Summary: The article reviews China's high-quality development achievements during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period (2021–2025), citing GDP growth to 140.2 trillion yuan, innovation gains, green transition progress, and expanded opening-up. It details how the statistics department has built a comprehensive statistical system—covering standards, indicators, survey methods, national accounts, data quality management, and supervision—to support high-quality development. The piece highlights the establishment of a statistical supervision system as part of the broader Party-state oversight framework. It also outlines priorities for the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, including deepening statistical reforms, advancing digital and intelligent transformation, and strengthening legal compliance to prevent data falsification. Overall, the article emphasizes the role of statistical modernization in serving national strategy and the Chinese path to modernization.
Summary: The article, authored by a Fujian Party School official, expounds Xi Jinping’s thought on party building as a mature theoretical system answering how to build a long-term Marxist governing party. It highlights four attributes: scientific in grasping communist governance laws, systematic in its “Fourteen Perseverances” framework, independent in original concepts like “full and rigorous party self-governance,” and open in evolving with practice. The thought integrates Marxist party-building theory, Chinese traditional culture, and lessons from the Party’s century-long self-building, especially comprehensive strict party governance since the 18th CPC National Congress. It positions this thought as fundamental guidance for the Party’s new great project and a contribution to an autonomous Chinese knowledge system of party history and party building.
Summary: President Xi Jinping, speaking at a symposium on strengthening basic research, emphasized that China must improve category-based evaluation systems suited to the characteristics of basic research, enhance researchers’ working and living conditions, and foster an open, inclusive environment that tolerates failure. He stressed that basic research is the source of scientific innovation and that breakthrough discoveries often arise from long-term, uncertain exploration, requiring patience and diverse evaluation criteria rather than simplistic quantitative metrics. The article also calls for flexible project management, long-cycle funding mechanisms, and institutional safeguards to allow researchers to pursue original work without frequent assessments or pressure for quick results. These measures are framed as essential to building a robust innovation ecosystem and achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance in China.
Summary: The article outlines the principles for unwaveringly advancing full and strict Party governance, emphasizing the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, including Xi Jinping’s thought on Party building. It stresses upholding the Party’s centralized unified leadership, enhancing long-term governance capacity, and maintaining the Party’s advanced nature and close ties with the people. The text calls for a strict tone, a comprehensive system for Party self-governance, and political construction as the统领 to promote all aspects of Party building. It aims to ensure the Party remains a vibrant Marxist ruling party and the strong leadership core for socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Summary: <b style="color:red">[Summary Error - Empty Input]</b>
Summary: A Zhejiang University official writes that Xi Jinping’s Global Governance Initiative offers a Chinese solution to the structural imbalances and governance deficits in the current global system. The article highlights the initiative’s core “five priorities” and says it has won support from nearly 160 countries and international organizations, with over 60 joining the “Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations.” It emphasizes sovereign equality, true multilateralism, people-centered development, adherence to international law, and practical cooperation, including capacity-building for Global South countries. The piece presents the initiative as a way to strengthen international consensus and governance effectiveness, without addressing U.S.-China relations.
Summary: This analysis examines language policy reforms in five Central Asian states since independence, highlighting efforts to establish national languages, reduce Russian dominance, and adopt Latin scripts. The reforms have intensified recently with stricter de-Russification, standardized Latinization, and expanded foreign language education including English, Chinese, and Turkish. These policies aim to consolidate national identity, manage multiethnic societies, and enhance geopolitical autonomy from Russia. The article argues they have reshaped regional dynamics by creating a counterbalance to Russian influence, deepening ties with Turkey, and facilitating engagement with China's Belt and Road Initiative. The author, a Russian department chair at Xinjiang University, concludes these changes bolster Central Asia's international standing and diversification.
Summary: Japan’s 2026 revision of its defense equipment transfer principles fully lifted restrictions on lethal arms exports, opening institutional gaps for the proliferation of dual-use biotechnologies and related biological equipment. The article highlights Japan’s deepening securitization, digitalization, and geostrategic orientation of biotech development—including a U.S.-Japan agreement designating biotech as a core strategic frontier and cooperation via the Quad—aiming to bolster national security, reclaim competitive advantage, and support the Indo-Pacific strategy. It argues these shifts risk undermining regional biosecurity governance, heightening risks of accidental biological incidents, fragmentation of cooperative frameworks, and a regional biological arms race.
Summary: The article elaborates on Xi Jinping's call to persistently normalize and institutionalize the Communist Party's work-style improvement, emphasizing that the core of such efforts is the Party's relationship with the people. It stresses the role of leading cadres as the "key minority" in setting examples, and the need to combat the "four forms of decadence" (formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance) with persistence. The piece also highlights institutionalizing party conduct through regulations like the Central Eight-Point Regulation, and integrating these efforts into broader party governance to support Chinese modernization.
Summary: The article reports on typical cases of "digital formalism" among grassroots officials in China, citing Inner Mongolia's housing department spending 2.2753 million yuan on 48 display screens—mostly idle and used for show—and a Dalian community official, Sun, who used Photoshop to fake completion of a waste-clearing task and received an inner-Party warning in October 2023. It identifies four manifestations of such formalism: distorted performance views, decision-making divorced from reality, passive work styles, and falsifying records to deceive superiors. The article attributes the problem to偏差的政绩观, weakened accountability, flawed assessment mechanisms, and supervision gaps in digital tools. It urges officials to adopt correct performance views, improve evaluation systems, streamline burdens on grassroots staff, and strengthen oversight to curb formalism and ensure policies are truly implemented.
Summary: The article argues that the Party's work style is central to its image, cohesion, and effectiveness, and calls for its normalization and long-term institutionalization as part of Xi Jinping's party-building thought. It emphasizes that persistent efforts since the Eight-Point Regulation have improved Party and social conduct, but warns that style problems remain stubborn and require continuous vigilance. The piece advocates systematic measures: leading cadres must set examples, rectification of "four forms of bureaucracy" should be paired with fostering new practices, and party spirit, conduct, and discipline must be addressed together with anti-corruption efforts. It frames these efforts as essential for achieving the 15th Five-Year Plan goals and advancing Chinese modernization amid growing risks and challenges.
Summary: Based on Central Archives documents, the article recounts how the CCP decided on the Long March after losing Guangchang in April 1934, with Li De proposing a withdrawal, Comintern approval, and Bo Gu, Li De, and Zhou Enlai forming a "three-person group" to command it. Mao Zedong advised breaking out westward but was ignored, while Zhang Wentian's editorial "Everything for the Defense of the Soviet!" framed the retreat as necessary for greater victory. Preparations included recruiting over62,000 soldiers and stockpiling grain, weapons, medicine, and funds across the Central Soviet Area. For military cover, the Red Seventh Army was sent north under the "Anti-Japanese Vanguard" banner, with Mao, Xiang Ying, Zhang Guotao, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, and Wang Jiaxiang issuing a related declaration, while the Red Sixth Army marched west to reconnoiter a route for the main forces. The vanguard eventually failed, but the Sixth Army's westward march helped open the way for the Long March.
Summary: The article reports that under the leadership of Xi Jinping and the CPC Central Committee, high-quality development has been established as the primary task of China’s modernization, with statistical agencies building a comprehensive system to monitor and support this strategy. It highlights that China’s GDP reached 140.2 trillion yuan in 2025, remaining the world’s second-largest economy and contributing about 30 percent of global economic growth. The piece details progress in innovation, industrial upgrading, green transition, opening-up, and social welfare, alongside reforms in statistical standards, indicators, survey methods, national accounting, data quality, and supervision. It also outlines plans for the "15th Five-Year" period, including deepening statistical reform, advancing digital and intelligent transformation, and strengthening legal enforcement to prevent data falsification.
Summary: President Xi Jinping, speaking at a December 2016 conference, compared good ideological and political work to salt, which must be dissolved into food to be effective rather than consumed alone, emphasizing subtle and immersive guidance over preaching. The article discusses how some localities engage in rigid, disconnected propaganda, and cites Xi’s directive that such work must be strengthened and advanced, with the September 2025 Party regulations adopting the method of combining ideological solutions with practical problem-solving. It stresses tailoring approaches to different groups, such as youth, netizens, and Party cadres, using varied methods and media. Effectiveness should be measured by whether people’s hearts are united and concerns resolved, not by meeting counts, and by integrating ideological leadership into concrete practices to build consensus for national rejuvenation.
Summary: A new book titled *General Secretary Xi Jinping Leads the Fight Against Poverty* has been published by the Central Party School Press, using oral histories to reconstruct China's campaign to eliminate absolute poverty and showcase Xi's governance philosophy that "benefiting the people is the greatest political achievement." The book highlights people-centered governance, the institutional advantages of mobilizing nationwide resources, and the role of targeted poverty alleviation strategies in lifting nearly 100 million rural residents out of poverty. It presents examples of officials like Li Baoguo, Zhang Guimei, and Huang Wenxiu to illustrate that true political achievements come from solving people's practical problems. The author, a former director of the China Rural Development Research Center under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, argues the work serves as a guide for Party officials to adopt a correct view of political achievements in the new era.
Summary: Shen Jiaxiang (1921–2015), a pharmaceutical chemist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, was a founding figure of China's modern pharmaceutical industry. He led the development of key drugs such as chloramphenicol, vitamin A, hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone, breaking Western technological blockades and market monopolies to make affordable medicines available to Chinese people. He also worked to secure international recognition for China's artemisinin as a Chinese invention, and later taught at Tianjin University, where he and his wife donated much of their savings to support young innovators.
Summary: The article outlines China's strategic push to integrate artificial intelligence with lifelong education, framed as essential to building an education powerhouse and supporting Chinese modernization. It highlights government commitments in the 2025 work report and "15th Five-Year Plan" to improve lifelong learning public services, alongside the 2024–2035 education blueprint. Key initiatives include upgrading the national smart education platform, building a national education big data center, developing AI education models, and establishing a credit bank system to recognize diverse learning outcomes. The piece emphasizes tailored resource supply for groups such as elderly, rural residents, migrant workers, and employees, alongside efforts to boost全民 digital literacy and address ethical safeguards. It presents these measures as a systemic, multi-stakeholder effort to make learning ubiquitous and transform China's population advantage into national rejuvenation strength.
Summary: An article by the Party secretary of Jingdezhen University highlights the inscription of “Jingdezhen Handmade Porcelain Industry Relics” on the UNESCO World Heritage List at the 48th World Heritage Committee session in Busan, making it the first porcelain-themed world heritage site. The heritage comprises five zones and 45 sites spanning 1,979 hectares, illustrating complete handcrafted porcelain production and technological innovations from the 10th to 19th centuries, including qingbai porcelain and the “binary” kaolin-clay formula that later influenced European hard-paste porcelain via the Maritime Silk Road. It quotes Xi Jinping as calling ceramics “a Chinese treasure and an important symbol of Chinese civilization” and urging to make “the millennium porcelain capital” shine brighter. The article also describes local efforts, such as inheritors teaching qinghua techniques and UNESCO chair programs, to ensure living heritage and cross-cultural exchange.
Summary: The article, written by a vice chair of the China Publishers Association, argues that while China's publishing industry has achieved massive scale, it must prioritize quality over quantity to become a true publishing power. It emphasizes that thematic publishing, a key form serving national priorities, suffers from homogenization and poor editing, requiring strict quality control and a "quality first, rather go without than go bad" approach. The author stresses that quality is the core measure of publishing development, and that improving content and production standards is essential for cultural accumulation and China's modernization. It also invokes Xi Jinping's instructions on publishing to urge publishers to adopt craftsmanship and responsibility in serving cultural strength.
Summary: The article examines the Tokko (Special Higher Police), Japan's political police from 1911 to 1945, detailing its role in domestic repression and overseas colonial control. It describes three types—Home Ministry, Army宪兵队, and occupied-territory branches—and their brutal suppression of Japanese leftists, intellectuals, and antiwar citizens under the Peace Preservation Law. The piece highlights atrocities in China, including mass arrests, torture, and collaboration with Unit 731, plus intelligence operations against Communist networks. It notes postwar Allied dissolution of the Tokko, but limited accountability due to Cold War U.S. policy shifts. The article warns that current Japanese political controls, citing the 2026 National Intelligence Agency, echo wartime Tokko logic, threatening East Asian peace.
Summary: The article critiques Western-centrism as a colonialist historical narrative that distorts world history, and it identifies three traditional manifestations: tracing "Western civilization" to the ancient Near East, applying a Eurocentric periodization to all societies, and denigrating non-Western peoples as stagnant. It argues that Western global history remains constrained by this framework, treating "the rise of the West" as the main storyline, viewing the U.S. as the pinnacle of historical development, and neglecting the achievements of the Global South. The article proposes Xi Jinping's concept of "a community with a shared future for mankind" as a new paradigm for historical research, emphasizing civilizational exchange, mutual learning, and shared human values.
Summary: The article elaborates on Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, highlighting its four defining features: scientific rigor, systematic structure, theoretical autonomy, and openness. It argues that this thought, summarized in the "Fourteen Persistences," provides the fundamental guidance for advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era. The author, a deputy director of the Fujian Provincial Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, emphasizes its roots in Marxist theory, traditional Chinese culture, and the practice of full and rigorous Party self-governance. The piece underscores the thought's originality and adaptability, positioning it as a cornerstone for constructing an independent knowledge system for Party history and building.
Summary: Cai Qi, a member of the Politburo Standing Committee and president of the Central Party School, spoke at the school's autumn semester opening ceremony on August 29, emphasizing the need for systematic study of Xi Jinping Thought on Party building and a deeper understanding of the "Two Establishments" and "Two Upholds." He urged students to correctly grasp current domestic and international situations, including challenges from accelerated global changes, maintain confidence in economic prospects, and ensure a strong start to the 15th Five-Year Plan. Cai also called for high-quality completion of study tasks and integrating Party spirit cultivation throughout learning. Shi Taifeng attended the ceremony, and students from China Executive Leadership Academies in Pudong, Jinggangshan, and Yan'an participated via video link.
Summary: The document outlines the Central Party School’s teaching work plan centered on studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Xi Jinping’s thought on Party building. It details arrangements for training classes, mandatory courses on Xi Jinping’s Party-building thought, curriculum optimization including case studies from Zhejiang and Yiwu, and enhanced Party-spirit education. It emphasizes collective lesson preparation, supervision and evaluation, discipline construction under the 2026–2030 plan, and textbook development. It also includes strengthening guidance for local party schools and branch schools, including teacher training and online resources.
Summary: The article reports on the Sixth High-End Forum on CPC History, held in Beijing and hosted by the Party History Department of the Central Party School, to study Xi Jinping’s speech at the 105th anniversary of the CPC’s founding. Li Wentang, vice president of the Central Party School, delivered remarks, urging research on the Party’s “exceptional traits” through the “two combinations,” historical methods, and comparative perspectives. Scholars from institutions including the Central Academy of History and Literature, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Peking University, Renmin University, and Beijing Normal University presented research on topics such as anti-corruption, Party-building history, and the six core traits. The forum concluded that Xi’s characterization of the CPC’s unmatched traits is an original thesis requiring theoretical, historical, and comparative study.
Summary: The Guangdong Provincial Party School held an expanded committee meeting, chaired by Executive Vice President Zhang Yuanxing, to convey the spirit of the national conference of party school presidents. The meeting highlighted a speech by Cai Qi, a senior Politburo Standing Committee member and central party school president, who summarized achievements since the 18th Party Congress and outlined priorities for party schools, including "educating talents for the Party and offering counsel for the Party." The Guangdong school stressed integrating the national conference's spirit with the province's "1310" plan, advancing studies of Xi Jinping's party building thought, and enhancing cadre training quality. It also called for strict school governance, talent cultivation, and support for county-level party schools to raise overall standards.
Summary: The Heilongjiang Provincial Party School held a committee meeting to convey the spirit of the national Party School presidents' conference, presided over by Executive Vice President Zhou Yingdong. The meeting emphasized studying Xi Jinping's party building thought and the importance of the Party School's role in educating cadres and offering counsel. It outlined tasks such as improving theoretical education on Xi Jinping Thought, strengthening party spirit and training, enhancing job-specific capacity training, and deepening research and decision-making consultation. The school also stressed strict governance, discipline, and implementation of central regulations on work practices.
Summary: The Hunan Provincial Party School held a meeting on August 26 to summarize its education campaign on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements. Participants conveyed Xi Jinping’s important instructions on consolidating and expanding the campaign’s achievements, studied central and provincial party-building work meetings, and deployed follow-up work, with all faculty and staff attending. The meeting stressed regular political-achievement education, targeted training for key posts, newly promoted cadres, and young cadres, and urged continued rectification, including “look-back” checks. It also called for integrating the campaign with inspection feedback, national party school conference requirements, provincial party committee directives, and the province’s “15th Five-Year Plan” for party school development, while improving institutional mechanisms and a performance-oriented personnel system.
Summary: The article reports on an academic symposium held on August 29 in Inner Mongolia, co-hosted by the party schools of Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang, and organized by the Inner Mongolia Border Governance Research Center. Participants studied Xi Jinping’s key remarks on northeast revitalization and his speech at the 18th collective study session of the 20th CPC Central Political Bureau, focusing on major theoretical and practical issues for northeast revitalization and border governance during the “15th Five-Year” period. Five experts delivered keynote reports on topics including the strategic connotation of the “Five Major Securities” mission and advancing border governance modernization, followed by group discussions among over 80 paper authors. The gathering was seen as a successful example of deepening research cooperation among the four party schools, with participants agreeing to expand cooperation and jointly contribute to northeast revitalization.
Summary: Gansu Provincial Party School (Administrative College) has dispatched 12 teachers to 8 county-level party schools and4 cadre academies for on-site assistance, aiming to address faculty shortages and strengthen grassroots party education. This initiative implements the "Double Hundred" action and "1+1+N" pairing mechanism, under which 100 county-level teachers will train at higher-level schools while 100 provincial/municipal teachers mentor county counterparts. Earlier, seven research teams led by school committee members conducted full inspections of all 86 county party schools, providing equipment such as 396 computers and1,650 desk-chair sets to 26 schools. The school will continue guiding assisted teachers to uphold political direction and deepen support in curriculum, research, discipline building, and faculty development.
Summary: Deputy President Wang Sheng of the Chongqing Party School attended and spoke at an August 27 meeting on think tank and research work for the second half of 2026. He affirmed the school’s achievements, citing 46 provincial/ministerial-level approved advisory reports, 30 core journal papers, and 31 theory articles in major media, among other results. Wang stressed adhering to the Party school’s fundamental principle of "Party school姓党," practicing long-termism, and producing high-quality research serving central tasks and Chongqing’s Chinese-style modernization. He called for strengthening problem, cooperation, and transformation awareness, deepening organized research across ten dimensions such as topic selection, data platforms, investigations, and youth researcher training. The meeting also heard reports from six chief experts and nine research teams on progress and next steps, with attendees vowing to support Chongqing’s modernization and greet the 30th anniversary of Chongqing’s direct municipality status.
Summary: A conference on improving teaching quality at party schools was held in Qinhuangdao, Hebei, bringing together 30 municipal party schools from nine provinces across the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Bohai Rim regions. Participants studied Xi Jinping’s important statements on party school work and discussed cross-regional collaboration to enhance teaching. Wang Dongqi, a professor from the Central Party School’s party building research department, delivered a keynote speech on Xi Jinping’s thought on party building. Attendees shared practical experiences in developing courses, building teaching systems, and training faculty, producing replicable outcomes. The “Chang-Zhu-Bo” cooperation mechanism has deepened from resource sharing to joint model-building and teacher exchanges, fostering integrated regional party school development.
Summary: The article outlines the Central Party School’s teaching plan for the 2026 spring semester, centered on thoroughly implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building and the spirit of the 20th Party Congress. It mandates that Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building be incorporated into all training programs as a required core course, with students studying the “Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building.” The plan emphasizes optimizing course offerings, including new case-based courses on cultural ideology and local development models, while strengthening collective lesson preparation, supervision, and faculty development. It also calls for advancing discipline construction, revising textbooks and syllabi, and enhancing guidance for local party schools and branches. The overall goal is to raise the political, policy, academic, and professional standards of main training programs.
Summary: The article, written by the executive vice president of Henan Provincial Party School, outlines the school's implementation of Xi Jinping's call to strengthen Party spirit and cultivate a correct view of political achievement. It introduces a "seven one" model integrating Party spirit education throughout cadre training, including oath reviews, theory courses, red-site teaching at sites like Lankao and the Red Flag Canal, corruption warnings, self-analysis reports, organizational life meetings, and evaluation sessions. The model aims to correct deviations in political achievement views—such as prioritizing short-term gains over long-term benefits—and to foster pragmatic, people-centered governance. It emphasizes closed-loop, standardized methods to turn Party spirit training into lasting behavioral change among officials. No reference is made to the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article reports on China Telecom Group's Party School, which has developed a "training-combat integrated" teaching model for grassroots managers, inspired by Xi Jinping's call for officials to comprehensively strengthen their skills and the Party School regulation emphasizing problem-oriented, practical training. The model replaces knowledge灌输 with a problem-driven approach ("bring problems, research problems, solve problems"), embeds training in real workplace challenges, and uses scenario-based learning, benchmarking, and debate to sharpen decision-making. Political training is woven throughout, with over 70% of coursework dedicated to Party theory and党性 education, including sessions on correct views of political achievements. The program also links training to post-course application, using follow-up assessments, capability evaluations for cadre promotion, and policy advisory reports submitted to group leadership.
Summary: The article describes how Jingdezhen Municipal Party School integrates China's traditional ceramic culture into cadre education, citing Xi Jinping's 2023 call to make the "millennium porcelain capital" shine brighter. It builds a curriculum around local cultural resources, including "three-color classrooms" for red, green, and ancient heritage, with field-teaching bases and "five ceramics one museum" routes. The school uses immersive, scenario-based, interview, and case-based methods to strengthen appeal and practical impact. It also links training to real governance issues—such as cultural heritage, industrial upgrading, and urban renewal—turning research into advisory reports adopted by municipal authorities. The article notes Jingdezhen's handmade porcelain heritage was inscribed on the World Heritage List in July 2026.
Summary: The article describes how Jinan Municipal Party School prioritizes theoretical education for young faculty and staff, implementing initiatives like the "Classic Soul" project and the "Yuedu Youth" brand to deepen engagement with Marxist classics. It highlights the establishment of inter-agency learning platforms, with joint activities involving over 20 municipal units and collaboration with provincial-level party schools. The school emphasizes applying learning to practice, organizing grassroots research, red education visits, and converting outcomes into teaching materials, publications, and micro-videos. It also notes that several young teachers won awards in provincial and municipal competitions. The piece is authored by the school's Research Department Director and reflects internal institutional efforts rather than official policy statements.
Summary: The article examines how the Chinese Red Army used wall slogans during the Long March (1934-1936) as a key propaganda tool to spread party policy, mobilize civilians, and boost troop morale. It highlights directives from the Red Army's General Political Department requiring soldiers to write slogans daily, with senior leaders like Zhu De composing messages such as "land to the tiller" and Deng Xiaoping personally supervising slogan-writing. The article also notes that a 1935 proclamation to ethnic minorities was the first authoritative use of the term "Long March," and that slogans served tactical purposes, including deceiving enemy forces during the Four Crossings of the Chishui River. Mao Zedong is quoted praising the broad, rapid effectiveness of simple slogans in politically awakening peasants.
Summary: The article explores the enduring appeal of Qinqiang, an ancient opera form from Shaanxi and Gansu, deeply rooted in the lives of ordinary people. It describes performances by troupes such as the Anwan troupe in Xi'an and the Shaanxi People's troupe in Yan'an, where audiences, often farmers and elderly residents, gather in public squares to immerse themselves in stories of injustice, sacrifice, and resilience. The opera's signature "bitter tones" (kuyin) are highlighted as a powerful outlet for expressing life's hardships and grievances, while its themes—spanning historical legends and revolutionary-era works like "Blood and Tears Hatred"—reinforce values of justice, loyalty, and perseverance. The article emphasizes that Qinqiang remains a living, participatory tradition, performed anywhere from plazas to fields, embodying the resilience and unadorned emotional expression of the Chinese people.
Summary: The article profiles the Northern Song official Bao Zheng, highlighting his poem "书端州郡斋壁" as an expression of his ideals of integrity ("清心") and upright conduct ("直道"). It details his anti-corruption stance through memorials like "乞不用赃吏," where he called corrupt officials "thieves of the people," and his fearless impeachment of powerful figures such as Zhang Yaozuo and Chancellor Song Xiang. Historical accounts, including the "宋史," praise his stern, uncorruptible character, earning him the epithet "Yanluo Bao" for his refusal to bend to connections. The piece also covers his filial piety, his famous family precept barring corrupt descendants from burial in the clan grave, and the legacy of the "Xiaosu" ethos upheld by his descendants. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
By: 国家统计局党组书记、局长康义
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, based on a new historical juncture, has centered on major issues of the times such as what kind of development to achieve and how to achieve development, and has strategically and creatively proposed high-quality development. The report of the 20th CPC National Congress emphasized that "high-quality development is the primary task in building a modern socialist country in all respects," the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed"improving the institutional mechanisms for promoting high-quality development," and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee continued to establish promoting high-quality development as the theme of economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. The statistical departments have thoroughly implemented the Party Central Committee's major decisions and deployments on promoting high-quality development, continuously improved the statistical system supporting high-quality development, and contributed statistical strength to comprehensively promoting Chinese-style modernization through high-quality development.
Comprehensively deepening reform has progressed steadily, and high-quality development has continuously achieved new results
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the statistical departments closely focused on the primary task of high-quality development, continuously deepened reforms in key statistical areas, continuously strengthened statistical capacity building, made every effort to consolidate the foundation of data quality, improved normalized statistical monitoring mechanisms, and fully reflected the achievements of China's high-quality development.
Economic aggregates have continuously crossed new thresholds, and comprehensive national strength has significantly improved. The economic aggregate achieved a "four consecutive leaps," from 2021 to 2025, China's gross domestic product successively climbed onto new plateaus of 110 trillion yuan, 120 trillion yuan, 130 trillion yuan, and 140 trillion yuan, reaching 140.2 trillion yuan in 2025, firmly ranking second in the world. The per capita development level has steadily risen, with per capita GDP reaching 13,953 US dollars in 2025, exceeding 13,000 US dollars for three consecutive years; overall labor productivity (calculated at 2020 prices) rose to 184,000 yuan per person, with an average annual growth rate of 6.0%, 0.6 percentage points faster than the economic growth rate during the same period. International influence has significantly strengthened; from 2021 to 2025, China's average annual contribution rate to world economic growth remained around 30%, making it the world's largest "contributor" and strongest"stabilizer anchor" to world economic growth; in 2025, the total value of merchandise imports and exports exceeded 45 trillion yuan, ranking first globally for 9 consecutive years, and the scale of trade in services firmly ranked second globally.
Innovation has led the way, accumulating momentum and strengthening capacity, andthe modern industrial system has been steadily constructed. The innovation-driven development strategy has been deeply implemented, andinnovation achievements have continuously been transformed into practical productive forces, injecting an inexhaustible source of new momentum into high-quality development. R&D expenditure investment has repeatedly reached new highs, andinnovation capacity has significantly strengthened; in 2025, total social expenditure on research and experimental development (R&D) exceeded 3.9 trillion yuan, firmly ranking second in the world, with R&D expenditure intensity rising to 2.80%; in 2025, China's ranking in the Global Innovation Index stood at 10th place, rising 4 places compared with 2020, with the number of top-100 innovation clusters ranking first globally, andfrontier fields such as artificial intelligence and quantum communication have yielded a rich harvest of innovations. New industrialization has been advanced in depth and in earnest; from 2021 to 2025, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing grew at average annual rates of 8.4% and 9.2% respectively, andin 2025, the added value of core industries of the digital economy accounted for more than 10.5% of GDP. The service industry has been upgraded in quality and expanded in capacity;from 2021 to 2025, the added value of modern service industries such as information transmission, software and information technology services, leasing and business services grew at average annual rates of 13.1% and 10.7% respectively. New business forms and models such as online retail and remote medical treatment have developed rapidly, andin 2025, transaction volume in e-commerce reached 46.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 29.1% compared with 2020.
Economic structure has been optimized and adjusted, andthe coordination of development has continuously strengthened. The role of domestic demand as the main driver has become prominent;during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, domestic demand contributed an average of 83.0% to economic growth, of which final consumption expenditure contributed an average of 58.8%, an increase of 10 percentage points compared with the "13th Five-Year Plan" period. The construction of a unified national market has been accelerated;in 2025, freight volume and freight turnover increased by 3.2% and 4.6% respectively year-on-year, andthe ratio of total social logistics costs to GDP fell to 13.9%. Coordinated development between urban and rural areas and among regions has been advanced in an orderly manner;by the end of 2025, the urbanization rate of the permanent resident population was 67.89%, an increase of 4 percentage points over the end of 2020;the ratio of per capita disposable income between urban and rural residents narrowed to 2.31. The regional economic layout has been further optimized, andthe leading and driving roles of the three major economic growth poles, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, andthe Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, have continuously strengthened.
The green and low-carbon transformation has accelerated, andthe ecological environment has continuously improved. Energy conservation and carbon reduction have achieved notable results;in 2025, the proportion of clean energy consumption, including natural gas, hydropower, wind power, and solar energy, in total energy consumption reached 30.4%;during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, after deducting energy used as raw materials and non-fossil energy consumption, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP cumulatively decreased by more than 16%, making it one of the fastest countries globally in reducing energy intensity. Green productive forces have been accelerated;in 2025, new energy vehicle production increased by 10.3 times compared with 2020, with production and sales ranking first globally for 11 consecutive years, andthe production of green products such as charging piles and solar cells has grown rapidly. Ecological protection has been continuously strengthened;since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the proportion of days with good or excellent air quality in cities at prefecture level and above nationwide has remained stable at around 87%, the proportion of excellent-quality sections in surface water has risen to 91.4%, forest coverage rate has exceeded 25%, contributing approximately one-quarter of the world's newly added greening area.
High-level opening up has been advanced in depth, anda diversified trade pattern has been accelerated. The layout of international cooperation networks has been continuously expanded;China has become a major trading partner of more than 160 countries and regions, has signed investment cooperation memoranda with more than 50 countries jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, andlandmark projects such as the China-Laos Railway andthe Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway have been implemented. Institutional opening up has steadily expanded;China has implemented unilateral visa waivers or comprehensive mutual visa exemptions with more than 70 countries, the total number of pilot free trade zones has increased to 22, andthe total number of national open ports has reached 311, forming a three-dimensional opening pattern covering land, sea, andair. Trade barriers and investment barriers have been further lowered;bythe end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's overall tariff level had fallen to 7.3%, ranking among the lower levels globally. Foreign investment access restrictions in the manufacturing sector have achieved"zeroing out," andfrom 2021 to 2025, China attracted more than 700 billion US dollars in foreign investment.
People's livelihoods have been effectively safeguarded, andsocial undertakings have developed with improved quality. The employment situation has remained stable;from 2021 to 2025, the surveyed urban unemployment rate at year-end remained stable between 5.1% and 5.5%, with annual urban new employment stably exceeding 12 million people. Resident income growth has been synchronized with economic growth, with national per capita disposable income increasing from 32,000 yuan in 2020 to 43,000 yuan in 2025, an average annual real growth of 5.4% calculated on a comparable basis. Social security coverage has expanded with improved quality, with the participation rate of basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance reaching or exceeding 95%, andthe average national urban and rural minimum living security standards have increased by 22.5% and 24.6% respectively compared with 2020. Education, health, culture, sports, andother social undertakings have progressed comprehensively, with the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education remaining stable at above 95%;bythe end of 2025, the number of beds in medical and health institutions nationwide andthe number of health technical personnel reached 10.04 million and 13.46 million respectively, with per capita sports venue area reaching 3.1 square meters.
The foundation for safe development has been consolidated, andrisk hazards have been gradually resolved. Food and energy security have been effectively safeguarded;in 2025, China's total grain output reached 1.43 trillion jin, exceeding 1.4 trillion jin for two consecutive years;primary energy production totaled more than 5 billion tons of standard coal equivalent, with the energy self-sufficiency rate rising to above 84%. The resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain has continuously strengthened;from 2021 to 2025, the added value of manufacturing grew at an average annual real rate of 5.5%, accounting for nearly 30% of the global total, ranking first globally in scale for 16 consecutive years, with a cumulative total of more than 140,000 specialized, refined, distinctive, andinnovative small and medium-sized enterprises cultivated. Debt risks in key areas have been gradually resolved, with China's government debt ratio far below the average level of G20 countries, major progress made in the reform and risk resolution of small and medium-sized financial institutions, andover the past five years, the disposal of non-performing assets increased by more than 40% compared with the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.
Implementing the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments, the statistical system supporting high-quality development has been basically completed
The statistical system supporting high-quality development is the key support for accurately reflecting the effectiveness of the new development philosophy and monitoring the process of high-quality development, andis also an important foundation for serving the country's macro decision-making and governance. Since the new era, statistical departments have accelerated the promotion of statistical reform and innovation, continuously improved and perfected statistical systems and methods, basically completed the statistical system serving high-quality development, andachieved notable results in advancing the modernization reform of statistics.
A systematic and standardized statistical standards system has been established. Statistical standards are regulations that uniformly classify and divide the categories of statistical survey objects, their economic and social activities, geographical regions, etc., andare an important foundation for carrying out statistical work. After years of development, China has formed a statistical standards system consisting of 1 national economic industry classification, 1 statistical product classification catalog, 1 national statistical survey metadata standard, 22 derived industry standards, 3 regional standards, 7 statistical unit standards, and 3 other national standards as the main body, supplemented by departmental statistical standards.
Since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Bureau of Statistics has successively formulated and revised multiple national statistical standards including the"Statistical Classification of the Digital Economy and Its Core Industries,""Statistical Classification of Modern Services,""Statistical Classification of Energy Conservation, Environmental Protection, andClean Industries,""Reference Catalog of Manufacturing and Related Industrial Activities,""Classification and Grading Standards and Specifications for Statistical Data,""Provisions on the Classification and Division of Market Entity Statistical Categories,""Rules for the Compilation of Regional Statistical Codes,""Statistical Classification Standards for the Private Economy,"andhas approved departmental statistical standards such asthe"Statistical Classification of the Low-Altitude Economy and Its Core Industries (Trial)," continuously improving the statistical standards system, providing more solid standard support for scientifically andstandardizedly carrying out various statistical surveys.
A rich and applicable statistical indicator system has been constructed. Statistical indicators are standardized names used to measure the quantity or quality of economic and social phenomena, are basic elements of statistical surveys, accounting, andanalysis, andare the objective carriers of statistical data. A statistical indicator system is a whole composed of several interrelated statistical indicator systems. After years of development, China has formed a rich and applicable statistical indicator system composed of thousands of basic survey indicators and comprehensive summary indicators, including both quantitative indicators and qualitative indicators, both macro indicators and micro indicators, both aggregate indicators and structural indicators, comprehensively reflecting the five-sphere integrated plan (五位一体, wu wei yi ti - "five positions, one body") for economic, political, cultural, social, andecological civilization construction. In recent years, especially during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, around the Party Central Committee's major decisions and deployments andnew requirements of new economic and social development, the National Bureau of Statistics has continuously enriched statistical indicators reflecting the development of new economy, new fields, andnew quality productive forces;on the basis of continuously improving statistical indicators reflecting economic development, cultural prosperity, social progress, improvement of people's livelihoods, green development, high-level opening up, andother aspects, ithas established andimproved thematic statistical indicator systems such as comprehensive performance evaluation of high-quality development, Chinese-style modernization, high-quality development of cities, rural revitalization, common prosperity, ecological protection compensation, etc., laying a solid statistical data foundation for scientifically judging economic and social operations andpromoting high-quality development.
A scientific and standardized statistical survey method system has been formed. Statistical survey methods are the organizational methods andtechnical means used to carry out statistical data collection activities, based on the purposes andrequirements of statistical surveys, combined with the characteristics of survey objects andthe conditions of survey institutions. After years of development, China has formed a statistical survey method system that is based on periodic censuses, takes frequent sampling surveys as the main body, comprehensively applies comprehensive surveys, key surveys, andother methods, fully utilizes administrative records, social big data, andother data sources, andadapts to the needs of modern statistical surveys. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Bureau of Statistics has effectively integrated economic censuses andinput-output surveys, strengthened the main body position of frequent sampling surveys, strengthened the flexible application of key surveys, typical surveys, andother methods, further deepened the statistical application of big data andadministrative records, actively promoted the effective application of modern information technologies such as cloud computing, blockchain, Internet of Things, spatial geography information technology, etc., invarious statistical surveys, continuously improving statistical survey capacity, the scientific and standardized level of statistical production, andthe quality of statistical data.
A comprehensive statistical survey system has been established. A statistical survey system is a legally mandated working system that uniformly standardizes the survey purpose, survey objects, survey scope, survey content, survey methods, survey forms, reporting procedures, anddata processing of statistical surveys, andis an important basis for carrying out statistical survey activities andproducing statistical data. At present, China has formed a government statistical survey system composed of national, departmental, andlocal statistical surveys with clear division of labor, mutual connection, andjoint composition. Among them, national statistical surveys are statistical surveys that reflect national basic conditions, conducting statistics on basic national conditions andnational strength, with the main purpose of meeting the needs of national governance andmacro decision-making. After years of development, the National Bureau of Statistics has formed a statistical survey system basically adapted to China's economic and social development andmeeting the needs of the Party andgovernment for national governance andmacro decision-making, mainly including 3 major periodic censuses of national conditions andnational strength, namely population, agriculture, andeconomy, more than 80 routine statistical surveys andspecial statistical surveys covering agriculture, industry, construction, services, investment, population, labor, household income andexpenditure, prices, etc., basically covering all industries andkey areas of the national economy. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Bureau of Statistics has continuously improved modern industry statistics anddigital economy statistics, strengthened modern agriculture andservice industry statistics, improved social livelihood, energy, resources,andenvironment statistics, promoted statistical monitoring of major regional development strategies such as the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, explored the establishment of statistical monitoring systems for the deep integrated development of advanced manufacturing andmodern services, actively promoted statistical reforms in key areas such as full-caliber consumption statistics, carbon emission statistical accounting, andstatistics by the location of business entity activities, making the statistical survey system more comprehensive in coverage, scientifically reflecting the implementation of major national strategies anddecisions anddeployments, andobjectively evaluating the implementation of the new development philosophy andthe process of promoting high-quality development.
A mature and complete national economic accounting system has been formed. National economic accounting is a systematic quantitative measurement of all economic activities carried out in accordance with economic principles andstrictly following accounting principles, andis an important basis for reflecting the state of national economic development. Since the State Council formally issued the"Notice on the Plan for Implementing the New National Economic Accounting System" in 1992, after years of reform anddevelopment, China has established a mature, complete, scientific, effective, andinternationally comparable national economic accounting system, forming an accounting framework of five basic accounts plus extended accounts, regularly carrying out rich anddiverse statistical accounting such as gross domestic (regional) product, input-output tables, flow of funds accounts, macro balance sheets, derived industry added value, etc., providing important data support for the Party andgovernment to formulate policies. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, inorder to serve the overall situation of national high-quality development andobjectively andfully reflect new changes in China's economic development, the National Bureau of Statistics has continuously promoted the reform andconstruction of China's national economic accounting system andinstitutions, implemented reform of the accounting method for owner-occupied housing services of urban residents, established a formal quarterly expenditure-side gross domestic product accounting system, deepened the reform achievements of unified accounting of regional gross domestic product, comprehensively achieved basic consistency between the aggregated figures of regional gross domestic product andthe national gross domestic product, compiled the national input-output table andsupply-and-use table for the year of the fifth national economic census, improved the compilation methods of flow of funds accounts, national andlocal balance sheets, established an accounting system for digital economy added value, initially established an accounting system for ecological product value anda compilation system for natural resource balance sheets, further expanding the field of national economic accounting, further improving the national economic accounting system.
A strict andstandardized national data quality management system has been established. The national data quality management system is a systematic working system established to ensure the quality of statistical data, andis an important guideline for achieving scientific, standardized, andnormalized management of statistical quality andensuring the truthfulness andaccuracy of statistical data. After years of development, the National Bureau of Statistics has established a quality management system centered on the"National Statistical Quality Assurance Framework," supported by multiple supporting systems such asthe"Measures for Evaluating the Implementation of Statistical Survey Projects, Reform Plans, andDevelopment Plans,""Measures for the Management of Data Quality Audit andAssessment,"as well as full-process quality management measures formulated by various professions, regions, anddepartments, running data quality control through the entire process of statistical data production. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Bureau of Statistics has revised andimproved the"National Statistical Quality Assurance Framework (2021),""Statistical Business Process Specifications (2021),"as well as full-process statistical survey quality management measures involving 42 statistical professions, formulated andissued measures for verifying the quality of source statistical data, normalized the implementation of evaluations of major statistical survey project implementation andfeasibility tests of statistical survey forms, consolidated the grassroots foundation of statistics, strengthened verification of source data quality, strengthened information technology support, carried out integrity-based statistical professional ethics education, andcomprehensively promoted comprehensive governance of data quality. The national data quality management system has been increasingly improved, anda strict andstandardized data quality management system has gradually taken shape.
A statistical supervision system with strong constraints has been constructed. Statistical supervision is an important component of the supervision system of the Party andthe state, anda basic function entrusted to government statistics by the"Statistics Law of the People's Republic of China." After years of development, China has gradually established a statistical supervision system centered on improving the quality of statistical data, using statistical inspection, statistical law enforcement inspection, statistical monitoring evaluation, comprehensive performance evaluation of high-quality development as the starting points, systematic, complete, collaborative, efficient, strongly constrained, authoritative, andreliable. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, insisting on to treat both symptoms and root causes (标本兼治, biao ben jian zhi - "mark, root, treat, both"), comprehensive measures, the National Bureau of Statistics, pursuant to the authorization of the Party Central Committee andthe State Council, organized two rounds of statistical inspections, investigated anddealt with a number of major statistical violation cases in accordance with the law, forming a strong deterrent against statistical fraud andto engage in fraud or deception (弄虚作假, nong xu zuo jia - "make, false, act, fake"), continuously demonstrating the sharp sword role of statistical law enforcement supervision;continuously expanding the field of statistical monitoring, strengthening statistical supervision over the situation of promoting high-quality development, providing important references for the Party Central Committee to accurately judge the economic situation andoptimize macro-regulation decisions, with the achievements of statistical supervision playing an important role in promoting high-quality development of various regions andguiding Party members andcadres to establish andpractice a correct view of political achievements;establishing andimproving collaborative mechanisms for giving play to the function of statistical supervision, promoting the overall connection, organic integration, andmutual coordination between statistical supervision andother types of supervision such as discipline inspection supervision, supervisory supervision, stationing supervision, inspection supervision, audit supervision, etc., making statistical supervision play a more effective role in the supervision system of the Party andthe state.
Solidly advancing statistical reform anddevelopment during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, providing high-quality statistical services for promoting high-quality development
The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical period for China to consolidate the foundation andcomprehensively exert efforts for basically realizing socialist modernization. Statistical departments will deeply implement the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress andthe plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, strengthen confidence, boldly reform, coordinate the promotion of statistical theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, practical innovation, technological innovation, continuously improve statistical survey, statistical supervision, statistical analysis capabilities, actively construct a statistical survey system adapted to the trend of digital-intelligent transformation, providing higher-quality statistical services for high-quality economic andsocial development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.
