Summary: At the National Science and Technology Awards Conference on July 8, 2026, General Secretary Xi Jinping stated that the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering must shoulder the duties and missions of national strategic scientific and technological forces. The article argues that these forces are the "vanguard" in seizing scientific frontiers, the "main force" in achieving high-level self-reliance, the "ballast stone" in responding to the scientific and technological game between major powers, and the "pillar" in leading engineering innovation. It outlines core tasks including breakthroughs in key core technologies, strengthening basic research, integrating scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation, and building high-level talent teams. The Chinese Academy of Engineering will fully exert its role, strengthen the construction of the academician team, deepen scientific and technological cooperation, and contribute stronger engineering scientific and technological forces to Chinese modernization.
Summary: The article is a signed piece by the Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Chairman of China Huadian, arguing that central energy enterprises must establish a correct view of political achievements guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping's expositions. It details how China Huadian's Party Leadership Group anchors itself to energy security, green development, SOE reform, and rural revitalization, applying scientific methods that balance overall and regional interests, visible and latent achievements, integrity and innovation, and history and reality. The piece highlights the company's efforts in new energy development, computing-power-and-electricity coordination, and independently controllable power industrial control systems. It concludes by emphasizing the need for firm ideals, following objective laws, maintaining a spirit of struggle, and upholding integrity and self-discipline to create achievements that withstand the tests of practice, the people, and history.
Summary: The article discusses the need for leading cadres to correctly handle the relationship between calculating the big account and the small account, as outlined by General Secretary Xi Jinping. It argues that while the big account involves strategic planning and the overall situation, the small account concerns meticulous implementation, and that cadres must integrate local work into the broader national chessboard. The piece criticizes cadres who prioritize departmental or local interests, engage in selective implementation, or focus on short-term gains, stating such behavior stems from insufficient political positioning and a deviation in the view of political achievements. It emphasizes that the big account and the small account are mutually dependent, and that implementing policies like the new development philosophy and building a unified national market requires breaking down local protectionism. Ultimately, leading cadres must be down-to-earth, embodying this balance in every policy implementation to contribute to advancing Chinese modernization.
Summary: The article emphasizes that the world is undergoing accelerating transformation, with hegemonism, unilateralism, and protectionism acting against the prevailing trend, while most countries reject power politics and desire development through international cooperation. It notes that the Global South has grown remarkably, driving a profound readjustment in the balance of international forces, making the trend toward a multipolar world irreversible.
Summary: President Xi Jinping's late-August to early-September 2026 journey to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in Bishkek and state visits to Kyrgyzstan and Egypt opened a series of head-of-state diplomacy agendas, including the BRICS summit, the APEC Shenzhen meeting, and the G20 summit. The article highlights his strategic guidance across major-country, neighboring, and developing-country relations, citing the China-Russia partnership, constructive strategic stability with the United States, and treaties with neighbors. It emphasizes the growing "circle of friends," with diplomatic relations rising from 172 to 183 countries, and the trend of countries "looking east" and "aligning with China." The piece also details initiatives like the Global Development, Security, Civilization, and Governance Initiatives, the Belt and Road's achievements, and China's unilateral zero-tariff treatment for African and least developed countries.
Summary: The article analyzes global deep-sea resource governance in 2026, framing it as a critical period of strategic competition as the UN biodiversity agreement enters into force and the International Seabed Authority intensifies mining rule consultations. It highlights a new governance landscape marked by diversified actors, including commercial enterprises like The Metals Company and an industry alliance refusing deep-sea minerals, alongside a camp-ization of models where the United States, having bypassed the International Seabed Authority via executive order and bilateral cooperation with Japan, contrasts with the European Union's push for a precautionary pause. The drivers of this competition are traced to the energy transition's surging demand for strategic minerals, the strategic contest over maritime order, and the inefficiency of multilateral mechanisms like the stalled seven-year negotiations. The article projects trends toward accelerated rule finalization by the end of 2026, strengthened ecological constraints, and a long-term coexistence of cooperation and competition among major powers that will evolve into an inclusive governance system.
Summary: The article discusses the importance of strict discipline in governing the Communist Party of China, framing it as a core element of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building. It traces the Party's historical emphasis on discipline from its founding through various periods, highlighting key documents and principles such as the "two musts" and "four subordinations." Since the 18th National Congress, the Party Central Committee has strengthened discipline by revising regulations, emphasizing political discipline as paramount, and enforcing the "four forms" of supervision. The article concludes that strict discipline remains essential for Party unity and for advancing Chinese modernization, providing institutional guarantees for encouraging responsible action among Party members.
Summary: The article examines recent cases of Party members and leading cadres punished for abuse of power, using power for personal gain, and power rent-seeking, citing examples such as Xu Wenrong and Yang Haibo. It outlines manifestations of such misconduct, relevant legal provisions, and the systemic risks it poses to the Party's governing foundation. The piece attributes the problem to sliding ideals, supervision blind spots, and unhealthy political ecosystems. It concludes by advocating for strengthened ideological education, institutional constraints, supervision, and accountability to govern the issue.
Summary: The article emphasizes that strict discipline is fundamental to full and rigorous Party self-governance, serving as the "yardstick" for the Party and its members. It highlights Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, which prioritizes governing the whole Party with strict discipline to address both symptoms and root causes, ensuring unity of will and action amid complex domestic and international situations. The piece underscores taking the "Two Establishments" and "Two Upholds" as primary political discipline, safeguarding the Party Central Committee's authority, and eliminating "double-faced persons" violating political discipline. It calls for integrating discipline enforcement with law enforcement, advancing normalization of Party discipline education, focusing on the "key minority," and accurately applying the "four forms" to balance accountability with protection, promoting cadre responsibility while maintaining integrity.
Summary: During the the Yan'an period, the Communist Party of China treated revolutionary literature and art as part of the entire revolutionary cause, strengthening organizational leadership, anchoring the direction of serving the people, and guiding literature and art to take root in practice. Mao Zedong, at the founding meeting of the Chinese Literary and Art Association in 1936, stressed the need for a cultural army alongside the military, and later at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art in 1942, clarified that literature and art must serve the workers, peasants, and soldiers, establishing the fundamental question of for whom. After the Forum, literary and artistic workers went to the countryside, factories, and troops, integrating with the masses, giving rise to the New Yangge Movement and works such as "The White-Haired Girl,"" while the masses themselves became participants in literary and artistic creation. The Party's leadership during this period opened a new path for literature and art serving revolutionary struggle and base area construction, leaving a profound mark on modern literary history.
Summary: The article highlights a hand-drawn *Sketch Map of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area*, created by the Political Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment on September ber 29, 1935, and preserved in the Gansu Provincial Archives. It serves as a historical witness to the Long March's final stop, documenting the Bangluo Town Meeting's major strategic decision to fix northern Shaanxi as the foothold for the Party Central Committee and the Red Army. The map, drawn based on wartime needs and collected newspaper materials, presented the Soviet Area's scope, guerrilla zones, and communication routes, becoming an important material for political education and march navigation. The article emphasizes that the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area was the "the only one remaining" complete revolutionary base area, providing a solid position for the exhausted Red Army and a strategic platform for leading the national revolution. The archival map fully displays the wartime revolutionary character of seeking truth from facts, corroborating the core location of the Soviet Area and providing invaluable first-hand historical materials.
Summary: The article is a signed piece by the Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Chairman of China Huadian, arguing that central energy enterprises must establish a correct view of political achievements guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping's expositions. It details how China Huadian's Party Leadership Group anchors itself to energy security, green development, SOE reform, and rural revitalization, applying scientific methods that balance overall and regional interests, visible and latent achievements, integrity and innovation, and history and reality. The piece highlights the company's efforts in new energy development, computing-power-and-electricity coordination, and independently controllable power industrial control systems. It concludes by emphasizing the need for firm ideals, following objective laws, maintaining a spirit of struggle, and upholding integrity and self-discipline to create achievements that withstand the tests of practice, the people, and history.
Summary: At a symposium on strengthening basic research, General Secretary Xi Jinping stated that "basic research is the source of the entire scientific system and the master switch for all technological problems," emphasizing that the roots of innovation barriers lie in insufficient basic research. The article elaborates that basic research has source-driven and transmission-and-linkage effects, requiring transformation from laboratories into industrial strength, while acknowledging gaps such as scarce original achievements, weak disciplines, insufficient funding, and unsmooth linkages. It calls for strengthening systematic layout, increasing fiscal investment, promoting the spirit of scientists, and adhering to "pursuing two different methods or approaches simultaneously" regarding free exploration and goal orientation. The piece concludes that amid global scientific competition, China must aim at world frontiers, make the "first move," and grasp the "master switch" to build a solid foundation for a powerful country in science and technology.
Summary: The article reviews the newly published oral-history book *General Secretary Xi Jinping Led the Battle Against Poverty*, which documents China's poverty alleviation campaign through firsthand narratives. It highlights how the book transforms policy terms like the "six precise" and "five batches" into vivid grassroots stories, showcasing the practical logic of targeted poverty alleviation. The review emphasizes the book's role in deepening research on the anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics and constructing an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. It also underscores the spiritual character of "people foremost" embodied by General Secretary Xi Jinping's leadership and the sacrifices of over 1,800 comrades who died during the campaign. The article concludes that the book serves as a living textbook for educating Party members and inspiring ongoing rural revitalization efforts.
Summary: Yuri Tavrovsky, vice president of the Russia-China Friendship Association, argues in his book *China's New Era: Origins, Process, and Achievements* that the new era marks a new historical stage for China, rooted in the strategic vision of the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. He credits President Xi Jinping with dividing the road to the Chinese Dream into two stages and formulating the "Two Centenary Goals," emphasizing that this vision, unlike individual success, relies on collective struggle and a spiritual value system grounded in Chinese traditional culture. Tavrovsky highlights the new era's theoretical innovations, including the "new normal," "law-based government," and "Belt and Road Initiative," which he says form a complete system of innovation, making the new era a reality. He praises China's practical achievements, particularly the battle against poverty as a miracle in human history, and the "Belt and Road Initiative" as providing a cooperation model that, unlike Western-dominated approaches, respects sovereignty and achieves mutual benefits. He concludes that China's development model, relying on its own system, offers a referable new path for developing countries, proving the feasibility of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Summary: General Secretary Xi Jinping is quoted emphasizing that "a classic teacher is easy to find, but a teacher of people is hard to come by," and that teachers must "transmit the Way," not merely impart knowledge and resolve doubts, especially as artificial intelligence reshapes education. The article cites examples of "People's Educator" Yu Yi and "National Model of Teaching and Educating People" Wang Jinquan to argue that AI cannot replace the soul-casting, value-guiding role of "teachers of people." It contends that while AI can handle knowledge delivery, teachers must focus on emotional needs, personality shaping, and educational relationships, with normal universities urged to cultivate educators who integrate technology while upholding the spirit of fostering virtue. The piece concludes that the more AI develops, the more indispensable "teachers of people" become in guiding values and shaping character for the nation's rejuvenation.
Summary: The article argues that building a modern competition system is central to becoming a sporting power, requiring a shift from fragmented events to a systematic, open, and connected national framework. It emphasizes unified planning, vertical and horizontal coordination, and dynamic adjustment for emerging disciplines, while reforming professional leagues through clearer governance, financial supervision, and diversified revenue models. The piece calls for leveraging the National Games as a strategic platform and ensuring competitions serve broader goals like youth development, industry growth, regional coordination, and cultural promotion. It concludes that a mature, Chinese-characteristic competition system will inject momentum into accelerating the building of a sporting power and advancing Chinese modernization. The author is identified as Vice President of the Capital Institute of Physical Education.
Summary: The article reflects on Confucius's saying, "If the gentleman is not dignified, he will not inspire awe," from the *Analects*, interpreting it as a guide to self-cultivation in the digital age. It elaborates on five aspects: dignified self-possession, earnest study, loyalty and trustworthiness, careful friendship, and courage to correct faults, drawing on historical examples like Fan Zhongyan, Wang Xizhi, Ji Bu, and Lian Po. The piece argues that true majesty stems from inner principles, not external status, and that in an era of information overload, one must remain steady and discerning. It emphasizes that learning requires depth over convenience, and that loyalty and trustworthiness are crucial amid virtual interactions. The article concludes that these virtues interpenetrate, forming the solid foundation of gentlemanly character, enabling one to stand firm in a complex world.
Summary: Ta Kung Pao, founded in 1902, underwent a six-relocation expedition during the War of Resistance, moving from Tianjin to Shanghai, Hankou, Hong Kong, Chongqing, and Guilin to avoid publishing under Japanese occupation. The newspaper adjusted its editorial policy to "know shame, teach war" after the September 18 Incident, and its reporters filed exclusive scoops on the Japanese attack. When the Japanese sought to inspect proofs in Shanghai, the paper chose suspension over submission, declaring "we are Chinese, running a Chinese paper — first, no surrender; second, no humiliation." Throughout the war, it persisted in publishing despite bombings and relocations, and in 1941 received an honorary medal from the University of Missouri's School of Journalism for its influential war reporting.
Summary: The article examines Chinese porcelain fragments unearthed at the Fustat site in Cairo as evidence of the ancient maritime Silk Road's two-way trade between China and Egypt, detailing the routes and goods exchanged. It highlights that over 12,000 fragments spanning the Tang to Qing dynasties were found, demonstrating Chinese porcelain's popularity and influence on Egyptian and Islamic ceramic production. The piece describes how Arab merchants transported Chinese goods westward via ports like Quanzhou and Quseir, while spices, glassware, and knowledge flowed eastward, enriching both civilizations. It concludes that this exchange constitutes a thousand-year testament to China-Egypt friendly relations, linking the past to the present-day China-Egypt comprehensive strategic partnership.
Summary: At the National Science and Technology Awards Conference on July 8, 2026, General Secretary Xi Jinping stated that the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering must shoulder the duties and missions of national strategic scientific and technological forces. The article argues that these forces are the "vanguard" in seizing scientific frontiers, the "main force" in achieving high-level self-reliance, the "ballast stone" in responding to the scientific and technological game between major powers, and the "pillar" in leading engineering innovation. It outlines core tasks including breakthroughs in key core technologies, strengthening basic research, integrating scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation, and building high-level talent teams. The Chinese Academy of Engineering will fully exert its role, strengthen the construction of the academician team, deepen scientific and technological cooperation, and contribute stronger engineering scientific and technological forces to Chinese modernization.
Summary: The Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance) held its 2026 Teachers' Day commendation and celebration conference on September 10, with Xie Chuntao, Executive Vice President (Executive Vice Dean) in charge of day-to-day work, attending and delivering a speech. The conference commended advanced collectives and individuals for contributions in teaching and think-tank innovation work, presenting various awards including Teaching Innovation Achievement Awards and "Two Excellences, One Advanced" titles. In his speech, Xie Chuntao, on behalf of President (Dean) Cai Qi, extended greetings and congratulations, stating that over the past year the School has adhered to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as its fundamental guideline and made new progress in various aspects. He emphasized achievements were obtained under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinpingat its core, urging efforts to temper Party spirit, make resolute progress, and strictly discipline oneself to promote high-quality development. Award winners and a trainee representative also spoke, with approximately 1,200 faculty, staff, and contract personnel representatives attending.
Summary: The Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Party School (Institute of Administration) has advanced organized scientific research through "Five Focuses"—disciplines, themes, outcomes, resources, and services—to pursue intension-based development. It has defined five key disciplines and 15 focused fields, led by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, centering on topics such as the modern people's city and the construction of the "five centers." The school promotes theme focusing on systematic research of Xi Jinping Thought, outcome focusing to establish a quality-oriented research orientation, resource focusing via the Marxist theory innovation project, and service focusing through a coordinated mechanism for teaching, research, and consultation. Through these efforts, it has improved its organized scientific research system, opened up transformation channels among theoretical research, classroom teaching, and decision-making consultation, and better empowered cadre education and high-quality economic and social development.
Summary: Liang Yanshun, Secretary of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee, emphasized during an inspection at the Party School of the Jieshou Municipal Party Committee that it is necessary to thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building and Xi Jinping's important expositions on Party school work, uphold the principle that Party schools are run by the Party, bear in mind the original aspiration of Party schools, and continuously raise the level of school-running and governance of Party schools. He went deep into dormitories, the auditorium, classrooms,and other venues to understand the school's development history,teaching and research,and other situations, saying that Party schools are the main front for educationand training of Party membersand cadres,and that it is necessary to uphold quality in running schools,constantly enrich teaching contentand forms,serve with heartand with feeling,and create a good environment for teachers to devote themselves wholehearted to academic studiesand for students to study with full concentration. Liang Yanshun emphasized that the cause of Party schools occupies an important position in the cause of the Party and the state, and that Party schools at all levels across the province must firmly grasp the correct political direction, make explaining fully and accurately, deeply and thoroughly, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era the top priority,and in particular take the leadand walk at the forefront in studying deeplyand comprehending thoroughly, researching, publicizing, explaining,and applying what one has learned regarding Xi Jinping's thought on Party building. He stressed the need to closely focus on cultivating talents for the Party to improve teaching standards, offer distinctive coursesand case-based courses,promote Party membersand cadres—especially leading cadres newly promoted after leadership transitions—to firmly establishand practice a correct view of political achievements,improve political quality,and enhance abilityand competence,as well as to closely focus on offering counsel for the Party to improve theoretical researchand decision-making consulting capabilities. Party committees at all levels must conscientiously implement their primary responsibility, fulfill their dutiesand responsibilities in grasping direction, overall coordination, building strong leadership teams,and advancing work,while Party schools at all levels must strengthen their own construction,do well in building leadership teams,leading the ranks,and managing students,strictly implement the responsibility system for ideological work,strictly advance the construction of work styleand discipline,and promote the comprehensive progress of the cause of Party schools.
Summary: The Zhejiang Provincial Party School was approved to establish a national-level postdoctoral research workstation, marking its first national-level platform for scientific research innovation and talent cultivation. Since 2023, it has recruited 17 postdoctoral researchers and published 26 papers in CSSCI journals. The school has implemented a strategy of strengthening the school through talent, building a "one body, two wings" pattern of talent development. The approval acknowledges its scientific research strength and provides platform support for gathering high-caliber talent. The school will continue to practice its original aspiration of "cultivating talent for the Party and offering counsel for the Party" to support its high-quality development.
Summary: Wang Junzheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Principal (Dean) of the Party School, attended the opening ceremony for the 2026 autumn semester and delivered a speech. He emphasized firmly implementing General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on work in Tibet and the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the new era, promoting lasting peace and order and high-quality development. He stressed studying Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, embodying results in fulfilling political responsibility, and leading cadres must achieve loyalty, integrity, and responsibility. He also addressed normalizing study on establishing a correct view of political achievements, selecting cadres by ability, and carrying it through lasting peace and order and high-quality development. The ceremony included nearly 400 attendees, including trainees from six main training classes, and began with a moment of silence for those lost in the mudslide disaster in Gyirong County.
Summary: Wang Xinfu, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, head of its Organization Department, and president of the Party School (School of Administration) of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region, attended and delivered a speech at the opening ceremony for the 2026 autumn semester. He pointed out that this year marks the year of leadership transitions at five levels, and that the tenure of the new leading bodies is highly aligned with the 15th Five-Year Plan, shouldering the heavy responsibility of achieving its goals. He stressed the need to thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, establish a correct view of political achievements, grasp dialectical relationships, and cultivate Party spirit, consciously "stand on the Tiananmen Rostrum" to contemplate Guangxi's work. He urged transforming planning ideas into concrete measures, striving to become pioneers adept at leading the charge, and writing the Guangxi chapter of Chinese modernization. The Baise Cadre Academy of Guangxi and the Party Schools of municipal Party committees participated via video conference.
Summary: The Dalian Municipal Party Committee Party School has developed a special high-quality course on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, following the city's campaign deployment and guidance from the Municipal Party Committee's campaign work special class. The course development involved precise topic selection, deep refinement, and integration of learning with application, with teachers studying General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses and conducting needs research at the front line of Dalian's "Two Pioneering Zones" construction. The "refinement" process included collective tackling of key problems, expert guidance from the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, quality control by school leaders, and review by the special class, focusing on Party spirit analysis and strict language standards. As of the 2026 spring semester, the course had been taught in 18 main class sessions, with nearly 70 special lectures reaching nearly 10,000 cadres and the masses, integrating learning with application through psychological practical training, on-site teaching, trainee forums, and return-visit research.
Summary: The Party School of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee held its second (expanded) meeting of 2026 to summarize its study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, with Bai Hao, Vice President in Charge of Daily Operations, presiding and delivering a speech. The meeting stated that since the study was launched, the school has thoroughly studied Xi Jinping's thought on Party building and achieved its intended purpose, and it called for sustained efforts in strengthening theoretical arming, deepening rectification, shaping a better school spirit, and ensuring the consolidation of results. It also emphasized transforming results into driving force for fulfilling duties, deepening reform of teachingand research, building a strong frontline position for Party ideological work, establishing a firm orientation in selecting personnel, and promoting innovation to contribute to Chinese modernization's Shandong chapter. Members of the school's leading groupand relevant departments attended, with Yimeng Cadre Academy comrades attending via video.
Summary: The Sichuan Provincial Party School held a committee meeting to convey and study the spirit of the National Conference of Presidents (Deans) of Party Schools (Academies of Governance, with Executive Vice President Wang Jianjun presiding. The meeting emphasized the importance of General Secretary Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building and the conference's guidance for cadre education. It called for enhancing political positioning, building a first-class provincial Party school with Sichuan characteristics, and integrating the conference spirit into teaching, research, and consultation. The meeting also stressed strict governance of the school, strengthening team and discipline construction, and coordinating the development of Party schools at all levels across the province.
Summary: The Qinghai Provincial Party School organized a full-coverage provincial-conditions research activity across the province's 8 cities (prefectures), involving all teaching and research personnel. The school issued a notice clarifying objectives and methods, organizing 8 research groups to travel separately, while inviting city-level Party school teachers to participate in coordination. The groups employed methods such as symposium exchanges, on-site visits, and questionnaire surveys, focusing on key areas including industrial transformation, ecological protection, ethnic unity, rural revitalization, livelihood security, grassroots Party building, and social governance. The research aimed to update the provincial-conditions database, collect first-hand information, and form high-quality research reports to provide think-tank references for the provincial Party committee and provincial government. The results will be transformed into thematic teaching, case teaching, and on-site teaching to solve practical problems such as the insufficiently close integration of theoretical teaching with provincial actual conditions.
Summary: The Party School of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Party Committee held a special seminar on Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building for leading cadres at and above division level, with Hao Tong, Executive Vice President and Secretary of the Party Committee of the Organ, attending and delivering a speech. The seminar combined special guidance, self-study, and seminar exchange, including organized study of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building* and group discussions centered on the theme. The meeting emphasized that studying and implementing Xi Jinping's thought on Party building is the fundamental political task of the Party School, requiring leading by example from the top down, studying deeply and understanding thoroughly, and leveraging the exemplary role of the "key minority." It stressed focusing on principal responsibilities, deepening teaching, research, and consultation coordination, making the thought a key course in cadre education, and strengthening organized research. The meeting also called for solid work in Party building of the organ, consolidating the foundation, promoting integration with professional work, and embedding a correct view of political achievements throughout school administration.
Summary: General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that "educating talents for the Party is the unique value of Party schools," and the Party School of the CPC Hefei Municipal Committee has built a full-chain cadre training system centered on "focusing on what to learn, exploring how to learn, and ensuring learning is done well." The school has strengthened theoretical arming with courses on the Party's innovative theory accounting for 72% of total class hours in 2025, highlighted Party spirit casting the soul, and focused on capacity cultivation around the construction of the "seven kinds of capabilities." It has innovated teaching models by promoting classroom extension toward practice, benchmarking against advanced standards through exchange, and converging resources toward the cloud in online research-based learning, while strengthening training safeguards through deepened research, integrated teaching staff, and strict management. The author is the Executive Vice President (Vice President) of the Party School of the CPC Hefei Municipal Committee (National Academy of Governance) of Anhui Province.
Summary: The Party School of the Jining Municipal Party Committee in Shandong Province is building an organized, closed-loop decision-consulting research system to promote high-quality development of its think tank. It focuses on precise topic selection, quality improvement of consultative reports, joint research tackling, safeguards, coordinated synergy, and brand cultivation, achieving new historical highs in research output and leadership approvals. The school implements mechanisms such as a four-dimensional topic-generation process, a four-level review system, a trinity joint tackling system of "teachers + trainees + municipal-and-county synergy," and a "five-common" working mechanism for municipal-and-county coordination. It also strengthens safeguards through immediate funding, performance incentives, and high-end platform cooperation, while expanding influence via theoretical articles in provincial-level media.
Summary: The Party School of the CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional Committee has built a think-tank brand with Party School characteristics, constructing a full-cycle decision-making consultation service chain of "timely response — research first — multi-dimensional discussion — clustered submission." The "Thinker Think-Tank Workshop" was selected for the "Philosophy and Social Sciences Achievements Exhibition" of the National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences. The School anchors topic selection to major Party committee and government decisions, launching rapid-response research projects such as on artificial intelligence empowering the private economy. It insists on "research first," organizing teams to grassroots front lines for investigation, and builds a multi-dimensional exchange pattern of "Party School + departments," "autonomous regional Party School + city-and-county Party Schools," and"teachers + students." It adheres to selective submission of the best, improving countermeasure suggestions to submit for reference by leaders of higher-level Party committees, with the main leader of the Autonomous Regional Party Committee having made affirming instructions.
Summary: The article discusses how Wuchuan County in Inner Mongolia has utilized its red resources to enhance Party spirit education, centered on the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Base Area. It details a five-pronged approach, including consolidating red positions, innovating teaching models, polishing distinctive courses, tempering the teaching faculty, and opening up the education landscape through collaboration. The county has developed a "1+7+N" teaching model, created courses like "Children of the Green Mountains," and built a "one core, multiple points" education position matrix. It has also engaged in cooperation with China General Technology Group and Beijing's Mentougou District, expanding its educational reach. The author, identified as the Executive Vice President of the Party School of the Wuchuan County Committee of Hohhot City, concludes that these efforts aim to pass on the red gene and drive local prosperity.
Summary: Gu Yanwu's essay *Guang Shi* (Broadening the Teacher),), completed in 1678, systematically expounds his view of the Way of the Teacher, reflecting his scholarly attitude of incorporating diverse views and elements and applying knowledge to practical social needs. The essay was written because his friend Wang Tiaowen had lavishly praised him, prompting Gu Yanwu to list ten contemporaries—including Wang Yinxu, Yang Xuechen, Zhang Jiruo, Fu Qingzhu, and others—declaring himself inferior to each in specific scholarly strengths, thereby embodying his modest and broadly receptive mind. Gu Yanwu's view of the teacher's way, building on the ideas of Confucius, Xunzi, the *Record of Learning*, and Han Yu, shifts the qualifications of the teacher from status toward strengths, the path of learning from passive acceptance toward active discovery, and combines self-confidence with candor, drawing on the strengths of many people while mastering various aspects and integrating them into a whole. The essay also implicitly reflects the spirit of the adherent of the fallen dynasty, as the scholars listed were largely Ming loyalists who upheld moral integrity through scholarship, and Gu Yanwu declined the Qing court's summons to take the Boxue Hongru examination. Later scholars such as Chen Kangqi, Ping Buqing, and Liang Qichao have esteemed the essay, with Liang calling Gu Yanwu the "founding patriarch of Qing scholarship" and "not only a classical teacher, but also a teacher of men."
Summary: The article is a descriptive travelogue of Kuanzhai Alley in Chengdu, detailing its 300-year history from the Qing Dynasty's Mancheng to its present-day blend of old courtyards and new shops. It contrasts the Wide Alley's traditional wooden houses and wood carvings with the Narrow Alley's trendy stalls and crafts, and highlights the Well Alley's juxtaposition of old brick carvings against designer goods. The piece reflects on how the alley's "wide" and"narrow" qualities symbolize life's openness and seclusion, and concludes that all visitors merge into its everyday warmth.
Summary: The article commemorates the renowned writer Malqinhu, who passed away on September 1, 2026, at the age of 97, and reflects on his creation of the lyrics for "Meeting at the Oboo," a song that became a shared memory for several generations. The author recounts a visit to Bayan Hushuu Oboo Mountain in the Ewenki Autonomous Banner, the birthplace of the song, where the film "People on the Grassland" was shot on location. The article details how Malqinhu wrote the lyrics based on his grassland life experience, with music adapted by the Daur musician Tongfu from a Mongolian folk song, and how the song spread across the country despite containing no explicit words for "love." It also explains the meaning of "oboo" as a sacred stone pile and sacrificial custom of the Mongolian, Ewenki, and Daur peoples. The piece concludes that the song, crossing time and space, carries people's wishes that lovers will finally be united in marriage.
By: 中国工程院党组书记、院长 张玉卓
On July 8, 2026, at the National Science and Technology Awards Conference, the Joint Conference of Academicians of the Two Academies, and the Eleventh National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, as the highest academic institutions in China's scientific and technological community and engineering and technological community, must shoulder the duties and missions of national strategic scientific and technological forces and scientific and technological think tanks, unite the national scientific and technological community to grasp the direction of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, and bravely scale the world's scientific peaks. The Chinese Academy of Engineering has deeply studied and implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech, consciously shouldered the duties and missions of national strategic scientific and technological forces, led the vast number of academicians to cherish honors, forge ahead with diligence and deep cultivation, and effectively transform the results of learning into practical achievements in serving the construction of a scientific and technological power.
The Important Significance of Fully Exerting the Role of National Strategic Scientific and Technological Forces
National strategic scientific and technological forces are institutionalized, systematized advantageous scientific and technological forces dynamically organized around national strategic tasks, and are the organized manifestation of national will in the field of science and technology. Fully exerting the role of national strategic scientific and technological forces is an inevitable requirement for grasping strategic opportunities, responding to risks and challenges, and winning the initiative in development.
National strategic scientific and technological forces are the "vanguard" in seizing the world's scientific and technological frontiers. Currently, the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is profoundly reshaping the global development landscape, scientific and technological innovation has entered a period of intensive and active activity, and has shifted from isolated breakthroughs in single disciplines to cross-fertilization and coupled evolution among multiple technology clusters, with fields such as intelligence, life, manufacturing, energy, aerospace, ocean, and others presenting chain-type breakthrough trends. Major original breakthroughs increasingly depend on major scientific and technological infrastructure, massive data resources, and large-scale coordinated research. In particular, the accelerated development of artificial intelligence is profoundly reshaping scientific research paradigms, with frontier directions iterating at an accelerated pace and cross-fertilization features becoming increasingly prominent, urgently requiring national strategic scientific and technological forces to coordinate multidisciplinary teams through institutionalized organization, allocate multiple types of resources through systematized deployment, conform to the transformation of scientific research paradigms, and seize the world's scientific and technological frontiers
National strategic scientific and technological forces are the "main force" in achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical and arduous period for the construction of a scientific and technological power, and also a strategic leap period for promoting substantive breakthroughs in high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology. Achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology urgently requires an overall enhancement of the capability levels and system effectiveness of national strategic scientific and technological forces. Currently, in China's scientific and technological development, there still exist problems such as insufficient original innovation capability in some fields and low efficiency of scientific and technological investment, and the shortcomings in basic research and key core technologies remain evident. National strategic scientific and technological forces are the "national team" of scientific and technological innovation, shouldering the core functions of originating original innovation, tackling key core technologies, and cultivating and gathering strategic talents, and playing an important leading and supporting role in the process of achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology
National strategic scientific and technological forces are the "ballast stone" in responding to the scientific and technological game between major powers. Currently, changes unseen in a century are accelerating their evolution, high-technology fields have become the forefront and main battlefield of international competition, and the game around scientific and technological commanding heights is unprecedentedly fierce. Frontier technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum information, advanced manufacturing, life and health, and others are accelerating breakthroughs, profoundly reshaping the global innovation landscape and industrial division of labor pattern, and scientific and technological strength has become a key variable determining the rise and fall of major powers and the evolution of the international landscape. At the same time, unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, risks of scientific and technological decoupling, technological blockade, and supply chain rupture are intensifying, and the external environment facing China's scientific and technological development is becoming increasingly severe. Facing the complex situation, national strategic scientific and technological forces are able, in key fields concerning national sovereignty, security, and development interests, to concentrate advantageous forces to win battles in tackling key core technologies, break through external blockades and containment, support overall national security with scientific and technological security, and provide solid strategic guarantees for the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation
National strategic scientific and technological forces are the "pillar" in leading engineering scientific and technological innovation. Engineering science and technology is a key bridge connecting basic research and industrial transformation, and also an important driving force for promoting the progress of productive forces. Every major breakthrough in engineering science and technology profoundly transforms relations of production, promotes the transformation of social productive forces, and pushes human civilization toward new and higher stages. Engineering science and technology connects science, technology, engineering, and industry, possessing a unique bidirectional traction function: major projects use complex technological needs to pull basic research breakthroughs, use engineering difficulties to force theoretical innovation and methodological reform; engineeringization and industrialization capabilities open the channel for transforming scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces, providing solid support for the construction of a modern industrial system. National strategic scientific and technological forces gather the joint forces of various innovation entities, are the core key in leading engineering scientific and technological innovation, and also play an important bridging and linking role in the integrated development of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation
Accurately Grasping the Core Tasks of National Strategic Scientific and Technological Forces
National strategic scientific and technological forces are an important component of the national innovation system, and must be based on what the country needs, what development urgently requires, and what the future aspires to, accurately grasping their responsibility positioning and main attack directions in the construction of a scientific and technological power
Focus on major national strategic needs and achieve breakthroughs in key core technology fields. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that key core technologies are the great weapons of the country, and are of extremely important significance for promoting the high-quality development of China's economy and ensuring national security. National strategic scientific and technological forces must take the country's urgent needs and long-term development demands as an important traction for scientific and technological innovation, adhere to serving national strategy and tackling major tasks. Closely focus on strategically inevitable fields related to national security and the overall development situation, focus on weak links in the industrial chain and supply chain and bottleneck constraints in the construction of major projects, strengthen demand traction, goal orientation, and systematized deployment. Improve the mechanism for condensing major scientific and technological research tasks, proactively discover problems from major engineering needs, frontier scientific and technological changes, and industrial chain and supply chain security, condense tasks, dynamically identify and judge key links and potential risks. Promote all-chain breakthroughs in tackling key core technologies in key fields such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, biological manufacturing, and others to achieve decisive breakthroughs, continuously forming a batch of autonomous, controllable key technologies and major achievements with strategic competitiveness
Strengthen basic research and frontier technology deployment, providing source water and living water for long-term development. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that basic research is the source of the entire scientific system and the general organ of all technological problems. National strategic scientific and technological forces must grasp the trends of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, strengthen strategic, forward-looking, systematized deployment of basic research, carry out long-term stable research around major scientific problems and basic problems in engineering science and technology, strive to propose original theories, discover new laws, master underlying technological principles, and continuously enhance original innovation capability. Strengthen forward-looking judgment and active shaping capability for frontier technology directions, properly handle the relationship between goal orientation and free exploration, leave space for non-consensus innovation, disruptive innovation, and free exploration. Strengthen technological forecasting and foresight, scientifically judge frontier directions that may trigger major transformations, moderately advance-deploy a batch of strategic, pioneering research tasks, strive to form more original, disruptive achievements, and accumulate new scientific and technological momentum for future development
Promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, cultivate and strengthen new quality productive forces. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that China possesses the institutional advantages of the socialist market economy, the demand advantages of a super-large-scale market, the supply advantages of a complete industrial system supporting system, and the talent advantages of a large number of high-quality laborers and entrepreneurs. Enterprises are important entities in the integrated development of scientific and technological innovationand industrial innovation, and it is necessary to further support science-and-technology-leading enterprises to deeply participate in scientific and technological innovation decision-making, undertake major scientific and technological tasks, build high-level innovation platforms, play the roles of proposers of original technology needs, organizers of innovation, technology suppliers, and market applicators, strengthen the integration and integrated allocation of innovation resources, promote the deep integration of the innovation chain and industrial chain. Facing the development of emerging industries and future industries, accelerate the formation of high-quality scientific and technological supply, give play to the advantages of enterprises being close to the market, familiar with industries, and rich in application scenarios, accelerate the iteration and application of new technologies and new products. Promote frontier technologies to empower traditional industries, accelerate the transformation toward high-end, intelligent, green, better transform scientific and technological advantages into industrial advantages and development advantages
Strengthen the construction of high-level scientific and technological talent teams, support the construction of a scientific and technological power with the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that scientific and technological innovation depends on talent, talent cultivation depends on education, and education, science and technology, and talent are internally consistent and mutually supportive. Talent is the most active and most critical factor in scientific and technological innovation. National strategic scientific and technological forces have gathered a large number of strategic scientists, leading scientific and technological talents, and high-level innovation teams, and should discover talents, cultivate talents, achieve talents in the process of tackling major tasks and major engineering practices, forming a national strategic talent force with reasonable structure, continuous and powerful succession. Optimize the internal talent development environment of national strategic scientific and technological forces, integrally promote educational development, scientific and technological innovation, talent cultivation, give play to the foundational, pioneering role of education, as well as the traction role of scientific and technological innovationand the supporting role of talent, promote education, science and technology, and talent to each show their respective strengths, forming joint forces. Improve the talent cultivation mechanism driven by scientific and technological developmentand national strategic needs, optimize the collaborative education mechanism integrating science and education, provide a continuous stream of talent support for the construction of a scientific and technological power
With Greater Effort to Gather and Enhance the Collaborative Research Capability of National Strategic Scientific and Technological Forces
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the key is to optimize the functional positioning and layout of national strategic scientific and technological forces, promote task coordination, resource sharing, advantage complementarity, enabling them to better shoulder national strategic missions and produce more major strategic achievements. It is necessary to better coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, strengthen collaborative cooperation, systematic exertion, comprehensively support China's achievement of high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology
Strengthen cross-field, cross-disciplinary collaboration, achieve new progress in advancing the implementation of major scientific and technological tasks. Currently, the systemic and integrated nature of scientific and technological innovation is becoming increasingly prominent, and key core technology research presents typical characteristics such as long technology chains, strong cross-disciplinary intersection, large research and development investment. Strengthening cross-field, cross-disciplinary collaboration is an inherent requirement of organized scientific research, and also a breakthrough point for promoting the tackling of major scientific and technological tasks. It is necessary to further strengthen top-level design and overall planning, establish cross-departmental scientific and technological strategic research and judgmentand system planning mechanisms, deeply carry out monitoring of scientific and technological development trends, trend research and judgment, form full-chain deployment, systematized layout. Focus on major national strategic needs, coordinate the layout of key common technology research, clarify the major scientific and technological tasks undertaken by various entities of national strategic scientific and technological forces, strengthen collaborative cooperation with other scientific and technological forces, build large scientific teams spanning disciplines, organizations, levels, and fields. Oriented by the tackling of major scientific and technological tasks, establish a new type of operating mechanism with goal orientation, performance management, collaborative research, open sharing, enhance the collaborative research capability of national strategic scientific and technological forces
Strengthen the integration, connection, and application of industry, academia, research, and application, demonstrate new effectiveness in accelerating the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements. The value of scientific and technological innovation ultimately must be reflected in the leadership and support for the modern industrial system. Only through transformation and application can scientific and technological achievements become real productive forces. The deep integration of industry, academia, research, and application is an important path to unblock the bottlenecks from basic research, applied research to technological development, engineeringization, and industrialization. It is necessary to further optimize the functional positioning and main missions of national strategic scientific and technological forces, strengthen the role of national laboratories as the "general platform, general chain leader," better give play to the institutionalized organizational advantages of national research institutions and their role as the birthplace of original innovation, highlight the role of high-level research universities as the main force of basic research and the main battlefield of talent cultivation, strengthen the role of science-and-technology-leading enterprises in technology integration and industrial transformation. Support and guide advantageous entities to take the lead in building innovation consortia, organize forces upstream and downstream of the industrial chain and innovation chain to carry out collaborative research, form a virtuous cycle of "scientific and technological innovation—achievement transformation—industrial upgrading—scientific and technological re-innovation." Fully give play to the technological advantages of national strategic scientific and technological forces and China's super-large-scale market advantages, strengthen the construction of the national intellectual property public service system and technology transfer system, accelerate the layout of concept verification centers and pilot-scale testing platforms, promote the efficient transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, empower high-quality development of industry and economy
Strengthen international scientific and technological exchange and cooperation, expand new space in deeply integrating into the global innovation network. China firmly implements an open, inclusive, mutually beneficial, and shared international scientific and technological cooperation strategy, strives to create a new pattern of all-round, multi-level, wide-field international scientific and technological exchangeand cooperation. It is necessary to adhere to the parallel implementation of self-reliance and opennessand cooperation, under the premise of safety and controllability, support and guide national strategic scientific and technological forces to fully utilize global scientific and technological innovation resources, deeply carry out international scientific and technological exchangeand cooperation. Relying on international scientific and technological cooperation mechanisms such as the Belt and Road Initiative scientific and technological innovation cooperation alliance, build multi-level, cross-field international scientific and technological exchange platforms. Give play to the institutionalized advantages of national strategic scientific and technological forces, further play a leading role in international big science plans and big science projects, better integrate into the global innovation network, consolidate and expand a global win-win partnership with clear levels, prominent priorities, and broad coverage. Accelerate the promotion of China's initiation and establishment of international scientific and technological organizations, support Chinese scientists to hold positions in international organizations, deeply participate in international scientific and technological governance, seize the initiative in international scientific and technological innovation, effectively enhance China's leading force in the global scientific and technological field, assist China in accelerating the construction of a world scientific and technological power
Strengthen the reform of management systems and mechanisms, achieve new breakthroughs in enhancing the overall effectiveness of the innovation system. Achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology requires comprehensively deepening scientific and technological system reform as an important guarantee, focus on building a scientific and technological management system compatible with national strategic scientific and technological forces, enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. Strengthen the optimal allocation of innovation resources, improve the classified funding and support models for national strategic scientific and technological forces, improve the diversified investment mechanism with government guidance, market leadership, achieve the unity of increased investment scale and enhanced effectiveness. Build an assessment system for national strategic scientific and technological forces based on mission positioning, take undertaking and completing major national tasks, contributing major achievements, and others as main indicators, regularly carry out differentiated assessment and evaluation, ensure national strategic scientific and technological forces play their due role. Calibrate the orientation of scientific and technological evaluation, adhere to emphasizing quality, emphasizing innovation, emphasizing actual results, emphasizing contribution, promote scientific research to return to the essence of innovation, stimulate the endogenous motivation of various innovation entities. Strengthen scientific and technological ethicsand safety governance, adhere to the unity of scientific and technological innovationand risk prevention, promote science and technology to move upward and toward goodness, promote scientific and technological achievements to benefit the people
Strengthen the combination of education and punishment, demonstrate new actions in effectively strengthening the construction of academic atmosphereand work style. A good academic atmosphereand work style is a concrete manifestation of carrying forward the spirit of scientistsand strengthening the construction of scientific research integrity. National strategic scientific and technological forces must take the lead and set an example in strengthening the construction of academic atmosphereand work style. Around vigorously carrying forward the spirit of scientists, carry out publicityandeducation through multiple channels, multiple forms, all-round, create a social environment respecting science, advocating innovation, and an innovation atmosphere of patriotic dedication, seeking truth from facts. Strengthen the construction of the scientific research integrity system, accelerate the realization of national integration, scientific research integrity recordsand evaluations throughout the entire cycle of scientific research activities, comprehensively cover scientific researchers, teams, legal entities, and third-party institutions, form a cross-departmental, cross-level, cross-field governance closed loop. Seriously carry out rectification of work styleand discipline, establish and improve accountabilityand investigation mechanisms for scientific research dishonestyand academic misconductand other behaviors, increase the intensity of punishment for scientific research dishonesty problems, implement zero-tolerance handling for various types of academic misconduct, cultivate a clean and honest innovation ecosystem
The Chinese Academy of Engineering will firmly grasp the historical opportunity of the construction of a scientific and technological power, deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the Two Establishments (两个确立), strengthen the Four Consciousnesses (四个意识), firm the Four Confidences (四个自信), achieve the Two Upholds (两个维护), always maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thought, politics, and action, fully exert the role of national strategic scientific and technological forces. Facing major national strategic needs fields, strengthen the construction of the academician team, adhere to supporting the Party and the state's scientific decision-making with scientific consultation, deepen scientific and technological cooperation to serve the high-quality development of national and regional economies and societies, weave a dense global engineering science and technology collaborative network, strengthen the leading role of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in engineering scientific and technological innovation, contribute stronger engineering scientific and technological forces to Chinese modernization.
