Summary: General Secretary Xi Jinping has issued important instructions on developing advanced manufacturing, emphasizing the need to "adhere to the direction of intelligent, green, and integrated development, and continue to make advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger." The article argues that advanced manufacturing is a key engine for cultivating new quality productive forces, a strategic support for safeguarding national industrial security, and a solid backbone for building a modern industrial system. It highlights China's achievements, including manufacturing added value ranking first globally for 16 consecutive years and the rise of 80 national advanced manufacturing clusters. The piece also acknowledges shortcomings in key core technologies and industrial chain resilience, calling for strengthened innovation, security, and structural optimization. The author is identified as the Dean of the China Center for Information Industry Development.
Summary: The article argues that advancing Party governance and self-supervision requires systematic thinking and scientific methods, citing General Secretary Xi Jinping's call for full coverage of content and targets, a complete chain of responsibilities, and full interconnection of institutions. It emphasizes managing both the "key minority" of leading cadres and the "vast majority" of Party members, while layering responsibilities among Party committees, discipline inspection commissions, and individual officials. The piece calls for improving organizational, educational, supervisory, institutional, and responsibility systems to institutionalize full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. The author is identified as the Secretary of the Party Committee of the School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision at Renmin University of China.
Summary: The article discusses General Secretary Xi Jinping's call for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party by combining high standards with holding the bottom line, emphasizing both guiding Party members toward goodness and upward striving while strictly defining disciplinary boundaries. It stresses that ideals and convictions are the lighthouse of career and life, and that wavering in them leads to mental lethargy, despondency, and eventual disciplinary violations. The piece highlights discipline as the "warning ruler" for governing the Party, citing Deng Xiaoping's view that a large country is united by ideals and discipline, and notes the Party's historical development of disciplinary rules since its founding. It argues that high standards and holding the bottom line are two complementary aspects, requiring both inner self-discipline and rigid organizational constraints, with violations resolutely punished to prevent the "broken window effect." The article concludes that on the new journey of building a modern socialist country, adhering to both is essential for uniting the Party's strength and maintaining popular support.
Summary: The article emphasizes the need to unswervingly implement "One Country, Two Systems," "Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong," "Macao people administering Macao," and a high degree of autonomy, supporting Hong Kong and Macao in integrating into national development. It also calls for deepening cross-strait exchanges, resolutely combating "Taiwan independence" separatist forces, and opposing interference by external forces to promote peaceful development and national reunification.
Summary: At the 26th Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized advocating universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, consolidating cooperation in traditional fields, and expanding cooperation in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, the digital economy, green industries, and green minerals. The Bishkek Declaration adopted at the meeting stated that member states will continue to implement the SCO Strategy for Economic Development until 2030, emphasizing deepening economic cooperation, expanding trade scale, maintaining stability of regional industrial and supply chains, improving cross-border e-commerce infrastructure, and reducing transaction costs. The article argues that SCO cooperation should upgrade from "market linkages" to "industrial linkages" by deepening the division of labor system, move from "hard connectivity" to "soft connectivity" by reducing institutional costs, and create new advantages by shifting from "comparative advantage" to "industrial synergy," which recombines resources, capital, technology, talent, and markets across countries. It concludes that comparative advantage determines the possibility of cooperation, transaction costs determine feasibility, and industrial synergy determines whether cooperation can generate additional gains, making this the important direction for the SCO to expand new space for cooperation.
Summary: The article discusses the evolution of China's industries from the "old three items" to the "new three items" and now the "new-new three items" of artificial intelligence, robotics, and innovative drugs, highlighting their role in building new industrial advantages. It emphasizes that independent innovation is shaping new competitive advantages, with domestic AI large models and humanoid robots achieving full-stack self-developed technology, and innovative drugs showing improved original innovation capability. The piece also notes that technology and services are opening new value appreciation spaces, with models like "model-as-a-service" and pay-per-utility billing becoming revenue sources. Industrial integration is reshaping R&D and production methods, blurring boundaries between innovation chain links and enabling parallel iteration. Finally, open collaboration is weaving a denser global innovation network, with China participating in joint R&D and standard-setting, such as initiating an international standard for embodied intelligence.
Summary: The article explains the "corridor economy," an economic form relying on comprehensive transportation corridors to promote factor flow, industrial coordination, and market connectivity, citing the recent opening of the Pinglu Canal as a key example. It traces the theoretical origins to point-axis development theory, including Lu Dadao's "T"-shaped spatial strategy, and notes policy support from the 15th Five-Year Plan outline. The piece argues the corridor economy reduces logistics costs, guides industrial layout, and promotes regional coordination and dual circulation, citing cost savings from China-Europe Railway Express and the Pinglu Canal. It acknowledges problems like emphasizing construction over operation and proposes strengthening "hard connectivity" through infrastructure and AI-era data and computing networks, alongside "soft connectivity" via institutional reforms and industrial agglomeration. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article discusses the legal mechanism for approving prosecution of minors aged twelve to fourteen who commit serious violent crimes, established under the Criminal Law Amendment (XI). It reports that in 2025 the Supreme People's Procuratorate approved prosecution of 24 such minors, and that the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued provisions refining the system's implementation. The author, identified as the Dean of the Institute of Juvenile Justice Studies at East China University of Political Science and Law, argues that approval decisions require careful vetting at every level and should balance protection of minors with punishment of malignant crimes. The piece emphasizes that determining "flagrant circumstances" must rely on scientific social investigation of the actor's background, not solely on consequences or public opinion, and calls for improving substantive review and social investigation mechanisms.
Summary: The article argues that traditional grassroots deliberation models, anchored in geography and household registration, fail to accommodate the mobile and online-based nature of new employment groups like delivery riders and livestream hosts, necessitating more pragmatic consultation platforms. It cites policy documents from the General Office of the Central Committee and the State Council, as well as 2025 guidelines from six departments including the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, that require normalized consultation mechanisms for these workers. The piece recommends building consultation platforms by category, such as "algorithm consultations" in Beijing and Shanghai and grassroots venues like "Rider Deliberation Hall" in Hangzhou, to address both policy-level and daily matters. It also stresses the need for normalized operation with fixed arrangements and resource safeguards, and advocates using digital tools to expand participation while retaining offline channels for workers unfamiliar with smart devices. The goal is to translate institutional requirements into operable governance practice, promoting joint contribution, joint governance, and shared benefits.
Summary: General Secretary Xi Jinping has issued important instructions on developing advanced manufacturing, emphasizing the need to "adhere to the direction of intelligent, green, and integrated development, and continue to make advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger." The article argues that advanced manufacturing is a key engine for cultivating new quality productive forces, a strategic support for safeguarding national industrial security, and a solid backbone for building a modern industrial system. It highlights China's achievements, including manufacturing added value ranking first globally for 16 consecutive years and the rise of 80 national advanced manufacturing clusters. The piece also acknowledges shortcomings in key core technologies and industrial chain resilience, calling for strengthened innovation, security, and structural optimization. The author is identified as the Dean of the China Center for Information Industry Development.
Summary: The article argues that advancing Party governance and self-supervision requires systematic thinking and scientific methods, citing General Secretary Xi Jinping's call for full coverage of content and targets, a complete chain of responsibilities, and full interconnection of institutions. It emphasizes managing both the "key minority" of leading cadres and the "vast majority" of Party members, while layering responsibilities among Party committees, discipline inspection commissions, and individual officials. The piece calls for improving organizational, educational, supervisory, institutional, and responsibility systems to institutionalize full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. The author is identified as the Secretary of the Party Committee of the School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision at Renmin University of China.
Summary: The article outlines how China COSCO Shipping Group contributes to building a maritime community with a shared future, a concept rooted in Xi Jinping's vision of oceans connecting humanity. It highlights the shipping industry's role in global trade, with COSCO Shipping implementing the four major global initiatives—Development, Security, Civilization, and Governance—through Belt and Road projects like Piraeus Port and Chancay Port. The piece acknowledges challenges, including geopolitical conflicts disrupting maritime corridors and gaps in green, low-carbon, and high-end service capabilities. COSCO Shipping is reported to enhance corridor networks, promote digital and green shipping standards, and engage in international rule-making to strengthen global governance. The summary focuses on the enterprise's stated actions and strategic direction, without referencing the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article discusses Guangzhou's urban village renovation, highlighting a shift from a "market-led" model to a "government-led, law-based expropriation, and clean land conveyance" approach, with over 50 projects now underway. It reports that in the first 8 months of 2026, newly started resettlement housing increased by 21% year-on-year, and completed fixed-asset investment from such transformation grew 45%. The piece details measures like house-voucher resettlement and the construction of government-subsidized rental housing, including 17,000 units raised since 2024, to support new citizens and youth. It also outlines institutional innovations, such as the "Regulations of Guangzhou Municipality on Urban Village Transformation" and a "1+N+X" policy system, with differentiated strategies for demolition, renovation, and preservation. The article concludes by anchoring goals to complete key-area transformations by 2030 and citywide by 2035, emphasizing long-term balance through population and industry revenues.