Adhere to andstrengthen the Party's overall leadership over statistical work. Persist in placing the Party's political construction first, andmake every effort to promote the implementation of the Party Central Committee's decisions anddeployments in statistical departments. Improve the system for full andstrict governance of the Party in statistical departments, consolidate the political responsibility for governing the Party, effectively transform the achievements of Party building into a powerful driving force for advancing statistical reform, innovation, andserving high-quality development.
Continuously promote reforms in key areas of statistics. Focus on improving the statistical system conducive to building a unified national market, solidly advance the revision of the"Classification of National Economic Industries" andrelated derived industry statistical classifications, continuously enrich andimprove statistical indicators in fields such as new economy, new quality productive forces, improvement of people's livelihoods, carbon emissions, etc. Improve the statistical monitoring system for the service industry, further deepen the reform of statistical accounting systems andmethods, improve the national economic accounting system, implement new international standards for national economic accounting, improve the compilation of macro balance sheets, accurately align with the statistical needs of major national strategies.
Further improve the quality of statistical monitoring, evaluation, publicity, andservices. Focus on strengthening monitoring, analysis, prediction, andearly warning of economic operations, strengthen tracking monitoring of key areas such as Chinese-style modernization, common prosperity, new quality productive forces, intelligent economy, transformation of old andnew growth drivers, coordinated development of urban, rural, andregions, improve comprehensive performance evaluation of high-quality development, optimize statistical data release, interpretation, andpublic services.
Deepen the advancement of law-based statistics andstatistical governance according to law. Comprehensively improve the quality of statistical legislation, accelerate the revision of the implementing regulations of the Statistics Law, further improve the system of statistical laws andregulations. With preventing andpunishing statistical fraud andto engage in fraud or deception as the core task, continuously improve the effectiveness of statistical inspections, increase the intensity of statistical law enforcement inspections, establish andimprove cross-departmental, cross-field statistical supervision coordination mechanisms, ensure the truthfulness andaccuracy of statistical data through the rule of law.
Accelerate the digital-intelligent transformation of statistics. Comprehensively promote the modernization reform of statistics with digital-intelligent technologies, further expand new data resource channels, strengthen the collection andapplication of departmental administrative records andsocial big data, promote the deep integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, with statistical business, explore new models of data security sharing, empower the innovation of statistical production methods with new technologies.
Return to TopBy: 陈辉宗
One of the fundamental hallmarks of an advanced and mature Marxist political party lies precisely in possessing a set of Party-building theories that advance with the times (与时俱进, yu shi ju jin - "with, time, together, advance") and are scientific and complete. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building scientifically answers the major questions of the era: what kind of long-term governing Marxist political party to build, and how to build a long-term governing Marxist political party. It puts forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies for governing the Party, managing the Party, revitalizing the Party, and strengthening the Party, with distinctive theoretical markers, clear ideological boundaries, and a complete logical structure. This thought runs through the Marxist stand, viewpoint, and method. It is a theoretical system that demonstrates its scientific nature in grasping the laws of Communist Party governance, demonstrates its systematic nature in constructing a rigorous logical structure, demonstrates its autonomy in proposing original iconic concepts, and demonstrates its openness in perpetually preserving theoretical vitality. It has established the fundamental guideline and provided the action guide for deeply advancing the new great project of Party building in the new era (新时代党的建设新的伟大工程, xin shi dai dang de jian she xin de wei da gong cheng - "new, era, party, possessive, construction, new, great, project").
Demonstrating scientific nature in grasping the laws of Communist Party governance
Scientific theories are always the deepening and summarization of objective laws. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building is a scientific theoretical system with profound theoretical origins and a solid practical foundation. Its scientific nature is embodied in its summarization and condensation of the laws of Communist Party governance, profoundly revealing the internal laws of the Party's governance philosophy, governance methods, governance foundation, and its own construction. It is the result of the joint effect of theoretical inheritance, cultural nourishment, and practical tempering.
It originates from the scientific theory of Marxism and conforms to the laws of Party building development in the new era. From Marx and Engels's theory of Party building, to Lenin's theory of Party building, to Mao Zedong's thought on Party building, Deng Xiaoping's theory of Party building, and then to Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, this vividly interprets the process of the continuous enrichment and development of the Marxist theory of Party building. What runs through it as the "unchanging" is the Party's highest ideal, purpose, nature, status, fundamental organizational principles, discipline, and so on; while what "changes" is that, according to changes in the world situation, national conditions, and Party conditions, new era-era connotations and practical requirements are constantly endowed to Party building. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building has opened up a new situation of theoretical innovation in Party building in the new era and made major original contributions to enriching and developing the Marxist theory of Party building.
It is rooted in the excellent traditional Chinese culture and firmly upholds this "root vein" of the excellent traditional Chinese culture. From "the people are the foundation of the state" to the Party's mass line in the new era, from "governing with virtue" to the cultivation of political virtue in cadres, from "impartiality gives rise to clarity, integrity gives rise to authority" to the integrated advancement of not daring to be corrupt, being unable to be corrupt, and not wanting to be corrupt, Xi Jinping's thought on Party building fully absorbs the ideological wisdom of China's five-thousand-year history, creatively transforms the governance wisdom, self-cultivation principles, and governance virtue of the excellent traditional Chinese culture into the concepts, institutions, and practices of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party (全面从严治党, quan mian cong yan zhi dang - "completely, strictly, govern, party"), and endows the Marxist theory of Party building with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner.
It was nurtured in the great practice of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party in the new era and profoundly summarizes our Party's century-long experience in strengthening its own construction. From the Eight-point Regulation (八项规定, ba xiang gui ding - "eight, items, regulation") of the Central Committee breaking the ice at the outset and halting the spread of the four forms of decadence (四风, si feng - "four, styles/trends") (formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism, and extravagance), to the anti-corruption struggle achieving an overwhelming victory and comprehensively consolidating it; from the continuous development of centralized education within the Party, to the improvement of the organizational system and supervision system; from the revision and improvement of intra-Party laws and regulations, to the tightening and solidification of responsibility for governing the Party, every step forward in full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is accompanied by a deepening of the understanding of the laws of building a Marxist governing party. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building is a systematic summarization and theoretical sublimation of the practical experience of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party in the new era, fully embodying our Party's excellent qualities, and is a vivid portrayal of using the "arrow" of Marxism in the new era to shoot the "target" of Party building in the new era.
To deeply study and comprehend Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, one must deeply understand and grasp the "change" and "unchanged" in the laws of Communist Party governance, grasp the theoretical origins from the developmental thread of Marxist Party-building theory, understand the value foundation from the profound nourishment of the excellent traditional Chinese culture, appreciate the requirements of the era from the vivid practice of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party in the new era, ensure the correctness of practice with the scientific nature of theory, and always advance the new great project of Party building in the new era along scientific guidance.
Demonstrating systematic nature in constructing a rigorous logical structure
A systematic theory all has its own internally self-consistent logical structure and method, and constructs these contents through certain rational forms. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building is a systematic theoretical system with rigorous internal logic and a complete thinking framework, comprehensively and profoundly elucidating the highest principles, strategic guidelines, value pursuits, work layout, and method paths of Party building in the new era, answering from an overall perspective the relationships between Party leadership and the Party's cause, Party leadership and Party building, and governing the Party and governing the country, forming a complete system and organic whole with interlocking links and internal coherence.
Viewed from the overall perspective, the Fourteen Persistences (十四个坚持, shi si ge jian chi - "fourteen, measure word, persist") constitute the main framework or backbone (四梁八柱, si liang ba zhu - "four, beams, eight, pillars") of this important thought. With "persisting in that Party leadership is the most essential characteristic of socialism with Chinese characteristics" and "persisting in the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee" as the foundation and soul, with "persisting in full and rigorous self-governance of the Party" as the strategic guideline and distinctive theme of Party building in the new era, with "persisting in staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission in mind" (坚持不忘初心、牢记使命, jian chi bu wang chu xin, lao ji mi ying - "persist, not, forget, original, intention, firmly, remember, mission") as the purpose, stand, and value orientation, with "persisting in taking the political construction of the Party" (党的政治建设, dang de zheng zhi jian she - "party, possessive, political, construction") as the guide" as the fundamental requirement of Party building in the new era, this integrates and connects all other constructions of the Party. The first four "Persistences" are the general introduction that raises the banner, sets the direction, and commands the overall situation, centrally embodying the highest principles, strategic guidelines, and value pursuits of Party building; the middle nine "Persistences" are the sub-discussions, mainly elaborating the key tasks of using political construction to lead ideological construction, organizational construction, work-style construction, discipline construction, institutional construction, and the anti-corruption struggle;the last "Persistence" is the strong guarantee, ensuring that all tasks of governing the Party are carried through to the end and take effect on the ground.
Viewed from the internal perspective, in addition to the "general-sub-general" structure, the various parts are also interconnected, forming secondary logical modules. For example, the first, second, and fourteenth "Persistences" echo each other from beginning to end, all being important guarantees for implementing the responsibility of governing the Party;the fifth and sixth "Persistences," namely political construction and ideological construction, are the leading and foundational parts in the layout of Party building;the seventh, tenth, and eleventh "Persistences" reflect the coordinated advancement of Party spirit, Party work-style, and Party discipline, and the relationship among the three is one of "grasping them together" rather than "grasping them with one hand";the seventh, ninth, and twelfth "Persistences" construct a trinity or three-in-one structure (三位一体, san wei yi ti - "three, positions, one, body") work layout for resolving intra-Party contradictions and problems, among which, tempering Party spirit is the fundamental measure, while building a high-quality cadre team and the anti-corruption struggle are two key measures. The entire ideological system understands both the substance and the function, integrates both substance and function, has both a clear logical starting point and forms a complete logical loop, clarifies both the task direction of "crossing the river" and points out the practical path of the "bridge or the boat," fully reflecting the holistic, synergistic, and scientific nature of the theory of Party building in the new era.
To deeply study and comprehend Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, one must deeply understand and grasp the systematic nature of its scientific connotation, especially the "substance" and "function" relationship of the "Fourteen Persistences," not only grasping the logical framework from the overall perspective, but also precisely understanding the internal connections and functional positioning among the various parts. Only in this way can one act with a clear overall plan and detailed execution (纲举目张, gang ju mu zhang - "net, lift, eye, open"), achieve coordination and linkage, truly implement the practical requirements of this thought throughout the entire process of governing the Party, effectively enhance the overall effectiveness of Party building, and realize the simultaneous发力 and resonance of governing the Party and governing the country.
Demonstrating autonomy in proposing original iconic concepts
The great social transformation of contemporary China is not a simple continuation of the master copy of our country's history and culture, not a simple application of the template envisioned by the classic Marxist writers, not a reprint of the socialist practice of other countries, and not a reproduction of the modernization development of foreign countries. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building contains a series of innovative wisdom for governing the Party in the new era, being an autonomous theoretical system rich in original contributions and integrated innovative concepts, writing a new chapter in the Marxist theory of Party building, and holding significant importance for constructing an autonomous knowledge system of Party building.
Viewed from original contributions, Xi Jinping's thought on Party building itself is an innovative, original concept, especially the "Fourteen Persistences," which are a concentrated summarization of Xi Jinping's iconic, leading new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies for Party building in the new era. For example, in terms of Party leadership, it puts forward that "persisting in that Party leadership is the most essential characteristic of socialism with Chinese characteristics";the "most" is an expression of the "highest level," indicating a level and degree that reaches beyond similar categories;the "most essential characteristic" clarifies that Party leadership endows socialism with Chinese characteristics with its inherent stipulation, and only by persisting in Party leadership can one command the overall situation of economic, political, cultural, social, ecological civilization construction, and the Party's own construction, enabling the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics to be fully brought into play. In terms of value stance, it puts forward "stay true to the original aspiration and keep the mission in mind" (不忘初心、牢记使命, bu wang chu xin, lao ji mi ying - "not, forget, original, intention, firmly, remember, mission"), clarifying the fundamental question of "what the Communist Party of China is and what it wants to do," fundamentally answering the century-long question of "where the Communist Party of China came from and where it is going," and so on. These original theoretical viewpoints have all added brand-new content to the Marxist theory of Party building.
Viewed from iconic concepts, Xi Jinping's thought on Party building has achieved the culmination of innovative concepts in Party building. For example, it widely uses iconic discourses and concepts such as "full and rigorous self-governance of the Party," "governing the Party with institutions and in accordance with rules," "the political construction of the Party," "the Party's self-revolution," "the new great project of Party building in the new era," and so on. Among them, "full and rigorous self-governance of the Party" reshapes the discourse paradigm of governing the Party with the iconic expression of "full," running the requirement of "rigorous" through the entire process and all aspects of all constructions of the Party. "Governing the Party with institutions and in accordance with rules" opens up the discourse path of the institutionalization of Party building with the core concepts of "institutions" and "in accordance with rules." "Persisting in taking the political construction of the Party as the guide" places "the political construction of the Party" in the foremost position, establishes the discourse framework of the layout of Party building with the functional positioning of "guide," constructing a distinctive autonomous knowledge system that clearly distinguishes itself from Western political party construction theories.
To deeply study and comprehend Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, one must deeply appreciate its guiding position in constructing China's autonomous knowledge system of the history and Party building of the Communist Party of China, deeply grasp, in reading original works, studying original texts, and comprehending original principles, the theoretical breakthroughs and practical innovations carried by its iconic concepts, original ideological viewpoints, and principled theoretical achievements, accurately grasp the core essence and rich connotation of each concept, thereby deepening the theoretical interpretation of "why the Communist Party of China can," and unswervingly walk the path of building a political party theory with Chinese characteristics.
Demonstrating openness in perpetually preserving theoretical vitality
All great theories are nurtured in great practice and continuously enriched and perfected in great practice. The inherently open theoretical character of Marxism determines that Xi Jinping's thought on Party building will inevitably enrich and develop its own system in responding to the questions of the era, demonstrating powerful theoretical vitality.
From the perspective of the theoretical framework of the Party's innovative theories, Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, together with Xi Jinping's economic thought, Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, Xi Jinping's cultural thought, Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, Xi Jinping's thought on strengthening the military, Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought, and the holistic view of national security, jointly promoted the enrichment and improvement of the scientific theoretical system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想, xi jin ping xin shi dai zhong guo te se she hui zhu yi si xiang - "Xi Jinping, new, era, China, characteristic, socialism, thought"), and will develop with the overall development of the Party's innovative theoretical system. At the same time, the important thoughts and important discourses in related fields that are being enriched and developed all take the Party's strong leadership as the fundamental premise, all must answer the question of how to strengthen the Party's overall leadership over various fields, and Xi Jinping's thought on Party building is precisely the theoretical support that ensures they can be realized; this theory will also continue to deepen with the continuous enrichment of these theoretical achievements.
Viewed from Xi Jinping's thought on Party building itself, this thought itself is an open theoretical system that connects history, reality, and the future. Comrade Xi Jinping, during his work in local positions, conducted profound thinking and pioneering explorations on various fields of Party building. These thoughts and explorations have a clear and profound internal connection with Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, constituting its important theoretical and practical foundation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee has clearly put forward the general requirements for Party building in the new era; in June 2023, the National Organizational Work Conference summarized Xi Jinping's important thought on Party building as the "Thirteen Persistences";in June 2026, the National Party Building Work Symposium summarized and condensed the scientific connotation of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building into the"Fourteen Persistences." From its developmental thread, one can see that this thought has always accompanied the continuous deepening and expansion of the great practice of Party building in the new era, has always borrowed from the experience of political party construction around the world with an open and inclusive attitude, conducted new theoretical creation, has always stood at the forefront of the era responding to the new problems and new challenges faced by Party building, continuously providing ideological guidance for the great practice of Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化, zhong guo shi xiang hua mo xiandai - "China, style, modernization"). It is precisely this open character of advancing with the times that enables Xi Jinping's thought on Party building to always maintain fresh theoretical vitality and leading power, and will continuously lead Party building to open up new practices and achieve new development.
To deeply study and comprehend Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, one must deeply grasp the era-era logic and practical requirements contained in its open character, deeply understand its special important position of both running through other ideological systems and leading the entire Party's innovative theoretical system, uphold integrity and innovate (守正创新, shou zheng chuang xin - "guard, upright, create, new") in adhering to the Marxist principles of Party building, expand theoretical boundaries in solving practical problems, distill understanding of laws in summarizing fresh experience, continuously promote new breakthroughs in Party-building theory in responding to the questions of the era and the needs of practice, ensure that the Party always remains a strong leadership core and walks at the forefront of the times.
〔The author is the Deputy Director of the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in Fujian Province, and the Vice President (Executive Vice President) in charge of daily work of the Party School (School of Administration) of the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China〕
Return to TopBy: 陈朋
Basic research is the source of scientific and technological innovation. The more we face the future and the unknown, the more we need to make sustained efforts in original innovation. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the symposium on strengthening basic research that it is necessary to improve the classified evaluation system that conforms to the characteristics of basic research, improve the working and living conditions of basic research personnel, and foster an innovation environment that is open, inclusive, and tolerant of failure. This important exposition profoundly grasps the development laws of basic research and points out the direction for nurturing the innovation ecosystem and stimulating the vitality of original innovation.
Looking at the history of world science and technology, every breakthrough in disruptive technology has been inseparable from the accumulation of extensive basic research before achieving a breakthrough (厚积薄发, hou ji bo fa - "accumulate deeply, release thinly"). Basic research does not presuppose specific application purposes; it focuses on discovering fundamental principles, laws, and new knowledge, and its research directions and final outcomes are highly uncertain. At the same time, basic research is often accompanied by the overturning of research hypotheses, adjustments to technical routes, and even stage-by-stage failure; the collision of different viewpoints and the crosswise exploration of different paths are the basic models for achieving its breakthroughs. In addition, basic research has a strategic, systematic, and collaborative character, and major innovation breakthroughs usually cannot be separated from long-term accumulation under multidisciplinary collaborative innovation. This requires us to respect the research directions of different disciplines and give researchers sufficient time and patience. There are no shortcuts in basic research; openness and inclusiveness are the prerequisites for encouraging exploration, tolerance of failure is the safeguard for protecting trial and error, and maintaining patience is an important support for achieving the breakthrough from "0" to "1".
Basic research has the distinctive feature of free exploration, and its research fields, research objectives, and forms of outcomes are each different. The diversity of exploration in basic research must be fully respected in the evaluation system. We cannot use "whether it is useful or not" as the sole evaluation criterion, nor can we simply judge a person's worth based on the number of papers, projects, and awards (论英雄, lun ying xiong - "discuss, hero"). We should accelerate the improvement of a classified evaluation system that conforms to the characteristics of basic research, set differentiated evaluation criteria according to different research types and innovation stages, and eliminate the one-size-fits-all approach (一刀切, yi dao qie - "one, knife, cut") to quantitative evaluation. For basic research that faces the world's scientific and technological frontiers and has strong exploratory nature, focus on evaluating its originality, scientific value, and potential contributions. For goal-oriented basic research that serves national strategic needs and requires long-term sustained tackling of key problems, pay more attention to whether it has cracked key scientific problems and achieved original breakthroughs, and reasonably reduce the weight of assessment of stage-by-stage outcomes. At the same time, improve the mechanisms for peer review and long-cycle evaluation, reduce the constraints of simple quantification and frequent assessment, treat different research fields with an attitude of mutual respect, mutual support, and mutual achievement, and foster a scientific research ecosystem of equal dialogue.
With a more inclusive evaluation orientation, it is also necessary to establish supporting scientific research management mechanisms that conform to the laws of basic research. Many cases prove that failure is often a necessary path to avoid following in someone's wrong footsteps (重蹈覆辙, chong dao fu che - "repeat, tread, overturned, track"), correct research directions, and achieve greater progress. Establish a more flexible dynamic project management mechanism; for basic research with strong exploratory nature and higher risk, conduct stage-by-stage assessments in a timely manner according to research progress. For projects with scientific value but whose originally planned technical routes are difficult to realize, allow timely adjustment of research content, technical paths, and implementation plans. For projects that have been proven through practice to have no further research value, also allow timely cessation of losses, reasonable exit, to avoid the ineffective sedimentation of scientific research resources. For normal trial and error that conforms to scientific research laws and fulfills necessary procedures, reasonable "fault tolerance" should be given in project acceptance, performance evaluation, and subsequent project application.
Enabling basic research to truly "settle down" and "sit still" cannot be separated from stable institutional certainty that matches the long-cycle characteristics of basic research. The value of basic research often requires years of accumulation before it can manifest; we cannot use the "certainty" of short-term investment to dissolve the "uncertainty" of long-term exploration in basic research, nor can we easily change research directions merely because no output has been seen in the short term. Establish funding support and assessment mechanisms that match the long-cycle characteristics of basic research, provide sustained funding support for research that has clear scientific value and innovation potential but is difficult to form visible outcomes in the short term, and explore "rolling" support methods for medium-and long-term projects. Improve project assessment and exit mechanisms; for projects that are in the stage of continuous accumulation, have clear research directions, and are progressing normally, appropriately extend the evaluation cycle to avoid frequent assessment interrupting the rhythm of scientific research. For researchers with long-term potential, provide more stable funding guarantees to reduce their dependence on "short, flat, fast" outcomes. At the same time, break the bad tendency of the "five onlys" (五唯, wu wei - "five, only") (focusing only on papers, projects, titles, awards, and social impact), allocate more resources to scientific research activities with genuine original potential, let researchers, especially young researchers, "settle down" to do long-term research, and with a composed mindset bravely enter the "uncharted territory," knowing that great care and patience produce high-quality results (慢工出细活, man gong chu xi huo - "slow, work, produce, fine, work").
"The source is deep, so the stream flows far; the root is firm, so the branches flourish." In the entire scientific research system, basic research is a "relay long-distance race." The secret of its success lies not in how fast or how early one starts, but in whether one can persist in running to the end. Therefore, while providing "hard" facilities for basic research, it is also necessary to create the necessary "soft" environment for it from the perspective of fostering an open, inclusive, and failure-tolerant innovation environment, so as to fully stimulate the innovative vitality of researchers, and lay a solid foundation for achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology (科技自立自强, ke ji zi li zi qiang - "science, technology, self-reliance, self-strengthening") and building a world leader in science and technology.
Return to TopTo persevere and carry on (持之以恒, chi zhi yi heng - "hold, with, continuously, persistent") in promoting full and rigorous Party self-governance, we must uphold Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents" (“三个代表”重要思想, san ge dai biao zhong yao si xiang -"three, represent, important, thought"), the Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, implement the general requirements for Party building in the new era, take the Party Constitution as the fundamental basis, uphold and strengthen the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, focus on improving the Party's long-term governance capacity, maintaining the Party's advanced nature and purity, and maintaining the Party's flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, uphold the tone of strictness without wavering, improve the system for full and rigorous Party self-governance, take the Party's political construction as the guide, comprehensively advance all aspects of Party building, fully stimulate the entire Party's initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity, continuously realize the Party's self-purification (自我净化, zi wo jing hua -"self, purify"), self-improvement (自我完善, zi wo wan shan -"self, perfect, complete"), self-renewal (自我革新, zi wo ge xin -"self, reform, new"), and self-improvement (自我提高, zi wo ti gao -"self, lift, high"), ensure that the Party always remains a vibrant Marxist governing party that walks at the forefront of the times, is sincerely supported by the people, and can withstand all kinds of storms and trials, and always remains the strong leadership core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Return to TopBy: 赵骏
Global governance is a common cause bearing on the well-being of humanity, and building a fair and reasonable global governance system is a common vision that people of all countries seek with great diligence (孜孜以求, zi zi yi qiu - "diligently, constantly, seek"). At present, the century-old transformations of the world are accelerating, and the problem of structural imbalance in the traditional global governance system is becoming prominent. Against this backdrop, the Global Governance Initiative proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping (hereinafter referred to as the Initiative), with its core concept of the "Five Persistences," is grounded in the common interests of humanity, takes into account the development aspirations of all countries, and constructs a complete system that promotes international recognition, providing a Chinese solution for resolving the global governance dilemma and consolidating international consensus. As soon as the Global Governance Initiative was proposed, it quickly received the support and response of nearly 160 countries and international organizations, with over 60 countries enthusiastically joining the "Group of Friends of Global Governance." The reason the Initiative has been able to obtain broad response and universal recognition from the international community lies in its consistent adherence to the common values of all humanity, its compliance with the fundamental principles of international law, its persistence in a pragmatic action-oriented approach, and its pursuit of sustainable development—it both responds to the international community's practical needs for fairness and justice and provides practical solutions for resolving global governance difficulties, injecting precious stability and positive energy into a turbulent world.
It accords with common value pursuits
It adheres to the fundamental principle of sovereign equality. Sovereign equality is the cornerstone of international relations and global governance, a basic value norm universally recognized by the international community, and even more the fundamental prerequisite for pooling global governance consensus and ensuring the orderly participation of all countries in governance. The Initiative consistently upholds the principle of sovereign equality, respects the development paths and governance models independently chosen by all countries, resolutely opposes bullying acts such as bullying the weak (以大欺小, yi da qi xiao -"use big, bully small") and power-based interference, and clearly affirms that all countries participate in, decide on, and benefit from global governance on an equal footing. The Initiative fully takes into account the development interests of developing countries that have long been neglected, safeguards their equal governance rights, can eliminate the inequities and drawbacks of the old governance system, enable the vast number of developing countries to gain respect and tangible benefits, and effectively consolidates the equal foundation of international recognition of global governance
It promotes and practices genuine multilateralism. Multilateralism is the inevitable path for responding to global challenges and pooling global governance synergy; its core lies in the equal participation, coordinated co-governance, and fair benefit-sharing of all countries, and it is an important support for maintaining the efficient operation of the global governance system. The Initiative directly faces the current challenges of the global governance deficit, resolutely resists bloc confrontation and exclusionary governance models, strives to enhance the representation and voice of developing countries in international affairs, and break the Western-dominated one-sided governance rules. China, guided by the Initiative, advocates win-win cooperation (合作共赢, he zuo gong ying -"cooperate, mutually, win")-type new international relations, promotes the building of international rule of law, breaks the unequal pattern in global governance, and practices genuine multilateralism with an open, inclusive, fair, and universally beneficial governance posture, gaining broad recognition and support from the international community
It adheres to the people-centered (以人为本, yi ren wei ben -"take people, as, foundation") value orientation. The goal of global governance is to safeguard the common well-being of humanity and promote the comprehensive development of human beings; focusing on improving people's livelihoods and safeguarding basic human rights is the value core of global governance and a key criterion for winning the recognition of people in all countries. The Initiative adheres to the people-centered value orientation, places development at the center of the international agenda, focuses on basic livelihood fields such as poverty reduction, medical care, and education, and spares no effort to safeguard the basic dignity and development rights of people in all countries. In response to new governance challenges such as the imbalance in digital development, China actively promotes the inclusive development of digital technology, helps developing countries improve digital infrastructure and bridge the digital divide, and resolves livelihood development difficulties through practical cooperation. This practice enables the fruits of global governance to benefit more groups, effectively pooling broad popular recognition and social consensus
It adheres to international rule of law norms
It upholds the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. Upholding the international system with the United Nations at its core, the international order based on international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter is the prerequisite for the trust and recognition of all countries in the global governance system. Principles such as sovereign equality, peaceful settlement of disputes, and non-interference in internal affairs are the consensus foundation of global governance. The Initiative consistently upholds international rule of law, firmly safeguards the international system with the United Nations at its core, resolutely opposes all hegemonic acts that violate international law and undermine the multilateral order, and always maintains a fair governance stance. This measure defends the authority and effectiveness of the multilateral system, provides reliable institutional safeguards and rule-based support for numerous small, medium, and developing countries, repairs the damaged trust system of the international order, and consolidates the foundation of international recognition of global governance from the institutional level
It actively responds to the needs for reform of the global governance system. International rules that keep pace with the times and are fair and reasonable are the institutional safeguards for the orderly advancement of global governance; governance rules that fit the changes in the international balance of power and adapt to the development needs of all countries are the key to enhancing the recognition and adaptability of global governance. The Initiative grasps the general trend of global governance reform, advocates advancing the reform of international rules through equal consultation and gradual progress, and promotes the adaptation of the governance system to the new development pattern. For example, in response to problems such as insufficient digital governance rules, China has taken the lead in proposing the Global Data Security Initiative, advocating the joint construction of a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative, and orderly community with a shared future in cyberspace (网络空间命运共同体, wang luo kong jian ming yun gong tong ti -"cyberspace, destiny, community"). This kind of rule-renovation practice that balances fairness and effectiveness has broken the institutional drawbacks of the old system and gained broad recognition from the international community
It improves the global governance operation system of multilateral coordination. Global governance challenges possess cross-border, interconnected, and holistic characteristics; no single mechanism or single country can independently address them, and a governance architecture of multilateral coordination and systematic linkage is an important institutional safeguard for enhancing global governance effectiveness and consolidating international consensus. The Initiative, grounded in a holistic governance perspective, constructs a networked, inclusive, multi-stakeholder governance architecture, promotes the United Nations, the G20, the WTO, and other core multilateral mechanisms to perform their respective functions and coordinate in tandem. At the same time, it actively links regional governance with global governance, leverages governance advantages, and shares beneficial practices. This systematic, coordinated institutional arrangement effectively resolves the problem of governance fragmentation, regulates the governance behavior of all countries, stabilizes governance expectations, and further consolidates institutional recognition of multilateral governance
It adheres to a pragmatic action-oriented approach
It takes active action to address global challenges. Pragmatic and implementable governance actions and tangible and visible governance results are the core safeguards for testing the value of global governance and consolidating lasting international recognition; empty talk of ideas cannot resolve global difficulties, let alone win genuine recognition from all countries. The Initiative adheres to the governance orientation of putting practical work first, directly faces the common crises of all humanity, and actively contributes Chinese solutions and Chinese strength. In the field of climate governance, China fulfills its commitments to green and low-carbon development, implements the Paris Agreement, launches the Green Development Partnership Initiative under the Belt and Road Initiative, and advances transnational green energy cooperation. In the fields of cybersecurity and counter-terrorism, China deeply participates in global governance, severely cracks down on cybercrime and terrorism, and jointly builds a community with a shared future in cyberspace. China's pragmatic sense of responsibility has resolved the dilemma of empty talk in global governance, demonstrated the value of multilateral governance with solid governance results, and pooled broad international recognition
Mutually beneficial cooperation pools common interests. Common interests are the enduring driving force of international recognition; the essence of global governance is the cooperative practice of mutual benefit and win-win among all countries, and only by enabling all countries to share the dividends of governance can sustainable and deep-level governance recognition be formed. The Initiative abandons zero-sum thinking, upholds the principle of consultation, contribution, and shared benefits (共商共建共享, gong shang gong jian gong xiang -"consult, build, share"), and takes mutual benefit and win-win as the core to build a community of shared interests for all. Relying on practical cooperation platforms such as the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路, yi dai yi lu -"one belt, one road"), it deepens cooperation among countries in fields such as infrastructure, trade and investment, and livelihood development, effectively improves the development shortcomings of partner countries, drives the quality improvement and development of regional economies and societies, and realizes multi-dimensional mutually beneficial outcomes. Countries continue to reap development dividends in deep cooperation, laying a profound practical foundation for the recognition of global governance
It helps Global South countries enhance their governance capacity. The inclusiveness and fairness of global governance cannot be achieved without the deep participation of Global South countries; enhancing the governance capacity of developing countries and activating their subject value is an important bond for pooling global governance consensus and consolidating international recognition. The Initiative attaches great importance to the development rights and interests of Global South countries, focuses on precise capacity-building targeting the governance capacity shortcomings of various countries, and through multiple measures such as technology transfer, talent cultivation, experience sharing, and platform co-construction, comprehensively enhances the comprehensive capacity of developing countries to participate in global governance and respond to international issues. This empowerment model fully respects the development subjectivity of all countries, helps Global South countries transform from bystanders of governance into participants and builders of governance, effectively strengthens their sense of belonging and recognition, and continuously pools broad consensus on global governance
(The author is Executive Vice Dean of Qiushi College, Zhejiang University)
Return to TopBy: 江秋丽
Language policy is an important representation of national cultural sovereignty, and holds profound significance for shaping national cultural identity, regulating the order of social operation, and conducting geopolitical strategic competition. The five Central Asian countries are located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent; they are a key zone for the convergence of diverse civilizations and a critical hub that affects the geopolitical landscape. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the five Central Asian countries have used language policy reform as an important lever for nation-building and have continuously implemented adjustments, which have not only reshaped their respective national cultural systems and social governance patterns but have also profoundly rewritten the regional linguistic ecology and Eurasian geopolitical interactions.
For more than 30 years, the five Central Asian countries have continuously carried out language policy reforms. In the early stages of independence, the primary task of the five countries was to break the pattern of Russian language monopoly and establish the legal status of the languages of the titular ethnic groups as official state languages through legislation, thereby completing the preliminary construction of linguistic sovereignty. Turkmenistan was the first to establish its national language as the official state language in 1990 and completed a comprehensive restructuring of its script toward Latinization in 1996. Uzbekistan established the status of its state language in 1989 and launched the transition from Cyrillic to Latin script in 1993. Kazakhstan and Tajikistan laid the legal foundations for state languages by relying on their respective 1993 and 1994 Constitutions, respectively, and clarified the auxiliary function of Russian for interethnic communication. Entering a period of stable economic construction, the five countries prudently adjusted radical monolingual governance approaches based on their multi-ethnic national conditions, balancing the popularization of state languages with the linguistic needs of various ethnic groups. Kyrgyzstan has adhered to a moderate governance model, maintaining a bilingual compatibility pattern over the long term; Tajikistan has continuously revised its language legislation to improve its multi-language governance system.
In recent years, relying on changes in the geopolitical landscape and the needs of national modernization, the five countries have intensively launched new language policies, significantly accelerating the pace of reform and presenting new characteristics. First, the focus of reform has shifted toward deepening de-Russification and the rigid popularization of state languages, with the attribute of sovereignty becoming increasingly prominent. Compared to the early moderate adjustments that merely established the legal status of state languages, in recent years, the five countries have continuously tightened the application scenarios of the Russian language and weakened the traditional privileges of Russian, gradually stripping away the residual influence of Soviet language and culture. Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan have completely abolished the official status of the Russian language, and Russian identifiers have been comprehensively purged from the public sphere; Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan have finely adjusted the functional positioning of Russian, compressing the space for its use in government affairs. At the same time, the five countries use rigid institutions to strengthen the implementation of state languages; Kyrgyzstan has incorporated state language proficiency into the recruitment and assessment of public officials, and Uzbekistan has comprehensively implemented Latinized state language instruction in basic education, using institutional constraints to promote the languages of the titular ethnic groups into the absolute mainstream of government affairs, education, media, and public services, further consolidating national linguistic sovereignty. Second, script reform has entered a stage of consolidation and standardization to improve quality, and the modernization transition has basically taken root. The Latinization script reforms in the five Central Asian countries have shifted from simple letter substitution to refined governance characterized by standardization, normalization, and full coverage of scenarios. Turkmenistan continues to consolidate the results of comprehensive Latinization, firmly maintaining the dominant advantage of the state language in media and higher education; Kazakhstan has continued to optimize its Latin alphabet system on the basis of the 2017 reforms, with large-scale implementation in the fields of education and official documents to be completed in 2026, entering a period of reform consolidation and enhancement; Uzbekistan will issue new policies in 2026, clarifying that Cyrillic script will only be used for historical document research, thereby completely completing the iteration of the script system, fully aligning with international universal writing standards, and breaking the long-term shackles of the Soviet-era script system. Third, the linguistic landscape is moving toward proactive multi-dimensional empowerment to serve diversified geopolitical development. Breaking through the previous governance model of passively balancing multi-language relationships, the five countries have proactively laid out multi-language foreign language systems to create a linguistic ecology suited to opening up to the outside world. Under the premise of preserving the basic communicative function of the Russian language, the five countries have generally increased the proportion of English language teaching to adapt to global economic, trade, and technological cooperation; they have actively expanded education in languages such as Chinese and Turkish to deeply connect with the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路, yi dai yi lu - "one belt one road") economic and trade cooperation and regional cultural linkages. This proactive multi-language policy has broken the pattern of single Russian monopoly and formed a new linguistic form of "state language as the core, multi-language collaborative empowerment," providing solid support for Central Asia to enhance its geopolitical strategic autonomy and expand its diversified diplomatic space.
The continuous adjustment and iterative upgrading of the language policy reforms in the five Central Asian countries can be summarized into the following aspects regarding their deep-seated drivers. First, the internal need to construct national identity and consolidate the foundations of sovereign culture. The Soviet Union's decades-long rule formed a solidified pattern where the Russian language monopolized the political, educational, and media spheres, causing the native languages of the five Central Asian countries to be marginalized, national cultural distinctiveness to be weakened, and national identity to be blurred. After independence, the newly born sovereign states of Central Asia urgently needed to strip away the Soviet cultural imprint and reshape an independent national identity. As the carrier of national culture and the symbol of national cultural sovereignty, language has become the core lever for building national consensus and cultivating national identity. Through strengthening the legal status of state languages, innovating script systems, and regulating the use of local languages, the five countries have constructed exclusive national cultural systems, completely completing the identity transformation from "union republic languages" to "sovereign state languages," thereby building a solid cultural foundation for independent and autonomous national development. Second, the practical need to adapt to diverse ethnic structures and maintain social stability and governance. The five Central Asian countries are all typical multi-ethnic states, with a large number of Russian-speaking ethnic groups and various other ethnic minorities distributed within their borders, resulting in complex linguistic structures and diverse ethnic demands. The radical monolingual reforms in the early stages of independence could easily trigger ethnic conflicts, tear apart social consensus, and threaten social stability. The five countries have continuously and dynamically adjusted their language policies, breaking through the single-track development path; while upholding the core status of the languages of the titular ethnic groups, they have preserved the interethnic communicative function of the Russian language and protected the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minority languages, constructing an inclusive multi-language ecology, effectively resolving the ethnic tensions brought about by language reform, adapting to the realities of their respective social governance, and ensuring long-term social stability (长治久安, chang zhi jiu an - "long lasting, long peace"). Third, the external need to escape the predicament of geopolitical dependency and enhance strategic autonomy and geopolitical discourse power. For a long time, the Russian language has been the bond used by Russia to maintain its political, cultural, and social influence in Central Asia; the linguistic landscape of the five Central Asian countries has been deeply dependent on Russia, resulting in a serious lack of autonomy in external development. Against the background of the profound evolution of the international landscape, the five Central Asian countries have proactively weakened the monopoly of the Russian language through language reform to break the pattern of single geopolitical dependency. On one hand, they need to rely on Latinization reforms to connect with international universal systems and expand space for internationalized development; on the other hand, they are laying out diverse foreign language systems such as English, Chinese, and Turkish to connect with global economic, trade, technological, and cultural cooperation, proactively integrating into diverse international cooperation systems, enhancing their own subjectivity and discourse power in geopolitical competition, and achieving a dynamic balance in external geopolitical relations.
The systematic adjustment and continuous innovation of the language policies in the five Central Asian countries have profoundly reshaped the interaction patterns between Central Asia and Russia, Turkey, and global external forces. First, it has reshaped the traditional geopolitical competition pattern with Russia, forming balanced bilateral relations. Russia uses the Russian language as a lever to maintain its traditional sphere of influence in Central Asia and consolidate regional influence; the five Central Asian countries' weakening of the legal status of the Russian language and their promotion of Latinization reforms have greatly compressed the dissemination and survival space of the Russian language, weakening the humanitarian soft power that Russia has maintained for decades, and triggering strategic concerns and public opinion competition from the Russian side. Russia maintains its influence through methods such as building new Russian-language schools, providing educational resources, and strengthening the output of Russian culture. The five Central Asian countries insist that language reform is an internal domestic matter and resolutely defend their linguistic and cultural sovereignty; at the same time, out of the practical needs of geopolitical security, economic and trade cooperation, and labor exchanges, they have not completely abandoned the Russian language, preserving its interethnic communicative function, and forming a new type of geopolitical relationship characterized by "sovereign autonomy, moderate compromise, and dynamic balancing," which has changed the geopolitical pattern of Central Asia's one-way dependency on Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Second, it has deepened the regional cultural and economic connections between Central Asia and Turkey, expanding the space for Southward cooperation. The comprehensive Latinization script reforms promoted by the five Central Asian countries are highly compatible with the Turkish script system, building a natural bridge for cultural exchange, educational cooperation, and cultural convergence between the two sides. Constrained by levels of economic development and scientific research strength, most countries in Central Asia have practical shortcomings such as weak technical capacity for language standardization, insufficient development of domestic textbooks, and difficulties in implementing language reforms. Turkey focuses on the development needs of Central Asia, continuously providing technical support for script reform, educational assistance, and talent training support, thereby integrating into the Central Asian geopolitical market, strengthening the cultural connection of Turkic-speaking countries, and promoting the continuous deepening of economic, trade, cultural, and strategic cooperation between the two sides. At the same time, the five Central Asian countries maintain high strategic vigilance, strictly guarding against external forces using language cooperation to interfere in domestic affairs and upholding the bottom line of national sovereignty. Third, it has constructed a diverse and open internationalized geopolitical landscape, enhancing the overall strategic status of Central Asia. The traditional linguistic landscape dominated by the Russian language has been dismantled, promoting the development of the Central Asian linguistic ecology toward diversification and internationalization. The popularization of English helps Central Asia connect with the global economic and trade system and frontier technological fields, breaking the regional development closedness; the implementation and promotion of Chinese language education deeply empowers Central Asia to connect with the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative cooperation, consolidating the linguistic foundation for cross-border economic, trade, cultural, and infrastructure cooperation; Turkish language teaching deepens the linkage and collaboration of similar civilizations in the region. The formation of a diverse foreign language landscape allows Central Asia to completely escape single geopolitical dependency, making external cooperation channels more diverse and diplomatic choices more autonomous, significantly enhancing the overall regional identity and geopolitical discourse power of Central Asia, and effectively promoting the high-quality development of Central Asian regional integration and internationalization.
(The author is the Head of the Russian Department of the School of Foreign Languages at Xinjiang University)
Return to TopBy: 靳冠辉
In April 2026, Japan revised its "Three Principles on Transfer of Defense Equipment and Technology" and its operational guidelines, fully lifting the ban on exports of lethal weapons. This not only affects the trajectory of geopolitical security in East Asia, but also opens an institutional gap for the external diffusion of Japan's dual-use biotechnology and related biological equipment. At present, a new round of the biotechnology revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, biotechnology has become a key field reshaping the global competitive landscape and affecting the balance of power among major countries, and the weight of biosecurity in the national security system continues to rise. As Japan fully embeds cutting-edge biotechnology into its economic security, scientific and technological competition, and geostrategic layout, the spillover effects of relevant policy adjustments continue to manifest, bringing many practical risks to biosecurity in the Asia-Pacific region that cannot be ignored.