Return to TopBy: 叶向东
Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the issue of the view of political achievements of leading officials, has delivered a series of important speeches, and has made a series of important instructions and directives, pointing the way and providing the fundamental guidance for the vast number of Party members and leading cadres, especially leading officials, in establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian has deeply studied and implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions, firmly grasped the overall requirement of "acting for the public interest (立党为公, li dang wei gong - "establish party for public"), seeking the well-being of the people (为民造福, wei min zao fu - "for people create benefit"), scientific decision-making, and taking practical and effective action (真抓实干, zhen zhua shi gan - "truly grasp, truly do")", and has always anchored itself to the "great matters of the state" such as energy security and stable supply, green and low-carbon development, reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, and comprehensive rural revitalization, striving with a correct view of political achievements to create real achievements that can withstand the tests of practice, the people, and history.
Upholding the fundamental political stance of putting the people first
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "Communists must remember that seeking the well-being of the people is the greatest political achievement," and that "only by adhering to the people-centered development philosophy, insisting that development is for the people, development relies on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people, can there be a correct view of development and a correct view of modernization." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions profoundly elucidate that the people's stance is the fundamental political stance of the Communist Party of China, and also the logical starting point of a correct view of political achievements.
It is the concentrated embodiment of the nature and purpose of our Party. Since its founding, our Party has always represented the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the Chinese people, uniting and leading the people through the struggle course of the period of the new-democratic revolution, the period of socialist revolution and construction, and the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. Entering the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has accurately assessed the new changes in the principal contradiction in Chinese society, responded to the people's new expectations for a better life, united and led the people to promote historic achievements and historic changes in the cause of the Party and the state, providing more complete institutional guarantees, a more solid material foundation, and more proactive spiritual strength for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Through successive struggles, we have won the battle against poverty, the largest in human history, completed the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and achieved the First Centenary Goal as scheduled. Practice has proven that the people are the creators of history and the true heroes; we must always firmly stand on the people's side, integrate caring for the masses and showing concern for the people into all processes and all aspects of undertaking work and starting undertakings, and closely rely on the people to create great historic achievements
It is the essential requirement of practicing the original aspiration and founding mission of Communists. Solving the problems of the greatest concern, the most direct interest, and the most immediate reality to the people is the value orientation and fundamental yardstick of all our work. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, in the great practice of General Secretary Xi Jinping uniting and leading the whole Party, the whole military, and the people of all ethnic groups in governing the country, the sincere sentiment of "I will have no self, and will not fail the people" has run through everything. For example, upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, running putting the people first through the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan (五位一体) and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy(四个全面), placing the improvement of people's livelihood first, etc. In the course of our Party's struggle, there have emerged advanced models such as Jiao Yulu, who "lived for the sand dunes, died for the sand dunes, and whose life and death are bound to the elders and children of the land," Gu Wenchang, who "carried out revolution without selfish motives, devoting heart and soul to the people," Yang Shanzhou, who "as long as life does not end, service to the people does not stop," and Zhang Fuqing, who "can do beneficial things for the people, and even hardship brings contentment," who will forever be remembered in the hearts of the people. Practice has proven that wherever the people have needs, extraordinary achievements can be created there; we must wholeheartedly walk the Party's mass line in the new era, handle matters that benefit people's livelihoods concretely, handle matters that warm people's hearts meticulously, handle matters that comply with people's wishes properly, and win the people's support with real achievements in improving people's well-being
It is the political responsibility of central state-owned enterprises to govern enterprises for the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping has made important instructions on the work of central enterprises, putting forward the important requirements on the new journey of "better serving the overall work of the Party and the state, serving high-quality development of the economy and society, and serving the guarantee and improvement of people's livelihoods." From the perspective of political attributes, "serving the overall work of the Party and the state" embodies the distinctive character of central state-owned enterprises belonging to the Party and serving the people; from the perspective of economic attributes, "serving high-quality development of the economy and society" embodies the unavoidable responsibility (责无旁贷, ze wu pang dai - "responsibility, no side to shirk") of central state-owned enterprises; from the perspective of social attributes, "serving the guarantee and improvement of people's livelihoods" embodies the unswerving in one's determination (矢志不渝, shi zhi bu yu - "aim at goal, not change") value pursuit of central state-owned enterprises, and all three ultimately converge on the fundamental starting point and ending point of satisfying the people's growing needs for a better life. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian has always been giving its all to a task (全力以赴, quan li yi fu - "full strength, go all") to ensure the safe and stable supply of energy, continuously increasing effective investment, driving the integrated development of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain, and successively advancing comprehensive rural revitalization. Practice has proven that state-owned enterprises are an important force in strengthening the country's overall national strength and safeguarding the common interests of the people; we must unswervingly strengthen, optimize, and expand state-owned enterprises and state-owned capital, accelerate the building of world-class enterprises, and resolutely safeguard and develop the common wealth of all the people
Coordinated application of the scientific methods of establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "political achievements are reflected both in promoting development and in benefiting people's livelihoods and maintaining stability; both in visible achievements that take effect immediately and in latent achievements that lay foundations, increase momentum, and benefit the long term; both in solving current contradictions and in solving problems left over from history." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions contain scientific ways of thinking and working methods
Properly coordinate the relationship between "the overall situation" and "one region." Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has led the whole Party to further establish holistic thinking and strategic thinking, requiring leading officials to "huddle together and work toward the goals designed by the top-level design," effectively forming a strategic synergy effect of the whole country playing a coordinated, unified effort (一盘棋, yi pan qi - "one game of chess"), setting a brilliant example for the whole Party. Truly good political achievements are political achievements that comprehensively serve the overall development situation of the Party and the state. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian regards implementing the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee as a political responsibility and fundamental task, consciously integrating its own work into the national strategic layout and the overall industrial development, proactively stepping beyond one region to seek great undertakings, and striving to create real achievements that conform to the overall situation and benefit the long term. Its subordinate Sichuan Company has fully responded to extreme emergencies, guarding the lights of thousands of households in Shu during great trials; Xinjiang Company has overcoming tough problems and difficulties (攻坚克难, gong jian ke nan - "attack key, overcome difficulty") to complete the construction of a major landmark project of the national "West-to-East Power Transmission" strategy — the Gobi energy base at the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang; Guangdong Company is seeking strength through maritime development (向海图强, xiang hai tu qiang - "towards sea, seek strength"), building the Yangjiang offshore wind power project with high quality
Properly coordinate the relationship between "visible achievements" and"latent achievements." Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has personally planned and promoted a series of strategic deployments such as the battle against poverty, ecological environment protection, scientific and technological innovation, and cultural heritage inheritance and development, both achieving one phased goal after another as scheduled and planning and advancing long-term strategic layouts, setting a brilliant example for the whole Party. Visible achievements and latent achievements reflect the two sides of the same coin of political achievements, and under certain conditions they transform into each other. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian insists on viewing political achievements with a comprehensive and dialectical perspective, insists on basing itself on the present while keeping an eye on the long term, resolutely implements the "dual carbon" strategy, prominently focuses on the development of renewable energy such as new energy and hydropower, goes all out to promote the company's green and low-carbon development, has completed the construction of all projects of the second batch of national new energy large bases, achieving a leapfrog transformation in new energy development, especially the development and construction of large bases in "deserts, Gobi, and barren lands," from "running alongside" to"leading." Its subordinate Fujian Miantan Hydropower Station has remembered the leader's instructions for 30 years, advancing with gratitude to benefit the people of the old revolutionary base areas; the Upper Jinsha River Company has firmly promoted the coordinated progress of green development and ecological environmental protection for over 20 years; Huadian New Energy, after more than 10 years of effort and 5 years of tackling key problems, has successfully promoted its IPO project to be listed on the stock market
Properly coordinate the relationship between"upholding integrity"and"innovation." Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has promoted comprehensive deepening of reform with great historical initiative, tremendous political courage, and strong sense of responsibility, driving profound changes in development concepts, growth models, and institutional mechanisms, achieving a series of remarkable major achievements that have attracted worldwide attention, setting a brilliant example for the whole Party. Upholding integrity and innovation are complementing each other (相辅相成, xiang fu xiang cheng - "complement each other"), embodying the dialectical unity of change and no-change, inheritance and development, principle and creativity. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian insists on taking the development of new quality productive forces as the internal requirement and important focal point for promoting high-quality development, continuously strengthening the tracking, research, and judgment of policy trends such as the construction of a new energy system, the national unified electricity market, and the new power system, closely combining with actual conditions to study and formulate new ideas and new measures to solve problems, creatively implementing the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee. Its subordinate Inner Mongolia Company has seized the first opportunity to explore new paths for computing-power and-electricity coordination, successfully putting into operation the green energy supply demonstration project of the Horinger data center cluster; Guodian Nanjing Automation has dared to be the first to scale new heights in science and technology, taking the lead in building the "Huadian Rui" series of independently controllable power industrial control systems
Properly coordinate the relationship between"history"and"reality." Comrade Xi Jinping, then Secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, went down to Pujiang County to receive visitors from the masses, leading more than 100 cadres at the provincial, municipal, and county levels, receiving more than 400 batches of visitors in 14 reception rooms within one day, personally making decisions to solve multiple long-pending tough problems that had been shelved for a long time, setting an example for us in resolving problems left over from history. New officials settling old accounts means settling political accounts, accounts of popular support, and accounts of development, which is the duty of Party members and leading cadres. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian has carried forward the spirit of historical initiative, facing contradictions and problems without avoiding them, responding to risks and challenges without flinching, solidly advancing the rectification and implementation of problems discovered through various types of supervision and inspection, and tackling historical legacy problems with real action. Its subordinate Party organizations at all levels focus on the urgent, difficult, and anxious concerns of employees, use the "Employee Voice e-Home" platform to smooth channels for suggestions and appeals, deeply advance the care work for employees in remote and difficult areas and on overseas projects and their families, improve the production and living conditions of frontline employees, and win the acclaim of the masses with tangible benefits
Creating a new situation of high-quality development with practical work and real achievements
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that"a correct view of political achievements requires us to proceed from reality, act according to objective laws, and through scientific decision-making and hard work, create achievements that can withstand the tests of practice and history, truly benefit the people, and be recognized by the masses." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions elucidate the core requirements and practical guidelines for establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements
Firmly establish ideals and convictions, cultivating a correct worldview with strong Party spirit. Firmly establishing ideals and convictions has always been the foundation for Communists to establish themselves and fulfill their mission. At present, changes unseen in a century are accelerating, and the development of the energy sector has entered a critical period of transition between old and new systems. The more complex and severe the situation, the more necessary it is to have the guidance of a scientific worldview, the more necessary it is to maintain a high degree of sobriety and firm resolve. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian regards deeply studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the primary political task, unremittingly strengthens the theoretical armed force of the Party's innovation, regularly carries out education on the view of political achievements, focuses on strengthening the education and training of leading teams at all levels, newly promoted cadres, young cadres, and cadres in key positions, strengthens exemplary leadership and negative-case warnings, educates and guides the vast number of Party members and leading cadres to strengthen Party spirit tempering, improve political capability, and always assume responsibility, perform duties, and fulfill responsibilities with a correct view of political achievements
Follow objective laws, practicing a correct view of development with seeking truth from facts. The view of development and the view of political achievements are closely connected; whatever view of political achievements Party members and leading cadres hold will guide whatever view of development they adopt, which in turn produces whatever development outcomes. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party has made strategic deployments for building a strong energy country. The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration have issued the "15th Five-Year Plan for Building a New Energy System," clarifying the goal of achieving a "dual 50%" target by 2030, with wind power and solar power installed capacity accounting for more than 50% and non-fossil energy power generation accounting for reaching 50%, which requires the whole company to exert pressure and strive forward, "jumping up to touch higher." The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian closely focuses on serving the construction of a strong energy country, actively responds to the opportunities and challenges facing the 15th Five-Year Plan period, insists on proceeding from reality in everything, consciously follows the laws of industrial development and enterprise operation, deeply studies the actual conditions of various regions, fields, and units, goes all out to seize development opportunities and strive for high-quality resources, focuses on breaking down the conceptual, institutional, and mechanistic barriers constraining high-quality development, stimulates the vitality and motivation of innovation and creation among all employees, and continuously enhances the green content, innovation content, and value content of the company's development
Forever maintain the spirit of struggle, interpreting a correct view of career with practical work and responsibility. Creating political achievements depends on practical work, and fundamentally relies on struggle; this is the most simple methodology and the only way to accomplish undertakings. This year is the opening year of the 15th Five-Year Plan, and all undertakings of China Huadian stand at a brand new starting point, at an important juncture of sailing against the current, where one either advances or retreats, and even slow progress means retreat. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian insists on treating the establishment and practice of a correct view of political achievements as a long-term task, educates and guides the vast number of Party members and leading cadres to work in earnest and walk at the forefront, both upholding the enterprising responsibility of "success must include me," proactively assuming responsibility and fulfilling duties when facing industrial transformation and upgrading, urgent, difficult, dangerous, and heavy tasks, and practical matters concerning people's livelihoods; and adhering to the spiritual realm of "success need not include me," maintaining the tenacity and persistence of drawing one blueprint to the end for long-term strategic tasks, and implementing the development strategy and various key tasks of the 15th Five-Year Plan period with the spirit of nailing nails
Hold fast to the original aspiration of serving the people, building a correct view of power with integrity and self-discipline. Integrity and self-discipline are the basic bottom line of Communists and the prerequisite requirement for undertaking work. Power belongs to the public, not to private individuals; once it is bound together with selfish motives and private interests, it is the beginning of corruption, and will ultimately only end in losing both one's wealth and one's standing, bringing ruin upon oneself. Only by exercising power impartially, exercising power according to law, exercising power for the people, and exercising power with integrity, can one be upright in oneself, confident in one's position, and firm in one's stance. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian resolutely bears the primary responsibility for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, regularly investigates and rectifies problems of deviation in the view of political achievements, continuously deepens the rectification of the prominent problem of new officials not settling old accounts, continuously strengthens the supervision and management of behavior related to the view of political achievements, educates and guides the vast number of Party members and leading cadres to always remember the fundamental question of "who am I, who am I for, and who do I rely on," take the lead in revering the people, revering organizations, revering laws and discipline, take the lead in carrying forward fine traditions and paying attention to family values and family education, effectively unify integrity and responsibility, diligence in governance and clean governance, work with peace of mind, act boldly, forge ahead sharply, and actively make contributions under the premise of observing rules and discipline, be upright in conduct and clean in deeds, and forever maintain the clean political character of integrity and self-discipline
(The author is Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Chairman of China Huadian Corporation Ltd.)
Return to TopBy: 刘永飞
One who does not plan for the overall situation is insufficient to plan for a single domain. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that leading cadres must "stand high in political positioning and be pragmatic in action; they must both set the direction, grasp major matters, and plan for the long term, and also grasp and implement well the entry points and focal points of their work; they must both calculate the big account, the overall account, and also calculate the small account, the detailed account," and "when thinking about problems and making decisions, one must always be fully aware of the great matters of the state, calculating more on the big abacus and the big account, and less on the small abacus and the small account, being adept at integrating the work of one's region and department into the great chessboard of the Party's and the state's cause, so as to both win honor for one's own region and, moreover, add luster to the overall situation." These important expositions profoundly elucidate that, in planning and advancing work, one must grasp well the relationship between calculating the big account and calculating the small account, establishing the fundamental guideline for undertaking endeavors and forging ahead on the new journey of the new era.
For leading cadres, which abacus to move and which account to calculate is a fundamental question bearing on political stance and positioning, Party spirit, and self-cultivation; it concerns not only the correctness of decisions and the effectiveness of work, but also the vital interests of the masses. If the big account is about strategic planning, setting the direction, grasping major matters, and planning for the long term, ensuring that the direction of undertaking endeavors is correct and that the endeavor proceeds steadily and goes far; then the small account is about meticulous refinement, grasping and implementing well the entry points and focal points of work, so that major decisions and deployments are implemented in detail and concretely, with small achievements accumulating into great ones (积微成著, ji wei cheng zhu - "accumulate, tiny, become, remarkable"). Not calculating the big account will cause one to be confined by the gains and losses of a single city or a single pond and thereby miss strategic opportunities; not calculating the small account will cause beautiful blueprints to degenerate into impractical theories or armchair strategizing (纸上谈兵, zhi shang tan bing - "paper, on, discuss, war"). When planning work, leading cadres should be adept at examining problems from a political height, weighing pros and cons with strategic thinking, and consciously integrating their work into the overall situation of the development of the Party's and the state's cause, so as to think and act under the overall situation.
Calculating more on the big account does not mean not calculating the small account, but rather calculating the small account within the big account. This requires leading cadres to be adept at viewing and thinking about problems from a strategic perspective, combining the firmness of strategy with the flexibility of tactics, achieving having a bird's-eye view and managing the overall situation (统揽大局, tong lan da ju - "overall, grasp, big, situation") in planning and meticulous precision in operation, being adept at calculating the big account and the long-term account; opposing calculating only the local account, the departmental account, and the immediate account, moving the small abacus, and playing petty tricks. In reality, some cadres, when a matter arises, first think of departmental interests and local interests, playing edge-ball games with the Party Central Committee's decisions and deployments, engaging in selective implementation, and even engaging in fraud or deception (弄虚作假, nong xu zuo jia - "play, false, do, fake") and outwardly complying while secretly disobeying (阳奉阴违, yang feng yin wei - "sun/yang, obey, moon/yin, violate"); some keep their eyes only on their own "one-third of an acre of land," with their minds only on the "small account book" of accumulating political achievements for themselves, and when implementing policies, they engage in avoiding heavy responsibilities and only taking easy tasks (拈轻怕重, nian qing pa zhong - "pick, light, fear, heavy") and being overly selective or picking and choosing (挑肥拣瘦, tiao fei jian shou - "pick, fat, select, lean"), staring at what is beneficial and "rushing to do it," and when encountering what is difficult, "walking around it"; some look only at the present and not the long term, having a special fondness or preference for something (情有独钟, qing you du zhong - "feeling, have, unique, devotion") for matters that can easily shine in the short term, while backing out of a commitment or losing courage (打退堂鼓, da tui tang gu - "hit, retreat, hall, drum") when it comes to matters requiring long-term effort or even thankless hard work. Calculations of this sort, in the final analysis, stem from insufficiently high political positioning, insufficiently strong awareness of the overall situation, anda deviation in the view of political achievements; they both undermine the "one chessboard" of top-level design and, in passing the buck or engaging in petty bickering to avoid responsibility (推诿扯皮, tui wei che pi - "shirk, evade, pull, skin"), delay the optimal timing for policy implementation, appearing to protect local interests, but in reality damaging overall development and overdrawing development potential
The big account and the small account share the same root and are mutually dependent; when the big account is stable, the small account prospers. When a policy lands, it pulls along upstream and downstream, left bank and right bank, each link interlocking; when a reform advances, it affects many fields and various lines, with a thousand threads anda myriad loose ends. Within the big account there is politics; to speak of politics, one must calculate the big account. Only by leaping out of one's own limitations and actively integrating into the overall situation can one find accurate positioning and display achievements within the overall situation, serving the prosperity of the whole with the progress of the part. One who obtains the great can also embrace the small; only by thinking under the overall situation and acting under the overall situation can one break free from the narrow vision of a single industry, a single undertaking, a single city, a single locality, and promote the steady and long-term development of the cause. Some small accounts are "beneficial" to the locality, but viewed from the overall situation, they may not be worthwhile; some big accounts, viewed from the locality, seem "not worthwhile," but viewed from the overall situation, they must be done. Specifically, implementing the new development philosophy requires completeness in grasp, accuracy in understanding, and comprehensiveness in implementation, and the greatest taboo is, for the sake of immediate output value and temporary tax revenue, to "walk the old road in new shoes" or "put new wine in old bottles," still less to sacrifice resources and the environment for short-term growth; developing new quality productive forces should proceed in light of local conditions and seeking truth from facts, neither rushing headlong into action divorced from reality, nor wanting everything and trying to do everything, still less disorderly scrambling for projects, expanding capacity, and competing on scale, allowing high-quality development to slide into low-level involution; building the unified national market requires breaking down local protectionism and market segmentation, breaking open closed small markets and self-enclosed small cycles, eliminating all kinds of barriers, so that production factors can flow smoothly over a larger scope. At the same time, all policies and measures should strengthen consistency assessment,统筹考虑对相关领域的影响，使各方力量同向而行、形成合力。唯有自觉以全局眼光审视局部工作，将自身职责融入全国改革发展稳定的大棋局，才能确保党中央决策部署条条落实、件件落地、事事见效
"Reaching the vast and yet exhausting the subtle" is the way of accomplishing things. Correctly grasping the relationship between calculating the big account and calculating the small account, the key is to be down-to-earth, embodying it in the implementation of every policy, the planning of every project, and the handling of every conflict. Leading cadres should cherish the "great matters of the state" in their hearts, shoulder responsibilities on their shoulders, expend full "embroidery-like effort," being adept at both viewing problems from a height and sinking down to solve difficulties, finding accurate positioning and displaying achievements in serving the overall situation, making greater contributions to advancing Chinese modernization.
Return to TopAt present, the once-in-a-century transformation of the world is accelerating, and hegemonism, unilateralism, and protectionism are acting against the prevailing trend (逆流而动, ni liu er dong - "against the current, move"), but the overwhelming majority of countries do not identify with power politics, do not desire conflict and confrontation, and do not wish to be closed off and backward, but rather look forward to, through their own development and international cooperation, equally securing a place for themselves on the world stage. In recent years, the Global South has grown remarkably, driving a profound readjustment in the balance of international forces, and the trend toward a multipolar world is irreversible.
Return to TopBy: 人类命运共同体研究中心
From late August to early September 2026, President Xi Jinping attended the summit marking the 25th anniversary of the founding of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and paid state visits to Kyrgyzstan and Egypt. This journey across Asia and Africa added a vivid and significant touch to the traditional "golden autumn diplomacy season," and also opened a series of important head-of-state diplomacy agendas for the year, including the BRICS leaders' summit to be held in India, the APEC Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting to be held in Shenzhen, China, and the G20 summit to be held in the United States.
Head-of-state diplomacy is the highest form of Chinese diplomacy and serves as the compass of Chinese diplomacy. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has personally planned and personally carried out a rich variety of head-of-state diplomatic activities, leading vast and magnificent diplomatic practice. To date, he has made a total of 58 visits abroad, setting foot in more than 70 countries across five continents, receiving hundreds of foreign heads of state and heads of government, discussing friendship and cooperation and consulting on major affairs of the world together. From formal state visits and bilateral summit meetings to multilateral summits and international conferences, from home-ground diplomacy, sports diplomacy to "cloud diplomacy" and then to letter diplomacy and people-to-people exchanges, these activities include both highly strategic high-level dialogues and people-to-people interactions full of human warmth. In the new era, head-of-state diplomacy has been magnificent in scale, brilliant and varied in content, opening up new realms in the practice of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and displaying the unique style and distinctive qualities of diplomacy in the new era.
Demonstrating Great Strategic Planning and Bold Moves
The most prominent feature of head-of-state diplomacy lies in its powerful strategic guiding force. General Secretary Xi Jinping, with the far-reaching vision of a leader of a major party and a major country, guides the overall work of foreign affairs, deepens and expands the diplomatic layout, actively develops equal, open, and cooperative global partnerships, and promotes the building of a new type of international relations characterized by mutual respect, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation, enabling our country to gain greater strategic initiative on the global stage of international forces.
The direction of major countries. Head-of-state diplomacy consolidates strategic consensus at the highest level and promotes the formation of a pattern of major-country relations featuring peaceful coexistence, overall stability, and balanced development. Whether the international landscape remains stable depends critically on the trajectory of relations among major powers. The China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for the new era has become more mature and resilient, serving as the ballast stone for global strategic stability. The presidents of China and the United States have established a new positioning of constructive strategic stability in bilateral relations, providing strategic guidance for China-U.S. relations in the coming three years and beyond. The China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership has made steady with gradual progress, connecting two major forces, two major markets, and two major civilizations. In May this year, Presidents Trump and Putin successively visited China, creating a diplomatic highlight in the history of China-U.S. and China-Russia relations in which the two presidents met with the Chinese president in Beijing within one week, and also demonstrating China's responsibility and action in actively promoting the building of a new paradigm for major-country relations. China is committed to promoting coordination and positive interaction among major countries, hopes that major countries can coexist harmoniously, and has blazed a new path of state-to-state relations that transcends zero-sum competition and the law of the jungle.
The direction of neighboring countries. Head-of-state diplomacy provides solid guarantees at the highest level and promotes the building of a community with a shared future for neighbors and the construction of the "five homes" to advance steadily and deepen. Our country has vast territory and long borders; neighboring areas are where we settle down and thrive, and the pattern of neighboring regions is deeply interconnected with the global landscape. General Secretary Xi Jinping approaches neighboring issues from a three-dimensional, pluralistic, and time-and-space-transcending perspective, adheres to amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness, upholds good-neighborly friendship, and has led China's relations with its neighbors into the best period in recent years. The Indochina Peninsula and Central Asia have achieved full coverage of building communities with a shared future through bilateral and multilateral means. China has signed or upgraded free trade agreements with more neighboring countries, the Protocol to Upgrade the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (3.0 Version) has been officially signed, promoting the quality improvement and upgrading of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. On August 31 this year, the heads of state of China and Kyrgyzstan signed a treaty on permanent good-neighborliness, friendship, and cooperation in Bishkek, writing a new chapter in China's relations with its neighbors.
The direction of developing countries. Head-of-state diplomacy strengthens solidarity and guidance at the highest level, continuously consolidates traditional friendship, and elevates the level of South-South cooperation. The rise of the Global South is a distinctive hallmark of the great transformation of the world, and China has always been a member of the Global South. General Secretary Xi Jinping engages in in-depth exchanges with leaders of developing countries, adheres to sincerity, real results, amity, and good faith, adheres to connecting with each other heart-to-heart, strengthens strategic alignment, jointly opens up new prospects for modernization, and sets a benchmark for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. President Xi Jinping's state visit to Egypt coincides with the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Egypt, vividly proving that Chinese diplomacy has always regarded developing countries as a priority direction and deepened South-South cooperation with an equal posture. China and African countries jointly advance the "six modernizations" and implement the "ten partnership actions," build the "five projects" with Latin American countries, establish the "five cooperation frameworks" with Arab countries, and create the "seven cooperation platforms" with Pacific island countries. The BRICS cooperation mechanism and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization have expanded their membership in an orderly manner, and the cooperation mechanisms of the Global South have continued to grow, becoming a strategic force in promoting the building of a more just and reasonable international order.
Leading the Great Trend of Countries' Engagement with China
General Secretary Xi Jinping once said that traveling far and wide is certainly arduous, but the harvest is that the "circle of friends" keeps growing. Since the new era, the total number of countries having diplomatic relations with China has increased from 172 to 183, and the number of partnerships established with countries and regional organizations around the world has increased from 41 pairs to 153 pairs. New friends are increasing and old friends are becoming ever more steadfast, reflecting the irreplaceable important role and strategic value of head-of-state diplomacy
Friends come from afar, and the two-way rush between the world and China is becoming increasingly fervent. In 2026, head-of-state diplomatic interactions have been intensive, with sustained highlights and surging momentum, displaying three major characteristics: First, high frequency. In the first half of this year, there was on average one important visit every week, and President Xi Jinping met with six foreign leaders within just over a week. Second, high specification. Political leaders from neighboring countries have come visiting one after another; heads of government from multiple European countries, including Ireland, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Spain, have arrived in succession, some even concurrently in China; among the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, the "four permanent members" have visited; and all members of the G7 except Japan have also come. Third, high coverage. The long list of visitors covers all corners of the world, from Africa to the Gulf region, from Europe to Latin America. Countries with different ideologies and alliance relationships all increasingly attach importance to China
"Looking east" and "aligning with China" have evolved from a rising momentum into an irreversible trend of the times. This trend reflects the international community's high recognition of China's role and contributions, has become the strategic choice of countries to proactively benchmark against and align with China in a world of turbulence and change, and highlights China's unique advantages as a global stabilizing force and development engine
Home-ground diplomacy is a major innovation in the practice of China's diplomacy since the new era. Our country has successfully served as the host of dozens of multilateral summits, such as the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia, APEC, the G20, the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, the BRICS Summit, the SCO Summit, the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations, the CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meeting, the China-Central Asia Summit, the Commemoration Conference marking the 70th anniversary of the issuance of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and the commemorative events for the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. During multilateral summits, General Secretary Xi Jinping, amid his busy schedule, held bilateral meetings with all participating heads of state and important heads of government, practically embodying the diplomatic philosophy that all countries, big or small, are equal, and becoming a vivid practice in promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind
APEC encompasses nearly 40% of the world's population, nearly 50% of global trade, and over 60% of global economic output. After hosting the 2001 Shanghai Summit and the 2014 Beijing Summit, the 2026 APEC Summit will be held in Shenzhen, China. The APEC China Year focuses on the three major priorities of "openness, innovation, and cooperation," aiming to build an Asia-Pacific community with a shared future that features openness and inclusiveness, innovative growth, connectivity, and win-win cooperation
Demonstrating the Great Wisdom of Embracing the World
China's head-of-state diplomacy displays a global vision of benefiting the world and caring for all humanity. The Global Development Initiative proposed in 2021, the Global Security Initiative proposed in 2022, the Global Civilization Initiative proposed in 2023, and the Global Governance Initiative proposedin 2025 have been put forward successively, interlocking and complementing each other, jointly serving as strategic guidance for building a community with a shared future for mankind and providing a solid practical foundation for improving global governance
The Global Development Initiative advocates placing development at an important position on the international agenda, consolidating consensus on development, actively cultivating new drivers for global development, building a global community of development, and promoting the realization of more robust, green, and healthy global development. Since the initiative was implemented five years ago, its cooperation network has covered more than 100 countries
The Global Security Initiative advocates a common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security concept, exploring and practicing a path for resolving hotspot issues with Chinese characteristics. When President Xi Jinping met with visiting leaders of Middle Eastern countries, he adhered to the principles of peaceful coexistence, national sovereignty, international rule of law, and balancing development and security. The brilliance of diplomatic wisdom is reflected in the profound grasp of "war and peace," demonstrating the great justice and great principle of putting people first and putting peace first
The Global Civilization Initiative advocates upholding a view of civilization featuring equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness, and building a world garden of civilizations where each appreciating its own unique beauty and sharing beauty with all. During his visits to many ancient civilizations, President Xi Jinping has actively advocated the diversity of civilizations, practiced the common values of all humanity, and displayed a character and bearing of possessing a broad and inclusive mind, confidence, and inclusiveness
The Global Governance Initiative takes sovereign equality, international rule of law, multilateralism, people-centeredness, and action orientation as its five core concepts, and has already received support and response from nearly 160 countries and international organizations. The "Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations" has been successively established in New York, Geneva, and Vienna, with membership reaching over 60 countries
Head-of-state diplomacy has received high praise from the international community, stemming from the responsibility of a major country characterized by unity of knowledge and action. Not long ago, at the "Shanghai Cooperation Organization+" meeting in Bishkek, President Xi Jinping issued the call to "jointly advocate an equal and orderly multipolar world," proposing to lead the reform and improvement of global governance with "SCO actions," adhering to partnership rather than alliance, dialogue rather than confrontation, adhering to extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, and promoting equal participation and universal benefit of all countries in global governance. This year, China will also host the first "Global Governance Forum," ushering in new opportunities for promoting more "early harvests" of the Global Governance Initiative
Facing rapid and unpredictable changes in the international situation, Chinese diplomacy will uphold the spirit of solidarity and cooperation, adhere to true multilateralism, promote a correct view of the history of World War II, firmly uphold the core position and authority of the United Nations, firmly follow the righteous path of a multipolar world, economic globalization, independent development paths, democratization of international relations, and diversity of civilizations
Creating New Platforms for International Cooperation
The all-round diplomatic layout and multi-level exchanges and interactions aim to create a favorable external environment for Chinese modernization. Head-of-state diplomacy leads by example through personal action, showing the world China's confidence in its future growth strategy, demonstrating the remarkable achievements of China's high-quality development, conveying China's firm confidence in openness and cooperation, and sharing the broad opportunities of Chinese modernization
The Belt and Road Initiative, first proposedin 2013, is a major strategic measure for China's opening up and the top-level design of economic diplomacy, as well as the most popular international public good and the largest international cooperation platform in today's world. Head-of-state diplomacy has promoted the implementation of major landmark projects such as infrastructure and production capacity cooperation, as well as "small but beautiful" livelihood projects overseas. The China-Europe Railway Express has seen its transport capacity multiply, the China-Laos Railway, the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway, and Peru's Chancay Port have been opened and put into operation, along with Luban Workshops, Juncao technology training, and others. These projects have promoted mutual benefit and win-win results among participating countries, leveraging nearly one trillion U.S. dollars in global investment, creating more than500,000 job opportunities, and helping lift 40 million people around the world out of poverty. The Belt and Road Initiative is a world project, a project of the century, and even more a project benefiting the people and warming their hearts
In 2018, the first China International Import Expo was held in Shanghai, making it the world's first national-level exhibition themed on imports. The China International Fair for Trade in Services, the China International Consumer Products Expo, the China International Supply Chain Expo, and the China International Intelligent Industry Expo have been successively established. Hainan Free Trade Port has officially launched island-wide customs closure operations. Since May 1 this year, China has become the world's first major economy to implement unilateral, full-coverage zero-tariff treatment for all 53 African countries having diplomatic relations with China and all least developed countries having diplomatic relations with China. China shares its super-large market with countries around the world, maintains the stability of global industrial and supply chains, and responds to "decoupling and severing supply chains," "small yard, high fence," and "camp-based small circles" with a higher level of opening up and broader, closer international economic and trade cooperation
Head-of-state diplomacy has injected stronger momentum into the opening up of the first year of the 15th Five-Year Plan. Practical cooperation is the foundation of head-of-state diplomacy, specifically reflected in the signing of more than ten documents on scientific, technological innovation, and economic, trade cooperation between China and South Korea, the signing of an economic and trade cooperation roadmap between China and Canada, and the comprehensive advancement of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway construction, among others. Foreign leaders and their large economic and trade delegations have proactively sought opportunities for cooperation with China; German Chancellor Merz specially inspected China's intelligent manufacturing and industrial robotics industries; General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee and President of Vietnam To Lam visited Xiong'an New Area, immersively experiencing the flying speed of the "Fuxing" high-speed train. Foreign parties vote with their feet, recognizing China's governance achievements and endorsing China's development path
Innovation is the core driving force for the accelerated breakthrough of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, with artificial intelligence, green transformation, quantum technology, and others becoming future emerging industries. In July this year, at the opening ceremony of the 2026 World Artificial Intelligence Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance held in Shanghai, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that all countries should uphold the concept of people-centeredness and goodness-oriented upward progress, jointly build a fair and reasonable global AI governance system; announced that over the next five years, China will provide 5,000 training opportunities for special AI seminars for developing countries; build international AI application cooperation centers for ASEAN, the Arab League, the African Union, CELAC, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and BRICS; and promote the application of the "Mazu" meteorological intelligent early warning solution in 30 countries. China has taken the lead in proposing forward-looking global strategies and open-source technologies in the field of artificial intelligence, which is based on the vigorous momentum of Chinese modernization and also reflects its sincere wish to share development opportunities and jointly create a better future
Shaping a New Landscape in China-World Relations
Major-country relations affect the international situation, and the evolution of the international situation profoundly affects domestic development. China's development cannot be separated from the world, and China's future will also profoundly affect the future of humanity. The world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation; if one observes China and the world in conjunction, one can clearly see that Chinese modernization is advancing steadily and continuously, forming a sharp contrast with the turbulence and volatility of the external environment
Facing the question of the times—"where is humanity headed"—General Secretary Xi Jinping has always paid attention to the future of humanity with profound global vision, diagnosing and prescribing solutions from the perspective of the long cycle of history and the common destiny of all humanity, putting forward a series of new concepts, new propositions, and new initiatives that are rich in Chinese characteristics, embody the spirit of the times, demonstrate the responsibility of a major country, and lead the trend of human development and progress, opening up new realms in the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism, opening up new paradigms in the theory and practice of Chinese diplomacy, and opening up a new journey in which China advances shoulder-to-shoulder with the world, sharing weal and woe
From the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012 to the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan" in 2026, Chinese diplomacy has adhered to confidence and self-reliance, openness and inclusiveness, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation, closely linking China's own development with the common development of the world. Over the past more than ten years, head-of-state diplomacy has connected ancient and modern times with a grand view of history, linked China and the world with global sentiments, always stood on the correct side of history and on the side of human civilization and progress, steering Chinese diplomacy onto a new journey
At present, major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics has entered a new stage in which it can achieve more and must achieve more. From the upcoming BRICS Summit, President Xi Jinping's visit to the United States, the APEC Shenzhen Summit to the G20 Summit, Chinese diplomacy will embrace the world with a confident and open posture, share development opportunities with sincere willingness, and lead global governance with courage and responsibility. Through the busy schedule of head-of-state diplomacy, the world can also see the demeanor of a major country in the new era of Chinese diplomacy that upholds fundamental principles and breaks new ground, the global sentiment of benefiting others while achieving oneself, the broad mind of openness and inclusiveness, the noble character of valuing friendship and righteousness, and the responsibility of seeking common development
Looking ahead, under the strategic guidance of China's head-of-state diplomacy, Chinese diplomacy will bravely shoulder responsibilities and forge ahead, shape a new landscape in China-world relations, elevate China's international influence, appeal, and shaping power to new heights, write an even more magnificent historical chapter in the great journey of building a community with a shared future for mankind, and create a more favorable international environment for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization
(Written by: Gao Fei, President of the China Foreign Affairs University; Bai Jie, Researcher at the Research Center for the Community with a Shared Future for Mankind)
Return to TopBy: 董跃
The deep sea harbors critical mineral and biological resources far exceeding those stored on land, and has become a strategically new frontier attracting high attention from all countries. In 2026, with the formal entry into force of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, and the intensive consultations on mining rules at the 31st session of the Council of the International Seabed Authority, global deep-sea governance has entered a critical period of strategic competition. As deep-sea technology matures and the window for commercial development approaches, the governance framework based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is undergoing profound adjustment, with multiple actors, multiple interests, and multiple rules interweaving and colliding. The direction of global deep-sea resource governance concerns not only the resource support for the energy transition, but will also reshape the fundamental contours of the future global maritime order.