Summary: The Party Committee of Huadian Xinzhou Guangyu Coal Power Co., Ltd. has implemented a working mechanism whereby Party organization secretaries take the lead in tackling key difficulties, focusing on key links of topic selection, coordinated tackling, and closed-loop verification, to transform the Party organization's political and organizational advantages into enterprise development momentum. Precisely selecting topics through a two-way linkage of central group study and frontline investigation, Party branches excavate pain points and independently declare tackling-difficulty topics, with the Party Building Department standardizing project establishment. Jointly tackling difficulties, seven secretary-led projects and seven Party member tackling-difficulty groups have been established, achieving counter-trend profit rises, safe unit starts and stops, and a 163-day heating supply guarantee task. Closed-loop verification of results is ensured through organizational, mechanism, and incentive guarantees, linking tackling-difficulty results with performance assessment.
By: 张立
General Secretary Xi Jinping has issued important instructions on developing advanced manufacturing, emphasizing that we must "adhere to the direction of intelligent, green, and integrated development, and continue to make advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions have pointed out the direction, path, and key tasks for the development of advanced manufacturing, possessing strong strategic significance, guiding value, and targeted relevance, providing a fundamental guideline for developing advanced manufacturing and accelerating the building of a manufacturing power. We must deeply understand the major strategic significance of developing advanced manufacturing and take multiple measures simultaneously to promote the growth of advanced manufacturing in both scale and strength.
Grasp the Logic of the Times and Fully Understand the Major Strategic Significance of Making Advanced Manufacturing Bigger and Stronger
At present, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, and the focus of competition among major powers is increasingly concentrating on the fields of science, technology, and industry. Based on the era background where the century-long transformation and the technological revolution converge, making advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger has major practical significance for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.
Advanced manufacturing is a key engine for following the trends of technological revolution and industrial transformation and for cultivating and forming new quality productive forces. The industrial revolution has gone through mechanization and electrification, and is now evolving toward informatization and intelligence. Disruptive technological innovations time and again have brought about the liberation of social productive forces. At present, frontier technologies such as artificial intelligence continue to achieve breakthroughs, and the speed of technological iteration, the breadth of industrial penetration, and the depth of business model innovation continue to improve. Social productive forces will be raised once again, and labor productivity will leap once again. Advanced manufacturing possesses prominent advantages such as high technological intensity, rapid innovation and iteration, strong value-creation capability, and diverse and rich application scenarios, making it a key engine that empowers the implementation of new quality productive forces. Compared with previous industrial revolutions, in this wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation, China possesses a solid industrial foundation and has sufficient confidence to lead the development of advanced manufacturing. Making advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger can seize development opportunities, continuously drive collaborative innovation across the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, promote all-round innovation in production models, industrial structures, and supply systems, activate new momentum for high-quality development, and cultivate and strengthen new quality productive forces.
Advanced manufacturing is the strategic support for safeguarding national industrial security and enhancing global industrial competitiveness. At present, global competition in science, technology, and industry is becoming increasingly fierce, the global industrial chain and supply chain landscape is accelerating its restructuring, the risk of "decoupling and severing supply chains" in key core fields continues to rise, and the external uncertainty and instability facing China's industrial development have increased significantly. Advanced manufacturing is a concentrated embodiment of a country's industrial hard power and is also a key barrier for consolidating national economic security. Historical experience has repeatedly proven that without an independent, controllable, strong, and complete advanced manufacturing system, national economic security will lack solid support. Continuously making advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger can precisely break through technical bottlenecks in key fields, shore up shortcomings in the industrial foundation, effectively enhance the ability of the industrial chain and supply chain to resist risks and withstand shocks, and firmly hold the basic foundation of industrial security. At the same time, global industrial competition has long surpassed the contest of single-product cost-effectiveness and has escalated into an all-round, deep-level contest of technological paradigms, industry standards, and industrial ecosystems. Relying on the leading role of advanced manufacturing, we can comprehensively shape new advantages for China's participation in the global division of labor and competition, and consolidate China's important position in the global industrial landscape.
Advanced manufacturing is the solid backbone for building a modern industrial system and consolidating the foundation for development. Looking back at the course of global industrial development, the strength of the manufacturing industry determines a country's economic hard power. Developed countries such as the United States, Germany, and Japan have all established their status as manufacturing powers by relying on the development of advanced manufacturing. Advanced manufacturing drives breakthroughs in upstream industrial foundation fields such as components, materials, and industrial software, empowers the development of downstream terminal industries such as equipment and consumer goods, and drives the quality improvement and upgrading of other industries such as agriculture and services horizontally, forming a closely linked and interconnected industrial ecosystem and occupying a backbone and hub position in the modern economic system. For China, comprehensively advancing socialist modernization and solidly promoting common prosperity cannot be achieved without advanced manufacturing consolidating the material and economic foundation. Relying on the advantages of the super-large domestic market, continuously making advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger can effectively smooth all links of production, distribution, circulation, and consumption, consolidate the dominant position of the domestic economic cycle, precisely adapt to market upgrading demands, and continuously meet the people's ever-growing needs for a better life.
Look Back on the Course of Endeavor and Systematically Summarize the Important Achievements of Advanced Manufacturing
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has deeply advanced the building of a manufacturing power, and the development of advanced manufacturing has achieved important accomplishments, already standing at a new historical starting point.
The scale advantage has become more consolidated. The added value of China's manufacturing industry has ranked first in the world for 16 consecutive years, growing from 26.5 trillion yuan in 2020 to 34.7 trillion yuan in 2025, occupying a position of great importance and influence in the global manufacturing landscape. From 2015 to 2025, the proportion of added value of high-tech manufacturing in the added value of industries above designated size increased from 11.8 percent to 17.1 percent, and the proportion of added value of equipment manufacturing in the added value of industries above designated size increased from 31.8 percent to 36.8 percent. The scale of emerging industries continues to expand. The production and sales of new energy vehicles have ranked first in the world for many years, forming a complete, independent, and controllable industrial chain and achieving rapid progress through a new technological paradigm in the industry. Green new energy industries such as photovoltaics and lithium batteries have formed global competitive advantages, and the level of independent and controllable industrial chains continues to improve. The transformation and upgrading of traditional industries is being accelerated, continuously climbing toward the middle and high end of the value chain. Advanced manufacturing and modern services are deeply integrated, new models of service-oriented manufacturing are flourishing, and new business forms such as industrial design, general contracting and general integration, and remote operation and maintenance continue to grow.
Innovation momentum continues to surge. A large number of key core technology research breakthroughs have been achieved in the field of advanced manufacturing, realizing a leap from following to running alongside, and taking the lead in some fields. These technologies are not just single-point breakthroughs in the laboratory, but also present a favorable trend of "breakthroughs at key points, transformation along the chain." High-energy innovation platforms such as national key laboratories, manufacturing innovation centers, and original technology source sites are being accelerated in their layout. Research mechanisms such as "posting the challenge and calling for bids" and "horse racing system" are continuously improved, clearing the bottlenecks from basic research, technology research, to industrial application. Advanced manufacturing industries such as rail transit equipment, high-tech ships, and new energy equipment have formed globally leading advantages. The CR450 high-speed EMU has completed full-vehicle testing, domestically produced large cruise ships have achieved batch delivery, and large hydropower and nuclear power equipment have gone overseas. Technological iteration in frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, high-end equipment, and bio-manufacturing is accelerating, and the results of industrial application are becoming increasingly prominent. The quantum computing prototype "Jiuzhang-4" has refreshed the world record in photonic quantum information technology, the world's first invasive brain-computer interface medical device has been approved for market, and the global cumulative downloads of open-source large language models in artificial intelligence have exceeded 10 billion.
Industrial clusters are rising rapidly. China has vigorously cultivated advanced manufacturing clusters, and 80 national advanced manufacturing clusters continue to grow and strengthen, covering key fields such as the new generation of information technology, high-end equipment, new energy, and new materials. According to the 2025 Global Innovation Index Report, 24 clusters in China have entered the world's top 100, ranking first in the world in number for three consecutive years. The competitiveness of advanced manufacturing cannot be separated from the support of industrial clusters, nor can it be separated from vibrant business entities. Leading enterprises play a role in integrating and driving the industrial chain, achieving significant progress in technology research and development, global layout, and brand building. A large number of small and medium-sized enterprises are deeply engaged in segmented tracks, focusing on key components and specialized materials, overcoming technical difficulties in segmented fields, and have become an indispensable key force in advanced manufacturing. Large, medium, and small enterprises coordinate and support each other, with upstream and downstream integrated development, forming a highly vibrant industrial ecosystem that together constitutes the hard-core support for the vigorous development of China's advanced manufacturing.