In recent years, Japan's biotechnology development has entered a period of deep adjustment, presenting the following new characteristics. First, the security-oriented attribute of biotechnology development has become increasingly prominent. Japan's strategic positioning of biotechnology has been continuously elevated, and security-oriented has become the core principle of its development layout. As early as in the "Economic Security Promotion Act" issued in 2022, Japan designated biotechnology and genomics as cutting-edge technologies, clearly stipulating that once a security risk is determined to exist, they will be immediately included in the category of specified critical technologies and subjected to strict control. In 2026, the Japanese government further incorporated synthetic biology and biotechnology into its 17 key strategic fields, specially establishing a"Working Group on Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology" to coordinate technological research and development, industrial cultivation, and international cooperation. This series of measures marks that biotechnology has been upgraded from an important industry driving economic growth to a core strategic resource supporting national economic security competition
Second, the digital-intelligent integration of biotechnology development continues to deepen. Japan is currently accelerating the integration of biotechnology with artificial intelligence, big data, and other technologies, and biotechnological innovation is gradually shifting from a traditional experiment-driven model to a new model driven by the synergy of data and intelligence. At the national level, the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) leads the implementation of the national industry-academia-government collaborative AI drug discovery project (DAI-IA), promoting the coordinated application of drug discovery data, biomedical databases, and artificial intelligence technologies, and accelerating drug discovery processes and efficiency. At the enterprise level, NEC Corporation (NEC) uses generative artificial intelligence to generate medical synthetic data on a scale of 150,000 people, while Fujitsu uses artificial intelligence technology to predict protein structure changes and accelerate drug discovery, etc., promoting the development of biological researchand development toward intelligence, automation, and platformization
Third, the geostrategic orientation of biotechnology foreign cooperation has become increasingly pronounced. At present, Japan's foreign cooperation in biotechnology has become an important tool for implementing its geostrategy, deeply serving its own geopolitical objectives, and exhibiting obvious camp-based characteristics. In October 2025, the United States and Japan signed the"Agreement on Technology and Prosperity," listing biotechnology, artificial intelligence, quantum technology, and others jointly as core strategic frontier fields, and committing to promote deep collaboration among national laboratories, universities, and enterprises, and jointly safeguard the security of biotechnology supply chains. In addition, Japan also actively relies on multilateral frameworks such as the Group of Seven and the U.S.-Japan-India-Australia Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) (四边机制, si bian ji zhi - "four sides mechanism"), to build exclusive supply systems in areas such as vaccine capacity allocation and supply of key biological components, and the camp-based tendency of technological cooperation continues to stand out
Behind Japan's strategic adjustment of biotechnology lie its deep-seated strategic considerations. First, it expands the boundary of bioeconomic security and enhances national security capacity building. Fully incorporating biotechnology into the national security governance framework is a key starting point for Japan to strengthen strategic control and enhance national security capacity building. By establishing the"specified critical technologies" system, Japan brings frontier technologies including biotechnology into the scope of national key protection and cultivation, and relying on government-led researchand development funding and risk assessment mechanisms, it increases strategic investment inand security control over biotechnology. In the"system for stable supply of specified critical materials," antibacterial drugs, biological agents, and others are included in the key guarantee list, enhancing the country's independent and controllable level of biosecurity-related resources from the supply chain dimension. Thus, biotechnology is integrated into the national security governance system, strategic control over key biotechnologies and biological resources is strengthened, making it a core component of national security capacity building
Second, it seizes the high ground of biotechnology competition and reshapes the advantageous position of biotechnology. Responding to the adjustment of the global biotechnology landscape and reversing the decline in industrial competitiveness are important motivations for Japan to upgrade its biotechnology strategy. At the end of the 20th century, Japan once possessed relatively strong international competitiveness in biopharmaceuticals, industrial biotechnology, and other fields. However, in recent years, as the United States rapidly takes the lead by virtue of its capital advantages and innovation ecosystem, and China's biomanufacturing and biopharmaceutical industries rise rapidly, Japan's first-mover advantage in the global biotechnology field has gradually narrowed, and its innovation vitality and industrial competitiveness face new challenges. According to a report by the Japan National Institute of Science and Technology Policy(NISTEP), Japan's global ranking of top 10% highly cited papers has dropped from around 4th in around 2000 to 13th, indicating that the competitiveness of high-impact basic research, including life sciences, is generally declining. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Japan's high dependence on overseas countries in mRNA vaccine researchand development, industrialization, and supply chain security exposed the shortcomings of its bioindustry and the weaknesses of its industrial system, prompting it to accelerate strategic adjustment
Third, it integrates into the great-power biotechnology competition and supports the geostrategic layout of the Indo-Pacific Strategy. Coordinating with the U.S.-led strategic layout of great-power scientific and technological competition is a key consideration in Japan's strategic shift in biotechnology. At the level of policy and regulation, Japan closely follows the U.S. science and technology control trends, and by revising the"Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act," it significantly tightens foreign investment security reviews in high-tech fields such as biopharmaceuticals, guarding against geopolitical competitors obtaining its sensitive biotechnology assets and core data. At the level of industrial layout, Japan goes all out to promote friend-shoring (友岸外包, you an wai bao - "friend shore outsourcing") of biological supply chains, restricting sensitive links such as clinical trials, researchand development, and manufacturing to within the United States, Japan, and their camp, attempting to build a highly resilient biotechnology industrial ecosystem that excludes competitors, serving the overall strategic deployment of great-power scientific and technological competition
The strategic adjustment of Japan's biotechnology development has brought enormous regional security hidden dangers to the people of the world. First, technological iteration and upgrading exacerbate the hidden danger of loss of control over biosecurity. The contradiction between improved researchand development efficiency and lagging regulatory systems makes Japan's rapid biotechnology iteration harbor serious risks of loss of control. At present, Japan is vigorously promoting deep involvement of artificial intelligence in biological design, experimental optimization, and outcome iteration, which, while able to shorten the cycle for new technologies to move from the laboratory to industrial application, has not yet formed a mature regulatory and normative system in areas such as AI-assisted researchand development and digital biological design. Once relevant technologies are misused, abused, or laboratory leaks occur, their impact will break through the geographical boundaries of traditional biosecurity incidents and rapidly spread through personnel mobility, industrial chain collaboration, and cross-border trade, forming a chain-like impact on regional public health security, ecological security, and even national security
Second, camp-based cooperation weakens the effectiveness of regional biosecurity governance. The camp-based and exclusive trends in biotechnology cooperation are undermining the cooperative foundation and overall effectiveness of regional biosecurity governance. Biosecurity risks have the characteristics of cross-border transmission and global spread, and effective governance cannot be achieved without open cooperation, information sharing, and rule coordination. However, Japan's foreign cooperation in biotechnology clearly shows a camp-based, exclusive tendency, increasingly relying on frameworks such as the U.S.-Japan-India-Australia Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) and the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework to advance key technological cooperation and supply chain restructuring, and biotechnology cooperation is shifting from openness and sharing to being dominated by"small circles." This will not only cause fragmentation of regional biological governance rules and camp confrontation, but also raise the coordination costs of cross-border epidemic joint prevention, control, and joint risk response, directly weakening the overall effectiveness of the regional biosecurity governance system
Third, the diffusion of dual-use biotechnology raises the risk of a biological arms race. The combination of the dual-use nature of Japan's cutting-edge biotechnology and the loosening of its arms export policy has significantly raised the risk of a regional biological arms race. In recent years, cutting-edge technologies that Japan has focused on developing, such as synthetic biology, gene editing, and AI-assisted biological design, all bear a distinct dual-use attribute. In particular, after the Ishiba Shigeru government fully lifted the ban on lethal weapons exports, the export of biotechnology and related biological equipment is no longer restricted, which can easily trigger security concerns and strategic misjudgment among neighboring countries, raising the risk of a regional biological arms race.
Return to TopBy: 王金柱
Insisting on promoting the normalization and long-term effectiveness of work style construction is one of the essential connotations centrally summarized in Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, and it is the focused priority and direction for deepening work style construction at the present time. The Party's work style is the Party's image; it relates to the support or opposition of the people (人心向背, ren xin xiang bei - "human heart, direction of leaning"), and it relates to the very survival of the Party. Work style construction must be integrated into daily life, grasped in regularity, formed into a norm, and achieved through long-term effectiveness; furthermore, it must be internalized in the heart, externalized in action, and solidified into systems, allowing a clean and upright atmosphere to surge across the land of China, ensuring that the Party always breathes, shares a destiny, and remains connected at heart with the people.
Focusing on core issues, closely maintaining the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the masses
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "The core of work style issues is the issue of the relationship between the Party and the masses." The Party's work style is a barometer for observing the relationship between the Party, its cadres, and the masses, as well as the support or opposition of the people. If the Party's work style is upright and the people's morale is smooth, the Party and the people can share joys and sorrows (同甘共苦, tong gan gong ku - "together sweet, together bitter"). To strengthen work style construction, one must closely focus on maintaining the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the masses, enhance the concept and sentiment of the masses, stand firm on the people's standpoint, continuously thicken the mass foundation of the Party's governance, and always practice the fundamental purpose to serve the people wholeheartedly (全心全意为人民服务, quan xin quan yi wei ren min fu wu - "whole heart, whole intention, for people, serve"). We must establish and practice correct views on power, interests, and political achievements; uphold the principle that "power is endowed by the people and used for the people"; hold the bottom line and red line that "if one is an official, one should not seek to make a fortune, and if one makes a fortune, one should not be an official"; discard the thought of putting interests first and the idea of privilege; place the masses in the highest position of the heart, and be good "servants of the people" in the new era. Our Party has no special interests of its own; the interests of the Party and the interests of the people are essentially highly unified and completely consistent. Effectively realizing, maintaining, and developing the fundamental interests of the broadest masses is the starting point and the ultimate goal of all the Party's work.
Walking the Party's mass line well in the new era, actively blending in with the masses, and winning the people's hearts through healthy interaction between the Party and the masses. One of the great advantages of our Party's long-term governance is concentrating strength to accomplish great things, but how can we ensure that these great things are accomplished in a way that satisfies the masses? Walking the mass line well is a fundamental way. The Party Constitution emphasizes that democratic centralism is the application of the mass line in the life of the Party. Implementing the mass line is also the manifestation of the principle of democratic centralism in handling the relationship between the Party and the masses. Whether making decisions or producing political achievements, only by coming from the masses and going to the masses (从群众中来，到群众中去, cong zhong qiu zhong lai, dao zhong qiu zhong qu - "from masses, come, to masses, go") can one achieve scientific decision-making and democratic decision-making, and produce achievements that conform to the will of the masses; this is a major key for the Party to win the people's hearts. One must never make decisions by "patting one's head," make guarantees by "patting one's chest," or "patting one's buttocks and walking away" when something goes wrong, as that will result in the total loss of public support. Walking the mass line well is also an effective way to realize interaction between the Party and the masses. One must enhance healthy interaction between the Party and the masses through walking the mass line well to better serve the people; one must listen widely to the voices of the masses, treat the problems strongly reflected by the masses seriously, resolutely correct behaviors that harm the interests of the masses, focus on solving the urgent, difficult, anxious, and worried problems of the masses, and continuously enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security. At the same time, through pragmatic and effective mass work, one should mobilize and organize the broad masses, gathering the majestic strength of entrepreneurship and undertaking, to promote the continuous achievement of greater results in the cause of the Party and the people.
Grasping the "key minority," and making good use of the exemplary and leading role of leading cadres
To strengthen the Party's work style construction, one must highlight the exemplary role of leading cadres, especially senior cadres, to form a "leading goose effect." Leading cadres taking the lead to charge at the front and act first is the key to our Party's cohesion and success. Insisting on starting from the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and grasping leading cadres, and improving work style by leading from the top down, is the key to the significant achievements made in work style construction in the new era. Wind is formed from above and custom is formed from below. "If people do not lead, others will not follow; if one does not act first, others will not believe." Leading cadres must both strictly practice self-discipline, consciously struggle against the thought and phenomenon of privilege, and be accustomed to working and living in an environment of supervision and constraint; they must also earnestly fulfill their duties and responsibilities, improve the atmosphere in the fields they oversee, dare to grasp and manage, manage strictly and rigorously, and manage well and skillfully, ensuring that problems within their scope of responsibility can be discovered in a timely manner and resolved in a timely manner when discovered; they must also manage their family members and relatives well, and manage the people and matters around them well, forming clean and refreshing comrade relationships and orderly superior-subordinate relationships, and fulfill their responsibilities and lead by example in insisting on clean and close relations between government and business and creating an upward and good social atmosphere and folk custom.
To strengthen the work style construction of leading cadres, one must take tempering Party spirit as the fundamental measure. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Work style reflects image and quality, embodies Party spirit, and the decisive factor is also Party spirit." Work style issues are essentially issues of Party spirit. To strengthen work style construction, one cannot simply discuss matters case by case, but must learn from one case and apply it to others (举一反三, ju yi fan san - "lift one, reflect three"), look through work style to see Party spirit, and solve problems of Party spirit on the basis of solving work style issues. Forge the political soul of ideal and belief purposes and strengthen the cultivation of excellent work style; strengthen ideological construction and Party spirit education, continuously strengthen theoretical armament, and use the Party's innovative theories to consolidate the soul; be able to correctly handle the relationships between right and wrong, public and private, and gain and loss, achieving the ability to understand great morality, uphold public morality, and strictly observe private morality, to value character, rectify conduct, and cultivate nature, and to forge strong Party spirit, temper ability and quality, and hone the character of responsibility in promoting excellent work style.
Focusing on difficult and persistent problems, using the spirit of a nail to persevere unremittingly (锲而不舍, qie er bu she - "drill, and, not, abandon") in rectifying the "Four Winds"
To promote the normalization and long-term effectiveness of work style construction, one must focus on difficult and persistent problems, anchor key tasks, thoroughly uproot the soil and conditions that produce bad work styles, and fight a long and tough battle in work style construction. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the rectification of the "Four Winds" by the entire Party has achieved significant results, but many problems and challenges remain. The "Four Winds" problems are like trees with their roots still intact, the soil still exists; the existing stock of improper styles has not been exhausted, and the increase is still prone to occurring frequently, with old problems and new manifestations intertwining. For example, from "mountains of documents and seas of meetings" to "formalism on fingertips," from "material-based achievements" to "digital fraud," from "difficult to enter the door, difficult to see a smile, and difficult to handle matters" to "easy to enter the door, easy to see a smile, but difficult to handle matters," and from "decisions made by patting one's head" to "lying flat and inaction," and then to "obeying in appearance but defying in essence through chaotic inaction." For instance, some create project works within the "visible range" of leaders, some use meetings to implement meetings, some imitate crudely (照猫画虎, zhao mao hua hu - "follow cat, draw tiger") when making decisions or establishing systems, some "produce achievements" through packaged materials, and some turn "fulfilling responsibility" into "shifting responsibility," and so on. These problems appear to be new manifestations but are actually old problems; they appear to be individual cases but are actually not few. This indicates that "Four Winds" problems possess stubbornness and recurrence, and strengthening work style construction is a process that is always in progress and never completed.
In rectifying the "Four Winds," one must never stop or slacken; one must fully recognize the diversity and variability of "Four Winds" problems, especially formalism and bureaucracy, and improve the ability to discover and solve problems. One must clearly understand the specific manifestations of "Four Winds" problems in different periods, different regions, and different departments, and closely link them to reality, both solving old problems and searching for new ones; both paying attention to explicit problems and not letting implicit problems go; both sweeping away surface-level problems and tackling deep-seated difficulties, thereby grasping habits and establishing long-term effectiveness. To persevere unremittingly in uprooting formalism, one must establish a style of seeking truth from facts, starting from the depths to break through the subjectivism and utilitarianism in the minds of Party members and cadres, and resolutely rectify the misalignment of views on political achievements and the lack of responsibility, guiding and educating Party members and cadres to ensure their words and deeds are consistent, to be brave in taking responsibility and acting, and to place the interests of the masses first; to take real action and confront difficulties to break through bureaucracy, one must let the sense of service enter the hearts of the people, start from the depths to break through "official-centered" thinking, and resolutely rectify certain cadres who stand high above and are detached from the masses, guiding and educating Party members and cadres to practice their original mission and remember their fundamental purpose, winning the trust and support of the masses through actual actions. Party members and cadres must consciously inherit and promote the excellent tradition of hard struggle, and forever maintain their true colors of hard struggle and thrift; use high-pressure, heavy-handed measures to eliminate the wind of extravagance, letting integrity and honesty become the fashion, as the wind of extravagance both wastes social wealth and damages the Party's image and the relationship between the Party and the masses, and must be struck as soon as it shows its head, without any leniency. Always treat the Central Committee's Eight-Point Regulation as a long-term and effective iron rule and hard standard, make good use of this "golden business card" of work style construction in the new era, and insist on being pragmatic and leaving a lasting impact (踏石留印, ta shi liu yin - "step stone, leave mark"), to be resolute and leave a mark (抓铁有痕, zhua tie you hen - "grasp iron, have trace"), and promote the continuous in-depth development of the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.
Based on long-term fundamentals, integrating institutional construction into all aspects and the entire process of work style construction
A scientific, complete, and effectively usable institutional system is a reliable guarantee for the Party's work style construction. To strengthen the Party's work style construction, one must focus on constructing long-term mechanisms and integrate institutional construction throughout the entire process and all aspects. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "One must, through clear institutional orientation, unify being approachable, clean, and diligent with being harmonious and incorruptible, liberate the hands and feet of cadres from the shackles and 'routines' of formalism and bureaucracy, and form a new atmosphere of seeking truth from facts and being clean and upright." Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has implemented the strict strengthening of work style construction into regulations and systems such as the "Regulations on Disciplinary Actions of the Communist Party of China" and the "Regulations on Intra-Party Supervision of the Communist Party of China," and has written the requirements for work style construction into the system of intra-Party regulations and systems. The Central Committee's Eight-Point Regulation was formulated and introduced, and its implementation details were continuously improved; targeting "Four Winds" problems, a series of rules and regulations were specifically introduced, and the institutional system for work style construction was continuously improved. Localities and departments have worked hard to establish rules and systems and refined supporting institutional regulations, providing a powerful institutional guarantee for promoting normalization and long-term effectiveness through the institutionalization of work style construction.
Continuously summarize the effective experiences of work style construction in the new era, and promptly transform the practical results of implementing the spirit of the Central Committee's Eight-Point Regulation, rectifying the "Four Winds," and establishing new styles into institutional norms. Further improve the institutional mechanisms for preventing and controlling formalism and bureaucracy to ensure that the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee are implemented without compromise, to stimulate Party members and cadres to perform their duties with loyalty, to be brave in taking responsibility and acting, to effectively safeguard the interests of the masses, and to exert all efforts to reduce the burden at the grassroots level. Further improve the institutional mechanisms for preventing and controlling hedonism and the wind of extravagance, insist on conducting all undertakings with thrift, resolutely oppose showing off and being ostentatious, and keep a close watch on hedonism and the wind of extravagance, following through to the end. Establish and improve the system and working mechanism for the simultaneous investigation and treatment of wind and corruption, so that one must both investigate corruption through wind to prevent using wind to cover up corruption, deeply digging into corruption problems such as requesting favors and transferring interests behind improper styles; and one must also correct wind through corruption, carefully investigating work style problems such as hedonism and extravagance behind corruption, to promote the achievement of substantive results in work style construction in the new era.
The vitality of a system lies in its execution; one must use the spirit of a nail to grasp work style construction regularly, finely, and for the long term. Insist on grasping it regularly to form a norm; insist on grasping it finely to ensure implementation; insist on grasping it for the long term to achieve long-term effectiveness, "until the style truly becomes a custom." Party organizations at all levels must treat work style construction as a long-term task to be grasped unremittingly, incorporate it into the scope of daily work, and regularly research, deploy, and promote it; integrate it into the Party's organizational life systems such as "three meetings and one lesson," form normalized institutional mechanisms, and establish and improve supervision, inspection, and assessment mechanisms; attach importance to starting from fine and small details, implementing it strictly and finely for every individual; insist on repeated grasping, maintain strategic determination, and continuously improve work style through continuous strengthening and dynamic correction. Insist on strengthening the foundation and cultivating the source, treating both the symptoms and the root causes, using reform methods to consolidate the achievements of work style construction, and transforming institutional constraints into internal identification and behavioral self-consciousness. Combine the inheritance and promotion of the Party's excellent traditions with the exploration and innovation of work style construction methods and paths; combine the transformation of Party style and government style with leading the people's customs and social atmosphere toward being upward and good; use the tenacity and persistence of always being on the road to deepen work style construction, starting well and finishing well, and using excellent work style to consolidate strength and cohesion, to promote Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化, zhong guo shi xiang hua - "China style, modernization") to move steadily and go far.
Return to TopBy: 许玉镇
In recent years, the problem of formalities "at the fingertips" has become prominent. According to public reports on the website of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Supervisory Commission, when the Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was building its "Internet + government services" venue, it departed from actual practical needs and blindly pursued "tall, grand, and upscale." The unit additionally built 48 digital LCD screens and full-color screens, with a total area of 105.61 square meters, of which 3 large screens had a total area of 76.3 square meters, costing 2.2753 million yuan. These screens were mainly used to receive visitors and tours, were basically in a switched-off state on ordinary days, and had been reduced to "decorations." In May 2023, Sun Mou, a community urban management specialist in Nanshahekou Subdistrict, Shahekou District, Dalian City, after receiving a work order dispatched by the Dalian Smart Urban Management Platform concerning the problem of illegally piled construction waste, did not carry out substantive cleaning and disposal as required. In order to cope with the assessment, Sun Mou, two days before the prescribed deadline for case closure, actually took the liberty of using photo-editing software to conduct "PS" processing on the on-site images reflected by the platform, using the forged "processed" images as proof of completed rectification and feeding them back to the platform. His act of falsification caused adverse effects. In October 2023, Sun Mou was given a warning within the Party discipline.
As can be seen from the above typical cases, some Party-member cadres and grassroots public officials, in performing their duties, emphasize surface over substance, emphasize traces over implementation, depart from actual work realities, and deviate from the original intention of performing their duties. The specific manifestations are mainly concentrated in four aspects: First, a misplaced view of political achievements, with an enthusiasm for creating superficial political achievements. Some unit Party-member cadres deviate from the original intention of improving quality and efficiency of government services and serving the people, one-sidedly pursue external image and visiting effects, expend large amounts of fiscal funds to build showy but lacking substance (华而不实, hua er bu shi - "magnificent, but not real") hardware facilities and information systems with extremely low utilization rates, placing the focus of work on "creating highlights and putting up a facade," causing serious waste of public resources. Second, decision-making divorced from reality, with arbitrary behavior in performing duties. Before carrying out government project construction, no on-site research, demand survey, or feasibility demonstration was conducted; projects were blindly pushed to implementation based solely on subjective will, resulting in the completed government systems being disconnected from actual work needs, unable to be put into normal use, and project construction completely degenerating into mere formality. Third, a floating work style, with relatively passive performance of duties. There is neglect of management of government projects already implemented, indifference toward idle and ineffective government systems, perfunctory handling of rectification tasks assigned by superiors, and a lack of a work style of taking the initiative to shoulder responsibility and truly grasping implementation. Fourth, falsification to cope with requirements, deceiving superiors and subordinates alike with distorted truth. Online work platforms are alienated into tools for coping with assessments and evading accountability; instead of taking on-site rectification results as the work standard, people instead forge work achievements, alter online traces, through means such as photo-editing fraud, false reporting, and untruthful briefings, deliberately deceiving superiors' inspection and assessment, seriously violating the work principle of being realistic and seeking truth from facts (实事求是, shi shi qiu shi - "seek truth from facts").
Article 57 of the "Regulations on Disciplinary Actions of the Communist Party of China" stipulates that if Party-member leading cadres have a misplaced view of political achievements, violate the new development philosophy, deviate from the requirements of high-quality development, and cause relatively major losses to the interests of the Party, the state, and the people, they shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, they shall be given removal from Party posts or probation within the Party; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the Party. Those who engage in "image projects" or "political achievement projects" that exhaust the people and waste public money shall be given heavier or aggravated punishment. Article 132 stipulates that if any of the following acts occurs, causing serious damage or serious adverse impact, the persons directly responsible and the persons bearing leadership responsibility shall be given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, they shall be given removal from Party posts or probation within the Party; if the circumstances are serious, they shall be expelled from the Party: (1) being keen on creating a stir through public opinion, floating on the surface; (2) purely using meetings to implement meetings, using documents to implement documents, without taking action in actual work; (3) departing from reality, failing to conduct in-depth investigation and research, engaging in arbitrary decision-making and mechanical execution; (4) violating the relevant provisions on reducing documents and meetings by engaging in excessive paperwork and meetings (文山会海, wen shan hui hai - "mountain of documents, sea of meetings"); (5) in inspection, supervision, assessment, and other work, engaging in imposing increasingly stringent requirements at every level (层层加码, ceng ceng jia ma - "layer upon layer, adding weight"), excessive retention of traces, increasing the burden of grassroots work; (6) other acts of formalism and bureaucratism in work. The "Several Provisions on Rectifying Formalism to Reduce Burdens at the Grassroots Level" issued by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council clearly stipulates regulating the management of government mobile Internet applications.
The above typical cases profoundly reveal the harm caused by "formalism at the fingertips." First, it delays the advancement of grassroots work. Grassroots cadres one-sidedly pile up ledgers and create achievements on paper, expending a great deal of energy on welcoming inspections and fabricating achievements, while practical matters that truly benefit the people are shelved and delayed, policy deployments remain at the document level, various key tasks are difficult to implement effectively, hindering the steady development of grassroots undertakings. Second, it damages the relationship between the Party, cadres, and the masses. Grassroots Party-member cadres are the "last kilometer" of serving the masses; this kind of performance of duties that only emphasizes form but does not handle practical matters leaves the people's urgent, difficult, worried, and anxious problems unresolved, eroding the people's sense of gain and undermining the Party organization's credibility in the hearts of the masses. Third, it dissipates the practical work ethos of Party-member cadres. Formalism and bureaucratism easily form bad examples, breeding a passive mentality of "the more you do, the more mistakes you make; better to do less but leave traces," and fueling a bad work atmosphere of perfunctoriness.
Through the above cases, it can be found that the problems of formalism and bureaucratism in grassroots performance of duties have multiple causes. First, deviations in the view of political achievements. Some Party-member cadres have deviations in value orientation, one-sidedly pursuing visible, easily assessable explicit achievements, neglecting practical matters concerning people's livelihoods and long-term development effectiveness, harboring erroneous cognition that emphasizes explicit achievements over potential achievements, with bureaucratic thinking dominating work planning. Second, weakening of the awareness of responsibility in performing duties. Under the transmission mechanism of pressure added layer by layer from top to bottom, a small number of Party-member cadres fear difficulties and avoid responsibility, respond passively, lack the self-awareness of responsibility to perform duties for the people, are unwilling to personally engage in hard work when facing complex grassroots affairs, only seeking to pass safely and complete tasks perfunctorily. Third, shortcomings in the assessment mechanism. The design of the assessment and evaluation system is not scientific enough, over-relying on hard quantitative standards such as ledgers, reports, and quantitative indicators; superiors issue rigid task targets without considering grassroots realities, forcing grassroots units to expend energy on creating traces and leaving marks. Fourth, blind spots in supervision and accountability. Digital work tools bring about a technological shielding effect; various types of online form-filling and data ledgers easily conceal problems of false implementation, daily supervision finds it difficult to promptly distinguish surface-level work, and after false performance of duties occurs, the intensity of handling and punishment is insufficient, making it difficult to form rigid constraints.
All Party-member cadres must firmly establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, continuously deepen the study of the Party's innovative theories, and deeply grasp the people-centered development philosophy (以人民为中心的发展思想, yi ren min wei zhong xin de fa zhan si xiang - "take people as center, development, thought"). They must consciously abandon the utilitarian thinking that emphasizes visible ledgers over practical benefits for people's livelihoods, resolutely reverse the performance deviation of "emphasizing welcoming inspections over serving," and take people's satisfaction and the real effectiveness of grassroots development as the core yardstick for measuring the quality of work. They must regularly carry out special education on the view of political achievements and warning education using negative typical cases, dig deep into ideological root causes in light of the two typical cases, guide Party-member cadres to often conduct self-examination and self-inspection, cultivate the spiritual realm of "achievement need not be attributed to me" and the sense of responsibility of "achievement must certainly include me," consciously step out of the cognitive misunderstanding that "leaving traces means implementation," actively go down to the front line to resolve the people's urgent, difficult, worried, and anxious problems, replace paper materials and data reports with tangible benefits for the people, and cut off the soil for the growth of formalism from the ideological source.
Efforts must be made across the board to eradicate deep-seated bureaucratism, optimize the chain of pressure transmission from top to bottom, coordinate and standardize the standards for issuing tasks by superiors, and put an end to the phenomenon of apportioning rigid targets that depart from grassroots realities and involve imposing increasingly stringent requirements at every level. The assessment and evaluation system must be scientifically restructured, reducing the weight of paper ledgers, online form-filling, and quantitative data in assessments, improving differentiated and on-site assessment mechanisms, weakening the technological shielding loopholes brought by digital formalism, so that false performance of duties and paper-based implementation have nowhere to hide. The boundaries of powers and responsibilities between superiors, subordinates, and various levels must be clearly delineated, improving the system of a list of matters permitted at the grassroots level, putting an end to the unbounded downward transfer of responsibility, and reducing unnecessary transactional burdens at the grassroots level.
Party supervision, mass supervision channels must be coordinated and integrated, special inspections of grassroots performance of duties must be regularly carried out, timely interview and correct bureaucratic tendencies that emphasize surface over implementation and are divorced from the masses, and those who cling to bureaucratic work styles, engage in false implementation, and cause governance losses must be seriously held accountable in accordance with regulations. Digital work management norms must be continuously improved, redundant government platforms and repeated form-filling tasks must be cleaned up, and through institutional innovation, the "last kilometer" of policy implementation must be opened up, forcing organs at all levels to abandon the bureaucratic work style of being aloof, divorced from reality, and building a grassroots governance pattern that is linked from top to bottom, pragmatic, and efficient.
Return to TopBy: 孙海洋
The Party’s work style is the Party’s image, bears on the Party’s creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness, and determines the success or failure of the Party’s and the state’s undertakings. Persisting in advancing the normalization and long-term effectiveness of work style improvement is one of the essential connotations of the fourteen principles of Xi Jinping's party-building thought (十四个坚持, shi si ge jian chi - "fourteen, persist"), is an effective path for maintaining the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the masses, is an important experience for exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance in the new era, and is a powerful guarantee for achieving the goals and tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan" and boosting Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化, zhong guo shi xiang hua - "China style, modernization"). Our Party has always attached great importance to strengthening work style improvement, has formed and persisted in carrying forward glorious traditions and fine work styles including linking theory with practice (理论联系实际, li lun lian xi shi ji - "theory, connect, practice"), maintaining close ties with the masses, criticism and self-criticism (批评和自我批评, pi ping he zi wo pi ping - "criticize, and, self, criticize"), has maintained the Party’s advanced nature and purity, has won the support and endorsement of the broad masses, and has guaranteed the victory of revolution, construction, and reform undertakings. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has started the breakthrough from formulating and implementing the central eight-point regulation (中央八项规定, zhong yang ba xiang gui ding - "central, eight, items, regulation"), has persisted in establishing iron rules and imposing hard constraints, has persisted in leading from above by example, starting with the Political Bureau of the Central Committee taking the lead, has persisted in problem orientation, focusing on correcting the "four winds" (四风, si feng - "four, styles") (formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance) to carry out concentrated education anda series of special rectifications, has persisted in grasping regularity, grasping details, grasping long-term effects, holding and advancing one node at a time. After persevering and going the distance (持之以恒, chi zhi yi heng - "hold, with, continuously, persistent") in rectifying work style and discipline, the Party conduct and government conduct have taken on a completely new look, and social conduct and public sentiment have continued to improve. History and reality tell us that work style problems are by no means trivial matters. Work style problems themselves are stubborn, recurrent, andd hidden; with the development of the situation and changes in circumstances, work style problems also continuously evolve; if allowed to develop unchecked, the harm would be enormous. The core of work style problems is the question of the relationship between the Party and the masses; if we take work style problems lightly (掉以轻心, diao yi qing xin - "drop, with, light, heart"), the fish-and-water relationship between the Party and the people (鱼水关系, yu shui guan xi - "fish, water, relationship") will become alienated, our Party will lose its foundation, lose its lifeblood, lose its strength; therefore, the string of grasping work style problems must not be loosened. Work style improvement has only a "present continuous" tense, no "perfect" tense; it is by no means a makeshift or expedient measure (权宜之计, quan yi zhi ji - "expedient, of, plan"), but an eternal subject. At present, basically realizing socialist modernization has entered a critical period of consolidating the foundation and launching full-scale efforts; strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors have increased. Whether it is realizing the economic and social development goals of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, or advancing Chinese-style modernization, both place new and higher requirements on the Party’s work style improvement. On the new journey, the greater the risks, the more numerous the challenges, the heavier the tasks, the more necessary it is to strengthen the Party’s work style improvement, to use good work style to inspire spirit, stimulate fighting will, establish image, and win the people’s hearts.
Work style improvement is a systematic project; advancing the normalization and long-term effectiveness of work style improvement requires persisting in system thinking and comprehensive measures, converting the understanding of the laws of work style improvement into tangible results and effectiveness in undertaking affairs and starting businesses. First, persist in using the "key minority" to drive the "vast majority", using the "leading wild goose effect" to stimulate the "flock of wild geese vitality", giving play to the leading role of work style improvement. The work style of leading cadres, especially senior cadres, has an important influence on the direction of Party conduct, government conduct, and even the entire social atmosphere. Only by persisting in leading cadres taking the lead, practicing what one preaches (身体力行, shen ti li xing - "body, personally, implement, act"), can a trend of leading from above by example be formed, thereby promoting the whole society to uphold virtue and strive for goodness (崇德向善, chong de xiang shan - "venerate, virtue, toward, goodness"). Second, persist in simultaneously correcting the "four winds" and fostering new practices, combining treating both symptoms and root causes (治标与治本, zhi biao yu zhi ben - "treat, symptoms, and, treat, root"), highlighting the precision of work style improvement. While severely punishing unhealthy tendencies and continuously deepening the punishment of corruption, carry out publicity and education of new practices of the era, inherit and carry forward the Party’s glorious traditions and fine work styles. On the basis of targeted governance, efforts must also be made to build a long-term mechanism for work style improvement, tighten the "fence" of institutions, fill the shortcomings of supervision, and promote the normalization of work style improvement through the institutionalization of work style improvement. Third, persist in grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, linking the rectification of work style, the discipline of conduct, and the fight against corruption, enhancing the effectiveness of work style improvement. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline are an organic whole; Party spirit is the foundation, Party conduct is the manifestation, and Party discipline is the guarantee." Work style problems are essentially Party spirit problems. In work style improvement, it is necessary to take strengthening Party spirit cultivation as basic work, establish a correct view of political achievements that benefits the people. At the same time, it is necessary to put discipline and rules to the forefront, strictly implement the Party’s discipline, and never cross the thunder pool one step. Only by deeply advancing the simultaneous investigation and governance of corruption and misconduct, both "investigating corruption through misconduct" and "correcting misconduct through corruption", can the consciousness of Party members and cadres in strengthening Party spirit, abiding by discipline, and sharpening work style be improved. Work style improvement is always on the road, never has a rest stop. On the new journey, it is necessary to deeply study and implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, with the determination and perseverance of fighting a tough battle anda protracted war, persevere unremittingly (锲而不舍, qie er bu she - "carve, and, not, abandon") in implementing the spirit of the central eight-point regulation, advance the normalization and long-term effectiveness of work style improvement, rally cohesion and strength (凝心聚力, ning xin ju li - "condense, heart, gather, strength") with fine work style, grasp solidly and act concretely, so that our undertaking forever retains vigor and vitality.
Return to TopBy: 朱召师
July 15, 1934, the "Manifesto of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army on the Northern Expedition to Resist Japan" (excerpted according to the Red Star newspaper, held in the Central Archives).
September 29, 1934, the editorial "Everything for the Defense of the Soviet Areas!" of the Red China newspaper (held in the Central Archives).
The Long March of the Central Red Army was a major strategic decision made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission under extremely urgent circumstances. After the fall of Guangchang in April 1934, it had become virtually impossible for the Central Red Army to smash the enemy's fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign within the base area. In the face of this grave situation, the Central Committee of the Party began to plan and make arrangements for a strategic shift, and carried out preparations in many respects. The "Everything for the Defense of the Soviet Areas!" and the "Manifesto of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army on the Northern Expedition to Resist Japan" preserved in the Central Archives are historical testimony to the launching of the Red Army's Long March.
Policy decisions and arrangements before the Long March
In early May 1934, Li De, commissioned by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, drafted a quarterly plan from May to July concerning military measures and combat operations, and put forward the proposal that "the main forces of the Red Army should withdraw from the Central Soviet Area". The Central Secretariat of the Party held a meeting in Ruijin to discuss Li De's drafted plan; "whether in the Political Bureau or in the Military Commission, the overwhelming majority of members at this time agreed in principle to the breakout." In late May, the Central Secretariat of the Party decided at its meeting that the main forces of the Red Army should withdraw from the Central Base Area and carry out a strategic shift. On June 2, the Central Committee of the Party and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission reported through the radio station in Shanghai to the Communist International, offering two options: one was that the Red Army should remain in the Central Soviet Area and persist in guerrilla warfare; the other was thatthe main forces of the Red Army should withdraw from the Central Soviet Area and carry out a strategic shift. On the 16th, the Communist International, after deliberating on the question of the Central Red Army's withdrawal, replied by telegram, pointing out: "We fully approve of the plan you are now carrying out on the basis of your correct assessment of the situation." It also required: first, that preparations necessary for the future withdrawal must begin from now on, "solely in order to withdraw the effective strength and protect it from strikes"; second, that a powerful contingent must be dispatched "through Fujian to launch a campaign in the northeast direction", in order to pin down the enemy forces; third, that the main forces of the Red Army should, when necessary, "withdraw in the direction of Hunan"; fourth, that the resources of the Central Soviet Area were not yet exhausted, and the Red Army could still hold out for a period of time in the Central Soviet Area, so as to win preparation time for the withdrawal of the main Red Army forces from the Soviet Area. In order to plan the strategic shift matters, a "Three-Person Group" composed of Bo Gu, Li De, and Zhou Enlai was formed, with full authority to command military affairs. After receiving the reply telegram of the Communist International, in late June, the Central Secretariat of the Party held a meeting, but Bo Gu did not raise for discussion at the meeting the question of the strategic shift of the main Red Army forces, nor did he convey the telegram instruction of the Communist International agreeing to the breakout and shift of the main Red Army forces. Mao Zedong suggested at the meeting that the main Red Army forces should break out and shift outward as soon as possible, and that the direction of the shift should not be northward but could be westward. Bo Gu and Li De did not adopt Mao Zedong's correct proposal, but only decided to dispatch the Seventh Red Army Corps northward as an Advance Detachment for Resisting Japan, and to dispatch the Sixth Red Army Corps from the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet Area to central Hunan, there to develop guerrilla warfare and open up new base areas. In early September, the enemy forces from all directions intensified their attacks on the central areas of the Central Soviet Area, and the Central Red Army no longer had any possibility of reversing the war situation in place. On the 17th, Bo Gu telegraphed the Communist International, reporting that the Red Army would withdraw toward southern Hunan and the border regions of Hunan and Guangxi provinces, and expressing the expectation that "here, no later than the end of September, a final decision will be made". On the 30th, the Communist International telegraphed the Central Committee of the Party, agreeing that the Red Army should carry out its strategic shift.
Before the strategic shift, public opinion propaganda bore the important mission of unifying thinking and stabilizing the hearts of the people. On September 29, Zhang Wentian published in the Red China newspaper an editorial titled "Everything for the Defense of the Soviet Areas!", pointing out: "In order to defend the Soviet areas and smash the fifth 'encirclement and suppression' campaign, we seek a decisive battle with the enemy's main forces within the Soviet areas. Yet for the same purpose, we detach a portion of our main forces to penetrate deep into the enemy's far rear, there to launch broad mass struggles, develop guerrilla warfare, disarm the enemy, and create new main Red Army forces and new Soviet areas... Sometimes, under the pressure of the enemy's superior forces, we cannot but temporarily abandon certain Soviet areas and cities, shorten the battle lines, concentrate our forces, and seek tactical superiority, in order to strive for victory in the decisive battle." This article provided a basis for middle-and grass-roots cadres in the base area to understand the current situation, and aroused strong repercussions within the Red Army. Political organs at all levels quickly organized study and discussion, extensively conveying that"the shift is not a defeat, but is for the sake of striving for even greater victory".
It can be seen that the strategic decision of the Red Army's Long March was not to succeed in one single step (一蹴而就, yi cu er jiu - "one step, reach"), but was formed through multi-level repeated consultation, research, and gradual improvement; it was both a forced and helpless move in response to the failure of the fifth counter-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, and a result of acting according to the circumstances (审时度势, shen shi du shi - "examine time, observe trends"), objectively assessing the war situation, and always maintaining strategic initiative.
Expanding the Red Army and supplementing materiel before the Long March
In order to carry out the strategic shift of the Central Red Army, while planning the strategic shift, the Central Committee of the Party also secretly carried out a series of preparations. Expanding the Red Army's strength was the central task of combat mobilization. On May 12, the Central Committee of the Party issued the "Letter to Party Organizations, Party Groups, and Mobilization Organs at All Levels", putting forward the task of "striving for over 50,000 new Red Army soldiers in three months", and giving specific instructions on the campaign to expand the Red Army at the critical juncture of the final decisive battle against the Kuomintang's fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign. To this end, the Central Soviet Area set off a high tide of expanding the Red Army, with multiple rounds of expansion; before the breakout and shift, each corps received large numbers of new recruits, which is reflected in the diaries of some Red Army commanders and fighters. For example, Chen Bojun, commander of the 13th Division of the Fifth Red Army Corps, wrote in his diary that on June 30 a regiment arrived with over 1,200 new fighters, on July 11 a battalion of over 200 was transferred in, and on July 16 over 300 new fighters were sent. In the campaign to expand the Red Army, Fujian produced model areas of expansion such as Shanghang Caixi, Changting Zhongfang, Ninghua Huaitai, and Hekou. The Fujian people sent their sons to the Red Army by whole battalions, whole companies, and whole squads, supplying large numbers of troops to the Central Red Army. From May to July, the Central Soviet Area expanded the Red Army by a total of over 62,000 men, exceeding the planned 50,000 by nearly a quarter; some of these new fighters sacrificed in battles to defend the Soviet areas, and others followed their units onto the Long March road.
Collecting grain was also a crucial preparation for the Long March. On June 2, the Central Committee of the Party and the People's Committee of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic issued the "Letter to Party Organizations at All Levels and the Soviets on the Emergency Mobilization of 240,000 Dan of Grain for the Red Army", pointing out: because "the Red Army's vigorous expansion and the rapid development of the revolutionary war require us to supply our brave fighting Red Army with even greater quantities of grain", it was decided that through means such as"the mass movement to save three sheng of rice""confiscating grain from landlords and levying grain from rich peasants", etc., the supply of"mobilizing 240,000 dan of unhusked rice for the Red Army" would be guaranteed. For example, Peng Shaohui, commander of the 15th Division of the First Red Army Corps (namely the Young Communist International Division), frequently mentioned grain collection in his diary: on June 23, at Shantang, he "mobilized and collected grain"; on August 8, at Hongtian, he"collected and prepared grain"; on August 14, at Kuzhu, he"collected grain". Under the call of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, by September, Changting County alone had completed a grain collection task of 30,594 dan, Zhao Zheng County had completed 20,504 dan, and Tingdong County had completed 16,259 dan, greatly exceeding the tasks assigned by the central government, effectively supporting the fifth counter-"encirclement and suppression" campaign and the Red Army's strategic shift.
In order to supplement weapons and ammunition, all Red Army arsenals worked overtime to produce. The Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic issued a call, mobilizing the people of the Soviet areas to sell to the government the bullets, bullet casings, iron, copper, tin, saltpeter, and other materials they had picked up or stored. From June to August, the Central Soviet Area collected a total of 82,000 jin of copper, 18,200 jin of bullet casings, and 140,900 rounds of bullets. In addition, the masses of the Soviet areas were mobilized to collect over 20,000 cotton quilts, over 86,000 jin of cotton, and 200,000 pairs of military shoes. In order to guarantee the supply of medicines for the Red Army's breakout and shift, according to the requirements of the General Health Department of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, the Central Foreign Trade General Bureau required all foreign trade sub-bureaus to make a concentrated procurement within two months of Chinese and Western medicines worth 100,000 yuan. In order to meet the military funding needs of the Red Army's breakout and shift, the Ministry of Finance of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic made a crash fundraising of over 1.5 million yuan. The National Bank had originally established a secret treasury in a house against a hill in Shicheng County, Jiangxi, where it stored valuable gold, silver, and other property seized in war and raised through cracking down on local tyrants. These properties were all taken along on the eve of the breakout and shift, providing an important economic guarantee for the victory of the Long March.