A New Governance Landscape Amid Multi-Actor Competition
Deep-sea governance has broken the traditional model dominated by sovereign states, and the deep participation of various types of actors has made the governance landscape complex. According to the United Nations World Economic Situation and Prospects 2025 report, as of 2024, the International Seabed Authority had issued 31 deep-sea mineral exploration contracts to 21 entities from 20 countries. Commercial enterprises are no longer merely executors of development activities, but also participants in rule-making. Companies such as The Metals Company of Canada have invested heavily in mining trials on one hand, while on the other hand pushing through various channels to adjust rules in a direction favorable to commercial development. The voice of non-governmental forces is equally not to be ignored; BMW, Volvo, Google, Samsung, and more than 60 other large enterprises have formed an industry alliance, publicly refusing to use deep-sea minerals, striving to influence the governance process through market forces. Actors from the public sphere, the private sphere,and the social sphere jointly participate, forming a deep-sea resource governance landscape of public-private synergy.
Accompanying the diversification of governance actors is a marked camp-ization of governance models. The United States has never joined the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, participating in the work process of the International Seabed Authority only as an observer. In April 2025, Trump signed an executive order, activating the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act of 1980, allowing American enterprises to bypass the International Seabed Authority and directly apply for mining permits in international seabed areas. Only five days after the executive order was issued, the American subsidiary of The Metals Company of Canada submitted exploration and mining applications covering nearly 200,000 square kilometers. In March 2026, the United States signed a memorandum of cooperation with Japan on jointly developing deep-sea mineral resources, and both sides will establish a joint working group, a move viewed by outsiders as an attempt to establish an independent system of development rules outside the multilateral framework. The European Union, together with more than 40 countries, has called for a precautionary pause on deep-sea mining within the framework of the International Seabed Authority,and pushed for the adoption of strict environmental standards
Echoing the diversification of governance actors, the boundaries of deep-sea governance issues are constantly expanding, and the link between resource development and ecological protection is growing ever closer. In the past, discussions on deep-sea resource development focused more on the allocation of mining rights and the sharing of revenues. Today, ecological protection has become an indispensable or essential (不可或缺, bu ke huo que - "not, can, or, not") prerequisite for all types of development proposals. In the negotiations on mining rules at the International Seabed Authority, environmental damage thresholds, biodiversity impact assessments, regional environmental management plans, and other content have consumed most of the negotiation time. All development applications must be accompanied by complete ecological monitoring and restoration plans, and the single logic of resource allocation has already yielded to a comprehensive consideration balancing development and protection
Furthermore, the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction formally entered into force on January 17, 2026. As an international legal framework comprehensively and systematically regulating deep-sea biological resources and genetic resources, its future implementation will also exert a fundamental influence on the licensing, exploration, and sharing of deep-sea biological resources as well as genetic resources. In the agreement negotiations, various camps have had major disputes around different issues, and the vagueness and elasticity of various clauses also mean that its future implementation will face a very complex situation of strategic competition
Tracing the Drivers of Governance Competition
The fundamental reason deep-sea resource governance has become a focal point of high global attention lies in the accelerated advancement of the global energy transition, which has rapidly highlighted the value of deep-sea strategic minerals. According to estimates by the International Energy Agency, by 2050 global nickel demand will grow by nearly half, and cobalt demand will grow by 80 percent; these metals are indispensable or essential key raw materials for power batteries, energy storage equipment, and wind power equipment. Contrasting with rising demand is the continued depletion of land-based mineral resources. Exploration data from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the eastern Pacific show that this sea area harbors 21.1 billion tons dry weight of polymetallic nodules, with cobalt reserves alone equivalent to nearly 200 times the current global annual mining output, and nickel reserves also exceeding proven recoverable reserves on land. The enormous resource potential makes the deep sea an inevitable choice for countries to secure resource security for the energy transition, directly driving the upsurge in deep-sea development
The deep sea is not only a treasure trove of resources, but also a strategic space bearing on the future maritime order; the strategic competition among maritime powers has already exceeded the mere level of resource acquisition, rising to a contest over strategic space control and the leading role in international rule-making. The United States has successively issued policies to advance deep-sea mining, whose purpose is not merely to obtain mineral resources, but even more to seize the leading role in deep-sea rule-making, secure the security of critical mineral supply chains, and counterbalance the first-mover advantages of other countries in the deep-sea field. Japan has incorporated deep-sea minerals into its overall layout of "resource diplomacy"; while signing the memorandum of cooperation with the United States, it has continuously invested in deep-sea mining technology research and development, completed a deep-sea rare-earth mud collection and lifting experiment in 2025, and also completed exploration layouts at multiple hydrothermal sulfide mining areas in the western Pacific. Russia, for its part, has tied deep-sea development to its Arctic strategy and the development of the Northern Sea Route, expanding exploration scope in the Arctic Ocean and deep-sea areas of the Atlantic, strengthening its actual control over deep-sea areas of the Arctic
The urgent demand of the international community for deep-sea governance rules stands in sharp contrast to the inefficiency of multilateral mechanisms, which is also an important reason for the accelerated evolution of the current governance landscape. The International Seabed Authority launched negotiations on the Regulations on Prospecting and Exploration for Mineral Resources in the Area in 2019, and after seven years they have still not been finalized, with key points of contention deadlocked for a long time. How should the allowable thresholds for environmental damage be set, how should development revenues be fairly distributed among developing countries, and how should inspection and compliance mechanisms for transnational mining activities be implemented — these important questions involve the vital interests of different camps, and under the "consensus" decision-making model of multilateral negotiations, it is difficult to reach consensus in the short term. The gap in rules has prompted some countries to choose to bypass multilateral frameworks, setting rules first through unilateral legislation and bilateral cooperation, which in turn has further undermined the authority of multilateral mechanisms
The Evolutionary Trends of the Deep-Sea Order
The negotiation process for international deep-sea mining rules is continuously accelerating, and specific norms will gradually be refined and implemented. Since 2026, the International Seabed Authority has noticeably quickened its negotiation pace; the first session of the 31st session of the Council, concluded in March, sorted out a list of outstanding issues, and the second session, held in July, is conducting substantive consultations on key clauses such as effective control over mining activities, inspection and compliance mechanisms, balanced distribution of benefits, protection of underwater cultural heritage, and other key provisions; the Secretariat has issued the third consolidated revision of the rules, planning to form a final draft by the end of 2026. In response to unilateral mining actions by some countries, the Assembly of the International Seabed Authority is promoting the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the the Sea to issue an advisory opinion, clarifying the legal responsibilities of non-State parties conducting unilateral development in international seabed areas, providing judicial support for the enforcement of rules. The next two to three years will be a critical window period for the finalization of deep-sea mining rules, and relevant technical standards, environmental norms, and benefit-sharing mechanisms will all gradually move from principled provisions toward operable specific rules
The constraints of ecological protection will continue to strengthen, and sustainable development will become the mainstream orientation accepted by all parties. Whether it is the camp supporting mining or the camp advocating a pause, no one can deny the foundational status of deep-sea ecological protection. The European Union's push for a global pause resolution, the joint boycott of deep-sea minerals by large enterprises — these actions are in essence forcing development activities to meet the most stringent ecological requirements. At present, the International Seabed Authority has already designated 13 areas of particular environmental interest in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, requiring that all exploration and development activities must avoid these areas. Future deep-sea development will inevitably be accompanied by whole-chain ecological protection obligations: before mining, a complete baseline survey of the regional environment must be completed; during mining, real-time ecological monitoring must be carried out; after mining ends, long-term ecological restoration responsibilities must be borne
Cooperation and competition among major powers will coexist for a long time, and deep-sea governance will evolve in the direction of inclusive development. Despite competition among small multilateral rule systems, no single country can completely set aside the multilateral framework and dominate the deep-sea order alone. The unilateral actions of the United States have been met with widespread criticism from the international community from the very beginning; even Japan, which has engaged in bilateral cooperation with the United States, has never withdrawn from the negotiation process of the International Seabed Authority, repeatedly expressing support for rule-making within the multilateral framework. Although the European Union advocates a pause on mining, it has also consistently participated deeply in the negotiations on mining regulations, without closing the door to dialogue and cooperation with other camps. The future deep-sea governance will not be a hegemonic order dominated by a single camp, nor will it fall into a completely fragmented anarchic state, but rather, on the basis of a series of principles established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the the Sea, it will accommodate small multilateral cooperation at different levels, gradually forming an inclusive system of rules that takes into account the interests of all parties amid ongoing competition
Return to TopBy: 王琦
Adhering to strict discipline in governing and managing the entire Party is one of the core connotations of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, the "Fourteen Commitments" (十四个坚持). Party discipline is the code of conduct that all Party organizations and all Party members must abide by, and is the guarantee for maintaining Party unity and solidarity and accomplishing the Party's tasks. Strict discipline is a glorious tradition and unique advantage of the Party, an important guarantee and successful experience for achieving historic accomplishments in governing and managing the Party in the new era, and also the practical requirement for advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party in depth on the new journey.
Strict discipline is a glorious tradition and unique advantage of the Party
Strict discipline is the essential attribute of a Marxist political party. Attaching importance to the discipline of a proletarian political party is an important element in Marxist theory on Party building, and is an inevitable requirement for maintaining Party unity, solidarity, and centralized, unified leadership. Through strict discipline, the proletarian political party closely unites Party members together, forging the Party into a piece of hard steel. In the view of Marx and Engels, strict discipline is necessary. In May 1859, in a letter to Engels, Marx emphasized: "We must now absolutely maintain Party discipline, otherwise we will accomplish nothing." In leading the Russian revolution, Lenin formed a relatively complete body of theory on the new-type proletarian political party, emphasizing that,"Unconditional centralization and extremely strict discipline of the proletariat are one of the basic conditions for defeating the bourgeoisie." In September 1920, Cai Hesen wrote to Mao Zedong discussing the establishment of the Communist Party of China, proposing that"Party discipline is iron discipline." It can be said that, since the day of its birth, the Party has written strict discipline onto its own banner.
During the New Democratic Revolution period, strict Party discipline and military discipline were important guarantees for ensuring the Party's unity, solidarity, and victory in revolution. The Program of the Communist Party of China adopted at the First National Congress made provisions on the Party's name, program, conditions for Party membership, Party organization, and Party discipline, with 6 of its 15 articles involving discipline. The Constitution of the Communist Party of China adopted at the Second National Congress set up a special fourth chapter,"Discipline," and passed the"Resolution on the Organizational Charter of the Communist Party," stipulating 7 items of organizational discipline, reflecting the Party's early high attention to discipline building. The Party Constitution adopted at the Third National Congress made provisions on strengthening financial supervision and reinforcing organizational discipline. The Fifth National Congress decided to establish the Central Supervisory Commission, for the first time putting forward the concept of"political discipline." The Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee put forward the organizational principle and disciplinary norm of"four subordinations." The Party Constitution adopted at the Seventh National Congress established the disciplinary enforcement policy of"criticize mistakes to prevent future errors (惩前毖后, cheng qian bi hou -"punish the past, hope for the future")and curing the illness to save the patient." The Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee put forward the"two musts"and established the"six regulations."
During the period of socialist revolution and construction, facing the new task of governing the whole country, the Party attached high importance to discipline building. In the early days after the founding of New China, the Party Central Committee decided to establish discipline inspection commissions at central and local levels, which played an important role in improving intra-Party political life and consolidating the Party's governing position. The Party Constitution adopted at the Eighth National Congress set up a special seventh chapter,"The Party's Supervisory Organs," dividing Party disciplinary sanctions into five categories, which continue to this day. During the"Cultural Revolution," central and local supervisory commissions were abolished, and discipline building suffered severe damage.
Entering the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, summing up positive and negative experiences and lessons, the connotation of discipline building was further enriched. Deng Xiaoping profoundly pointed out:"For a country as large as ours, how can we unite and organize? First, by ideals; second, by discipline." The Party Constitution adopted at the Twelfth National Congress restored the special chapter on"Discipline," and for the first time set up a special chapter on"The Party's Discipline Inspection Organs." Our Party carried out a comprehensive rectification of the Party, purifying Party organizations, rectifying Party discipline, improving Party rules and discipline, and promoting the continuous development of Party discipline building toward scientificization and standardization.
Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party places emphasis on strengthening discipline building
If discipline is not strict, strict governance of the Party is out of the question. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has both made great efforts to establish institutions and set rules, and placed the enforcement of discipline in a more prominent position, ensuring with strict discipline that the tasks of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party are truly implemented, fundamentally reversing the previous lax, loose, and soft state of Party governance and management.
Establish all disciplines and rules, achieving the availability of discipline to rely on. The availability of discipline to rely on is the premise of strict discipline; the Party's disciplinary provisions must be continuously improved according to the situation and the needs of Party building. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee has formulated and revised a series of foundational and critical intra-Party regulations, including the"Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party under the New Situation," the"Code of Integrity and Self-Discipline of the Communist Party of China," the"Regulations on Disciplinary Actions of the Communist Party of China," the"Regulations on Intra-Party Supervision of the Communist Party of China," the"Regulations on Inspection Work of the Communist Party of China," the"Regulations on Accountability of the Communist Party of China," and the"Regulations on the Work of the Discipline Inspection Commissions of the Communist Party of China," truly establishing, tightening, and making strict the discipline. In particular, the"Regulations on Disciplinary Actions of the Communist Party of China" has been revised three times, achieving full coverage in content, full coverage in targets, full chain of responsibility, and full interconnection in institutions, releasing the signal that the further one goes, the stricter it becomes.
Strengthen political discipline and organizational discipline, driving all disciplines to be strict in an all-round way. In strictly enforcing Party discipline, the primary task is to strictly enforce political discipline. Among all Party disciplines and rules, political discipline and political rules occupy the first position. Political discipline is the code of conduct that Party organizations at all levels and all Party members must abide by in political direction, political stance, political speech, and political behavior; it is the general requirement that governs direction, governs stance, and governs fundamentals; it is a fundamental issue that determines direction and stance and reflects the Party's nature and purpose. No matter which aspect of discipline is violated, it will ultimately erode the Party's governing foundation; in the final analysis, all violations are destruction of the Party's political discipline. If political discipline cannot be upheld, it will affect compliance with other disciplines. Therefore, speaking politics, abiding by political discipline and political rules always ranks first; it is necessary to grasp this key link and use it to drive strictness in other disciplines. The Two Upholds (两个维护) are the Party's highest political principle and fundamental political rule; in abiding by the Party's political discipline, the most core element is to uphold the Party's leadership, maintain high consistency with the Party Central Committee, and consciously uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee. Strictly enforce the Party's organizational discipline, enhancing organizational discipline. The Party's strength comes from organization; the Party's overall leadership and all of the Party's work must be realized through the Party's strong organizational system. Only when the Party's organizational system is connected from top to bottom and tightly organized can the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee be strong and effective, can it ensure that the Party Central Committee's orders are unimpeded and that the entire Party obeys orders and prohibitions. A lax, loose, and sloppy organization cannot do things, nor can it accomplish anything.
Adhere to discipline being stricter than law, discipline preceding law, putting discipline to the fore. Before the 18th National Congress of the Party, due to the failure to distinguish discipline from law, the legal bottom line that citizens must not violate was taken as the disciplinary bottom line for Party organizations and Party members, resulting in phenomena such as"either a good comrade or a prisoner,""serving a prison sentence while retaining Party membership," which failed to reflect the Party's advanced nature and purity, failed to reflect the high standards and strict requirements for Party members, especially leading cadres. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee put forward the important thesis that"Party rules and discipline are stricter than national law," which is an important achievement of institutional innovation since the 18th National Congress of the Party. Our Party is a vanguard; the requirements for Party members should be stricter;both the Party's nature and purpose determine that discipline is stricter than law and discipline precedes law
Strengthen disciplinary enforcement, making discipline truly become a high-voltage line with electricity. In all matters under heaven, it is not difficult to legislate, but difficult to ensure that the law is necessarily implemented. The vitality of discipline lies in enforcement; one part deployment, nine parts implementation; formulating institutions is very important, but what is more important is to grasp implementation, and nine parts of effort must be spent on this. Having institutions but not enforcing them is more harmful than having no institutions at all; without strict discipline as a guarantee, institutions are just a piece of dead paper. Strictly enforcing discipline and rules requires not only perfect content, but also a disciplinary enforcement process that upholds principles and does not discount them. Compliance with Party discipline is unconditional; it is necessary to match words with deeds, enforce discipline whenever it exists, investigate violations whenever they occur, investigate and handle each violation as it is discovered, not allow the existence of special Party members not bound by discipline, and absolutely never allow discipline to become"plasticine"or"scarecrow"; it is necessary, through strict enforcement of discipline, to truly make discipline"grow teeth"and"carry electricity," making iron rules exert force and prohibitions gain authority, truly making discipline become the"ruler"for governing and managing the Party.
Connect disciplinary enforcement with law enforcement, deeply apply the"four forms." Countless cases have proven that Party members who"break the law" invariably begin with"breaking discipline." Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has creatively put forward the"four forms" of supervision and discipline enforcement on the basis of practice. In October 2016, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee adopted the"Regulations on Intra-Party Supervision of the Communist Party of China," for the first time clarifying them in the form of intra-Party regulations. The"four forms" embody the disciplinary enforcement concept of grasping things early and small, nipping problems in the bud (防微杜渐, fang wei du jian -"prevent tiny, stop gradual"), through setting up defenses at every level and reminding at all times, enabling Party members and cadres to commit few or no mistakes. The"four forms" also embody adhering to the organic unity of law-based governance and governing the Party according to regulations, connecting disciplinary enforcement with law enforcement, and advancing supervision, discipline enforcement, and supervisory law enforcement as an integrated whole
Comprehensively bring into play the Party discipline's roles of education, restraint, guarantee, and encouragement
Party discipline and undertaking work are intrinsically unified. The purpose of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is not to manage people to death, making people look forward and backward, hesitant and timid in action (畏首畏尾, wei shou wei wei -"fear head, fear tail"), turning everything into a lifeless, stagnant pool of gloom and inaction, but rather, through clarifying direction, establishing rules, rectifying conduct, and strengthening immunity, to create a positive, healthy political ecology and good environment conducive to undertaking work. Strict discipline is also goal-oriented toward encouraging undertaking work. The"Regulations on Disciplinary Actions of the Communist Party of China" stipulates that, if a Party member's conduct causes losses or consequences, but is not due to intent or negligence, but rather caused by force majeure and other reasons, Party disciplinary responsibility shall not be pursued; disciplinary sanction work must adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts; abuse of accountability shall not be permitted. This provides institutional guarantees for implementing the"three distinctions," and also transmits a signal to all Party members and cadres: Party discipline is both a"tightening spell"and a"protective talisman," aimed at protecting those who dare to take responsibility and actively act; those who abide by discipline and rules will possess full freedom and broad space for undertaking work
Strengthen disciplinary education, cultivating disciplinary self-awareness. Party discipline is both coercive in nature and built upon the self-awareness of Party members and cadres. Coerciveness functions on a minority of people at a minority of times, while self-awareness influences the majority of people at the majority of times. Make widely known what the Party's discipline and rules are, what can be done, and what cannot be done, without resorting to punishment without prior education. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, each centralized intra-Party education campaign deployed by the Party Central Committee has taken disciplinary education as an important element, and in 2024, the first centralized study and education campaign in Party history with Party discipline as its theme was carried out. Strengthening Party discipline building is a routine task; it is necessary to establish a normalized, long-term effective disciplinary education mechanism, grasp both positive and negative typical cases, adhere to simultaneously grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline, guide Party members and cadres to transform heteronomous discipline into self-discipline, always be clear-minded persons regarding discipline, strengthen disciplinary awareness, enhance self-control, achieve being cautious in private and in small matters (慎独慎微, shen du shen wei -"cautious solitude, cautious smallness")in the smallest details, always hold the bottom line, not cross the red line, not touch the high-voltage line, and internalize discipline into behavioral norms used daily without conscious awareness
Since the founding of the Communist Party of China 105 years ago, strict discipline has been the distinctive hallmark of our Party's enduring advanced nature and purity, and an important guarantee for our Party's continuous advancement from victory to victory. On the new journey, the more complex the situation the Party faces and the more arduous the tasks it shoulders, the more necessary it is to strengthen discipline building, the more necessary it is to maintain the Party's unity, solidarity, ensure the entire Party unifies will, unifies action, and advances in step. To deeply study and implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, it is necessary to adhere to using strict discipline to govern and manage the entire Party, providing strong disciplinary guarantees for comprehensively advancing the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization.
Return to TopBy: 张航
Case Studies
In recent years, a number of Party members and leading cadres involved in abuse of power, using power for personal gain, and power rent-seeking have been seriously investigated and punished. In January 2024, the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Supervisory Commission reported that Xu Wenrong, former Deputy Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Deputy General Manager of China National Petroleum Corporation, was expelled from the Party for serious violations of discipline and law. The notification pointed out that Xu Wenrong was obsessed with official status and power (官迷心窍, guan mi xin qiao - "official, obsessed, heart, confused"), with his heart consumed by the lust for power; he illegally engaged in profit-making activities, arranged for family members to hold nominal positions and draw salaries at state-owned shareholding enterprises, showed a complete disregard for disciplinary and legal bottom lines, acting recklessly and abusing power (擅权妄为, shan quan wang wei - "unauthorized, power, recklessly, act"), living off petroleum while working in petroleum, engaging in large-scale power-money deals, using his position to seek profits for others in enterprise operations, project contracting, and personnel arrangements, and illegally accepting huge amounts of property. In November 2021, the Ankang Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervisory Commission reported: Yang Haibo, former Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Director of the Municipal Bureau of Culture, Tourism, Radio, and Television, was suspected of serious violations of discipline and law and accepted disciplinary review and supervisory investigation. After investigation, Yang Haibo violated work discipline, failed to properly perform his duties, interfered in engineering construction projects, causing already-paid project funds to far exceed the audited approved cost; at the same time, he used his position to engage in large-scale power rent-seeking, providing assistance to others in contracting and implementing engineering projects and in disbursing project funds, illegally accepting bribes from others in huge amounts, suspected of the crime of accepting bribes. In January he was expelled from the Party and dismissed from public office, and his suspected criminal issues were transferred to procuratorial organs for lawful review and prosecution. In May 2022, Yang Haibo was sentenced to three years in prison for the crime of accepting bribes, along with a fine of 250,000 yuan.
From the cases of Party members and leading cadres investigated and punished in recent years involving abuse of power, using power for personal gain, and power rent-seeking, it can be seen that some Party members and leading cadres have alienated public power into a tool for personal gain, seriously damaging the Party's image and the government's public credibility, undermining market order and social fairness. The main manifestations of Party members and leading cadres using public power for private gain are: First, using decision-making power or approval power to set up rents and seek rents — Party members and leading cadres in "top-leader" or key positions, at links such as approval of major projects, allocation of resources, contracting of projects, by setting exclusive conditions, leaking internal information, illegally issuing permits, and other means, "tailor-make" arrangements for specific connected persons, thereby accepting dry shares, kickbacks, or favor fees. Second, in law enforcement, judiciary, and administrative supervision, soliciting bribes or demanding illegal fees (吃拿卡要, chi na ka yao - "eat, take, card, demand"), selectively enforcing the law, and fabricating pretexts to demand property from those under management or service. Third, conducting indirect benefit transfers through relatives or specific connected persons, with cadres manipulating behind the scenes while fronts cash out. Fourth, using concealed means such as loans and options to cover up power-money deals, and so on.
Article 94 of the Regulations on Disciplinary Actions of the Communist Party of China stipulates: "Party members and leading cadres must correctly exercise the power endowed by the people, remain honest and upright, oppose privileged thinking and privileged phenomena, and oppose any act of abusing power or seeking personal gain. Where one uses one's position or the influence of one's position to seek benefits for others, and one's own spouse, children, spouses of children, and other relatives or specific connected persons accept property from the other party, if circumstances are relatively serious, a warning or a serious warning shall be given; if circumstances are serious, removal from Party posts, probation within the Party, or expulsion from the Party shall be imposed." Article 33 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Sanctions for Public Officials stipulates: "Where any of the following acts is committed, a warning, demerit, or serious demerit shall be given; where circumstances are relatively serious, demotion or removal from post shall be imposed; where circumstances are serious, dismissal shall be imposed: (1) engaging in corruption or bribery; (2) using one's position or the influence of one's position to seek private gain for oneself or others; (3) conniving at or acquiescing in specific connected persons using one's position or the influence of one's position to seek private gain. Where one refuses to rectify, as required, specific connected persons' irregular appointment, part-time employment, or business operations, and does not submit to job adjustment, removal from post shall be imposed." Article 385 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates: "Where a state functionary takes advantage of his position to extort property from others, or illegally accepts property from others and seeks benefits for others, this constitutes the crime of accepting bribes. Where a state functionary, in economic activities, violates state regulations, accepts kickbacks or service fees of various names for personal ownership, this shall be treated as the crime of accepting bribes." These legal provisions make strict provisions on the determination and handling of acts using public power for private gain.
The phenomenon of using public power for private gain is not merely the corruption and degeneration of a few black sheep or persons who spoil a group (害群之马, hai qun zhi ma - "harm, group, of, horse"), but rather a systemic risk that erodes the Party's governing foundation. Specifically: first, it destroys the political ecosystem, breeding small cliques and "mountain-stronghold mentality." When normal comradely relations are hijacked by "market transaction rules" and "gangster fraternity culture," the integrity and purity of intra-Party political life are undermined. Second, it hollows out public resources and hinders high-quality development. Using public power for private gain leads to disorder in resource allocation, with the circulation and allocation of land, funds, and projects being manipulated behind closed doors, resulting in losses of state-owned assets, deterioration of the business environment, and so on. Third, it affects Party-mass and cadre-mass relations, overdrawing government public credibility. The masses' most direct perception of corruption comes from "people around them," and the arbitrary exercise of power by grassroots law enforcers erodes the masses' sense of identification, undermining the foundation of grassroots governance. Fourth, it intensifies social contradictions and corrupts social mores. When public power degenerates into a tool for accumulating wealth, hedonism and money worship spread among the cadre ranks, thereby distorting social value orientations.
The problem of Party members and leading cadres using public power for private gain is complex and severe, and its causes are multifaceted. First, ideals and convictions slide and the view of power becomes distorted. Many fallen cadres, after gaining power in their hands, distort "becoming an official to get rich" into an absolute truth or something that is naturally right (天经地义, tian jing di yi - "heaven, classics, earth, right"), forgetting the fundamental principle that "power is exercised for the people." Second, there are blind spots in the supervision and restraint of power. When the power of the "top leader" is overly concentrated, situations such as "one person calling the shots in decision-making" occur, and coupled with insufficient information disclosure and opaque power operation, space is left for power rent-seeking. Third, the erosion of unhealthy political ecosystems and external environments. In some units and departments, the phenomenon of lax and soft Party governance and self-governance still exists, especially at the supervision stage, where turning a blind eye to something (睁一只眼闭一只眼, zheng yi zhi yan bi yi zhi yan - "open, one, eye, close, one, eye") is adopted toward tendencies and problems of a nascent nature, allowing small problems to evolve into major hidden dangers; at the same time, some Party members and leading cadres still believe in the unspoken rules of "money gets things done" and "spending money to ward off disaster," and these phenomena objectively abet the breeding and spread of using public power for private gain.
To govern the use of public power for private gain, it requires not only Party members and leading cadres themselves to strengthen their convictions and character (补钙壮骨, bu gai zhuang gu - "supplement, calcium, strengthen, bone"), be cautious in private and in small matters (慎独慎微, shen du shen wei - "cautious, alone, cautious, tiny"), and maintain integrity and self-discipline, but also relevant departments to strengthen ideological education, improve institutional constraints, and intensify supervision and punishment.
Ideologically, it is necessary to build a solid dike against corruption and degeneration. Establish a correct view of power, view of political achievements, and view of career, truly understanding "where power comes from and for whom it is exercised"; carry out warning education, paying particular attention to in-depth analysis of people and matters around oneself, thereby enabling the broad ranks of Party members and leading cadres to know reverence, preserve fear, and hold bottom lines, effectively enhancing discipline awareness and rule awareness; guide Party members and leading cadres to transform heteronomous discipline into self-discipline, strictly guard the gateway of power exercise, strictly observe disciplinary bottom lines, establish the image of loyal, clean, and responsible cadres, create a clean and upright political atmosphere (风清气正, feng qing qi zheng - "wind, clear, air, upright"), and confine power within the cage of institutions. With regard to high-risk areas such as resource approval and engineering construction, relevant departments should formulate power lists and responsibility lists, refine standards for discretionary power, so that every power has clear boundaries and operating rules; improve information disclosure mechanisms, promote transparency in the process of power operation, so that the masses can see it and supervise it; integrate integrity requirements into the entire process of cadre selection, assessment, and training, promote family-style construction, manage well family members, relatives, and staff around oneself, so that "being proud of integrity and ashamed of corruption" becomes a consensus of the whole society. In supervision, it is necessary to build a coordinated and efficient supervision pattern. Further connect intra-Party supervision, people's congress supervision, democratic supervision, judicial supervision, mass supervision, public opinion supervision, and other forms, give play to the sharp sword role of inspections and patrols, with emphasis on strengthening supervision over "top leaders" and cadres in key positions; intensify daily supervision, achieve early detection, early warning, and early reminder of problems of a nascent or tendency nature, be adept at using the "four forms" of discipline enforcement and supervision, grasp things early and at the small stage, nipping problems in the bud (防微杜渐, fang wei du jian - "prevent, tiny, block, gradual"); be adept at using big data technology to conduct real-time monitoring and early warning of fund flows and approval trajectories, so that new-type corruption and hidden corruption have nowhere to hide. In accountability, it is necessary to adhere to no forbidden zones, full coverage, and zero tolerance, investigating every case discovered and punishing every case investigated, never being lenient or indulgent. Further promote simultaneous investigation of bribe-givers and bribe-takers, resolutely cut off the "hunting" chain, so that bribe-givers pay a heavy price; strictly implement "dual investigation of the same case," investigating both the parties involved and the problems of inadequate implementation of primary responsibility and supervision responsibility, forming a powerful deterrent that "whoever reaches out will be caught, and whoever is caught will be severely punished"; improve the mechanism for tolerating and correcting errors, protect cadres who dare to take responsibility and are clean and honest in their work, so that those who accomplish things get positions.
Return to TopBy: 罗星
Discipline is the "yardstick" for the Party to govern itself and govern the Party, and also the standard and guide for Party members and cadres to restrain their own behavior. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building clearly puts forward "persisting in governing the whole Party and managing the whole Party with strict discipline," emphasizing that this is the fundamental measure for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, fully demonstrating the important position of strict discipline in advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. It is necessary to further give play to the role of discipline building in addressing both symptoms and root causes (标本兼治, biao ben jian zhi - "mark, pattern, treat, treat"), so as to provide a strong disciplinary guarantee for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization.
Our Party is a Marxist political party organized by revolutionary ideals and iron discipline, and strict discipline is the Party's fine tradition and political advantage. During the revolutionary war years, Mao Zedong made the important thesis that"strengthening discipline, the revolution will be invincible." In the early period of reform and opening up, Deng Xiaoping pointed out that, for a country as large as ours, how can we be united? It depends first on ideals, second on discipline. Entering the new era, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the Party must govern the Party, and govern it strictly—by what means does it govern, and by what basis does it govern strictly? It must rely on strict discipline. These important expositions highlight the important position of discipline building in governing the Party, governing the Party strictly, and governing the country. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, our country's development is in a period when strategic opportunities and risksand challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors increase. Facing the profound and complex changes in the domestic and international situation, only by persisting in governing the whole Party and managing the whole Party with strict discipline, ensuring the whole Party unifies its will, unifies its actions, and advances acting in perfect unison (步调一致, bu diao yi zhi - "step, tempo, one, consistent"), can we overcome various risksand challenges.
Take deeply comprehending the decisive significance of the Two Establishments (两个确立) and resolutely achieving the Two Upholds (两个维护) as the primary political discipline, and take safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership as the most fundamental political discipline and political rule. More resolutely and forcefully implement the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, and formulate effective implementation plans in light of the resource and factor endowments and actual development of the local region and department. Intensify investigation and punishment of violations of political discipline, pay attention to identifying and resolutely eliminating"double-faced persons" who harbor ulterior motives and are acting inconsistently with what one says (言行不一, yan xing bu yi - "speech, action, not, one"), promptly discover and make every effort to solve the problems of"seven types of persons with ulterior motives," seriously rectify and correct liberalism in ideology, opportunism in politics, factionalism in organization, departmentalism in work, and the mentality of being a "good guy" in fulfilling responsibilities, so as to ensure the Party's unity and solidarity.
Highlight the integration of discipline enforcement and law enforcement, and continuously improve the discipline enforcement and law enforcement system compatible with the modern governance system. For acts violating Party discipline and Party rules, wherever discovered, resolutely investigate and punish each one, effectively safeguarding the rigidity and seriousness of discipline, preventing the"broken window effect." Use big data and informatization means to deeply mine problem clues, continuously improve the ability to promptly discover new trends and new characteristics of violations of discipline and law. Incorporate the requirements of"coordination and linkage"and"discipline stricter than law" throughout all links including the formulation planning, pre-review, discipline enforcement and law enforcement of disciplinary norms, promoting the mutual integration of Party discipline and national law.
Advance the normalization and long-term effectiveness of Party discipline education. It is necessary to take tempering Party spirit as a lifelong subject, be good at drawing Party spirit nourishment from the Party's innovative theories, pay attention to tempering political character in the great furnace of intra-Party political life, continuously strengthen idealsand convictions, forge loyalty to the Party, cultivate deep feelings for the people, and purify moral character. Focus on the"key minority," strengthen discipline education for"top leaders"and leading bodies, highlight discipline education for key targets such as newly promoted cadres, young cadres, and cadres in key positions, effectively solve the problems of not taking Party discipline and Party rules seriously, not understanding them, and not mastering them. Enhance the targetedness and effectiveness of building a culture of integrity in the new era, pay attention to combining positive education with negative warnings, place family, family education, and family values building in a prominent position, and foster a good social atmosphere of advocating integrity and rejecting corruption.
Comprehensively give play to the roles of Party discipline education in constraining, guaranteeing, and motivating. Accurately apply the"four forms," correctly grasp policiesand strategies, neither wronging the innocent nor letting the guilty escape, be objective and fair, achieve the organic unity of political effects, disciplinary and legal effects, and social effects. In supervision and discipline enforcement, it is necessary to clearly distinguish whether one acts"for the public"or"for the private," discern whether it is"unintentional"or"intentional," and precisely achieve the goals of taking responsibility for those who take responsibility, backing those who shoulder responsibility, and supporting those who do solid work. It is necessary to accurately grasp the relationship between"discipline"and"responsibility," build a precise and effective accountability mechanism, promote the construction of a responsibility system with clear subjects, clear requirements, avoid the phenomenon of generalization and oversimplification, and promote Party members and cadres to unify cleanliness with responsibility, diligence with integrity. Seriously investigate and punish acts of false accusation and framing, deepen the work of clarifying names and rehabilitating those falsely accused, strengthen the application of follow-up visitand return visit results for disciplined Party members, and guide Party members and cadres to forge ahead boldly and act actively on the premise of abiding by disciplineand rules.
Return to TopBy: 谢延秀 崔苗
During the Yan'an period, facing the arduous and heroic revolutionary struggle and the flourishing and vigorous construction of the base areas, the Communist Party of China recognized that "revolutionary literature and art are a part of the entire revolutionary cause." By strengthening organizational leadership, anchoring the direction of serving the people, and guiding literature and art to take root in practice, it enabled literary and artistic work to better serve the revolutionary struggle and base area construction, opened up a new path for the Party's leadership over the development of literature and art, and left a profound mark on the history of modern literary and artistic development.
"We must also have a cultural army"
In October 1935, the Party Central Committee arrived at Wuqi Town after the Long March. Facing the increasingly grave situation of the Chinese nation's crisis, the Party recognized that "to defeat our enemies, we must first rely on the army that holds guns. But merely having such an army is not enough; we must also have a cultural army," placing literary and artistic work within the overall plan of the Chinese revolution and using it as "a powerful weapon for uniting the people, educating the people, striking at enemies, and annihilating enemies." On November 22, 1936, the Chinese Literary and Art Association was established in Bao'an ( present-day Zhidan),, organizing literary and artistic workers together and promoting creative activities in fields such as drama, literature, music, and fine arts. Mao Zedong attended the founding meeting and pointed out, "We must proceed on both literary and military aspects. We must use the literary aspect to persuade those who are unwilling to stop the civil war," praising this as "a pioneering undertaking in the Soviet movement of the past decade."
After the full-scale War of Resistance Against Japan broke out, countless intellectual youths and literary and artistic workers responded to the policy of the anti-Japanese national united front and flocked to Yan'an from all over the country and even from overseas. The Party Central Committee made absorbing intellectuals an important policy, trusting literary and artistic workers politically, providing them platforms to display their talents in work, and doing its best to take care of them in daily life. Under limited conditions, the Party Central Committee and the government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region opened schools, established organizations, and founded publications, providing positions for literary and artistic work. In April 1938, the Lu Xun Academy of Art was established in Yan'an; upon its second anniversary it was renamed the "Lu Xun Academy of Literature and Art," with Mao Zedong personally inscribing the school name and school motto. The Academy offered majors in literature, drama, music, and fine arts, adhered to equal emphasis on political education and artistic teaching, and cultivated a group of literary and artistic backbone personnel serving the War of Resistance. In 1939, the "Yellow River Cantata," with lyrics by poet Guang Weiran and music by Xian Xinghai, head of the Academy's music department, was sung across Yan'an, becoming a powerful voice of the era that inspired the nation's fighting spirit.
With the Party's guidance and support, literary and artistic organizations such as the Northwest Battlefield Service Corps and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region People's Troupe were successively established, and the literary supplement of the Liberation Daily and various other literary and artistic publications were founded. In 1937, the Northwest Battlefield Service Corps went to the front lines of North China and publicized the War of Resistance through spoken drama, choral singing, battlefield correspondence, and other means. In February 1939, the People's Troupe, carrying Ma Jianling's modern Qinqiang opera, toured various counties in northern Shaanxi, performing for four months and walking 2,500 li; the masses commented that "the troupe was a small Long March." As literary and artistic organizations, art academies, and press positions were gradually established, the Party's leadership over literary and artistic work became more effective, and Yan'an literature and art developed from relatively scattered individual activities into organized actions serving the revolutionary cause.
In January 1940, Mao Zedong delivered a speech at the First Congress of the Cultural Association of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, titled "The Politics of New Democracy and the Culture of New Democracy" (later changed to "On New Democracy"),, standing at the height of the future of the Chinese revolution and the construction of a new democratic society, clarifying that new democratic culture was "the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal culture of the broad masses of the people, led by the proletariat," proposing a cultural program that was national, scientific, and popular, and establishing the political direction and leading core for the construction of new culture
"The question of for whom is a fundamental question, a question of principle"
As large numbers of literary and artistic workers poured into Yan'an, literary and artistic creation became increasingly active, but some deep-seated problems gradually came to the fore: "within literary and artistic circles there still seriously exist things that are incorrect in style and work style, and among comrades there are still many shortcomings such as idealism, dogmatism, fantasy, empty talk, belittling practice, and being divorced from the masses." Some literary and artistic workers harbored petty-bourgeois consciousness; their works were obscure in expression, and ordinary people could not understand them or could not see what they meant. Some even put forward erroneous arguments, advocating that art was superior to politics
In order to better correct the direction of literature and art and thoroughly solve the problems of for whom literature and art should serve and how to serve them, in the spring of 1942, Mao Zedong, through individual interviews, correspondence, and other means, exchanged views with Ding Ling, Xiao Jun, Ai Qing, and others, proposed at a meeting of the Secretariat of the Central Committee the suggestion of convening a forum on literature and art, and jointly with Kai Feng sent invitations to more than a hundred writers and artists. In May, Mao Zedong pointed out in his speech at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art that "to study the relationship between literary and artistic work and revolutionary work in general, to seek the correct development of revolutionary literature and art, to seek better assistance from revolutionary literature and art to other revolutionary work," indicating that the central problem of literature and art was "basically a question of serving the masses anda question of how to serve the masses," among which "the question of for whom is a fundamental question, a question of principle," pointing out that"our literature and art are all for the broad masses of the people, and first of all for the workers, peasants, and soldiers." This thesis linked the object of literary and artistic service with the forces relied upon by the revolution, fundamentally clarifying the proletarian stand of literature and art
On October 19, 1943, coinciding with the 7th anniversary of Lu Xun's death, the Liberation Daily published in full the "Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art," which was a programmatic document of the Party's leadership over literary and artistic work, a manifesto representing the forward direction of China's advanced culture, achieving a major breakthrough in the Sinicization of Marxist literary and artistic theory. The next day, the Central General Study Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a notice on studying the "Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art," listing it as a required document for rectification. On November 7, in the "Decision of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Implementing the Party's Literary and Artistic Policy," it was pointed out that the spirit of the Talks "equally applies to all cultural departments, and equally applies to all work departments of the Party. The whole Party should recognize that this document is not only educational material for solving problems of literary and artistic views and cultural views, but also generally educational material for solving problems of outlook on life and methodology."