While fully affirming the achievements, we must also clearly recognize that the development of China's advanced manufacturing still faces many shortcomings and weaknesses. There are still shortcomings in key core technologies, and some underlying basic technologies, industrial software, and high-end materials are constrained by external supply; some industries are large but not strong, and there is still much room for improvement in quality and efficiency; regional industrial coordinated development needs to be strengthened, and there is a phenomenon of homogeneous competition in some areas; the risk of relocation of some links in key industrial chains cannot be ignored, and there is still room for improvement in industrial governance capacity and industrial ecosystem building. We must maintain strategic focus, strengthen confidence, brave difficulties and forge ahead, treat making advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger as a key task, and provide strong support for building a manufacturing power.
Gather Strength to Tackle Key Difficulties and Strive to Promote the Quality Improvement and Leapfrog Development of Advanced Manufacturing
Developing advanced manufacturing is both a major task entrusted by the times and a strategic choice for us to win future competition. Anchoring on the goal of basically realizing new industrialization by 2035, based on China's industrial reality, adhering to a problem-oriented approach and systematic policy implementation, we will comprehensively enhance the competitiveness of advanced manufacturing.
Strengthen the leading role of innovation and consolidate the technological foundation of advanced manufacturing. Strengthen the principal position of enterprises in innovation, improve an innovation system led by enterprises with deep collaboration among industry, academia, research, and application, focus on fields such as industrial mother machines, high-end chips, and key materials, promote the industrial application of more frontier technologies, continuously shore up shortcomings in underlying technologies, and inject source momentum into the development of advanced manufacturing. Open up the full-chain transformation channel from basic research, technological breakthroughs to industrial application, and build a number of major scientific and technological innovation platforms at a high level. In response to the demand for pilot-scale testing services, build application scenarios and test environments, enhance full-chain service capabilities, and improve the level of transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.
Build a solid security defense line and enhance the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain. Promote the high-quality development of key industrial chains in the manufacturing industry, systematically sort out the shortcomings and weaknesses of each industrial chain, and support the coordination of whole-machine and component enterprises in carrying out technological research. Accelerate the advancement of the industrial foundation, and continuously tackle common basic links such as basic components and basic processes. Encourage downstream leading enterprises to provide opportunities for trial use and first use, and promote the accelerated verification, improvement, and iterative upgrading of weak links. Continuously forge existing long-board advantages, clarify key competitive links, carry out forward-looking layout and basic scientific breakthroughs, and consolidate the leading position.
Optimize the industrial structure and coordinate the upgrading of existing stock with the cultivation of increments. Do a good job in the major task of transforming and upgrading traditional industries, guide traditional industries to improve process technology, optimize product structure, open up a second growth curve, and climb toward the high end of the value chain. Seize the opportunities of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, strengthen emerging industries, vigorously promote scenario cultivation and opening, drive technological iteration and business model innovation, and cultivate a number of new pillar industries. Make forward-looking arrangements for future industries, encourage exploration of multiple technology routes, and continuously expand the innovation frontier of advanced manufacturing. Give full play to the scenario-driving role of the large domestic market, develop new quality productive forces in light of local conditions, avoid regional homogeneous competition, and cultivate more new growth poles for industry.
Develop advanced manufacturing and coordinately promote intelligent and green transformation. Promote the two-way empowerment of digitalization and greening, and drive the overall leap of the manufacturing industry with the dual engines of intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing. Seize the opportunity of artificial intelligence empowering the real economy, actively develop "AI + manufacturing," make breakthroughs in key technologies and products such as industrial large models and intelligent agents, promote the construction of intelligent factories in a classified and orderly manner, and improve new infrastructure. Anchor on the goal of industrial carbon peak, promote the green and low-carbon development of the manufacturing industry, promote advanced green manufacturing processes and circular production models, and enhance the supply capacity of green and low-carbon products and energy-saving and environmental protection equipment.
Stimulate enterprise vitality and build a sound industrial ecosystem with leading enterprises taking the lead and specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative enterprises providing support. Give play to the role of leading enterprises in integrating and driving the industrial chain, enhance global competitiveness and voice, and realize the integrated development of large, medium, and small enterprises. Increase support for specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative enterprises, guide small and medium-sized enterprises to deeply cultivate segmented tracks, and enhance professional capabilities. Create a fair and orderly industrial development environment, improve the standard system, policy guarantees, and public service system, promote the efficient allocation of factor resources, and create a fair, orderly, and vibrant industrial ecosystem.
(The author is the Dean of the China Center for Information Industry Development)
Return to TopBy: 张晓萌
Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party is an important experience of Party governance and self-supervision in the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Use systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party so that the content is fully covered, the targets are fully covered, the responsibilities form a complete chain, and the institutions are fully interconnected, further improving a full and rigorous self-governance of the Party system with complete elements, complete functions, scientific standards, and efficient operation." On the new journey, we must thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, persevering and unremitting (持之以恒, chizhi yihang - "hold fast, persevere") in using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party, unite and lead the whole Party to govern the Party well and build it strong, and provide a strong guarantee for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization.
Adhere to full coverage of content, full coverage of targets, a complete chain of responsibilities, and full interconnection of institutions
Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is a comprehensive and deep-level self-revolution. The governance and self-supervision of the Party involves multiple subjects, numerous governance contents, and broad coverage at all levels. Only when all subjects, fields, and links coordinate with each other and advance as one can strength be gathered into momentum. For full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, the foundation lies in comprehensiveness, the key lies in rigor, and the crux lies in governance. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that Party building in the new era is a systematic project in which Party political building takes the lead and all other Party building efforts work in the same direction and combine their forces. To ensure the correct exercise and standardized operation of power and to improve the Party's governing capacity and leadership level, it is necessary to truly achieve that wherever the cause of the Party and the state develops, Party building covers it. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires starting from the four aspects of content, targets, responsibilities, and institutions, achieving smooth connection between all elements and links of Party governance and self-supervision, and truly governing the whole Party and supervising the whole Party.
Adhere to full coverage of content. Advancing the governance and self-supervision of the Party covers many aspects, including Party political building, ideological building, organizational building, work-style building, discipline building, as well as institutional building and the fight against corruption. Only when these cooperate with each other and are coordinated and coherent can they be tightly integrated and combined into strength. Party building in the new era should pay more attention to the systematic integration of Party governance and self-supervision, take Party political building as the lead, comprehensively advance all aspects of Party building, advance in unison the efforts to ensure that officials do not have the audacity, the opportunity, or the desire to be corrupt, and form a joint force for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Practice has proven that adhering to using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party has achieved comprehensive strengthening of the Party's leadership, comprehensive consolidation of the foundation of ideals and convictions, comprehensive excellence of Party organizations at all levels, comprehensive strictness of disciplinary constraints, comprehensive advancement of institutional building, and an overwhelming victory in the fight against corruption that has been consolidated comprehensively, providing overall and stable guarantees for Party governance and self-supervision.
Adhere to full coverage of targets. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires, in terms of targets, covering all Party organizations at all levels and all Party members, leaving no dead corners or blank spaces. Leading cadres, as the "key minority," are the subjects of responsibility for Party governance and self-supervision, and their every word and action has a demonstration effect. The broad masses of Party members, as the "vast majority," constitute the body of the Party, and the Party's advanced nature and purity must be embodied by every Party member. Only by managing the "vast majority" well can full coverage of targets in Party governance and self-supervision be truly achieved. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires combining the "theory of two points" with the "theory of key points," unifying the grasping of the "key minority" with the management of the "vast majority," both putting forward universal requirements for the broad masses of Party members and setting higher and stricter standards for the "key minority," especially senior leading cadres. Through grasping the "key minority" to give play to the leading and exemplary role, and through managing the "vast majority" to achieve comprehensive strictness, the systematic effectiveness of Party governance and self-supervision is enhanced.
Adhere to a complete chain of responsibilities. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "The responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision include primary responsibility, supervisory responsibility, the responsibility of the first responsible person, and the 'dual responsibilities for one post,' among others. These constitute a complete chain of responsibilities. Every kind of responsibility is important and must be strictly implemented and cannot be dealt with perfunctorily." Party committees (Party groups) at all levels are the leaders, executors, and promoters of Party governance and self-supervision, and bear the primary responsibility in full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Discipline inspection commissions are the specialized organs for intra-Party supervision, perform the duties of supervision, discipline enforcement, and accountability, and bear supervisory responsibility for Party governance and self-supervision. Secretaries of Party committees (Party groups), as principal leading cadres, are the key to implementing responsibilities, and must be secretaries who govern and supervise the Party and serve well as the first responsible person. Other members of the leading bodies of Party committees (Party groups) bear important leadership responsibilities and must, in accordance with the requirements of the "dual responsibilities for one post," combined with the division of duties and tasks, lead, inspect, and supervise the full and rigorous self-governance of the Party in the departments and units under their charge. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires layering and classifying the responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision, forming a responsibility implementation mechanism of joint efforts by various parties to manage something (齐抓共管, qizhua gongguan - "grasp together, manage together").