Military cover before the Long March
In order to divert and pin down the enemy, reduce the pressure of the Kuomintang troops on the Central Base Area, and prepare for carrying out the strategic shift, the Central Committee of the Party and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission decided that the Seventh Red Army Corps should march northward under the banner of the Advance Detachment for Resisting Japan. On July 5, the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Party issued the"Political Instruction to the Seventh Red Army Corps on Establishing New Soviet Areas under the Banner of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army's Advance Detachment for Resisting Japan". The instruction pointed out:"The Party Central Committee and the Military Commission have decided to dispatch the Seventh Corps to the enemy's far rear, there to carry out extensive guerrilla activities, and in the areas most threatened by the enemy, to establish new Soviet base areas. The Seventh Corps should, under the banner of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army's Advance Detachment for Resisting Japan, pass through Fujian and move to operate along the Zhejiang-Anhui-Jiangxi border." The Seventh Red Army Corps was a young corps among the main forces of the Central Soviet Area Red Army, with Corps Commander Xun Huaizhou, Political Commissar Le Shaohua, Chief of Staff Su Yu, and Director of the Political Department Liu Ying. On the 6th, the officers and men of the Seventh Red Army Corps held a oath-taking rally at Yeping, Ruijin, where Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and other central leaders reviewed the troops, Zhu De spoke at the rally, and subsequently the Seventh Red Army Corps set out from Ruijin northward, passing through Fujian and advancing toward the Fujian-Zhejiang-Anhui-Jiangxi border. On the 15th, Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, Vice Chairmen Xiang Ying and Zhang Guotao, Zhu De, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and Vice Chairmen Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang issued the"Manifesto of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army on the Northern Expedition to Resist Japan". This document, preserved in the Central Archives, clearly records the declaration of the Soviet government and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, at the critical juncture of countering the Kuomintang troops'"encirclement and suppression" campaign, in order to fight directly against Japanese imperialism, regardless of all hardships, with the greatest determination, to dispatch the Advance Detachment for Resisting Japan northward, and at the same time puts forward five proposals for resisting Japan.
On August 1, after occupying Shuikou Town in Gutian, Fujian, the Seventh Red Army Corps openly raised the banner of the Advance Detachment for Resisting Japan. Thereafter, the Advance Detachment for Resisting Japan fought successively across the vast areas of central Fujian, eastern Fujian, northern Fujian, western Zhejiang, the Zhejiang-Anhui border, and the Anhui-Jiangxi border, advancing thousands of li, and by October it entered the Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi Soviet Area, joined forces with the Tenth Red Army, and thereafter they were merged to form the new Tenth Red Army Corps. Because its forces were too small, this unit was unable to pin down the enemies"encircling and suppressing" the Central Base Area; instead, advancing deep into enemy territory as a lone force, it found itself fighting hard against an enemy ten times its own strength. By the end of January 1935, the Tenth Red Army Corps had suffered severe losses, and Fang Zhimin was captured. At this point, the action of the Red Army's Advance Detachment for Resisting Japan failed, and the remnants of the Tenth Red Army Corps, under the leadership of Su Yu and Liu Ying, turned to fight guerrilla warfare across the Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi border and persisted in guerrilla struggle.
In late July 1934, the Central Committee of the Party and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission ordered the Sixth Red Army Corps to withdraw from the Hunan-Jiangxi base area and march west. In early August, the Sixth Red Army Corps of over 9,700 men, led by Ren Bishi and others, was ordered to withdraw from the base area and march west. After more than two months, covering a distance of over 5,000 li, on October 24 the Sixth Red Army Corps successfully joined forces with the Third Red Army at Muhuang, Yinjiang County, Guizhou Province. The westward march of the Sixth Red Army Corps had the nature of reconnoitering the route for the Central Red Army's strategic shift; along the way, it continuously reported its march situation to the Central Committee of the Party, and in the early stage of the Long March, the Central Red Army basically advanced along the route of the Sixth Red Army Corps. This action played the vanguard role of reconnaissance and route-opening for the Long March of the Central Red Army.
(Author's affiliation: Central Archives)
Return to TopBy: 国家统计局党组书记、局长康义
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, standing at a new historical juncture, has, in response to major issues of the times such as what kind of development to achieve and how to achieve development, strategically and creatively put forward high-quality development. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Party emphasized that "high-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country," the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party proposed "improving the institutional mechanisms for promoting high-quality economic development," and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party continued to establish promoting high-quality development as the theme of economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. The statistical departments have deeply implemented the Party Central Committee's major decisions and deployments on promoting high-quality development, continuously improved the statistical system supporting high-quality development, and contributed statistical strength to comprehensively promoting Chinese-style modernization through high-quality development. Comprehensively deepening reform has been steadily advanced, and high-quality development has continuously achieved new results.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the statistical departments, closely focusing on the primary task of high-quality development, continuously deepened reforms in key areas of statistics, continuously strengthened statistical capacity building, made every effort to consolidate the foundation of data quality, improved the normalized statistical monitoring mechanism, and comprehensively reflected the achievements of China's high-quality development. The total economic output has continuously crossed new thresholds, and comprehensive national strength has significantly improved. The total economic output achieved a "four consecutive leaps," from 2021 to 2025, China's gross domestic product successively climbed onto new plateaus of 110 trillion yuan, 120 trillion yuan, 130 trillion yuan, and 140 trillion yuan, reaching 140.2 trillion yuan in 2025, firmly maintaining its position as the world's second largest economy. The per capita development level has steadily risen, with per capita GDP reaching 13,953 US dollars in 2025, exceeding 13,000 US dollars for three consecutive years; overall labor productivity (calculated at 2020 prices) rose to 184,000 yuan per person, with an average annual growth rate of 6.0%, 0.6 percentage points faster than the economic growth rate during the same period. International influence has significantly strengthened, from 2021 to 2025, China's average annual contribution rate to world economic growth remained at around 30%, making it the world's largest "contributor" and strongest "stabilizer anchor" of economic growth; in 2025, the total value of imports and exports of goods exceeded 45 trillion yuan, ranking first globally for nine consecutive years, and the scale of trade in services firmly ranked second globally.
Innovation-led development has accumulated momentum and enhanced capacity, andthe modern industrial system has been steadily constructed. The innovation-driven development strategy has been deeply implemented, andinnovation achievements have been continuously transformed into real productive forces, injecting an inexhaustible source of new momentum into high-quality development. R&D expenditure investment has repeatedly reached new highs, andinnovation capacity has significantly strengthened; in 2025, China's total social expenditure on research and experimental development (R&D) exceeded 3.9 trillion yuan, firmly ranking second globally, with the intensity of R&D expenditure investment rising to 2.80%; in 2025, China's ranking in the Global Innovation Index stood at 10th place, rising 4 places compared with 2020, with the number of top 100 innovation clusters ranking first globally, andfrontier fields such as artificial intelligence and quantum communication have achieved fruitful innovation results. The new industrialization has been advanced in depth and in earnest, from 2021 to 2025, the added value of industries above designated size in equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing grew at an average annual rate of 8.4% and 9.2% respectively, andin 2025, the added value of core industries of the digital economy accounted for over 10.5% of GDP. The service industry has improved quality, expanded capacity, andgrown; from 2021 to 2025, the added value of modern service industries such as information transmission, software and information technology services, leasing and business services grew at an average annual rate of 13.1% and 10.7% respectively. New business forms and models such as online retail and remote medical services have developed rapidly, andin 2025, the transaction volume of e-commerce reached 46.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 29.1% compared with 2020.
The economic structure has been optimized and adjusted, andthe coordination of development has continuously strengthened. The role of domestic demand as the main driving force has become prominent; during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, domestic demand contributed an average of 83.0% to economic growth, of which final consumption expenditure contributed an average of 58.8%, an increase of 10 percentage points compared with the "13th Five-Year Plan" period. A unified national market has been accelerated in construction; in 2025, freight volume and freight turnover increased by 3.2% and 4.6% respectively compared with the previous year, andthe ratio of total social logistics costs to GDP fell to 13.9%. Coordinated development between urban and rural areas and among regions has been advanced in an orderly manner; by the end of 2025, the urbanization rate of the permanent resident population was 67.89%, an increase of 4 percentage points compared with the end of 2020; the ratio of per capita disposable income between urban and rural residents narrowed to 2.31. The regional economic layout has been further optimized, andthe leading and driving role of the three major economic growth poles, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, andthe Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, has continuously strengthened.
The green and low-carbon transformation has accelerated, andthe ecological environment has continuously improved. Energy conservation and carbon reduction have achieved remarkable results; in 2025, consumption of clean energy such as natural gas, hydropower, wind power, andsolar energy accounted for 30.4% of total energy consumption; during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, after deducting energy used as raw materials and non-fossil energy consumption, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP cumulatively decreased by over 16%, making it one of the countries with the fastest decline in energy intensity globally. Green productive forces have been accelerated in cultivation; in 2025, production of new energy vehicles increased by 10.3 times compared with 2020, with production and sales ranking first globally for 11 consecutive years, andoutput of green products such as charging piles and solar cells grew rapidly. Ecological protection has been continuously strengthened; since the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the proportion of days with good or excellent air quality in cities at prefecture level and above nationwide has remained stable at around 87%, the proportion of excellent-quality surface water sections has risen to 91.4%, forest coverage rate has exceeded 25%, contributing approximately one-quarter of the world's newly added greening area
High-level opening up has been advanced in depth, anda diversified trade pattern has been accelerated in formation. The layout of the international cooperation network has been continuously expanded; China has become a major trading partner of over 160 countries and regions, has signed investment cooperation memoranda of understanding with over 50 countries jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, andlandmark projects such as the China-Laos Railway andthe Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway have been implemented. Institutional opening up has steadily expanded; China has implemented unilateral visa exemption or full mutual visa exemption for over 70 countries, the total number of pilot free trade zones has increased to 22, andthe total number of open ports nationwide has reached 311, forming a three-dimensional opening-up pattern covering land, sea, andair. Trade barriers and investment barriers have been further lowered; by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China's overall tariff level had fallen to 7.3%, ranking at a relatively low level globally. Restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector have achieved "zeroing out," andfrom 2021 to 2025, China attracted over 700 billion US dollars in foreign investment
People's livelihood has been safeguarded effectively and efficiently, andsocial undertakings have developed with improved quality. The overall employment situation has remained stable; from 2021 to 2025, the surveyed urban unemployment rate at year-end nationwide remained stable between 5.1% and 5.5%, with annual urban new employment stably exceeding 12 million people. Resident income growth has kept pace with economic growth, withper capita disposable income of national residents increasing from 3.2 million yuan in 2020 to 4.3 million yuan in 2025, withan average annual real growth rate of 5.4% calculated on a comparable basis. Social security has expanded coverage and improved quality, withparticipation rates in basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance reaching or exceeding 95%, andthe average standards for urban and rural subsistence allowances nationwide increasing by 22.5% and 24.6% respectively compared with 2020. Social undertakings including education, health, culture, andsports have progressed comprehensively, withthe consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education stably remaining above 95%; by the end of 2025, thenumber of beds in medical and health institutions nationwide andthe number of health technical personnel reached 10.04 million beds and 13.46 million people respectively, withper capita sports venue area reaching 3.1 square meters
The foundation for safe development has been consolidated, andrisks andhidden dangers have been gradually resolved. Food, energy, andresource security have been safeguarded effectively; in 2025, China's total grain output reached 1.43 trillion jin, exceeding 1.4 trillion jin for two consecutive years; total primary energy production exceeded 5 billion tons of standard coal equivalent, withthe energy self-sufficiency rate rising to above 84%. The resilience of the industrial chain andsupply chain has continuously strengthened; from 2021 to 2025, the added value of the manufacturing industry grew at an average annual real rate of 5.5%, accounting for nearly 30% of the global share, withits scale ranking first globally for 16 consecutive years, anda cumulative total of over 140,000 specialized, refined, distinctive, andinnovative small and medium-sized enterprises have been cultivated. Debt risks in key areas have been gradually resolved, withChina's government debt ratio far below the average level of G20 countries, major progress achieved in the reform andrisk resolution of small and medium-sized financial institutions, andover the past five years, the disposal of non-performing assets increased by over 40% compared with the "13th Five-Year Plan" period
Implementing the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments, the statistical system supporting high-quality development has been basically established
The statistical system supporting high-quality development is a key support for accurately reflecting the achievements of the new development philosophy and monitoring the process of high-quality development, andalso an important foundation for serving national macro-decision-making and governance. Since the new era, statistical departments have accelerated the promotion of statistical reform andinnovation, continuously improved andcompleted statistical institutional methods, basically established a statistical system serving high-quality development, andachieved remarkable results in advancing the modernization reform of statistics
A systematic and standardized statistical standard system has been established. Statistical standards are provisions for the unified classification anddivision of statistical survey objects' categories andtheir economic and social activities, geographical regions, etc., andare an important foundation for carrying out statistical work. After years of development, China has formed a statistical standard system with one national economic industry classification, one statistical product classification catalog, one national statistical survey metadata standard, 22 derivative industry standards, 3 regional standards, 7 statistical unit standards, and3 other national standards as the main body, supplemented by departmental statistical standards. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Bureau of Statistics has successively formulated andrevised multiple national statistical standards including the "Statistical Classification of Digital Economy and Its Core Industries," the"Statistical Classification of Modern Service Industry," the"Statistical Classification of Energy Conservation, Environmental Protection, andClean Industries," the"Reference Catalog of Manufacturing Industry and Related Industrial Activities," the"Standards andNorms for Classification andGrading of Statistical Data," the"Provisions on the Statistical Classification of Market Entities," the"Rules for Compilation of Regional Statistical Codes," andthe"Statistical Classification Standards for Private Economy," approved departmental statistical standards such as the"Statistical Classification of Low-Altitude Economy and Its Core Industries (Trial)," continuously improved the statistical standard system, providing more solid standard support for carrying out various statistical surveys scientifically andnormatively
A rich and applicable statistical indicator system has been constructed. Statistical indicators are standardized names for measuring economic and social phenomena in quantity or nature, are basic elements of statistical surveys, accounting, andanalysis, andare objective carriers of statistical data. A statistical indicator system is a whole composed of several interrelated statistical indicator systems. After years of development, China has formed a rich and applicable statistical indicator system composed of thousands of basic survey indicators andcomprehensive summary indicators, which includes both quantitative and qualitative indicators, both macro and micro indicators, both aggregate and structural indicators, comprehensively reflecting the "five-fold integrated layout of development" (五位一体, wu wei yi ti - "five positions one body") of economic, political, cultural, social, andecological civilization construction. In recent years, especially during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Bureau of Statistics, focusing on the Party Central Committee's major decisions anddeployments andnew requirements of economic and social development, has continuously enriched statistical indicators reflecting the development of new fields of the new economy and new quality productive forces, andon the basis of continuously improving statistical indicators reflecting economic development, cultural prosperity, social progress, improvement of people's livelihood, green development, high-level opening up, etc., has established andimproved thematic statistical indicator systems such as comprehensive performance evaluation of high-quality development, Chinese-style modernization, high-quality development of cities, rural revitalization, common prosperity, ecological protection compensation, laying a solid statistical data foundation for scientifically judging economic and social operations andpromoting high-quality development
A scientific and standardized statistical survey method system has been formed. Statistical survey methods are the organizational methods andtechnical means used to carry out statistical data collection activities, based on the purposes andrequirements of statistical surveys, combined with the characteristics of survey objects andthe conditions of survey institutions. After years of development, China has formed a statistical survey method system that takes periodic censuses as the foundation, regular sample surveys as the main body, comprehensively applies methods such as comprehensive surveys andkey-point surveys, fully utilizes data such as administrative records andsocial big data, andadapts to the needs of modern statistical surveys. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Bureau of Statistics effectively integrated economic censuses andinput-output surveys, strengthened the dominant position of regular sample surveys, strengthened the flexible application of methods such as key-point surveys andtypical surveys, further deepened the statistical application of big data andadministrative records, actively promoted the effective application of modern information technologies such as cloud computing, blockchain, Internet of Things, andgeospatial information technology in various statistical surveys, continuously improved statistical survey capacity, the level of scientific andstandardized statistical production, andstatistical data quality
A comprehensive statistical survey institutional system has been constructed. The statistical survey institution is a legally mandated working institution that uniformly regulates the survey purpose, survey objects, survey scope, survey content, survey methods, survey forms, reporting procedures, anddata processing of statistical surveys, andis an important basis for carrying out statistical survey activities andproducing statistical data. At present, China has formed a government statistical survey institutional system composed of national, departmental, andlocal components with clear division of labor, mutual connection, andjoint composition. Among them, national statistical surveys are statistical surveys that reflect the basic situation of the whole country andconduct statistics on basic national conditions andnational strength, withthe main purpose of survey being to meet the needs of national governance andmacro-decision-making. After years of development, the National Bureau of Statistics has formed a statistical survey institutional system that basically adapts to China's economic and social development andmeets the needs of the Party andgovernment for national governance andmacro-decision-making, mainly including three major periodic censuses of national conditions andnational strength, namely population, agriculture, andeconomy, over 80 regular statistical surveys andspecial statistical surveys covering agriculture, industry, construction, services, investment, population, labor, household income andexpenditure, prices, etc., basically covering all industries andkey fields of the national economy. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Bureau of Statistics continuously improved modern industrial statistics anddigital economy statistics, strengthened statistics on modern agriculture andservices, improved statistics on social livelihood, energy, resources,andenvironment, promoted statistical monitoring of major regional development strategies such as the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, explored andestablished statistical monitoring institutions for the deep integration development of advanced manufacturing industry andmodern service industry, actively promoted statistical reforms in key areas such as full-caliber consumption statistics, carbon emission statistical accounting, andstatistics on the place of activity of business entities, making the statistical survey institutional system more comprehensive in coverage, scientifically reflecting the implementation of major national strategies andParty Central Committee decisions anddeployments, objectively evaluating the implementation of the new development philosophy andthe process of promoting high-quality development
A mature and complete national economic accounting system has been formed. National economic accounting is a systematic quantitative measurement of all economic activities carried out in accordance with economic principles andstrictly following accounting principles, andis an important basis for reflecting the state of national economic development. Since the State Council formally issued the"Notice on the Implementation Plan for the New National Economic Accounting System" in 1992, after years of reform anddevelopment, China has established a mature, complete, scientific, effective, andinternationally comparable national economic accounting system, formed an accounting framework of five major basic accounts plus extended accounts, regularly carried out rich anddiverse statistical accounting such as gross domestic (regional) product, input-output tables, flow of funds accounts, macro balance sheets, andvalue added of derivative industries, providing important data support for the Party andgovernment to formulate policies. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, inorder to serve the overall situation of national high-quality development andobjectively andfully reflect new changes in China's economic development, the National Bureau of Statistics continuously promoted the construction of China's national economic accounting system andinstitutions, implemented reform of accounting methods for owner-occupied housing services of urban residents, established a formal quarterly expenditure-based gross domestic product accounting system, deepened the reform achievements of unified accounting of regional gross domestic product, comprehensively achieved basic consistency between the aggregated figures of regional gross domestic product andthe national gross domestic product, compiled input-output tables andsupply-and-use tables for the year of the Fifth National Economic Census, improved andperfected compilation methods for flow of funds accounts, national andlocal balance sheets, established an accounting system for value added of the digital economy, preliminarily established accounting systems for the value accounting of ecological products andthe compilation of natural resource balance sheets, further expanding the field of national economic accounting, further improving the national economic accounting system
A strict and standardized national data quality management system has been established. The national data quality management system is a systematic working institution established to ensure the quality of statistical data, is an important guideline for achieving scientific, standardized, andnormalized management of statistical quality, ensuring the truthfulness andaccuracy of statistical data. After years of development, the National Bureau of Statistics has established a quality management system with the"National Statistical Quality Assurance Framework" as the core, supported by multiple supporting institutions such as the"Measures for Evaluation of Implementation of Statistical Survey Projects, Reform Plans, andDevelopment Plans," the"Measures for Management of Data Quality Review andAssessment," as well as full-process quality management measures formulated by various professions, regions, anddepartments, running data quality control through the entire process of statistical data production. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Bureau of Statistics revised andimproved the"National Statistical Quality Assurance Framework (2021)," the"Statistical Business Process Specifications (2021)," andfull-process quality management measures for national statistical surveys involving 42 statistical professions, formulated andissued measures for verifying the quality of statistical data at the source, normalized carried out evaluations of implementation of major statistical survey projects andfeasibility tests of statistical survey forms, consolidated the grassroots foundation of statistics, strengthened verification of data quality at the source, strengthened information technology support, carried out education on honest andtruthful statistical professional ethics, comprehensively promoted comprehensive governance of data quality. The national data quality management system has been increasingly improved, anda strict andstandardized data quality management system has gradually taken shape
A binding and powerful statistical supervision system has been constructed. Statistical supervision is an important component of the supervision system of the Party andthe state, anda basic function entrusted to government statistics by the"Statistics Law of the People's Republic of China." After years of development, China has gradually established a statistical supervision system that takes improving statistical data quality as the center, takes implementing statistical inspection, statistical law enforcement inspection, statistical monitoring evaluation, andcomprehensive performance evaluation of high-quality development as the starting points, andis systematic, complete, collaborative, efficient, binding, powerful, authoritative, andreliable. During the"14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Bureau of Statistics adhered to treating both symptoms and root causes (标本兼治, biao ben jian zhi - "mark sample treat both"), comprehensive measures, organized andimplemented two rounds of statistical inspections authorized by the Party Central Committee andthe State Council, investigated anddealt with a number of major statistical law-breaking cases in accordance with the law, forming a strong deterrent against statistical fraud andfalsification, continuously demonstrating the sharp sword role of statistical law enforcement supervision; continuously expanded the field of statistical monitoring, strengthened statistical supervision over the promotion of high-quality development, provided important references for the Party Central Committee to accurately judge the economic situation andoptimize macro-control decisions, andstatistical supervision achievements played an important role in promoting high-quality development of various regions andguiding party membersandleaders to establish andpractice a correct view of political achievements; established andimproved collaborative mechanisms for giving full play to the function of statistical supervision, promoted the overall connection, organic integration, andmutual coordination between statistical supervision andother types of supervision such as disciplinary supervision, supervisory supervision, dispatched supervision, inspection supervision,andaudit supervision, making the role of statistical supervision more effectively played in the supervision system of the Party andthe state
Solidly advancing statistical reform anddevelopment during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, providing high-quality statistical services for promoting high-quality development
The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical period for China to consolidate the foundation andcomprehensively exert efforts for basically realizing socialist modernization. Statistical departments will deeply implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party andthe plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, firm confidence, determined reform, coordinate andpromote statistical theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, practical innovation, andtechnological innovation, continuously improve statistical survey, statistical supervision, andstatistical analysis capabilities, actively construct a statistical survey system adapted to the trend of digital-intelligent transformation, providing higher-quality statistical services for high-quality economic andsocial development during the"15th Five-Year Plan" period
Adhering to andstrengthening the Party's overall leadership over statistical work. Adhere to placing the Party's political construction first, andmake every effort to promote the implementation of the Party Central Committee's decisions anddeployments in statistical departments. Improve the system for comprehensively governing the Party strictly in statistical departments, consolidate political responsibility for Party governance, effectively transform Party building achievements into a powerful driving force for advancing statistical reform,innovation,andserving high-quality development
Continuously advancing reforms in key areas of statistics. Focus on improving statistical institutions conducive to building a unified national market, solidly advance the revision of the"Classification of National Economic Industries" andrelated derivative industry statistical classifications, continuously enrich andimprove statistical indicators in fields such as the new economy, new quality productive forces, improvement of social livelihood, andcarbon emissions. Improve the statistical monitoring system for the service industry, further deepen reform of statistical accounting institutional methods, improve the national economic accounting system, implement new international standards for national economic accounting, improve compilation of macro balance sheets, accurately align with the statistical needs of major national strategies
Further improving the quality andefficiency of statistical monitoring, evaluation, publicity,andservices. Focus on strengthening monitoring, analysis, forecasting,andeal-warning of economic operations, strengthen tracking monitoring of key fields such as Chinese-style modernization, common prosperity, new quality productive forces, intelligent economy, transformation of old andnew growth drivers, coordinated development between urban andrural areas andamong regions, improve comprehensive performance evaluation of high-quality development, optimize statistical data release, interpretation,andpublic services
Deeply advancing law-based statistics andlaw-based governance of statistics. Comprehensively improve the quality of statistical legislation work, accelerate the revision of implementing regulations of the Statistics Law, further improve andperfect the system of statistical laws andregulations. Taking preventing andpunishing statistical fraud, falsification,andcheating as the core task, continuously improve the effectiveness of statistical inspection, increase the intensity of statistical law enforcement inspection, establish andimprove cross-departmental, cross-field collaborative mechanisms for statistical supervision, ensure the truthfulness,accuracy,completeness,andtimeliness of statistical data through the rule of law
Accelerating the digital-intelligent transformation of statistics. Comprehensively promote the modernization reform of statistics with digital-intelligent technologies, further expand channels for new types of data resources, strengthen collection andapplication of departmental administrative records andsocial big data, promote deep integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence andbig data with statistical business, explore new models of secure data sharing, empower the reform of statistical production methods with new technologies
Return to TopBy: 孙强
In December 2016, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities that good ideological and political work should be like salt, but one cannot simply eat salt; the best way is to dissolve the salt into various foods so that it is absorbed naturally. Salt is an indispensable seasoning in daily life; eaten alone, it is salty and harsh to swallow, but once dissolved into ingredients, it can enhance flavor and nourish the body. General Secretary Xi Jinping used "salt" as a metaphor for good ideological and political work, vividly explaining its internal law: the power of ideological and political work lies not in aloof preaching, but in influencing people subtly and silently (润物无声, run wu wu sheng - "moisten things, without sound") and influencing someone imperceptibly (潜移默化, qian yi mo hua - "secretly shift, silently transform"). It is necessary to skillfully integrate ideological guidance into all aspects of production and life, so that people receive spiritual nourishment without being consciously aware of it. Ideological and political work is the fine tradition, distinctive characteristic, and prominent political advantage of the Party, and is the lifeline of all work. In essence, ideological and political work is work done with people, through ideological guidance, value cultivation, and spiritual inspiration, unifying thought, consolidating consensus, and galvanizing morale, so as to build a solid ideological foundation for the advancement of the cause. Doing ideological and political work well in the new era bears on the consolidation of the Party's governing foundation, bears on the harmony and stability of the overall social situation, and bears on the advancement of the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation. But in reality, a small number of localities and units have problems in carrying out ideological and political work:they are accustomed to one-way indoctrination, to engage in empty talk without practical action (坐而论道, zuo er lun dao - "sit, then discuss the way"), confining their work to holding meetings, reading documents, and lecturing on theory in classrooms, so that ideological education and real life become disconnected from each other. On the surface, activities are carried out with great bustle, but in reality they are divorced from the people's genuine demands, the content is stiff and rigid, making it difficult to evoke emotional resonance, let alone enter the mind and heart. This malady of "simply eating salt" warns us that, in carrying out ideological and political work, one must never simply and isolatedly export theory; one must pay attention to the art of integration. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that ideological and political work can only be strengthened, not weakened; can only advance, not stagnate; can only be actively pursued, not passively responded to. In September 2025, the Party Central Committee issued the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Ideological and Political Work, establishing the combination of solving ideological problems with solving practical problems as a basic method, providing important guidance for doing ideological and political work well in the new era.
To do ideological and political work well, one should adhere to classified and targeted implementation, grasp the ideological characteristics and realistic demands of different groups, and adhere to analyzing specific problems on a case-by-case basis. Just like cooking, where all kinds of ingredients differ vastly, the amount of salt to add and the intensity of flavor cannot be treated uniformly, ideological and political work is likewise. Facing a pluralistic social landscape, one cannot apply a single template or a single discourse; one should adhere to tailoring measures to different people and adapting to circumstances. For youth groups, one should conform to their thinking and cognitive characteristics, use new media carriers, and explain mainstream values; for the broad community of netizens, one should use small entry points to explain great principles well, making good use of "online language"; for Party members and cadres, one should strengthen Party spirit tempering, and build a solid ideological defense line through warning education and Party spirit tempering. Different targets of work require different ways and means. It is necessary to accurately grasp the differences among targets, accurately identify "who we are speaking to," carefully classify "what we speak about," and precisely grasp "how we speak," so that the "salt" of ideological and political work is precisely matched, truly achieving to do something with a clear purpose or aim (有的放矢, you de fang shi - "have, target, shoot arrow").
To do ideological and political work well, one must not remain on the surface; one should pay attention to work effectiveness. The effectiveness of ideological and political work cannot be simply measured by the number of meetings held or the volume of materials produced; ultimately, it depends on whether people's hearts are united and whether the masses' ideological confusions have been resolved. To do ideological and political work well, one must both strengthen ideological-level inspiration and guidance, untie the "knots" in the hearts of the masses, and closely follow the urgent, difficult, and pressing needs of the people (急难愁盼, ji nan chou pan - "urgent, difficult, anxious, longing"), handling every practical matter and difficult issue with heart and feeling. For example, in mediating conflicts and disputes, one soothes the emotions of the masses; in solving practical difficulties, one conveys the warmth of the Party, allowing the masses, in the process of personally experiencing development dividends, to appreciate institutional advantages, enhance emotional resonance, and consciously consolidate ideological consensus. When ideological and political work, like salt, dissolves into the concrete practice of undertaking endeavors, heartfelt ideological identification will naturally emerge, and a powerful spiritual synergy for unity and endeavor will be gathered. Good ideological and political work is like salt; only by making good use of the working wisdom of "letting salt enter the flavor" can ideological guidance be integrated into thousands of industries, permeate ten thousand households' lights, achieve tangible ideological cultivation through intangible, imperceptible influence, continuously consolidate the common ideological foundation of the whole society's unity and endeavor, and inject deep, enduring spiritual momentum into the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
Return to TopBy: 黄承伟
Recently, the book General Secretary Xi Jinping Led the Fight to Win the Battle Against Poverty was published by the Central Party School Press of the CPC Central Committee and released nationwide. The book, divided into upper and lower volumes, uses the vivid form of oral accounts to restore in a panoramic way the magnificent course of eliminating absolute poverty in the new era. Through the heartfelt narrations of those who personally experienced it, the book closely combines grand national strategy with concrete livelihood practices, not only presenting the major historic achievements of the poverty alleviation battle, but also profoundly interpreting General Secretary Xi Jinping's governing philosophy that "benefiting the people is the greatest political achievement." As one who personally experienced and participated in the battle against poverty, flipping through this work feels like returning to the fiery battlefield of poverty alleviation. After reading, I deeply feel that General Secretary Xi Jinping personally led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to win the battle against poverty and create a miracle in human history — this is precisely the great practice of "creating political achievements for the people." This work provides a vivid teaching material for Party members and leading cadres in the new era to establish and practice a correct view of political achievements.
The people-centered approach (以人民为中心, yi ren min wei zhong xin - "take people as center") is the core defining color of a correct view of political achievements
"To be an official, to be an official of the Communist Party of China, there is only one purpose, and that is to benefit the people." This important exposition by General Secretary Xi Jinping receives its most vivid interpretation in the book General Secretary Xi Jinping Led the Fight to Win the Battle Against Poverty. As the most significant livelihood project of the new era, the battle against poverty ran through with the people-centered value pursuit from beginning to end. The book records in detail the course of General Secretary Xi Jinping's research at the front line of poverty alleviation. From "seeing true poverty, helping true poverty" in Fuping County, Hebei Province, an old revolutionary base area, in December 2012, to the first proposal of the concept of "targeted poverty alleviation" in Shibadong Village, Xiangxi, Hunan Province, in November 2013; from the deeply felt "Question of Lankao" raised by the Lankao County Party Committee Secretary, to the footprints of visiting all 14 contiguous destitute areas with concentrated poverty across the country, General Secretary Xi Jinping measured the people's conditions with his steps, listened to the people's voices with his heart, and always kept the safety and well-being of impoverished people in mind. Wherever he went, he would feel the temperature of the heated kang, lift the pot lids of ordinary households, take the hands of elderly people, and carefully inquire about practical livelihood matters such as harvests, drinking water, schooling, and medical treatment. This kind of people's affection emanating from the heart set an example for the entire Party in practicing a correct view of political achievements. The political achievements of the poverty alleviation battle are ultimately embodied in the people's sense of gain and happiness. Through sets of detailed data and vivid cases, the book presents the practical results of the "people-centered approach": from 2015 to 2020, the per capita annual net income of impoverished people nearly quadrupled, drinking water safety problems were solved, people moved into safe housing, education improved markedly, and the problems of difficulty and expense in seeing a doctor were effectively alleviated. From Luotuowan Village in Fuping, Hebei, which went from "worrying about food and clothing on the loess slopes" to "busy increasing income in farmyards," to the Dulong people in Nujiang, Yunnan, who went from "leaping across a thousand years in one step" to "comprehensively striding toward moderate prosperity," these tangible changes vividly confirm the profound connotation that whether political achievements are good, the people have the final say.
In the battle against poverty, Party members and leading cadres used practical work to fulfill their original aspiration, writing their political achievements in the hearts of the people. From Li Baoguo, the "new Yugong" on the Taihang Mountains, who rooted himself in mountainous areas to lead farmers out of poverty toward prosperity, to Zhang Guimei on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, who used education to interrupt the intergenerational transmission of poverty; from Li Peng, a retired cadre in Xinjiang, who sold his house and borrowed money to lead villagers in planting jujube trees, to Huang Wenxiu, a young cadre who gave up urban life to root herself at the front line of poverty alleviation. With their sweat and lives, they interpreted the purpose of "serving the people," proving that true political achievements are not slogans shouted out, but practical results achieved by solving problems for the masses and seeking happiness for them, highlighting the core essence of a correct view of political achievements
The institutional advantage of concentrating efforts to accomplish major tasks is the solid guarantee for "creating political achievements for the people"
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Our greatest advantage is that our socialist system can concentrate efforts to accomplish major tasks. This is an important magic weapon for us to accomplish our undertakings." The book General Secretary Xi Jinping Led the Fight to Win the Battle Against Poverty fully demonstrates, through a large number of vivid cases, the unique advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics in the battle against poverty. The empowerment of institutional advantages ensured the realization of the goal of "creating political achievements for the people." The responsibility system of Party secretaries at five levels grasping poverty alleviation built the organizational guarantee for the battle against poverty. At the 2015 Central Conference on Development-Oriented Poverty Alleviation, principal Party and government leaders of 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in central and western China signed "military orders" to the CPC Central Committee for the battle against poverty. The Central Committee required that Party and government "top leaders" in impoverished counties remain stable, cannot be transferred unless poverty is eliminated, and Party secretaries at all levels personally deploy and personally supervise operations, forming a working pattern of upper-and-lower linkage and joint management. This institutional design of压实 responsibilities made the battle against poverty the top priority of Party organizations at all levels, gathering the broadest organizational strength. In the book, oral accounts by relatives, friends, and colleagues of resident cadres Han Yunan and Huang Wenxiu, among others, centrally present the astonishing strength exerted by this important institutional arrangement
The coordination mechanism of "one national chessboard" broke down barriers to regional development. Represented by the paired assistance between Fujian and Ningxia in poverty alleviation promoted by Comrade Xi Jinping in the 1990s, the "Fujian-Ningxia model" created a successful example of east-west poverty alleviation cooperation. Over more than 20 years, following the principles of "joint meetings and promotion, paired assistance, industrial driving, mutual learning and assistance, and social participation," the two provincesand regions have grasped the work one session after another, turning the former "dry sandy beach" into today's "golden sandy beach." At the national level, 19 provincesand cities assisting Xinjiang, central Party and state organs, and central state-owned enterprises providing paired assistance to Xinjiang, and more than 3 million first secretaries and resident cadres rooting themselves at the front line, formed a joint force for poverty alleviation spanning regions, departments, and industries. This institutional advantage of concentrating efforts to accomplish major tasks enabled impoverished areas to obtain unprecedented development opportunities, highlighting the strong mobilization capacity of the socialist system. In the book, oral accounts concerning the development of Minning Town and group-type poverty alleviation, among others, vividly reflect the unique advantages of east-west cooperation
The assessment mechanism of being earnest and unyielding in holding people accountable ensured the quality and actual results of the battle against poverty. From 2016 to 2020, the Central Committee conducted annual assessments of poverty alleviation results each year, and General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over meetings of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and meetings of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee for several consecutive years to hear reports and approve results. "True assessment, hard constraints" forced all localities to work earnestly and practically, effectively preventing the problems of "digital poverty alleviation" and "false poverty alleviation," ensuring that the achievements of the battle against poverty can withstand the test of practice and history. In the book, Liu Yongfu's oral account provides an overview of the eight-year battle against poverty from a macro level, including authentic and authoritative records of how the assessment mechanism took shape, developed, and was implemented
Guided by scientific theory, acting in accordance with laws, and achieving political achievements through practical work
The great victory of the battle against poverty fundamentally lies in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, particularly the practical application of the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and targeted poverty elimination. The book General Secretary Xi Jinping Led the Fight to Win the Battle Against Poverty systematically presents how this scientific theory was transformed into concrete practice in the battle against poverty, setting an example for Party membersand leading cadres of acting in accordance with laws and achieving political achievements through practical work. In 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping first proposed "targeted poverty alleviation" in Shibadong Village, Xiangxi, Hunan Province. This concept seized the key contradiction of the battle against poverty and solved the long-standing problem of "flood irrigation" in poverty alleviation work. The core of targeted poverty alleviation is to achieve the "six requirements for precision" (六个精准, liu ge jing zhun - "six, units, precise"), implement the "five batches of targeted assistance" (五个一批, wu ge yi pi - "five, units, batches"), and solve the problems of "who to support, who to support them, how to support them, and how to withdraw them." In the book, oral accounts of the poverty alleviation process in Lankao County and Shibadong Village record in detail the promotion process of establishing filing cards and archives, allowing policy dividends to be precisely dripped onto the masses who truly need them. The implementation of a series of innovative poverty alleviation measures such as micro-credit for poverty alleviation, relocation for poverty alleviation from inhospitable areas, e-commerce poverty alleviation, and photovoltaic poverty alleviation reflects the scientific spirit of respecting laws, adapting measures to local conditions, solving immediate difficulties while keeping an eye on long-term development — this is precisely the practical requirement of a scientific view of political achievements
Scientific working methods ensured that the battle against poverty always advanced along the correct direction. From 2016 to 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping convened special meetings around one theme each year, precisely implementing policies according to the characteristics of different stages of the battle against poverty. This working method of "problem orientation, classified guidance" effectively solved the key and difficult problems at different stages, while preventing the "impatience disease" of seeking quick success and instant benefits and the "procrastination illness" of passivity and slackness, ensuring that the battle against poverty advanced steadily, step by step. As the book states, the battle against poverty "was by no means won easily," but was a great achievement attained through eight years of targeted poverty alleviation and five years of concentrated assault, under the guidance of scientific theory. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized:"Getting rid of poverty and becoming prosperous ultimately depends on impoverished people realizing it through their own hard work." The book General Secretary Xi Jinping Led the Fight to Win the Battle Against Poverty profoundly demonstrates that the battle against poverty was not only a process of accumulating material wealth, but also a process of凝聚 spiritual strength. Through various means such as policy guidance, model demonstration, and capacity building, the ideological concepts of impoverished people underwent profound changes, their endogenous motivation was fully stimulated, achieving a fundamental transformation from "I am asked to shake off poverty" to "I want to shake off poverty."
The book General Secretary Xi Jinping Led the Fight to Win the Battle Against Poverty not only records a great battle to eliminate absolute poverty, but also profoundly explains the view of political achievements of Chinese Communists. Every story, every set of data, and every interviewee's account in the book all confirm this truth:a correct view of political achievements must always adhere to the people-centered approach, always rely on institutional advantages to gather joint force, always guide practice with scientific theory, and always stimulate the endogenous motivation of the people. The great practice of the battle against poverty enabled all 832 impoverished counties to be removed from the poverty list, nearly 100 million rural impoverished people to shake off poverty, historically solved the problem of absolute poverty, achieved the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule, and created a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction
At present, our country has entered a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and the "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical period for consolidating the foundation and comprehensively exerting efforts to basically realize socialist modernization. It is all the more necessary for Party membersand leading cadres to establish and practice a correct view of political achievements. The valuable experience provided by this work tells us:to create political achievements for the people, we must always put the interests of the people first and solve the urgent, difficult, and anxious problems of the masses; we must fully leverage the advantages of the socialist system to gather a strong joint force for undertaking undertakings and creating achievements; we must adhere to guidance by scientific theory, act in accordance with laws, and seek truth from facts (实事求是, shi shi qiu shi - "fact, fact, seek, truth"); we must focus on stimulating the endogenous motivation of the people, making the people the main body of development
The great victory of the battle against poverty is not an endpoint, but a new starting point. We must draw wisdom and strength from the book General Secretary Xi Jinping Led the Fight to Win the Battle Against Poverty, deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the "two establishments" (两个确立, liang ge que li - "two, establishments")regarding Xi's status, resolutely achieve the "two upholds" (两个维护, liang ge wei hu - "two, upholds")regarding Xi's core status, always bear in mind that "benefiting the people is the greatest political achievement," and write a new chapter of Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化, zhong guo shi xiang hua - "China, style, modernization")with practical work and responsibility
(The author is the former Director of the China Rural Revitalization and Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and a Distinguished Professor at East China Normal University)
Return to TopBy: 李楠
Shen Jiaxiang (1921–2015), a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu, was a pharmaceutical chemist and one of the founders of the modern pharmaceutical industry of New China. In 1999, he was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He received five National Science Conference Awards, and in 2007, at the centennial conference of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association, he was conferred the "Outstanding Contribution Award." He graduated from the National Pharmaceutical College (now China Pharmaceutical University), and in 1949, he received his doctorate from the University of London in the United Kingdom. After the founding of New China, he successively held posts in the Northeast General Pharmaceutical Factory, the State Pharmaceutical Administration, China Pharmaceutical University, Tianjin University, and other units. Shen Jiaxiang did a great deal of pioneering work in the creation of China's modern pharmaceutical industry, breakthroughs in drug synthesis processes, and pharmaceutical system reform, among other areas. He led the successful development of chloramphenicol, vitamin A, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, and other key drugs, discovered a new crystal form of azithromycin, broke the technological blockade and market monopoly of Western countries, and enabled ordinary Chinese people to afford and trust medicines. His research was always based on "what the country needs, what the people lack." Shen Jiaxiang never pursued the esoteric and unfathomable in his scholarly work; his research topics were always grounded in"what the country needs, what the people lack."