"Go to the countryside, go to the factories, go to the troops, and become one with the masses"
After the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art, the Party Central Committee promoted in-depth rectification within literary and artistic circles. On May 30, 1942, Mao Zedong went to Lu Xun Academy of Art to inspect the rectification study situation and called on them to step out of the "small Lu Xun Academy" and into the "big Lu Xun Academy" of social life. In 1943, literary and artistic circles in Yan'an put forward the slogan "Go to the countryside, go to the factories, go to the troops, and become one with the masses"; literary and artistic workers opened up wasteland and planted crops together with peasants, marched and fought together with soldiers, consciously served the revolution, publicized the Party's line and policies, extolled new figures, employed the creative method of revolutionary realism, organically combined artistry with revolutionary character, walked out a path of popular literature and art in which popularization and elevation achieved dialectical unity, making the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region centered on Yan'an a model representing the forward direction of China's advanced culture
To promote literary and artistic work going deep among the masses, it was necessary to solve the problem of artistic forms of expression. The Party advocated that literary and artistic workers learn folk arts such as yangge, northern Shaanxi storytelling, xintianyou folk songs, Meihu opera, paper-cutting, and New Year pictures, transforming them through inheritance and innovating through borrowing. At the same time, it emphasized the creative application of Chinese and foreign artistic experience. Literary and artistic workers sought points of integration between folk art and foreign art, forming artistic expressions with Chinese style and Chinese bearing
During the Yan'an period, literary and artistic workers transformed the old yangge, injecting content such as production labor, supporting the army and aiding the front, freedom of marriage, and so forth, giving rise to the New Yangge Movement. During the Spring Festival of 1943, Wang Dahua and Li Bo performed "Brother and Sister Reclaiming Wasteland" south of Yan'an city gate, reflecting the Border Region's Great Production Movement and setting off a craze for new yangge operas. "Husband and Wife Learning Characters" wrote literacy education into the daily family life of ordinary peasants, enabling the masses to feel the significance of learning culture through a relaxed performance
Literary creation also took on a new look. Poet Li Ji, drawing on northern Shaanxi xintianyou folk songs, created the long narrative poem "Wang Gui yu Li Xiangxiang,"" expressing young men and women's resistance to feudal oppression and pursuit of a free life. Zhao Shuli pioneered the Potato School; "The Marriage of Xiao Erhei" and "Rhymes of Li Youcai" absorbed the characteristics of folk storytelling art, using the language of the masses to tell stories from around the masses
Woodcuts and New Year pictures, because they were easy to produce and spread quickly, also became important art forms connecting with the masses. These works were not only published in newspapers and periodicals but also posted in villages, schools, and government offices, becoming wall art that the masses could understand. Gu Yuan absorbed expressive methods from traditional Chinese painting, folk New Year pictures, and paper-cutting, creating works such as "The Rent Reduction Meeting" and"Burning the Land Deeds,"" portraying vividly and truthfully the production and life of the masses in the Border Region, democratic construction, and social transformation
In 1945, to welcome the convening of the Seventh National Congress of the Party, literary and artistic workers of the Lu Xun Academy of Art collectively created the new opera "The White-Haired Girl,"" which drew its material from the folk legend of the "White-Haired Immortal Maiden" in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region, integrating elements of yangge, folk songs, traditional opera, and spoken drama, borrowing expressive forms from Western opera, exposing the oppression suffered by peasants in old society and vividly presenting the course of the masses winning liberation under the Party's leadership
With the Party's promotion, literature and art were no longer confined to creation by literary and artistic workers alone; the masses also became participants and creators of literary and artistic activities, changing the relationship between producers and receivers of literature and art. Li Youyuan, borrowing the northern Shaanxi folk tune "White Horse Tune,"" wrote lyrics to create the "Song of the Migrants,"" which was later arranged and adapted by Ma Ke, Liu Chi, and others into "The East Is Red,"" widely sung throughout the Border Region. Labor hero Sun Wanfu improvised "Our Leader Mao Zedong,"" which, after being organized and polished by He Jingzhi, became a classic work of Yan'an's popular revolutionary literature and art. Folk artist Han Qixiang, based on a real case in the Border Region, adapted and created the new northern Shaanxi storytelling piece "Liu Qiao Tuan Yuan,"" promoting freedom of marriage, advocating diligent production, and presenting grassroots democracy in the Border Region
In October 1944, the Congress of Cultural and Educational Workers of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region was convenedin Yan'an, with more than 450 representatives attending from various sub-regions, troops, government organs, schools, as well as ethnic minorities, focusing on discussion of the new democratic mass cultural movement. Zhu De pointed out: the tremendous achievements made in culture and education proved that the effect of Mao Zedong's speech at the Forum on Literature and Art two years earlier had materialized.
Return to TopBy: 杨生俊
On September 29, 1935, the Political Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment drew the Sketch Map of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area (held in the Gansu Provincial Archives).
In the Gansu Provincial Archives is preserved a precious revolutionary archival document, a hand-drawn Sketch Map of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area. This archival map is a wartime hand-drawn paper map, with a simple and plain layout, clear annotations, the paper surface bearing the mottled traces of erosion by time, with wartime explanatory text attached on the left side, and in the lower left corner stamped with the seal "Seal of the Detachment Political Department" — it is a first-hand physical material preserved from the journey of the Red Army's Long March. The sketch map was drawn by the Political Department of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment, and is the direct carrier and vivid testimony of the major strategic decision made at the Bangluo Town Meeting to take northern Shaanxi as the foothold.
It defined the final course for the ten-thousand-li Long March
In October 1934, the Central Red Army set out from Jiangxi, beginning an extremely difficult and arduous (艰苦卓绝, jian ku zhuo jue - "hard, extremely, outstanding, excellent") ten-thousand-li journey. Their initial plan was to march to western Hunan to join forces with the Second and Sixth Army Groups of the Red Army; as the enemy situation developed and changed, they successively took the Sichuan-Guizhou border, the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border, western Sichuan or northwestern Sichuan, and the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu region as their footholds. In September 1935, the E'jie Meeting had made arrangements to move closer to the Sino-Soviet border and establish a temporary base area, but the national revolutionary situation was one of rapidly changing situations (瞬息万变, shun xi wan bian - "instant, breath, ten thousand, change"), and the Red Army urgently needed to adjust its strategic direction based on reality, thoroughly casting off the passive situation of mobile warfare without a base.
On September 17, the Central Red Army captured the natural barrier of Lazikou, smoothly entering Gansu territory, completely opening the northward passage. The next day, the troops stationed at Hadapu. During the period at Hadapu, the Party Central Committee, through collecting and sorting out newspapers and periodicals of various kinds, for the first time comprehensively grasped the existing state, geographic scope, and armed forces situation of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area, learning that in northern Shaanxi there remained the only one remaining (硕果仅存, shuo guo jin cun -"fruitful, result, only, exist") complete revolutionary base area in the whole country, which pointed out the direction of advance for the Red Army, which had been lost in confusion. The northward-bound troops were here formally reorganized into the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment, with unified command, traveling light northward, making military preparations for the implementation of subsequent strategic decisions.
On September 27, the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment occupied Bangluo Town in Tongwei, Gansu, and the central organs were simultaneously stationed here. On the same day, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting here, namely the Bangluo Town Meeting. The meeting made a profound assessment of the revolutionary situation at home and abroad, precisely grasped the era background of intensifying national crisis and the rising tide of the anti-Japanese national salvation movement, resolutely adjusted the previous strategic deployment, and formally made a major decision: to change the plan adopted at the E'jie Meeting of moving northward closer to the Soviet Union to establish a base area, and to fix the final foothold of the Party Central Committee and the Red Army's Long March in northern Shaanxi, taking the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area as the great headquarters for leading the national revolution and carrying out the anti-Japanese struggle. The strategic policy established by the meeting — "based in northern Shaanxi, defend and expand the Soviet Area, lead the national revolution" — laid a solid foundation for the subsequent victorious convergence of the three main forces of the Red Army and for the growth and strengthening of the anti-Japanese base area in northern Shaanxi.
Political mobilization for marching north to resist Japan and sowing the seeds of revolution
On September 28, the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment held a cadre meeting of all cadres above the company level in Bangluo Town, conveying the spirit of the Bangluo Town Meeting, deeply interpreting the strategic significance of marching north to northern Shaanxi, basing oneself in the Soviet Area, and leading the anti-Japanese struggle, and making comprehensive arrangements for the subsequent march and combat, mass work, and troop consolidation. This meeting was an important political mobilization during the Long March; all commanders and fighters gained clarity on the revolutionary direction, strengthened their conviction in marching north, and boosted the troops' fighting will for overcoming great difficulties and challenges (攻坚克难, gong jian ke nan -"attack, key, overcome, difficulty") and continuing the struggle.
To implement the strategic decisions of the meeting, the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment rapidly advanced military operations and mass work. On September 29, the troops captured Tongwei county seat in one stroke — this was the first county seat captured by the Red Army after leaving the snowy mountains and grasslands, providing a rare place for rest, resupply, and replenishment for the Red Army, which had traveled a long distance and was exhausted. During the period of stationing in Tongwei, the Red Army strictly enforced revolutionary discipline, actively carried out mass work, visiting and comforting the common people, raising military supplies and grain, rectifying troop conduct, disseminating revolutionary ideas, sowing seeds of red fire across the Longzhong region, winning the sincere support and endorsement of the local masses.
That evening, Mao Zedong, at the Tongwei Wengmiao Street Primary School, received all commanders and fighters of the Vanguard Company of the First Brigade of the First Column, and, filled with lofty aspirations, publicly recited for the first time the poem Seven-Regulation Verse: The Long March, using its powerful and majestic verses to look back upon the hardship and glory of the ten-thousand-li journey, expressing the joy of "after the three armies pass, all faces break into smiles," greatly consolidating the fighting spirit of the entire army, inspiring the revolutionary spirit, and injecting powerful spiritual strength into the Red Army's march toward a new journey.
To enable all commanders and fighters to intuitively grasp the situation of the Soviet Area, clearly understand the march route, and strengthen their revolutionary conviction, the Political Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment, based on wartime needs, relying on the collected newspaper and periodical materials, painstakingly hand-drew and completed the Sketch Map of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area. This sketch map discarded complex reproduction, using simple and intuitive symbols, clear and precise annotations, to completely present the scope of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area, guerrilla zones, county-seat strongholds, and major communication routes, becoming an important material for company-level political education and for march navigation and combat, enabling all officers and soldiers of the army to see the revolutionary battlefront and touch the goal of struggle, providing a concrete basis for implementing the strategic decisions of the Party Central Committee.
The archival sketch map fully displays the wartime revolutionary character
In the later period of the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the national revolutionary situation fell into a trough; the major revolutionary base areas in the south fell one after another, most red armed forces were forced to transfer, and only the Shaanxi-Gansu revolutionary base area remained completely intact, becoming the "the only one remaining" strategic fulcrum of the Chinese revolution at that time. In February 1935, the Shaanxi-Gansu border revolutionary base area and the northern Shaanxi revolutionary base area were integrated and unified, formally forming the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area, covering large swaths of northern Shaanxi and the Longdong region, possessing mature Soviet political power, solid mass foundations, and active revolutionary armed forces, preserving precious space for the survival and development of the Chinese revolution, which was at a desperate juncture.
At the critical moment when the Party and the Red Army, having endured the trials of the Long March, urgently needed a stable foothold, the existence of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area fundamentally solved the problem of the Red Army having no rear-area support and no foothold. This red fertile soil rooted in the northwest not only provided a solid position for the exhausted Red Army to rest, replenish, and develop, but also provided an important strategic platform for the Party Central Committee to base itself in the north, coordinate the national revolution, and lead the anti-Japanese national salvation movement, becoming the key support for the Chinese revolution's turning danger into safety (转危为安, zhuan wei wei an -"turn, danger, for, peace") and rebirth from the ashes, while the preservation of the Sketch Map of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area has become the most direct and vivid physical testimony of this historical value.
This archival sketch map fully displays the wartime revolutionary character: the map's annotations are seeking truth from facts, pragmatic and rigorous, clearly distinguishing the Soviet Area, guerrilla zones, county seats, provincial boundaries, and communication lines, precisely outlining the red territory of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area with its layers of protective rings and depth extension.On the left side of the map are noted the basis for drawing and the requirements for use, objectively explaining the limitations of relying on non-governmental newspaper and periodical materials and the existence of minor deviations, while clearly requiring enlargement when redrawing for use in company-level teaching, fully demonstrating the Red Army's revolutionary style of seeking truth from facts, being rigorous and meticulous, and applying what was learned. The main Soviet Area strongholds annotated on the map — Nanliang, Zhaojin, Wuqi, among others — as well as the Longdong red areas such as Qingyang, Heshui, Zhengning, corroborate the core location and political-power layout of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area, providing invaluable first-hand historical materials for studying the history of the Soviet Area and the strategy of the Long March.
Return to TopBy: 叶向东
Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the issue of the view of political achievements of leading officials, has delivered a series of important speeches, and has made a series of important instructions and directives, pointing the way and providing the fundamental guidance for the vast number of Party members and leading cadres, especially leading officials, in establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian has deeply studied and implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions, firmly grasped the overall requirement of "acting for the public interest (立党为公, li dang wei gong - "establish party for public"), seeking the well-being of the people (为民造福, wei min zao fu - "for people create benefit"), scientific decision-making, and taking practical and effective action (真抓实干, zhen zhua shi gan - "truly grasp, truly do")", and has always anchored itself to the "great matters of the state" such as energy security and stable supply, green and low-carbon development, reform of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, and comprehensive rural revitalization, striving with a correct view of political achievements to create real achievements that can withstand the tests of practice, the people, and history.
Upholding the fundamental political stance of putting the people first
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "Communists must remember that seeking the well-being of the people is the greatest political achievement," and that "only by adhering to the people-centered development philosophy, insisting that development is for the people, development relies on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people, can there be a correct view of development and a correct view of modernization." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions profoundly elucidate that the people's stance is the fundamental political stance of the Communist Party of China, and also the logical starting point of a correct view of political achievements.
It is the concentrated embodiment of the nature and purpose of our Party. Since its founding, our Party has always represented the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the Chinese people, uniting and leading the people through the struggle course of the period of the new-democratic revolution, the period of socialist revolution and construction, and the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. Entering the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has accurately assessed the new changes in the principal contradiction in Chinese society, responded to the people's new expectations for a better life, united and led the people to promote historic achievements and historic changes in the cause of the Party and the state, providing more complete institutional guarantees, a more solid material foundation, and more proactive spiritual strength for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Through successive struggles, we have won the battle against poverty, the largest in human history, completed the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and achieved the First Centenary Goal as scheduled. Practice has proven that the people are the creators of history and the true heroes; we must always firmly stand on the people's side, integrate caring for the masses and showing concern for the people into all processes and all aspects of undertaking work and starting undertakings, and closely rely on the people to create great historic achievements
It is the essential requirement of practicing the original aspiration and founding mission of Communists. Solving the problems of the greatest concern, the most direct interest, and the most immediate reality to the people is the value orientation and fundamental yardstick of all our work. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, in the great practice of General Secretary Xi Jinping uniting and leading the whole Party, the whole military, and the people of all ethnic groups in governing the country, the sincere sentiment of "I will have no self, and will not fail the people" has run through everything. For example, upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, running putting the people first through the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan (五位一体) and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy(四个全面), placing the improvement of people's livelihood first, etc. In the course of our Party's struggle, there have emerged advanced models such as Jiao Yulu, who "lived for the sand dunes, died for the sand dunes, and whose life and death are bound to the elders and children of the land," Gu Wenchang, who "carried out revolution without selfish motives, devoting heart and soul to the people," Yang Shanzhou, who "as long as life does not end, service to the people does not stop," and Zhang Fuqing, who "can do beneficial things for the people, and even hardship brings contentment," who will forever be remembered in the hearts of the people. Practice has proven that wherever the people have needs, extraordinary achievements can be created there; we must wholeheartedly walk the Party's mass line in the new era, handle matters that benefit people's livelihoods concretely, handle matters that warm people's hearts meticulously, handle matters that comply with people's wishes properly, and win the people's support with real achievements in improving people's well-being
It is the political responsibility of central state-owned enterprises to govern enterprises for the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping has made important instructions on the work of central enterprises, putting forward the important requirements on the new journey of "better serving the overall work of the Party and the state, serving high-quality development of the economy and society, and serving the guarantee and improvement of people's livelihoods." From the perspective of political attributes, "serving the overall work of the Party and the state" embodies the distinctive character of central state-owned enterprises belonging to the Party and serving the people; from the perspective of economic attributes, "serving high-quality development of the economy and society" embodies the unavoidable responsibility (责无旁贷, ze wu pang dai - "responsibility, no side to shirk") of central state-owned enterprises; from the perspective of social attributes, "serving the guarantee and improvement of people's livelihoods" embodies the unswerving in one's determination (矢志不渝, shi zhi bu yu - "aim at goal, not change") value pursuit of central state-owned enterprises, and all three ultimately converge on the fundamental starting point and ending point of satisfying the people's growing needs for a better life. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian has always been giving its all to a task (全力以赴, quan li yi fu - "full strength, go all") to ensure the safe and stable supply of energy, continuously increasing effective investment, driving the integrated development of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain, and successively advancing comprehensive rural revitalization. Practice has proven that state-owned enterprises are an important force in strengthening the country's overall national strength and safeguarding the common interests of the people; we must unswervingly strengthen, optimize, and expand state-owned enterprises and state-owned capital, accelerate the building of world-class enterprises, and resolutely safeguard and develop the common wealth of all the people
Coordinated application of the scientific methods of establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "political achievements are reflected both in promoting development and in benefiting people's livelihoods and maintaining stability; both in visible achievements that take effect immediately and in latent achievements that lay foundations, increase momentum, and benefit the long term; both in solving current contradictions and in solving problems left over from history." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions contain scientific ways of thinking and working methods
Properly coordinate the relationship between "the overall situation" and "one region." Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has led the whole Party to further establish holistic thinking and strategic thinking, requiring leading officials to "huddle together and work toward the goals designed by the top-level design," effectively forming a strategic synergy effect of the whole country playing a coordinated, unified effort (一盘棋, yi pan qi - "one game of chess"), setting a brilliant example for the whole Party. Truly good political achievements are political achievements that comprehensively serve the overall development situation of the Party and the state. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian regards implementing the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee as a political responsibility and fundamental task, consciously integrating its own work into the national strategic layout and the overall industrial development, proactively stepping beyond one region to seek great undertakings, and striving to create real achievements that conform to the overall situation and benefit the long term. Its subordinate Sichuan Company has fully responded to extreme emergencies, guarding the lights of thousands of households in Shu during great trials; Xinjiang Company has overcoming tough problems and difficulties (攻坚克难, gong jian ke nan - "attack key, overcome difficulty") to complete the construction of a major landmark project of the national "West-to-East Power Transmission" strategy — the Gobi energy base at the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang; Guangdong Company is seeking strength through maritime development (向海图强, xiang hai tu qiang - "towards sea, seek strength"), building the Yangjiang offshore wind power project with high quality
Properly coordinate the relationship between "visible achievements" and"latent achievements." Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has personally planned and promoted a series of strategic deployments such as the battle against poverty, ecological environment protection, scientific and technological innovation, and cultural heritage inheritance and development, both achieving one phased goal after another as scheduled and planning and advancing long-term strategic layouts, setting a brilliant example for the whole Party. Visible achievements and latent achievements reflect the two sides of the same coin of political achievements, and under certain conditions they transform into each other. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian insists on viewing political achievements with a comprehensive and dialectical perspective, insists on basing itself on the present while keeping an eye on the long term, resolutely implements the "dual carbon" strategy, prominently focuses on the development of renewable energy such as new energy and hydropower, goes all out to promote the company's green and low-carbon development, has completed the construction of all projects of the second batch of national new energy large bases, achieving a leapfrog transformation in new energy development, especially the development and construction of large bases in "deserts, Gobi, and barren lands," from "running alongside" to"leading." Its subordinate Fujian Miantan Hydropower Station has remembered the leader's instructions for 30 years, advancing with gratitude to benefit the people of the old revolutionary base areas; the Upper Jinsha River Company has firmly promoted the coordinated progress of green development and ecological environmental protection for over 20 years; Huadian New Energy, after more than 10 years of effort and 5 years of tackling key problems, has successfully promoted its IPO project to be listed on the stock market
Properly coordinate the relationship between"upholding integrity"and"innovation." Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has promoted comprehensive deepening of reform with great historical initiative, tremendous political courage, and strong sense of responsibility, driving profound changes in development concepts, growth models, and institutional mechanisms, achieving a series of remarkable major achievements that have attracted worldwide attention, setting a brilliant example for the whole Party. Upholding integrity and innovation are complementing each other (相辅相成, xiang fu xiang cheng - "complement each other"), embodying the dialectical unity of change and no-change, inheritance and development, principle and creativity. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian insists on taking the development of new quality productive forces as the internal requirement and important focal point for promoting high-quality development, continuously strengthening the tracking, research, and judgment of policy trends such as the construction of a new energy system, the national unified electricity market, and the new power system, closely combining with actual conditions to study and formulate new ideas and new measures to solve problems, creatively implementing the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee. Its subordinate Inner Mongolia Company has seized the first opportunity to explore new paths for computing-power and-electricity coordination, successfully putting into operation the green energy supply demonstration project of the Horinger data center cluster; Guodian Nanjing Automation has dared to be the first to scale new heights in science and technology, taking the lead in building the "Huadian Rui" series of independently controllable power industrial control systems
Properly coordinate the relationship between"history"and"reality." Comrade Xi Jinping, then Secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, went down to Pujiang County to receive visitors from the masses, leading more than 100 cadres at the provincial, municipal, and county levels, receiving more than 400 batches of visitors in 14 reception rooms within one day, personally making decisions to solve multiple long-pending tough problems that had been shelved for a long time, setting an example for us in resolving problems left over from history. New officials settling old accounts means settling political accounts, accounts of popular support, and accounts of development, which is the duty of Party members and leading cadres. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian has carried forward the spirit of historical initiative, facing contradictions and problems without avoiding them, responding to risks and challenges without flinching, solidly advancing the rectification and implementation of problems discovered through various types of supervision and inspection, and tackling historical legacy problems with real action. Its subordinate Party organizations at all levels focus on the urgent, difficult, and anxious concerns of employees, use the "Employee Voice e-Home" platform to smooth channels for suggestions and appeals, deeply advance the care work for employees in remote and difficult areas and on overseas projects and their families, improve the production and living conditions of frontline employees, and win the acclaim of the masses with tangible benefits
Creating a new situation of high-quality development with practical work and real achievements
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that"a correct view of political achievements requires us to proceed from reality, act according to objective laws, and through scientific decision-making and hard work, create achievements that can withstand the tests of practice and history, truly benefit the people, and be recognized by the masses." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions elucidate the core requirements and practical guidelines for establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements
Firmly establish ideals and convictions, cultivating a correct worldview with strong Party spirit. Firmly establishing ideals and convictions has always been the foundation for Communists to establish themselves and fulfill their mission. At present, changes unseen in a century are accelerating, and the development of the energy sector has entered a critical period of transition between old and new systems. The more complex and severe the situation, the more necessary it is to have the guidance of a scientific worldview, the more necessary it is to maintain a high degree of sobriety and firm resolve. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian regards deeply studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the primary political task, unremittingly strengthens the theoretical armed force of the Party's innovation, regularly carries out education on the view of political achievements, focuses on strengthening the education and training of leading teams at all levels, newly promoted cadres, young cadres, and cadres in key positions, strengthens exemplary leadership and negative-case warnings, educates and guides the vast number of Party members and leading cadres to strengthen Party spirit tempering, improve political capability, and always assume responsibility, perform duties, and fulfill responsibilities with a correct view of political achievements
Follow objective laws, practicing a correct view of development with seeking truth from facts. The view of development and the view of political achievements are closely connected; whatever view of political achievements Party members and leading cadres hold will guide whatever view of development they adopt, which in turn produces whatever development outcomes. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party has made strategic deployments for building a strong energy country. The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration have issued the "15th Five-Year Plan for Building a New Energy System," clarifying the goal of achieving a "dual 50%" target by 2030, with wind power and solar power installed capacity accounting for more than 50% and non-fossil energy power generation accounting for reaching 50%, which requires the whole company to exert pressure and strive forward, "jumping up to touch higher." The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian closely focuses on serving the construction of a strong energy country, actively responds to the opportunities and challenges facing the 15th Five-Year Plan period, insists on proceeding from reality in everything, consciously follows the laws of industrial development and enterprise operation, deeply studies the actual conditions of various regions, fields, and units, goes all out to seize development opportunities and strive for high-quality resources, focuses on breaking down the conceptual, institutional, and mechanistic barriers constraining high-quality development, stimulates the vitality and motivation of innovation and creation among all employees, and continuously enhances the green content, innovation content, and value content of the company's development
Forever maintain the spirit of struggle, interpreting a correct view of career with practical work and responsibility. Creating political achievements depends on practical work, and fundamentally relies on struggle; this is the most simple methodology and the only way to accomplish undertakings. This year is the opening year of the 15th Five-Year Plan, and all undertakings of China Huadian stand at a brand new starting point, at an important juncture of sailing against the current, where one either advances or retreats, and even slow progress means retreat. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian insists on treating the establishment and practice of a correct view of political achievements as a long-term task, educates and guides the vast number of Party members and leading cadres to work in earnest and walk at the forefront, both upholding the enterprising responsibility of "success must include me," proactively assuming responsibility and fulfilling duties when facing industrial transformation and upgrading, urgent, difficult, dangerous, and heavy tasks, and practical matters concerning people's livelihoods; and adhering to the spiritual realm of "success need not include me," maintaining the tenacity and persistence of drawing one blueprint to the end for long-term strategic tasks, and implementing the development strategy and various key tasks of the 15th Five-Year Plan period with the spirit of nailing nails
Hold fast to the original aspiration of serving the people, building a correct view of power with integrity and self-discipline. Integrity and self-discipline are the basic bottom line of Communists and the prerequisite requirement for undertaking work. Power belongs to the public, not to private individuals; once it is bound together with selfish motives and private interests, it is the beginning of corruption, and will ultimately only end in losing both one's wealth and one's standing, bringing ruin upon oneself. Only by exercising power impartially, exercising power according to law, exercising power for the people, and exercising power with integrity, can one be upright in oneself, confident in one's position, and firm in one's stance. The Party Leadership Group of China Huadian resolutely bears the primary responsibility for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, regularly investigates and rectifies problems of deviation in the view of political achievements, continuously deepens the rectification of the prominent problem of new officials not settling old accounts, continuously strengthens the supervision and management of behavior related to the view of political achievements, educates and guides the vast number of Party members and leading cadres to always remember the fundamental question of "who am I, who am I for, and who do I rely on," take the lead in revering the people, revering organizations, revering laws and discipline, take the lead in carrying forward fine traditions and paying attention to family values and family education, effectively unify integrity and responsibility, diligence in governance and clean governance, work with peace of mind, act boldly, forge ahead sharply, and actively make contributions under the premise of observing rules and discipline, be upright in conduct and clean in deeds, and forever maintain the clean political character of integrity and self-discipline
(The author is Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Chairman of China Huadian Corporation Ltd.)
Return to TopBy: 谭小琴
On April 30, 2026, at a symposium on strengthening basic research, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "basic research is the source of the entire scientific system and the master switch for all technological problems."
A switch is the hub component within a machine responsible for driving and linking; the master switch is the core center that determines the operation of the machine system. General Secretary Xi Jinping used the "master switch for all technological problems" as a metaphor for basic research, vividly and incisively pointing out that basic research is work that lays foundations and yields long-term benefits, and that the roots of all innovation barriers and industrial bottlenecks lie in insufficient basic research, emphasizing that to fundamentally resolve key technological problems, it is necessary to strengthen basic research at the source.
Basic research, also known as fundamental scientific research, is experimental or theoretical research conducted to acquire new knowledge about the basic principles of phenomena and observable facts. Many of the "chokepoint" technological problems our country faces have their roots in the failure of basic theoretical research to keep pace. Just as when a machine malfunctions, merely adjusting external parts without overhauling the master switch cannot eradicate the fault. If things at the source and at the foundation are not clarified, applied technology may become something that lacks a source or foundation (无源之水, wu yuan zhi shui - "not have, source, of, water") and something that lacks a foundation or support (无本之木, wu ben zhi mu - "not have, root, of, tree").
On the one hand, basic research has a source-driven effect. Basic research sits at the starting end of the scientific research chain that runs from research to application and then to production. Scientific and technological revolutions trigger industrial revolutions, because breakthrough progress in basic research gives birth to original achievements "from 0 to 1," which in turn bring about clustered technological breakthroughs. On the other hand, basic research has a transmission-and-linkage effect. The main feature of today's global scientific and technological revolution is the realization of rapid transformation from "science" to "technology," with the core requirement being the industrialization of major basic research achievements. Therefore, the achievements of basic research must never be left merely in laboratories, filled into tables, or published in journals, but should be transformed into the driving force of development and the well-being of the people. It is necessary to smooth every channel from scientific strength to industrial strength, from industrial strength to economic strength, and from economic strength to national strength, so that the scientific driving force of the "master switch" can be smoothly transmitted to the front line of industry, helping to cross the "valley of death" of industrialization.
In recent years, although our country's basic research has made notable progress, the gap with internationally advanced levels remains quite evident, manifesting prominently as: the output of major original achievements remains relatively scarce; some basic disciplines are weakly constructed; the degree of interdisciplinary integration is insufficient;the scientific research evaluation system cannot yet fully adapt to the characteristics of basic research;long-term investment in basic research remains insufficient, funding sources are singular, and enterprise participation is relatively low;the conditions of scientific research infrastructure still need improvement;the supply of top leading talents is insufficient;and the linkage between basic research and applied transformation is not smooth. These gaps point the way for consolidating basic research, this "master switch," toward the direction where efforts must be concentrated.
To consolidate basic research, it is necessary to strengthen systematic layout and spiritual guidance. Implement major national science plans and science projects well, strengthen advantageous fields, optimize the layout of basic disciplines, fill in gaps in less-popular fields, build a strong backbone network for basic research, and improve a categorized evaluation system suited to the characteristics of basic research. Increase national fiscal investment, guide enterprises and financial institutions to increase support for basic research in appropriate forms, and encourage society to invest through multiple channels such as donations and the establishment of funds. Conducting basic research requires not only material safeguards but also spiritual encouragement. The precious spiritual wealth, such as the spirit of scientists forged by our country's scientific researchers through successive and continuous struggle, is an inexhaustible driving force supporting the development of basic research. It is necessary to vigorously promote the spirit of scientists, so that devoting oneself to basic research becomes the life pursuit of more young people.
At the same time, it is necessary to adhere to pursuing two different methods or approaches simultaneously (两条腿走路, liang tiao lei zou lu - "two, legs, walk, path") with regard to free exploration and goal orientation. The field of basic research has the characteristics of instantaneous inspiration, arbitrary methods, and uncertain paths. On the one hand, it is necessary to follow the inherent laws of scientific discovery, driven by curiosity to explore the mysteries of the world, allowing scientists to freely imagine, boldly hypothesize, and earnestly verify;on the other hand, it is necessary to be driven by major scientific and technological problems, abstracting theoretical questions from major applied research, and thereby exploring scientific laws, so that basic research and applied research promote each other. It is necessary to organize in a planned manner the systematic basic research oriented by strategy, the exploratory basic research oriented by frontiers, and the applied basic research oriented by markets, adhere to the strategic orientation of the "Four Fronts," and comprehensively enhance scientific and technological strength and innovation capability.
At present, global scientific and technological competition is increasingly focused on basic and frontier fields, and the importance of original and disruptive innovation is becoming increasingly prominent. It is necessary to aim at the world's scientific and technological frontiers, make the "first move" well, grasp the "master switch" firmly, achieve major breakthroughs in forward-looking basic research and leading original achievements, and build a solid foundation for the construction of a powerful country in science and technology.
Return to TopBy: 王萌
To set up a monument for the era, to preserve truth for history, and to erect a spiritual pillar. Recently, the book General Secretary Xi Jinping Led the Battle Against Poverty was officially published. As one of the first fruits of the new era "historical achievements, historical transformations" series of oral-history materials collection and collation work jointly organized by the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance), this oral-history record, through the plain narratives of those who personally experienced it, has preserved vivid, authentic historical footnotes for the battle against poverty—a great miracle in the history of human poverty reduction. The book steps outside the framework of traditional grand narrative and, with a distinctive narrative form, transforms this miracle that leaves a lasting mark in history into vivid stories that are tangible, perceptible, and capable of reaching straight into the heart, reflecting the journey of the "greater self" through the perspective of the "lesser self," and using individual memory to coalesce collective consensus. This book not only vividly restores the arduous course and brilliant achievements of this tough battle, but also highlights the significant advantages of the leadership of the Communist Party of China and socialism with Chinese characteristics, providing precious documentary support and spiritual nourishment for telling China's poverty reduction story well to the world, deepening research on the anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics, and constructing an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. It can be said that this is a masterpiece possessing both historical depth, theoretical profundity, and the temperature of the times, allowing us, through the narratives of those who experienced it, to touch the hardship and fervor of the road of tackling tough problems, to feel the warmth and strength of the century-old original aspiration, and to understand the wisdom and responsibility of China's governance.
A vivid vehicle for telling China's poverty reduction story
Telling China's poverty reduction story well depends on vivid practice. This oral-history record went deep into the front lines of the battle against poverty, collecting first-hand material from poverty-stricken areas including the arid highlands of Longzhong in Gansu, the Dulong River gorge in Yunnan, the "Cliff Village" in Zhaojue, Sichuan, and the highlands of Medog in Tibet, endowing China's poverty reduction story with a tangible warmth through the perspectives of those who experienced it. The book discards abstract expression, restoring the numbers in policy documents into vivid stories one by one, letting the world see that China's battle against poverty is not a slogan, but rather the real practice of thousands upon thousands of poverty alleviation workers measuring the land with their steps and watering hope with their sweat.
Through the narratives of those who experienced it, the book lets readers deeply feel the "extraordinary" difficulty of this battle. Where archives record "Medog Highway officially opened to traffic," the oral narrators restore the bitter past when porters used their flesh-and-blood bodies to transport supplies and when patients leaving the mountains for treatment had to be carried in turns; where documents mention "whole-ethnic-group assistance," the Dulong people who experienced it recount the millennia-old longing recorded in notching wood to record events and signaling with muskets, as well as the tears of joy when the Dulong River Tunnel finally opened—"once the tunnel opens, heaven and earth broaden." From the "targeted poverty alleviation" stone tablet in Shibadong Village to the "Four Red Banners" in Lankao, from the transformation of "dry beach into golden beach" in Minning Town to the "plateau sky-reaching road" in Medog, from the vivid episodes of resident cadres "going to the village bewildered" and "carrying honeydew melons to break into Beijing" to the ideological transformation of impoverished masses from "waiting, relying on, demanding" to "daring to venture and dare to act"—these first-line materials rooted in the earth constitute the most vivid footnotes to China's poverty reduction story. This book goes deep into grassroots front lines, collecting the freshest material, and with an arrangement combining "points with surfaces, vertical with horizontal," covers typical regions including the place where "targeted poverty alleviation" was first proposed, demonstration sites of east-west cooperation, and assault points in deeply impoverished areas, both presenting the nationwide picture of the battle against poverty and portraying local practices with distinctive features, providing rich material for telling China's poverty reduction story well both domestically and internationally. This book has not only the grand era background of China's poverty reduction story, but also specific character details; it both writes thoroughly the hardship of the battle against poverty and conveys the warmth of gaining a happy life, becoming a vivid vehicle for displaying Chinese spirit, Chinese values, and Chinese strength.
Practical footnotes to the anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics
The anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics took shape and was enriched in the great practice of the battle against poverty. As a "micro-historical" text of the new era, this oral-history record forms effective mutual verification with policy documents, accumulating extremely precious first-hand historical materials, achieving the sedimentation of material and logical sorting from practice to theory, and consolidating the academic foundation for deepening research on the anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics. The book restores the battle against poverty from grand narrative to micro-practice, and on the basis of recording practical facts, further reveals the core logic of "why it could succeed and how it was done" in the battle against poverty.
The book, with a large number of vivid cases, transforms policy terms such as the "six precise" and "five batches" into perceptible and knowable practical logic, clearly displaying how the concept of targeted poverty alleviation took root and flourishing and was creatively transformed at the grassroots level. Shibadong Village formulated the "nine no-evaluation" standard and explored the "seven-step method" precise identification mechanism; Gansu customized poverty alleviation plans with "one household, one policy"; Zhaojue, Sichuan, advanced the "five revolutions"—these practical cases vividly interpret the core essence of targeted poverty alleviation, becoming important material for anti-poverty theoretical research.
Winning the battle against poverty, the difficulty lies in the character "jian" (hardness). The so-called "jian" refers to the harshness of natural conditions, the shackles of ideological concepts, and even more the reshaping of institutional mechanisms. In terms of natural barriers, General Secretary Xi Jinping once made a profound analysis: "Deeply impoverished areas have relatively harsh living conditions, frequent natural disasters, remote geographical locations, sparse populations, and scarce resources. The southwest lacks soil, the northwest lacks water, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lacks accumulated temperature." The book's accounts of assistance to deeply impoverished areas repeatedly confirm General Secretary Xi Jinping's judgment: the "three xi" areas of Gansu and Ningxia were "bitter and barren, the most impoverished under heaven"; the Dulong people of Gongshan, Yunnan, had "one road out of the mountains blocking those who would leave the mountains"; Medog, Tibet, was called the "secret realm on the plateau." Assistance cadres hiking into villages on foot and facing dangerous situations directly interpret the spirit of "preferring bitter toil over bitter waiting." In terms of conceptual barriers, facing the initial resistance of some villagers, resident cadres, through forms such as "peasant night schools" and courtyard meetings, exerted subtle and effective influence through education or kindness, gradually dissolving the ice of ideological rigidity, achieving the spiritual reshaping of impoverished masses from "blood transfusion" to "blood creation." In terms of institutional implementation, the system of "central coordination, provincial overall responsibility, city and county implementation" was transformed at the grassroots level into "military orders" signed layer by layer and strict data verification. Grassroots cadres balanced industrial support with the trivialities of people's livelihoods, displaying governance precision rarely seen in the world. These first-line materials carrying the fragrance of soil give research on the anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics a fresher practical basis, fully demonstrating that the practice of the battle against poverty enriched and developed Marxist anti-poverty theory, embodying the original contribution of the anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics.
Chinese wisdom for constructing an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences
Distill Chinese theory from Chinese practice, and use Chinese theory to interpret Chinese practice. The great practice of the battle against poverty has contributed precious resources for constructing an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. This oral-history record not only records history, but also, from grassroots exploration, distills governance wisdom of regularities with universal significance, providing reference-worthy Chinese solutions for the world's poverty reduction cause.
The practical experience of the battle against poverty distilled in the book breaks through the path dependence of traditional poverty reduction theory, contributing a Chinese model to the development of disciplinary theory. Medog County's tremendous transformation from "the last county in the country to be connected by road" to "roads throughout the entire region" reveals that leapfrog infrastructure development is a key variable for late-developing regions to achieve curve-overtaking; the practice of the Dulong people's whole-ethnic-group poverty alleviation demonstrates the institutional advantage of "holistic governance," achieving, through systematic solutions of whole-township advancement and whole-ethnic-group assistance, a "one-step leap across a thousand years" from closure and backwardness to modern civilization.These practical experiences enrich and expand the research horizons of development economics, management science, sociology, and other disciplines. At the same time, the institutional innovations and practical explorations recorded in the book provide reference-worthy governance experience for constructing an independent knowledge system. "Team-based" medical aid to Tibet achieved a paradigm shift from technology input to capacity building, and Professor Lin Zhanxi's juncao technology has even crossed national borders, benefiting the entire globe. These poverty reduction wisdoms that "grew" from the soil of China not only possess distinct local value, but also possess important influence for going global, consolidating the practical foundation for constructing an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences.