Adhere to full interconnection of institutions. Laws, regulations, and institutions are fundamental, overall, stable, and long-term in nature. The general requirements for Party building in the new era clearly stipulate that whether strengthening political building, ideological building, organizational building, work-style building, or discipline building, or carrying out the fight against corruption, institutional building must run through all of them, so that all aspects of Party building are regulated through institutions, advanced through institutions, consolidated through institutions, and improved through institutions. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to a problem-oriented approach, and in response to prominent problems such as impure ideology, impure politics, impure organization, and impure work style within the Party, has vigorously promoted establishing rules and systems (建章立制, jianzhang lizhi - "establish rules, set up systems"), forming a relatively complete system of intra-Party regulations with the Party Constitution as the foundation, democratic centralism as the core, and the Party's organizational regulations, Party leadership regulations, Party self-building regulations, and Party supervision and guarantee regulations as the framework, providing a solid regulatory and institutional guarantee for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires embodying the requirements of institutional building in the entire process, all aspects, and all levels of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, achieving full interconnection of institutions in full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, and truly realizing institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party in accordance with regulations.
Taking the improvement of the system for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party as an effective path, promote the implementation of responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision
Entering the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core incorporated full and rigorous self-governance of the Party into the the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy (四个全面) strategic layout, put forward the general requirements for Party building in the new era, built a system for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, and made systematic plans for Party governance and self-supervision from the overall height of the Party and the state. On the new journey, we must take Xi Jinping's thought on Party building as the guide, uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership and the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, improve the responsibility pattern for Party governance and self-supervision in which each bears its own responsibility and all are unified and coordinated, use systematic thinking and scientific methods, and implement the requirements of comprehensiveness, the tone of strictness, and the concept of governance into the construction of the system for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, continuously raising the level of institutionalization, standardization, and scientificization, so that all work of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party better reflects the characteristics of the times, grasps the laws of development, and is full of creativity.
Improve the organizational system that is connected from top to bottom and effective in execution. A rigorous organizational system is where the Party's advantages and strength lie. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires consciously enhancing the Four Consciousnesses (四个意识), strengthening the Four Confidences (四个自信), and achieving the Two Upholds (两个维护), improving the various systems for firmly upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, promptly discovering and solving the problems of "roadblock tigers," "midway obstructions," and "dead-end roads," and safeguarding the Party's unity and solidarity with unified will and action. Establish a clear orientation of vigorously grasping the grassroots, continuously rectify weak and lax grassroots Party organizations, effectively improve the ability of grassroots Party organizations to lead grassroots governance, and promote Party organizations at all levels and in all fields to make comprehensive progress and become comprehensively excellent. Actively adapt to the profound changes in the economy and society, explore and strengthen Party building work in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups, strictly implement the responsibility for Party building in emerging fields, and achieve that wherever the cause of the Party and the state develops, Party building advances there, and Party governance and self-supervision follows there.
Improve the education system that consolidates the foundation, nourishes the roots, and unifies people's will and strengthens their spirit (凝心铸魂, ningxin zhuhun - "condense heart, cast soul"). Maturity in theory is the foundation of maturity in politics, and firmness in politics stems from sobriety in theory. Only by mastering scientific theory and consolidating the ideological foundation can full and rigorous self-governance of the Party have solid support. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, our Party has taken theoretical study as the main line, successively carried out centralized education within the Party, effectively raised the Marxist level of the whole Party, and effectively promoted the unity of the whole Party politically, ideologically, and in action. Unremittingly use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to unify people's will and strengthen their spirit, persevering and unremitting in strengthening Party spirit education, guiding the broad masses of Party members and cadres to continuously improve their political judgment, political understanding, and political execution, and consolidating political firmness with theoretical sobriety. Continuously innovate the methods and means of theoretical arming, achieving the combination of regular education and centralized education, the combination of theoretical arming and practical application, and the combination of strengthening Party spirit and enhancing abilities, and transforming the strategic policy of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party into conscious action.
Improve the supervision system that makes precise efforts and addresses both symptoms and root causes simultaneously (标本兼治, biaoben jianzhi - "treat symptoms, treat root cause"). Advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party emphasizes genuine management and genuine strictness, and must adhere to systematic thinking and scientific methods to achieve all-round, whole-process, and full-cycle strict governance. Adhere to grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, combining treating illness with strengthening the body, improving the Party member management mechanism, improving the mechanism for strictly managing and supervising cadres, and educating and guiding Party members and cadres to temper strong Party spirit, tempering or honing through hardship (砥砺, dili - "grind, polish") excellent work style, and know discipline, understand discipline, and abide by discipline. Continuously deepen the reform of the Party and state supervision system, take intra-Party supervision as the leading force, promote the integration of various supervisory forces and the integration of work, improve the supervision system under the unified leadership of the Party with comprehensive coverage and authoritative and efficient operation, eliminate the vacuum zones of power supervision, and ensure that power always operates on the track of the rule of law. Give full play to the Party's theoretical advantages, political advantages, organizational advantages, institutional advantages, and the advantage of close ties with the masses, improve the working mechanism for advancing in unison the efforts to ensure that officials do not have the audacity, the opportunity, or the desire to be corrupt, and strive to eradicate the soil and conditions for the breeding of corruption.
Improve the institutional system that is scientifically complete and effective and practical. Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is highly political and principled, and must be regulated by a set of scientifically complete institutions. Institutional building should follow systematic thinking and scientific methods, be compatible with the needs of Party governance and self-supervision, be matched with all aspects of Party building, and run through the entire cycle and all links of Party building. Continuously improve the system of intra-Party regulations and institutions, do a good job in top-level design, filling gaps and leaks, and improving quality and efficiency, avoid phenomena such as mutual separation, mutual restraint, and fragmentation, and use institutions to promote the interconnection and linkage of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Adhere to the organic unity of law-based governance and governance of the Party in accordance with regulations, coordinate the use of the "two rulers" of discipline and law, promote the connection of discipline enforcement and law enforcement, and strive to form a pattern in which national laws and regulations and intra-Party regulations and institutions complement each other, promote each other, and guarantee each other, ensuring that the Party both governs the country in accordance with the Constitution and laws and governs and strictly supervises the Party in accordance with intra-Party regulations.
Improve the responsibility system with clear subjects and clear requirements. Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party requires enhancing the awareness of Party governance and self-supervision and implementing the responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision. Adhere to systematic thinking and scientific methods, establish and improve the responsibility system for Party governance and self-supervision, and promote Party organizations at all levels and the broad masses of Party members and cadres to know responsibilities, bear responsibilities, and fulfill responsibilities by clarifying and compacting responsibilities. Strengthen the primary responsibility and supervisory responsibility for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, compact the primary responsibility of Party committees (Party groups) at all levels for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party and the supervisory responsibility of discipline inspection commissions at all levels, promote secretaries of Party committees (Party groups) at all levels to shoulder the responsibility of the first responsible person and members of leading bodies to truly bear the "dual responsibilities for one post," and establish a chain of responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision that is transmitted layer by layer and linked link by link. Leading cadres at all levels, especially the "top leaders," must firmly establish the concept that "doing Party building well is one's duty, not doing Party building is dereliction of duty, and doing Party building poorly is incompetence," and with the political loyalty of loving the Party, worrying about the Party, protecting the Party, and revitalizing the Party, be strict with themselves, strictly bear their own responsibilities, and strictly manage what is under their jurisdiction, promoting the comprehensive implementation of responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision.
(The author is the Secretary of the Party Committee of the School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision, Renmin University of China)
Return to TopBy: 代江波
Our Party is a Marxist political party organized with revolutionary ideals and iron discipline. Firm conviction and strict discipline are the Party's fine traditions, political strengths, and source of strength. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that full and rigorous self-governance of the Party must "adhere to the combination of upholding high standards and holding the bottom line. We must not only pay attention to standardizing punishment and strictly defining the disciplinary bottom line, but also, more importantly, guide people toward goodness and upward striving, uphold the spiritual pursuit of Communists, and build a solid ideological and moral defense line against corruption and degeneration." This important exposition educates and guides Party members and leading cadres to adhere to the combination of self-discipline and heteronomy, and of high standards and holding the bottom line; to consciously strive toward the high standard of ideals and convictions; and at the same time, to take Party discipline as the yardstick, enabling Party members and leading cadres to know reverence, maintain caution, and hold the bottom line.