In 1949, after receiving his doctorate in pharmaceutical chemistry from the University of London, Shen Jiaxiang immediately boarded a ship back to China. At that time, New China was in a state where everything was in a state of ruin and waiting to be rebuilt (百废待兴, bai fei dai xing - "hundreds of things, wait to rise"), some diseases were prevalent domestically, and especially during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, biological weapons were discovered on the battlefield, seriously threatening the safety of our military officers and soldiers. Shen Jiaxiang took the country's needs as his own responsibility, went to Dalian, and devoted himself to developing the chloramphenicol synthesis process, ultimately achieving success. Afterwards, he was transferred to the Northeast General Pharmaceutical Factory, where he continuously optimized the process, enabling chloramphenicol to be smoothly put into production. The successful development of the chloramphenicol synthesis process marked that the development of China's modern pharmaceutical industry had entered the stage of large-scale, batch production. In 1989, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the founding of New China, this achievement was rated as one of the"Ten Major Achievements of China's Pharmaceutical Industry over the Past 40 Years."
Shen Jiaxiang's academic research always revolved around the needs of the country and the people. In the early days of New China, malnutrition among the people was extremely common. Seeing the frail physique of the nation at that time, Shen Jiaxiang was deeply worried and resolved to research nutrients essential to the people. After earnestly studying and comprehending the relevant spirit of the Party Central Committee, and combining his own accumulated knowledge, Shen Jiaxiang gradually focused his attention on the research of vitamin A. Building on his experience in the synthetic research of vitamin A analogs, which he had chosen as his doctoral topic while studying in Britain, and based on domestic raw materials, under extremely limited conditions in all respects, he resolutely tackled the artificial synthesis of vitamin A, a problem universally recognized as difficult by the academic community.
"Let ordinary Chinese people afford and trust medicines." This was not a slogan, but the academic principle Shen Jiaxiang adhered to. Every choice he made reflected the responsibility and commitment of a scientist who took the needs of the country and the people as his own duty. To persevere unremittingly (锲而不舍, qie er bu she - "drill, and, not, stop") in crossing research difficulties. Shen Jiaxiang had a guiding principle in drug research, namely, to develop good medicines that ordinary people could afford. But drug research has a long cycle, great difficulty, and high risk. For drug research and development, every drug with good efficacy and low cost emerges through a long and tortuous process. And Shen Jiaxiang, with his attitude of to forge ahead despite difficulties (知难而进, zhi nan er jin - "know, difficulty, and, advance") and to persevere unremittingly, crossed one research difficulty after another.
Hydrocortisone belongs to steroid hormone drugs and can play an important role in certain diseases. On the basis of fully summarizing the experience of predecessors, Shen Jiaxiang improved the synthesis method, dividing the chemical synthesis of this"cutting-edge" variety into several stages of transformation and carrying out"piecemeal elimination." Ultimately, hydrocortisone was successfully synthesized. After being put into production, this product won the Third Prize for National New Products in 1964 and the National Science Conference Award in 1978.
After the development of hydrocortisone was completed, Shen Jiaxiang, working incessantly without stopping (马不停蹄, ma bu ting ti - "horse, not, stop, hoof"), continued to guide research on the synthesis of dexamethasone. Dexamethasone, known as the"king of hormones," was at that time a"life-saving" specific drug, especially having a special therapeutic effect on whooping cough in children, and many places urgently needed this drug. Since domestic production was not yet possible at that time, it could only be imported at the cost of large amounts of foreign exchange. He thought to himself that since this drug had such good efficacy and brought such great benefits to the country and the people, no matter how many difficulties he faced, he must find a way to make it.
The structure of dexamethasone is complex and its synthetic route is very long, making it difficult to complete the synthesis task in one go. Therefore, Shen Jiaxiang decided to adopt a strategy of step-by-step breakthroughs: each time a method for introducing a functional group was solved, a product was obtained and put into production, so as to persevere until final victory. This method of decomposing task objectives enabled the multi-stage research process to proceed efficiently and orderly. The initial synthetic route for dexamethasone involved about fifty steps of reactions, which also indicated that if researchers lacked great courage, endurance, and wisdom, it would be almost impossible to complete the route and obtain a qualified product. Finally, after eight years of arduous struggle, the team finally succeeded through experimentation, introducing the 16-methyl group with safe reagents, completing the synthesis of dexamethasone, and putting it into production in 1966.
The process of drug synthesis research often accompanies various risks. During research on progestogens, when encountering dangerous new reactions, Shen Jiaxiang always tried them himself first. At that time, due to exposure to excessive doses of reagents, Shen Jiaxiang unfortunately contracted breast cancer, which seriously affected his health. But he said that he must devote himself wholeheartedly to the development of the motherland's pharmaceutical industry, regardless of cost
Shen Jiaxiang not only made tremendous contributions to China's drug research and development and pharmaceutical reform, but also continuously paid attention to the international development of Chinese medicines and worked to restore the rightful status of Chinese medicines. Artemisinin is an antimalarial drug first successfully developed in the world by China, one of the new drugs independently researched and developed by Chinese scientists and registered internationally, and was evaluated by the World Health Organization as the only truly effective drug for treating malignant malaria. However, due to multiple reasons, the legitimate status of Chinese artemisinin in the world had long not been recognized. In order to restore the rightful status of Chinese medicines, Shen Jiaxiang was selected as a Chinese representative, wrote a large amount of English materials to elaborate its legitimacy, traveled to Switzerland more than ten times, and argued strenuously based on reason (据理力争, ju li li zheng - "according to, reason, exert, struggle") with international counterparts, ultimately making the fact that the invention of artemisinin belonged to the Chinese people finally recognized by the world. More than two months after Shen Jiaxiang's death, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, for her outstanding contributions in artemisinin research, won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which was also the highest recognition of the Chinese medicine artemisinin. It can be seen that what Shen Jiaxiang guarded was not only a scientific research achievement, but also the collective dignity of Chinese scientists.
"Let more people learn to do research." Shen Jiaxiang deeply understood that if education prospers, the nation prospers (教育兴则国家兴, jiao yu xing ze guo jia xing - "education, prosper, then, nation, prosper"). His understanding of scholarship extended beyond"doing research oneself" to"letting more people learn to do research."
In 2001, Shen Jiaxiang came to teach at Tianjin University, determined to pass on all his knowledge and insights about medicines. Shen Jiaxiang was rigorous and conscientious in his teaching work. Even when teaching only an elective course for new undergraduates, he still prepared lessons with absolutely no carelessness, starting half a year in advance to consult a large amount of domestic and international materials on pharmaceutical development, and integrating his own years of study and scientific research experience into the teaching content, all for the purpose of enabling students to truly benefit from it. Shen Jiaxiang was not only a guide for students in their careers, but also a navigator on their life's journey. Shen Jiaxiang recalled that during his studies in Britain, the newer the students and the more basic the introductory courses, the more likely they were to be taught by top professors, which had a great impact on students' entire lives. Students from the School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology at Tianjin University once expressed: "Previously we felt that academicians were far away from us, and undergraduates could never have access to them. Unexpectedly, right upon entering school, we could attend an academician's course. Mr. Shen could explain much cutting-edge scientific knowledge in a way that was both simple and vivid." A doctoral student from the School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology supervised by Shen Jiaxiang recalled:"Mr. Shen's daily work tasks were extremely heavy, but he never seemed tired when working. He particularly valued cultivating graduate students' ability to conduct scientific research independently. He said that pursuing a doctorate required the courage to tackle difficult problems and take risks." Shen Jiaxiang was always concerned about the education of young people. In 2014, he and his wife Chen Yanna donated a large portion of their life savings to Tianjin University, hoping to use this money to support young people in engaging in innovative work. He hoped that these funds could help faculty and students of the School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology carry out innovative research and support more young people to strive for innovation.
Return to TopBy: 陈鲲
Education is the foundation of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation. As a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation advances in depth, artificial intelligence is reshaping the form of education with unprecedented breadth and depth, and also bringing historic opportunities to the construction of a lifelong education system. This year's Government Work Report explicitly proposed "improving public service levels for lifelong learning," incorporating lifelong learning into key arrangements for livelihood projects. The "15th Five-Year Plan" Outline explicitly proposed"optimizing public services for lifelong learning." Looking toward the "15th Five-Year Plan," implementing the strategic deployments of the "Education Powerhouse Construction Plan Outline (2024-2035)" regarding"building a learning society" and"promoting artificial intelligence to assist educational transformation," promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence and lifelong education, and accelerating the formation of a ubiquitously accessible lifelong education system, is an inevitable requirement for building an education powerhouse, and is also a key measure for achieving high-quality population development to support Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化, zhong guo shi xiandai hua - "China style modernization").From the perspective of national strategy, promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence and lifelong education is an important starting point for implementing the national education digitalization strategy. The "Opinions on Accelerating the Digitalization of Education" jointly issued by the Ministry of Education and nine other departments explicitly proposed"promoting artificial intelligence to assist educational transformation, and accelerating the formation of a ubiquitously accessible lifelong education system." This not only signifies the updating of technological tools, but also points to a systematic reshaping of educational concepts, teaching models, and governance systems. From the perspective of social development, the acceleration of industrial transformation, frequent occupational replacement, and the increasingly urgent need for lifelong learning among workers are evident. Lifelong education empowered by artificial intelligence can help various groups of people supplement new knowledge and master new skills at any time, effectively responding to the structural employment challenges brought by technological iteration. From the perspective of individual growth, artificial intelligence is making large-scale teaching students in accordance with their aptitude (因材施教, yin cai shi jiao - "according to talent teach") move from ideal to reality; through precise profiling and intelligent recommendation, every learner can obtain educational services suited to their own development needs.
Supported by platforms and data, build an intelligent public service system for lifelong learning. Building a ubiquitously accessible lifelong education system first requires a strong digital foundation. The construction of the National Smart Education Public Service Platform has provided important support for lifelong learning. At present, the platform has formed a resource layout covering four major fields—basic education, vocational education, higher education, and lifelong education—and five major sections—moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education, gathering more than 110,000 resources for primary and secondary schools, more than 11,300 high-quality online courses for vocational education, 31,000 high-quality online courses for higher education, and more than 2,000 courses for lifelong learning. Looking toward the "15th Five-Year Plan," further efforts should be made to advance the platform's integrated and intelligent upgrading, achieving interconnection, resource sharing, and data integration among platforms at all levels.
Build the National Education Big Data Center well. Connect the management information systems covering schools, students, and teachers throughout the entire chain, and promote the interconnection of education data with national population, industry, and other data. Only by constructing lifelong learning archives for learners based on whole-domain data and forming personal digital profiles can precise recommendation of learning resources and intelligent planning of learning paths be achieved. At the same time, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of large artificial intelligence education models, improve multimodal corpora, and ensure the security and reliability of data and algorithms.
Actively explore new pathways for lifelong learning. Fully leverage the advantages of our country's new institutional system, pool the collective strength of the education system, gather high-quality resources from both domestic and international sources, and oriented toward learners' needs for lifelong capability enhancement, explore new mechanisms for credit recognition, academic degree credit recognition and conferral for online non-degree and degree education, break through the temporal and spatial limitations of traditional school education, and provide more flexible, high-quality higher education opportunities for more members of society.
With institutional innovation as the breakthrough, smooth the channels for accumulation and conversion of learning outcomes. The vitality of lifelong education lies in the recognition and accumulation of learning outcomes, ultimately transforming them into practical capabilities for personal development. For a long time, barriers have stood firm between degree education and non-degree education, and the mutual recognition of learning outcomes has been difficult, becoming a key obstacle constraining enthusiasm for lifelong learning. To solve this problem, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of a lifelong learning system based on a qualifications framework, with a credit bank as the platform, and with learning outcome certification as the focus.
The qualifications framework is the "weights and measures" of lifelong learning. Accelerate the introduction of national qualifications framework standards, establish grading and mutual recognition standards for various types of learning outcomes, and promote the vertical and horizontal articulation of vocational education, higher education, and continuing education. On this basis, build a national credit bank, open lifelong learning accounts for each learner, and realize the accumulation and conversion of learning outcomes from different periods and different channels. Explore the establishment of a credit-based mechanism for conferring academic degrees in lifelong learning, enabling training outcomes and others to achieve cross-institution, cross-region accumulation and conversion.
Artificial intelligence technology provides new possibilities for the certification of learning outcomes. Through blockchain technology to record learning processes, ensure that learning behaviors are tamper-proof and traceable; through intelligent assessment systems to evaluate learners' true capability levels, realize the shift from a"class-hours-oriented" approach to a"capability-oriented" approach. These technological innovations provide strong support for the implementation of the lifelong learning system.
Oriented by demand, enrich the supply of high-quality, universally beneficial lifelong learning resources. Meeting the diverse and personalized learning needs of the people is the starting point and ultimate goal of lifelong education system construction. At present, our country is in a critical period of profound demographic structural change and accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading, and the learning needs of different groups—such as"the elderly and children," new urban residents, and incumbent workers—each have their own characteristics. It is necessary to adhere to a demand orientation and enrich the supply of educational resources by tier and category.
Serve the national strategy of actively responding to population aging, build the National University for the Elderly well, and improve the school-running network for elderly education. Oriented toward the more than 300 million silver-haired group, develop age-friendly digital courses such as intelligent living, health preservation, culture and entertainment, establish companion learning service systems, help elderly people cross the"digital divide," and realize ensuring the elderly have opportunities to learn (老有所学, lao you suo xue - "old have what learn") and ensuring the elderly have opportunities to enjoy life (老有所乐, lao you suo le - "old have what joy"). Serve rural revitalization (乡村振兴, xiang cun zhen xing - "village revitalization") and new urbanization, provide educational resources such as vocational skill training and urban life adaptation for rural residents, migrant workers entering cities, and other groups, helping them better integrate into modern life. Serve industrial upgrading needs, carry out AI Plus (人工智能+, ren gong zhi neng jia - "artificial intelligence plus") skill upgrading training for incumbent workers, promoting the continuous updating of workers' knowledge structures.
Resource construction must adhere to the direction of high quality and systematization. Improve resource development, evaluation, and withdrawal mechanisms, rely on expert assessment and user feedback to ensure resource quality. Enhance the interactivity and intelligence of resources, introduce intelligent learning companions and digital mentors, explore new models of human-machine collaborative teaching, and improve learning experience and effectiveness.
With capability enhancement as the foundation, consolidate the cornerstone of digital literacy for the whole people. Lifelong education is an educational practice spanning the entire course of life, and its core lies in making learning a part of everyone's life, realizing that everyone can learn, learning can occur everywhere, and learning can happen at any time. However, traditional lifelong education has long faced bottlenecks such as uneven distribution of learning resources, insufficient service supply capacity, and difficulty in certifying learning outcomes. The breakthrough development of artificial intelligence technology provides new possibilities for solving these difficulties. Lifelong learning in the era of artificial intelligence not only requires empowering education with technology, but also requires enabling learners to possess the ability to harness technology. Digital literacy is a basic survival skill for future citizens and a foundation for sharing the dividends of digitalization. Deeply implement the"Action Plan for Enhancing the Digital Literacy and Skills of the Whole People," embed digital literacy cultivation throughout the entire process of education and integrate it into all scenarios of life.
Establish a digital literacy cultivation system connecting primary, secondary, and higher education, and incorporate digital literacy into comprehensive quality evaluation. Offer information technology courses well for primary and secondary school students, encourage the offering of artificial intelligence characteristic courses, and cultivate computational thinking and innovative awareness. Achieve full coverage of artificial intelligence general education courses for college students. For incumbent workers and the general public, rely on institutions such as open universities and community colleges to carry out tiered and categorized digital literacy and skills training, and explore the integration of digital literacy"assessment-learning-application."
At the same time, high attention must be paid to ethical and security issues. Uphold the concept of intelligent technology for good, formulate and improve digital literacy standards for teachers and students as well as artificial intelligence application guidelines, strengthen algorithm safety assessment, to ensure correct value orientation. Always adhere to the principal position of humans, make technology serve the comprehensive development of humans, and avoid humans being alienated into appendages of technology. The construction of a lifelong education system is a systematic project requiring the coordinated efforts of government, schools, enterprises, and all sectors of society. Standing at a new historical starting point, we must firmly grasp the historic opportunities that artificial intelligence brings to education, with more resolute and stronger policy support and resource investment, comprehensively promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence technology with the lifelong education system, through personalized and intelligent learning support, make learning a lifestyle for everyone, and transform the advantage of human resources into a mighty force for realizing national rejuvenation.
Return to TopBy: 陈小林
On July 25, at the 48th session of the World Heritage Committee held in Busan, the Republic of Korea, the "Jingdezhen Handmade Porcelain Industry Heritage" was successfully inscribed on the World Heritage List, becoming the first world heritage site with "porcelain" as its theme. Jingdezhen's kiln fires have burned unceasingly for a thousand years, passed down from generation to generation (代代相传, dai dai xiang chuan - "generation generation, mutually pass"), and undergone rigorous training to become a success (百炼成器, bai lian cheng qi - "hundred refine, become vessel"), as the thousand-year porcelain capital writes a new chapter. The "Jingdezhen Handmade Porcelain Industry Heritage" inscribed on the World Heritage List comprises five major zones — the town-district porcelain industry production center, the Hutian ancient porcelain kiln site, the Gaoling porcelain clay mine site, the Changling porcelain stone mine site, and the Jiaotan kiln fuel production area — covering 45 heritage sites, with a total heritage area of 1,977 hectares, showcasing the complete process of handmade porcelain production from clay to porcelain, vividly reflecting the innovative development of China's handmade porcelain technology, porcelain art, and porcelain industry from the 10th to the 19th centuries.
The "Jingdezhen Handmade Porcelain Industry Heritage" demonstrates the innovative development of ancient Chinese handmade porcelain technology and its contributions to the world. The Hutian ancient porcelain kiln site, adjacent to the Jingdezhen town district and located on the south bank of the Nanhe River, a tributary of the Changjiang River, was the central kiln site of Jingdezhen's porcelain industry during the Song and Yuan dynasties; its earliest cultural remains have been dated by the archaeological community to the Five Dynasties period, spanning approximately 700 years, making it one of the longest-lasting and best-preserved large-scale porcelain production bases among Jingdezhen's ancient kiln sites. Here, ceramic artisans integrated southern and northern porcelain-making techniques to fire the qingbai (bluish-white) porcelain highly esteemed by later generations, and the site's kiln deposits and excavated porcelain shards reveal to the world the complete developmental trajectory of qingbai porcelain firing. Qingbai porcelain was praised in Jiang Qi's "Tao Ji"(Record of Ceramics) with the accolades "white and flawless" and"Rao jade," and Song Yingxing's "Tiangong Kaiwu·Taoshan"(The Works of Heaven and the Inception of Things·Pottery) lauded it as"possessing the appearance of plain flesh and jade bones," fully attesting to the exquisite craftsmanship and artistic value of qingbai porcelain firing. The emergence of qingbai porcelain fundamentally altered the pre-existing distribution pattern of Chinese porcelain —"southern green, northern white" — pushing porcelain-making technology to new heights and laying a solid foundation for Jingdezhen's rise as China's porcelain production center.
The invention of the"binary"formula was another major innovation in ancient Chinese handmade porcelain technology. Before the advent of the"binary"formula, Jingdezhen porcelain-making used single porcelain stone as raw material, but porcelain stone had relatively low heat resistance — excessively high temperatures could easily cause the body to collapse, warp, or deform, making it difficult to fire large porcelain vessels, so although qingbai porcelain was renowned throughout the world, it consisted mainly of small vessels such as bowls, plates, and cups. As Jingdezhen became a major porcelain-producing town and the scale of kiln operations expanded, high-quality natural porcelain stone raw materials grew increasingly depleted, anda near-white clay — kaolin — entered the view of porcelain artisans. They added kaolin to porcelain stone, and through repeated practice and experimentation, invented the"binary"formula technology — a major technological innovation not only in the history of Chinese ceramics but also in the history of world ceramics. Kaolin contains a relatively high proportion of alumina and has good refractory properties; after mixing kaolin into porcelain stone, the fire resistance of the porcelain body was greatly improved, reducing collapse, warping, and deformation during high-temperature firing, enabling the firing of larger and more complex porcelain vessels, achieving a leapfrog upgrade in Jingdezhen's porcelain-making craftsmanship and product quality, supporting Jingdezhen's porcelain industry to ascend the world's pinnacle, making it the world's porcelain production center from the 16th to the 18th centuries. The Gaoling porcelain clay mine site and the Changling porcelain stone mine site were respectively famous kaolin raw material production areas and important porcelain stone(and glaze stone) raw material production areas during the Ming and Qing dynasties; the raw materials they produced, when combined through the"binary"formula, could form porcelain bodies suitable for producing hard, high-grade porcelain. The Gaoling porcelain clay mine site fully reflects the processes of kaolin mining, processing, and transportation, witnessing the"binary"formula's journey from practical experimentation to popularization and dissemination. The"binary"formula not only influenced China — via the Maritime Silk Road and missionaries it spread far to Europe — but also exerted an important influence on 18th-century European porcelain-making technology, becoming an important reference for European production of hard-paste porcelain; the pronunciation of"Gaoling,""ka-olin," became the first term in international mineralogy named after a Chinese place name.
The"Jingdezhen Handmade Porcelain Industry Heritage" demonstrates the innovative development of ancient China's handmade porcelain industry and its spatial layout of the complete industrial chain. The Hutian ancient porcelain kiln site and the town-district porcelain industry production center, as constituent heritage elements, bear witness to the developmental course of Jingdezhen's handmade porcelain industry. From the 10th to the 13th centuries, Jingdezhen's porcelain industry was mainly distributed along the Nanhe River and Xiaonanhe River, tributaries of the Changjiang River, in close proximity to raw material sources, with numerous sites —"kiln fires in every village, pottery workshops at every household" — comprising over a hundred kiln sites, with the Hutian ancient kiln being the central kiln site of that era. As high-quality raw materials along the Nanhe River basin gradually became depleted, porcelain industry activities shifted along the Nanhe River basin toward the east bank of the mainstem Changjiang River; the establishment of the Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln Factory(renamed the Imperial Kiln Factory in the early Qing Dynasty) during the early Ming Dynasty accelerated the concentration of porcelain production toward the town district, spurring rapid development of the town-district porcelain industry. The town-district porcelain industry production center's heritage elements consist of the Imperial Kiln Factory kiln site, the Luomaqiao kiln site, the Guanyinge kiln site, the Imperial Kiln Factory west kiln site, civilian kiln workshops, workshop buildings and sites, porcelain industry shop buildings, porcelain industry social organization buildings and sites, and remains of the town district's land-and-water transportation system; these constituent heritage elements not only display the large-scale porcelain industry system and the specialized division of labor among porcelain-making processes of that era, bearing witness to changes in the porcelain industry ecology —"official supervision of civilian firing,""official firing at civilian kilns,"and"official-civilian market competition" — but also narrate the flourishing scene Jingdezhen experienced due to the development of its porcelain industry. The concentration of the porcelain industry toward the town district separated ceramic firing production from raw material production areas and fuel production areas, yet among the heritage constituent elements there are remains of three transportation systems, presenting how raw materials and fuel arrived at the town-district porcelain industry production center, and how porcelain was transported to various places, forming a closed loop of the complete industrial chain. Kiln fuel was the primary fuel for ancient ceramic firing and was the energy foundation for the thousand-year kiln fires' endless growth and multiplication (生生不息, sheng sheng bu xi - "life life, not stop"); the Jiaotan kiln fuel production area was a typical representative of the kiln-fuel mountain-forest production-and-transport system during the Ming and Qing dynasties, including the Lifang village kiln-fuel mountain forests and ancient building complex, and the Jianxi kiln-fuel waterway transportation remains. The kiln fuel of Jiaotan consisted mainly of Masson's pine; after the Masson's pine was felled, it was processed into standard kiln fuel, placed into the Jianxi River to float downstream to the dock for loading onto boats, then entering the town-district porcelain industry production center via the Changjiang River. Along the Jianxi River, the Qingfu Bridge, the Zhangshuwu dock, and the Jianxi village dock are remains of the Jianxi kiln-fuel waterway transportation of that time. The Donghe River is another tributary of the Changjiang River, located upstream of the town district; deep among the mountains along the upper reaches of the Donghe River lie the Gaoling porcelain clay mine site and the Changling porcelain stone mine site, and the Donghe River raw material land-and-water transportation remains show to the world the process by which mined kaolin and porcelain stone traveled from the mines via the Donghe River into the Changjiang River and then to the town-district porcelain industry production center. The third transportation system remains are those of the town district's land-and-water transportation system, including ancient streets, lanes, cross-alleys, navigable waterways, harbors, and docks;the town district's land-and-water transportation network was well developed, carrying not only raw materials and fuel — which, after being unloaded from the Changjiang River, entered various kiln sites and workshops via ancient streets and lanes — but also carrying the principle that"once the vessels are completed, they travel throughout the world," transporting the exquisite porcelain produced there to be sold across the world.
The"Jingdezhen Handmade Porcelain Industry Heritage" demonstrates the innovative development of Chinese handmade porcelain art and civilization exchange and mutual learning (文明互鉴, wen ming hu jian - "civilization mutually, learn"). From qingbai porcelain, to blue-and-white porcelain, to famille-rose porcelain, this is not merely the development of porcelain-making technology, but also the artistic pursuit of porcelain artisans, and the abundant fruits borne of cultural exchange and civilization mutual learning. The emergence of mature blue-and-white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty began when Jingdezhen porcelain artisans used cobalt pigment imported from Persia to draw outlines and apply washes on biscuit-fired bodies for underglaze decoration, then fired them at high temperatures;the blue-and-white porcelain shards and vessels unearthed at the Hutian ancient porcelain kiln site, the Luomaqiao kiln site, the Guanyinge kiln site, and the Imperial Kiln Factory kiln site — their shapes, decorative patterns, and inscriptions — embody the exchange, integration, and innovative development of Chinese and foreign cultures. The emergence of famille-rose porcelain during the 17th to 18th centuries provided broader space for ceramic artistic creation, using ceramics as the medium and employing painting, calligraphy, and sculpture arts to create narrative works from mountains, rivers, flying birds, running beasts, novel characters, historical stories, and mythological legends, forming a uniquely charming artistic expression;the painted decoration on vessels and porcelain shards unearthed at Jingdezhen's various kiln sites presents the aesthetic preferences, cultural customs, and artistic styles of different historical periods, providing important references for our understanding of those eras.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that"porcelain is a Chinese treasure anda significant calling card of Chinese civilization,"and that one must"make the'Thousand-Year Porcelain Capital'—this splendid calling card—shine even brighter." Jingdezhen has issued a series of institutional regulations, increasing support and protection for inheritors of intangible cultural heritage in ceramics, promoting the living transmission of traditional handmade porcelain techniques, using porcelain as the medium to strengthen foreign cultural exchange and cooperation, and fostering civilization exchange and mutual learning and mutual appreciation. Sun Lixin, the fourth-generation inheritor of the Sun family kiln anda inheritor of blue-and-white porcelain-making techniques, is a typical representative of Jingdezhen's efforts to promote the living transmission of traditional handmade porcelain techniques;he has already taken on 60 apprentices free of charge to teach blue-and-white porcelain techniques, and on holidays works at the Sun family kiln studio in the Taoyangli Historical and Cultural District, lecturing to domestic and international tourists about ceramic knowledge, devoted to the dissemination of ceramic culture. Cai Wenjuan is another representative inheritor of the Yuan blue-and-white intangible cultural heritage, and was the only woman on the Chinese delegation witnessing on site in Busan the inscription of the"Jingdezhen Handmade Porcelain Industry Heritage" on the World Heritage List;she innovates inheritance pathways, producing the short video series"The Stories of 100 Ancient Porcelain Shards," telling"blue-and-white stories" and transmitting blue-and-white techniques. The UNESCO Chair"Ceramic Culture: Protection and Innovation," headquartered at Jingdezhen University, uses ceramic art as a medium to carry out transnational cultural exhibitions, organizes renowned international ceramic art experts for seminars and exchanges, promotes mutual learning among ceramic academic thought and cultural concepts, and organizes ceramic experts to travel to the Republic of Korea, Russia, Belarus, Malaysia, Thailand, and Germany for ceramic art exhibitions, disseminating ceramic culture and demonstrating the Chair's international responsibility in advancing mutual learning among human civilizations.
The thousand-year kiln fires burn unceasingly, and the porcelain industry's cultural lineage is passed down from generation to generation;the Jingdezhen Handmade Porcelain Industry Heritage is solidified history, and even more so a living civilization;the thousand-year porcelain capital is increasingly radiating new radiance of the era.
(The author is the Party Committee Secretary of Jingdezhen University)
Return to TopBy: 陆彩荣
The publishing industry has always encompassed the two dimensions of quantity and quality. Quantity is the foundation, and quality is the key. Over the more than 70 years since the founding of New China, China's publishing industry has steadily entered the ranks of major publishing countries, with an annual output of more than 400,000 book titles, of which new books exceed 200,000 titles, and its scale and volume are extraordinarily impressive (蔚为可观, wei wei ke guan - "extraordinarily, can, be, seen"). However, we must clearly recognize that there is still a long road to travel from being a major publishing country to becoming a publishing power, and the space for improving publishing quality remains vast. As the ancients said: "To sharpen one's tools before setting out to do a job well" (工欲善其事，必先利其器, gong yu shan qi shi, bi xian li qi qi - "craftsman, desire, improve, their, work, must, beforehand, sharpen, their, tools"). If publishing seeks only quantity without emphasizing quality, it will be unable to bear the mission of cultural inheritance. In this context, how to correctly handle the relationship between quantity and quality has become an important issue that the industry must seriously confront. For publishing houses, quantity is the basic foundation for survival and operation, while quality is the shining point that wins reputation and achieves breakthroughs. If there is only quantity but a lack of quality, publishing houses can only maintain basic survival and find it difficult to achieve sustained development. Quality is the soul and core of publishing work. Only by placing quality improvement at the forefront on the basis of ensuring a certain scale, and achieving a dynamic balance between quantity and quality, can publishing work ascend to a new level and move toward truly high-quality development.
At present, in coordinating the relationship between quantity and quality in China's publishing industry, one particularly prominent aspect lies in thematic publishing. Thematic publishing is a uniquely important form in China's publishing circles, a key vehicle for centering on the overall work of the Party and the state, serving the overall situation, with profound social influence and significant contemporary significance. However, it should also be noted that some thematic publications still suffer from problems such as homogeneous content, rough editing and proofreading, monotonous formats, and dull language. Proceeding from the long-term development of the publishing industry and the mission of cultural construction, we must attach great importance to quality control in thematic publishing, adhere to the principle of quality first, better to have nothing than to have something of poor quality (宁缺毋滥, ning que wu lan - "rather, lack, not, abuse"), resolutely eliminate making something of poor quality (粗制滥造, cu zhi lan zao - "crude, manufacture, excessive, create"), and push thematic publishing toward a development track of academization, standardization, and excellence
It should be recognized that thematic publishing is not only an important component of publishing work, but also an important platform through which publishing serves reality, responds to the times, and contributes to society. In advancing thematic publishing, we must follow publishing laws, strengthen academic support and cultural accumulation, and from topic planning, content compilation, to editing, proofreading, printing, publicity, and promotion, every link must implement an awareness of excellence. Only by strictly controlling quality through scientific planning, and adhering to quality priority, can we promote thematic publishing to achieve high-quality, sustainable development, making it truly an important force for disseminating thought, guiding values, and accumulating culture
Looking at the history of international publishing, quantity and quality have always been a pair of mutually reinforcing, mutually dependent relationships. Cultural accumulation requires the support of a certain quantity of publications, while cultural prosperity must rely on the improvement of publishing quality. Therefore, correctly handling the relationship between the two, adhering to quality leading quantity, and using fine works to drive scale, is the inevitable path to achieving the healthy development of the publishing industry. The hallmark of a publishing power lies not only in the richness of book varieties, but also in the forward-looking nature of thought, the profundity of scholarship, the inclusiveness of culture, and the readability of texts—only by building a solid "tower foundation" of quality can we support the towering edifice of the publishing undertaking. In the final analysis, the core yardstick for measuring the development of the publishing industry has always been quality, that is, the depth of content, the height of thought, the thickness of culture, and the breadth of scholarship in books. We must, from the perspective of the long-term healthy development of the industry, comprehensively strengthen the construction of publishing quality, especially improving the content standards and editing-and-printing quality of thematic publications, and promoting an overall leap in the quality of Chinese publishing. This is both an inherent requirement of the Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化, zhong guo shi xian dai hua - "China, style, modernization") process for the publishing undertaking, and an important foundation for us to walk at the forefront of the world in cultural accumulation, academic inheritance, and ideological innovation. In this process, accelerating the construction of a disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese bearing, as well as a philosophy and social science system with Chinese characteristics, is particularly crucial
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to publishing work, and has on multiple occasions made a series of important instructions and delivered a series of important statements on publishing work, providing fundamental guidelines and action guides for promoting the high-quality development of the publishing industry in the new era. Publishing, as an important component of the cultural undertaking, must serve the overall situation of cultural prosperity, must inject momentum into building a cultural power, and must contribute to enhancing the world influence and communication capacity of Chinese civilization. This requires every publishing professional to strengthen their sense of responsibility and mission, and with the craftsmanship spirit of constantly striving for perfection (精益求精, jing yi qiu jing - "refine, more, seek, excellence"), do a good job with every book and pass every checkpoint. As the great French writer Hugo once reminded:"Books are tools for transforming the soul." Publishing professionals should craft every work with ingenuity, offer excellent spiritual food to the people, write vivid chapters for the times, and preserve cultural treasures for history—so that publishing can continue to play an irreplaceable and important role in cultural construction and mutual learning among civilizations. (The author is a vice chairman of the China Publishing Association)
Return to TopBy: 王美平
The Special Higher Police Section, full name the Special Higher Police Section of the Police Bureau, was an important political police organ, thought police organ, and espionage and intelligence agency of Japan during the period from 1911 to 1945, and was an important instrument of violence by which Japan maintained its fascist dictatorial rule and supported its wars of external aggression. The Special Higher Police Section included three types: the Special Higher Police Section of the Japanese Home Ministry, the Special Higher Police Section of the Army Ministry's Military Police Corps, and the Special Higher Police Section in Japanese-occupied territories. The Special Higher Police Section in Japanese-occupied territories mainly included the Special Higher Police Sections of Police Affairs Bureaus, the Special Higher Police Sections of Military Police Corps units, the Special Higher Police Sections of police stations attached to legations and consulates, as well as the special affairs sections of police affairs bureaus of puppet regimes, established in Japanese-occupied Korea, China's Taiwan, the Kwantung Leased Territory, and the vast occupied areas. Internally, the Special Higher Police Section implemented strict control and social suppression, suppressing progressive forces; externally, through suppressing and persecuting patriotic anti-Japanese activities in Asian countries, collecting intelligence, and other means, it served Japan's external aggression and maintenance of colonial rule, and during history, especially during World War II, committed many evil deeds and was notorious.
The establishment and organizational system of the Special Higher Police Section. The advent of the Special Higher Police Section was a product of the malformed development of modern Japanese militarism, and was a dictatorial tool deliberately forged to safeguard the national polity of imperial rule and clear obstacles to expansion. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan gradually established its basic national policy of external aggression and expansion. In the early 20th century, socialist and anti-war pacifist thought spread into Japan, and workers' movements and anti-imperial-rule movements flourished, continuously impacting Japan's ruling order, becoming an internal obstacle to Japan's implementation of external aggression and expansion.
In order to thoroughly suppress progressive thought and dismantle social resistance forces, in 1911, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, under the guidance of the Home Ministry, formally established the Special Higher Police Section, marking the formal establishment of the Special Higher Police Section. Thereafter, the Special Higher Police Section established branches at the police headquarters of each circuit, prefecture, and prefecture-level administrative division, implementing vertical management, free from interference by local governments, ensuring that fascist decrees reached the grassroots directly. In the 1920s, the development of Japan's left-wing movement caused the military to begin facing anti-military and anti-war movements from society. The Japanese Military Police Corps departed from its purely military police functions, gradually intervening in social and political surveillance and public order suppression operations, undertaking the functions of secret political police. After the founding of the Japanese Communist Party in 1922, the Military Police Corps of the Army Ministry first established Special Higher Police Sections in Tokyo and Osaka, conducting surveillance, intelligence collection, and suppression of left-wing workers' movements, peasants' movements, students' movements, and cultural movements.
At the same time, as Japan engaged in large-scale external aggression during the 20th century, in order to monitor the ideological trends of populations in occupied areas, collect intelligence, destroy anti-Japanese organizations, achieve tight control over occupied areas, and maintain colonial rule, Special Higher Police Sections in Japanese-occupied territories were also established one after another. The Special Higher Police Sections in Japanese-occupied territories belonged to four major systems:the Japanese police affairs departments, the Foreign Ministry, the Military Police Corps, and the police affairs departments of puppet regimes. In 1919, the Japanese government organized a higher police force under the Police Affairs Section of the Police Affairs Bureau of the Kwantung Hall in Northeast China, which became independent as the Higher Police Section in July 1923. Japanese legations and consulates in China also had Special Higher Police Sections, but their designations varied. In the 1920s, police stations of various consulates established higher affairs sections, and after the 1930s, the higher affairs sections of police stations of Japanese consulates in cities such as Shanghai and Tianjin were formally renamed Special Higher Police Sections and Special Higher Police Squads. The Special Higher Police under consulates were administered by the Japanese Foreign Ministry, under the command of the consul general. The Military Police Corps units in Japanese-occupied territories also established Special Higher Police Sections, such as the Third Section of the Police Affairs Bureau established by the Kwantung Military Police Corps in 1935. Police departments of puppet regimes in various places also established special affairs sections. For example, as puppet Manchukuo abolished extraterritoriality in December 1937, the Foreign Ministry police in Manchukuo and the police of the Kwantung Bureau were transferred into the Special Affairs Section of the Police Affairs Section of the Public Security Department of puppet Manchukuo, continuing to perform the functions of Special Higher Police.
Internally, brutally suppressing progressive forces and anti-war people. The Special Higher Police Section implemented extreme fascist ideological tyranny internally, using bloody means to suppress the Japanese Communist Party, left-wing progressive organizations, liberal intellectuals, and ordinary anti-war people, using white terror to forcibly bind all Japanese nationals onto the chariot of aggression. This responsibility was mainly borne by the Special Higher Police Section of the Japanese Home Ministry and the Special Higher Police Section of the Army Ministry's Military Police Corps. In its early days, the Japanese Communist Party advocated overthrowing private ownership and imperial rule, opposed external colonial aggression, and became the primary target of suppression by the Special Higher Police Section. In order to give ideological suppression a legal veneer, in 1925 Japan promulgated the Peace Preservation Law, listing "changing the national polity of imperial rule" and "denying private property" as serious crimes, which became the core legal basis for the Special Higher Police Section's suppression activities. In the "March 15 Incident" of 1928, the Special Higher Police Section arrested 1,600 people, including members of the Japanese Communist Party, nationwide, severely damaging the newly founded organizational system of the Japanese Communist Party. In the "April 16 Incident" of 1929, the Special Higher Police Section again arrested more than 700 left-wing backbone elements, nearly destroying the rebuilt Japanese Communist Party. Data show that from 1928 to 1931, the number of people arrested by the Special Higher Police Section for left-wing movements soared from 3,426 to 10,422, and countless progressive people were imprisoned. In addition to combating communist forces, the Special Higher Police Section heavily suppressed liberal intellectuals and progressive cultural forces. In 1933, the famous progressive writer Kobayashi Takiji was persecuted to death by brutal torture by the Special Higher Police Section, becoming a typical victim of Japanese fascist ideological tyranny. In the middle and late stages of World War II, the control of the Special Higher Police Section extended into the daily lives of all nationals, building a pervasive ideological surveillance system. Any ordinary person who expressed war-weary remarks, questioned the justice of the war, spread the truth about the war situation, or complained about wartime material shortages would be charged with crimes such as "disturbing the national polity" or "confusing military morale," and subjected to admonishment, arrest, and imprisonment. In order to eliminate discussions of "defeatist remarks" and war responsibility, the Special Higher Police Section suppressed anti-national-polity pacifist organizations, completely strangled all domestic anti-war voices, plunging Japanese society into a恐怖 state in which the entire people fell silent.
Externally, serving aggression wars and colonial rule. As Japan's war of aggression advanced, the criminal functions of the Special Higher Police Section greatly spilled outward, extending from domestic ideological control to control of overseas occupied areas and colonial rule. In Korea, China's Taiwan, and various occupied areas, it established branch organizations, fully cooperating with Japan's military aggression, becoming an important accomplice in consolidating colonial rule and suppressing anti-Japanese forces, committing aggression crimes too numerous to be recorded. This part of the responsibility was mainly borne by the Special Higher Police Sections in Japanese-occupied territories. From 1927 to before the September 18 Incident, the Kwantung Hall Higher Police and Military Police Corps units manufactured incidents destroying the Chinese Communist Party organization in Dalian, the Fushun Special Branch, the Chinese Communist Party Kwantung County Committee, and others, arresting a total of 158 people, and sentencing Zheng Gaohe, Du Jihui, Qu Wenxiu, and others to long-term imprisonment. After Japan's war of aggression against China broke out in 1931, frantically destroying anti-Japanese organizations and cruelly harming patriotic martyrs was the most bloody crime of the Japanese Special Higher Police Section. In 1932, puppet Manchukuo was established, and the Japanese Embassy to puppet Manchukuo specially established its Second Section, namely the Special Higher Police Section. After 1934, the anti-Japanese movement led by the Chinese Communist Party grew increasingly vigorous. Under the command of the Police Affairs Bureau of the Japanese Embassy to puppet Manchukuo, the police station of the Harbin Consulate General conducted four arrests of 44 members of the Chinese Communist Party in Harbin, Fengtian, Xinjing, and other places from April to June 1934. In 1937, the Special Higher Police Section of the Kwantung Military Police Corps manufactured the "April 15 Massacre," arresting more than 700 people, including Han Shoukui, Secretary of the Harbin Special Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, in Harbin, Fengtian, Dalian, and other places, with nearly 200 people killed, causing devastating destruction to the Harbin Special Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and its underground party organizations in many subordinate localities. In 1938, the Special Higher Police Section of the Kwantung Military Police Corps again manufactured the"March 15 Massacre," launching a large-scale search and arrest operation against the Temporary Provincial Committee of Northern Manchuria in areas such as Sanjiang Province, with nearly 400 party members and masses arrested. Arrested Communist Party members and patriotic martyrs would inevitably suffer brutal torture and cruel killing, and some were even sent to Unit 731 for live human experimentation. It can be said that the Special Higher Police Section was guilty of numerous crimes and full of evil.
