belts, achieving waste resource utilization and beach stabilization. Actively promote nature-based solutions; take the opportunity of building a "single map" for natural resource management and territorial space planning to accelerate the improvement and promotion of marine ecological restoration application scenarios, amplifying the benefits of implementing marine ecological restoration.
Deepen joint management by all parties and improve the multi-stakeholder collaborative co-governance work system. Establish and improve a diversified investment mechanism guided by the government, operated by the market, and participated in by society. Clarify the key areas and implementation paths for social capital to participate in marine ecological protection and restoration, encourage the adoption of resource-oriented sustainable utilization models, and participate in a standardized and orderly manner through independent investment, government-social capital cooperation, responsible entities fulfilling restoration obligations, and public participation. Strengthen the coordination and linkage of departments such as sea area management and ecological restoration, explore the establishment of a marine ecological protection compensation fund, and establish a centralized ecological restoration mechanism for small projects. In response to the practical difficulties of strong public welfare attributes of ecological restoration projects and unclear return mechanisms for social capital, explore the establishment of a phased project implementation mechanism. Phase One: Ecological restoration period (dominated by fiscal funds), mainly using central or local fiscal funds to focus on completing basic, public welfare ecological restoration tasks. Phase Two: Ecological function enhancement and operation management period (dominated by social capital and financial instruments); after the ecological structure is basically stable, introduce social capital for functional enhancement and sustainable operation. Under the premise of complying with ecological red lines and protected area control requirements, allow moderate development of business activities compatible with restoration goals, such as ecotourism, ecological aquaculture, science education, and blue carbon development, achieving an organic unity of ecological and economic benefits.
Based on global governance, fulfill the responsibility of a major country in practicing the concept of a maritime community with a shared future. Actively respond to international initiatives such as the United Nations "Decade on Ecosystem Restoration" and "Ocean Decade," systematically summarize China's mature experience in blue bay governance, coastal zone ecological restoration, and harmonious and beautiful island construction, form a batch of replicable and promotable governance models, and provide practical references for global marine ecological protection. Deepen pragmatic cooperation with countries along the Maritime Silk Road in areas such as joint marine ecological monitoring, pollution joint prevention and control based on large marine ecosystems, and coastal zone ecological restoration, promote mutual learning and sharing of governance technologies and regulatory experience, and help enhance marine ecological governance capacity. Relying on the practical achievements of China's marine ecological governance, actively participate in the discussion and formulation of international marine standards, blue carbon trading rules, ecological damage compensation mechanisms, and other systems, promoting a more fair, reasonable, inclusive, and beneficial global ocean governance system.
(The author is the Director of the Coastal Zone Science and Marine Development Strategy Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources)
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The Measures for Assessing the Effectiveness of Building a Beautiful China (美丽中国建设成效考核办法) (hereinafter referred to as the "Assessment Measures"), issued by the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council, is a key institutional document formulated based on the overall situation of comprehensively advancing the construction of a Beautiful China. As an important supporting system linking the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Advancing the Construction of a Beautiful China," the Assessment Measures constructs an assessment and evaluation system with clear powers and responsibilities, simultaneous rewards and punishments, and integration of assessment and application. It not only sets up the baton for ecological civilization construction but also establishes the weather vane for green and high-quality development, providing a solid institutional guarantee for continuously polishing the background of lucid waters and lush mountains and consolidating the foundation for sustainable development.
The iterative upgrade from special攻坚战 to comprehensive regional assessment reflects the dialectical unity of high-level protection and high-quality development. Compared with previous special assessments focusing on rectifying prominent environmental problems, the Assessment Measures achieves a comprehensive upgrade in assessment scope, dimensions, and objectives, completing the transformation from periodic special攻坚战 assessment to comprehensive regional assessment. The evaluation perspective extends from single pollution control to comprehensive judgment of coordinated development of ecology, production, and living. The issuance of this measure is by no means a simple addition of an assessment task; rather, it uses assessment as a link to open up the internal connections between top-level design and grassroots practice, ecological protection and economic development, short-term governance and long-term construction, guiding all localities to consistently implement the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets (绿水青山就是金山银山) throughout the entire process of economic and social development, truly achieving protection in development and development in protection, and promoting the simultaneous improvement and organic unity of ecological, economic, and social benefits.
Adhere to a systematic approach and build a full-chain assessment framework. Building a Beautiful China is a systematic project. The most distinctive feature of the Assessment Measures is its adherence to a systematic approach, breaking the limitations of fragmented departmental divisions and isolated fields, and based on the integrity of the ecosystem, the synergy of governance, and the wholeness of objectives, constructing a comprehensive, multi-level, fully closed-loop assessment framework, achieving full coverage of assessment content, full integration of assessment logic, and no breakpoints in the assessment chain.