Ideals and convictions are the lighthouse of career and life, determining the direction and stance of Party members and leading cadres in undertaking work and starting businesses, and also determining their words and actions. For Communists, only by striving toward the high standard of ideals and convictions and upholding the spiritual pursuit of Communists can they fundamentally and durably build a solid ideological defense line. The slide of ideals is the most fatal slide; the wavering of conviction is the most dangerous wavering. If Party members and leading cadres waver in their ideals and convictions, they will become mentally lethargic (精神懈怠, jīng shén xiè tài - "spirit, slack, lazy") and lose their will or become despondent (意志消沉, yì zhì xiāo chén - "will, sink, depressed"), weaken their concept of the Party, disregard Party discipline, and ultimately slide into disciplinary violations or even illegality. Practice has proven that when some Party members and leading cadres have problems, in the final analysis it is because of confused beliefs and lost spirit; their hearts have lost the "ballast stone," and their spirit has contracted "soft bone disease." Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party must strengthen the fundamental basis (立根固本, lì gēn gù běn - "establish, root, consolidate, foundation"), adhere to high standards in nourishing the foundation, consolidating the root, and shaping the soul, and educate and guide Party members and leading cadres to establish ideals, convictions, and purposes and put them to the fore, leading the behavioral self-discipline of abiding by rules and regulations with the ideological self-awareness of striving toward goodness and upward.
Discipline is the "warning ruler" for governing the Party and managing the Party, and is the code of conduct that all Party organizations at all levels and all Party members must observe. Holding the bottom line marks the boundary of the code of conduct for Party members and leading cadres; whoever crosses the disciplinary bottom line must be severely punished. Strict discipline is an important feature distinguishing Marxist political parties from all other political parties, and is also the success code running through our Party's more than one hundred years of struggle history. Every leap forward in the Party's cause must first be preceded by the further strictness of discipline. Deng Xiaoping once pointed out, "For a country as large as ours, how can it be united and organized? First, by ideals; second, by discipline." Since its founding, our Party has attached great importance to discipline building. The first Party Constitution adopted at the Second National Congress of the Party established a special chapter on discipline, and thereafter formed disciplinary rules such as the "Three Main Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention," which have been continuously enriched and improved in practice, providing a solid guarantee for ensuring that our Party always remains a strong leading core. Since the new era, our Party has formulated and revised intra-Party regulations such as the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Action, transforming disciplinary requirements into the conscious actions of the broad ranks of Party members and leading cadres to be alerted, to know reverence, and to hold the bottom line.
"Goodness alone is not enough to govern; law alone cannot implement itself." Discipline is codified morality; morality is inner discipline. Only with high-standard ideals, convictions, and moral norms, and with value guidance stimulating inner self-awareness, can inner self-discipline be stimulated — this is the necessary premise and foundation for holding the bottom line; only with the Party disciplinary constraints of holding the bottom line, and with disciplinary rules providing rigid constraints and compulsory impetus, can there be a strong backing and guarantee for pursuing high standards, and can the boundaries of behavior be clarified. High standards and holding the bottom line are two important aspects of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, realizing the "broad-spectrum" governance of Party members and leading cadres from thought to behavior, and the sublimation and leap of governing the Party and managing the Party from "governance" to "construction." Adhering to the combination of high standards and holding the bottom line requires both the conscious practice of Party members and leading cadres and strict organizational management and supervision. Party members and leading cadres must consciously use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to unify minds and forge the spirit (凝心铸魂, níng xīn zhù hún - "congeal, heart, cast, soul"), build a solid foundation of faith, replenish the calcium of spirit, and steady the rudder of thought, forging an indestructible body or spirit (金刚不坏之身, jīn gāng bù huài zhī shēn - "diamond, not, broken, particle, body"). At the same time, taking Party discipline as the warning ruler, let iron rules take effect and prohibitions carry authority; for those who violate discipline and regulations, who step on the "red line," cross the "bottom line," or breach the "minefield" of undermining laws, regulations, and systems, resolutely and seriously investigate and punish them — not breaking rules because of great power, not tolerating because problems are minor, not letting things go because many have violated, leaving no "hidden doors" and opening no "skylights," and resolutely preventing the "broken window effect."
Adhering to high standards is the most effective way to hold the bottom line; holding the bottom line is the most basic premise for adhering to high standards. On the new journey, comprehensively building a modern socialist country and comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation are arduous and heavy tasks, placing new and higher demands on Party building. The more grand the goal, the more necessary it is to clarify the direction of struggle and obtain the source of motivation in adhering to high standards, to strengthen self-restraint and build a solid dike against corruption in holding the bottom line, and to unite the mighty force of united struggle with firm ideals and convictions and strict discipline and rules, so that our Party always wins the support of the people and walks at the forefront of the times.
Return to TopWe must unswerving and steadfastly (坚定不移, jian ding bu yi - "firm, steadfast, not, move") implement the principles of "One Country, Two Systems," "Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong," "Macao people administering Macao," and a high degree of autonomy, and support Hong Kong and Macao in better integrating into and serving the overall development of the country, maintaining long-term prosperity and stability. We must deepen cross-strait exchanges and cooperation, resolutely combat "Taiwan independence" separatist forces, oppose interference by external forces, promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, and advance the great cause of national reunification.
Return to TopBy: 杨振
At the 26th Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "we should advocate universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, consolidate cooperation in traditional fields such as trade and investment, connectivity, and energy resources, expand cooperation in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, the digital economy, green industries, and green minerals, and promote regional cooperation making progress in a substantive and thorough manner (走深走实, zou shen zou shi - "walk, deep, walk, solid") and upgrading in quality." The Bishkek Declaration adopted at this meeting also stated that member states will continue to implement the SCO Strategy for Economic Development until 2030, emphasized deepening economic cooperation and expanding the scale of trade, and proposed a series of measures such as maintaining the stability of regional industrial and supply chains, improving cross-border e-commerce infrastructure, and reducing transaction costs. These measures indicate that the SCO is placing greater emphasis on unleashing cooperation potential and expanding new space for cooperation through industrial synergy.
Deepening the division of labor system: upgrading from "market linkages" to "industrial linkages"
Differences in development stages, resource endowments, and industrial bases among countries provide the foundation for cross-regional industrial division of labor. SCO member states have strong complementarity: some countries are rich in resources and energy, some have strong manufacturing and industrial supporting capabilities, and still others have their own distinctive features in agriculture, the digital economy, or specific industrial sectors. This difference means that if regions can form a reasonable specialized division of labor based on their respective comparative advantages, different countries can obtain benefits through exchange and cooperation that would be difficult to achieve through independent production alone.
However, it should be noted that comparative advantage only provides the "possibility" of cooperation. One country has an energy advantage, another has a manufacturing advantage, and there is indeed space for cooperation between the two. But if energy is only exported in the form of primary products and manufacturing only independently produces its own products, then this complementary advantage is mainly reflected in commodity exchange, and the deep linkages between industries remain limited. If the energy advantage is brought into the manufacturing process, while manufacturing capacity is introduced into the resource development process, and logistics, finance, and other elements are jointly embedded in the industrial chain, the comparative advantages of different countries can be organized into the same production system, and regional cooperation will undergo a significant transformation. This is precisely the high-level regional cooperation to which the SCO is anchored.
Past international regional cooperation mainly addressed the question of "what each side has and what the two sides exchange," while the deepening of the industrial division of labor addresses the question of "how industrial chains can coordinate." As a result, regional cooperation no longer forms merely simple trade relations. Cooperation that previously took commodity exchange as its main form further extends to the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, enabling resources, capital, technology, markets, and other different advantages to be recombined on a larger scale. Therefore, in evaluating the level of international regional economic cooperation, one cannot only look at trade volume; one should also observe whether industrial chains have become closer and whether a trustworthy industrial collaboration network has formed among different countries.
Deepening SCO economic cooperation requires further advancing the deepening of the industrial division of labor system. The expansion of trade scale behind it reflects the enhancement of "market linkages," while the deepening of the division of labor system means the elevation of "industrial linkages." In recent years, SCO economic cooperation has gradually expanded from fields such as energy, transportation, and trade to industry, investment, scientific and technological innovation, and the digital economy. This is in fact further transforming the resource differences and comparative advantages among member states into space for specialized division of labor and industrial collaboration.
Reducing institutional costs: moving from "hard connectivity" to "soft connectivity"
Comparative advantage is the foundation of regional cooperation, but whether enterprises are willing to conduct cross-border transactions is affected by multiple factors. Economic logic analysis shows that transaction costs determine the boundaries of specialized division of labor. When enterprises conduct cross-border transactions or investments, they must not only compare production costs but also consider the costs of obtaining information, transportation costs, contract performance costs, and risk costs arising from institutional differences and policy uncertainty. If these costs are high enough, even if there are obvious comparative advantages and differences in factor resource costs between different countries, high transaction costs will hinder regional cooperation.