In addition to directly suppressing anti-Japanese activities, the Special Higher Police Section also relied on the control network in occupied areas to collect information on local popular sentiment, social dynamics, and anti-Japanese armed activities, providing intelligence support for Japanese army mopping-up operations. In August 1934, the Kwantung Military Police Corps deployed military police corps units and detachments at 97 locations in Northeast China, with police forces spread throughout puppet Manchukuo. Special Higher Police personnel of various systems would all be assigned to mopping-up brigade units in various places, and during marches, combat, and garrison duty, they often reconnoitered "enemy situations" at the front lines. They used secret agents, turncoats, postal inspection, interrogation at roadblocks or village entrances, battlefield cleanup, and other means to conduct intelligence reconnaissance, providing important references for commanders' decision-making. The content of their intelligence collection mainly included the development of Chinese Communist Party organizations, the situation of Chinese Communist Party organizations carrying out propaganda work among the masses, the situation of Soviet assistance to Chinese Communist Party organizations, the situation of Chinese Communist Party military forces and regime building, popular sentiment trends, and so on. From March 1942 to March 1943, the Military Police Corps arrested a total of 1,178 anti-Japanese Communists in Bei'an, Qiqihar, and other places. In the later period of the War of Resistance, the North China Military Police Corps also formed the North China Special Police Force together with ordinary troops, using their experience in reconnaissance of Communists to assist Japanese troops in operations against the Eighth Route Army. The Special Higher Police Section of the Kwantung Military Police Corps also used radio reconnaissance intelligence provided by the Xinjing Special Military Police Corps, causing severe damage to our party's underground intelligence network in Northeast China. A case in point was the"Baitapu Radio Station Case" manufactured by the Special Higher Police Section of the Fengtian Military Police Corps in February 1943. In November 1941, the Fengtian Radio Reconnaissance Work Squad of the Xinjing Special Military Police Corps reconnoitered the existence of a secret radio station in Fengtian, tracked the radio station through multiple relocations, and measured the transmission point at Baitapu. On February 10, 1943, Major Nishioka of the Xinjing Special Military Police Corps led a 14-member determination work squad, together with a 20-plus-member Special Higher Police arrest squad led by Major Kakezawa Tokuo of the Special Higher Police Section of the Fengtian Military Police Corps, raided a residence at Baitapu. On the morning of the 11th, Sakata Tsuneo of the radio reconnaissance squad found the radio transmitter and code book from the ashes, destroying the Baitapu radio station, and Zhao Fuyuan, an underground intelligence officer of the Chinese Communist Party, was arrested and later cruelly killed by the Japanese army. After World War II ended in 1945, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers dissolved various Special Higher Police organizations affiliated with the Japanese Home Ministry, Army Ministry, and others, and abolished the Peace Preservation Law. However, the Special Higher Police of the Home Ministry merely had their former posts removed, and were not generally held criminally responsible; instead, they transformed into public security police. Among the Military Police Special Higher Police officers who participated in arrests, torture, and manufactured major massacres in China, only some were sentenced to imprisonment as Class B and Class C war criminals. Affected by the Cold War, the United States adjusted its policy toward Japan, and a large number of Special Higher Police personnel bearing responsibility were exempted from prosecution; many were not thoroughly brought to account, becoming the vanguard of the resurgence of Japanese militarism in the postwar period.
The criminal history of the Special Higher Police Section fully exposes the essence of Japanese militarism:dictatorship, aggression, and brutality. At present, a new form of Japanese militarism is on the rise, and Japan's social and political control is increasingly strengthened. The National Intelligence Headquarters established by the Ishiba Cabinet on July 31, 2026, possesses both the attribute of monitoring nationals and the function of integrating intelligence from various sources, and its logic is of the same ilk as the wartime Special Higher Police Section's thought control and war mobilization, seriously threatening peace in East Asia. Looking back at this criminal history of the Special Higher Police Section has important practical warning significance. Only by learning from history, deeply reflecting on history, and resolutely curbing the militarist countercurrent can Japan avoid repeating the same mistakes.
(The author is a professor at the Research Center for Modern and Contemporary World History and the School of History of Nankai University)
Return to TopBy: 董欣洁
Western-centrism is an expanded version of Eurocentrism. It regards the West as the center of world historical development, regards the capitalist civilization of Western Europe and North America as the highest stage of social development, and ignores or even denies the history of the vast regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It is not only the theoretical foundation of Western colonialism, serving capitalist colonial expansion at its very source, but also the root of Western narrow nationalism, racism, and regionalism, and is the most typical historical nihilism serving the Western ideological domination of the globe. As a Western mode of historical narrative, Western-centrism manufactures discursive traps under Western hegemony, which not only does not help Western publics broaden their actual horizons and form a correct historical understanding, but also places a severe intellectual shackle on historical research in Asian, African, and Latin American countries, requiring vigilance and破除.
In historical research and narrative, the traditional manifestations and erroneous views of Western-centrism include at least the following three aspects. First, it uses ancient Asian and African states to pave the way for Western civilization, pushing the "West" as a cultural unit back to the ancient Near East. European historical development was slow, and there was no Western civilization that had existed since ancient times. Before the 13th century, the term"Europe" mainly described a geographical location. According to the judgment of American historian Jonathan Daly, it was only in 1748 that Montesquieu first described Europe as"a geographical, cultural, political, and intellectual entity possessing its own history and its own distinctive characteristics." Relying on the breakthrough of capitalist production and the accumulation of colonial plunder, Western Europe and North America only gained a power advantage over Asia, especially China, by the first half of the 19th century. Yet some Western-centrist historical works, represented by"Global West: Connections and Identity," trace the so-called"ancient Western civilization" back to Mesopotamia and Egypt in the Near East around 3000 BC, intending to manufacture, from the source, a world history centered on European history.
Second, using the periodization method of"ancient—medieval—modern," it tailors world history to the standard of European history. In historical writings dominated by Western-centrism, ancient history focuses on Greece and Rome, the medieval period depicts Christianity, feudalism, the Renaissance, and other content, while modern history portrays Europe's external expansion, without positively narrating the histories of Asian, African, and Latin American countries, treating them only as foils before the rise of Western civilization and as dominated objects after its rise, thereby denying the subjectivity and agency of Asian, African, and Latin American countries.
Finally, it slanders the"non-Western" countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America as stagnant, dark, and barbaric, and advocates the"civilizing mission" of the West"civilizing" the colonies and the"white man's burden." Historical writings dominated by Western-centrism are accustomed to fabricating the thesis that"barbaric Africa and the decadent, despotic Eastern societies can reach the level of civilization under Europe's guardianship, that is, under Europe's colonial control," thereby absolving imperialism of historical responsibility for colonial aggression. After World War II, the imperialist colonial system collapsed, more than 100 newly independent nation-states ascended the international political stage, emerging science and technology advanced by leaps and bounds, and economic globalization developed rapidly. The new progress of historical research globally is the effort to restore the due status of the histories of Asian, African, and Latin American countries that have been obscured by Western-centrism, and from this arose the most broadly influential contemporary trend of global history thought. Although Western global history research has produced a large number of results in"looking at the world and displaying the globe," it has not fully escaped the shackles of Western-centrism, still retaining a"persistent Western-centered structure."
Western global history research equates the"rise of the West" with the rise of modernity, using this as the starting point of historical interpretation. Its core viewpoint is to advocate that the"rise of the West" is the main thread of human social history, and that Western civilization is the most dynamic modern culture. Westerners, in their own image, have civilized the entire world, erroneously believing that the globalized world is first of all a capitalist world, and that the era of Western dominance has not yet clearly become a thing of the past. They regard the United States as the highest stage of historical development, and the distance between this highest point and other countries with weaker modernity is regarded as a manifestation of American superiority.
In terms of research methods, Western global history research simplistically reduces the complex interactions of human society to"cross-cultural interaction." The problem with"cross-cultural interaction" research lies in that both the interacting subjects and the historical processes are relativized: imperialism and colonialism are treated as channels of interaction, aggression and being-aggressed are simplistically reduced to competing interactive relations, and exploitation and being-exploited are blurred into mutually contacting interactive relations. Such research often neglects the historical characterization of imperialism and colonialism, intentionally or unintentionally obscuring the historical facts and unjust nature of Western countries' colonial aggression against Asian, African, and Latin American countries, and steers interaction research toward power-political analysis.
In addition, Western global history research has long ignored the new developmental achievements of Asian, African, and Latin American countries since the 20th century. The Global South, comprising more than 100 countries with a population exceeding 6 billion and accounting for over 40% of global economic output, contributes 80% to world economic growth, and is a key force in safeguarding world peace and development and improving global governance, yet its development course and tremendous achievements have not received the attention they deserve in historical writings. The narrative mainline of Western global history regarding the 20th century is the two world wars, the Cold War (and its end), and decolonization; this kind of historical narrative cannot systematically present the developmental achievements and practical problems of Asian, African, and Latin American countries since the 20th century.
How can we break free from the various traps set by Western-centrism in historical research? The concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, provides a brand-new perspective with historical penetrating power, grounded in a broad world vision and profound historical thinking. In today's world, faced with shared challenges, no country can keep itself out of trouble or stay aloof, and the only way out is to work together in harmony to overcome difficulties and to coexist in harmony. Historical research needs to be based on the concept and practice of a community with a shared future for mankind, employ the latest concepts such as a community with a shared future for mankind, civilization exchange and mutual learning, and common values of humanity, and, from the dimensions of ontology, epistemology, and methodology, open up broad space for historical research, explain and lead the new development of world history.
Treat human history as a history of the formation and development of a community with a shared future for mankind. Over the past decade or more, building a community with a shared future for mankind has expanded from a Chinese initiative into international consensus, and has transformed from a beautiful vision into rich practice. This overarching transformation of human society has indicated the direction of progress for human civilization, and is the most notable change in the century-long transformation of the world. The new progress made in building a community with a shared future for mankind has both profound historical foundations and profound historical inevitability. The course of human society moving from scattered localities toward a community with a shared future for mankind in which all share weal and woe—this course itself is world history or global history, and building an even closer community with a shared future for mankind is the direction of world historical development.
Interpret historical development and view the future world from the perspective of civilization exchangeand mutual learning. Civilizations become diverse through exchange, learn from each other through exchange, and develop through mutual learning. Since the emergence of human civilization, populations, species, technologies, resources, ideas, and cultures have continuously exchanged and interacted. Mutual learning among civilizations is a historical norm and a horizontal driving force of historical development. Civilization exchangeand mutual learning, together with the vertical evolution of social formations, jointly constitute the two basic driving forces of human civilization. Exchangeand mutual learning are the deep logic and essential requirement of civilizational development. The eastward transmission of Buddhism, the"Confucian-Islamic confluence," the eastward spread of Western learning, and the westward spread of Chinese learning have all contributed new achievements to human civilization. Civilization exchangeand mutual learning can provide bridges and bonds for resolving the peace deficit, development deficit, security deficit, and governance deficit, thereby achieving the shared building of security, shared pursuit of development, shared flourishing of civilization, and shared governance. This is a fundamental change in the world's structure and form, and also a new vision for historical research.
Take common values of humanity as the core value identification of human history. Human civilization is a product of socialized cooperation, whose underlying color is peaceful cooperation and mutually beneficial win-win. Carrying forward the common values of humanity of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom is conducive to凝聚 global development consensus and achieving the sustainable development of humanity. The continuous expansion of new achievements in construction and modernization paths of Asian, African, and Latin American countries shows that the material and spiritual wealth of people worldwide is constantly accumulating and enriching, and that the world's progressive forces are continuously growing stronger. Common values of humanity are embedded in the aspirations and practices of people of all countries in pursuing a better life. How to uphold and carry forward common values of humanity should become a main thread and essential purport for reinterpreting and展望 the development of human history.
(The author is a research fellow at the Center for Historical Theory Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
Return to TopBy: 陈辉宗
A key hallmark of an advanced and mature Marxist party lies in possessing a set of party-building theories that advance with the times (与时俱进, yu shi ju jin - "with, time, together, advance") and are scientific and complete. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building scientifically answers the major questions of the era: what kind of long-term governing Marxist party to build, and how to build a long-term governing Marxist party. It puts forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies for party governance and management (管党治党, guan dang zhi dang - "manage, party, govern, party"), revitalizing and strengthening the Party, bearing distinct theoretical markers, clear ideological boundaries, and a complete logical structure. This thought runs through the Marxist stand, viewpoint, and method. It is a theoretical system that demonstrates scientificity in grasping the laws of Communist Party governance, demonstrates systematicity in constructing a rigorous logical structure, demonstrates autonomy in putting forward original iconic concepts, and demonstrates openness in maintaining enduring theoretical vitality, establishing the fundamental guideline and providing the action guide for deeply advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era.
Demonstrating scientificity in grasping the laws of Communist Party governance
Scientific theories always deepen and summarize objective laws. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building is a scientific theoretical system with profound theoretical origins and a solid practical foundation. Its scientificity is embodied in the summarization and distillation of the laws of Communist Party governance, profoundly revealing the internal laws of the Party's governance philosophy, governance methods, governance foundation, and its own construction. It is the result of the combined effect of theoretical inheritance, cultural nourishment, and practical tempering.
It originates from the scientific theory of Marxism, conforming to the laws of the development of Party building in the new era. From Marx and Engels's Party-building doctrine and Lenin's Party-building doctrine, to Mao Zedong's Party-building thought and Deng Xiaoping's Party-building theory, and then to Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, this vividly interprets the process of continuous enrichment and development of the Marxist Party-building doctrine. What runs through it as the "unchanging" is the Party's highest ideal, purpose, nature, status, fundamental organizational principles, discipline, and so on; while what "changes" is that, according to changes in the world situation, national conditions, and Party conditions, new era connotations and practical requirements are constantly endowed to Party building. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building has opened up a new situation of theoretical innovation in Party building in the new era, making major original contributions to enriching and developing the Marxist Party-building doctrine
It is rooted in the excellent traditional Chinese culture, firmly upholding this "root and vein" of excellent traditional Chinese culture. From "the people are the foundation of the state" to the Party's mass line in the new era, from "governing with virtue" to the moral cultivation of cadres, from "impartiality gives rise to clarity, integrity gives rise to authority" to the integrated advancement of not daring to be corrupt, being unable to be corrupt, and not wanting to be corrupt, Xi Jinping's thought on Party building fully draws on the ideological wisdom of China's five-thousand-year history, creatively transforming the governance wisdom, self-cultivation principles, and governance ethics of excellent traditional Chinese culture into the concepts, institutions, and practices of full and rigorous Party self-governance (全面从严治党, quan mian cong yan zhi dang - "comprehensive, from, strict, govern, party"), endowing the Marxist Party-building doctrine with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner
It was nurtured in the great practice of full and rigorous Party self-governance in the new era, profoundly summarizing the Party's century-long experience in strengthening its own construction. From the breakthrough start of the Central Committee's Eight-point Regulation (八项规定, ba xiang gui ding - "eight, items, regulation") to curbing the momentum of the spread of the four styles of decadence (四风, si feng - "four, winds") (formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance); from the continuous conduct of centralized intra-Party education to the improvement of the organizational system and supervision system; from the revision and improvement of intra-Party laws and regulations to the tightening and firming up of the responsibility for party governance and management — every forward step of full and rigorous Party self-governance is accompanied by the deepening of the understanding of the laws governing the construction of a Marxist governing party. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building is a systematic summary and theoretical distillation of the practical experience of full and rigorous Party self-governance in the new era, fully embodying the excellent qualities of our Party, and is a vivid portrayal of using the "arrow" of Marxism in the new era to shoot the "target" of Party building in the new era
To deeply study and comprehend Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, one must deeply understand and grasp the "change" and "unchanged" in the laws of Communist Party governance, grasp the theoretical origins from the developmental thread of Marxist Party-building theory, understand the value foundation from the profound nourishment of excellent traditional Chinese culture, comprehend the requirements of the times from the vivid practice of full and rigorous Party self-governance in the new era, ensure the correctness of practice with the scientificity of theory, and always advance the great new project of Party building in the new era along the scientific guidance
Demonstrating systematicity in constructing a rigorous logical structure
A systematic theory has its own internally self-consistent logical structure and method, and constructs these contents through certain rational forms. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building is a systematic theoretical system with rigorous internal logic and a complete thinking framework, comprehensively and profoundly elucidating the highest principles, strategic guidelines, value pursuits, work layouts, and method paths of Party building in the new era, answering from an overall perspective the relationships between Party leadership and the Party's cause, Party leadershipand Party building, party governance and management and governing the country and managing state affairs (治国理政, zhi guo li zheng - "govern, country, manage, administration"), forming a complete systemand organic whole that is interlinked and internally coherent
Viewed from the overall perspective, the Fourteen Persistences (十四个坚持, shi si ge jian chi - "fourteen, classifier, persist") constitute the backbone or main framework of something (四梁八柱, si liang ba zhu - "four, beams, eight, pillars") of this important thought. Taking "upholding Party leadership is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics" and "upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee" as the foundation and soul, taking "upholding full and rigorous Party self-governance" as the strategic guideline and distinctive theme of Party building in the new era, taking "persisting in staying true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission in mind" (坚持不忘初心、牢记使命, jian chi bu wang chu xin, lao ji mi ying - "persist, not, forget, original, intention, firmly, remember, mission") as the purpose, stance, and value orientation, taking "upholding the guidance of Party political construction" (党的政治建设, dang de zheng zhi jian she - "party, possessive, political, construction") as the fundamental requirement of Party building in the new era, integrating all other constructions of the Party. The first four "Persistences" are the general treatise that holds up the banner, sets the direction, and commands the overall situation, centrally embodying the highest principles, strategic guidelines, and value pursuits of Party building; the middle nine"Persistences" are the sub-treatises, mainly elaborating the key tasks of using Party political construction to lead ideological construction, organizational construction, work-style construction, discipline construction, institutional construction, and the fight against corruption; the last "Persistences" are the strong guarantee, ensuring that all tasks of party governance and management are carried through to the end and implemented with tangible results
Viewed from the internal perspective, in addition to the "general-sub-general" structure, the various parts are also interconnected, forming secondary logical modules. For example, the first, second, and fourteenth "Persistences" echo each other from beginning to end, all being important guarantees for implementing the responsibility of party governance and management; the fifth and sixth"Persistences," namely political construction and ideological construction, are the leading and foundational parts in the layout of Party building; the seventh, tenth, and eleventh"Persistences" reflect the coordinated advancement of Party spirit, Party work-style, and Party discipline, and the relationship among the three is one of "grasping together" rather than "grasping in one handful"; the seventh, ninth, and twelfth"Persistences" construct a trinity or three-in-one structure (三位一体, san wei yi ti - "three, positions, one, body") work layout for resolving intra-Party contradictions and problems, in which tempering Party spirit is the fundamental measure, while building a high-quality cadre force and the fight against corruption are two key measures. The entire thought system understands the substance and achieves practical application, with substance and application interconnected; it has both a clear logical starting point and forms a complete logical loop; it both clarifies the task direction of "crossing the river" and points out the practical path of the "bridge or boat," fully embodying the holistic, synergistic, and scientific nature of the theory of Party building in the new era
To deeply study and comprehend Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, one must deeply understand and grasp the systematicity of its scientific connotation, especially the relationship between the "substance" and "application" of the Fourteen Persistences. One must not only grasp the logical framework from the overall perspective, but also precisely understand the internal connections and functional positioning among the parts. Only in this way can one carry out a plan with clarity and systematic approach (纲举目张, gang ju mu zhang - "net, lift, eye, stretch"), achieve coordination and linkage, truly run the practical requirements of this thought through the entire process of party governance and management, effectively enhance the overall effectiveness of Party building, and realize the simultaneous exertion and resonance of party governance and management and governing the country and managing state affairs
Demonstrating autonomy in putting forward original iconic concepts
The great social transformation of contemporary China is not a simple continuation of the master template of our country's history and culture, not a simple application of the template envisioned by Marxist classical writers, not a reprint of the socialist practice of other countries, and not a reprint of the modernization development of foreign countries. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building contains a series of innovative wisdom for party governance and management in the new era, being an autonomous theoretical system rich in original contributions and integrated innovative concepts, writing a new chapter in the Marxist Party-building doctrine, and holding important significance for constructing an autonomous knowledge system of Party building
From the perspective of original contributions, Xi Jinping's thought on Party building itself is an innovative, original concept, especially the "Fourteen Persistences," which are a concentrated summary of General Secretary Xi Jinping's new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies that are iconic and leading for Party building in the new era. For example, in Party leadership, it puts forward that "upholding Party leadership is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics"; the word "most" is an expression of the "highest level," indicating reaching a level and degree that surpasses and transcends similar categories; the "most essential feature" clarifies that Party leadership endows socialism with Chinese characteristics with its inherent defining quality, and only by upholding Party leadership can one command the overall situation of economic, political, cultural, social, ecological civilization construction, and the Party's own construction, enabling the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics to be fully brought into play. In value stance, it puts forward "stay true to the original aspiration and keep the mission in mind" (不忘初心、牢记使命, bu wang chu xin, lao ji mi ying - "not, forget, original, intention, firmly, remember, mission"), clarifying the fundamental question of "what the Communist Party of China is and what it wants to do," fundamentally answering the century-old question of the Communist Party of China "where it came from and where it is going," and so on. These original theoretical viewpoints have all added entirely new content to the Marxist Party-building doctrine
From the perspective of iconic concepts, Xi Jinping's thought on Party building achieves the culmination of innovative concepts in Party building. For example, it extensively uses iconic discourses and concepts such as "full and rigorous Party self-governance," "governing the Party by institutions and by rules," "Party political construction," "the Party's self-reform," "the great new project of Party building in the new era," and so on. Among them, "full and rigorous Party self-governance" reshapes the discourse paradigm of party governance and management with the iconic expression of "full" and"rigorous," running the requirement of "strict" through all processes and all aspects of the Party's various constructions. "Governing the Party by institutions and by rules" opens up the institutionalized discourse path of Party building with the core concepts of "institutions" and"by rules." "Upholding the guidance of Party political construction" places "Party political construction" in the foremost position, establishing the discourse framework of the layout of Party building with the functional positioning of "guidance," constructing a distinct autonomous knowledge system that differs from Western party-building theories
To deeply study and comprehend Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, one must deeply comprehend its guiding position in constructing China's autonomous knowledge system of the history and building of the Communist Party of China, deeply grasp, in reading the original works, studying the original texts, and comprehending the principles, its iconic concepts, original ideological viewpoints, and principled theoretical achievements carried by theoretical breakthroughs and practical innovations, accurately grasp the core essence and rich connotation of each concept, thereby deepening the theoretical elucidation of "why the Communist Party of China can," and unswervingly walk the path of building a party theory with Chinese characteristics
Demonstrating openness in maintaining enduring theoretical vitality
All great theories are nurtured in great practice and continuously enriched and perfected in great practice. The openness theoretical character inherent in Marxism determines that Xi Jinping's thought on Party building will inevitably enrich and develop its own system in responding to the questions of the era, demonstrating powerful theoretical vitality
From the perspective of the architecture of the Party's innovative theories, Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, together with Xi Jinping's economic thought, Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, Xi Jinping's cultural thought, Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, Xi Jinping's thought on strengthening the military, Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought, and the holistic approach to national security, has jointly promoted the enrichment and improvement of the scientific theoretical system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and will continue to develop with the development of the Party's overall innovative theoretical system. At the same time, the important thoughts and important discourses in related fields that are being enriched and developed all take the strong leadership of the Party as the fundamental premise, all must answer the question of how to strengthen the Party's comprehensive leadership over all fields, and Xi Jinping's thought on Party building is precisely the theoretical support that ensures they can be realized; this theory will also continue to deepen with the continuous enrichment of these theoretical achievements
From the perspective of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building itself, this thought itself is an open theoretical system that connects history, reality, and the future. Comrade Xi Jinping, during his work in local positions, conducted profound thinking and pioneering exploration in all fields of Party building. These thoughts and explorations have a clear and profound internal connection with Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, constituting its important theoretical and practical foundation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee has clearly put forward the general requirements for Party building in the new era; in June 2023, the National Conference on Organizational Work summarized General Secretary Xi Jinping's important thought on Party building as the "Thirteen Persistences"; in June 2026, the National Forum on Party Building Work summarized and distilled the scientific connotation of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building into the "Fourteen Persistences." From its developmental thread, it can be seen that this thought has always been continuously deepened and expanded along with the great practice of Party building in the new era, has always drawn on the experience of political party building around the world with an open and inclusive attitude, conducted new theoretical creations, has always stood at the forefront of the times responding to new problems and new challenges faced by Party building, continuously providing ideological guidance for the great practice of Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化, zhong guo shi xiandai hua - "China, style, modernization"). It is precisely this open character of advancing with the times that enables Xi Jinping's thought on Party building to maintain fresh theoretical vitality and leading power at all times, and will continuously lead Party building to open up new practices and achieve new development
To deeply study and comprehend Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, one must deeply grasp the era logic and practical requirements contained in its openness trait, deeply understand its special important position of both running through other ideological systems and leading the entire Party's innovative theoretical system, uphold fundamental principles and innovate in adhering to the Marxist principles of Party building, expand theoretical boundaries in solving practical problems, distill understanding of laws in summarizing fresh experience, continuously promote new breakthroughs in Party-building theory in responding to the questions of the times and the needs of practice, ensure that the Party always remains a strong leading core and walks at the forefront of the times
[The author is Deputy Director of the Fujian Provincial Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and Deputy President (Vice President) in charge of daily work of the Party School (School of Administration) of the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China]
Return to Top(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 29) The Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) held its opening ceremony for the 2026 autumn semester on August 29. Cai Qi, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and president (dean) of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance), attended the ceremony and delivered a speech. He emphasized that it is necessary to comprehensively and systematically study Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply study Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, more deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the "two establishments" (两个确立, liang ge queli - "the two establishments"), resolutely achieve the "two upholds" (两个维护, liang ge wei hu - "the two upholds"), consolidate the theoretical foundation, strengthen Party spirit cultivation, enhance the ability to perform duties, and strive to become high-caliber cadres capable of shouldering the heavy responsibility of national rejuvenation. Cai Qi pointed out that studying, implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building is an important political task for the entire Party in the current and future period. Party School students should study the original texts in full, grasp the fundamentals in study, link theory with practice in study, and keep following up in continuous study, deeply study and comprehend the historical logic, theoretical logic, and practical logic of the formation and development of this thought, deeply understand and grasp its major significance, essential essence, and practical requirements, so as to understand both the facts and the underlying reasons (知其然又知其所以然, zhi qi ran you zhi qi suo yi suo ran - "know its appearance, also know its reason"). It is necessary to consciously reflect the results of study in practical actions of fulfilling the responsibility of governing the Party and running the Party, implement the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments on the campaign to enforce strict governance over the Party (全面从严治党, quan mian cong yan zhi dang - "comprehensively strict party governance") with higher standards and more concrete measures. It is necessary to take the lead in being loyal, clean, and responsible, use the Party Constitution, Party rules, and Party discipline as the yardstick to establish oneself and conduct oneself, be diligent, pragmatic, and energetic in work. It is necessary to establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, truly achieve making political achievements for the people and making political achievements through practical work.
Cai Qi pointed out that it is necessary to correctly understand and grasp the current situation and tasks, consciously unify thoughts and actions to the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments, consciously stand at the overall situation height to think about problems and handle affairs. Modernization on the path of Chinese socialism (中国式现代化, zhong guo shi xiandai hua - "Chinese-style modernization") is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China. It is necessary to strengthen the four confidences (四个自信, si ge zi xin - "the four confidences") — confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture. Correctly view the opportunities and challenges brought by the accelerated evolution of the once-in-a-century transformation, enhance the ability to accurately identify changes, scientifically respond to changes, and proactively seek changes, concentrate on handling our own affairs well. Correctly view the current economic situation, strengthen confidence, stabilize expectations, coordinate development and security, achieve a good start for the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. It is necessary to improve political capability, establish strategic thinking, enhance overall situation awareness, act in accordance with the times (因时而动, yin shi er dong - "according to the times, move"), act in accordance with the prevailing trend (顺势而为, shun shi er wei - "follow the trend, act"), make scientific decisions, perform duties correctly, and promote high-quality economic and social development with solid and forceful measures
Cai Qi emphasized that it is necessary to conscientiously understand and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of important instructions and requirements regarding Party School students' studies and Party School work, complete study tasks with high quality. When leading cadres come to the Party School, their primary identity is that of students. They should calm their minds, focus without distraction, concentrate on studying well the Party's innovative theories, deeply comprehend the Marxist standpoints, viewpoints, and methods running through them, grasp the requirements of Party spirit from them, draw nourishment for Party spirit from them, and run Party spirit cultivation through the entire process of study. The Party School should carefully organize teaching, strictly manage students, and create good conditions for students to study with peace of mind
Shi Taifeng attended the opening ceremony. Students of the China Pudong, Jinggangshan, and Yan'an Executive Leadership Academies simultaneously participated in the opening ceremony via video conference system.
Return to TopI. Overall Approach
Adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想, xi jin ping xin shi dai zhong guo te se she hui zhu yi si xiang - "Xi Jinping new era China characteristic socialism thought") as the guide, thoroughly study and implement the guiding principles of the Party's 20th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, deeply study and understand Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building and the guiding principles of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech at the meeting celebrating the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, deeply study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on the work of Party schools, study and implement the guiding principles of the National Conference of Presidents (Deans) of Party Schools (Academies of Governance), adhere to taking the study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the central content and primary task of teaching, solidly carry out basic training, consolidate the disciplinary foundation, implement teaching mechanisms, while meticulously organizing teaching, further intensify efforts in disciplinary development and the building of a high-level teaching faculty, and comprehensively raise the political level, policy level, academic level, and professional level of teaching in the main training programs.
II. Program Setup
(Detailed program setup omitted.)
III. Deeply Study and Understand Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building, and Solidly Promote Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building Entering Textbooks, Entering Classrooms, and Entering Minds
(1) Make every effort to grasp the education and training of Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building, clearly designate special courses on Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building as required courses, regular courses, and key courses of basic training at Party schools (Academies of Governance) at all levels, incorporate them into the teaching plans of the various main training programs and branch school programs of the school (academy), and incorporate them into the basic curricula of local Party schools (Academies of Governance).
(2) Through classroom lectures, group discussions, branch exchanges, and other multiple methods, promote trainees to study volume by volume and carefully read Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building, Volumes I and II, guide trainees to adhere to reading the original works, studying the original texts, and comprehending the underlying principles, adhere to combining learning with application, and applying what has been learned to practice (学以致用, xue yi zhi yong - "learn, use to achieve"), and effectively transform the results of learning into firm conviction, strong Party spirit, mission responsibility, and core competence for advancing the cause of the Party and the state.
(3) Promptly add the special topic of "Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building" in the Curriculum System and Teaching Outline for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (for Use in Education and Training of Party Members and Cadres). Initiate the compilation work of special textbooks on Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building, and deepen the systematic, theoretical research and interpretation of this thought.
IV. Optimize Teaching Design, and Enrich the Curriculum System
(1) Closely follow the latest achievements in the Party's theoretical innovation and the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, dynamically improve the curriculum system and special topic design of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Further enrich the teaching content of the theoretical lecture unit on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, further optimize the course design of the practical interpretation unit on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and further dig deep into the "rich mine" of cases on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Fully incorporate case courses such as "The Power of Culture — The Tracing and Practice of Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture in Zhejiang" and "Successful Practice of Developing County Economies in Light of Local Conditions — Learning from the 'Yiwu Development Experience'" into the teaching of main training programs, and promptly promote newly developed case courses such as "Coordinating Development and Security — Xi Jinping's Innovative Practice in Planning the Construction of a Safe Zhejiang During His Work in Zhejiang" into the classrooms of main training programs. Continue to encourage relevant teaching and research departments (academies) to continuously develop case courses on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and guide existing case courses to benchmark against the latest guiding principles of the Party Central Committee and continuously iterate and deepen them.
(2) Increase efforts in updating lecture topics, and improve the curriculum system for Party spirit education. Consolidate and elevate the quality and effectiveness of learning, education, and the establishment and practice of a correct view of political achievements, and continue to offer the special course "Important Expositions of General Secretary Xi Jinping on Establishing and Practicing a Correct View of Political Achievements" in various main training programs. Benchmarking against the scientific system of Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building, entrust and support relevant teaching and research departments (academies) to develop and reserve a batch of new courses for Party spirit education, including "The Outstanding Qualities of the Communist Party of China", "Adhering to Forging Strong Party Spirit", and "Strengthening the Construction of a Clean Culture in the New Era". Add special courses such as "Official Virtue in Ancient China" among the school-wide (academy-wide) selected lectures. Optimize the design of Party spirit education (experiential teaching) plans, and effectively promote Party spirit education to touch the soul and be deeply engraved in the heart.
(3) Closely focus on the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period and the national major strategic needs, dynamically adjust and optimize the content arrangement of the "Situation and Tasks" reports, enrich the teaching methods of courses on improving performance capacity, focus efforts on improving the teaching quality of case-based courses, strengthen the adaptability of simulation-based teaching themes to the training programs and trainees. Adjust and optimize the relevant content of the "Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture" distinguished expert lectures and the "Frontiers of Science and Technology" academician lectures according to teaching effectiveness, and add thematic courses on traditional Chinese medicine culture, artificial intelligence, future industries, and other topics. Enrich the content of film appreciation courses, using "light-and-shadow textbooks" to highlight the vitality, appeal, and感染力 of mainstream values and mainstream culture.
V. Deepen Collective Lesson Preparation, and Strengthen the Role of Teaching Supervision
(1) Promote refined collective lesson preparation, and elevate the political stance, academic stance, and quality stance of classroom lectures. Continue to advance collective lesson preparation for special courses on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era at the school (academy) level, strengthen political guidance, grasp the correct political direction, strengthen the basic skills of the broad body of lecturers in explaining the Party's theoretical innovations fully, accurately, deeply, and thoroughly from multiple dimensions such as political stance, problem orientation, theoretical contribution, practical value, and world significance. Continue to压实 the responsibility of collective lesson preparation of the leadership teams of teaching and research departments (academies), continue to adhere to the Academic Affairs Department taking the lead in carrying out "one-on-one" lesson preparation around specific teaching topics, effectively improve the pertinence and effectiveness of lesson preparation, and focus efforts on cultivating outstanding backbone teachers capable of teaching "major courses".
(2) Strengthen the role of teaching supervision and evaluation. Optimize the procedures of teaching supervision and course evaluation, more effectively bring into play the foundational role of teaching supervision and evaluation in classroom access, new course development, faculty echelon building, and other aspects. Solidly carry out the front-end links of teaching supervision, effectively bring into play the gatekeeping role of teaching and research departments (academies) in the process of full-course trial lectures and collective review. Continue to build a strong team of teaching supervision experts, do well in the work of expert contract renewal and additional hiring, and continuously enhance the professionalism and authority of teaching supervision and evaluation.
VI. Advance Discipline Development, and Strengthen Teaching Management
(1) Grasp well the implementation of the Discipline Development Plan of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) for the "15th Five-Year Plan" Period (2026–2030), adhere to taking teaching as the center, scientific research as the foundation, and the building of a high-quality talent team as the key, to promote the high-quality development of the school's (academy's) discipline development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.
(2) Incorporate the study of the newly revised Provisions on the Management of Trainees of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) into entrance education, promote trainees to strictly abide by school rules and discipline, further strengthen theoretical study and Party spirit tempering, guide trainees to enhance the consciousness and initiative of arming their minds with the Party's theoretical innovations and uniting hearts and forging souls (凝心铸魂, ning xin zhu hun - "congeal heart, cast soul"); promote trainees to consciously take Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building as the guide and adhere to forging strong Party spirit.
(3) Deepen discussion and exchange. Fully utilize the "two brings" problems of trainees, enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of classroom lectures, group discussions, and two-way exchanges. Support trainee departments in actively carrying out high-quality discussion and exchange activities across branches and across training programs, strengthen exchanges on completing major tasks, handling complex contradictions, preventing and defusing risks, and other aspects. Promote teaching and research departments (academies), teaching groups, and the broad body of teachers to actively participate in the above activities, further deepening growth through mutual teaching and learning (教学相长, jiao xue xiang zhang - "teach, learn, mutually grow") and mutual learning among learners.
(4) Promote the transformation of learning outcomes. Guide trainees to give full play to their advantages, focus on conducting countermeasure research on new problems encountered in practice, deep-seated problems existing in reform, development, and stability, problems of urgent concern to the people, major problems in international changes, prominent problems faced by Party building, and other aspects, produce high-quality research outcomes, and actively offer counsel for the Party.
(5) Strengthen the application of evaluation results. Optimize and adjust the course teachers whose teaching evaluation class deviation value is lower than -0.2 in the main training programs; for courses ranked in the bottom 5 in teaching evaluation of relevant main training programs, continue to promptly feed back the opinions and suggestions put forward by trainees to the relevant teaching and research departments (academies) and the teachers themselves; for courses with teaching evaluations of "unsatisfactory and unserious teaching", further strengthen classified guidance, effectively help teachers improve the political stance, policy stance, quality stance, and rigor stance of their teaching.
(6) Continue to organize teachers of main training programs and young and middle-aged teachers to go to Fujian, Zhejiang, and Shanghai to carry out teaching training of tracing the footprints and tracing the origins; around improving the teaching quality of training classes for ethnic cadre training programs and teacher training programs of Party schools (Academies of Governance) in ethnic regions, continue to organize teachers to go to ethnic regions to carry out special teaching research.
VII. Strengthen Textbook Development, and Improve the Quality of Lecture Notes
(1) Revise the Curriculum System and Teaching Outline for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (for Use in Education and Training of Party Members and Cadres), revise and publish the Curriculum System and Teaching Outline for Party Spirit Education of the Communist Party of China andthe Curriculum System and Teaching Outline for the History of the Communist Party of China, and complete the compilation work of the Curriculum System and Teaching Outline for Improving Performance Capacity.
(2) Continue to advance the revision, improvement, and publication work of the series of textbooks "Research on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era" andthe textbook "Selected Cases on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era".
(3) Strengthen the standardized management of lecture notes, strictly guard the political pass, content pass, and procedural pass, continuously improve the quality of lecture note writing.
VIII. Strengthen Professional Guidance for Local Party Schools (Academies of Governance) and Branch Schools
(1) Strengthen professional guidance for local Party schools (Academies of Governance). Continue to run well the "Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era" teacher training classes, "Party Spirit Education" teacher training classes,"Improving Performance Capacity" teacher training classes, sub-discipline teacher training classes, and teacher training classes for Party schools (Academies of Governance) in ethnic regions within the national Party school (Academies of Governance) system. Do well in the work of selecting and dispatching teachers to teach and guide collective lesson preparation for Party schools (Academies of Governance) in ethnic regions.
(2) Promptly release the basic curriculum setup plan for the main training programs of local Party schools (Academies of Governance) for the 2026 autumn semester, dynamically update the video resources of relevant basic courses on the "Online Party School" platform.
(3) Optimize the teaching plans of branch schools, and allocate strong teaching faculty. Revise and issue the Provisions on the Work of Branch Schools of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance).
Return to Top本报讯
In order to deeply study and implement the important speech delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the conference celebrating the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, and to deeply research, publicize, and carry forward the fine qualities of the Communist Party of China, on the morning of August 29, the Sixth High-End Forum on the History of the Communist Party of China, hosted by the Department of Teaching and Research on the History of the Communist Party of China of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance), was held in Beijing. The theme of this forum was "The Fine Qualities of the Communist Party of China — Studying and Implementing the Important Speech Delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the Conference Celebrating the 105th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China." Li Wentang, Vice President (Vice Dean) of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance), attended the forum and delivered a speech. Experts, scholars, teachers, and student representatives from the Central Institute of Party History and Literature, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Peking University, Renmin University of China, Beijing Normal University, and other units attended the forum.
In his speech, Li Wentang pointed out that General Secretary Xi Jinping's incisive summary and profound revelation of the fine qualities of the Communist Party of China have posed new topics, opened new horizons, and provided new momentum for us to deepen research on the history and construction of the Communist Party of China. He pointed out that we must adhere to integrating Marxism with China's reality and its fine traditional culture (两个结合, liang ge jie he - "two combinations") to deeply understand the Party's fine qualities, placing them within the process of the Sinicization of Marxism for understanding; we must employ historical methods to vividly interpret the Party's fine qualities, placing them within the historical process of the great practice of revolution, construction, and reform and opening up for interpretation; we must open a comparative perspective to clearly present the fine qualities of the Communist Party of China, conducting comparative political research through comparison with various political forces in modern China and by surveying the global spectrum of political parties, so as to explain clearly why it is "incomparable."
During the forum's report session, Wang Junwei, Researcher and Director of the Academic and Editorial Review Committee of the Central Institute of Party History and Literature, proposed that on the basis of fully collecting persuasive historical materials, and grounded in problem consciousness and comparative consciousness, we should grasp the key points of the Party's fine qualities, integrate them with the reality of Party building in the new era, and, with a rigorous research style, continuously deepen research on the fine qualities of the Communist Party of China. Song Yuehong, Researcher at the Institute of Contemporary China Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, held that the Party has made comprehensive efforts across multiple dimensions, including being prepared for danger in times of peace (居安思危, ju an si wei - "live in peace, think of danger"), forging the soul through ideology, discipline and institutions, and supervision of power, has focused on strengthening itself, has always been full of vigor and vitality, and has successfully embarked on a path of anti-corruption with Chinese characteristics that tackles both symptoms and underlying causes (标本兼治, biao ben jian zhi - "treat both symptoms and root causes"). Song Xueqin, Professor at the School of CPC History and Party Building of Renmin University of China, stated that the Party's six major fine qualities possess both historical penetrating power and era-leading power, and that the qualities form three pairs of organically unified logical closed loops, which are the core theoretical code for deciphering why the century-old major party is in the prime of one's life or vigor (风华正茂, feng hua zheng mao - "flourishing elegance, youthful vigor") and leads national rejuvenation. Lin Xuwu, Professor at the School of Marxism of Peking University, discussed that the Party's fine qualities are inherited in one continuous line from the Great Spirit of Party Building (伟大建党精神, dai jia jian dang jing shen - "great spirit of party building"), and are an upholding integrity and pursuing innovation (守正创新, shou zheng chuang xin - "uphold correctness, innovate") of the Great Spirit of Party Building; the two run through history, reality, and the future, jointly constituting the distinctive hallmark that distinguishes the Communist Party of China from other political parties. Sun Huixiu, Professor at the School of History of Beijing Normal University, by combing through the course of organizational Party building in the early period of the Party's founding, analyzed the Party's realization of the transformation from building the Party through the workers' movement to building the Party organizationally, as well as its influence and significance. Qi Xiaolin, Professor at the Department of Teaching and Research on the History of the Communist Party of China of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance), held that Party history research must apply historical materialism to restore the complex practical process by which the Party studied and judged social contradictions and grasped the general trend of the times.
In the discussion session, participating teachers and graduate students, focusing on topics such as the comparison of organizational forms of political parties, the Party's absorption and reference of external theories, and the identification and application of Party history historical materials, consulted with experts and scholars and engaged in dialogue and exchange. The participating scholars unanimously agreed that General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the conference celebrating the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China is an important programmatic document shining with the truth of Marxism; General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition that the Communist Party of China possesses fine qualities incomparable to other political parties and political forces is an important original conclusion that must be deeply studied from theoretical, historical, and comparative perspectives. On the new journey of the new era, we must take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想, xi jin ping xin shi dai zhong guo te se she hui zhu yi si xiang - "Xi Jinping new era Chinese characteristics socialism thought") as our guide, deeply study and implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, combine it with new realities, continuously carry forward and develop the Party's fine qualities, ensure that the Party never changes its nature, never changes its color, and never changes its flavor, and always possesses strong creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness.
(Wang Chen)
Return to TopNews Brief
Recently, the Party School of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee (Guangdong Institute of Administration) held a meeting of the School (Institute) Committee (enlarged), specially conveying and studying the spirit of the National Conference of Presidents (Deans) of Party Schools ((Institutes of Administration), and studying opinions on implementation. The meeting was presided over by Executive Vice President (Vice Dean) Zhang Yuanxing.
The meeting pointed out that, at an important moment when the Party school system nationwide is continuously deepening the study and implementation of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, holding the National Conference of Presidents (Deans) of Party Schools((Institutes of Administration) is at the opportune moment (正当其时, zheng dang qi shi - "just at the right time") and of great significance. Comrade Cai Qi, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, President (Dean) of the Central Party School (National Institute of Administration), delivered a speech at the conference, comprehensively summarizing the important achievements made in Party school work since the 18th National Congress of the Party, systematically elaborating Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, making key deployments for the work of "cultivating talents for the Party and offering counsel for the Party," and clarifying the practical path for doing Party school work well at present and in the period ahead.