An inspiration of the times that coalesces spiritual strength
Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the scientific theory guiding the development of the Party and the nation's cause in the new era, and the great practice of the battle against poverty is precisely the vivid embodiment of this thought in governance. This oral-history record, with vivid narrative, authentic cases, and moving stories, makes this thought more perceptible, knowable, capable of entering the mind and the heart, being not only a vivid historical scroll, but also a living textbook for educating Party members, inspiring the masses, and coalescing consensus.
Throughout the book, the spiritual character of "people foremost" is manifest. From the earth cave dwellings of the northern Shaanxi plateau to Camel Hump Bay in Fuping, Hebei, from the wooden houses of Shibadong Village in western Hunan to the Yi ethnic homes deep in the Liangshan mountains, General Secretary Xi Jinping's footsteps have traversed all 14 contiguous destitute areas across the country, and the book authentically restores the details of General Secretary Xi Jinping entering impoverished households, sitting cross-legged on the kang, checking their food, clothing, and daily necessities. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly chaired cross-provincial symposiums on the battle against poverty, convened special meetings on winning the battle against poverty, and in 2020 issued the charge "it must be achieved on schedule, with no room for retreat or flexibility," leading the entire nation to ultimately win the great victory of the battle against poverty—this sense of responsibility of "always thinking of the people's hardships in the heart, always contemplating policies for enriching the people in the mind" is precisely a vivid portrayal of the people's sentiments of the people's leader, becoming a spiritual banner inspiring all cadres and the masses. The book portrays the pragmatic work style of grassroots cadres of "seeing real poverty, helping real poverty, truly alleviating poverty," and also displays the sincere feelings of impoverished masses of "not forgetting gratitude to the Party after escaping poverty." These interactions from micro perspectives all vividly interpret the profound connotation of "the rivers and mountains are the people, and the people are the rivers and mountains."
The sacrifices and dedications recorded in the book give concrete footnotes to the people's stance upheld by Communists. During the 8 years of the battle against poverty, more than 1,800 comrades had their lives frozen on the road of poverty alleviation, and more than 10,000 Party members and cadres were left with permanent disabilities. We remember Li Baoguo, the "new Foolish Old Man" of the Taihang Mountains; we remember Huang Wenxiu, the daughter of the great mountains; we remember the first secretary who said "if Qianhe is not prosperous, I will not return to the tax bureau"; we remember the Lvliang Mountain nursing workers who "three turns of the woman" broke into Beijing... Thousands upon thousands of poverty alleviation workers, with the spiritual realm of focusing on contribution rather than personal credit and the historical responsibility of "the achievement must include me," practiced the glorious mission of the new era with sweat, blood, and even life. These deeply moving stories have become a spiritual force inspiring cadres and the masses to strive on the new journey and make contributions in the new era.
The absolute poverty line of the battle against poverty has finally become history, but the spirit of the battle against poverty nurtured by this great practice will forever be recorded in the annals of history, passed down from generation to generation. At present, we are in a critical period of consolidating and expanding the achievements of the battle against poverty in effective connection with rural revitalization. Looking back at the road traveled at this moment allows us to draw from it the courage for overcoming great difficulties and challenges, the work style of seeking truth from facts and being pragmatic, and the feelings of putting the people first. The practical experience, theoretical wisdom, and spiritual strength contained in this oral-history record not only leave us a collective memory about poverty and struggle, but also provide spiritual motivation for the ongoing rural revitalization.
Return to TopBy: 康晏如
Yuri Tavrovsky, born in 1949 in Dnepropetrovsk, Soviet Union, graduated from the Department of Oriental Studies of Leningrad State University. He once worked in the ideological department of the CPSU Central Committee, responsible for propaganda work toward Asian countries including China and Japan. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, he successively served as editor-in-chief of several foreign policy magazines, and is currently vice president of the Russia-China Friendship Association, having long engaged in research on Chinese issues. China's New Era: Origins, Process, and Achievements introduces a series of major measures implemented by the Communist Party of China in the political, economic, social, diplomatic, and national defense fields since the convening of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in order to realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and highly evaluates the great achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics since the new era.
The starting point of the new era — "the planning and implementation of the strategic vision of the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." Tavrovsky points out in the book that the new era marks the entry of Chinese social development into a completely new historical stage. This assertion did not emerge from thin air, but is established on the basis of China's practical achievements, and is a summary and elevation of the effectiveness of the implementation of the strategic vision of the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The new era is an era in which all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation are working together with one heart and mind (勠力同心, lu li tong xin - "exert strength, together, same heart") and striving with all their might to realize the Chinese Dream.
Tavrovsky points out that President Xi Jinping, possessing a far-reaching perspective (高屋建瓴, gao wu jian ling - "high building, build, descend"), divided the road to the Chinese Dream into two stages, put forward the goal of the "Two Centenary Goals," and formulated long-term yet concrete tasks for the Chinese nation. The strategic vision of the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, with its vivid form and profound content, systematically summarizes the experiences and lessons of China's socialist construction process, and demonstrates powerful ideological leadership. Tavrovsky believes that the Chinese Dream means taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, using peaceful and civilized means to achieve national development and socialist modernization; the advantage of the Chinese Dream lies in that it does not take individual success as its goal, but rather realizes a common dream through the collective struggle of all the people;the Chinese Dream constructs for the Chinese people their own spiritual value system, and this value system is deeply rooted in the excellent traditional culture of more than five thousand years of the Chinese nation. The long-term planning of the Chinese Dream has brought a new atmosphere to the entire Party and the people of the whole country, and revived people's confidence in the path of socialism.
The Chinese Dream is by no means unrealistic or unsubstantial ideas (空中楼阁, kong zhong lou ge -"air, middle, building, pavilion"), but has withstood the test of practice, paving a solid road for the comprehensive opening of the new era. Tavrovsky further summarizes, "In the five years between the two congresses, the strategic content of the 'Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation' emerged in an endless stream—the 'new normal' in the economic field, the 'law-based government' in public life, the 'Belt and Road Initiative' in the international economic field, etc. These contents complement each other, gradually forming a complete system of innovation,'and 'the new era has become a reality.'"
The theoretical achievements of the new era —"socialist China marches forward." Tavrovsky points out that the important thinking guiding the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the theoretical crystallization of the continuous exploration of several generations of leaders of the Communist Party of China. The Communist Party of China has always based itself on China's national conditions, continuously carried out theoretical exploration around the core proposition of socialist construction, and has promoted the continuous realization of new leaps in the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism.
Entering the 21st century, China's economic growth faced downward pressure, environmental problems became increasingly prominent, external containment forces gradually strengthened, and the marginal benefits of the existing development model diminished. Tavrovsky points out that, against this backdrop, President Xi Jinping first found the theoretical and practical way out of the impasse. "President Xi Jinping announced from the podium of the 19th National Congress that the Communist Party of China takes the realization of communism as its highest ideal and ultimate goal." The Communist Party of China places the socialist ideal first, shakes off poverty, comprehensively builds a moderately prosperous society, adheres to the people-centered development philosophy, letting the fruits of development benefit all the people more and more fairly. This series of theoretical innovations not only upholds the basic principles of scientific socialism, but also combines China's concrete realities and the development characteristics of the new era, endowing socialism with new vitality and vigor.
China has entered the new era, successfully advancing socialism forward. The new era did not begin with the victory of a war or revolution, but came to China in a peaceful way through the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Not only the Chinese people themselves, but also their neighboring countries, whether partners or opponents, "will all feel the significance of the new era." Tavrovsky firmly believes that the new era will be recorded in the annals of civilization.
The practical achievements of the new era —"Chinese wisdom, Chinese strength." In the book, Tavrovsky highly affirms the achievements China has made in the economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization fields since the new era. He particularly mentions that China's achievements on the battlefield of the battle against poverty can be called a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction; such a huge task of lifting impoverished people out of poverty could only be accomplished by the Communist Party of China, which is people-centered and has strong organizational capacity—this in itself is a vivid manifestation of the superiority of the Chinese system. The successful practice of China's battle against poverty has enabled many developing countries to see the hope of solving the difficult problem of poverty, and has contributed valuable Chinese experience and Chinese wisdom to the world's poverty reduction cause.
At the level of economic development, China has proactively adjusted its economic structure, adapted to the new normal of growth, maintained a stable development momentum against the backdrop of weak global economic growth, and has also relied on its own technological innovation to seize the initiative in many new tracks such as new energy and the digital economy, demonstrating strong endogenous development momentum. In the field of global governance, the "Belt and Road Initiative" proposed by China has provided brand-new cooperation options for numerous developing countries. Unlike the Western-dominated cooperation model with attached political conditions, China's cooperation plan adheres to achieving mutual benefits and win-win results, respecting the sovereignty of all countries, bringing tangible development results to participating countries, stimulating the economic development of countries along the routes, building an international cooperation platform of mutual benefit and win-win, and making important contributions to promoting balanced global development. Ecological civilization construction has also made substantive progress. According to the plan, by 2035 the goal of "Beautiful China" will be basically realized; China's intensity in promoting ecological civilization construction is unprecedented, from pollution prevention and control to the proposal of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, it has blazed a new path of coordinated development of ecology and economy, providing Chinese solutions for global response to climate change.
Tavrovsky emphasizes that the practical achievements of the new era have not only profoundly changed China's appearance, enabling China itself to embark on a higher-quality development path, but also proven to the world the feasibility of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The development model China has followed, relying on its own system, has provided a referable new path for numerous countries seeking independent development, letting the world truly feel the value of Chinese wisdom and the weight of Chinese strength.
Return to TopBy: 夏立新
A teacher is one who transmits the Way, imparts knowledge, and resolves doubts. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that "a classic teacher is easy to find, but a teacher of people is hard to come by," and has profoundly pointed out that"if a teacher only knows how to 'impart knowledge' and 'resolve doubts' but does not 'transmit the Way,' then this teacher cannot be said to be fully competent; at best he can only be a 'classic teacher' or a 'teacher of punctuation and phrasing,' not a 'teacher of people.'" As the times develop and technology advances, artificial intelligence is accelerating the reshaping of education's forms. Yet, the more we enter an era in which artificial intelligence can effortlessly complete the delivery of knowledge, the more we need "teachers of people" to shoulder the mission of casting souls and nurturing people.
In November 2023, students of class 2301 of the "Excellent Teacher Program" of the School of Chinese Language and Literature at Central China Normal University received a handwritten letter from Teacher Yu Yi, recipient of the national honorary title "People's Educator" and honorary principal of Shanghai Yangpu Senior High School. In her letter, Teacher Yu Yi urged everyone that"the sacred duty of a teacher is to light the lamp of life," encouraging the students to hold torches in hand and lead students to become useful talents of the nation who possess a Chinese heart, cherish Chinese feelings, and have genuine abilities to survive, develop, and serve the people. Teacher Yu Yi, like a"lamp lighter," illuminated and warmed a group of young people determined to return to their hometowns in central and western China to teach, igniting the lamp of their spiritual growth. Such exemplary power is precisely the spiritual nourishment that artificial intelligence cannot provide
Teacher Wang Jinquan, one of the first "National Models of Teaching and Educating People," after graduating from the Chinese Department of Central China Normal University, was assigned to the nationally renowned Huanggang Middle School in Hubei Province. While visiting teachers at Qichun No. 4 Middle School, he saw that Qichun No. 4 Middle School was in great need of teachers. In order to support education in mountain areas, he resolutely and without hesitation transferred to the remote Qichun No. 4 Middle School. This place is located deep in the mountains, with blocked transportation and harsh conditions. Teacher Wang Jinquan took root at the rural podium for decades and was hailed as the"Teacher Soul of the Dabie Mountains." Teacher Wang Jinquan once said: "I will forever be a bridge; if I can enable students to tread upon my body and walk toward the shore of hope, then I am content." This spirit of dedication that takes root in the soil, this educational faith carved into life, has set a model for normal school students and is something no artificial intelligence algorithm can simulate
The awakening of the soul is always more powerful and more enduring than the empowerment of technology. The essence of a"teacher of people" has never been limited to knowledge transmission, but lies even more in nurturing personality with personality, helping students fasten the first button of life correctly through teaching by both words and example. An excellent teacher should be a unity of the"classic teacher" and the"teacher of people," being skilled not only in"imparting knowledge" and"resolving doubts," but even more so taking"transmitting the Way" as responsibility and mission. In the present era of artificial intelligence changing with each passing day, technology may appropriately share part of the responsibility of the"classic teacher," but it cannot replace the soul-casting merit of the"teacher of people." Great masters such as Yu Yi and Wang Jinquan used their entire lives to practice the original aspiration of teaching and educating people, willingly serving as guides, willingly serving as paving stones, influencing students' character with personal charisma and opening the gate of wisdom for students with academic attainments. This transmission of spirit is precisely education's most profound and most moving core
Education is not filling a bucket of water, but lighting a fire. Facts have proven that the more artificial intelligence develops, the more prominent the value of the"teacher of people" becomes. Artificial intelligence has made knowledge easily accessible, continuously lowering the threshold for knowledge acquisition, and the traditional advantage of teachers as knowledge transmitters is undergoing change. Content that in the past required spending great amounts of time consulting, content requiring teachers to explain repeatedly, can now be precisely retrieved, instantly generated, and even provide personalized learning plans according to different needs. But the value of teachers has never been merely"knowing more," but lies in being able to enter students' inner worlds and establish real and profound educational relationships. When technology helps teachers improve efficiency, expand knowledge boundaries, and liberates teachers from large amounts of mechanical and repetitive work, teachers should then invest more time and energy into those places that truly need human beings—paying attention to students' emotional needs, discovering students' individual potentials, seizing educational opportunities vanishing in a flash, and creating an educational field with warmth and vitality
Education is a purposeful social activity of cultivating people. Artificial intelligence has no thought, emotion, or warmth, yet teaching and educating people requires enlightening wisdom, moistening hearts, and teaching students in accordance with their individual aptitudes. Teachers do not face"information containers" waiting to be fed knowledge, but living lives with emotions, personalities, potentials, and selves in formation. Real educational scenes are full of contingency and variability; a glance, a moment of silence, a casual word may all become important opportunities affecting student growth. These moments require teachers to make judgments by virtue of educational wisdom, practical experience, and understanding of students. Artificial intelligence can help students acquire knowledge, but it cannot replace teachers in squatting down to listen, leaning down to accompany, calming the mind to empathize, nor can it replace teachers' core role in value guidance and personality shaping. The more powerful technology becomes, the more teachers are needed to influence life with life and transform the power of technology into the power of educating people—this is precisely where the"teacher of people" cannot be replaced in the era of artificial intelligence
Mr. Tao Xingzhi said that teachers are"teaching and re-teaching repeatedly, teaching people to seek truth," and students are"learning and re-learning repeatedly, learning to be true people." A person's growth and success requires not only knowledge empowerment, but even more value guidance. Today's young people grow up in an era of highly abundant information and more diverse choices. Young people have more choices, but they are also more likely to feel lost amid intricate and complicated circumstances. How to distinguish right from wrong, how to choose and decide, how to face fame and fortune, how to shoulder responsibility—these still require guidance from real people, real life, and real power of personality. "A classic teacher is easy to find, but a teacher of people is hard to come by" is for normal universities not merely an educational expectation, but a weighty responsibility of the times. What kind of teachers today's normal universities cultivate, in a certain sense, determines what the future of education will look like, and also influences the spiritual temperament of the coming generation
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out:"Teachers bear the great responsibility of the times to spread knowledge, spread thought, spread truth, and to shape souls, shape lives, shape new people." Standing at the crest of educational transformation, normal universities must both proactively embrace technology, empowering the innovative development of teacher education with digital technology, supporting teachers' precise teaching research and professional growth with artificial intelligence, and building a new ecosystem of human-machine collaborative teacher development, and also firmly uphold the foundation of fostering virtue and cultivating people, deeply advancing the transformation of the spirit of educators from value advocacy to institutionalized implementation, threading the spirit of educators through the entire process of normal student cultivation and training, through all links of classroom teaching, scientific research, and social practice, cultivating batch after batch of high-level teacher teams. We must more firmly guide normal students to establish the aspiration and ambition of"devotedly cultivating in the field of education, strengthening the nation has me," internalizing respect, understanding, and care for students into professional habits, enabling normal students not only to be good at teaching, but even more skilled at educating people; not only able to stand firm on today's podium, but also able to lead the classroom of the future, becoming"great masters" who shape students' character, conduct, and taste, letting generation after generation of"teachers of people" take up the spiritual torch, writing new chapters in the great cause of cultivating roots and casting souls, injecting streaming continuously without end educational strength into the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation
(The author is Secretary of the Party Committee of Central China Normal University)
Return to TopBy: 左伟
Competition is the core link of competitive sport, and also an important hub connecting training, talent, industry, culture, and governance. The "15th Five-Year Plan" for Building a Sporting Power proposes accelerating the establishment of a systematic, open, and orderly-connected national integrated single-event competition system, and promoting more eligible events and competitions toward professionalization. This deployment indicates that, in the new era, the construction of a competitive sport competition system can no longer remain at the level of increasing the number of events or expanding the scale of hosting, but must place greater emphasis on systemic reshaping, institutional innovation, and functional upgrading. Looking toward the 15th Five-Year Plan period, we should take serving the building of a sporting power as the fundamental coordinate, and promote the transformation of the competition system from relatively closed to systematically open, from fragmented by department to connected and through-going, from solely competing for gold medals to comprehensive empowerment, better converting our country's competitive sport institutional advantages, talent advantages, and super-large-scale market advantages into development effectiveness.
The "strength" of a sporting power is reflected both in striving for advancement and better ranking on the international stage, and also in whether the foundation of sports development is solid, whether the governance system is mature, and whether comprehensive functions are fully realized. The competition system sits at the center of the competitive sport operation chain: forward, it connects talent selection and training; backward, it connects talent growth and career development; laterally, it connects schools, sports schools, associations, clubs, enterprises, and social organizations. Whether the competition system is scientific directly affects training quality, talent mobility, resource allocation, and event ecology. Building a modernized competition system, in essence, is to use competition as the traction, carrying out a systematic reshaping of the organizational methods, resource allocation methods, and governance methods of competitive sport.
A modernized competition system must first solve the problem of "each holding its own competitions without forming a system." For a long time, there has been insufficient connection between events at different levels in some disciplines; comprehensive games, single-event championships, youth events, and professional leagues still have barriers in scheduling, qualification recognition, registration, and exchange; event supply in some disciplines and regions is relatively concentrated, while some other disciplines and grassroots regions lack stable competitions. In this regard, we should strengthen a unified, coordinated national approach (全国一盘棋, quan guo yi pan qi - "whole, country, one, chess"), and, taking unified planning, tiered classification, openness, and connectivity as principles, build a competition system that is vertically through-going, horizontally coordinated, and internally-and-externally connected. Vertically, we must improve the progressive pathway from grassroots events, youth events, regional events, to national high-level events and international events. We should promote the formation in each discipline of a competition sequence with stable formats, clear tiers, and orderly promotion and relegation, and promote the effective connection at the competition end of training channels such as schools, sports schools, youth training centers, and social clubs. Through unifying competition standards, standardizing athlete registration, and strengthening mutual recognition of results and rankings, let talent flow smoothly between different training entities and competition tiers, avoiding excellent prospects being missed or athletic careers being fragmented due to institutional barriers. Horizontally, we must strengthen scheduling coordination and regional synergy. Establish a national competition calendar coordination mechanism, scientifically handle the relationships among comprehensive games, single-event championships, professional leagues, and youth events, reducing duplicate hosting and disorderly conflicts. Encourage cross-regional joint hosting of regional comprehensive games, single-event events, and city leagues, and promote the co-construction and sharing of resources such as venues, talent, media, and commercial development. At the same time, implement differentiated layout according to the resource endowments and event foundations of different regions, both supporting advantageous regions in strengthening brand events, and also reserving necessary development space for central and western regions, grassroots regions, and disciplines with relatively weak development.
For emerging disciplines and disciplines whose mass base has rapidly expanded, a more flexible event access and dynamic adjustment mechanism should be established. The competition system cannot be solidified into a closed structure, but must promptly respond to event evolution, technological change, and mass needs. Through pilot-first, evaluation feedback, and dynamic inclusion, enable emerging disciplines to enter a track of standardized development, and also enable traditional disciplines to continuously radiate vitality through competition format innovation. The National Games is our country's highest-level, largest-scale comprehensive games, and is an important platform for showcasing competitive sport achievements, discovering and cultivating outstanding talent, and driving national fitness and regional development. In advancing the construction of a modernized competition system, we must further leverage the strategic traction role of the National Games, promoting its expansion from a platform for competing for gold medals to a comprehensive carrier of national strategy, and its transformation from one-way local investment to multi-party co-construction and collaboration.
Professional leagues are the component with the highest degree of marketization and the broadest social influence in the modern competition system, and also an important window for observing sports governance capacity. Currently, some professional leagues still have problems such as unsound governance structures, unclear property rights and relationships of powers and responsibilities, single business models, and unstable club development; at the same time, the tendency of valuing only traffic and only commercial returns may also erode competition fairness and public value. In advancing professional league reform, we must correctly handle the relationships between public welfare and commercial nature, government regulation and industry self-governance, short-term returns and long-term development. Promote clearer powers and responsibilities among discipline associations, league organizations, and clubs, and improve club corporate governance, financial supervision, and information disclosure systems. Improve mechanisms for athlete exchange and transfer, salary management, revenue distribution, agent conduct, and youth training compensation, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of athletes, clubs, and investing entities. Strengthen the stability of competition rules and the continuity of policy expectations, enhancing market entities' confidence through openness, transparency, and equal competition. Centering on independent event intellectual property, expand business formats such as copyright operation, brand licensing, ticketing services, franchising, and digital content, promoting deep integration of events with culture, tourism, commerce, health, etc. The market development of professional leagues cannot come at the expense of overdrawing the foundation of the discipline; more revenue should be used for youth training systems, grassroots coaches, event services, and club capacity building, forming a virtuous mechanism whereby top leagues feed back into discipline development. Improve systems for competition conduct and discipline, anti-doping, event safety, and integrity risk prevention and control, and strengthen whole-chain governance of behaviors such as "match-fixing, gambling, and fraud," match manipulation, financial fraud, and irregular agency practices. Cultivate healthy and upward fan culture and event culture, and govern uncivilized behavior in the stands and "fan circle" chaos according to law. The more active the market, the clearer the rules must be; the greater the event's influence, the more solidly public responsibility must be fulfilled.
Building a modernized competition system must ultimately land on the full manifestation of sports' comprehensive value and multiple functions. Competition cannot only bear the single function of selecting athletes and competing for rankings; it should also play a greater role in promoting people's well-rounded development, expanding sports consumption, driving coordinated regional development, and carrying forward the Chinese sports spirit. Educating people through competition: character building should be woven through the entire process of events. Improve youth competition rules and event-hosting standards, properly handle the relationships between competition results and physical and mental health, and between athletic training and cultural education, letting young people grow through rule awareness, teamwork, willpower, and a sense of responsibility. Revitalizing industry through competition: leverage the traction role of events on consumption and industry, cultivate independent event brands, develop the event economy, promote integrated business formats such as "traveling to events," better converting event traffic into consumption growth and development quality. Promoting integration through competition: leverage the advantages of regional leagues, city leagues, and rural events in being close to the masses and connecting urban and rural areas. Support all localities in developing distinctive events in light of local conditions, and through cross-regional joint hosting, resource sharing, and brand co-building, serve coordinated regional development and the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. Carrying forward culture through competition: integrate the Chinese sports spirit, arena civility, and cultural expression into event planning, communication, and services, build event brands with Chinese bearing, the spirit of the times, and international influence, and enhance the cultural appeal of Chinese sports and its international discourse power.
The competition system is connected on one end to the strategic goal of building a sporting power, and on the other end to the broad masses' new expectations for a better life. Looking toward the 15th Five-Year Plan period, we must adhere to systems thinking and reform thinking, coordinate the multiple forces of government, market, society, education, etc., use the "connectivity" of the competition system to promote the "vitality" of competitive sport development, use the "newness" of governance mechanisms to enhance the "effectiveness" of building a sporting power. When events at different levels are effectively connected, different entities each give full play to their strengths, and the multiple functions of events are fully released, the modernized competitive sport competition system with Chinese characteristics will surely become more mature and finalized, injecting lasting momentum into accelerating the building of a sporting power and advancing Chinese modernization.
(The author is Vice President of the Capital Institute of Physical Education.)
Return to TopBy: 王占一
"If the gentleman is not dignified, he will not inspire awe" comes from the "Xue'er" chapter of the Analects. Confucius said: "If the gentleman is not dignified, he will not inspire awe; if he studies, he will not be rigid. Make loyalty and faithfulness your governing principles. Have no friends who are not as good as yourself. When you have faults, do not fear to correct them." In these few short words, from the five aspects of establishing oneself, pursuing learning, treating others, making friends, and correcting faults, the basic path of gentlemanly self-cultivation is sketched out. In the age of digital intelligence, when information surges, ideas clash, and the pace of life continues to quicken, "if the gentleman is not dignified, he will not inspire awe" still enlightens people to cultivate inner steadiness, uphold sincerity and trustworthiness, choose friends with care, and have the courage to correct faults, standing firm on one's spiritual coordinates in a complex world.
Holding oneself with dignity, dignified and measured
"Dignity" is first of all an inner character. "If the gentleman is not dignified, he will not inspire awe" does not mean that the gentleman must be stern-faced and tight-lipped, silent and sparing of words, but rather emphasizes that one ought to be steady and self-possessed, restrained in speech and measured in conduct. Confucius praised the gentleman as being calm and composed without being arrogant (泰而不骄, tai er bu jiao - "peaceful, and, not, arrogant"), settled and composed without being conceited or self-important; he also said "the gentleman is not a vessel," reminding people that they cannot merely possess a single skill, but must form a complete and steady personality. Fan Zhongyan harbored great ambitions from youth; whether occupying the high station of court or dwelling in distant obscurity, he always kept the world in his heart. What he wrote in Yueyang Tower Record — "not being swayed by external circumstances or personal emotions" (不以物喜，不以己悲, bu yi wu xi, bu yi ji bei - "not, by, things, rejoice; not, by, self, grieve") — is precisely a vivid portrayal of the spirit of dignified self-possession. The outside world has favorable and adverse turns; the heart has its fixed compass. Circumstances rise and fall; integrity of conduct admits no alteration.
True majesty does not come from the coercive power conferred by status, nor from the oppression of harsh words and fierce looks, but from firm principles, fair handling of affairs, and trustworthy words and deeds. As the saying goes, "If the man himself is upright, orders are carried out without being issued; if the man himself is not upright, even orders are not obeyed." Setting an example by one's own conduct has more power than issuing commands; a rectified character convinces people more than external intimidation. Living in an open and pluralistic society, one must have both the breadth of mind to accept new things and the steadiness not to follow the crowd or trends (不随波逐流, bu sui bo zhu liu - "not, follow, waves, drift, current"). Holding oneself with dignity keeps one from being swept along by clamor, from losing one's way because of fads, from changing one's original aspiration over temporary gains and losses, and enables one to hold fast to one's own measure and direction in a complex environment.
Learning and thinking reinforce each other; practicing earnestly without slackening
Right after "if not dignified, one will not inspire awe," Confucius immediately says, "if one studies, one will not be rigid." "Rigid" has the sense of being firmly established, and also includes the meanings of being solid, firm, and steadfast. If the mind is restless, learning easily becomes doing something superficially without going deep (浅尝辄止, qian shang che zhi - "shallow, taste, then, stop"); if one is not solemn enough in conduct, what one has learned also cannot be internalized into stable knowledge, ability, and character. Dignified steadiness is the foundation of pursuing learning; solid earnestness is the essential key to scholarship. The way of learning values daily accumulation. Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy by the pond, and the pond water turned entirely black; Song Lian braved snow to visit his teacher, "recording with his own hand, returning by the agreed date"; Wang Yangming, amid hardship, engaged in investigating things to attain knowledge (格物致知, ge wu zhi zhi - "investigate, things, reach, knowledge") and examining oneself and reflecting on one's own conduct (反躬自省, fan gong zi xing - "turn, body, self, reflect"). All who have achieved something have invariably passed through deep accumulation and repeated tempering.
"Learning without thinking leads to confusion" (学而不思则罔, xue er bu si ze wang - "learn, and, not, think, then, bewildered"); "thinking without learning leads to danger" (思而不学则殆, si er bu xue ze dai - "think, and, not, learn, then, endangered"). Learning requires both broad absorption and independent thinking. Digital intelligence technology has expanded the boundaries of knowledge and also changed the ways of learning. Search engines can present answers rapidly; intelligent tools can generate texts quickly. But convenience does not equal depth, information does not equal knowledge, and the answers given by algorithms still less can replace human judgment. The easier it becomes to obtain things, the more one must sink down and carefully discriminate. Only by enduring the loneliness of inquiry and upholding the standards of scholarship can one transform fragmentary information into systematic cognition and precipitate external knowledge into inner wisdom.
Make loyalty and faithfulness the governing principles; be consistent in words and deeds
"Make loyalty and faithfulness the governing principles" emphasizes that in conducting oneself and dealing with others, one should take loyalty and trustworthiness as the foundation. "Loyalty" means exhausting one's own heart — being sincere toward others and conscientious toward one's duties; "trustworthiness" means that one's words have substance, have basis, and are backed by action. Loyalty and trustworthiness are not a temporary posture, but a value choice running through everyday words and deeds, and an important foundation for a person to establish himself and find security in the world. During the Spring and Autumn period, Ji Bu was renowned for his integrity and good faith; people of the time said, "Better than a hundred catties of gold is one promise from Ji Bu," whence came the celebrated tale of "a promise worth a thousand pieces of gold" (一诺千金, yi nuo qian jin - "one, promise, thousand, gold"). In the Northern Song dynasty, Yan Shu, taking the imperial examination, discovered that the exam question was one he had done before; he took the initiative to explain the facts to the emperor and request that a different question be substituted. Sincerity and trustworthiness may seem to constrain immediate gains, but in reality they accumulate long-lasting reputation.
"Speak with loyalty and trustworthiness; act with earnestness and respect." Only when one's words are truthful and reliable, and one's deeds are steadfast and reverent, can stable interpersonal relationships and social order be established. In a digital society, the ways of interaction have become more convenient, yet between people there may be accounts, screens, and algorithms. Anonymous expression easily lowers the cost of breaching trust; false information may spread rapidly with the help of technology; carefully packaged personas may also obscure one's true character. The more one finds oneself in an environment where virtual and real are interwoven, the more one needs to take loyalty and trustworthiness as the measure — not spreading unverified information, not using technology to deceive others, not sacrificing truth for traffic, not breaking bottom lines for profit.
Use friends to assist benevolence; choose the good and follow it
"Have no friends who are not as good as yourself" has always had different interpretations. If one simply understands it as not associating with those whose abilities or status are inferior to one's own, that is both narrow-minded and inconsistent with Confucius's consistent spirit of "teaching without discrimination" and "in any threesome walking together, there must be one who can be my teacher." Here, "not as good as oneself" is a reminder to choose friends carefully — to draw near those of upright aspirations and commendable character, and not to be mutually drawn along with those who deviate from morality or to wallow in the mire together with them. Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya were friends; Bao Shuya recognized his worth, made allowance for his hardships, and recommended his talents, enabling Guan Zhong to assist Duke Huan of Qi in achieving hegemony. Boya and Zhong Ziqi knew each other through the sound of the qin, leaving behind the timeless tale of "high mountains and flowing waters." True friends can remind each other in times of confusion, support each other in times of difficulty, and frankly admonish each other in the face of faults.
In making friends, the gentleman values using friends to assist benevolence. Social networks have broken through the limits of time and space, and have also continuously expanded the boundaries of "friendship." Following and liking can quickly establish connections, but do not necessarily form genuine understanding. Faced with a sprawling social circle, one should have less unprincipled echoing and more sincere exchange. Choosing the good to associate with and seeing the worthy to emulate can make friendship a help to self-cultivation, rather than a temptation that leads one astray.
Do not fear to correct faults; move toward the good and renew oneself
Men are not sages and worthies; who can be without faults? What truly distinguishes the gentleman from ordinary people lies not in whether one makes mistakes, but in whether one can face one's errors squarely and have the courage to correct them. "When you have faults, do not fear to correct them" — the single character "fear" speaks to the difficulty of correcting faults — sometimes one fears damaging one's reputation, sometimes one worries about bearing responsibility, so that small errors accumulate into major faults. Confucius said: "To have faults and not correct them — this is what is meant by having faults." Making mistakes itself is not terrible; knowing one has faults yet refusing to correct them is the true fault. Lian Po was at first dissatisfied that Lin Xiangru stood above him in rank, and threatened to humiliate him face to face. Lin Xiangru, putting national interests first, yielded at every turn. When Lian Po learned the truth, he was deeply ashamed, and subsequently went to Lin Xiangru carrying brambles on his back to offer apology, ultimately achieving the celebrated tale of "the general and the minister reconciled." A person cannot choose never to make mistakes, but he can choose not to be trapped by his mistakes.
Correcting faults requires external reminders, and even more requires inner self-awareness. "I daily examine myself on three counts" — it is precisely through continuous reflection that one perceives deviations in words and deeds and corrects the direction of one's life. In an era of rapid technological iteration, knowledge may become outdated, judgment may become inaccurate, and decisions may inevitably go awry. Only by maintaining a self-examining mindset and building the ability to correct errors promptly can one continue to grow amid change.
"If the gentleman is not dignified, he will not inspire awe" speaks to external bearing, but points even more toward inner personality; it emphasizes dignified steadfastness, and also includes continuous striving. With dignity, one can establish oneself; with earnest study, one can understand principle; with loyalty and trustworthiness, one can command conviction; with careful choice of friends, one can assist benevolence; with correcting faults, one can renew oneself daily. These accomplishments of self-cultivation interpenetrate one another, jointly constituting the solid foundation of gentlemanly character.
Return to TopBy: 侯杰
As the newspaper with the longest publication history in Chinese journalism, Ta Kung Pao (《大公报》), founded in 1902, has been published for 124 years. During the War of Resistance, Ta Kung Pao of the Tianjin Xinji Company period endured great hardships, undergoing a tragic six-relocation expedition. From its founding place of Tianjin, it successively relocated to Shanghai, Hankou, Hong Kong, Chongqing, Guilin and other places to establish offices and publish papers — not to expand its commercial territory, but to defend the dignity of the nation and the people, absolutely refusing to act in a servile or groveling manner (奴颜婢膝, nuyan bixi - "slave, face, kneeling, knee") or struggle to barely survive (苟延残喘, gouyan canchuan - "persevering, lingering, gasping, panting") under the guns and bayonets of the Japanese aggressors, demonstrating the national integrity of patriotic newspapermen in modern Chinese history who rejected humiliation, upheld honor, and shared the nation's calamity.
Ta Kung Pao was forced to publish simultaneously in Tianjin and Shanghai. In 1926, Ta Kung Pao of the Tianjin Xinji Company period carried considerable national responsibility and the responsibility of the era. On the day of the September 18 Incident in 1931, Ta Kung Pao reporter Wang Songnian learned from Gao Jiyi, director of the Beining Railway Administration, that news had come from Shenyang: the Japanese aggressor troops were making frequent deployments, the situation was abnormal, and something major might be about to happen. Therefore, he kept waiting at the railway administration until late at night, when the administration finally received a phone call from Shenyang — the Japanese aggressor troops had indeed opened fire. Wang Songnian immediately phoned the newspaper office on Xu Street in Tianjin, making an urgent report, and finally informed the world on the next day's front page: "The Japanese aggressor troops at Beidaying, suddenly launched an attack on our army beginning last night, gunfire has not ceased to this moment, and residents are extremely panicked." This short news item was an exclusive scoop, because after launching their attack, the Japanese aggressors had cut off all communication and transportation lines, and no other newspaper had any way to disclose such major news.
Ta Kung Pao immediately convened a meeting and adjusted its editorial policy to "know shame, teach war" ("know shame, teach war").The so-called "know shame" meant exposing to the world the history of Japan's invasions of China since the Meiji Restoration. "Teach war" meant inviting the renowned military strategist Jiang Baili to edit a Military Weekly, introducing modern military knowledge to the Chinese people. In order to call on the Chinese people to make preparations for the War of Resistance, Ta Kung Pao also published editorials explaining the necessity and importance of "knowing shame and teaching war." However, the fall of Northeast China still made chief editor Zhang Jiluan feel the threat of the Japanese aggressors to Beiping and Tianjin, so Zhang proposed relocating to Shanghai. After repeated deliberations with colleagues Hu Zhengzhi and Wu Dingchang, a final decision was made: while continuing to publish the Tianjin Ta Kung Pao, establish an office on Aidoaya Road in Shanghai and publish the Shanghai Ta Kung Pao. On April 1, 1936, the Xinji Company issued a notice: "From today, our paper publishes simultaneously in Shanghai and Tianjin; we respectfully request the attention of all sectors!" In the article "Ta Kung Pao in the Future," the newspapermen frankly stated: "This plan of our paper publishing simultaneously in Tianjin and Shanghai is neither an expansion of enterprise, nor an avoidance of the North in favor of the South — it is merely compelled by the urgent needs of the current situation."
On July 28, 1937, the Japanese aggressors frenziedly attacked Beiping, Tianjinand other places, cutting off Ta Kung Pao's distribution channels to areas outside Tianjin municipality. On July 30, the Shanghai Ta Kung Pao published an editorial titled "Statement on the Transfer of Distribution of Our Tianjin Paper," declaring: "Now that the nation faces great calamity, our paper and our colleagues, in justice, should devote our loyalty to the country, and willingly endure all sacrifices and calamities… Unless absolutely necessary, we should not cease the Tianjin edition. Therefore, at present within Tianjin municipality, we still strive to distribute, but for the convenience of readers in all provinces, outside Tianjin municipality, deliveries will be made by the Shanghai office instead… Should the day come when the lawful authorities of Tianjin municipality are interrupted, then whether it be a foreign military occupation or the emergence of any illegal Chinese organ, our paper will immediately and voluntarily suspend publication, and will not resume publication until the day when the nation's lawful rule is restored… Our colleagues, only hoping to follow behind compatriots nationwide, jointly promote the great principle of nation and people, in order to achieve the final success of resisting foreign aggression and building the nation." With the fall of Tianjin, on August 5, after issuing the"Notice of the Suspension of Publication of Our Tianjin Paper from Today," Ta Kung Pao acted with great determination and decisiveness (毅然决然, yiran jueran - "resolute, determined, decisive, suddenly") and ceased publication altogether.
From Shanghai to Hankou and then to Chongqing. Facing the frenzied attacks of the Japanese aggressors, the people of Ta Kung Pao not only showed no fear and fought bravely, but also made preparations in advance for potential difficulties (未雨绸缪, weiyu choumou - "not, rain, prepare, plan"), making preparations to relocate ahead of time. Before the Japanese army occupied Beipingand Tianjin, Ta Kung Pao had already established an office in Shanghai to publish. However, the development of the Shanghai Ta Kung Pao also encountered numerous difficulties; affected by the Battle of Shanghai, it was interrupted on multiple occasions. On December 14, 1937, the Shanghai Ta Kung Pao received a"notice" that the Japanese wanted to inspect newspaper proofs. The anti-Japanese articles published by the Shanghai Ta Kung Pao, including dispatches filed by Fan Changjiang leading war-zone correspondents to interview at the risk of their lives, would inevitably be subjected to strict restrictions. Hu Zhengzhi and others decided that they would rather suspend publication than ever accept inspection. When the Shanghai Ta Kung Pao announced its suspension, it published two consecutive editorials. One was"Temporarily Parting from Shanghai Readers": "We are descendants of China, embracing the wise teachings of our ancestors; our paper and our people will not suffer humiliation; under the premise of non-interference and non-humiliation, yesterday's'enotice'from the enemy made us decide to temporarily bid farewell to our Shanghai readers.""We are Chinese, running a Chinese paper — first, no surrender; second, no humiliation." The second was"On Not Surrendering": "We are newspapermen, harboring throughout our lives the aspiration of serving the country through writing. In peacetime, we have made no contribution to the nation, no contribution to our compatriots, and feel deep shame. Today, the only thing we can use to encourage ourselves, and also to encourage our compatriots, is these three characters — not surrender."
Before the Shanghai Ta Kung Pao suspended publication, its newspapermen once again began their expedition. On August 17, 1937, Zhang Jiluan and others established an office at Baorun Lane in Hankou, and on September 18, the Hankou Ta Kung Pao was founded. Zhang Jiluan said in his"Statement on Our Paper's Publication in Hankou":"This time Beipingand Tianjin fell, we ceased publication in Tianjin; then the Shanghai war broke out, and our Shanghai paper also encountered postal difficulties… Therefore we decided, on the one hand, to maintain the Shanghai paper, and on the other hand, to publish in Hankou…" This was deeply praised by the Chinese people. Yu Youren said:"At the moment when our loyal and brave officers and soldiers are fighting bloody battles for the independence of the nation and the survival of the people, resisting the brutal enemy, you gentlemen serve the country, establishing a new publication at a branch office in Hankou, rallying the nation's will to fight, strengthening the morale of the soldiers on the front lines — utmost admiration, utmost admiration!" The Hankou Ta Kung Pao not only reported the War of Resistance situation in a timely manner, publishing commentary having a powerful and forceful impact or effect (掷地有声, zhedi yousheng - "throw, ground, have, sound"), but also actively participated in social activities such as fundraising for soldiers on the front lines, becoming an important force in the War of Resistance.