This means that in determining whether industrial collaboration can truly form between regions, "geographical distance" is certainly important, but what may be more important is "economic distance." Railways, highways, and ports address the problem of "geographical distance"; while standards, certification, customs, intellectual property, and market access address the problem of "economic distance." The former reduces the cost of resource flows, while the latter reduces the transaction costs that hinder industrial collaboration; both jointly affect the actual cost of regional economic cooperation. This is also the basis for why international regional economic cooperation needs to gradually move from "hard connectivity" to "soft connectivity," and it is the key to why the SCO emphasizes reducing transaction costs.
As regional cooperation deepens, the factors affecting enterprise decision-making also undergo significant changes. In the early stage of cooperation, connectivity in infrastructure construction can bring obvious benefits. The completion of a railway will shorten transportation time and reduce logistics costs, and trade activities that were previously not economically feasible may occur as a result. But when cooperation further deepens, the focus of enterprise transaction concerns changes. If two countries implement different technical standards for the same product, enterprises need to undergo repeated certification; or if customs inspection procedures are complex and customs clearance times are long; coupled with possibly high cross-border payment costs and differences in intellectual property protection and investment rules — then the convenience created by infrastructure will be offset by the rise in institutional transaction costs.
The Bishkek Declaration proposes improving cross-border e-commerce infrastructure, reducing transaction costs, carrying out cooperation in smart customs construction, building multimodal transport corridors and logistics centers, and at the same time conducting cooperation in the field of standardization and supporting the establishment of contacts between the standardization departments of SCO member states, among other things. These seemingly different policy arrangements, viewed from their economic essence, actually point to the same goal: reducing the costs for enterprises to engage in cross-border specialized division of labor. When rules between different countries become more coordinated and market access becomes more convenient, the institutional costs for enterprises to make cross-border investments and organize production will decline, and cooperation that was previously difficult to carry out due to excessively high transaction costs may become economically feasible.
Therefore, the economic value of deepening regional cooperation is not only to reduce the various costs of existing transactions, but more importantly, by reducing institutional costs, to expand the space for transactions that can occur. Cross-border investment that previously only a few large enterprises could afford may also become possible for small and medium-sized enterprises as institutional costs decline. With the improvement of standards, logistics, and financial conditions, trade in intermediate goods along the industrial chain may also increase. And production links that were previously scattered and independent may be recombined because of declining transaction costs. The focus of deepening cooperation among SCO member states, gradually expanding from mainly opening "channels" to prioritizing the improvement of "rules," is precisely to expand the boundaries of specialized division of labor among enterprises in the region and the broad space for cooperation through the decline of institutional transaction costs.
Creating new advantages for cooperation: from "comparative advantage" to "industrial synergy"
After transaction costs are reduced, regional cooperation obtains the conditions for further deepening. But if, after transaction costs decline, countries merely expand exports of original products, the benefits of cooperation still mainly come from existing comparative advantages, reflecting more static gains. Industrial synergy is not simply "adding up" existing advantages; rather, it can deeply connect the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, recombining the resources, capital, technology, talent, and markets of different countries, thereby creating new competitive advantages.
The economic foundation of this logic lies in the dynamic gains generated by cooperation. After enterprises integrate into the industrial chain division of labor system, they not only enjoy the economies of scale brought by specialized production, but the frequent contacts between upstream and downstream enterprises also bring significant knowledge and technology spillovers. The expansion of market scope also helps to share fixed costs such as research and development, and attracts capital, talent, and innovation resources on a larger scale. As a result, the comparative advantage of each country will change with the deepening of cooperation. This is also where regional economic cooperation truly has long-term vitality. SCO economic cooperation also places prominent emphasis on the articulation between industrial chains, innovation chains, and value chains, and proposes measures such as strengthening cooperation in science, technology, and innovation. The deepening cooperation of the SCO regional economy is not only about allowing more resources to flow, but also about forming new industrial synergy capabilities after resources flow.
This process also places new demands on government functions. True industrial synergy is not the government choosing industries on behalf of enterprises, still less artificially creating industrial chains through administrative means. Which enterprises should enter the industrial chain, and the length of the industrial chain in which enterprises engage, ultimately still need to be discovered by the market mechanism. The more important responsibility of the government is to provide public goods that business entities commonly need but that individual enterprises find difficult to provide independently, including infrastructure, standard systems, information services, financial support, intellectual property protection, talent exchange, and a stable and transparent institutional environment. Regional economic cooperation is not a substitute for the market mechanism, but rather expands the space in which the market mechanism can effectively function through institutional coordination. This is also an important focus of regional economic cooperation within the SCO framework.
Overall, comparative advantage determines the possibility of cooperation, transaction costs determine the feasibility of cooperation, and industrial synergy determines whether cooperation can generate additional gains that transcend the original resource endowments. At present, in the face of accelerated adjustment of global industrial and supply chains, it is all the more necessary to make good use of the differences among member states to promote the deepening of the industrial division of labor, promote infrastructure connectivity and the articulation of institutional rules, use the decline in transaction costs to promote industrial synergy and the interlocking of industrial chains, and promote regional economic cooperation from "comparative advantage" toward "industrial synergy." This is precisely the important direction for the SCO to further expand new space for cooperation and continuously promote the upgrading and quality improvement of regional economic cooperation in the future.
Return to TopBy: 王德卿
The outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan proposes cultivating more pillar and pioneering industries to build new advantages in industrial development. From the "old three items" of clothing, furniture, and home appliances, to the "new three items" of new-energy vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaic products, China's industries have accumulated formidable strength through technological progress, large-scale production, and industrial supporting systems. In recent years, artificial intelligence, robotics, and innovative drugs have accelerated their development and are being called the "new-new three items." This reflects that, on the basis of existing manufacturing advantages, China's capacity for independent innovation continues to strengthen, the space for value appreciation of technology and services keeps expanding, industrial integration is accelerating the reshaping of R&D and production methods, and open collaboration is increasingly weaving a global innovation network. These new features collectively embody the profound transformation that the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation is bringing to industrial development models.
Independent innovation shapes new competitive advantages for industries. The "old three items" participated in the international division of labor mainly by virtue of factor cost and processing-manufacturing advantages; the "new three items" combined technological innovation with large-scale production and industrial supporting systems on relatively mature technology pathways; the "new-new three items" further extend toward the source of technology, competing more through independently proposing technical solutions and creating new products. In frontier fields, technology pathways are in a period of rapid evolution, dominant technologies have not yet taken shape, and the focus of competition is shifting from the optimization of processes to the definition of pathways. Whoever dominates the definition of the underlying architecture will, to a large extent, grasp the commanding power over technological iteration and industrial evolution. This kind of definitional capability is difficult to measure by any single indicator; it is more manifest as tacit knowledge and organizational capability accumulated across disciplines and links through long-term R&D practice, which cannot be bought or imported. Only by mastering key core technologies can industries independently define product forms in response to continuously emerging new demands and form a systematic supply capacity for frontier technologies amid rapid technological turnover. Domestic AI large models independently explore technology pathways, with the entire process from model architecture design to training and deployment completed by domestic teams. A number of domestic humanoid robot enterprises have achieved full-stack self-developed technology from core components to whole-machine algorithms, with key technical solutions independently defined by the enterprises, and products are accelerating their transition from R&D and trial manufacturing to practical application. The original innovation capability of innovative drugs has also improved markedly; in the first half of 2026, the National Medical Products Administration approved 38 innovative drugs, of which 11 drugs with new targets and new mechanisms were all domestically produced. From breakthroughs in underlying architecture to the creation of entirely new products, the supply capacity for frontier technologies is systematically reshaping the core competitiveness of China's industries.
Technology and services open up new space for value appreciation. The "old three items" realized value mainly through processing, manufacturing, and product sales; the "new three items" raised product added value through technological upgrading and industrial supporting systems; in both cases, the technology was mainly embedded within the products, relying on the sale of hardware to realize one-time value monetization. The "new-new three items," by contrast, directly convert technology usage rights, R&D outcomes, and intelligent services into transaction targets, making knowledge and technology production factors that can be independently traded and participate in distribution according to contribution. On the one hand, technological achievements are developed once and used repeatedly; the high upfront investment can be amortized across applications in different industries and scenarios, the marginal cost of each additional authorization is extremely low, and industrial returns are, to a large extent, freed from dependence on one's own manufacturing capacity. On the other hand, continuous services extend value creation to the entire process of product use, with usage-based and utility-based billing forming a stable source of revenue. Innovative drugs realize R&D value through out-licensing, with upfront payments, milestone payments, and sales royalties enabling returns to be realized in stages as R&D progresses and sales are launched, allowing the R&D entity to share in global returns without building its own overseas production and sales system. AI large models are driving "model-as-a-service" toward maturity; China's daily token call volume has exceeded 140 trillion, and pay-per-use billing makes value creation run through the entire process of user invocation. The robotics industry is accelerating its extension from single hardware sales toward "pay-per-utility" models, operating leases, and other full-lifecycle operation and maintenance services, with remote equipment monitoring, algorithm iteration, and predictive maintenance becoming new sources of revenue. The share of the R&D link in the distribution of value within the value chain is accordingly rising, and the focus of industrial development is shifting from expanding production capacity to deeply cultivating technological advantages (厚植技术优势, houzhi jishu youshi - "thick, plant; technology, advantage").