The meeting emphasized that the whole school (institute) should raise its political stance, combine the study and implementation of the spirit of the National Conference of Presidents (Deans) of Party Schools((Institutes of Administration) with the implementation of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee's "1310" specific deployment, combine it with the goal and task of striving to build a national first-class Party school, and continuously promote the study, implementation, and application of the spirit to go deeper and more practical. First, it is necessary to do a good job in conveying and studying the spirit of the conference. Fully implement the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments regarding Party school work, actively prepare to hold a provincial conference on Party school (Institute of Administration) work, and promote Party schools((Institutes of Administration) at all levels across the province to quickly set off a wave of study, implementation, and application. Second, it is necessary to solidly grasp the study and implementation of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building. Take Xi Jinping's thought on Party building as a key course in Party school education, training, and cultivation, create fine courses, fine textbooks, fine cases, and fine routes, help students temper strong Party spirit and forge excellent work styles through learning, thinking, practicing, and comprehending. Deepen the systematic, scholarly research and interpretation of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, deeply study the underlying logic by which our Party has formed the excellent trait of the "six requirements for maintaining party nature" (六个始终, liu ge shi zhong - "six always"), organize teachers to accept interviews with mainstream media and publish a series of theoretical articles, boost the formation of a strong learning atmosphere across the province. Third, it is necessary to meticulously carry out high-quality work in cultivating talents and offering counsel. Improve and perfect the basic training mechanism, fully leverage the role of the teaching innovation working group, deepen the reform and innovation of the mid-career training class of the Provincial Party School, focus on Party theoretical education, Party spirit education, and performance capability training, improve the quality and effectiveness of cadre education and training. Strengthen organized scientific research, build strong cross-disciplinary academic platforms such as the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Research Institute, build well the "Key Laboratory of Big Data on Guangdong Practice of Chinese-Style Modernization," and launch more weighty decision-making and consultation achievements. Fourth, it is necessary to firmly grasp strict governance of the school and establishment of the school by quality. Highlight the two main bodies of teachers and students, and the two links of teaching and learning, forge excellent work styles with iron discipline and iron rules. Deeply implement the innovative talent support plan, improve the full-chain, ladder-type talent cultivation system covering the old, middle-aged, and young. Strengthen professional guidance for municipal and county Party schools, promote the construction of county-level Party schools in light of local conditions, organize and promote teachers of the Provincial Party School, especially mid-career and young teachers, to go to county-level Party schools with weak foundations and insufficient teaching staff for teaching support and assistance, boost the overall improvement of the school-running level of Party schools across the province.
Return to Top(News from this newspaper)
Recently, the CPC Heilongjiang Provincial Committee Party School (Administrative Institute) held a School (Institute) Committee meeting to specifically convey and study the spirit of the National Party School (Administrative Institute) Presidents (Deans) Conference and to research opinions on implementation and enforcement. Executive Vice President (Vice Dean) Zhou Yingdong presided over the meeting.
The meeting pointed out that the National Party School (Administrative Institute) Presidents (Deans) Conference was an important meeting held at a time when the entire Party is deeply studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building (习近平党建思想, xi jin ping dang jian si xiang - "Xi Jinping, party building, thought") and the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's "July 1" important speech. The speech by Cai Qi, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and President (Dean) of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance), systematically elaborated on the regularized understanding of doing well in the work of party schools in the new era; it made comprehensive deployments for key tasks such as closely adhering to cultivating talent for the Party and providing advice for the Party to improve teaching and scientific research levels, highlighting the grasp of the Party's innovative theory education, Party spirit education, and duty-performance capability training, and deepening theoretical research and decision-making consultation, thereby clarifying the practical paths for doing well in the work of party schools during the current period and a future period.
The meeting emphasized that the entire school (institute) must deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building and General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on party school work, deeply study and comprehend the spirit of the National Party School (Administrative Institute) Presidents (Deans) Conference, always adhere to the principle that party schools must be party-run (党校姓党, dang xiao xing dang - "party school, surname, party"), remain true to the original aspiration of party schools, comprehensively improve levels of teaching, scientific research, policy consultation, and management, and continuously promote the high-quality development of the cause of the Party School (Administrative Institute).
The meeting emphasized that the grasp of the Party's innovative theory education must be highlighted, continuously optimizing the curriculum system for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想, xi jin ping xin shi dai zhong guo te se she hui zhu yi si xiang - "Xi Jinping, new era, China, unique, socialism, thought"), and striving to create more high-quality courses. The grasp of Party spirit education must be highlighted, strengthening political training, and carrying out Party spirit education that enters the brain, enters the heart, and enters the soul. The grasp of duty-performance capability training must be highlighted, carrying out general education training and capability training that matches job responsibilities, and continuously enhancing the targetedness and effectiveness of cadre training. Theoretical research and publicity interpretation must be strengthened, organizing teaching and research personnel to deepen the systematic and theoretical research and interpretation of the system of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially strengthening the research and interpretation of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building. The school must closely adhere to major realistic issues of Heilongjiang's revitalization, use organized scientific research as a handle, and improve the targetedness and achievement transformation rate of decision-making consultation.
The meeting required that the school must adhere to strict school governance, strict teaching governance, and strict academic governance, effectively implementing the requirements of strict school governance into every process and aspect of the school (institute) work, strictly implementing the spirit of the Eight-point Decision on improving Party conduct (中央八项规定, zhong yang ba xiang gui ding - "central, eight, items, regulations") and its implementation rules, strictly implementing the responsibility system for ideological work, strictly managing faculty, staff, and trainees, grasping education on Party rules and discipline and warning education, strengthening the enforcement and supervision of school rules and discipline, and continuously cultivating a good school atmosphere, teaching atmosphere, and study atmosphere.
(Long Wen)
Return to TopNews Bulletin
On the afternoon of August 26, the Party School of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee (School of Administration) held a summary meeting on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements through study and education, conveying and studying General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on consolidating and expanding the achievements of the study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, implementing the spirit of the meetings of the Central Party Building Work Leading Group and the Provincial Party Committee Party Building Work Leading Group, summarizing the achievements of the study and education, and researching and deploying the work of consolidating and expanding the study and education. All faculty and staff attended the meeting.
The meeting pointed out that since the launch of the study and education, the school (academy) has, by acting as an example for those below (以上率下, yi shang lü xia - "above, lead, below"), deepened study, conducted comprehensive examination and in-depth analysis, dealt with matters with real courage and toughness (动真碰硬, dong zhen peng ying - "move truth, hit hard") in rectification and remediation, established rules and regulations (建章立制, jian zhang li zhi - "build chapter, establish system") to maintain something consistently over the long term (抓常抓长, zhua chang zhua chang - "grasp frequent, grasp long"), and carried out open-door education to gather wisdom and cohesion, successfully completing all tasks of the study and education and achieving tangible results. All Party members and cadres underwent ideological tempering, Party spirit training, and political exercise, their spirit of undertaking work and entrepreneurship was further boosted, their ability to serve the overall situation was further improved, effectively promoting the construction of a province-wide integrated major Party school, and high-quality development took solid steps.
The meeting emphasized that it is necessary to regularly carry out education on the view of political achievements, deeply study and keenly comprehend General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, implement the requirements that the Party school uphold Party spirit, establish quality, and govern strictly, and ensure that the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments are implemented. It is necessary to carry out education and training for key positions, newly promoted cadres, and young cadres in a classified and tiered manner, make good use of the weapons of criticism and self-criticism, positive and negative typical cases, so that establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements and strengthening Party spirit complement each other and enhance each other's excellence (相得益彰, xiang de yi zhang - "mutually, benefit, manifest"). It is necessary to continue to grasp rectification and remediation, solidly carry out work such as the "look back" on the study and education, for problems that have been closed out, do a good job of consolidating and improving, preventing relapse and rebound; for problems not yet closed out and requiring continuous rectification, persist in tackling a problem without letting go (扭住不放, niu zhu bu fang - "twist hold, not release") and grasp them to the end, ensuring that rectification tasks are completed on time and with quality. It is necessary to continue to promote integration and convergence, combine the study and education with rectification of feedback from inspections, implementation of the spirit of the National Conference of Party School (School of Administration) Presidents (Deans),, the requirements on Party school work from the Standing Committee meeting of the Provincial Party Committee, promotion of the construction of a province-wide integrated major Party school, and the development plan for the "15th Five-Year Plan" Party School (School of Administration) of Hunan, coordinate the "immediate rectification" and "long-term establishment", improve and perfect the institutional system, establish a employment orientation that values solid work and real achievements, and strive to create achievements that can withstand the test of practice, the people, and history.
Return to TopThis newspaper reports: On August 29, the academic exchange conference on promoting comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China and safeguarding long-term stability and peace of the border areas during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period was held at the Party School (Administrative College) of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Committee of the Communist Party of China. This academic exchange conference was jointly hosted by the Party schools of the "three provinces and one region" — Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang — and was undertaken by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Border Area Governance Research Center. The conference thoroughly studied and implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China and his important speech spirit at the 18th collective study session of the 20th Central Political Bureau, focusing on major theoretical and practical issues concerning the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China and border area governance during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, conducting exchanges and discussions.
That morning, five experts and scholars from Renmin University of China, the Party schools of the "three provinces and one region," and the Inner Mongolia Border Area Governance Research Center respectively delivered keynote reports and thematic speeches on "Theoretical and Practical Issues in the Comprehensive Revitalization of Northeast China," "The Strategic Connotation, Requirements, and Value of the Important Mission of the 'Five Major Security Priorities,'" "Promoting High-Quality Economic Development in the Eastern Region of Inner Mongolia to Achieve New Breakthroughs," "Resolutely Shouldering Jilin's Important Mission in Safeguarding the Nation's 'Five Major Security Priorities,'" "Heilongjiang Practice in Deeply Implementing the 'Initiative to Develop Border Areas and Enrich Residents,'" and "Advancing the Modernization of Border Area Governance with a Systemic Thinking or Holistic Approach." In the afternoon, more than 80 paper-authors attending the conference from the Party schools of the "three provinces and one region," some universities within the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and member units of the Inner Mongolia Border Area Governance Research Center conducted group discussions, sharing research findings and consolidating ideological consensus.
This academic exchange conference was another successful practice of deepening scientific research cooperation among the Party schools of the "three provinces and one region." All participants agreed that carrying out scientific research cooperation among the Party schools of the "three provinces and one region" is both a practical necessity and, more importantly, a political requirement, hoping to continuously expand cooperation fields, enrich cooperation connotations, improve cooperation mechanisms, jointly write the "great article" of "offering counsel to the Party," and contribute strength to striving to write a new chapter in the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China.
Return to TopNews Bulletin
In order to thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses on Party school work, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee's "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of County-Level Party Schools (Administrative Schools)," and the spirit of the National Conference of Presidents (Deans) of Party Schools (Administrative Schools), Gansu Provincial Party Committee Party School (Administrative School) recently selected 12 teachers and dispatched them separately to 8 county-level Party schools, including Honggu District Party Committee Party School (Administrative School) in Lanzhou City, Yumen Municipal Party Committee Party School (Administrative School) in Jiuquan City, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County Party Committee Party School (Administrative School) in Wuwei City, and 4 provincial-level cadre colleges within the province,to carry out resident assistance work, using concrete measures to help county-level Party schools to address weaknesses or shortcomings (补短板, bu duan ban - "supplement short, board") and strengthen their foundations.
Since the "Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of County-Level Party Schools (Administrative Schools)" was printed and distributed, the school (academy) has, in light of the actual work situation of Party schools (administrative schools) across the province, studied and formulated measures for implementation. In order to effectively solve the short board of insufficient teacher supply in county-level Party schools, it has formulated as supporting measures the "Implementation Plan for the 'Double Hundred' Action to Empower and Strengthen Foundations" andthe "Work Rules for '1+1+N' Teaching and Research Departments' Paired Assistance to County-Level Party Schools (Administrative Schools)," through annually organizing 100 young backbone teachers from county-level Party schools to visit and study at provincial-and municipal-level Party schools for improvement, and selecting 100 backbone teachers from provincial-and municipal-level Party schools to go to county-level Party schools to assist, guide,and mentor, coordinating the allocation of high-quality teacher resources across Party schools (administrative schools) in the whole province, intensifying assistance to county-level Party school teachers, comprehensively improving the quality and effectiveness of county-level Party schools in nurturing talent and offering counsel. At the same time, fully leveraging the main role of the school's (academy's) teaching and research departments in assistance work, focusing on the industrial advantages and development characteristics of each city (prefecture) in the province, arranging teaching and research departments in relevant professional fields to carry out "one-to-one" paired assistance with city (prefecture) Party schools (administrative schools), providing comprehensive guidance to all county-level Party schools within their jurisdiction, building a cross-regional, cross-departmental, cross-disciplinary collaborative co-construction mechanism with teaching and research departments as the main body, city (prefecture) Party schools (administrative schools) as the hub, and county-level Party schools as the target, forming a "1+1+N" assistance system. Carrying out this resident assistance work is precisely the first batch of pilot projects for implementing the two institutional mechanisms, marking the comprehensive launch of the assistance work.
The Party Committee (Administrative Committee) of Gansu Provincial Party Committee Party School (Administrative School) has always firmly established a systems concept, adhered to "one chessboard" overall planning, "one network" collaboration, and "integrated" development, paid attention to strengthening the coordination and dispatch of school-running resources, fully leveraged the comparative advantages of strong regional schools, continuously intensified precise guidance to weak Party schools, and strived to promote the formation of a collaborative work pattern featuring shared resources, joint talent cultivation, joint discipline construction, joint development planning, and jointly improved capabilities. From June to July this year, the school (academy) established 7 research groups, respectively led by members of the school's (academy's) Party Committee (Administrative Committee), in 14 batches, over more than 40 days, completed full-coverage on-site research of all 86 county-level Party schools in the province, through on-site inspections, document reviews,andsymposium exchanges, conducted a comprehensive and detailed research and assessment of each county-level Party school's school-running and governance situation, and formed preliminary classification opinions based on software and hardware school-running conditions, laying a solid foundation for promoting classified construction according to local conditions (因地制宜, yin di zhi yi - "according to, ground, suit, appropriate") and through a "one school, one policy" approach. By earnestly listening to the opinions, suggestions,and development demands of each county-level Party school, the school (academy) transferred from its inventory assets 396 computersand 1,650 sets of desks and chairs to support 26 county-level Party schools in places such as Baiyin, Tianshui, Gannan,and Linxia, promptly solving the problem of insufficient hardware; organized teachers from provincial-, municipal-(prefecture-, and county-level Party schools to carry out "jointly preparing one lesson" around "studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building (习近平党建思想, xi jin ping dang jian si xiang - "Xi Jinping, party, building, thought")", standardizing the study and interpretation of this important thought; promptly put 11 high-quality theoretical courses from the school (academy) online onto the network platform, providing demonstration teaching for county-level Party school teachers; formulated and improved concrete measures for two-way exchange of teachers, pragmatically improving the comprehensive quality of county-level Party school teachers.
In the next step, the school (academy) will continue to educate and guide teachers engaged in resident assistance to firmly uphold the correct political direction, build a solid line of defense for ideological security, establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, discard utilitarian thinking and a perfunctory attitude, truly sink down, integrate in,and do practical things. It will intensify guidance to county-level Party schools in areas such as curriculum development, scientific research and policy consultation, discipline construction,and teacher cultivation, exert targeted efforts (精准发力, jing zhun fa li - "precise, exert, power")), adopt targeted measures, carry out assistance work with a rigorous, diligent, pragmatic,and responsible work style, and with heart, feeling,and effort promote the high-quality development of the cause of Party schools (administrative schools) across the province.
Return to TopNews Bulletin
On the morning of August 27, the Party School of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the CPC (Chongqing Administration Institute) held a scheduling meeting on the work of think tanks and special research teams for the second half of 2026. Vice President (Vice Dean) Wang Sheng attended the meeting and delivered a speech. The meeting fully affirmed the achievements in scientific research and consultation work since the beginning of this year. In the first half of the year, the scientific research and consultation work was brilliant and varied (亮点纷呈, liang dian fen cheng - "bright spots, diverse appearances"): the output of scientific research and consultation achievements has become increasingly excellent, with 46 consultation reports receiving approval instructions from provincial-and-ministerial-level or above leaders, 30 academic papers published in journals at or above the core level, 3 academic monographs published, and 18 provincial-and-ministerial-level research projects approved; the foundation in scientific research, consultation, interpretation, and publicity has become increasingly solid, with 31 theoretical articles published in important media such as People's Daily, achieving a "zero" breakthrough in publishing papers in the theoretical edition of People's Daily, the theoretical edition of PLA Daily, and authoritative academic journals;the working mechanisms for think tank construction, research interpretation, and decision-making consultation have become increasingly flexible, with mechanisms such as mentoring and hand-down transmission, frontline research, coordinated cooperation, and achievement transformation gradually established and improved, and 9 special research teams newly established, further consolidating the "1+6+N" scientific research and consultation system;the atmosphere for scientific research, consultation, and think tank construction has become increasingly favorable, with the initiative and enthusiasm of each think tank and special research team for undertaking work and pursuing achievements significantly enhanced.
The meeting emphasized that it is necessary to always uphold the fundamental principle that party schools must be Party-led (党校姓党, dang xiao xing dang - "party school, surname Party"), practice the original aspiration of party schools to cultivate talent and provide advice for the Party (为党育才、为党献策, wei dang yu cai, wei dang xian ce - "for Party, nurture talent, for Party, offer advice"), and solidly advance the various tasks of scientific research and consultation in the second half of the year. First, establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, adhere to long-termism, temper the core capabilities of strategic planning and comprehensive research and judgment, pursue great learning and true learning, and strive to produce high-quality, high-impact achievements that center on the overall situation and serve the overall situation. Second, strengthen problem awareness, cooperation awareness, and transformation awareness, closely focus on major practical issues in the construction of Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化, zhong guo shi xiandai hua - "China style, modernization") in Chongqing to plan research, deepen cross-domain resilient cooperation, promote the diversified transformation of research achievements, and form more high-level papers, high-quality courses, and high-level reports. Third, continue to deepen organized scientific research, with the Scientific Research Department coordinating, each think tank and special research team taking the initiative to shoulder responsibility, acting as both participants and promoters, refining and improving the work chain from 10 dimensions, including topic selection planning, data repository construction, research organization working mechanisms, project initiation guidance, academic trends research and judgment, ideological position gatekeeping, achievement transformation platforms, academic exchange activities, professional guidance for district-and-county party schools, and cultivation of young researchers' scientific research capabilities, forming a coordinated force to tackle difficulties, and jointly promoting the high-quality development of scientific research and consultation work.
At the meeting, the chief experts of the 6 major think tanks of the school (institute) and the persons in charge of the 9 special research teams one by one reported the work achievements of the first half of the year and the research progress of related projects, and around major special tasks such as the research and interpretation of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, full and rigorous Party governance (全面从严治党, quan mian cong yan zhi dang - "comprehensively, strictly, govern Party"), and the implementation of the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Ninth Municipal Committee, exchanged staged research achievements and the next steps in tackling key problems. The participants conducted interactive exchanges, further consolidating ideological consensus.
Everyone unanimously stated that they will quickly adjust their state of mind, return to work and focus, devote themselves to the work of the second half of the year with fuller spirit, based on striving to write the chapter of Chinese-style modernization in Chongqing, answer major propositions with high-quality research, serve scientific decision-making with high-level achievements, demonstrate the responsibility and value of party school think tanks in exploring laws and being practical and serve the real world (经世致用, jing shi zhi yong - "manage world, apply use"), and welcome the 30th anniversary of Chongqing's direct administration as a municipality with excellent achievements.
Return to Top本报讯
近日，第四届“长·珠·渤”部分城市党校（行政学院）推进教学高质量发展合作会议在河北省秦皇岛市委党校（行政学院）召开，来自长三角、珠三角、环渤海3个区域9个省的30家地市级党校（行政学院）参加会议。
Recently, the Fourth "Yangtze River Delta–Pearl River Delta–Bohai Rim" Cooperative Conference on Promoting High-Quality Teaching Development among Party Schools (Academies of Governance) of Some Cities was held at the Party School (Academy of Governance) of the Qinhuangdao Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, Hebei Province. Thirty prefecture-level municipal Party schools (academies of governance) from nine provinces across the three regions of the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Bohai Rim attended the conference.
The conference thoroughly studied and implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses on Party school work, implemented the "Regulations on the Work of Party Schools (Academies of Governance) of the Communist Party of China," closely adhered to the original mission of Party schools to train talent and provide advice for the Party (为党育才、为党献策, wei dang yu cai, wei dang xian ce - "for the party nurture talent, for the party offer advice"), and centered on the theme of "improving the basic training mechanism and promoting high-quality teaching development through cross-regional coordination" conducted exchange and discussion. Wang Dongqi, professor of the Teaching and Research Department of Party Building at the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance), delivered a keynote speech on Xi Jinping's thought on Party building. The participating units, through forms such as experience exchange, teaching observation, group discussion, and achievement sharing, shared practical experiences in developing distinctive courses, constructing teaching systems, and building teaching research teams, forming a batch of replicable and promotable school-running achievements.
Since the establishment of the "Yangtze River Delta–Pearl River Delta–Bohai Rim" cooperation mechanism, cooperation initiatives have moved from consensus to normalized practice, achieving a profound transformation from acting independently without coordination (各自为战, ge zi wei zhan - "each self fight war") to working together to advance collectively (协同共进, xie tong gong jin - "collaborate together advance"), from "resource interconnection" to "model co-construction", and from "exploratory start-up" to "normalized win-win." Fully excavating and organizing the vivid practical cases of the three major frontiers of reform and opening up — the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Bohai Rim — jointly developing high-quality case teaching and on-site teaching courses, jointly building and sharing a high-quality course resource library. Establishing normalized mechanisms such as cross-provincial teacher shadowing study and joint lesson preparation, building a broad platform for teacher cultivation, earnestly upholding the working approach of joint planning, joint learning, joint construction, and joint sharing, centering on key tasks such as course sharing, teacher exchange, class reciprocity, and base co-use, continuously deepening regional cooperation, achieving resource interconnection and integrated development, effectively constructing a new pattern of regionally linked Party school operation.
（郭艳玲）
Return to TopI. Overall Approach
Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想, xi jin ping xin shi dai zhong guo te se she hui zhu yi si xiang - "Xi Jinping new era China characteristic socialism thought"), we must thoroughly study and implement the guiding principles from the Party's 20th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, deeply study and understand Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building and the guiding principles from General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech at the meeting celebrating the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, thoroughly study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses on Party school work, study and implement the guiding principles from the National Conference of Presidents (Deans) of Party Schools (Academies of Governance), and adhere to making the study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era the central content and primary task of teaching. We must solidly implement basic training, consolidate the disciplinary foundation, implement teaching mechanisms, and while meticulously organizing teaching, further intensify efforts in disciplinary development and the building of a high-caliber teaching faculty, comprehensively raising the political caliber, policy caliber, academic caliber, and professional caliber of teaching in main programs.
II. Program Setup
(Detailed program setup omitted.)
III. Deeply Study and Understand Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, and Solidly Advance the Integration of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building into Textbooks, into Classrooms, and into Minds
(1) Make every effort to do well in the education and training on Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, explicitly designating special courses on Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building as required courses, regular courses, and key courses in the basic training of Party schools (academies of governance) at all levels, incorporating them into the teaching plans of all main programs and branch school programs of the school (academy), and into the basic curricula of local Party schools (academies of governance).
(2) Through multiple methods such as classroom lectures, group discussions, and branch exchanges, encourage students to study volume I and volume II of the Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building piece by piece, guiding students to persist in reading the original works, studying the original texts, and comprehending the underlying principles, to persist in combining learning with application and applying what one has learned to practice (学以致用, xue yi zhi yong - "learn, use, to achieve use"), and to effectively transform learning outcomes into firm conviction, strong Party spirit, sense of mission, and core competence for advancing the cause of the Party and the state.
(3) Promptly add the special topic "Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building" to the Curriculum System and Teaching Syllabus for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (for use in education and training of Party members and cadres). Initiate the compilation of special-topic textbooks on Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, and deepen research, interpretation, systematization, and theorization of this thought.
IV. Optimize Teaching Design and Enrich the Curriculum System
(1) Closely follow the latest achievements in the Party's theoretical innovation and the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, dynamically improving the curriculum system and special-topic design for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Further enrich the teaching content of the theoretical lecture unit on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, further optimize the course design of the practical interpretation unit on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and further tap the "rich mine" of cases on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Comprehensively incorporate case-based courses such as "The Power of Culture — The Origins and Practice of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture in Zhejiang" and "Successful Practice of Developing County-District Economies According to Local Conditions — Learning from the 'Yiwu Development Experience'" into the teaching of main programs, and promptly promote newly developed case-based courses such as "Balancing Development and Security — The Innovative Practice of Comrade Xi Jinping's Planning for the Construction of a Safe Zhejiang During His Work in Zhejiang" into the classrooms of main programs. Continue to encourage relevant teaching and research departments (institutes) to continuously develop case-based courses on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and guide existing case-based courses to benchmark against the latest guiding principles of the Party Central Committee and to continuously iterate and deepen.
(2) Increase efforts in updating lecture topics and improve the curriculum system for Party spirit education. Consolidate and elevate the quality and effectiveness of learning and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, and continue to offer the special course "Important Discourses of General Secretary Xi Jinping on Establishing and Practicing a Correct View of Political Achievements" in all main programs. Benchmarking against the scientific system of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, entrust and support relevant teaching and research departments (institutes) to develop and reserve a batch of new Party spirit education courses, including "The Outstanding Qualities of the Communist Party of China", "Persisting in Forging Strong Party Spirit", and "Strengthening the Building of a Clean Culture in the New Era". Add special courses such as "Ancient Chinese Official Virtue" to the school-wide (academy-wide) elective lectures. Optimize the design of Party spirit education (experiential teaching) plans, and effectively promote Party spirit education to touch the soul and be deeply etched in one's heart or memory (刻骨铭心, ke gu bo ming xin - "carve bone, engrave heart").
(3) Closely focus on the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period and the major national strategic needs, dynamically adjust and optimize the content arrangement of "Situation and Tasks" reports, enrich the teaching methods of courses on improving performance capacity, strive to improve the teaching quality of case-based courses, and strengthen the adaptability of simulation-based teaching topics to programs and students. Adjust and optimize, according to teaching effectiveness, the relevant content of the distinguished expert lectures on "Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture" and the academician lectures on "Frontiers of Science and Technology", adding thematic courses such as traditional Chinese medicine culture, artificial intelligence, and future industries. Enrich the content of the film appreciation course, using the "textbook of light and shadow" to demonstrate the vitality, appeal, and感染力 of mainstream values and mainstream culture.
V. Deepen Collective Lesson Preparation and Strengthen the Role of Teaching Supervision
(1) Promote refined collective lesson preparation and elevate the political stance, academic stance, and quality stance of classroom lectures. Continue to advance collective lesson preparation for special courses on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era at the school (academy) level, strengthen political guidance, grasp the correct political direction, and strengthen the basic skills of all lecturers in presenting the Party's innovative theories completely, accurately, deeply, and thoroughly from multiple dimensions such as political stance, problem orientation, theoretical contribution, practical value, and world significance. Continue to consolidate the responsibility of the leadership teams of teaching and research departments (institutes) for collective lesson preparation, continue to uphold the practice of the academic affairs department taking the lead in carrying out "one-on-one" lesson preparation around specific teaching topics, effectively improve the pertinence and effectiveness of lesson preparation, and strive to cultivate outstanding backbone teachers capable of delivering "major lectures".
(2) Strengthen the role of teaching supervision and review. Optimize the procedures for teaching supervision and lesson evaluation, more effectively bringing into play the foundational role of teaching supervision and review in classroom access, new course development, and the building of the teacher echelon. Solidify the front-end stage of teaching supervision, effectively bringing into play the gatekeeping role of teaching and research departments (institutes) in the full-process trial lectures and collective evaluation. Continue to strengthen the team of teaching supervision experts, do well in the renewal and addition of experts, and continuously enhance the professionalism and authority of teaching supervision and review.
VI. Advance Disciplinary Development and Strengthen Teaching Management
(1) Do well in implementing the "15th Five-Year Plan" Disciplinary Development Plan of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) (2026–2030), adhere to taking teaching as the center, scientific research as the foundation, and high-quality talent team building as the key, promoting the high-quality development of the school's (academy's) disciplinary development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.
(2) Incorporate the study of the newly revised Regulations on Student Management of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) into entrance education, promote students to strictly abide by school rules and disciplines, further strengthen theoretical study and Party spirit tempering, guide students to enhance their consciousness and initiative in arming their minds with the Party's innovative theories and uniting hearts and forging souls (凝心铸魂, ning xin zhu hun - "condense heart, cast soul"); promote students to consciously take Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building as the guide and persist in forging strong Party spirit.
(3) Deepen discussion and exchange. Fully utilize the students'"two brings" questions, enhancing the pertinence and effectiveness of classroom lectures, group discussions, and two-way exchanges. Support student departments in actively carrying out high-quality cross-branch, cross-program discussion and exchange activities, strengthening exchanges on completing major tasks, handling complex contradictions, and preventing and defusing risks. Promote teaching and research departments (institutes), teaching groups, and teachers to actively participate in the above activities, further deepening the mutual progress of teaching and learning (教学相长, jiao xue xiang zhang - "teach, learn, mutually grow") and the mutual progress among learners.
(4) Promote the transformation of learning outcomes. Guide students to leverage their strengths, focus on conducting countermeasure research on new problems encountered in practice, deep-seated problems in reform, development, and stability, problems of urgent concern to the people, major problems in international changes, and prominent problems in Party building, produce high-quality research outcomes, and actively offer suggestions for the Party.
(5) Strengthen the application of evaluation results. Optimize and adjust the course teachers for programs whose teaching evaluation class deviation values are below -0.2; for courses ranked in the bottom 5 in teaching evaluations of relevant main programs, continue to promptly feed back student opinions and suggestions to the relevant teaching and research departments (institutes) and the teachers themselves; for courses receiving teaching evaluations of "lecturing not serious, not rigorous", further strengthen categorized guidance, effectively helping teachers improve the political stance, policy stance, quality stance, and rigor stance of their lectures.
(6) Continue to organize teachers of main programs and young and middle-aged teachers to go to Fujian, Zhejiang, and Shanghai to carry out teaching training on tracing the path of inquiry; around improving the teaching quality of ethnic cadre training programs and teacher training programs of Party schools (academies of governance) in ethnic regions, continue to organize teachers to go to ethnic regions to carry out special teaching research.
VII. Strengthen Textbook Development and Improve Lecture Note Quality
(1) Revise the Curriculum System and Teaching Syllabus for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (for use in education and training of Party members and cadres), revise and publish the Curriculum System and Teaching Syllabus for Party Spirit Education of the Communist Party of China and the Curriculum System and Teaching Syllabus for the History of the Communist Party of China, and complete the compilation of the Curriculum System and Teaching Syllabus for Improving Performance Capacity.
(2) Continue to advance the revision, improvement, and publication of the series of textbooks "Research on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era" and the textbook "Selected Cases on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era".
(3) Strengthen the standardized management of lecture notes, strictly enforce political, content, and procedural standards, and continuously improve the quality of lecture note writing.
VIII. Strengthen Professional Guidance for Local Party Schools (Academies of Governance) and Branch Schools
(1) Strengthen professional guidance for local Party schools (academies of governance). Continue to run well the national Party school (academy of governance) system training programs, including the teacher training program on "Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era", the teacher training program on "Party Spirit Education", the teacher training program on "Improving Performance Capacity", sub-discipline teacher training programs, and teacher training programs for Party schools (academies of governance) in ethnic regions. Do well in the work of selecting and dispatching teachers to give lectures and provide collective lesson preparation guidance to Party schools (academies of governance) in ethnic regions.
(2) Promptly release the basic curriculum setup plan for main programs of local Party schools (academies of governance) for the 2026 autumn semester, dynamically updating the relevant basic course video resources on the "Online Party School" platform.
(3) Optimize branch school teaching plans and allocate strong teaching faculty. Revise and issue the Provisions on the Work of Branch Schools of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance).
Return to TopBy: 路云
General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that in establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, the decisive factor is Party character. Persistently tempering strong Party character is the scientific connotation of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building. The Party School of the Henan Provincial Committee (Administrative Institute) has earnestly implemented the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches, integrating Party character education throughout the entire process of student management, and implementing a standardized, closed-loop, and verifiable "Seven Ones" model for Party character education, promoting Party character education to become deeply ingrained in mind and heart (入脑入心, ru nao ru xin - "enter brain, enter heart") and unforgettable or deeply etched in one's memory (刻骨铭心, ke gu ming xin - "carve bone, engrave heart"), guiding students to continuously enhance their ideological consciousness and action consciousness in establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements.
Grasp the implementation of one round of revisiting Party admission oaths. Treating the revisiting of Party admission oaths as a compulsory course on the first day of the main training classes, the school organizes all Party members, organized by class, to wear Party member badges, solemnly swear before the Party flag, recall their experiences of joining the Party, and re-examine their original aspirations of joining the Party, thereby firmly establishing Party member awareness, purifying their political souls, and tempering political character characterized by loyalty, integrity, and responsibility. After revisiting the Party admission oaths, in light of requirements such as "checking whether one's thoughts and actions have deviated from the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, whether one has departed from the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, whether one has drifted away from the Party's line, principles, and policies and the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, and whether one has become detached from national conditions and the actual situation of this region and this department," the school organizes all students to carry out exchanges and discussions, identifying deviations and misalignments in their view of political achievements from aspects such as ideological understanding, awareness of purpose, policy implementation, and connection to reality, resolutely breaking the erroneous view of political achievements that "emphasizes visible achievements while neglecting latent achievements, emphasizes the short term while neglecting the long term, and emphasizes hollow reputation while neglecting practical effects," taking the lead in establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, adhering to starting from reality and acting according to laws, and striving to produce political achievements for the people through practical work.
Set up one unit of Party character education. For training sessions lasting more than one month, Party character education teaching units are established to deepen and expand the theoretical, systematic, and effective nature of Party character education. In-depth education is carried out on ideals and beliefs, the Party's purpose, Party history, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development, and revolutionary traditions, with the study and education of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and Party disciplines serving as important content. More than 20 special courses have been opened, such as "Deeply Studying and Implementing General Secretary Xi Jinping's Important Expositions on Establishing and Practicing a Correct View of Political Achievements," "Studying the 'Constitution of the Communist Party of China'," "Developing the Spirit of Struggle and Improving the Ability to Struggle," "to seek truth from facts (实事求是, shi shi qiu shi - "seek truth from facts) is the greatest Party character," and "Studying the Personal Character and Style of the Older Generation of Revolutionaries," guiding students to solve the problems of for whom political achievements are established, what kind of political achievements should be established, and on what basis political achievements are established, and profoundly recognizing that only with strong Party character and the discarding of selfish thoughts and distractions can it be guaranteed that the view of political achievements does not deviate. Adhering to a combination of theoretical teaching, case analysis, and special discussions, the school leverages the role of students' temporary Party branches and organizes student forums on "Establishing and Practicing a Correct View of Political Achievements," where students exchange views in connection with their actual work, further deepening their understanding of a correct view of political achievements and calibrating the correct direction for undertaking work and entrepreneurship.
Conduct one round of red field teaching. Henan has a profound revolutionary history and rich red resources; the spirit of Jiao Yulu, the spirit of the Red Flag Canal, and the Dabie Mountains spirit are vivid and living teaching materials for conducting Party character education. In Lankao, students are organized to visit the Jiao Yulu Memorial Hall, gaze upon the "Jiao Tong" (Jiao Yulu's tool), and deeply study Jiao Yulu's people-centered sentiment of not seeking hollow reputation but only seeking practical merit, and sense the historical responsibility of "success need not be mine, but success must involve me." At the Red Flag Canal, students learn the magnificent history of the 100,000 people of Lin County who relied on their own efforts (自力更生, zi li geng sheng - "self rely, more生") and struggled against all odds (战天斗地, zhan tian dou di - "fight heaven, struggle earth"), sensing the struggle spirit of revitalizing the nation through practical work and serving the people through pragmatism. In the Dabie Mountains, students look back at the revolutionary miracle of "the red flag not falling for 28 years," experiencing the revolutionary essence of remaining true to one's original aspiration (不忘初心, bu wang chu xin - "not forget initial heart") and loyal dedication, receiving a spiritual baptism in real sites and real scenes. Innovatively utilizing teaching forms such as situational Party lectures, literary propaganda, and cross-temporal dialogues, the school has introduced immersive Party character education courses such as "Hello, Jiao Yulu" and "The Spirit of the Red Flag Canal Lives Forever" into the Party school classrooms, transforming static red resources into perceptible and touchable educational content, guiding students to adhere to the value pursuit of benefiting the people and strengthening their action consciousness in pragmatic work.
Carry out a series of clean government warning education. By comprehensively utilizing teaching forms such as special lectures, field teaching, and case analysis, a systematic matrix of clean government warning education is formed. Study and research on Party Constitution, Party regulations, and Party disciplines are carried out to guide students to clarify the boundaries of power and the bottom line of performing duties. Leaders and experts from discipline inspection and supervision departments are invited to give special lectures, and students are organized to watch clean government warning education films and visit clean government education bases, allowing students to intuitively feel the serious harm caused by deviations in the view of political achievements and the weakening of awareness regarding discipline and rules. Categorized teaching is implemented: for county- and division-level cadre training classes, the focus is on analyzing problems such as blind debt accumulation, false investment promotion, image projects, and data padding; for middle-aged and young cadre training classes, the focus is on correcting problems such as being eager for quick success, being impetuous and advancing blindly, and emphasizing assessments while neglecting practical effects. After the warning education, students are organized to carry out self-inspection and reflection, achieving the ability to use cases as mirrors, reflect upon oneself through cases, and correct oneself through cases.
Write one Party character analysis report. Each student writing one Party character analysis report is an effective measure for carrying out the spirit of self-revolution and the normalized identification of problems. Clear, rigid standards are established for Party character analysis, namely "must check for deviations in the view of political achievements, must analyze the roots of Party character, and must include rectification measures," requiring students to base their analysis on their post responsibilities, duty performance experience, and work achievements, focusing on identifying shortcomings in Party character cultivation, such as whether there are problems of fading ideals and beliefs, weak awareness of purpose, insufficient spirit of struggle, or inadequate capacity for responsibility; focusing on checking for deviations in the view of political achievements, such as whether there is an emphasis on visible achievements over latent achievements, an emphasis on face over substance, a preference for "putting on a show" rather than "doing things," or an enthusiasm for "creating temporary momentum" rather than "benefiting a region"; and focusing on checking for weaknesses in style construction, such as whether there is formalism and bureaucracy, "doing superficial work and writing perfunctory articles," "fishing for three days and drying the net for two days," or problems of delaying action, failing to act, acting chaotically, or acting recklessly. Party character analysis must be combined with actual work, sorting out problem lists and rectification lists item by item, addressing people, matters, and thoughts, to achieve the self-inspection and correction of deviations in the view of political achievements through Party character, and the cultivation of excellent style through strong Party character.
Hold one organizational life meeting. Strictly regulate intra-Party political life, make good use of the weapons of criticism and self-criticism, and identify gaps in Party character and correct deviations in the view of political achievements. Strictly standardize the process of organizational life meetings to prevent them from becoming mere formalities or being superficial, ensuring they are serious, earnest, and confrontational. Strictly implement the closed-loop mechanism of "self-study and self-inspection before the meeting—mutual evaluation and mutual correction during the meeting—immediate implementation and rectification after the meeting." Before the meeting, various Party groups carry out theoretical study and, combined with the previous revisiting of Party admission oaths, theoretical study, field teaching, and warning education, formulate problem lists; during the meeting, members of the Party group conduct self-criticism one by one, proactively exposing ideological misconceptions and blind spots in duty performance, while other members put forward criticism point-to-point; after the meeting, criticism opinions are summarized and sorted, personal rectification ledgers are detailed, and rectification time limits and specific measures are clarified. Through serious intra-Party political life training, students can rectify their thoughts and improve their style in the process of feeling embarrassed and motivated by self-criticism (红脸出汗, hong lian chu han - "red face, emit sweat") and "detoxifying and treating diseases."
Conduct one session of Party character exchange and review. Before graduation, students, organized by branch, centrally carry out Party character exchanges and reviews to comprehensively sort out the effectiveness of Party character education, common problems, and individual shortcomings during their study at the Party school, achieving precise comments and consolidation of improvements. Party character exchanges and reviews adhere to to seek truth from facts (实事求是, shi shi qiu shi - "seek truth from facts") and precise benchmarking; class teachers, instructors, and secretaries of students' temporary Party branches provide point-by-point comments on the Party character cultivation, study style, and responsibility performance of students in each group, both affirming the progress made by students in tempering Party character and performing duties pragmatically, and precisely pointing out existing hidden problems and weaknesses in rectification, while proposing targeted suggestions for improvement. Students advance long-term rectification in light of the review opinions, transforming the results of Party character tempering and the correction of deviations in the view of political achievements during the training period into the action consciousness of normalized duty performance and entrepreneurship, achieving the closed-loop implementation and normalized effectiveness of Party character education. A student follow-up mechanism is established to track the effectiveness of students' duty performance after they return to their work posts, promoting the transformation of Party character education results into actual actions of undertaking work and entrepreneurship, achieving the goal of training once, improving a group, and带动 an entire area.
The "Seven Ones" model of Party character education revolves around "persisting in tempering strong Party character," closely follows the requirements for the study and education of establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, and has formed a complete system of "soul-casting through oaths, theoretical foundation-building, real-scene perception, warning-based correction, self-inspection and analysis, mutual evaluation and improvement, and closed-loop solidification," achieving normalized, institutionalized, and standardized Party character education practices, guiding students to adhere to their original aspiration of benefiting the people and strengthen their capacity for responsibility, and to strive to write a new chapter of promoting Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化, zhong guo shi xiang hua dai - "China style modernization") on the Central Plains through strong Party character, excellent style, and practical achievements.
(The author is the Executive Vice President (Deputy President) of the Party School of the Henan Provincial Committee (Administrative Institute))
Return to TopBy: 许斌
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "leading cadres must comprehensively strengthen their abilities in all respects and strive to become experts in their own fields of work." The "Regulations on the Work of Party Schools (Administrative Colleges) of the Communist Party of China" clearly stipulates that Party school work must "adhere to seeking truth from facts (实事求是, shi shi qiu shi - "truth, truth, seek, reality"), emphasize integrating theory with practice, and strengthen problem orientation." The Party School of China Telecommunications Group Co., Ltd. bases itself on the reality of training for persons responsible at grassroots-level units, uses the special advanced study class for cadres of municipal and county companies as its carrier, and explores the formation of a teaching model centered on "integration of training and combat." It exerts effort from four dimensions: problem-driven, situation generation, value calibration, and institutional guarantee, in order to resolve the problem of disconnection between educational training and actual combat, achieving notable results.
Replacing knowledge indoctrination with problem-driven approaches. Traditional training focuses mainly on knowledge lecturing, and trainees lack intrinsic learning motivation. The "integration of training and combat" teaching model makes targeted design at the entry point: before enrollment, trainees conduct research and preparation around a key difficult problem in their county's business development, achieving "bringing problems before training"; during training, topic research runs through the entire process, with two small-group discussions or class exchanges arranged each week, a sub-themed Q&A seminar set at the midpoint, and a research report defense conducted before graduation, achieving "researching problems during training"; after graduation, trainees return to their posts with plans that have undergone collective verification to implement them in practice, and the Party School continues follow-up through tracking guidance and phased return visits and assessments, ensuring "solving problems after training."
The teaching chain of "bringing problems — researching problems — solving problems" extends the starting point of learning from the classroom to the work site. At the same time, the "two brings" mechanism is implemented, requiring each trainee to submit one high-quality Party building case and one high-quality development case, embedding experience sharing throughout the entire learning process. When trainees walk into the classroom carrying the most thorny real tasks of their own posts, learning transforms from passive acceptance into an intrinsic requirement to solve real problems.