In October 1937, the Japanese aggressors massed troops at the border, Nanjing was in peril, and the National Government decided to relocate the capital to Chongqing. In June 1938, after occupying Nanjing, the Japanese army further invaded Wuhan. On October 17, 1938, the Hankou Ta Kung Pao announced its suspension the following day, and after Hankou fell on October 25, it was forced to relocate to Chongqing. On December 1, 1938, the Chongqing Ta Kung Pao was founded, stating in its"Publication in Chongqing":"Our paper, in Tianjin, in Shanghai, through many years of operation, has considerable foundations; but since the brutal enemy attacked, our enterprise and property have largely sunk together with national sovereignty… We this group of people, these few pens, this sheet of paper, respectfully under the great banner of the War of Resistance, will strive to the end, fulfilling the duty of a common soldier in the realm of public opinion." Initially, Zhang Jiluan placed the newspaper office at Xinfeng Street in downtown Chongqing. When the Japanese army conducted massive bombing raids on Chongqing, Ta Kung Pao was destroyed, and had to borrow office space from other newspapers' editorial departments, printing the paper on their behalf. Later, Hu Zhengzhi built a new newspaper office in Liziba on the outskirts, and had two air-raid shelters built halfway up the hillside, used respectively to shelter staff and printing machinery. In 1940, when the Japanese aggressors carried out frenzied, large-scale bombing of Chongqing, the offices, printing machinery, etc. of the Chongqing Ta Kung Pao were again damaged; only the machinery and personnel in the air-raid shelters halfway up the hillside remained safe, and relying on crude equipment, they persisted in publishing the paper. On August 19, 1941, facing the Japanese aggressors' indiscriminate bombing, the newspapermen of Ta Kung Pao showed no fear, writing boldly in"We Are Harvesting Rice":"With food sufficient, with troops sufficient, once we have grain, we can fight, and we can fight until the day the enemy is utterly defeated," fully demonstrating the indomitable will to resist and the firm confidence in victory of the Chinese military and civilians.
From Hong Kong to Guilin and then to Chongqing. The publication of the Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao and the Guilin Ta Kung Pao also depended on the making preparations in advance for potential difficulties of the Ta Kung Pao newspapermen. In 1938, facing the Japanese army's approach to Wuhan, Hu Zhengzhi realized that Hankou was also no place for a long stay, that another relocation might well be unavoidable, and decided that while publishing the Hankou Ta Kung Pao, he would also publish Ta Kung Pao in Hong Kong. On August 13, 1938, the Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao published two editorials in its inaugural issue. One was"First Anniversary of August 13," proposing:"This year's severe foreign aggression has destroyed how many undertakings of our nation and people; our paper, as a tiny member of the national cause, naturally cannot be exempt. Yet what is fortunate is that not only is the heart not dead, but the people are also not dead; although we have experienced every hardship, a single worn-out writing brush has remained firmly in hand all along." The other was"Statement on Our Paper's Publication of a Hong Kong Edition":"We are a Tianjin paper… From today, we also publish a Hong Kong edition… The arduous great cause of China's national liberation, from now on, needs the efforts of compatriots in the South even more urgently… to do a bit of commentary work," demonstrating the determination and will of the Ta Kung Pao newspapermen to"serve the country through writing."
Facing the Japanese aggressors' step-by-step advance, Hu Zhengzhi concluded that the Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao office could also hardly be preserved, so in the spring of 1941 he established an office at Xingziyan in Guilin, founding the Guilin Ta Kung Pao, in order to"serve those nearby, facilitate all parties. For these various reasons, it was therefore decided to launch this paper." Soon, the circulation of the Guilin Ta Kung Pao actually leapt to the top among Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, and Guizhou.
On December 7, 1941, the Pacific War broke out, and subsequently the Japanese aggressors occupied Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao was forced, at the end of that year, to publish an editorial titled"Temporarily Parting from Hong Kong Readers," using the lines"Since ancient times, who has never died? Keep a loyal heart to illuminate the annals of history" to express its aspiration, and acted with great determination and decisiveness in announcing its suspension. In order to escape Hong Kong, Hu Zhengzhi prepared for the worst. He hid three round buttons in his cotton-padded gown, prepared to swallow them and take his own life if he encountered the enemy, preferring death to humiliation. In 1944, when the Japanese aggressors captured Guilin, the Guilin Ta Kung Pao suspended publication in mid-September. The newspapermen of Ta Kung Pao, together with refugees, overcoming numerous difficulties, withdrew back to Chongqing.
During the War of Resistance, Ta Kung Pao undertook its six-relocation expedition, from north to south, from east to west. The newspapermen of Ta Kung Pao held fast to one conviction: rather than suspend publication, they would absolutely never publish a single day's paper under the iron hooves of the Japanese aggressors. Even if they had to establish new offices elsewhere, no matter how difficult, they would continue to publicize the War of Resistance at home and abroad, striving for victory. Ta Kung Pao straightened the backbone of the Chinese nation, winning the trust of the Chinese people and the respect of international friends. On May 15, 1941, when the School of Journalism at the University of Missouri in the United States selected the world's outstanding newspapers, Ta Kung Pao received an honorary medal, and one of the principal reasons was that during the extremely arduous conditions of the War of Resistance, Ta Kung Pao had continuously produced a large volume of influential reporting on the resistance against Japan and national salvation.
Return to TopBy: 王蕾
On the east bank of the Nile River in the southern suburbs of the Egyptian capital Cairo, there lies an ancient site silent beneath the ruins — Fustat. In 641 AD, Amr ibn al-As, a general of the Arab Empire, led his army to conquer Egypt and pitched camp here, making it the capital. "Fustat" means "tent" in Arabic, and this name itself carries the memory of the city's origins. Over the following centuries, Fustat developed into the largest industrial, commercial, and trade city in the Islamic world, flourishing during the Fatimid dynasty, until it suffered severe destruction during the Crusader invasion of 1168. However, this once-prosperous ancient city was not completely obliterated by history.
Multiple archaeological excavations since the 20th century have brought Fustat back into the world's view. Among them, the most striking discovery has been a large number of porcelain fragments from China. Like messengers spanning a thousand years, they silently tell the story of the maritime Silk Road between ancient China and Egypt.
Chinese porcelain in the Underground Ceramics Museum
Archaeological excavation of the Fustat site began in 1912. More than a century of scientific excavation has gradually revealed the astonishing full scope of this "underground ceramics museum." Among the sorted ceramic specimens from China and surrounding regions, more than 12,000 fragments can be definitively identified as Chinese porcelain.
The variety and quality of Chinese porcelain unearthed at Fustat is astonishing. These include Xing ware white porcelain, Yue ware celadon, Changsha ware celadon with iron-painted decoration, and Gongyi ware white porcelain with green-painted decoration from the Tang to Five Dynasties period; they also include Yue ware celadon, white porcelain, Longquan celadon, Cizhou ware, and Yaozhou ware ceramic fragments from the Northern Song period, Longquan celadon and Jingdezhen qingbai ware from the Southern Song period, as well as Yuan dynasty blue-and-white porcelain fragments.
Notably, more than half of the porcelain fragments unearthed at Fustat are from the Ming and Qing dynasties. Among them, Ming dynasty ceramics include Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain, and white porcelain and blue-and-white porcelain from Zhangzhou ware and Dehua ware; Qing dynasty ceramics include blue-and-white porcelain, wucai polychrome porcelain, famille rose porcelain, Chinese Imari porcelain, and monochrome-glazed porcelain. Most of the Chinese porcelain unearthed at the Fustat site is of extremely high quality, carefully fired masterpieces, which fully demonstrates how popular Chinese porcelain was in Egypt at the time.
Two-way exchange along the maritime Silk Road
How did these exquisite Chinese porcelains travel from the distant East to the banks of the Nile? The answer lies in the routes of the ancient maritime Silk Road.
After the Tang dynasty, with the vigorous development of maritime trade, the trade structure of the Silk Road underwent profound changes. Ships laden with handicrafts from East and West frequently plied the Indian Ocean, and port towns scattered across Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf, and the Red Sea rapidly developed into bustling commercial ports. It was along this maritime route that Chinese porcelain made its way to the world. Merchants collected porcelain from kilns in Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Henan, Hebei and other places, transshipped them through inland river and lake ports, and arrived at seaports such as Mingzhou (Ningbo),, Quanzhou, and Guangzhou. From these ports, vessels rounded the Malay Peninsula, crossed the Indian Ocean to reach the Persian Gulf, then made their way to the Red Sea coast, and finally entered Egypt. This was a maritime route stretching thousands of miles, crossing the South China Sea, the Strait of Malacca, the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Red Sea. During the Tang dynasty, merchant ships departing from ports on China's southeastern coast could already make the arduous journey to the Red Sea coast, and trade between places like Quanzhou and Fustat was already quite active.
Arab merchants were the most active trade intermediaries on this route. During the heyday of the Islamic Empire, particularly from the 8th to the 13th centuries, Arab merchants transported silk, spices, tea, porcelain, and other valuables from China and Southeast Asia to the Middle East and Africa via important ports such as Quseir on the Red Sea coast. After these Chinese porcelains arrived at Red Sea ports, they were then transshipped via the Nile to Fustat. Fustat, situated in the Nile Delta, possesses exceptional natural advantages (得天独厚, de tian du hou - "get, heaven, uniquely, thick"), serving both as a central city of the Nile River basin and as a trade hub connecting the Red Sea with the Mediterranean. Of the Chinese porcelain shipped here, part was consumed locally, while another part was further resold to Alexandria at the mouth of the Nile, distributed along the Mediterranean coast and even throughout Europe.
The maritime Silk Road was never a one-way export. Chinese porcelain, silk, tea, and other products traveled westward along this route, while products from Egypt and more distant places also traveled eastward to China via the maritime Silk Road. Foreign merchants brought jewels, spices, ivory, hawksbill turtle shell, rhinoceros horn, and other rarities. During the Tang and Song dynasties, large quantities of spices from the Arab world, such as frankincense, myrrh, benzoin, and storax, were imported into China. During the Shaoxing reign of the Southern Song dynasty, Ye Tinggui, then Superintendent of the Maritime Trade Office in Quanzhou, compiled the "Nanfan Xianglu" (Record of Spices from the Southern Seas) in one volume, devoted exclusively to the overseas spice trade. The book recorded in detail dozens of spices imported from overseas, including agarwood, frankincense, ambergris, rose water, sandalwood, benzoin, storax, duknux incense, jinyan incense, and others. These spices not only enriched China's material life but also profoundly influenced traditional medicine and daily life. Egyptian glassware, textiles, and other products also spread eastward along this route. This two-way flow of goods painted the foundational hues of exchange and mutual learning along the maritime Silk Road.
A thousand-year testament to China-Egypt friendly exchanges
The Chinese porcelain unearthed at the Fustat site is powerful material evidence of friendly exchanges between ancient China and Egypt. These porcelain fragments span from the Tang dynasty to the Qing dynasty, forming a complete, uninterrupted chain of trade. From the 9th to the 14th centuries, ceramic trade between China and Egypt lasted for several hundred years. It was precisely through these Chinese porcelains scattered along the shores of the Indian Ocean that the magnificent panorama of ancient East-West maritime trade was vividly revealed. This maritime Silk Road, together with the traditional overland Silk Road, jointly constituted the dual veins of civilization exchange between the ancient East and West. Those Chinese porcelain fragments scattered across the western Indian Ocean, like pearls strewn along the river of history, string together the thousand-year history of friendly exchanges between the Chinese and Egyptian peoples.
The significance of the maritime Silk Road extends far beyond commodity exchange. It is a corridor for dialogue among civilizations anda bridge for cultural integration. The Chinese porcelain unearthed at the Fustat site, with its exquisite craftsmanship and unique aesthetics, profoundly influenced ceramic production in Egypt and even throughout the entire Islamic world. At the same time, knowledge from Egypt, including glassmaking techniques, spices and medicine, astronomy and calendrical methods, also spread eastward along the maritime Silk Road, enriching the connotation of Chinese culture. It is precisely this two-way, deep-level mutual learning among civilizations that elevated the maritime Silk Road beyond a mere trade route, making it a spiritual bond connecting different civilizations.
China and Egypt are both ancient civilizations, whose traditional friendship has spanned a thousand years and become stronger and more resilient over time (历久弥坚, li jiu mi jian - "pass, long time, increasingly, firm"). From the Chinese porcelain unearthed at the Fustat site to the vigorous development of the China-Egypt comprehensive strategic partnership today, these Chinese porcelain fragments buried deep beside the Nile are not only a microcosm of the prosperity of the ancient maritime Silk Road but also a thousand-year testament to China-Egypt friendly exchanges.
Return to TopBy: 中国工程院党组书记、院长 张玉卓
On July 8, 2026, at the National Science and Technology Awards Conference, the Joint Conference of Academicians of the Two Academies, and the Eleventh National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, as the highest academic institutions in China's scientific and technological community and engineering and technological community, must shoulder the duties and missions of national strategic scientific and technological forces and scientific and technological think tanks, unite the national scientific and technological community to grasp the direction of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, and bravely scale the world's scientific peaks. The Chinese Academy of Engineering has deeply studied and implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech, consciously shouldered the duties and missions of national strategic scientific and technological forces, led the vast number of academicians to cherish honors, forge ahead with diligence and deep cultivation, and effectively transform the results of learning into practical achievements in serving the construction of a scientific and technological power.
The Important Significance of Fully Exerting the Role of National Strategic Scientific and Technological Forces
National strategic scientific and technological forces are institutionalized, systematized advantageous scientific and technological forces dynamically organized around national strategic tasks, and are the organized manifestation of national will in the field of science and technology. Fully exerting the role of national strategic scientific and technological forces is an inevitable requirement for grasping strategic opportunities, responding to risks and challenges, and winning the initiative in development.
National strategic scientific and technological forces are the "vanguard" in seizing the world's scientific and technological frontiers. Currently, the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is profoundly reshaping the global development landscape, scientific and technological innovation has entered a period of intensive and active activity, and has shifted from isolated breakthroughs in single disciplines to cross-fertilization and coupled evolution among multiple technology clusters, with fields such as intelligence, life, manufacturing, energy, aerospace, ocean, and others presenting chain-type breakthrough trends. Major original breakthroughs increasingly depend on major scientific and technological infrastructure, massive data resources, and large-scale coordinated research. In particular, the accelerated development of artificial intelligence is profoundly reshaping scientific research paradigms, with frontier directions iterating at an accelerated pace and cross-fertilization features becoming increasingly prominent, urgently requiring national strategic scientific and technological forces to coordinate multidisciplinary teams through institutionalized organization, allocate multiple types of resources through systematized deployment, conform to the transformation of scientific research paradigms, and seize the world's scientific and technological frontiers
National strategic scientific and technological forces are the "main force" in achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical and arduous period for the construction of a scientific and technological power, and also a strategic leap period for promoting substantive breakthroughs in high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology. Achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology urgently requires an overall enhancement of the capability levels and system effectiveness of national strategic scientific and technological forces. Currently, in China's scientific and technological development, there still exist problems such as insufficient original innovation capability in some fields and low efficiency of scientific and technological investment, and the shortcomings in basic research and key core technologies remain evident. National strategic scientific and technological forces are the "national team" of scientific and technological innovation, shouldering the core functions of originating original innovation, tackling key core technologies, and cultivating and gathering strategic talents, and playing an important leading and supporting role in the process of achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology
National strategic scientific and technological forces are the "ballast stone" in responding to the scientific and technological game between major powers. Currently, changes unseen in a century are accelerating their evolution, high-technology fields have become the forefront and main battlefield of international competition, and the game around scientific and technological commanding heights is unprecedentedly fierce. Frontier technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum information, advanced manufacturing, life and health, and others are accelerating breakthroughs, profoundly reshaping the global innovation landscape and industrial division of labor pattern, and scientific and technological strength has become a key variable determining the rise and fall of major powers and the evolution of the international landscape. At the same time, unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, risks of scientific and technological decoupling, technological blockade, and supply chain rupture are intensifying, and the external environment facing China's scientific and technological development is becoming increasingly severe. Facing the complex situation, national strategic scientific and technological forces are able, in key fields concerning national sovereignty, security, and development interests, to concentrate advantageous forces to win battles in tackling key core technologies, break through external blockades and containment, support overall national security with scientific and technological security, and provide solid strategic guarantees for the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation
National strategic scientific and technological forces are the "pillar" in leading engineering scientific and technological innovation. Engineering science and technology is a key bridge connecting basic research and industrial transformation, and also an important driving force for promoting the progress of productive forces. Every major breakthrough in engineering science and technology profoundly transforms relations of production, promotes the transformation of social productive forces, and pushes human civilization toward new and higher stages. Engineering science and technology connects science, technology, engineering, and industry, possessing a unique bidirectional traction function: major projects use complex technological needs to pull basic research breakthroughs, use engineering difficulties to force theoretical innovation and methodological reform; engineeringization and industrialization capabilities open the channel for transforming scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces, providing solid support for the construction of a modern industrial system. National strategic scientific and technological forces gather the joint forces of various innovation entities, are the core key in leading engineering scientific and technological innovation, and also play an important bridging and linking role in the integrated development of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation
Accurately Grasping the Core Tasks of National Strategic Scientific and Technological Forces
National strategic scientific and technological forces are an important component of the national innovation system, and must be based on what the country needs, what development urgently requires, and what the future aspires to, accurately grasping their responsibility positioning and main attack directions in the construction of a scientific and technological power
Focus on major national strategic needs and achieve breakthroughs in key core technology fields. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that key core technologies are the great weapons of the country, and are of extremely important significance for promoting the high-quality development of China's economy and ensuring national security. National strategic scientific and technological forces must take the country's urgent needs and long-term development demands as an important traction for scientific and technological innovation, adhere to serving national strategy and tackling major tasks. Closely focus on strategically inevitable fields related to national security and the overall development situation, focus on weak links in the industrial chain and supply chain and bottleneck constraints in the construction of major projects, strengthen demand traction, goal orientation, and systematized deployment. Improve the mechanism for condensing major scientific and technological research tasks, proactively discover problems from major engineering needs, frontier scientific and technological changes, and industrial chain and supply chain security, condense tasks, dynamically identify and judge key links and potential risks. Promote all-chain breakthroughs in tackling key core technologies in key fields such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, biological manufacturing, and others to achieve decisive breakthroughs, continuously forming a batch of autonomous, controllable key technologies and major achievements with strategic competitiveness
Strengthen basic research and frontier technology deployment, providing source water and living water for long-term development. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that basic research is the source of the entire scientific system and the general organ of all technological problems. National strategic scientific and technological forces must grasp the trends of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, strengthen strategic, forward-looking, systematized deployment of basic research, carry out long-term stable research around major scientific problems and basic problems in engineering science and technology, strive to propose original theories, discover new laws, master underlying technological principles, and continuously enhance original innovation capability. Strengthen forward-looking judgment and active shaping capability for frontier technology directions, properly handle the relationship between goal orientation and free exploration, leave space for non-consensus innovation, disruptive innovation, and free exploration. Strengthen technological forecasting and foresight, scientifically judge frontier directions that may trigger major transformations, moderately advance-deploy a batch of strategic, pioneering research tasks, strive to form more original, disruptive achievements, and accumulate new scientific and technological momentum for future development
Promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, cultivate and strengthen new quality productive forces. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that China possesses the institutional advantages of the socialist market economy, the demand advantages of a super-large-scale market, the supply advantages of a complete industrial system supporting system, and the talent advantages of a large number of high-quality laborers and entrepreneurs. Enterprises are important entities in the integrated development of scientific and technological innovationand industrial innovation, and it is necessary to further support science-and-technology-leading enterprises to deeply participate in scientific and technological innovation decision-making, undertake major scientific and technological tasks, build high-level innovation platforms, play the roles of proposers of original technology needs, organizers of innovation, technology suppliers, and market applicators, strengthen the integration and integrated allocation of innovation resources, promote the deep integration of the innovation chain and industrial chain. Facing the development of emerging industries and future industries, accelerate the formation of high-quality scientific and technological supply, give play to the advantages of enterprises being close to the market, familiar with industries, and rich in application scenarios, accelerate the iteration and application of new technologies and new products. Promote frontier technologies to empower traditional industries, accelerate the transformation toward high-end, intelligent, green, better transform scientific and technological advantages into industrial advantages and development advantages
Strengthen the construction of high-level scientific and technological talent teams, support the construction of a scientific and technological power with the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that scientific and technological innovation depends on talent, talent cultivation depends on education, and education, science and technology, and talent are internally consistent and mutually supportive. Talent is the most active and most critical factor in scientific and technological innovation. National strategic scientific and technological forces have gathered a large number of strategic scientists, leading scientific and technological talents, and high-level innovation teams, and should discover talents, cultivate talents, achieve talents in the process of tackling major tasks and major engineering practices, forming a national strategic talent force with reasonable structure, continuous and powerful succession. Optimize the internal talent development environment of national strategic scientific and technological forces, integrally promote educational development, scientific and technological innovation, talent cultivation, give play to the foundational, pioneering role of education, as well as the traction role of scientific and technological innovationand the supporting role of talent, promote education, science and technology, and talent to each show their respective strengths, forming joint forces. Improve the talent cultivation mechanism driven by scientific and technological developmentand national strategic needs, optimize the collaborative education mechanism integrating science and education, provide a continuous stream of talent support for the construction of a scientific and technological power
With Greater Effort to Gather and Enhance the Collaborative Research Capability of National Strategic Scientific and Technological Forces
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the key is to optimize the functional positioning and layout of national strategic scientific and technological forces, promote task coordination, resource sharing, advantage complementarity, enabling them to better shoulder national strategic missions and produce more major strategic achievements. It is necessary to better coordinate the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, strengthen collaborative cooperation, systematic exertion, comprehensively support China's achievement of high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology
Strengthen cross-field, cross-disciplinary collaboration, achieve new progress in advancing the implementation of major scientific and technological tasks. Currently, the systemic and integrated nature of scientific and technological innovation is becoming increasingly prominent, and key core technology research presents typical characteristics such as long technology chains, strong cross-disciplinary intersection, large research and development investment. Strengthening cross-field, cross-disciplinary collaboration is an inherent requirement of organized scientific research, and also a breakthrough point for promoting the tackling of major scientific and technological tasks. It is necessary to further strengthen top-level design and overall planning, establish cross-departmental scientific and technological strategic research and judgmentand system planning mechanisms, deeply carry out monitoring of scientific and technological development trends, trend research and judgment, form full-chain deployment, systematized layout. Focus on major national strategic needs, coordinate the layout of key common technology research, clarify the major scientific and technological tasks undertaken by various entities of national strategic scientific and technological forces, strengthen collaborative cooperation with other scientific and technological forces, build large scientific teams spanning disciplines, organizations, levels, and fields. Oriented by the tackling of major scientific and technological tasks, establish a new type of operating mechanism with goal orientation, performance management, collaborative research, open sharing, enhance the collaborative research capability of national strategic scientific and technological forces
Strengthen the integration, connection, and application of industry, academia, research, and application, demonstrate new effectiveness in accelerating the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements. The value of scientific and technological innovation ultimately must be reflected in the leadership and support for the modern industrial system. Only through transformation and application can scientific and technological achievements become real productive forces. The deep integration of industry, academia, research, and application is an important path to unblock the bottlenecks from basic research, applied research to technological development, engineeringization, and industrialization. It is necessary to further optimize the functional positioning and main missions of national strategic scientific and technological forces, strengthen the role of national laboratories as the "general platform, general chain leader," better give play to the institutionalized organizational advantages of national research institutions and their role as the birthplace of original innovation, highlight the role of high-level research universities as the main force of basic research and the main battlefield of talent cultivation, strengthen the role of science-and-technology-leading enterprises in technology integration and industrial transformation. Support and guide advantageous entities to take the lead in building innovation consortia, organize forces upstream and downstream of the industrial chain and innovation chain to carry out collaborative research, form a virtuous cycle of "scientific and technological innovation—achievement transformation—industrial upgrading—scientific and technological re-innovation." Fully give play to the technological advantages of national strategic scientific and technological forces and China's super-large-scale market advantages, strengthen the construction of the national intellectual property public service system and technology transfer system, accelerate the layout of concept verification centers and pilot-scale testing platforms, promote the efficient transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, empower high-quality development of industry and economy
Strengthen international scientific and technological exchange and cooperation, expand new space in deeply integrating into the global innovation network. China firmly implements an open, inclusive, mutually beneficial, and shared international scientific and technological cooperation strategy, strives to create a new pattern of all-round, multi-level, wide-field international scientific and technological exchangeand cooperation. It is necessary to adhere to the parallel implementation of self-reliance and opennessand cooperation, under the premise of safety and controllability, support and guide national strategic scientific and technological forces to fully utilize global scientific and technological innovation resources, deeply carry out international scientific and technological exchangeand cooperation. Relying on international scientific and technological cooperation mechanisms such as the Belt and Road Initiative scientific and technological innovation cooperation alliance, build multi-level, cross-field international scientific and technological exchange platforms. Give play to the institutionalized advantages of national strategic scientific and technological forces, further play a leading role in international big science plans and big science projects, better integrate into the global innovation network, consolidate and expand a global win-win partnership with clear levels, prominent priorities, and broad coverage. Accelerate the promotion of China's initiation and establishment of international scientific and technological organizations, support Chinese scientists to hold positions in international organizations, deeply participate in international scientific and technological governance, seize the initiative in international scientific and technological innovation, effectively enhance China's leading force in the global scientific and technological field, assist China in accelerating the construction of a world scientific and technological power
Strengthen the reform of management systems and mechanisms, achieve new breakthroughs in enhancing the overall effectiveness of the innovation system. Achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology requires comprehensively deepening scientific and technological system reform as an important guarantee, focus on building a scientific and technological management system compatible with national strategic scientific and technological forces, enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. Strengthen the optimal allocation of innovation resources, improve the classified funding and support models for national strategic scientific and technological forces, improve the diversified investment mechanism with government guidance, market leadership, achieve the unity of increased investment scale and enhanced effectiveness. Build an assessment system for national strategic scientific and technological forces based on mission positioning, take undertaking and completing major national tasks, contributing major achievements, and others as main indicators, regularly carry out differentiated assessment and evaluation, ensure national strategic scientific and technological forces play their due role. Calibrate the orientation of scientific and technological evaluation, adhere to emphasizing quality, emphasizing innovation, emphasizing actual results, emphasizing contribution, promote scientific research to return to the essence of innovation, stimulate the endogenous motivation of various innovation entities. Strengthen scientific and technological ethicsand safety governance, adhere to the unity of scientific and technological innovationand risk prevention, promote science and technology to move upward and toward goodness, promote scientific and technological achievements to benefit the people
Strengthen the combination of education and punishment, demonstrate new actions in effectively strengthening the construction of academic atmosphereand work style. A good academic atmosphereand work style is a concrete manifestation of carrying forward the spirit of scientistsand strengthening the construction of scientific research integrity. National strategic scientific and technological forces must take the lead and set an example in strengthening the construction of academic atmosphereand work style. Around vigorously carrying forward the spirit of scientists, carry out publicityandeducation through multiple channels, multiple forms, all-round, create a social environment respecting science, advocating innovation, and an innovation atmosphere of patriotic dedication, seeking truth from facts. Strengthen the construction of the scientific research integrity system, accelerate the realization of national integration, scientific research integrity recordsand evaluations throughout the entire cycle of scientific research activities, comprehensively cover scientific researchers, teams, legal entities, and third-party institutions, form a cross-departmental, cross-level, cross-field governance closed loop. Seriously carry out rectification of work styleand discipline, establish and improve accountabilityand investigation mechanisms for scientific research dishonestyand academic misconductand other behaviors, increase the intensity of punishment for scientific research dishonesty problems, implement zero-tolerance handling for various types of academic misconduct, cultivate a clean and honest innovation ecosystem
The Chinese Academy of Engineering will firmly grasp the historical opportunity of the construction of a scientific and technological power, deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the Two Establishments (两个确立), strengthen the Four Consciousnesses (四个意识), firm the Four Confidences (四个自信), achieve the Two Upholds (两个维护), always maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thought, politics, and action, fully exert the role of national strategic scientific and technological forces. Facing major national strategic needs fields, strengthen the construction of the academician team, adhere to supporting the Party and the state's scientific decision-making with scientific consultation, deepen scientific and technological cooperation to serve the high-quality development of national and regional economies and societies, weave a dense global engineering science and technology collaborative network, strengthen the leading role of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in engineering scientific and technological innovation, contribute stronger engineering scientific and technological forces to Chinese modernization.
Return to Top(Study Times report) On September 10, the Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance) held its 2026 Teachers' Day commendation and celebration conference in the auditorium of the North Campus. Xie Chuntao, Executive Vice President (Executive Vice Dean) in charge of day-to-day work, attended and delivered a speech. The conference was presided over by Vice President (Vice Dean) Gong Weibin; Vice President (Vice Dean) Li Wentang read out the commendation decision; Vice President (Vice Dean) Zhang Zhongjun, member of the School (Academy) Affairs Committee and Director of the Academic Affairs Department Feng Pengzhi, and Zheng Liangjun, Deputy Head of the Discipline Inspection and Supervision Group stationed at the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee by the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Supervisory Commission, attended the conference.
The conference solemnly commended the advanced collectives and advanced individuals who made outstanding contributions in teaching and think-tank innovation work in 2025, including 34 Teaching Innovation Achievement Awards, 57 Scientific Research Innovation Achievement Awards, 19 Graduate Education Innovation Achievement Awards, and 25 Management Service Innovation Achievement Awards; it commended 8 individuals for a third-class merit citation, 13 individuals for a merit citation, and 209 individuals for commendation. Certificates were presented to 1 collective and 2 individuals who won the 2026 National May Day Labor Certificate of Merit and the Central Party-and-State Organs May Day Labor Medal, and to 2 collectives and 2 individuals who won the Central Party-and-State Organs "Two Excellences, One Advanced" title; commendations were given to 12 advanced primary-level Party organizations, 38 outstanding Party affairs workers, and 69 outstanding Communist Party members who won the School (Academy)'s "Two Excellences, One Advanced" title.
In his speech, Xie Chuntao, on behalf of President (Dean) Cai Qi and the School (Academy) Affairs Committee, extended festival greetings and cordial regards to all active and retired faculty and staff of the School (Academy), and extended warm congratulations to the commended advanced collectives and advanced individuals.
Xie Chuntao pointed out that over the past year, the School (Academy) has adhered to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on Party school work, as its fundamental guideline, deeply studied and implemented the spirit of the National Conference on Party School (Academy of Governance) Work and the spirit of the National Conference of Presidents (Deans) of Party Schools (Academies of Governance,, fully implemented the "Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Party School (Academy of Governance) Work," continuously made new progress in teaching, scientific research, study and education, team building, open schooling, strengthening professional guidance to local Party schools, service management, and other aspects, powerfully practiced the original aspiration of the Party school through practical work and tangible results, and contributed Party school strength to strengthening theoretical armed with the Party's innovative theories and promoting the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences.
Xie Chuntao emphasized that these achievements were obtained under the strong leadership and cordial care of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and they are also inseparable from the united struggle of all faculty and staff. It is necessary to cherish honors, avoiding arrogance and impetuosity (戒骄戒躁, jie jiao jie zao - "guard against, restrain, avoid, impatient"), taking advantage of a trend to make progress (乘势而上, cheng shi er shang - "ride, momentum, and, ascend"), and continue striving, deeply study and implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, and promote the high-quality development of the School (Academy)'s undertakings with higher standards and more concrete measures. First, it is necessary to unswervingly temper Party spirit, embody the Party's nature in all aspects of running the school and governing it, manifest serving the Party, carry forward the fine style of seeking truth from facts, consolidate and expand the achievements of the study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, and continuously enhance the inner consciousness of firmly supporting the Two Establishments (两个确立) and resolutely achieving the Two Upholds (两个维护). Second, it is necessary to make resolute progress and take on responsibility with initiative, adhere to establishing the school on quality, continuously make efforts in following up and studying General Secretary Xi Jinping's important works, strengthen problem awareness, solidly train internal skills, actively take initiative around major tasks, and promote quality improvement and efficiency enhancement in teaching, scientific research, and other work. Third, it is necessary to persevere with constancy and strictly discipline oneself, conscientiously implement the basic policy of strictly governing the school, achieve maintaining a sense of awe and respect, restraint in words, and restraint in conduct, vigorously create an atmosphere of learning, simplicity, and clarity.
Wang Yongming, Cui Lin, Jiao Yuli, and Zhai Yueying spoke as representatives of award winners, exchanging their understandings and reflections on engaging in teaching, scientific research, and management service work. Ban Feng spoke as a representative of trainees.
All faculty and staff of the School (Academy), including approximately 1,200 representatives of contract personnel, attended the celebration and commendation conference.
Return to TopIn recent years, the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Party School (Institute of Administration) has adhered to the original aspiration of a party school, namely "cultivating talents for the Party and offering counsel for the Party," has persistently promoted the focusing of disciplines, the focusing of themes, the focusing of outcomes, the focusing of resources, and the focusing of services, has advanced organized scientific research in depth, has concentrated efforts on achieving intension-based development, and has striven to open up a new prospect in Party school scientific research work in the new era.
Promote discipline focusing and build the supporting framework for scientific research development. Clearly define 5 key disciplines and 15 focused fields, with key emphasis on building Marxist theory, the history and party-building studies of the CPC, public administration, applied economics, political science, and law, all led by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, focusing on major topics such as the modern people's city, the construction of the "five centers," the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, whole-process people's democracy, grassroots Party building in megacities, and the great founding spirit of the Party, and strengthening the summarization of experience and theoretical interpretation of the practice of deepening reform comprehensively. Adhere to dynamically optimizing and adjusting focused fields, main research directions, and research teams, continuously accumulating momentum and adding strength for discipline construction. Around the focused fields, form research teams spanning teaching and research departments, promote the transformation of scientific research forces from fighting alone without coordination (单兵作战, dan bing zuo zhan - "single soldier, fight") to "coordinated tackling of key problems," promote the deep integration of teaching, scientific research, decision-making consultation, publicity, and faculty training, and form a discipline development ecosystem with clear directions, strong support, and distinctive characteristics.
Promote theme focusing and grasp the main research direction of scientific research work. Focus on strengthening the systematic and theoretical research and interpretation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, refining iconic concepts, principled achievements, and original contributions. Adhere to aligning theoretical armament with practical needs, closely centering on the central work of the Party and the state, the major decisions and deployments of the municipal Party committee and municipal government, and hot and difficult issues in society to systematically plan research topics, deeply summarize the basic experience and academic theoretical connotations of Shanghai's practice of Chinese modernization, systematically condense new concepts, new categories, and new paradigms for the construction of a modern people's city, strive to produce high-level research outcomes with ideological content, theoretical depth, and practical value, and endeavor to demonstrate the role of the Party school in building an independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences.
Promote outcome focusing and establish a clear orientation toward quality scientific research. Anchor onto the goals of serving teaching quality improvement, serving discipline construction, and serving scientific decision-making, guide scientific research output to improve quality and increase efficiency. Vigorously advocate the scholarly philosophy that "every teacher should have one quality course and one representative work," adjust rules and regulations such as the reward and quantitative scoring measures for scientific research and decision-making consultation outcomes, the funding management measures for academic monograph publication, etc., launch cultivation projects for quality academic book series and high-level academic papers, guide teaching and research personnel to deeply cultivate long-term research and specialize in distinctive research, strive to create works of substance that stand firm, ring true, and carry weight. In the new stage of development, teaching and research personnel continue to publish outcomes in authoritative journals such as Qiushi, Marxist Studies, Studies on CPC History, Political Science Studies, etc., and their academic influence has been steadily rising.
Promote resource focusing and consolidate the supporting foundation for scientific research innovation. Implement the Marxist theory innovation project and the scientific research quality construction project, relying on platforms and carriers such as the Shanghai Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, taking key disciplines, major projects, and important tasks as the traction, coordinate efforts to increase the intensity of investment in human, financial, and material resources and optimize the efficiency of resource allocation. In terms of funding guarantees, promote the tilting of scientific research funds toward national-level topics, topics that are completed on schedule and rated excellent or good, quality academic book series, high-level academic papers, high-level academic conferences, etc., helping high-end topics transform into high-quality outcomes. In terms of funding management, implement the "negative list + reference list" dual-list management model for scientific research funds, clarify the boundaries of fund use, optimize fund reimbursement guidelines, and fully grant teaching and research personnel greater autonomy in the use of funds.
Promote service focusing and build a coordinated operation mechanism for teaching, research, and consultation. Advance whole-chain, refined, and multi-level services. On the one hand, strengthen the service supply of management departments, centering on topics such as topic application, topic research, project completion and acceptance, topic selection planning, outcome polishing, outcome promotion, etc., regularly hold various experience exchange meetings and academic seminars, promote the deep integration of academic discussion and topic research, and simultaneously, promote the organic connection between academic discussion and teacher growth. On the other hand, enhance the service effectiveness of teaching and research departments and innovation teams, explore the mechanism of "teaching, research, and consultation activity days," regularly organize activities such as collective lesson preparation, application for high-end topics, writing of authoritative papers and quality book manuscripts, academic exchanges, social research, etc., promote teaching, scientific research, decision-making consultation, etc. to support each other, empower each other, and advance in coordination.
Through continuously promoting the "five focuses," the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Party School (Institute of Administration) has continuously improved its organized scientific research system and intension-based development mechanism, continuously opened up the transformation channels among theoretical research, classroom teaching, and decision-making consultation, effectively cultivated a high-quality scientific research talent team, better empowered the Party's cadre education cause and high-quality development of the economy and society.
(Li Meng, Song Wei)
Return to Top(Study Times report) Recently, Liang Yanshun, Secretary of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee, emphasized during an inspection at the Party School of the Jieshou Municipal Party Committee that it is necessary to thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building and Xi Jinping's important expositions on Party school work, conscientiously implement the spirit of the National Conference of Presidents (Principals) of Party Schools (Academies of Administration), uphold the principle that Party schools are run by the Party, bear in mind the original aspiration of Party schools, and continuously raise the level of school-running and governance of Party schools.
Liang Yanshun went deep into dormitories, the auditorium, classrooms,and other venues to understand the school's development history,teaching and research,and other situations.He said that Party schools are the main front for education and training of Party members and cadres,and that it is necessary to uphold quality in running schools,constantly enrich teaching content and forms,serve with heart and with feeling,and create a good environment for teachers to devote themselves wholehearted to academic studies (潜心治学, qian xin zhi xue - "submerged, heart, govern, study") and for students to study with full concentration (专心研学, zhuan xin yan xue - "concentrated, heart, research, study").Subsequently,Liang Yanshun came to the book reading room,inquired about the number of books and borrowing conditions,and urged that reading materials be carefully configured to guide students to calm their minds and read original works,study original texts,and comprehend underlying principles,ensuring that there be a great difference before and after study.
Liang Yanshun emphasized that the cause of Party schools occupies an important position in the cause of the Party and the state. Party schools at all levels across the province must firmly grasp the correct political direction, make explaining fully and accurately, deeply and thoroughly, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era the top priority, and in particular take the lead and walk at the forefront in studying deeply and comprehending thoroughly, researching, publicizing, explaining,and applying what one has learned regarding Xi Jinping's thought on Party building. It is necessary to closely focus on cultivating talents for the Party to improve teaching standards, do well in education on the Party's innovative theories and Party spirit education, carry out competence training for performing duties in light of post requirements, center on implementing the mission tasks that General Secretary Xi Jinping has entrusted to Anhui of achieving new breakthroughs in the "Three Places, One Zone" and achieving "Three New, Greater Progress," offer distinctive courses and case-based courses, promote Party members and cadres—especially leading cadres newly promoted after leadership transitions—to firmly establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, improve political quality,and enhance ability and competence. It is necessary to closely focus on offering counsel for the Party to improve theoretical research and decision-making consulting capabilities, focus on deepening research and interpretation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, respond to urgent practical needs to carry out countermeasure research, focus on key tasks such as promoting high-quality development, safeguarding and improving people's livelihoods, coordinating development and security, and form more valuable and weighty achievements. Party committees at all levels must conscientiously implement their primary responsibility, fulfill their duties and responsibilities in grasping direction, overall coordination, building strong leadership teams,and advancing work. Party schools at all levels must strengthen their own construction, do well in building leadership teams, leading the ranks,and managing students, strictly implement the responsibility system for ideological work, strictly advance the construction of work style and discipline,and promote the comprehensive progress of the cause of Party schools.
Return to Top(Study Times report) Recently, the National Postdoctoral Management Committee Office announced the 2026 list of newly established postdoctoral research workstations. The Party School of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the CPC (Zhejiang Institute of Administration) postdoctoral research workstation was formally filed and recorded as a national-level postdoctoral research workstation, marking that the Party School of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the CPC (Zhejiang Institute of Administration) now possesses its first national-level platform for scientific research innovation and talent cultivation, and that the construction of carriers for cultivating high-caliber talent has achieved a major leap forward.