Industrial integration reshapes new methods of R&D and production. The industrial linkages of the "old three items" and "new three items" were mainly organized around material products such as raw materials, components, and product supporting systems; the "new-new three items" extend these linkages to the cross-application of knowledge, data, and R&D methods. One type of technology entering the R&D and production processes of another type of industry drives the mutual combination of knowledge and methods across different fields. This change challenges the traditional linear logic of R&D. For a long time, technological innovation advanced in the sequence of basic research, applied research, technology development, and industrialization, with industry placed at the terminal point receiving the fruits of scientific research, which readily gave rise to the disconnect of scientific research "producing results" while industry "fails to take them up." As integration deepens, the boundaries between the various links become increasingly blurred, the innovation chain becomes more agile, R&D and application shift from sequential succession to parallel iteration, and data generated at the production site becomes a direct input to R&D. Cross-field integration is not merely the stacking of technologies; computational predictions must undergo experimental verification, and intelligent decision-making must adapt to equipment performance and on-site conditions. The professional experience of application enterprises is itself an innovation resource, setting directions for R&D with practical problems and helping to identify defects and improve systems through application feedback, thereby converting technological performance into production efficiency. Surgical robots integrate mechanical manufacturing, artificial intelligence, and medical technology, driving high-difficulty surgeries toward precise, minimally invasive, and standardized human-machine collaborative operations; artificial intelligence is deeply intervening in drug R&D, markedly accelerating the screening, design, and verification of candidate molecules, greatly shortening the cycle from source molecular discovery to clinical trials; humanoid robots conduct practical training operations in real scenarios such as manufacturing and warehousing logistics, with the real-machine data accumulated being used directly to optimize model algorithms. Application scenarios thus become an extension of R&D, and the complete production system provides strong support for sustained innovation.
Open collaboration weaves a denser global innovation network. The "new-new three items" are pushing international cooperation beyond the traditional models of product trade and production capacity going global, deepening toward innovation sources such as underlying open source, joint R&D, and joint standard-setting. Frontier industries face high sunk costs in R&D and high risks of trial and error; the huge investment and risk of failure are difficult for any single entity to bear, while the large numbers of talents, massive data, and rich scenarios needed for breakthroughs are dispersed and difficult for any one party to monopolize. Openly sharing underlying technologies can accelerate algorithm iteration and the convergence of technology pathways by relying on a global developer ecosystem; transnational joint development helps disperse the R&D risks and compliance costs of frontier exploration; and participating in rule-making at an early stage fundamentally lowers the threshold for global interconnection of new technologies. Open source and openness have become a distinctive feature of domestic AI large models, with model weights provided free of charge to developers in various countries and continuously evolving through widespread use and feedback. International cooperation on innovative drugs is extending from technology licensing to joint R&D, with domestic R&D capabilities deeply interfacing and complementing each other's strengths (优势互补, youshi mutu - "advantage, complement; advantage, complement") with the global clinical and commercialization networks of multinational pharmaceutical companies. In the robotics field, China has successfully initiated the world's first international standard for embodied intelligence, the "Humanoid Robot Dataset," under the International Organization for Standardization, and has promoted the establishment of the first working group chaired by a Chinese expert, with experts from more than 10 countries jointly participating in its development, achieving the transition from following standards to participating in rule-making. China's industries are becoming collaborative builders of the global frontier innovation ecosystem, promoting joint standard-setting, joint rule-consultation, and joint industrial advancement.
The "new-new three items" carry forward the manufacturing advantages China has accumulated over a long period and represent the direction of frontier technology evolution and industrial organizational change. From the "old three items" to the "new three items," and then to the "new-new three items," the further industrial innovation extends toward the source, the more it depends on independent innovation to grasp the initiative in technology definition, the more it depends on technology and services to open up new space for value appreciation, the more it depends on industrial integration to connect the entire process of R&D and production, and the more it depends on open collaboration to jointly build a global innovation ecosystem. Grounded in the super-large market and the complete industrial system, continuously consolidating the supply of source technologies, smoothing the channels for the transformation of technological achievements and the realization of value, promoting a paradigm shift in R&D through cross-field integration, and enhancing the voice in rule-making through deep integration into the global innovation network will surely cultivate more pillar and pioneering industries, build new advantages in industrial development, and add momentum to the construction of a modern industrial system.
Return to TopBy: 许芷浩
On September 16, the century-defining project, the Pinglu Canal, was completed and opened to navigation. This is the first canal in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China to be planned and constructed at the national level to connect rivers with the sea, and it represents a major breakthrough in regional "hard connectivity." More than 2,000 years ago, Zhang Qian opened up the western regions (凿空西域, zao kong xi yu - "drill, empty, western, regions"), and the ancient Silk Road connected major eastern and western hubs such as Chang'an and Rome, with commercial ports along the route such as Dunhuang and Samarkand prospering because of the road; more than 600 years ago, Zheng He made seven voyages to the Western Seas, and the maritime trade network linked the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean; entering the modern era, the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal were successively opened, reshaping the global trade map; in the mid-to-late 19th century, the railroad spanning the North American continent drove the rise of the industrial belt in the central and western United States. History has repeatedly proven: when corridors thrive, the economy thrives; when hubs are unblocked, all industries prosper.
The so-called "corridor economy" refers to an economic form that relies primarily on comprehensive transportation corridors, uses logistics hubs, open ports, and other such carriers as its main vehicles, and, by connecting trunk transportation routes across different regions and river basins as well as multiple infrastructure networks such as information and energy, promotes the flow of factors, industrial coordination, and market connectivity in areas along the corridor. From the perspective of regional economics and economic geography, the point-axis development theory provides the theoretical origin for the corridor economy. This theory, built on the growth pole theory, both emphasizes the radiating role of "points" such as central cities and stresses that transportation "axes" draw the areas along the route into economic growth axes. In the 1980s, Chinese economic geographer Lu Dadao, in light of China's actual conditions, put forward the "point-axis system" theory and the "T"-shaped spatial strategy, designating the coastal economic belt and the Yangtze River economic belt as the two most important first-level axes for China's socioeconomic development. In 2021, the Outline of the National Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Transportation Network Plan made a medium- and long-term outlook for the development of the corridor economy. The 15th Five-Year Plan outline further proposes to "strengthen cross-regional coordinated planning and cross-mode integrated connectivity, and comprehensively improve the comprehensive benefits of transportation infrastructure. Improve the main framework of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, and build with high quality strategic backbone corridors such as those along the coast, border, and rivers, those exiting Xinjiang and entering Tibet, and the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor in the western region."
Why should the corridor economy be highly valued? There are several reasons. First, it reduces the logistics costs of the whole society and smooths the circulation of the economy. Logistics is the "sinews and veins" of the real economy. For every point logistics costs are reduced, the vitality of market entities increases by a point, and the blood flow of the unified national market becomes smoother by a point. The transportation prices of China-Europe Railway Express trains, both domestically and internationally, have fallen by more than 40 percent compared with the early period of operation; after the Pinglu Canal opened to navigation, the logistics costs for goods from the southwestern region to reach the sea are expected to fall by 18 to 30 percent, saving approximately 5.2 billion yuan in social transportation costs each year. Second, it guides industry to optimize its layout along corridors, further stabilizing investment, promoting development, and benefiting people's livelihoods. On the one hand, the construction of major corridors is itself a process of expanding effective investment and driving employment and income growth; this investment translates into order demand and employment demand for industries such as steel, building materials, and equipment manufacturing, becoming a strong support for expanding domestic demand, stabilizing the fundamentals of the economy, and promoting employment. On the other hand, once a corridor is completed, it not only facilitates the movement of the public but can also attract industrial agglomeration with low-cost logistics, promote the rapid rise of the modern service industry, and pull the formation of industrial corridors, achieving the transformation from "traffic flow" to "retention." Third, it promotes coordinated regional development and serves domestic and international dual circulation. The corridor economy is the key to breaking the status of inland cities as the "nerve endings" of transportation. It allows some inland provinces and cities to become frontiers of opening up by "borrowing a corridor to reach the sea," and it also installs a "safety valve" for the security of industrial and supply chains. At the same time, the corridor economy can break down administrative division barriers, promote market-based allocation of factors and coordinated regional development, and accelerate the formation of a comprehensive opening-up pattern featuring linkage between land and sea, both domestically and internationally, and mutual reinforcement between the east and the west.