Clarify five core dimensions to form a complete logical chain. First, the implementation of responsibilities for building a Beautiful China. It takes the joint responsibility of the Party and government, dual responsibility for one's post, and supervision and rectification as the primary assessment content, firmly grasping the key subject of local Party committees and governments, effectively solving problems such as "hot at the top, warm in the middle, cold at the bottom" and the gradual weakening of responsibility transmission, and consolidating the political responsibility for ecological environmental protection from the institutional level. Second, the completion of annual main objectives for building a Beautiful China. It sets quantitative indicators around the five core areas of atmosphere, water and oceans, soil, solid waste, and ecological quality, undertaking the established objectives of the battles to defend blue skies, clear waters, and clean soil, using hard indicators that are monitorable, quantifiable, and comparable to test the actual effectiveness of ecological environment improvement, and firmly guard the bottom line of ecological environment security. Third, the completion of annual key tasks for building a Beautiful China. It includes green and low-carbon transformation, pollution control, ecosystem diversity, and ecological environment security into the assessment scope, promoting the deep integration of ecological governance with industrial transformation, security assurance, and sustainable development. Fourth, the performance of fund utilization. It strictly examines the quality and efficiency of the use of fiscal funds for ecological environmental protection, resolutely rectifies problems such as idle funds and low-efficiency investment, and ensures that every penny of ecological protection funds is used where it is most needed. Fifth, the degree of public satisfaction. It takes the intuitive feelings of the masses and livelihood evaluations as important judgment criteria, and uses the people's expectations for fresh air, clean water sources, and livable environments as important yardsticks to measure work effectiveness. The five dimensions not only target the solution of current prominent ecological and environmental problems but also look to the long term to consolidate the foundation for building a Beautiful China; they assess both the work attitude of "whether it was done" and evaluate the actual effectiveness of "whether it was done well," making the assessment and evaluation more comprehensive, objective, and precise.
The full release of the effectiveness of the Assessment Measures lies in implementation, with the key being execution. Only by focusing on the assessment requirements to grasp implementation and execution, to grasp the兑现 of rewards and punishments, and to grasp normal advancement, can the institutional advantages be truly transformed into tangible ecological results and people's livelihood benefits, and step by step consolidate the ecological foundation for building a Beautiful China.
Rigid execution and rewarding the good and punishing the bad work in both directions. The rigidity of the system lies in the seriousness of execution. Strictly conducting assessments and making good use of assessment results in accordance with regulations is the starting point for policy implementation. In the implementation process, all localities should strictly adhere to the bottom line of work, strictly enforce the red line of assessment discipline, and maintain zero tolerance for violations such as data falsification, concealment and false reporting, and forgery of materials. Whenever such cases are discovered, accountability is pursued, resolutely upholding the authority and credibility of the assessment system. In the application of results, key considerations should be given in areas such as cadre assessment and appointment, fund allocation, and policy pilot projects; those assessed as "unqualified" should be required to rectify within a time limit, and if rectification is not in place, interviews and accountability should be conducted, transmitting responsibility pressure layer by layer. Use a mechanism of clear rewards and punishments to force responsibility implementation and incentivize responsible action.
Implement according to local conditions, and promote the implementation and quality improvement of the assessment through classified measures. China has a vast territory, and different regions have different ecological endowments, industrial structures, and development patterns. In implementing the assessment, on the basis of adhering to basic requirements, we must focus on key areas and problem shortcomings, effectively put an end to past practices such as "one-size-fits-all" or "flood irrigation," and even more so, we must not add layers of requirements that increase the burden on grassroots units; we must proceed from regional realities, classify and advance, and implement precisely. Ecological protection areas should focus on ecological restoration and biodiversity protection to build a solid ecological security barrier; industrial concentration areas should focus on pollution prevention and control, and make every effort to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of industries; upstream and downstream river basins and cross-regional areas should strengthen joint assessment and coordinated governance, and work together to solve complex environmental problems. The process of classified implementation is also a process of making up for governance shortcomings and amplifying ecological advantages. Refine the assessment indicators into specific measures that can be operated and implemented locally, decompose the assessment requirements to departments, implement them to positions, and quantify them to time limits, ensuring that every assessment content has corresponding promotion measures and every work task has a clear promotion node.
Based on normal and long-term governance, reshape regional development logic with the orientation of assessment. Ecological governance is not a one-time effort; the construction of a Beautiful China values 久久为功 (jiǔ jiǔ wéi gōng - "persist for a long time to achieve success," enduring and sustained effort) and normal and long-term effectiveness. The core of promoting the transformation of the governance model from periodic攻坚战 to long-term governance is to rely on institutionalized, periodic, and standardized assessment arrangements to build a full-process supervision chain, solve the inertia of periodic攻坚战 and突击式 governance, promote the integration of ecological supervision into daily work and regular practice, and ensure that various ecological and environmental protection policies do not hang in the air, do not deviate, and do not rebound. Establish a comprehensive development evaluation system that prioritizes ecology, emphasizes both quality and efficiency, and takes people's livelihood as the foundation, deeply cultivate the development path of industrial ecologization and ecological industrialization based on regional resource endowments, and promote the transformation of protecting lucid waters and lush mountains from an external assessment requirement to an internal consciousness of local high-quality development.
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