Since being approved in August 2023 to establish the Zhejiang Provincial Postdoctoral Workstation, the Party School of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the CPC (Zhejiang Institute of Administration), relying on the postdoctoral mobile station of Renmin University of China, has recruited 17 postdoctoral researchers from prestigious universities such as Peking University, Fudan University, and Zhejiang University, has been awarded multiple National Social Science Fund youth projects, has published 26 papers in CSSCI source journals, and multiple policy advisory reports have received endorsements from provincial-and ministerial-level leaders. Four people have already successfully completed their postdoctoral terms and taken up positions at prestigious institutions such as Renmin University of China and Zhejiang University.
In recent years, the Party School of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the CPC (Zhejiang Institute of Administration) has deeply implemented the strategy of strengthening the school through talent, has placed emphasis on giving play to the role of the postdoctoral workstation as a talent "reservoir," has improved and perfected the whole-chain talent cultivation mechanism of "attracting, cultivating, managing, employing, and rewarding," and has gradually built up a "one body, two wings" pattern of talent development in which newly recruited full-time faculty form the main body and postdoctoral researchers and rehired senior experts form the two wings, so that the full and vigorous expression of vitality (充分迸发, chong fen beng fa - "fully, burst forth") of the talent team has been fully realized, injecting powerful momentum into the high-quality development of the school (institute).
The approval of this national-level postdoctoral research workstation this time is both an acknowledgment of the comprehensive scientific research strength and talent cultivation achievements of the Party School of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the CPC (Zhejiang Institute of Administration) and also provides important platform support for subsequently gathering high-caliber talent and deepening scientific research innovation. In the next step, the Party School of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the CPC (Zhejiang Institute of Administration) will continue to practice the original aspiration of the Party school of "cultivating talent for the Party and offering counsel for the Party," will improve the series of postdoctoral management systems, and will give full play to the important role of the national-level postdoctoral research workstation in enhancing the school's (institute's) scientific research and innovation capacity, strengthening the faculty talent team, and deeply implementing the strategy of strengthening the school through talent, thereby providing solid talent support for accelerating the construction of a high-level, modernized red academy and exemplary Party school (institute of administration).
Return to Top(Study Times report) On September 1, the Party School (School of Administration) of the Party Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region held its opening ceremony for the 2026 autumn semester. Wang Junzheng, Secretary of the Party Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Principal (Dean) of the Party School (School of Administration) of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region, attended and delivered a speech. He emphasized that it is necessary to firmly and resolutely implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on work in Tibet and the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the new era, firmly establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, strive to promote lasting peace and order and high-quality development, and make greater contributions to the construction of a new socialist modernized Tibet.
Before the meeting began, all present stood up and observed a moment of silence for those who lost their lives in the mudslide disaster in Gyirong County.
Wang Junzheng pointed out in his speech that currently Tibet, together with the rest of the country, has stepped onto a new journey of consolidating the foundation for basically realizing socialist modernization and launching a full-scale effort. As long as we adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guide, conscientiously implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on work in Tibet, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the new era, and firmly transform General Secretary Xi Jinping's care and concern into the strength of gratitude and endeavor, we will certainly be able to overcome all kinds of difficulties and risks and continuously march from victory to new victories.
Wang Junzheng pointed out that studying and implementing Xi Jinping's thought on Party building is an important political task for the current period and the period ahead. It is necessary to make persistent and continuous effort (持之以恒, chi zhi yi heng - "hold, continue, with, constant") to study Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, deeply comprehend its scientific connotation and theoretical character, deeply understand the great significance, essential essence, and core essentials of the Fourteen Commitments (十四个坚持), strive to master the scientific worldview, methodology, and the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method running through it, and truly achieve understanding both the facts and the underlying principles (知其然又知其所以然, zhi qi ran you zhi qi suo yi ran - "know its phenomenon, also, know its reason why"). It is necessary to embody the results of study in the actual actions of fulfilling the political responsibility of governing the Party, and implement the Party Central Committee's decisions and arrangements on full and rigorous self-governance of the Party with higher standards and more concrete measures. Leading cadres must take the lead in achieving loyalty, integrity, and responsibility, be loyal to the Party, loyal to the country, loyal to the people, always be clear-headed persons politically; temper Party spirit cultivation, always achieve being honest, upright, and incorruptible (清正廉洁, qing zheng lian jie - "clear, upright, honest, clean"); fulfill the duties and responsibilities of one's specific office (在其位谋其政, zai qi wei mou qi zheng - "at its position, seek its politics"), promote all work with the spirit of driving nails, and strive to become high-quality cadres satisfactory to the Party and the people.
Wang Junzheng pointed out that carrying out study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements among the whole Party is an important task of Party building this year. Since the launch of the study and education, the broad masses of Party members and cadres throughout the region have generally received profound ideological tempering and Party spirit cultivation, their ideological consciousness and action consciousness in establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements have markedly increased, and a clean and healthy atmosphere (风清气正, feng qing qi zheng - "wind, clear, air, upright") and a stronger atmosphere of full vigor and dedication have become more pronounced. It is necessary to normalize the study and education, purposefully fill gaps and establish sound rules and regulations, guide Party members and cadres to further temper strong Party spirit; select cadres by ability, judge heroes by actual achievements, use the correct "baton" to guide and promote Party members and cadres to take responsibility, fulfill duties, and perform their responsibilities; pay attention to coordinating the present and the long term, carry the establishment and practice of a correct view of political achievements through the entire process of lasting peace and order and high-quality development, truly achieve making political achievements for the people, making political achievements through practical work.
Wang Junzheng emphasized that the Party School is a "great furnace" for tempering Party spirit, refining original aspirations, and forging loyalty. The trainees must uphold the style of study of integrating theory with practice, grasp theoretical study well, enhance theoretical arming; carry forward the spirit of self-revolution, continuously temper excellent political character, temper the spirit of struggle, cultivate deep feelings for the people, forever maintain the political nature of Communists; strictly abide by all disciplines and regulations, display the good image of Party members and cadres. The Party School must further improve cadre education and training, centering on promoting the implementation of the "Four Major Tasks," further enhance the capability of scientific research, consultation, and advice, focus on theoretical research and decision-making consultation, better provide intellectual support for the scientific decision-making of Party committees and governments; adhere to strict school governance, cultivate a fine school spirit, create good conditions for trainees to study.
Nearly 400 people attended the opening ceremony, including trainees from six main training classes such as the Second Session of the Prefecture-and-Department-Level Cadre Advanced Study Class and the 39th Session of the County-and-Division-Level Young and Middle-Aged Cadre Training Class, heads of six departments including the Autonomous Region Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision, the General Office, the Organization Department, the Publicity Department, the Policy Research Office, and the Discipline Inspection Group Stationed in the Department, as well as members of the school (academy) Party Committee leadership team and representatives of faculty and staff.
Return to Top(Study Times report) On September 1, the Party School (School of Administration) of the Party Committee of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region held its opening ceremony for the 2026 autumn semester. Wang Xinfu, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, head of its Organization Department, president of the Party School (School of Administration) of the Party Committee of the Autonomous Region, and president of the Baise Cadre Academy of Guangxi, attended and delivered a speech.
Wang Xinfu pointed out that this year marks the year of leadership transitions at five levels, and that the tenure of the new leading bodies is highly aligned with the 15th Five-Year Plan, shouldering the heavy responsibility of achieving the goals and tasks of the 15th Five-Year Plan. It is necessary to thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building and the important instructions of Xi Jinping on Guangxi's work, establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, accurately grasp the dialectical relationships between Party spirit and individuality, between the overall situation and the local situation, between the conceptual and the practical, between the routine and the exceptional, between latent achievements and visible achievements, and between baseline requirements and higher standards, always cultivate and correct individuality through Party spirit, consciously "stand on the Tiananmen Rostrum" to contemplate Guangxi's work, transform the "how to view" planning ideas into "how to do" concrete measures, be discernible in ordinary times and be able to charge forward when facing major trials, with the realm and responsibility of a selfless attitude of prioritizing collective success over personal credit (功成不必在我、功成必定有我, gong cheng bu bi zai wo, gong cheng ding bi you wo - "achievement, complete, not, must, be, at, me; achievement, complete, certainly, must, have, me"), climb toward higher standards of achievement while strictly observing disciplinary baselines, strive to become pioneers and doers adept at leading the charge, and endeavor with all effort to write the Guangxi chapter of Chinese modernization.
The Baise Cadre Academy of Guangxi and the Party Schools of municipal Party committees in various cities participated in the opening ceremony simultaneously via video conference.
Return to TopBy: 杨代刚
Since the launch of the study and education campaign to establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, the Party School of the Dalian Municipal Party Committee has closely followed the city's campaign deployment, and under the guidance of the Municipal Party Committee's campaign work special class,has developed a special high-quality course on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements,and explored the construction of a full-chain mechanism of "precise topic selection, deep refinement, and integration of learning with application,"promoting education on a correct view of political achievements to enter the mind and heart,and to show results in practice.
First,adhere to political leadership,and calibrate the direction in precise topic selection。Adhere to "educators must first be educated,"connecting theory with practice (理论联系实际, lǐ lùn lián xì shí jì - "theory, connect, practical, reality"),ensuring that course development stands at a high position and lands in practical reality from the very start。
Focus on core essentials,and build a solid theoretical foundation。The teacher team studied in full the original texts of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements,and determined a series of topics。Through collective lesson preparation,expert guidance,and invitations to domestic experts in relevant fields for special guidance,they conducted in-depth study and reflection from multiple dimensions such as theoretical origins,historical evolution,and the demands of the times,ensuring that course content does not deviate and theoretical interpretation does not become distorted。
Based on the city's strategic positioning,and deeply cultivate the fertile soil of practice。To make the course grounded in reality and sharp in edge,they formed a joint research group with relevant departments of the Municipal Party Committee Organization Department,and went deep into the front line of Dalian's "Two Pioneering Zones" construction to conduct needs research。Focusing on specific scenarios such as industrial transformation,optimizing the business environment,and preventing and defusing risks,they enabled abstract theory to find its "anchor point" in vivid local practice。
Respond to cadre needs,and resolve ideological confusion。Through questionnaire surveys and trainee symposiums,they precisely portrayed the vague understandings of grassroots cadres regarding views of political achievements。Aiming at real questions such as how to dialectically view "visible achievements" and"latent achievements,"and how to understand "using the assessment baton well,"they established a content framework of "theoretical explanation + case analysis + Party spirit analysis,"striving for one lesson,one strategy,aiming directly at a specific target (有的放矢, yǒu de fàng shǐ - "have, target, shoot, arrow")。
Second,highlight tempering in the furnace,and improve quality in deep "refinement"。Treating "refinement" as a key link in the full-chain mechanism,they integrated multiple forces,and through ideological collision,logical reconstruction,and meticulous polishing of details,let the high-quality courseweed out the dross to retain the essence (去粗取精, qù cū qǔ jīng - "remove, coarse, take, essence")and proceed from the surface to the core through repeated forging。
Collective tackling of key problems pools strength。Changing the previous lesson preparation method of teachersworking in isolation without cooperation (单打独斗, dān dǎ dú dòu - "single, strike, alone, fight"),school leaders took the lead in forming interdisciplinary course project teams,pooling the strength of key teachers for joint tackling of key problems。The project teams leveraged the coordinating mechanism of the city-wide Party school system,established a closed-loop process of "lesson presentation,lesson evaluation,and lesson revision,"led county-level Party school teachers in deep participation,and through multiple rounds of trial lectures and collaborative "refinement,"pooled efforts to create high-quality courses。Focusing on key links such as the logical framework of the course,the citation of cases,and language expression,team members directly addressed pain points,and engaged in candid confrontation,achieving improvement amid the academic contention of "flushing red faces and sweating"。
Multi-party quality control,constantly striving for even greater perfection。Adhering to open-door "refinement"and layer-by-layer quality control,they invited relevant experts from the Party School of the CPC Central Committee(National Academy of Governance)to provide guidance on the course framework,ensuring that theoretical explanation has height and depth;a course review group composed of school leaders,supervisors,and others conducted collective quality control,reviewing the academic standards,logical framework,and political expressions of the lecture script sentence by sentence,building a solid quality "firewall";the Municipal Party Committee's campaign work special class intervened multiple times for guidance,particularly offering meticulous advice on teaching methods,and strictly controlling the selection of cases。Through the "refinement" chain of "expert guidance,collective quality control,and special class review,"course quality has continuously improved through repeated tempering。
Party spirit analysis is deep and profound。Deviations in views of political achievements have their roots in impure Party spirit。The high-quality course is by no means superficial moralizing on the surface,but should guide trainees to dig deep into the depths of the soul。The course deeply integrates Party spirit analysis segments,selects typical cases from both positive and negative aspects,and uses sharp contrasts to guide trainees in calibrating their coordinates amid shock and reflection。
Speech style and writing style are strictly required。The Party school classroom must strictly abide by rigor and standardization。In the "refinement" process,the lecture script underwent multiple rounds of cross-reading and review,colloquial and arbitrary expressions were strictly eliminated,ensuring that language is concise,refined,and goes straight to the essence。Adhering to moving people with the power of truth,they strove to create a serious,profound,and vivid classroom atmosphere,striving to speak comprehensively,accurately,deeply,and thoroughly,making the high-quality course both a theoretical counseling lesson anda Party spirit baptism lesson。
Third,focus on long-term and sustained effectiveness,and enhance quality and effectiveness in integrating learning with application。Adhering to breaking downthe classroom walls,they promoted the deep transformation of educational achievements into practical momentum,and achieved staged results。
Improve the quality and effectiveness of teaching and training。As of the 2026 spring semester,the high-quality course had been systematically taught in 18 main class sessions,becoming a "required course"and"regular course" of Party school training。At the same time,special counseling was provided to leading cadres at and above the department level city-wide,covering all regions,departments,and units of the city。Trainees generally reported that the course has both theoretical height and practical warmth,clarifying both "how to view it"and pointing out "how to do it"。
Reach grassroots level with full coverage。Adhering to "open-door schooling,"Party school teachers went deep into government organs,enterprises,sub-districts,and townships to conduct nearly 70 special lectures on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements,directly covering nearly 10,000 cadres and the masses,effectively amplifying the radiating effect of the high-quality course。
Integrating learning with application enhances practical results。Innovatively developing psychological practical training courses,they promoted the transformation of a correct view of political achievements from passive acceptance to active identification,and from external requirements to internal self-awareness。Comprehensively applying case-based,discussion-based,and experiential teaching methods,they organized trainees to go deep into the front line of major engineering projects and the forefront of grassroots governance for on-site teaching。Establishing "trainee forums"and"Party spirit analysis exchange meetings,"they let frontline cadresuse their own experience to illustrate a point (现身说法, xiàn shēn shuō fǎ - "appear, body, speak, method")andlearn from and reference each other (互学互鉴, hù xué hù jiàn - "mutual, learn, mutual, examine")。Conducting return-visit research,they continuously tracked trainees' performance after returning to their posts,urged trainees to transform classroom "heartfelt stirring" into daily "action,"guided cadres to both make visible contributions and place greater weight on latent contributions,and turn the blueprint of Dalian's "Two Pioneering Zones" construction into reality step by step。
(The author is Executive Vice President of the Party School of the Dalian Municipal Party Committee)
Return to Top(Study Times report) On September 3, the Party Construction Work Leading Group of the Party School (School of Administration) of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee held its second (expanded) meeting of 2026, summarizing the study and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements carried out by the school (academy), and deploying work to consolidate and expand the results of the study and education. Bai Hao, Vice President in Charge of Daily Operations (Vice President), Dean of the Yimeng Cadre Academy, presided over the meeting and delivered a speech.
At the meeting, participants collectively studied General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements and the spirit of the Central Party Construction Work Leading Group meeting, conveyed the requirements of the Standing Committee meeting of the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Party Committee Party Construction Work Leading Group meeting, and were briefed on the school's (academy's) summary of the study and education situation.
The meeting pointed out that since the study and education on establishing and practicinga correct view of political achievements was launched, the school (academy) has thoroughly studied and implemented Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, especially General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses on establishing and practicinga correct view of political achievements, fully implemented the Party Central Committee's decisions and deploymentsand the Provincial Party Committee's work requirements, persisted in advancing study, examination, and rectification as an integrated whole, continuously promoted the deep integration of Party building work and professional work, and the study and education achieved its intended purpose and produced notable results. It is necessary to make sustained efforts in continuously strengthening theoretical arming and advancing education on the view of political achievements, promoting the Party's innovative theory to enter teaching materials systematically and authoritatively, enter classrooms vividlyand effectively, and enter minds in a deeply affecting or unforgettable way (刻骨铭心, ke gu ming xin - "engrave, bone, remember, heart"), with emphasis placed on doing the study and education well. It is necessary to make sustained efforts in continuously deepening rectification and remediationand advancing long-term and routine mechanisms, tightening the chain of responsibility in all dimensions, and doing a good job of the "look back" on the study and education. It is necessary to make sustained efforts in continuously shapinga better school spiritand style of studyand advancing comprehensive strict governance, always adhering to the fundamental principle that a Party school bears the Party's nature, strictly observing the Party's political disciplineand political rules, vigorously promoting the style of study, the style of simplicity, and the style of clarityand integrity, and ensuring the consolidationand deepening of the results of the study and education with a good school spiritand style of study.
The meeting emphasized that it is necessary to effectively transform the results of the study and education into a powerful driving force for fulfilling dutiesand performing responsibilities, deepen reform of the teachingand research model, persist in planning aheadand proactively laying out work, highlight practical effectivenessand the pursuit of excellenceand innovation, and create more high-level results. It is necessary to builda strong important frontline position for the Party's ideological work, strengthen daily supervision, and implement management responsibilities. It is necessary to establisha firm orientation in selectingand employing personnel that values practical workand practical results, improve assessmentand evaluation, optimizeand upgrade the closed-loop management mechanism, and promote the shaping, strengthening, and cultivation of the talent team. It is necessary to continuously promote innovation in concepts, innovation in mechanisms, and innovation in measures, implement work implementation with the spirit of driving nails, continuously open up new prospects for the school's (academy's) connotative high-quality development, and contribute wisdomand strength to striving to write the Shandong chapter of Chinese modernization.
Members of the school's (academy's) leading group, principal responsible comrades of the member departments of the Party Construction Leading Groupand relevant departments attended the meeting, and relevant responsible comrades of the Yimeng Cadre Academy attended the meeting via video.
(Lu Xiaoxuan)
Return to Top(Study Times report) Recently, the Party School of the CPC Sichuan Provincial Committee (Academy of Governance) held a meeting of the school (academy) committee, conveying and studying the spirit of the National Conference of Presidents (Deans) of Party Schools (Academies of Governance), and researching measures for implementation. Executive Vice President (Vice Dean) Wang Jianjun presided over the meeting and delivered a speech.
The meeting pointed out that since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the cause of Party schools, delivered a series of important speeches and made a series of important instructions, pointing out the direction of progress and providing fundamental guidance for doing well the work of Party schools in the new era. The National Conference of Presidents (Deans) of Party Schools(Academies of Governance) was an important meeting held at a time when the whole Party was deeply studying and implementing Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building and the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. Cai Qi, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and President (Dean) of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance), delivered a speech at the National Conference of Presidents(Deans) of Party Schools(Academies of Governance), comprehensively summarizing the new progress and new achievements made in the work of Party schools(academies of governance), systematically expounding the regular understanding of doing well the work of Party schools(academies of governance) in the new era, and providing strong guidance for us to deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building, and fully implement the Party Central Committee's new requirements and new arrangements for cadre education and training.
The meeting emphasized that the whole school (academy) should further enhance its political positioning, regard studying, implementing and conveying the spirit of the National Conference of Presidents (Deans) of Party Schools ((Academies of Governance) as an important current political task, lead the school's (academy's) innovative practice of building a first-class provincial Party school that embodies Sichuan characteristics and ranks among the forefront of the country with the spirit of the conference, and continuously promote the study, implementation and conveyance of the spirit of the conference to go deeper and more practical. It is necessary to deeply study and understand Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building, adhere to studying the original texts comprehensively and systematically, and mastering knowledge through comprehensive integration (融会贯通, rong hui guan tong - "melt, combine, connect, penetrate"), organically combine it with the study and implementation of the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on the work of Party schools, organically combine it with the study and implementation of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions during his inspection tour of Sichuan and his series of important instructions on Sichuan's work, center on Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building and the establishment and practice of a correct view of political achievements to build a boutique curriculum system, deepen systematic and theoretical research and interpretation, and promote Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building to systematically enter textbooks, vividly enter classrooms, and solidly enter minds. It is necessary to practice the original aspiration of Party schools at a high level, focus on cultivating talents for the Party and offering counsel for the Party, strengthen the integrated advancement of teaching, research, and consultation, improve and perfect the basic training mechanism, deepen the construction of the "four major curriculum systems," solidly carry out Party spirit knowledge training and inner-Party political life training, properly handle the new round of training for leading cadres' ability to perform their duties, precisely align with the Party Central Committee's decision-making deployments and the key tasks of governing Sichuan and revitalizing Sichuan, carry out decision-making consultation research, deepen disciplinary construction, and effectively promote the realization of new improvements in the level of teaching, research, and consultation. It is necessary to implement the Party's leadership throughout the entire process and all aspects of running the school and governing the school, uphold the fundamental principle of Party schools being for the Party and the basic policy of strict governance of the school like a family heirloom for a long time, continuously strengthen the construction of the leadership team and the talent team, highlight the two main bodies of teachers and students to strengthen the construction of work style and discipline, strictly implement the responsibility system for ideological work, shape a good school spirit, teaching spirit, and learning spirit, coordinate and promote the coordinated development of Party schools (academies of governance) at all levels throughout the province, and strive to create a new situation in the work of Party schools(academies of governance) in the new era.
Return to Top(Study Times report) In order to deeply practice the original aspiration of the Party school of "educating talents for the Party and offering counsel for the Party," and to further promote the alignment of theoretical teaching with the actual conditions of the province, and the service of scientific research and counsel to the central work of the overall situation, recently, the Party School (School of Administration) of the Qinghai Provincial Party Committee organized all teaching and research personnel to carry out a full-coverage, in-depth provincial-conditions research activity across the province's 8 cities (prefectures) and their subordinate counties(cities, districts).
The school (academy) attached great importance to this provincial-conditions research activity, treating the research as an important practical vehicle for raising the overall level of teaching, research, and counsel, and for consolidating think-tank development. It specially issued a notice, clarifying the research objectives, time arrangements, personnel groupings, methods and approaches, and disciplinary requirements. In light of the functions of teaching and research departments, it organized 8 research groups, concentrating roughly 10 days to travel separately to each city (prefecture) to conduct research, while simultaneously inviting Party school teachers from the cities (prefectures) to participate in coordination, so as to ensure the depth and effectiveness of the research.
During the research period, each research group adhered to working hard at the grassroots level (扑下身子, pu xia shen zi - "throw down body") and conducting detailed and thorough analysis (解剖麻雀, jie pou ma que - "dissect sparrow"), comprehensively employing multiple methods such as symposium exchanges, on-site visits, and questionnaire surveys, going deep into townships and communities, industrial parks, enterprise workshops, agricultural and pastoral villages, ecological protection sites, red-education positions, and ethnic-unity education bases, communicating face-to-face with grassroots cadres, the masses, and enterprise principals, and extensively obtaining first-hand information. Closely centering on the province's "15th Five-Year Plan" outline and annual key tough-task priorities, it focused research on key areas such as industrial transformation and upgrading, ecological protection and governance, ethnic unity and progress, rural revitalization, livelihood security, grassroots Party building, and social governance, carefully sorting out local characteristic experiences and practices, pinpointing blockages and difficulties in policy implementation, collecting opinions and demands of grassroots masses and market entities, systematically excavating vivid cases of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in practice in Qinghai, and continuously updating and improving the school's (academy's) provincial-conditions database and teaching-case database.
In the next step, each teaching and research department will systematically sort out the research materials, problem lists, and opinions and suggestions, make every effort to do a good job of review and re-judgment, summarize development achievements, analyze the root causes of shortcomings, and strive to form a batch of high-quality research reports. It will promote the two-way transformation of research results, both providing pragmatic think-tank references for the scientific decision-making of the provincial Party committee and provincial government, and also enriching grassroots practical experience into thematic teaching, case teaching, and on-site teaching, making every effort to solve practical problems such as the insufficiently close integration of theoretical teaching with provincial actual conditions, the insufficient precision of counsel proposals, and the insufficient depth of understanding of provincial conditions and insufficient grounding among young and newly recruited teachers, and effectively transforming research results into practical results that push the integrated advancement of teaching, research, and counsel of the school (academy) to a new level.
(Zhao Jing)
Return to Top(Study Times report)
Recently, the Party School (School of Administration) of the Party Committee of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region held a special seminar for leading cadres at and above the division level to study and implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building. Hao Tong, Executive Vice President (Vice President) and Secretary of the Party Committee of the Organ, attended and delivered a speech. Members of the School (Academy) Committee and division-level leading cadres participated.
This seminar adopted a combination of "special guidance + self-study + seminar exchange." Hao Tong delivered the first guidance report titled "Continuously Opening Up New Realms for a Century-Old Major Party to Govern, Manage, Strengthen, and Revitalize the Party." During the seminar, organized study of Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building (Volumes I and II) was conducted; division-level leading cadres were divided into four seminar groups, closely centering on the theme, basing themselves on their actual job positions, exchanging speeches one by one, discussing understandings, sorting out ideas, and proposing measures—both learning from and sharing experiences with each other, and benchmarking against standards to examine and identify gaps, deepening understanding through the collision of ideas, and building consensus through mutual learning and mutual reference. Members of the School (Academy) Committee attended and guided the seminar discussions throughout, and at the concluding exchange conference made key speeches in light of their respective areas of responsibility, sharing learning and practice outcomes, and systematically planning work.
The meeting emphasized that studying and implementing Xi Jinping's thought on Party building is the fundamental political task and duty mission of the Party School in upholding its attributes as a political organ and political school. It is necessary to adhere to leading by example from the top down (以上率下, yi shang lü xia - "above, lead, below, follow"), studying deeply and understanding thoroughly (深学细悟, shen xue xi wu - "deep, study, fine, realize"), and to take the lead and set an example in theoretical arming. Fully leverage the exemplary and leading role of the "key minority"; members of the School (Academy) Committee take the lead in studying deeply and understanding thoroughly, strictly implement the "3+5" theoretical study mechanism, promote the integration of leadership-team-led study and promotion, departmental centralized study, and branch routine study into one connected whole, deeply comprehend the scientific connotation and theoretical character of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, and accurately grasp the positions, viewpoints, and methods contained therein. It is necessary to focus on principal responsibilities and core business, deepen the coordination of teaching, research, and consultation, and take the lead and set an example in theoretical research and interpretation. Strictly implement the collective lesson-preparation system, persist in taking Xi Jinping's thought on Party building as a key course and required course in cadre education and training, comprehensively employ teaching vehicles such as classroom lectures, case-based teaching, and on-site teaching, and properly serve as teaching knowledge and resolving doubts for students (传道授业解惑, chuan dao shou ye jie huo - "convey, way, teach, profession, solve, confusion"). Scientific research and think tanks should seek new breakthroughs in systematic and theoretical research and interpretation, strengthen organized research, incorporate Xi Jinping's thought on Party building into the key research directions of the "open competition for research projects" in scientific research, promote research results to feed back into teaching, and achieve mutual promotion and common progress between teaching and research. It is necessary to do solid work in Party building of the organ, consolidate the foundation and strengthen the roots, and take the lead and set an example in achieving tangible results. Continuously consolidate and expand the achievements of study and education, promote deep integration of organ Party building with professional work, strictly handle the rectification of problems fed back in the comprehensive evaluation of the Organs Working Committee of the district-level Party organs, continuously deepen the construction of "Four Strengths" Party branches and the creation of "One Branch, One Brand." Throughout the entire process of running the school and administering the academy, embed the establishment and practice of a correct view of political achievements, and embed it into every link of Party members' and cadres' performance of duties. Layer by layer, compact the responsibility for Party building work of the organ, deepen the standardized and normalized construction of branches, and lead and guarantee the high-quality development of the School (Academy)'s undertakings with high-quality Party building.
(Wang Dan)
Return to TopBy: 郭世碧
General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized: "Educating talents for the Party is the unique value of Party schools." The Party School of the CPC Hefei Municipal Committee (National Academy of Governance) of Anhui Province has deeply studied and implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses on Party school work, adhered to Party schools being loyal to the Party, practiced the original aspiration of Party schools, strengthened educating talents for the Party, closely followed the practical needs of Hefei's high-quality development, centered on the three key links of "focusing on what to learn, exploring how to learn, and ensuring learning is done well," strived to build a whole-chain cadre training system, continuously improved the quality of education and training, and provided solid talent support and intellectual safeguards for striving to write the Hefei chapter of Chinese modernization.
Focus on central work, build a precise teaching matrix. First, strengthen theoretical arming, solidify the ideological foundation for serving the overall situation. Always regard studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the central content and primary task of teaching, build a curriculum system with the general introduction leading, sub-topics unfolding, and practice transformation, establish and improve a dynamic curriculum update mechanism. In 2025, courses on the Party's innovative theory accounted for 72% of total class hours. Closely follow the development of the Party's innovative theory and the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, closely connect with development realities, promote the "three integrations" of theoretical education: integrate the interpretive thread between original works and principles and Hefei's practice, integrate the logical bridge between theoretical key points and work difficulties, integrate the transformation path between classroom instruction and ideological insight, guide trainees to truly understand, grasp, and implement the Party's innovative theory.
Second, highlight Party spirit casting the soul, inject spiritual motivation for overcoming difficulties. Carry Party spirit education through the entire process of teaching and management, improve teaching methods, integrate educational resources, establish a Party spirit education curriculum system covering seeking roots in Party history, casting the soul through faith, rectifying the mind through the Party Constitution, observing discipline through Party discipline, and tempering conduct through work style. In 2026, deeply integrate the learning and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements into Party spirit education, continuously enhance pertinence and effectiveness. By creating artistic Party lessons and musical Party lessons to make the classroom "come alive," launch immersive clean-government teaching in the Hefei Municipal Party Spirit, Party Conduct, and Party Discipline Education Hall, integrate the "Five Togethernesses" social practice into field classrooms, make Party spirit education more vivid, profound, and full of substance, guide trainees to deepen understanding and cognition, firm up ideals and convictions amid ideological collision and emotional resonance
Third, highlight capacity cultivation, forge solid skills for undertaking work and starting undertakings. Closely focus on the construction of the "seven kinds of capabilities," combine with Hefei's realities, build a job-performance capacity training curriculum system with local characteristics. Focus on the new practices of Hefei's high-quality development, the new explorations of deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and the new topics of megacity governance, increase the development of typical cases, plan the series of teaching routes of "Following the Footprints, Comprehending the Thought, Creating New Achievements, Painting a New Picture of Hefei's High-Quality Development," deeply develop 12 local frontier cases that are "in the present continuous tense," help cadres overcome capability panic in learning and practicing in a mutually reinforcing way (学用相长, xue yong xiang zhang - "learn, use; mutually, grow"), and improve their ability to build modernization
Innovate teaching models, create diversified training scenarios. First, promote the extension of the classroom toward practice in action learning. Carry forward the style of study of linking theory with practice, uphold the principle of "problems come from the front line, teaching goes to the front line," take industrial parks, sci-tech innovation platforms, and major projects as "walking classrooms," let trainees experience practical training on the main battlefield of economic construction, at the forefront of science, technology, and industry, and on the front line of grassroots governance. Carry out organized research and consultation activities with classes as units, set up topics around the key work of the municipal Party committee and municipal government, have trainees form research groups, with teaching guidance groups providing whole-process guidance for research activities. In 2025, organized trainees to conduct more than 100 research trips, and a number of research findings including "Strengthening the Promotion and Application of the National Common Language and Script, Empowering the Construction of Hefei as a Friendly City" have been transformed and applied, achieving the seamless integration of "educating talents" and"offering suggestions."
Second, promote benchmarking against advanced standards in training through exchange and collaboration. Establish the concept of "grand training," build a cross-regional collaborative co-education mechanism, let trainees broaden their horizons, inspire their thinking, and enhance their drive through off-site training. Carry out "Off-site Training Week," organize trainees to go to advanced regions such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, and conduct precise inspections, exchanges, and seminars. Cooperate with Party schools in Zhuhai, Jiaxing, and other places to carry out "interactive training, joint class operation," adopt the co-research model of "same topic, solved in two places, comparative analysis," form a replicable new path for regional cooperation
Third, promote the convergence of resources toward the cloud in online research-based learning. Improve the teaching matrix with "digital intelligence," integrate the high-quality online resources of the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) and the Anhui Provincial Party School (National Academy of Governance), build a learning resource repository, implement the integrated model of "online theory + offline discussion" and"live-streamed lectures + simulated practical training," and simultaneously push them to trainees' dormitory terminals, injecting a "digital soul" into training. In 2025, relying on Anhui Cadre Education Online, launched 4 online special-topic classes, with online training exceeding 80,000 person-times, building a ubiquitous learning ecology with online and offline complementing each other, meeting trainees' personalized and fragmented learning needs
Strengthen training safeguards, create a high-quality education environment. First, deepen research, consolidate the support of theory and practice. Scientific research is the foundational work of Party schools (National Academies of Governance). Build an integrated promotion system of teaching, research, and consultation, drive teaching optimization and research generation. Transform training hot topics, difficulties, and trainees' practical problems into research topics, through the linkage mechanism of "teaching raises questions, research solves problems, results enter the classroom," let research precisely serve teaching; make good use of the unique resource of trainees, innovate the mechanism for trainees to participate in decision-making consultation, promote trainees to actively participate in research and decision-making consultation work; rely on the "Smart Party School" to collect and analyze training outcomes, dynamically update teaching content, set research directions, achieve the same frequency resonance of teaching and research
Second, integrate teaching staff, build a strong team of full-time and part-time educators. Build a diversified faculty system of "renowned in-school masters + external experts," implement the project of "famous teachers leading, empowering growth" within the school, enhance the capabilities of full-time teachers through demonstration teaching by famous teachers, collective lesson preparation, and field research; dynamically expand the practical-oriented faculty pool of Party and government leaders, experts and scholars, advanced models, and others, innovatively open special lecture halls such as the "County (City, District) Party Committee Secretary Lecture Hall," the "Scientist Lecture Hall," and the "Entrepreneur Lecture Hall." In 2025, invited nearly 200 external experts to give lectures, let trainees directly dialogue with policy makers, frontier explorers, and hardworking practitioners, providing solid faculty support for high-quality training
Third, combine strict management with care, cultivate a fine style of study of seeking truth from facts. Build a "three-in-one" trainee management system of "institutional constraints, multi-party linkage, self-supervision," innovate the "Organization Department + Discipline Inspection Group + Party School" tripartite linkage supervision mechanism, achieve strict requirements, strict education, and strict management. Implement management requirements such as centralized boarding, optimize evening study arrangements, increase centralized learning activities such as special-topic seminars and case sharing, create a serious, tense, truth-seeking, and pragmatic learning atmosphere, let a fine style of study transform into conscious pursuit
〔The author is the Executive Vice President (Vice President) of the Party School of the CPC Hefei Municipal Committee (National Academy of Governance) of Anhui Province〕
Return to TopBy: 康爱茹 李士法
The Party School of the Jining Municipal Party Committee in Shandong Province adheres to the original aspiration of the Party school of "cultivating talents for the Party and offering counsel for the Party," closely follows the central task of Jining's high-quality development, aligns with the decisions and deployments of the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, systematically builds a closed-loop, organized decision-consulting research new system, and focuses targeted efforts on the six major dimensions of "precise topic selection, quality improvement of consultative reports, joint research tackling, safeguard and incentives, coordinated synergy, and brand cultivation," promoting both the volume of research output and the number of leadership approvals to reach new historical highs for the same period, earnestly shouldering the responsibility and mission of the Party committee and government's "think tank and brain trust."
Precise topic selection and orientation. Centering on key areas such as comprehensive rural revitalization, industrial iteration and upgrading, and park economy, a four-dimensional topic-generation mechanism of "leaders assigning topics, departments proposing topics, trainees recommending topics, and independent topic selection" is constructed. First, publishing a topic-selection guide to lead the direction. Focusing on Jining's development needs, a scientific research topic-selection guide is published, key research directions are sorted out, a clear roadmap for the year's scientific research and consultation work is delineated, and a clear task document is defined, ensuring that wherever the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government's deployments advance, scientific research tackling follows. Second, improving the topic-generation mechanism. Relying on the "three-bring" working mechanism of main training classes, governance bottlenecks, livelihood difficulties, and development pain points discovered by trainees at the frontline of their posts are systematically collected, and after classification and sorting, a dynamic topic reserve bank is formed, ensuring that topics have both top-level design and grassroots perspectives. Third, strictly controlling the quality threshold at the topic entry stage. A joint review mechanism of "external invited experts + the school's academic committee" is innovatively implemented, double-blind review and recusal review rules are implemented, and independent scoring and collective deliberation are conducted from dimensions such as topic value, research framework, and methodological approach. In the first half of 2026, 3 special topics and 13 school-level major decision-consulting research topics were completed to a high standard.
Deep cultivation of consultative counsel. Whole-chain management of all links in consultative reports—topic selection, drafting, polishing, review, and submission—is strengthened, promoting think-tank outcomes to "emphasize quality, emphasize practical results, and emphasize transformation." First, implementing full-process quality control. A four-level review process of "preliminary review by teaching and research departments—re-review by the scientific research office—further review by the school academic committee—final review by school leadership" is strictly implemented, along with three-stage management of opening-topic argumentation, mid-term scheduling, and final-draft polishing. Second, building a tiered polishing system. A normalized, tiered, and categorized counseling mechanism is established, and for key consultative reports, a three-round polishing model of "intra-group discussion by the research team + cross-disciplinary expert consultation + meticulous refinement by the school academic committee" is implemented. Third, smoothing multiple channels for submission. The core internal submission vehicle of the school's Consultative Reference is strengthened, the provincial-level direct submission channel of the Provincial Party School's Teaching, Research, and Consultation Bulletin is opened, anda provincial-and-municipal two-level decision-submission network is established. As of now, 17 consultative reports have received signatures and approvals from leaders at or above the municipal level, 1 consultative report has been incorporated into provincial government decision-making, and multiple outcomes have been transformed into municipal party committee work measures. Fourth, improving the closed-loop transformation mechanism for consultative outcomes. A three-level outcome-tracking system of approval-decision tracking, implementation-benefit tracking, and experience-promotion tracking is established, relevant functional departments are proactively engaged to follow up on policy absorption and decision-reference situations, a consultative outcome bank is simultaneously established, mature countermeasures are continuously iterated and optimized, feasible recommendations in already-signed-and-approved reports are regularly sorted out, and secondary in-depth research is conducted in light of changing circumstances and implementation realities, forming a complete closed working loop of "research—drafting—submission—implementation—optimization."
Coordinating topic research tackling. A trinity joint tackling system of "teachers + trainees + municipal-and-county synergy" is constructed, promoting scientific research work to achieve organized, coordinated tackling. First, establishing a tiered topic layout. A tiered topic system of "special topics + school-level major decision-consultation topics + municipal-and-county joint tackling topics" is constructed. Second, forming cross-disciplinary joint tackling teams. Relying on approved topics, 16 joint tackling teams of "senior experts + backbone teachers + young scholars" are formed, a multi-level joint tackling matrix is constructed, anda working mechanism of regular centralized discussion and phased submission of outcomes is implemented. Third, deepening the "teacher + trainee" joint research mechanism. Relying on the Party school's unique educational advantages, teacher-trainee joint tackling teams are formed according to the principle of professional complementarity, integrating teachers' theoretical advantages with trainees' job-practice advantages, focusing on frontline governance, people's livelihood services, and other issues to conduct research, forming a positive feedback loop (良性循环, liang xing xun huan - "good, benign; cycle, loop") of "teaching producing topics, research producing articles, consultation producing countermeasures, and trainees providing practice." Fourth, establishing a classroom-transformation mechanism for research outcomes. More than ten research outcomes in areas such as canal economy, cultural-tourism famous city, and grassroots governance are promptly transformed into high-quality teaching topics and on-site teaching cases, incorporated into the curriculum system of main training classes, opening upthe full chain of "topic tackling—outcome production—classroom transformation." Fifth, building a growth platform for young teachers. Policy research experts are routinely invited to the school to give lectures; quarterly research-outcome evaluation and sharing sessions are organized; a young-teacher column and special topics are established; a "one-on-one" pairing mentorship for senior teachers is implemented, providing whole-process guidance from topic selection, project approval, to research.