Forging scientific decision-making ability in situations. The formation of management ability depends on specific situations; knowledge transmission divorced from situations is difficult to transform into decision-making and judgment ability. The "integration of training and combat" teaching system unfolds from three levels: clarifying direction through learning, identifying gaps through benchmarking, and building consensus through debate, progressing layer by layer, promoting trainees to integrate learning, thinking, and practice (学思用贯通, xue si yong guan tong - "learn, think, use, connect, through") and unify knowledge, conviction, and action (知信行统一, zhi xin xing tong yi - "know, believe, act, unified") in completing the leap from cognitive deepening to conscious action. In deep study and thorough understanding, clarify direction and increase capability. The Party theory education and Party spirit education module courses are taught systematically by professors from the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance); the performance capability module courses are taught by persons responsible for the Group's business departments and emerging technology fields. The two types of modules form a teaching synergy of "how to view" and "how to do", enabling trainees to have both a sense of direction anda methodology. In benchmarking against advanced models, identify gaps and clarify paths. Persons responsible for advanced municipal and county companies step onto the podium to share development experiences; trainees walk into the large-model innovation ecological community, perceiving industrial transformation trends on site. Cross-industry benchmarking teaching guides trainees to look beyond their own enterprise at the industry, examining real problems from a broader perspective and seeking development paths. In research and exchange, build consensus and promote transformation. A multi-dimensional exchange mechanism further strengthens the effect of situational training. Forms such as "face-to-face with General Manager", cross-group discussions, case exchanges, and trainee forums break down regional and hierarchical barriers, enabling management practices from regions at different development levels to dialogue in the same field.
Integrating political training throughout the entire process of training and combat. The "integration of training and combat" teaching model highlights the goal of political training, strictly implementing the requirement that "the proportion of Party theory education and Party spirit education courses shall not be lower than 70% of the total class hours each semester." The study and education of establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements (树立和践行正确政绩观, shu li he jian xing zheng que zheng ji guan - "establish and practice, correct, political, achievement, view") is carried out throughout the entire process of the "integration of training and combat" teaching model. The training class constructs an integrated learning system of "theory — practice — mutual promotion", consolidating the theoretical foundation through special lectures, self-directed learning, thematic seminars, and on-site teaching, guiding trainees to deeply study and thoroughly understand General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements.
On this basis, trainees are organized to combine their own unit's actual conditions to write practical cases, produce micro Party lectures, carry out small-group and whole-class exchange and sharing, and finally compile them into a special case collection and a series of micro Party lectures; a growth dialogue is designed, inviting persons responsible from superior units to combine their own experiences and share their insights on "what kind of political achievements can stand the test of time." This promotes trainees to deeply understand, in exchange and discussion, the fundamental propositions of "for whom to create achievements, what kind of achievements to create, and how to create achievements", gradually forming consensus: true political achievements are work that lays foundations and benefits the long term, are tangible improvements in service capability and business quality, and are not "image projects" divorced from the main business or short-term benefits.
Institutional articulation from centralized learning to post-transfer. The end point of training is not graduation, but rather the improvement of work effectiveness after trainees return to their posts. The "integration of training and combat" teaching model mainly promotes the transformation of post-training outcomes through two methods: practical testing and decision-making transformation. At the individual level, a closed-loop mechanism of post-training follow-up and organizational use is established. Trainees return to their posts with "implementation plans for key business tasks", testing training outcomes through practical work, and the Party School continuously tracks progress through phased return visits and assessments. At the same time, an ability evaluation mechanism is introduced, opening up the institutional channel between "training" and"use." During the training period, situational exercise sessions are set up, and trainees' performance in training serves as an important reference for the subsequent cultivation and use of cadres, achieving the goals of identifying people through training and cultivating people through combat. At the organizational level, training outcomes are promoted to extend from individual empowerment to organizational advice. During the training period, special research on high-quality development is simultaneously carried out; trainees conduct in-depth discussions around key and difficult topics, forming relevant decision-making consultation outcomes, which are submitted to Group leaders in the form of "Party School Think Tank Reference." This practice extends trainees' "problem-solving" outcomes from post practice to the enterprise decision-making level, elevating the value of training from individual empowerment to the height of offering advice for the organization.
(Author's affiliation: Party School of China Telecommunications Group Co., Ltd.)
Return to TopBy: 吴冕
The Regulations on Education and Training for Cadres and the National Plan for Education and Training for Cadres (2023-2027) both explicitly designate excellent traditional Chinese culture (中华优秀传统文化, zhonghua youxiu chuan tong wenhua - "China excellent traditional culture") education as an important component of cadre education and training. In October 2023, during his inspection and research trip to Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to "make the 'millennium porcelain capital' this beautiful calling card shine even brighter." In July 2026, the "Jingdezhen Handmade Porcelain Industry Remains" were successfully inscribed on the World Heritage List. Jingdezhen, as a "millennium porcelain capital" with a pottery-making history of over 2,000 years anda kiln history of over 1,000 years, possesses a ceramic culture imbued with the spirit of craftsmanship, genes of innovation, an inclusive mindset, and ecological wisdom — a precious spiritual asset that nourishes the growth of cadres. For a long time, the Party School of the Jingdezhen Municipal Committee of the CPC has, based on its local resource endowments, deeply integrated ceramic culture into cadre education and training, blazing a new path in cadre education with regional distinctiveness, cultural depth, and practical substance.
Relying on local cultural resources to build a curriculum system for cadre education and training. Relying on the Jingdezhen National Ceramic Culture Inheritance and Innovation Pilot Zone, an important cultural construction project, it fully taps local red, green, and ancient cultural resources, creating a "three-color classroom" of red revolutionary culture education, green ecological civilization education, and ancient-color excellent traditional Chinese culture education, enabling trainees to deepen their understanding of major propositions such as high-quality development and cultural confidence within a familiar cultural context. It deeply studies and implements Xi Jinping's cultural thought and the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech during his inspection of Jiangxi, successively developing distinctive special-topic courses such as "The Spirit of Craftsmanship in Ceramic Culture and the Building of Cadre Work Style," "Using Culture to Shape Tourism, Using Tourism to Showcase Culture, Assisting the High-Quality Development of the Pilot Zone — Exploration and Practice of the Jingdezhen National Ceramic Culture Inheritance and Innovation Pilot Zone," and "Carrying Forward the Millennial Kiln Fire, Forging a New Chapter for the Times"; relying on historical and cultural landmarks such as the Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln Museum, the Gaoling Cultural Village, and the Fuliang Ancient County Government Office, it establishes a number of practical teaching bases for cadre education and training, guiding trainees to inherit cultural genes, comprehend the power of thought, and strengthen cultural confidence; it builds to a high standard the fine on-site teaching routes for ceramic culture of the "Five Ceramics and One Museum," namely Taoyangli, Taoyuangu, Taoxichuan, Taobocheng, Taokeyuan, and the Jingdezhen China Ceramics Museum, linking up red landmarks in counties and districts such as the Former Residence of Fang Zhimin in Huangwu, Leping, the Former Site of the Rearmament of the New Fourth Army in Yaoli, the Hongtang Spirit Red Education Base in Changjiang, and the Zhushan Night School for the Common People, among which 5 on-site teaching sites have been selected as provincial-level demonstration sites for on-site teaching in cadre educationand training, gradually forming a Party School curriculum system with rich local characteristics
Innovating and integrating teaching methods to enhance the appeal of cadre education and training. Based on the growth needs of cadres, it changes the traditional one-way indoctrination model of the classroom, innovatively applying a variety of teaching methods to strengthen the attractiveness and appeal of cadre educationand training. It implements on-site teaching, organizing trainees to visit the sites of ceramic cultural heritage protection, advanced ceramic production sites, and cultural IP innovation sites, enabling them to appreciate the value of traditional culture and draw wisdom for development through immersive experiences; it implements scenario-based teaching, organizing trainees to carry out activities such as red literary and artistic performances, creating a strong atmosphere for Party spirit education; it implements interview-based teaching, organizing trainees to visit the workshops of inheritors of intangible cultural heritage and the studios of "Jingpiao" (Jingdezhen drifters), artists who have settled there), learning from veteran craftsmen, and experiencing, through face-to-face interviews, the contemporary ethos of the integrated development of traditional culture and modern creative industries; it implements case-based teaching, inviting experts from the World Heritage application office, inheritors of intangible cultural heritage, and enterprise leaders into the classroom to share their personal experiences, allowing trainees, while listening to stories, experiencing skills, and interacting and exchanging ideas, to feel how the thousand-year porcelain lineage has continuously innovated within inheritance and transformed within innovation — the craftsmanship and wisdom involved — effectively enhancing the vividness, freshness, and practical effectiveness of teaching
Focusing on the practical effect of combining learning with application, achieving both cultural nourishment and capacity improvement. Ceramic culture is an important component of excellent traditional Chinese culture, containing the "spiritual nutrients" for "supplementing calcium" for cadres and the "practical momentum" for promoting cadres to innovate their work approaches. The Party School of the Jingdezhen Municipal Committee of the CPC upholds the teaching philosophy of apply what one has learned (学以致用, xue yi zhi yong - "learn to apply"), integrating the development concepts, governance wisdom, and spiritual values contained in ceramic culture into the cultivation of cadre capabilities. In the daily teaching of basic training classes, centering on key areas such as the development of the ceramic industry, the protection of cultural heritage, the integrated development of culture and tourism, and urban renewal and governance, it sets up segments such as special-topic seminars and trainee forums, guiding trainees to actively combine their own job responsibilities and think about how to promote the protection and inheritance of excellent traditional Chinese culture and do well in the "second half of the article on World Heritage application," enhancing trainees' industrial thinking and innovation awareness; through field visits and in-depth research, it systematically analyzes the successful experience of local well-known cultural-and-tourism integrated development cases, strengthening trainees' abilities and qualities in empowering industrial upgrading with culture and leading transformation and development with innovation; it actively promotes the transformation of learning outcomes into advisory reports, establishing a long-term mechanism of "combining learning and research, promoting application through research," organizing trainees, in small groups, to go deep into the front line around key work such as the development of local and departmental cultural resources, the development of characteristic industries, and the innovation of grassroots governance, to conduct squatting research, forming a batch of advisory suggestions with foresight, pertinence, and practical value; many reports have been adopted by relevant municipal party committee departments and transformed into specific work measures, providing strong intellectual support for the scientific decision-making of Party committees and governments
(Author's affiliation: Party School of the Jingdezhen Municipal Committee of the CPC, Jiangxi Province)
Return to TopBy: 魏建国
The Jinan Municipal Party School (School of Administration) adheres to the original aspiration of a party school, namely "educating talents for the Party and offering counsel for the Party," regards strengthening the theoretical arming of young faculty and staff as an important task in running the school and governing it, deeply implements the youth theoretical learning enhancement project and the "Classics Forge the Soul" project, creates the distinctive theoretical learning brand of "Reading with Youth," innovates learning carriers, improves learning mechanisms, fully stimulates learning motivation, and promotes young faculty and staff theoretical learning to become active, deepen, and produce tangible results.
Deepen the intensive study of classics, and consolidate the ideological and theoretical foundation. Highlight the important role of studying classic original works in theoretical arming, innovate learning formats such as roundtable salons, theoretical sharing, and style showcase, promoting the deep integration of theoretical learning with reading original works, studying original texts, and comprehending fundamental principles. Hold series of reading salons such as "The Power of Thought, the Interpretation of Classics" and "Me and the Classics," guiding young faculty and staff to cultivate the study style of intensive reading of classics and assiduous research of theory. In accordance with the chronological order of the creation of Marxist classic works, continuously carry out over two years series of classic reading exchange sessions such as "Youth, Let Us Approach Marx Together," employing interview-style, interactive-style, and question-setting-style learning methods, guiding young faculty and staff to thoroughly study and deeply comprehend the ideological connotations of classic works, grasp the historical context and theoretical logic, and consolidate the theoretical foundation. Fully leverage the principal role of youth theoretical learning groups, regularly carry out theoretical symposiums and discussions around key themes, continuously deepen the understanding and grasp of the Party's innovative theory, constantly enhance young faculty and staff political literacy and theoretical level.
Build joint learning platforms, broaden the pattern of mutual learning and common progress. Adhere to the principle that educators must first be educated, construct a multi-level joint learning and joint building mechanism, promote the internal-external linkage, mutual promotion, and common progress of theoretical learning. Facing municipal directly affiliated organs, build a cross-unit youth joint learning and joint building platform, share learning resources, jointly build practice carriers. Successively jointly with the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Justice Bureau, and more than 20 other units carried out multiple youth theoretical joint learning activities, exchanging the learning reflections and practical confusions of organ youth, promoting theoretical learning to connect with actual work. Leverage the party school's demonstration and leading role in the theoretical learning of youth in municipal organs, link upward with the Provincial Party School and the Provincial Institute of Socialism, actively engage in mutual learning and mutual reference around teaching, scientific research, and administrative business, establish a youth paired research and learning mechanism, share learning achievements, broaden theoretical horizons, empower youth growth and talent development. Organize youth faculty from district and county party schools across the city to carry out theoretical knowledge competitions, micro party lecture competitions, etc., jointly carry out classic reading and theoretical research activities, drive the overall improvement of the theoretical literacy of youth faculty in party schools across the city through horizontal linkage.
Adhere to integrating learning with practical application (学用贯通, xue yong guan tong - "learn, use, connect through"), promote the transformation of learning achievements. Focus on turning theoretical learning activities into a practical platform for young faculty and staff of the party school to temper skills, enhance abilities, showcase themselves, and grow together, explore and form mechanisms for polishing, guiding, and transforming theoretical learning achievements, promote learning through practice, promote training through practice, promote capability through training. Adhere to the close integration of theoretical learning with practical exercise, organize young faculty and staff to go deep into grassroots villages and communities to carry out research activities, visit red education bases and warning education sites to undergo party spirit tempering, deepen theoretical cognition through practical experience, constantly enhance theoretical consciousness and action consciousness. Strive to open up the transformation chain of theoretical learning achievements, transform excellent learning achievements into the content of organ youth reading sessions and sending courses to grassroots propaganda activities, organize young faculty to publish theoretical articles in the "Shandong Party School Newspaper" andthe "Jinan Daily," promote the transformation of theoretical learning achievements into vivid materials for teaching and scientific research. Innovate communication carriers, transform excellent learning achievements into online micro-videos, enhance the communication power and appeal of theoretical learning. Many young faculty members have won first and second prizes in competitions such as the provincial party school youth faculty micro party lecture competition and the municipal directly affiliated organ "I Give a Party Lecture" competition, two young faculty members have been rated as "Jinan Youth Technical Innovation Experts," fully demonstrating the spiritual outlook of young faculty and staff of the party school.
[The author is the Director of the Scientific Research Department of the Jinan Municipal Party School (School of Administration)]
Return to TopBy: 褚振江
Slogans refer to propaganda and mobilization slogans that are concise in wording and clear in meaning. In October 1934, the CPC Central Committee and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission led the main forces of the Central Red Army, numbering over 86,000 people, onto the long journey of strategic transfer, beginning the Long March. On the Long March road, the Red Army fully utilized slogans to widely disseminate the Party's policies and principles and the Red Army's revolutionary propositions. These red imprints engraved upon the mountains, rivers, and lands have become resplendent cultural treasures in the Party history and military history.
I
As early as the Jinggangshan period, our Party already placed great emphasis on using the form of slogans to carry out revolutionary propaganda; the Red Army, "wherever it went, the walls were filled with written slogans." In December 1929, the Ninth Congress of the Fourth Army of the Communist Party of China was convened and adopted a resolution, emphasizing that "the propaganda work of the Red Army is the Red Army's first major work." During this period, slogans had already become an important means of Red Army propaganda work.
On October 9, 1934, before the Central Red Army's Long March departure, the Red Army General Political Department issued the "Political Directive on Preparing for the Long-Distance March and Combat," clearly requiring the entire army: "It is necessary to carry out propaganda work among the masses along the way…… distribute and post propaganda materials and write many slogans and mottos on wall newspapers (for residents and for defecting White Army soldiers), especially according to the urgent and concrete demands of the local masses, put forward struggle slogans, and lead the masses in struggle."
On February 27, 1935, the Red Army General Political Department again issued the "Order for All Units to Immediately Mobilize to Write Slogans Everywhere," requiring that "all units immediately mobilize all those in their units who can write, using charcoal, using writing brushes, using large characters, using small characters, on house walls, on door panels, to write everywhere the following twelve items of materials, achieving that each person writes at least one per day. From company to army corps, military cadres lead by example, personally writing themselves, writing until the entire billeting area is filled." Upon receiving the order, Red Army units from company-level commanders and fighters to army corps-level senior cadres responded one after another. Zhu De, empathizing with the hardships of the people of all ethnic groups, wrote with his brush the livelihood slogan "Implement 'Land to the Tillers'"; while the First Red Army Corps was stationed in southern Gansu, Deng Xiaoping personally inspected and supervised the slogan writing work. At the same time, the Red Army General Political Department's organ newspaper Red Star repeatedly published commentaries, urging political organs at all levels to attach great importance to slogan propaganda work, clarifying its enormous influence on mobilizing the masses to struggle, emphatically stressing that "one must not overlook the important significance of this work for winning over the masses and disintegrating the White Army." A foreign missionary named Bosshardt, who had come into contact with the Long March Red Army in Guizhou, recorded in his memoir The Restraining Hand the Red Army's propaganda spectacle: "Wherever they went, they wrote large slogans, red, white, blue, each square character extraordinarily conspicuous." Short and straightforward slogans became the most powerful medium by which the Red Army scattered revolutionary fire seeds.
II
Propagating truth and principles, lighting the spark of the people's hearts. On the Long March road, Lu Dingyi, Xie Juezai, Lin Boqu, and other revolutionary predecessors led the slogan compilation work, guiding Red Army soldiers to use colloquial language from daily life, skillfully employing local dialects, common sayings, and proverbs, to compile vivid, lively, easy-to-understand, and easy-to-remember slogan mottos. "When the Red Army arrives, the poor (dry) people laugh, the gentry cry…… To make the poor (dry) people laugh every day, let the White Army not come and let the Red Army come. To make the gentry cry every day, let White Army brothers drag their guns, having dragged their guns turn around and run, to overthrow the warlords — wonderful, wonderful, wonderful." These easy-to-understand, catchy, and heart-piercing slogans awakened countless masses along the way; countless young people, deeply inspired, put down their farming tools and, following their convictions without looking back (义无反顾, yi wu fan gu - "righteousness no, turn back"), threw themselves into the torrent of revolution. As Mao Zedong put it: "Very simple slogans, pictures, and speeches make the peasants seem as if each had attended a political school for a while; the results are extremely broad and swift." Though slogan content consisted of merely a few words, it played the most vivid role in revolutionary enlightenment and the most powerful role in ideological mobilization.
Cultivating deep fish-and-water affection, forever binding military and civilian hearts as one. The remote southwestern and northwestern regions through which the Long March passed had depressed economies and afflicted livelihoods; Miao, Yao, Zhuang, Tibetan, Yi, and other ethnic minority compatriots had long been deceived by rumors from the Kuomintang reactionaries, lacked understanding of the Communist Party and the Red Army, harbored doubts and were full of vigilance. In May 1935, in order to pass smoothly through the Yi ethnic聚居 area, the Red Army issued the "Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Proclamation": "The Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army liberates small and weak ethnic groups; all Yi and Han common people are brothers, flesh and bone…… The Red Army's ten-thousand-li Long March has been irresistible (势如破竹, shi ru po zhu - "force like, breaking bamboo"); now it has arrived in western Sichuan, respecting Yi people's customs……" The proclamation's content, six characters per sentence, was concise and to the point (言简意赅, yan jian yi gai - "speech brief, meaning concise"), colloquial and smooth, and some local masses could even recite it from memory. Plain words and sincere actions mutually confirmed each other: the Red Army helped the people plow and sow, treated illnesses and relieved distress, strictly observed folk customs, completely dispelling the Yi compatriots' misgivings. Masses of all ethnic groups voluntarily procured grain for the Red Army and guided their way, assisting with all their might, and even forged the celebrated tale of Liu Bocheng and Yi tribal leader Xiao Yedan swearing blood brotherhood, Yi and Han united as one heart. This proclamation was also the first authoritative document to formally propose the "Red Army's Ten-Thousand-Li Long March"; from then on, "ten-thousand-li Long March" became the exclusive appellation for the Red Army's great strategic transfer, recorded into the annals of revolution. Local people sang such folk songs:"When the Red Army left, what did they leave behind? They left slogans pointing the direction. When the Red Army left, what did they leave behind? They left words warming the heart!" Red Army slogans became a warm testimony of military-civilian unity of heart.
Tempering military morale, strengthening the conviction of certain victory. When facing tenaciously pursuing powerful enemies and extremely harsh natural environments, one slogan after another coalesced the officers and soldiers' conviction of advancing toward death without flinching and pressing forward with indomitable spirit. On the eve of forcing the Wujiang River, the slogan"Break through Wujiang, go to Zunyi to celebrate the New Year" — every character firm and resolute, boosting military morale, fully displaying the Red Army's optimistic and vigorous posture of struggle; during the Four Crossings of the Chishui River, the bold slogan"Drag to death the Central Army, fight to death the Yunnan Army, trample underfoot the Sichuan Army" incisively and vividly displayed Red Army officers' and soldiers' fighting heroism in overcoming difficulties and conquering all before them. From the bloody battle at Xiangjiang, the Four Crossings of the Chishui River, to the skillful crossing of the Jinsha River and the forced crossing of the Dadu River; from climbing over gleaming snow mountains and trekking through vast grasslands, to the victorious rendezvous of the three main forces — slogans were always the spiritual banner inspiring the entire army to advance bravely. Before the Battle of Mount Louguan commenced, Zhong Chibing, political commissar of the 12th Regiment of the Third Red Army Corps, put forward the slogans"Light wounds, don't leave the front; severe wounds, don't cry" and"Whoever doesn't take Mount Louguan is no true man," organizing propagandists to write them on mountain rocks and cliff faces. Sonorous and powerful slogans inspired the soldiers to charge through blood, engage in bayonet combat, and ultimately conquer this natural barrier and return triumphant. In April 1935, as the Red Army advanced to Baiceng Ferry on the Beipan River in Zhenfeng County, Guizhou, they wrote on stone cliffs large-character slogans such as"Swear to Destroy the Japanese Invaders" and"The enemy has chased us; let us quickly go forward," both declaring bright the correct proposition of resisting Japan and marching north, and even more displaying the Red Army's firm determination to overcome difficulties and advance into Yunnan and Guizhou.
Deterring and disintegrating the enemy army, striving for revolutionary initiative. Slogans were not only bugles for coalescing the people's hearts and inspiring officers and soldiers, but also combat weapons for splitting the enemy forces and destroying enemy momentum. In the critical battle situation of the Four Crossings of the Chishui River, the Ninth Red Army Corps was ordered to disguise itself as the main force to confuse the enemy, writing large numbers of slogans along Maling Ridge and setting off smoke and fireworks to create a spectacle, winning precious battle opportunities for the main force to cross the Wujiang River southward and break through strategically. After the Red Army crossed the Jinsha River, when the pursuing enemy reached the riverbank, they only saw the large slogans the Red Army had left behind:"When you came, we saw you off at Xuanwei; when you leave, we'll see you off at Shigu Town. Much trouble! Much trouble! Please go back! Please go back!" Between the lines, the Red Army's composure, bearing, and tactical wisdom were fully displayed. In villages, towns, streets, and lanes along the Long March route, propaganda slogans such as"Down with the Kuomintang, which does not resist Japan but specifically comes to slaughter China's Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" and"Don't be a penniless White Army soldier; drag your gun over and become a Red Army soldier" hit the nail on the head (一针见血, yi zhen jian xie - "one needle, see blood"), exposing the reactionary nature of the Kuomintang, and clearly conveying the Red Army's policy propositions of"severely punishing chief culprits, rewarding those who revolt, and lenient treatment of prisoners of war." Slogans such as"Oppose White Army officers beating and cursing White Army soldier brothers; White Army soldier brothers, unite, kill the corrupt officials, join with the Red Army to together strike the local tyrants" and"China is about to be亡国; only by resisting Japan and opposing Chiang Kai-shek can China be saved" actively inspired enemy officers and soldiers to abandon evil and seek the light of truth (弃暗投明, qi an tou ming - "abandon darkness, seek light") and join the anti-Japanese cause. The postmaster of the Yanhe County Post Office under the Kuomintang government in Guizhou wrote in a report submitted to his superiors that the Communist Party paid particular attention to propaganda work; slogans were so numerous that they filled every street and lane, and on doors, windows, walls, there was no gap left unwritten. People's hearts and minds are won over easily (人心归附，如水下倾, ren xin gui fu, ru shui xia qing - "people's hearts return, like water flowing downhill").
III
In those烽火 years, the Red Army, making do with whatever was available and using local materials, innovatively developed three main forms of slogans: handwritten, woodblock-printed, and stone-carved. When materials were extremely scarce, Red Army officers and soldiers broke through with wisdom: they made writing brushes from bamboo shoot sheaths and palm fibers, used lime, ink, and charcoal as pigments, and even invented a self-made"ink" of soot mixed with tung oil; in mountain forests and grasslands where there were no buildings or stone cliffs, they ingeniously made"water telegram" that traveled downstream with the current and"tree markers" carved on tree bark, letting revolutionary truth cross mountains and rivers and spread everywhere.
"The Long March is a declaration, the Long March is a propaganda team, the Long March is a seeder." Slogans were carved on mountain rocks, walls, and pillars, and even more carved into the hearts of the common people — they are living material evidence of the Long March as a"propaganda team" and"seeder." The many slogans from the Long March road that can survive to this day rely not merely on the firmness of stone cliffs, but even more on the common people who risked their lives to protect and seal them away. Each Red Army slogan spanning time and space carries the fine work style of the people's army and continues the revolutionary tradition passed down from generation to generation. Red Army slogans never fade; the Long March spirit becomes more vibrant with the passage of time (历久弥新, li jiu mi xin - "time long, more new"). Red Army slogans are a major cultural phenomenon in the history of the Chinese revolution, an irreplaceable and non-renewable resource of revolutionary cultural relics. More than 90 years have passed, yet memory endures long and spirit is not extinguished. Let us, through each vivid Red Army slogan, savor the burning original aspiration and firm faith of revolutionary predecessors, and draw spiritual strength to continue the struggle.
Return to TopBy: 韩伟
Living in the land of Qin, and often traveling through the Qinling Mountains and beyond, I truly began to listen to Qinqiang opera, and to understand it, only at a later time. Qinqiang is a very ancient form of theatrical art in the northwestern region, with heavy makeup and resplendent costumes, sonorous and forceful vocal styles, and highly legendary dramatic storylines; if the listener truly invests themselves and immerses in it, they can all the more perceive its profound meaning expressed in subtle words (微言大义, wei yan da yi - "subtle words, great meaning"), and gain spiritual resonance.
As an amateur enthusiast, the first time I was shaken by Qinqiang was when I watched a performance by Anwan Troupe, a folk troupe from Gansu. The Anwan Qinqiang Troupe toured to Xi'an for performances, and did not choose to perform in a lavishly decorated theater hall, but rather, on a commercial square where ordinary people routinely stroll and shop, set up a stage nearby. There were nearby residents, and also farmers who had hurried over from tens of li away, crowding against one another, sitting or standing below the stage, and the fervent Qinqiang opened. The troupe performed "The Picture of Reviving the Han" (兴汉图), about Wang Mang usurping the throne and establishing the Xin Dynasty in the late Western Han, and "Three Drops of Blood" (三滴血), a tragic love story of young men and women triggered by a family property dispute; both are repertoires fairly familiar to the people of Shaanxi and Gansu. In the latter play, that one cry — "Ancestral home is Hancheng County in Shaanxi, in Apricot Flower Village there is a homestead" — a mournful, wailing roar carrying a tragic undertone, moved those who watched, and brought tears to those who heard. In these past two years, many Qinqiang troupes' performances have been wholeheartedly devoted, honest and plain, and with the dissemination via short-video new media platforms, have let more Qinqiang enthusiasts see them, and also let more audiences be infected by and attracted to the charm of Qinqiang.
In the first lunar month, in Yan'an, I again saw a public-benefit performance by the Shaanxi People's Troupe, which gave one a different kind of触动. Big red playbills and programs, classic repertory such as "Jade Hall Spring" (玉堂春), "Pavilion of Clear Breeze" (清风亭),)"Flame Colt" (火焰驹,)"Orphan of the Zhao Family" (赵氏孤儿,)"The False Crown Prince" (狸猫换太子,) — each performance drew enthusiastic response. That day I went to listen to opera, and what was being sung was precisely the famous Qinqiang play "The Tablet of Life and Death" (生死牌,), which tells of three daughters sacrificing themselves to save their father. Below, the stage was densely packed with elderly men and women sitting, and they listened as if intoxicated, as if drunk (如痴如醉, ru chi ru zui - "as if intoxicated, as if drunk"); when the play reached the line "Commander He, flaunting his tyranny, allows no argument; at the fifth watch, Yu Huan is to be beheaded, no delay permitted," one could intermittently also hear their comments on the plot: this girl, to save her father, disregards her own life — truly not easy; in those days, for those in office who wanted to enforce the law strictly, it was simply too hard. The audience, thus, listened to the opera lines on one hand, discussed their feelings on the other, delighting in it, and until the opera ended, long unwilling to leave.
Qinqiang, this ancient theatrical form — why, a thousand years later, does it still attract people, arousing their attention and heated discussion? There are, of course, many reasons, but among them the most important, perhaps, is its intense vocal style characterized by the "bitter tone" (苦音,,) which roars out the pent-up frustration in one's heart, sings out the grievances in one's chest, and it has always accompanied ordinary people in both joy and suffering. Among the historical stories Qinqiang performs, there is no shortage of emperors, kings, generals, and ministers, but more of them tell the lives of ordinary people — whether it be misfortune in marriage, or unfilial children, or being cast into unjust imprisonment, family members separated — they are not merely theatrical stories, but also reflect people's emotional pursuits. The audience empathizes with the joys and sorrows of the dramatic characters, feels the changes of the times, and also experiences the cathartic release of emotions
The content of Qinqiang plays is extremely rich; from the widely known repertory, it is not difficult to discover that, within the bizarre and convoluted plots, there is embodied a supreme pursuit of the true, the good, and the beautiful. There are quite a few Qinqiang historical plays whose theme is suffering wrongful injustice and unremitting struggle; in the excerpt from "Rouge" (胭脂,,) Wu Nandai sits in the back hall, his heart melancholy, singing, "Settling accumulated cases, one cannot help but be heartbroken and gut-wrenched"; the deep vocal style and somber melody express people's longing for justice;in "The Injustice to Dou E" (窦娥冤,,) Dou E sings mournfully, "For no reason I violated imperial law and suffered punishment; I cry out loudly my grievance, shaking heaven and earth. Gods and ghosts, it turns out, are neither efficacious nor responsive; sun and moon, why must you hang high day and night" — the grief-laden lyrics and plaintive tunes display the wrongful suffering and injustice borne by kind people. As the dramatic plot unfolds through its twists and turns, in the end the wicked receive punishment, and justice is upheld. Scene after scene, cry after cry, lashes false, ugly, and evil, extols loyalty, filial piety, and righteousness, and imperceptibly molds the values of ordinary people
In the 1940s, Qinqiang also underwent the baptism of revolutionary culture. After the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art was convened, the broad masses of Qinqiang artists deeply realized the important role that the ancient Qinqiang could play in serving the revolution and serving the people, actively promoted theatrical reform, and created new plays such as "Blood and Tears of Grievance" (血泪仇,,) which, by telling the stories of ordinary people suffering oppression and injustice in the old society, and of them, under the leadership of the Communist Party, participating in the construction of the liberated areas, receiving land and grain, and beginning a new life, educated the masses and inspired the masses. These new plays, close to the times, were warmly welcomed by the common people
The reason Qinqiang is deeply beloved by ordinary people — its performance form is an important factor. When Qinqiang troupes perform in various places, scenes of so popular that streets and alleys are emptied of people (万人空巷,, wan ren kong xiang - "ten thousand people, empty alleys") frequently appear; actors on stage perform with total devotion, and the audience below howls along, laughing and weeping together. Qinqiang, originating in the Shaanxi-Gansu region, is said to be traceable as far back as the "Qin sound" of the Qin Dynasty, and by the Ming Dynasty fixed qupai lyrics appeared, gradually developing into its mature form. Whether it be the early "Qin sound," or the mature, reformed Qinqiang, it has always been the opera of the common people themselves, condensing the joys and sorrows of the lives of our forebears, dissolved into their daily routines
Qinqiang performances can take place on a splendid stage, but more often they are in the countryside, on public squares, within people's everyday lives. In formal performances, interaction between stage and audience is frequent;in parks, beneath city walls, in the fields, among the mountains, every person may become a "leading role" of Qinqiang — no need for deliberate affectation, only a cry emanating from the essence of life itself. Encountering a happy event in life, he sings "Dragon and Phoenix Bring Auspiciousness" (龙凤呈祥,,)"Meeting at the Flower Pavilion" (花亭相会,,)"Carrying the Bridal Sedan Chair" (抬花轿,,,) with lyrics "A person meeting a joyful occasion feels spirited and refreshed." Encountering worries and difficulties, he sings "Diao Chan Worshipping the Moon" (貂蝉拜月,,)"Wandering West Lake" (游西湖,,)"A Mother's Tears" (慈母泪,,,) with lyrics "Raising my head, I gaze at the azure sky; why must the human world suffer heartbreak unto the breaking of one's intestines?" Or perhaps the gunbai (recitative) "My heaven, my lord above... how can you not ache this mother's heart unto ruin!" Encountering a blessing, there is also the lyric from "Blood and Tears of Grievance" extolling the new life in the liberated areas: "No worry about food, no worry about drink, no worry about clothing; the Communist Party, for the people, plans down to every inch." Those cries, one after another, sing out the voices of ordinary people beneath the Qinling Mountains and on the Loess Plateau — life's chants laden with life experience
What does Qinqiang sing? It sings stories of a mixture of both joy and sorrow (悲喜交集,, bei xi jiao ji - "sorrow, joy, intersect together");it sings, in the face of life's hardship and toil, the struggles, efforts, and refusal to yield of ordinary people;it sings, upon encountering life's joys and blessings, the unrestrained revelry, celebration, and lack of reticence of ordinary people. Qinqiang, integrated into life, vividly proclaims the Chinese people's unique resilience of life and magnanimous attitude.
Return to TopBy: 陆维玲
“To keep the heart pure is the foundation of governance; to follow the straight path is the principle of self-cultivation. A fine trunk will in the end become a beam; fine steel will not be made into a hook. When the granary is full, rats and sparrows rejoice; when the grass is gone, the rabbits and foxes grieve. The history books contain admonitions handed down from the past; do not leave shame for those who come after.” This five-character-regulated-verse poem titled “Inscription on the Wall of the Duanzhou Prefectural Office” (《书端州郡斋壁》) was written by Bao Zheng, a famous official of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the poem, the joy and grief of rats, sparrows, rabbits, and foxes serve as a contrast to highlight the quality of “keeping the heart pure,” while the making of fine trunks and fine steel gives expression to the aspiration of“following the straight path,” manifesting Bao Zheng’s ambition and character. The Collected Memorials of Lord Bao Xiaosu, compiled by the Song-dynasty scholar Zhang Tian, contains most of Bao Zheng’s memorials from throughout his life, and their content embodies in concentrated form Bao Zheng’s incorruptible character of“keeping the heart pure”and“following the straight path,”as well as his political propositions.
Keeping the heart pure is the foundation of governance. Correcting one’s thinking is the root of official administration. According to the History of the Song Dynasty, Biography of Bao Zheng, while serving as Acting Prefect of Kaifeng Prefecture, Acting Chief Censor, Prefect of Duanzhou, and other posts, Bao Zheng refused bribes and judged cases with remarkable acuity, earning deep admiration from the people. He hated corrupt officials deeply and hated evil as if it were one’s own enemy (嫉恶如仇, ji e ru chou - "jeer, like, as, enemy"), demonstrating his firm stance of clean governance. In his memorial“Requesting an Out-of-Capital Posting,” he stated his personal aspiration:“I privately admire the conduct of the ancients, know the proper way of serving one’s sovereign and conducting oneself, and have the duty of exhausting loyalty and dying for righteousness. I firmly hold to my long-standing principles, hoping to follow them diligently.” In“Requesting That Corrupt Officials Not Be Employed,” he sharply proposed:“I have heard that the incorruptible official is the model of the people; the corrupt official is the thief of the people.” Throughout his life, Bao Zheng served as an official with frugality and integrity, acquiring no private property and seeking no private gain, winning the hearts of the people deeply, and therefore enjoying an extremely high reputation. The Jiaqing-era Hefei County Gazetteer of the Qing Dynasty records that“lotus roots from the Bao Family River are considered the finest.” According to tradition, in his later years, Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty bestowed upon Bao Zheng a section of the moat of Luzhou Prefecture, which later became known as the“Bao River.” His clansmen planted lotus there, which grew into lotus roots with large holes and distinct segments. Bao Gong ordered his family to establish a rule that the lotus roots could only be used to aid the people. Among the people, it is said that these lotus roots have very few fibers, taking the homophone“no fibers”(wusi) for“selfless”(wusi), thereby symbolizing Bao Gong’s iron-faced and selfless, incorruptible and self-disciplined official conduct. Inside the Bao Gong Shrine in Hefei, there is an ancient well. A Qing-dynasty figure, Li Guoheng, wrote an essay“Record of the Pavilion over the Well at Xianghuadun,” sighing:“Those who are not incorruptible, when they drink from this well, will they get headaches?” Hence people also call this ancient well the“Lianquan Well”(Well of the Incorruptible Spring.
Following the straight path is the principle of self-cultivation. Regarding Bao Zheng’s conduct in personal dealings, histories such as the History of the Song Dynasty, Biography of Bao Zheng, all offer assessments:“Bao Zheng’s temperament was steep and upright; he hated harsh governance by officials and strove for honesty and generosity”“He did not go along with others carelessly, did not use false words or expressions to please people, and in ordinary times had no private correspondence; therefore old friends and relatives all severed ties with him.” The Collected Memorials of Lord Bao Xiaosu, compiled by Bao Zheng’s disciple Zhang Tian, originally contained 171 memorials; after modern scholars collected lost pieces, collated, and edited them, atotal of 187 memorials was obtained. Throughout these memorials, petitions, and submitted statements, one can see Bao Zheng’s far-sightedness and sense of responsibility in governing the country and securing peace. Bao Zheng either criticized official governance, advocating strict rewards and punishments and the appointment of worthy and capable men; or concerned himself with the hardships of the people’s livelihoods, calling for light corvée labor and reduced taxes and for disaster relief; or worried about border defense dangers, offering proposals to repair military preparedness and consolidate territorial integrity. In“Again Requesting the Selection of Fiscal Intendants and Judicial Intendants,” Bao Zheng proposed:“I also request that persons of proven ability, fairness, integrity, and incorruptibility be selected to fill these posts, without limiting the appointment by depth of seniority; then every circuit will gain the right men, and officials will have cause for awe and fear.” Bao Zheng served as Investigating Censor and Remonstrance Official of the Bureau of Remonstrance; during his tenure in the Censorate and Remonstrance Bureau, his impeachments of corrupt officials were well-grounded, reasoned, fair, and selfless. According to research by modern scholars, among Bao Zheng’s extant memorials, 55 criticize figures of the current dynasty, involving more than 60 officials. Bao Zheng submitted memorials six times impeaching the powerful relative Zhang Yaozuo, denouncing him asto receive benefits without having rendered any service (无功受禄, wu gong shou lu - "no, merit, receive, salary") and shameless beyond measure——“truly the filth of the pure dynasty, the goblins of broad daylight”——and urging Emperor Renzong not to indulge private favor, but should“decide by great righteousness, slightly set aside personal affection, and revoke the excessive favors bestowed upon Yaozuo.” In“Impeaching Song Xiang,” Bao Zheng accused Chancellor Song Xiang:“For seven years from beginning to end, he has produced no constructive proposals and rendered no service in return, but merely sits idly holding his salary,to occupy a position without merit and live off public resources (窃位素餐, qie wei su can - "steal, position, plain, eat"), complacent and self-satisfied, regarding this as the best policy.” He considered the conduct of this kind of“peace-time official” utterly shameful, and advised Emperor Renzong:“The chief ministers share the same body with the state; if they cannot devote heart and exhaust integrity, and establish themselves conspicuously, this is called fault, and they ought properly to be dismissed.” Throughout his official career, Bao Zheng always maintained his true colors of integrity and uprightness, renowned throughout court and country for following the straight path and acting straightforwardly. The History of the Song Dynasty, Biography of Bao Zheng, records:“Bao Zheng stood in court stern and resolute; noble relatives and eunuchs all restrained themselves because of him, and those who heard of him all feared him. People compared a smile from Bao Zheng to the Yellow River turning clear; even children and women knew his name, calling him‘Lord Bao of the Remonstrance Bureau.’ The capital had a saying about him:‘No connections can get through; there is Yama Bao, the old man.’”
The history books contain admonitions handed down from the past; do not do things that bring shame upon later generations. Bao Zheng was not only incorruptible and self-disciplined himself, but also passed down a good family tradition. According to the History of the Song Dynasty, Biography of Bao Zheng, after Bao Zheng passed the imperial examination, he was appointed to govern Jianchang County. Because his parents were advanced in age, he declined the post and did not assume it; the court instead appointed him Supervisor of the Hezhou Tax Office. His parents still would not accompany him to his post, so Bao Zheng resolutely resigned from office and returned home, staying at home to attend upon his parents. After his parents passed away one after another, Bao Zheng built a hut beside their graves and observed mourning there; only after being urged by the elders of his native village did he answer the summons and return to official service. After Bao Zheng passed away, the Song court conferred upon him the posthumous title“Xiaosu”(Filial and Solemn. In Hefei, Kaifeng, Zhaoqing, and other places, Bao Gong Shrines and Bao Gong Temples have been built, and people from all over often go there to pay homage to him. On the wall of the main hall of the Bao Gong Shrine, there is a stone inscription, upon which is carved the“Bao Zheng Family Instruction,” called by later generations“the strictest family instruction in history,” which states:“Descendants who serve as officials, if any commit crimes of corruption or malfeasance, shall not be allowed to return to the family home; after death, they shall not be buried in the ancestral graveyard. Those who do not follow my will are not my descendants.” According to excavated epitaph records, Bao Zheng’s second son Bao Shou and his adopted grandson Bao Yongnian, wherever they served, both strictly adhered to the family instruction, remaining incorruptible, diligent, and self-disciplined; hence the Bao Zheng family was also praised as“loyal worthy generals and ministers, virtuous and moral renowned clan.” Ouyang Xiu, in his“Memorial Discussing Bao Zheng’s Appointment as Commissioner of the Three Fiscal Bureaus,” criticized certain aspects of Bao Zheng’s way of handling matters, but still assessed him objectively:“In youth he had filial conduct, renowned in his native village; in later years he had upright integrity, conspicuous at court.” Sima Guang, in his Records of Things Heard by the Su River, called Bao Zheng:“Having passed the imperial examination, he served his aged parents, did not hold office for nearly ten years, and people praised his filial piety.” His colleague Wu Kui praised him:“He exhausted his strength for his parents, and wore himself out for his sovereign.” Bao Zheng’s“Xiaosu family tradition” has been widely eulogized by later generations.
Return to Top