Strengthening scientific research safeguards. Around links such as the funding support system, evaluation mechanism, and process services, a full-lifecycle incentive and safeguard system is improved. First, improving the scientific research funding support system. Coordinated research on major real-world issues across levels and across fields is prioritized for support, promoting normalized joint tackling among provincial, municipal, and county three-level Party schools. The guiding role of funding is strengthened, channeling limited resources toward the city's major strategic topic projects. Second, implementing a new policy of immediate funding support. A fast track of report-submission-then-immediate-review and immediate-funding is established. For high-quality research outcomes, dynamic application, rapid review, merit-based funding, and immediate disbursement upon completion are implemented. Third, continuously optimizing scientific research safeguard services. A whole-process tracking service mechanism for key research teams is implemented, providing "one-stop" precise services at key links such as research coordination, data acquisition, fund use, and outcome submission. A mechanism for regular collection of scientific research needs information and rapid response is established; for practical problems encountered by research teams during tackling, such as cross-departmental coordination and grassroots research docking, the scientific research office actively coordinates, empowering scientific research tackling to improve quality and efficiency through refined services. Fourth, improving the incentive and evaluation mechanism. Core indicators such as the approval level of consultative reports, the practical effectiveness of outcome transformation, and the influence of theoretical articles are incorporated into the performance appraisal system, and the weight of scientific research contributions is fully reflected in professional title evaluation, post promotion, and selection for awards, effectively stimulating the internal motivation of teaching and research personnel to engage in organized scientific research.
Highlighting coordinated synergy. A three-level coordination network is built, forming a new scientific research pattern of full-domain linkage, internal-external connectivity, and whole-process coordination. First, connecting with high-end platforms and channels. Cooperation with the Study Times is deepened, a joint decision-consultation mechanism of "Provincial Party School + Municipal Party Committee Policy Research Office + Municipal Party School" is created, and channels for provincial-level topic application and high-end expert lecture resources are simultaneously broadened. Second, deepening departmental coordinated tackling. A cooperation model of "Party school + department + university" is innovated, routine contact is maintained with the Municipal Party Committee Policy Research Office, the Municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department, the Municipal Federation of Social Sciences, and development-and-reform, industry-and-information-technology, culture-and-tourism, water-conservancy, and other departments to conduct research cooperation; in conjunction with the Municipal Party Committee Organization Department, collection and compilation of reform-and-innovation typical cases is advanced, and preparation for the compilation of a series of Party school monographs is initiated; docking with universities stationed in Jining, cooperation intentions on joint topic research and resource sharing are reached. Third, connecting municipal-and-county Party schools at all levels. A "five-common" working mechanism of common topic selection, common research, common discussion, common drafting, and common transformation is implemented, a paired joint-research model for municipal-and-county decision-consultation topics is adopted, the city's Party school scientific research forces are coordinated to form 35 joint research groups, research activities are carried out in Qufu, Jiaxiang, Liangshan, and other places, achieving joint topic research, shared resources, and shared outcomes, promoting the balanced improvement of the scientific research capacity of Party schools across the city.
Expanding think-tank influence. Continuously enhancing the academic influence and social influence of the think-tank brand. First, leveraging high-end platforms to achieve a leap in communication levels. Authoritative media resources at the central and provincial levels are proactively engaged, and submission channels for theoretical articles are smoothed. Second, deepening theoretical interpretation with both quantity and quality. Since 2026, a cumulative total of 19 theoretical articles have been published in newspapers and periodicals at or above the provincial level, achieving a breakthrough in outcomes in the "three newspapers and one journal" for two consecutive years. Third, empowering brand building to expand think-tank influence. A brand promotion chain of "publication—dissemination—transformation" is constructed, deepening the breadth of think-tank influence through the depth of theoretical interpretation, and demonstrating the Party school's responsibility through the height of think-tank service.
(Author affiliation: Party School of the Jining Municipal Party Committee, Shandong Province)
Return to TopBy: 李晓敏 唐甜薇
In recent years, the Party School (Academy of Governance) of the CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional Committee has actively explored building a think-tank brand with Party School characteristics, constructing a full-cycle decision-making consultation service chain of "timely response — research first — multi-dimensional discussion — clustered submission," and the think tank's brand recognition and social influence have continued to rise. In May 2026, the think-tank brand with Party School characteristics, the"Thinker Think-Tank Workshop," was selected for the"Philosophy and Social Sciences Achievements Exhibition" of the National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences.
Anchoring the direction of topic selection, responding promptly to major decisions and deployments of the Party committee and government. The School (Academy) has always regarded major decisions and deployments of the Party committee and government as the primary task of think-tank research, adhering to the principle that"when the Party committee has deployments, the Party School has action." After major decisions are made and important meetings are held, it follows up rapidly, organizing study and assessment at the earliest opportunity, and precisely selecting the first research topic for think-tank research from the key issues and hot topics of concern to the Party committee and government. For example, after the Party Central Committee proposed attaching great importance to the high-quality development of artificial intelligence and the private economy, the School (Academy),, combining with Guangxi's actual conditions, immediately launched a"two-in-one" special research project and held a seminar on"Artificial Intelligence Empowering the Private Economy"; after the Autonomous Regional Party Committee proposed building a comprehensive pilot zone for high-quality development of critical metals in Nandan, it promptly organized research teams to go deep into the front line for research and held special discussions. The rapid-response mechanism has ensured that think-tank research always resonates with the overall center and overall situation. At the same time, think-tank activities of the School (Academy) have also successively carried out discussions around major themes such as forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, building a clean and honest Guangxi, and high-quality development of border areas, focusing on real problems and responding to real needs.
Adhering to research first, ensuring that think-tank discussions have substantive and meaningful content (言之有物, yan zhi you wu - "speak, possess, have, thing") and are well-founded and supported by evidence (言之有据, yan zhi you ju - "speak, possess, have, evidence"). Before each round of think-tank discussion activities, the School (Academy) insists on"research first," organizing teaching and research personnel to carry questions deep into the grassroots front line, walk into actual work departments, and through methods such as symposium exchanges and on-site visits, master first-hand information, ascertain the actual situation, and pinpoint the crux of problems. For example, in order to run well the think-tank discussion activity on"How Can Guangxi Private Enterprises Succeed in the Age of Artificial Intelligence," research teams successively went deep into AI-type private enterprises in Nanning, manufacturing-type private enterprises in Yulin, and border-trade-type private enterprises in Chongzuo, ascertaining clearly and accurately the development status of private enterprises in different industries. Relying on solid research to form research results, ensuring that the targeting of think-tank discussions is clearer and the path support is more solid. This approach has provided teaching and research personnel with opportunities for linking theory with practical application (理论联系实际, li lun lian xi shi ji - "theory, connect, practice, reality"), using practice to feed back into theoretical research and teaching, effectively training young teachers' ability in investigation and research.
Deepening multi-dimensional participation, pooling wisdom and strength from all sides. Think-tank activities of the School (Academy) strive to build a multi-dimensional exchange pattern of"Party School + departments,""autonomous regional Party School + city-and-county Party Schools,"and"teachers + students,"and by inviting comrades from relevant competent business departments, teachers from Party Schools at the autonomous region, city, and county levels, and students in on-campus main training classes to exchange on the same stage, promoting all sides to conduct in-depth interpretation of the same topic from different angles, making problem analysis more three-dimensional and countermeasure suggestions more systematic. At the same time, the School (Academy) fully leverages the advantage of city-and-county Party Schools being close to the grassroots front line, striving to extend think-tank discussion activities to grassroots Party Schools. At present, discussions have been held at Party Schools in places such as Fangchenggang, Hechi, and Yulin, which has not only strengthened business guidance and coordination, but also fully stimulated the enthusiasm of teaching and research personnel in city-and-county Party Schools to participate in think-tank research. Since the beginning of this year, decision-consultation reports written by some teachers from city-and-county Party Schools have received affirming instructions from provincial-level leaders, anda batch of"good seedlings" for conducting think-tank research have emerged in competition.
Adhering to selective submission of the best, effectively promoting the landing and transformation of think-tank research results. The School (Academy) strives to make efforts in promoting the landing and transformation of think-tank results. It promptly organizes teaching and research personnel to improve countermeasure suggestions according to the discussion situation, forming multiple think-tank results from different angles under the same topic, and selecting the best from among the best (优中选优, you zhong xuan you - "excellence, among, select, excellence") to submit for reference by leaders of higher-level Party committees and governments. This approach has effectively enhanced the pertinence and reference value of decision-consultation results, and the main leader of the Autonomous Regional Party Committee has specifically made affirming instructions on this. At the same time, the approval-and-transmission rate of think-tank results and the ratio at which decision-consultation information has been adopted by higher-level Party committees have both been greatly improved, fully demonstrating the unique value of the Party School in offering counsel for the Party.
〔Author affiliation: Party School (Academy of Governance) of the CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional Committee〕
Return to TopBy: 刘忠强
Located at the northern foot of the Yinshan Mountains, Wuchuan County is the core area of the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Base Area and has long enjoyed the reputation of being the "Little Yan'an Beyond the Great Wall." In recent years, Wuchuan County of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has thoroughly implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important directive spirit on "making good use of red resources, carrying forward red traditions, and passing on the red gene," deeply excavating the local red treasure trove, and through the five-pronged approach of consolidating positions, innovating models, polishing courses, tempering the teaching faculty, and opening up education, has driven party spirit education to be both rich in the characteristics of the times and truly touching the soul.
Linking individual elements into a cohesive whole (串珠成链, chuan zhu cheng lian - "string, beads, become, chain"), consolidating the red positions. Wuchuan County has coordinated the renovation of the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Base Area Exhibition Hall, the former site of the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Base Area, the former site of the "Hao Government," the Daqingshan Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery, and other red ruins, relics, and memorial buildings, improved supporting facilities such as on-site teaching bases and mass hiking trails, and formed a red education position matrix with the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Base Area On-Site Teaching Base at its core and a "one core, multiple points" layout. At the same time, it has turned venues and sites such as the Wuchuan Museum into on-site teaching points for a sense of community for the Chinese nation, threading the scattered historical resources into lines and connecting them into areas, allowing party members and cadres to look back on the journey of war flames in real settings and to feel the thickness of history while walking.
Uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, enriching the teaching model. It has changed the traditional indoctrination-style teaching method of "sitting and listening, watching from the side," explored a "1+7+N" teaching model, comprehensively employed theoretical teaching, on-site teaching, interactive teaching, case teaching, interpretive teaching, and other means, and built a "real-scene classroom" for party spirit education. In collaboration with the Wuchuan County Ulan Muqir, it has created the live-action drama Children of the Green Mountains, launched projects such as live-action simulation, retracing the Anti-Japanese War road, and self-directed study hiking through mountain wilderness, and built an integrated education chain of "listening, watching, performing, and comprehending." It has established a teaching catalog for units to "place orders" as needed, and tailored courses individually for different class cohorts, greatly enhancing the pertinence and effectiveness of education and training. It regularly carries out activities of sending education to the grassroots, delivering the Party's innovative theories, policies, and regulations to government offices, communities, and the fields
Meticulous craftsmanship or careful refinement (精雕细琢, jing diao xi zhuo - "fine, carve, detailed, polish"), creating distinctive courses. Based on the revolutionary history of the Daqingshan Mountains, it has organized the development of case courses such as "The Early Practice of Forging a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation — the Historical Experience of the Construction of the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Base Area," optimized thematic courses such as "The History of the Anti-Japanese Struggle in the Daqingshan Mountains," carefully crafted experience courses such as "Student Hand-Drawn Blackboard Newspapers" and "Reciting and Copying the 'Three Old Articles,'" interactive courses such as "Revolutionary Descendants Passing on Family Traditions," and the live-action drama course "Children of the Green Mountains," forming a multi-level course system. It has deepened the system of leading cadres lecturing at the podium, encouraged members of party and government leadership teams to deliver red micro-lectures around themes such as ideals and convictions, loyalty to the Party, and the mass line, and fostered a strong atmosphere in which "everyone can tell Wuchuan's red stories."
Simultaneously recruiting and cultivating talent (引育并举, yin yu bing ju - "attract, nurture, both, employ"), tempering the teaching faculty. Through open recruitment and talent introduction, it has brought in 15 full-time teachers for the county Party school, greatly improving the quality of the Party school faculty. It has implemented a teacher development plan, adopted the mechanisms of "old leading new" and "passing on, helping, and leading," regularly selected young backbone teachers to undertake practical training at higher-level Party schools and cadre academies, absorbing advanced teaching experience. It has also organized teachers to go to townships and departments for "seedling tempering" cultivation and on-the-job training, enhancing practical work ability. It has established a county-wide open "teacher talent pool," broadly recruiting department business experts with firm political quality and rich practical experience, grassroots Party organization leaders, and outstanding local talent to serve as part-time teachers, ensuring that red stories are told accurately, told deeply, and told movingly.
Collaborative construction and shared benefits (共建共享, gong jian gong xiang - "together, build, together, share"), opening up the education landscape. Wuchuan County has broken free of the fixed mindset of "running education behind closed doors," actively connected with external high-quality resources, and accelerated the construction of a cross-regional, cross-level collaborative network for party spirit education. It has engaged in deep cooperation with China General Technology Group, jointly building the Daqingshan red education matrix, jointly developing "central enterprise + old revolutionary area" joint learning and joint building courses, guiding party members and cadres of state-owned enterprises to examine their original aspirations and temper their sense of responsibility on the red hot land; in partnership with Mentougou District of Beijing, relying on the Beijing–Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region east-west collaboration mechanism, it has exchanged cadres for exchanges, training, and study; and actively undertaken main training cohorts for party and government organs and state-owned enterprises of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, tailoring special training programs such as "Retracing the Daqingshan Road·Tempering Loyal Souls," achieving complementary resources, joint course development, and shared outcomes. Through "inviting in to teach, going out to learn, and linking up to run," the radiation radius of Wuchuan's red education has continued to extend, and its social influence has grown ever larger.
Red soul-forging, achieving local prosperity through practical and hard work (实干兴县, shi gan xing xian - "solid, work, prosper, county"). Today, more and more party members and cadres are entering the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Base Area, comprehending their original aspirations through immersive learning, and tempering their sense of responsibility through study, thinking, practice, and understanding. Wuchuan County will make good use of and fully utilize its red resources, and promote their transformation into vivid teaching materials for cadre education and training, so that the red gene is passed on from generation to generation, truly becoming a powerful driving force for cadres and the masses to undertake endeavors and work hard with practical results.
(The author is the Executive Vice President of the Party School of the Wuchuan County Committee of Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region)
Return to TopBy: 陈建林
"If one studies alone without friends, one will be ignorant and narrow and find it hard to succeed." This was Gu Yanwu's unique experience in conducting himself in the world and pursuing scholarship, and also one of the important factors that ultimately made him a great thinker. The essay Guang Shi (Broadening the Teacher) was completed in 1678. Although the text is only a little over 300 characters, its connotations are extremely rich. It systematically expounds Gu Yanwu's view of the Way of the Teacher, profoundly reveals his scholarly attitude of incorporating diverse views and elements (兼收并蓄, jian shou bing xu - "receive, and, store") and applying knowledge to practical social needs (经世致用, jing shi zhi yong - "manage, world, apply, use"), and even today still possesses profound enlightening value.
Gu Yanwu loved to read all the books under heaven, and also loved to make friends with all the people under heaven. According to historical materials, Gu Yanwu made numerous friends throughout his life, around 250 in number. He was good at discovering the strengths of his friends, and actively learned from the strong points of his associates, helping himself better accomplish the undertakings he was engaged in.
Guang Shi was written in Gu Yanwu's later years. The direct motivation for Gu Yanwu to write this essay was that his friend Wang Tiaowen had written a piece titled Letter to Others on the Way of the Teacher, in which he lavishly praised Gu Yanwu and another scholar Li Yindu as exemplars of the age in the cultivation and clarification of classical studies. Gu Yanwu felt that this praise was excessive, and he was deeply ill at ease, so he took up his brush and wrote this essay to make clear his aspirations. He wrote: "Among fellow students, there are those whom Tiaowen does not know, whom I must not omit, so I shall comment on them as I have seen them. As for one whose learning exhausts heaven and man, firm and unshakable, I am inferior to Wang Yinxu; one who studies for the sake of himself, plumbing the profound and discerning the subtle, I am inferior to Yang Xuechen; one who alone masters the Three Rites, standing out prominently as a classical teacher, I am inferior to Zhang Jiruo; one who is detached from worldly things, naturally attaining the mysteries of heaven, I am inferior to Fu Qingzhuzip one who endures hardship and toils in study, completing himself without a teacher, I am inferior to Li Zhongfuzip one who has tasted every peril, bending and stretching with the times, I am inferior to Lu Anqingzip one with a vast knowledge and a keen memory (博闻强记, bo wen qiang ji - "wide, hear, strong, remember"), a treasury of all books, I am inferior to Wu Renchenzip one whose writings are elegant, whose mind is kind and gentle, I am inferior to Zhu Xichi; one who loves learning without weariness, devoted to friends, I am inferior to Wang Shanshi; one who meticulously masters the Six Scripts, faithful and fond of antiquity, I am inferior to Zhang Lichen. As for those who have attained high office and stand in positions of power, there are also many among them worthy of praise, but these are not matters that a commoner may discuss."
Guang Shi appears in volume six of the Tinglin Collected Works, with its original title being Letter to a Friend; later generations often quote it alone and prefix it with the title Guang Shi. At the time of writing this essay, Gu Yanwu's scholarly thought had already matured considerably, his learning was quite esteemed by the academic community, but he showed not the slightest trace of arrogance; instead, he objectively assessed the shortcomings of his own learning, and gave high praise to the strengths of other famous scholars of his contemporaries
Guang Shi systematically expounds Gu Yanwu's view of the Way of the Teacher, reflecting his inheritance and innovation of the views of the Way of the Teacher held by his predecessors. Before Gu Yanwu, four views were particularly representative. First, Confucius proposed: "When three men walk together, there must be one who can be my teacher. I choose what is good in them and follow it; what is not good in them, I correct it." This view, which breaks the fixed identities of teacher and student and emphasizes that anyone can serve as a teacher, has as its essence the use of goodness as the standard to endow the Way of the Teacher with great openness and reflectiveness, thereby laying the foundation of the Way of the Teacher. Second, Xunzi was the first to advocate that honoring teachers and esteeming the Way is the foundation of the state. "If the state is to prosper, it must honor teachers and esteem instructors; if it honors teachers and esteems instructors, then laws and institutions will be preserved." "The teacher is the one who rectifies ritual. Without ritual, how can one rectify one's person? Without a teacher, how do I know that ritual is as it should be?" This elevates honoring teachers to the height of the rise and fall of the state, holding that the teacher is the authoritative interpreter of ritual. Third, the Record of Learning put forward the proposition that teaching and learning promote each other, using the knowledge of the rise and decline of teaching to define the professionalism of teachers and the laws of education, pointing out: "The gentleman, having understood both the causes by which teaching flourishes and the causes by which it declines, may then serve as a teacher for others." Fourth, Han Yu derived the view that "disciples need not be inferior to their teachers, nor need teachers be more worthy than their disciples." This assertion, through the dialectical understanding of the priority of hearing the Way and the specialization of scholarly expertise, completely overturned the stale logic of the scholar-official class that judged the Way of the Teacher by high position and exalted office, elevating the theory of the Way of the Teacher to a new height. The above four views, mutually dependent and complementary, laid the foundation for the traditional Chinese ancient view of the Way of the Teacher, provided inspiration and the source of wisdom for Gu Yanwu's writing of Guang Shi, and his naming of this essay as Guang Shi already carried the meaning of "broadening the teachings of teachers."
The ten friends listed in Guang Shi, although their scholarly specializations differed, were all outstanding figures in their respective fields. Gu Yanwu used the sentence pattern "I am inferior to" to lavishly praise their strengths in one particular aspect, while modestly acknowledging his own inferiority. This candid "inferiority" was an objective judgment built on genuine insight and a broad mind, embodying Gu Yanwu's possessing a broad and modest mind (虚怀若谷, xu huai ruo gu - "empty, bosom, like, valley") and drawing on the strengths of many people (博采众长, bo cai zhong chang - "wide, collect, many, strengths") scholarly bearing. This "broadening the teacher" also contains a more profound proposition, namely, that all friends who are beneficial to expanding knowledge, pursuing scholarship, and encouraging one another, are worthy of respect as good teachers and helpful friends. The magnanimous mind that Gu Yanwu displayed in inheriting the traditional Way of the Teacher embodied the intellectual realm of a great scholar
First, the spirit of the adherent of the fallen dynasty, upheld to the end of life. The ten people listed in Guang Shi were all sharing the same goals and ideals (志同道合, zhi tong dao he - "will, same, path, together") scholars, possessing a strong sense of social responsibility and a sense of mission. Gu Yanwu lived during the dynastic transition at the end of the Ming and the beginning of the Qing, having personally experienced the pain of the fall of his state, and always adhered to the political stance of refusing to cooperate with the Qing regime. Against this background, many Ming loyalist scholars turned instead to academic research, attempting to preserve the cultural lifeline by promoting the orthodox Confucian tradition and engaging in textual criticism and practical statecraft learning, expressing their nostalgia for the fallen dynasty and their estrangement from the new one. The scholars listed in Guang Shi, such as Fu Qingzhu, Li Zhongfu, and others, also largely shared a similar identity as adherents of the fallen dynasty or a characteristic of steadfastly upholding moral integrity. This essay, therefore, also implicitly contains the deeper meaning of mutually encouraging moral integrity and finding one's place in the world through scholarship
In the seventeenth year of the Kangxi reign (1678), the Qing court opened the Boxue Hongru examination and summoned famous scholars to compile the History of the Ming Dynasty. High ministers at court strongly recommended that Gu Yanwu go to the capital to take the examination. At this time, Yang Xuechen wrote to ask Gu Yanwu how he would respond to the summons, and Gu Yanwu then wrote Letter to Yang Xuechen as his reply. In this letter he systematically expounded his scholarly thought and expressed his intention to decline the summons. According to historical records, the friendship between Gu Yanwu and Yang Xuechen was deep, with frequent exchanges of letters. They discussed the writing of the Rizhi Lu (Record of Knowledge Gained Daily); Yang Xuechen praised Gu Yanwu's personal evaluations of history, but also pointed out certain errors, all of which Gu Yanwu humbly accepted one by one. Their interactions may truly be described as treating each other with utmost sincerity
Second, being broadly learned in literature, and turning to many teachers in succession. Gu Yanwu's learning was extremely extensive, covering classical studies, historiography, phonology, exegesis, epigraphy, geography, military affairs, agricultural administration, and many other fields. The reason he was able to achieve such accomplishments was inseparable from his attitude of learning broadly, taking all those who were good as his teachers. In his view, a teacher could be anyone who had a strength in some particular aspect, and the scope of seeking teachers should be incomparably broad. This was precisely the concrete manifestation of his practice of the broad learning in literature that he himself advocated
For example, Zhang Lichen, versed in the classics and broadly learned in antiquity, inherited his family's scholarly tradition, devoted himself to the Six Scripts, and was particularly fond of inscriptions on bronze and stone, devoting his entire life to the collection, organization, and research of bronze and stone inscriptions. In order to obtain firsthand materials, Zhang Lichen often did not avoid hardships and dangers, repeatedly traveling in person to ancient sites for investigation. Gu Yanwu held him in great respect, and the two frequently exchanged letters, communicating ideas and scholarship. In the sixth year of the Kangxi reign (1667), Gu Yanwu entrusted his important work Five Books on Phonology to Zhang Lichen for collation and block-printing. Zhang Lichen meticulously collated the text, correcting some one hundred to two hundred places. Gu Yanwu was extremely moved by this, and exclaimed with admiration: "Faithful and fond of antiquity, meticulously devoted to the Six Scripts, I am inferior to Zhang Lichen."
Third, applying knowledge to practical social needs, and seeking truth from facts. Gu Yanwu's scholarship was by no means for the sake of empty talk or seeking novelty, but rather had a strong purpose of applying knowledge to practical social needs. He summarized the lessons of the fall of the Ming dynasty, holding that the empty discussion of mind, principle, nature, and destiny by Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism was one of the important causes of the ruin of the state, and therefore vigorously advocated practical learning, paying attention to the concrete scholarship closely related to society and the people's livelihood. The scholars he recommended in Guang Shi, such as Wang Yinxu, who was precise in astronomy and calendrical calculation, Zhang Jiruo, who deeply studied the Three Rites, Wu Renchen, who had a vast knowledge and a keen memory, and others, mostly pursued scholarship with the characteristics of seeking truth from facts, emphasizing textual criticism, and stressing practical applicability. This reflected Gu Yanwu's hope to befriend these pragmatic scholars and jointly explore academic pursuits beneficial to all under heaven
Zhang Jiruo's academic exchanges with Gu Yanwu were relatively close. According to records, when Gu Yanwu was in Jinan, he heard Zhang Jiruo lecturing on the Book of Etiquette, and was extremely admiring of his views; the next day he called on him in person, and they talked happily and became friends. In the years that followed, they maintained correspondence, each respecting the other as teacher. Gu Yanwu not only wrote a preface for Zhang Jiruo's Annotations and Commentary on the Book of Etiquette with Zheng Xuan's Commentary, but also sincerely exclaimed:"Alone mastering the Three Rites, standing out prominently as a classical teacher, I am inferior to Zhang Jiruo."
Fourth, devoted to friendship, and mutually encouraging moral integrity. The scholars listed in Guang Shi were mostly friends of like interests whom Gu Yanwu had come to know during his northern travels, such as Li Zhongfu and Wang Shanshi of the Guanzhong region. They not only engaged in scholarly exchanges with each other, but also supported each other spiritually, jointly upholding the political integrity and cultural ideals of scholars who were adherents of the fallen dynasty. Starting from 1677, with Wang Shanshi's help, Gu Yanwu settled at the foot of Mount Hua. The two were together day and night, discussing learning together, exploring the Way of examining Ming scholarship, rectifying the human heart, bringing order out of chaos, and revitalizing the age of peace. Wang Shanshi provided Gu Yanwu with a residence in Huayin, helped him transport his book collection, and also assisted him in building a cottage and purchasing paddy fields, providing Gu Yanwu with a relatively peaceful environment for writing. During his time in Huayin, Gu Yanwu completed important work such as the revision and expansion of the Rizhi Lu. The two jointly studied classical studies, Neo-Confucianism, epigraphy, and other fields, composing poetry in response to each other
Gu Yanwu's essay Guang Shi, with its modest and broadly receptive mind and its profound scholarly vision, has been esteemed by later scholars. The Qing dynasty scholar Quan Zuwang, although he did not directly evaluate Guang Shi, described Gu Yanwu's character of being upright and aloof from the world, refusing to go along with others, in his Jieqi Pavilion Collection. Chen Kangqi, in his First Notes from the Langqian Studio, included the original text of Guang Shi and conducted textual research on it; he compared Gu Yanwu's modest attitude with that of the shallow and superficial students of the time, lavishly praising Gu Yanwu's possessing a broad and modest mind. Another scholar, Ping Buqing, established a special entry on Guang Shi in volume seven of his Gleanings from the Xiawai Studio. He traced the origin of the sentence pattern "I am inferior to," holding that Gu Yanwu's Guang Shi, in both sentence pattern and spirit, was an inheritance and development of the ancient tradition of the worthy and virtuous modestly yielding to others in recommending talent. The modern scholar Liang Qichao held Gu Yanwu in the highest esteem, calling him the"founding patriarch of Qing scholarship." Although he did not directly comment on Guang Shi, he lavishly praised Gu Yanwu as "not only a classical teacher, but also a teacher of men."
The view of the Way of the Teacher contained in Guang Shi is mainly manifested in four points: the qualifications of the teacher, shifting from attention to status toward focusing on strengths; the path of learning, shifting from passive acceptance toward active discovery; the attitude toward learning, combining self-confidence and self-strengthening with candor and modesty; the scope of learning, combining drawing on the strengths of many people with mastering various aspects and integrating them into a whole (融会贯通, rong hui guan tong - "melt, combine, penetrate, through"). Its core is a spirit of equality, openness, and continuous self-advancement; although more than 300 years have passed, it still possesses rich reference and enlightening significance for today.
Return to TopBy: 李诚
As I stepped into Kuanzhai Alley, it happened to be one of those rare cool days in Chengdu during summer. The sky was a grayish-blue gray, thick clouds spread overhead, blocking the scorching sun completely. The green brick ground underfoot had been polished shiny by countless feet, and from the cracks poked out several thin clumps of slender grass, green with a quiet calm. Wind came through from the depths of the alley, carrying moist dampness, brushing against the face with a cool, silky touch, making one forget it was high summer.
This famous alley has a history of 300 years. In the 57th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, after the Qing government put down the Rebellion of Dzungaria, it left several thousand Eight Banner soldiers stationed in Chengdu, and on the old site of Shaocheng built up Mancheng, which gave rise to the prototype of Kuanzhai Alley. At that time, the three lanes each had their own names: the wide one was called Xingren, the narrow one Taiping, and there was also a well lane called Ruyi. Later, when the Qing Dynasty came to an end, merchants doing business, craftsmen plying their trades, and scholars alike moved in, batch after batch, into Mancheng, and the three lanes grew lively. More than a hundred years have passed; today those old names are no longer used, but the skeletons of the lanes remain, only the residents, the trades, and the ways of life inside have long since changed, and the atmosphere of everyday life has grown ever thicker.
Walking along the Wide Alley, courtyards sit side by side, one after another. Some are old western Sichuanese column-and-timber wooden houses, with thick, sturdy pillars supporting wide, spacious eaves, the eaves corners tilting slightly upward, like swallows spreading their wings. Some courtyards have modest gateways, but if you peer inside, there are skywells, side rooms, main halls, layer upon layer extending deep inward — one could truly say it is a place with unexpected, wonderful scenery (别有洞天, bie you dong tian - "not, have, cave, heaven"). In the center of the courtyard trees are planted, birdcages hang from the branches, and hwamei thrushes hop about inside, chirping crisply. Some courtyard walls are clearly patched up later, new bricks and old bricks mixed together, colors deep and light, like a garment covered in patches — looking somewhat worn, yet somehow exuding a warmth of homely everyday life. The wood carvings atop the gate towers are the most interesting:they carve intertwined lotus vines, cloud patterns, and motifs of the Eight Immortals' hidden symbols. The knife work is not particularly fine, but it has a certain rustic, unadorned vigor — not following rules like official craftsmen, but rather as if some old master craftsman, with nothing better to do, carved away knife stroke by knife stroke for fun, carrying a casual, human touch
Turning into the Narrow Alley, the world closes in. The walls on both sides rise higher, squeezing the sky into a narrow slit, and as one walks beneath, one's shadow is stretched long. In the shady spots at the foot of the walls, small stalls are set up, selling such trendy cultural creations as bluetooth speakers with bamboo-woven shells, phone cases with Shu embroidery patterns, and miniature brick carvings that can scan a QR code to listen to an audio guide. Most of those tending the stalls are young people, hands busy packing orders for customers while chatting warmly; when someone asks a price, they explain in detail with a smile; when no one is around, they don't idle either, but lower their heads to process online orders on their phones, or shoot a few scenes and edit them into short videos to post online — service is deft and thorough. There was a white-bearded old grandfather sitting on a folding stool carving peach pits;a small knife flipped between his fingers, and gradually the outline of a Maitreya Buddha emerged on the peach pit — a round belly, a smiling face. I crouched beside him watching for quite a while; he didn't look up at me, but just handed over one he had finished, saying, "It's a gift for you." That peach pit was tiny, lying in the palm of my hand, slightly warm, as if it had absorbed the warmth of his palm
Walking further on, the alley suddenly opened up. This turned out to be a small square, surrounded on all sides by teahouses and taverns, with several old banyan trees in the middle spreading wide canopies, laying out shade thick and full. Beneath the trees people sat in crowds — sipping tea, dancing, scrolling short videos, each enjoying their own pleasure. A young woman in a blue qipao carried a long-spouted copper teapot as she wove through the crowd; the spout was long and slender, and with a flick of her wrist, boiling water came pouring down from on high, tracing a bright, gleaming arc, landing precisely in the tea bowl, not a drop spilled. I picked an empty seat and sat down;a bowl of complimentary flower tea was brought over. Lifting the lid, the fragrance of jasmine mixed with steam rushed up to meet the face; taking a sip, the tongue was fragrant, the throat moist, and one's whole being felt refreshed. After resting my feet a while, I rose and walked deeper into the alley. Several old courtyards along the way hung signs reading "Free Admission"; I went in to look around — inside were displayed old-fashioned eight-immortal tables, carved flower beds, and old photographs. Though there were many visitors, there was no clamor — as if everyone was subdued by the charm of the old objects. At the corner of the alley there were also stalls selling "Three Big Cannons" and egg-baked cakes; I ordered one of each, eating as I walked. The glutinous rice balls were coated in soybean flour, the egg cakes sandwiched sesame and sugar — the sweet, sticky taste spread across the tongue, feeling more familiar than a proper meal
At the next table, a few young people were chatting animatedly, saying that this Kuanzhai Alley nowadays is "the negative of old Chengdu, the living room of new Chengdu" — a clever way of putting it. In the Wide Alley, those old gate towers, old courtyards, brick walls covered in green vines — these are the old lights and shadows developed from the negative; over in the Narrow Alley, creative shops, small bars, immersive theaters, crowded together, opening one after another — these are the new sights laid out in the living room. The Well Alley is the most distinctive:on one side an old wall, on the other new shops; into the wall are set old brick carvings and stone mills, while in the shops are displayed designer cloth bags and silver ornaments — old nestled against new, old connected to new, and one cannot tell which are more pleasing to the eye
Deep in the alley there was a small book bar, with a wooden sign hanging by the door reading,"Drink tea, read books, ask not east or west." Pushing the door open, the light inside was actually quite bright; bookshelves rose from floor to ceiling, stuffed full of old books. I casually pulled out a volume on old Chengdu folk customs, flipped to the chapter"Old Tales of Mancheng," which wrote about the daily life of old Chengdu people — walking birds, listening to opera, fighting crickets, lingering in teahouses — days spent leisurely yet refined. As I closed the book, suddenly from outside the window came a burst of Sichuan opera gongs and drums;a high-pitched voice soared up brightly, like a beam of light piercing through the grayish-blue clouds, swirling once above the alley, then descending again, melting into the fragrance of tea that filled the whole alley
From the Wide Alley I walked to the Narrow Alley, then turned from the Narrow Alley into the Well Alley — having walked all three lanes, I suddenly felt that the two characters"wide" and"narrow" originally were not speaking of the dimensions of the alley at all. Wide has its openness, narrow has its seclusion; in wide places there is bustle, in narrow places there is tranquility; within the wide is hidden the narrow, and within the narrow is connected the wide. Life, perhaps, is much the same — wide and narrow, rising and falling; walking on and on, it feels as if one has walked a single alley into a whole lifetime
As I left, the sun had already begun to tilt slightly westward, but the sky was still that same grayish-blue gray, the clouds had not dispersed, and the alley was still cool and refreshing. Turning back for one more look — green bricks, dark tiles, old trees, new branches; the city-building craftsmen of a hundred years ago, the common townsfolk of several decades past, today's travelers from north and south — all have walked across this same stretch of brick ground. The alley never asks where one comes from, and never asks where one is going; and everyone who walks in, likewise, merges into the everyday warmth of this alley
Return to TopBy: 戎章榕
On September 1, 2026, the renowned writer Malqinhu passed away at the age of 97. When I saw this news on my phone, I could not help but sigh that though the person has departed, his works endure forever. The melody of "Meeting at the Oboo," vast and melodious, once again rang in my ears. When China Writers Network introduced Malqinhu's literary achievements, it specifically mentioned the lyrics he wrote for "Meeting at the Oboo," and I have always had a special preference for (情有独钟, qing you du zhong - "feeling, have, uniquely, devoted") this song. Moreover, many years ago I visited the birthplace of this song — Bayan Hushuu Oboo Mountain.
Ten years ago, in July, I came to Bayan Hushuu Oboo Mountain. The vast grassland spread across the slopes and fields, with clear skies and fresh air (天朗气清, tian lang qi qing - "sky, bright, air, clear"), distant mountains tinged with dark blue, clear flowing water, and a huge stone upon which were carved the four large characters "Meeting at the Oboo," most eye-catching. It was from here that "Meeting at the Oboo" was sung across the whole country, and was later selected for the "100 Golden Songs of Chinese Cinema in 100 Years."
Bayan Hushuu Gacha belongs to Xiniha West Sumu, Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Both "Bayan Hushuu" and"Gacha" are Mongolian; the former means"rich hillside," and the latter is equivalent to an administrative village inland. Here dwell the Ewenki, Daur, and other ethnic groups. With its uniquely advantageous location, convenient transportation, plus beautiful scenery and abundant natural resources, it has been developed into the preeminent (首屈一指, shou qu yi zhi - "first, yield, one, finger") tourist attraction of the Ewenki Autonomous Banner.
The reason Malqinhu created the lyrics of "Meeting at the Oboo" must be told from the beginning. In 1951, at just 21 years old, Malqinhu wrote the short story "The People of the Horqin Grassland" based on a true story; in 1952, this short story was published as the lead article in the January issue of People's Literature, causing a sensation, and was subsequently adapted into the film "People on the Grassland," in which Malqinhu himself also participated in the screenwriting. To match the plot of the film, the director invited Malqinhu to write the lyrics for an interlude. Based on his own life experience on the grassland — familiar with grassland scenery, ethnic customs — he put pen to paper and wrote the first draft of the simple, heartfelt lyrics of "Meeting at the Oboo," which were later polished and refined by one of the screenwriters, Haimo, making the wording more concise and lively in style (简洁明快, jian jie ming kuai - "simple, concise, bright, fast") and full of agile poetic charm. The Daur musician Tongfu adapted and composed the music based on the Mongolian folk song "Han Xiuying," with a melody vast and melodious, highly distinctive of ethnic character.
"The fifteenth's moon has risen into the sky, oh, why is there no cloud beside it. I am waiting for the beautiful girl, oh, why have you not yet come, oh hey..." Whenever this song rings out, it seems to transport one into the boundless scenery of the thousand-li grassland, deeply empathizing with the beautiful love of grassland sons and daughters under the moonlight. After the film was released, "Meeting at the Oboo" quickly spread all over the country (大江南北, da jiang nan bei - "big, river, south, north"), becoming a shared memory for several generations. This is not merely the success of a song, but rather the crystallization of the fusion of grassland culture and the spirit of the times, witnessing Malqinhu's profound literary skill and artistic sentiment.
This trip also gave me a deeper understanding of this land. To my shame, when I had previously listened to this song, I had always thought that an oboo was a yurt, the dwelling place of nomadic grassland peoples. Only after stepping onto this vast grassland did I suddenly realize the truth (恍然大悟, huang ran da wu - "suddenly, realize, great, understand"): "Oboo" is a phonetic transliteration of Mongolian, meaning "stone pile" in Chinese, mostly built on mountaintops or along roadsides; it is a sacred symbol in the hearts of the Mongolian people, and also a landmark for herders on their journeys. When people travel far afield and pass by an oboo, they all dismount to pay homage, pray for safety, and add a few stones or a few handfuls of earth to the oboo before mounting up and continuing their journey. Sacrificing to the oboo is a traditional sacrificial custom of the Mongolian people, prevalent on the northern grasslands; the Ewenki, Daur, and other peoples also have the same sacrificial customs.
Bayan Hushuu Oboo Mountain is located in the Ewenki Autonomous Banner. According to local accounts, during the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, the ancestors of the Ewenki people followed ancient traditions and offered sacrifices to the oboo here. Year after year, generation after generation of grassland sons and daughters carried on this sacrificial tradition, praying that heaven, earth, and ancestors would protect the grassland with favorable weather for farming (风调雨顺, feng tiao yu shun - "wind, regulate, rain, smooth") and thriving people and livestock. The exterior scenes of the film "People on the Grassland" were not shot on the Horqin Grassland where the story took place, but rather at Bayan Hushuu Oboo Mountain, because here stands the largest oboo on the Ewenki grassland, which as visual art was more iconic. Thus, this song singing "I wait for my beloved" turned "Meeting at the Oboo" into the "sign" of romantic rendezvous in people's imagination. Throughout the entire lyrics, not a single character "love" (qing) or "love" (ai) appears, yet it became a love song well-known to everyone (家喻户晓, jia yu hu xiao - "family, know, household, aware"), and has also been praised by outsiders as the "Number One Love Song of the East."
In order to commemorate this film shot on location on the Ewenki grassland, and at the same time to honor the composer Tongfu, who grew up in the Ewenki Autonomous Banner, the Bayan Hushuu scenic area specially invited Malqinhu, the author of the original novel, to inscribe the words "Number One Oboo under Heaven," and also invited the contemporary calligraphy master Qi Gong to inscribe "Meeting at the Oboo."
Bayan Hushuu Oboo has been listed as a key cultural relic protection unit of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the custom of sacrificing to the oboo has been included in the first batch of the national intangible cultural heritage list. Over more than 70 years of the passage of time through the movement of stars (斗转星移, dou zhuan xing yi - "dipper, rotate, star, move"), the content of the film may gradually be faded by the years, but the film's interlude continues with endless and continuous vitality (生生不息, sheng sheng bu xi - "life, life, not, cease"). Malqinhu achieved outstanding accomplishments in the literary field and has been recorded in the annals of Chinese literature and art. This "Meeting at the Oboo," crossing mountains and seas, traversing time and space, has been passed down without decline. Whenever people sing "The fifteenth's moon has risen into the sky, oh...", it carries people's beautiful wishes that lovers will finally be united in marriage.
Return to Top