However, it must also be clearly recognized that in the development of the corridor economy, there still exist problems such as emphasizing construction over operation, emphasizing traffic flow over retention, and corridors being completed but industries not coming. For the corridor economy to continue to improve quality and efficiency, the first step is to consolidate the foundation of "hard connectivity." On the one hand, we should precisely fill the gaps in corridor capacity around major national strategies, unblock bottlenecks and sticking points such as port transshipment and collection and distribution systems, strengthen cross-regional coordinated planning and cross-mode integrated connectivity, and comprehensively improve the comprehensive benefits of transportation infrastructure. On the other hand, in the era of artificial intelligence, the connotation of the corridor economy is rapidly expanding from logistics to data flows and computing power flows. In April this year, the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee clearly proposed strengthening the planning and construction of the "six networks," namely the water network, the new-type power grid, the computing power network, the new-generation communications network, the urban underground pipeline network, and the logistics network. We should rely on the national integrated computing power network to enable data, as a new factor of production, to flow efficiently across regions like goods, and transform the green energy and locational advantages of the western region into computing power supply capacity oriented toward both domestic and international markets. At the same time, we should increase the application of artificial intelligence throughout the entire chain of the corridor economy and enhance the level of integrated development of the transportation infrastructure network with logistics, information, and energy.
While strengthening "hard connectivity," we should also establish and improve long-term mechanisms in planning coordination, operation management, and benefit distribution, and make sustained efforts in areas such as "soft connectivity," industrial agglomeration, and regional coordination. First, we should smooth the "soft connectivity" of rules through institutional opening up, deepen the "single bill of lading" system for multimodal transport, customs clearance facilitation reform, and mutual recognition of standards and rules, so that enterprises can "entrust once and use one bill throughout," while embedding the construction of the social credit system into corridor operations, making credit a "pass" for reducing institutional transaction costs. Second, we should turn "traffic flow" into "retention" through industrial agglomeration, base ourselves on our own resource endowments and locational advantages, guide the layout of processing trade, port-adjacent industries, and hub-preferring industries along corridors, and truly form economic and industrial corridors based on the coordination of industrial and supply chains. Third, we should build hub economic zones around major transportation and logistics hubs, link the hubs along the corridor into chains and gather them into networks, and realize the coordinated development of industrial and supply chains among the cities, regions, and even countries involved in the corridor.
Return to TopBy: 高维俭
In recent years, cases in which minors of low age commit serious violent crimes have occurred from time to time, arousing widespread concern in society. The Criminal Law Amendment (XI) of the People's Republic of China adds the provision that "a person who has reached the age of twelve but not the age of fourteen who commits the crimes of intentional homicide or intentional injury, causing death or causing serious injury resulting in severe disability by especially cruel means, where the circumstances are flagrant, and whose prosecution is approved upon verification by the Supreme People's Procuratorate, shall bear criminal responsibility." This provision is the direct legal basis for the mechanism for approving and prosecuting serious violent crimes committed by minors of low age, and is intended to strive to adjust the policy balance between the protection of minors and the punishment of serious violent crimes.
The "Report on the 40-Year Development of Procuratorial Work on Minors in China," published on June 23 this year, shows that in 2025 the Supreme People's Procuratorate lawfully approved and prosecuted 24 minors who had reached the age of twelve but not the age of fourteen for serious violent crimes, reflecting the attitude and determination that "malignant crimes must be punished." Recently, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the "Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Handling of Cases of Approval and Prosecution of Serious Violent Crimes Committed by Minors Who Have Reached the Age of Twelve but Not the Age of Fourteen," which refines certain issues arising in the implementation of this system. On this basis, it is necessary to accurately grasp the positioning of the system and further refine and improve the relevant mechanisms.
From the perspective of the system's positioning, the function of the approval-and-prosecution system lies in pre-examining the wrongful conduct, physical and mental health status, and growth environment of the low-age minors involved in the case, and on this basis deciding whether the case should enter the formal criminal prosecution procedure or be transferred to the protective disposition procedure provided for in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency. Approval of prosecution can only decide whether a case may enter the stage of examination and prosecution; it neither retroactively affects the validity of the public security organ's filing and investigation activities, nor presupposes the final handling result of the case. If the Supreme People's Procuratorate makes an approval decision, the case enters the formal criminal prosecution procedure; conversely, the public security organ withdraws the case and lawfully transfers it to non-penal treatment channels such as specialized corrective education. Through carefully vetting matters at every level (层层审慎把关, ceng ceng shen shen ba guan - "layer, layer; cautious, cautious; guard, control") by local people's procuratorates at all levels and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, this system strives to ensure that the formal criminal prosecution procedure is initiated only where it is truly necessary to pursue criminal responsibility.
For a minor of low age to bear criminal responsibility, three elements must be present simultaneously: the criminal act, the harmful result, and "flagrant circumstances." Among these, the determination of the "flagrant circumstances" element is very critical and also extremely complex; it cannot be based solely on the consequences of the crime or public opinion, but should be established on the basis of a scientific assessment of the overall situation of the actor. The Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China provides that when public security organs, people's procuratorates, and people's courts handle criminal cases involving minors, they may, according to the circumstances, investigate the growth experience, causes of crime, guardianship and education, and other matters of the minor criminal suspect or defendant. The systematic information obtained through social investigation concerning the low-age minor's growth experience, family environment, educational status, community performance, psychological characteristics, causes of crime, and so forth is an important empirical basis for assessing his or her subjective malignancy, personal dangerousness, and possibility of correction. If it is proven that the actor's criminal conduct was mainly induced by external social responsibility factors, such as retaliation after long-term severe bullying, and the actor has good conditions for correction, it is not appropriate to determine that the circumstances are "flagrant"; conversely, if the investigation shows that the actor has significant personal dangerousness and an extremely low possibility of correction, the necessity of approving prosecution correspondingly increases.
With respect to the element of conduct, "committing the crimes of intentional homicide or intentional injury" should be understood as having carried out the criminal acts of intentional homicide or intentional injury, including cases in which the actor commits intentional homicide or intentional injury in the course of connected or competing criminal acts such as robbery, rape, or kidnapping; these should also be included within the scope of prosecution, rather than being limited to a specific range of charges. At the same time, in reasonably grasping the scope of the conduct element, the content of subjective intent should be strictly examined, with direct intent as the basis for determination. With respect to the element of result, in addition to intentional homicide causing death and intentional injury by especially cruel means causing serious injury resulting in severe disability, circumstances such as intentional homicide by especially cruel means causing severe disability and intentional injury by especially cruel means causing death should also be included within the scope of consideration in accordance with the spirit of the law, so as to maintain reasonable consistency in the application of the law. Through the reasonable interpretation and standardized application of the above statutory substantive elements, the boundary of the scope of approval of prosecution becomes clearer, avoiding the impact of divergent understandings on the unified and correct implementation of the system.
On the basis of accurately grasping the above elements, the current priority should be to improve the supporting mechanisms of substantive review at each level and social investigation reports. On the one hand, after accepting a case submitted by a public security organ for approval of prosecution, the people's procuratorate at the same level should carry out substantive review activities, including substantive review of the relevant statutory elements, evidentiary review of the relevant alleged facts, and procedural review of the relevant investigative activities. Subsequently, the relevant case file materials and review reports should be submitted level by level to the superior people's procuratorate, and substantive review should be conducted at each level, with careful vetting at every level. At the same time, given the gravity of the cases, the corresponding decisions of people's procuratorates at all levels should be made through collective discussion by the procuratorial committee. On the other hand, the quality of social investigation directly bears on the accuracy and fairness of the prosecution outcome. First, the subjects, procedures, and content standards of investigation should be unified. The public security organs and procuratorial organs may lawfully initiate such investigations during the investigation and review stages, and where necessary, entrust professional institutions or social organizations to participate, introducing professional assessment methods from psychology, education, and other fields to enhance the scientific and standardized nature of the investigation. Second, the evidentiary attribute of the basic factual materials serving as the social investigation report should be clarified. Investigation materials and assessment opinions should be included in the case file materials and transferred with the case in accordance with the law, safeguarding the right of the case-handling organs to conduct comprehensive review and of all parties to fully express their opinions, and ensuring due process and well-founded determinations. Third, the social investigation report should be used as an important basis for judging the actor's subjective malignancy and personal dangerousness, so that the determination of the relevant elements is established on a sufficient and objective factual basis. Fourth, relying on the social investigation, a list of social responsibility issues for the individual case should be established. Through in-depth analysis of problems exposed behind the case, such as deficiencies in guardianship, lapses in education, and insufficient social support, targeted procuratorial suggestions should be put forward to promote the fulfillment of responsibilities and improvement of work by families, schools, communities, and relevant parties, organically combining "treating the symptoms" with "treating the root causes." At the same time, attention should also be paid to the accumulation and analysis of social investigation reports in similar cases. Through comprehensive research and judgment on a certain number of cases, common problems behind serious violent crimes committed by low-age minors, such as those in child welfare, family education, and specialized education, can be identified, thereby providing an empirical basis for improving relevant social policies and legal provisions and promoting the continuous improvement of the social governance system for the protection of minors. This is both an inherent requirement of the continuous improvement of the approval-and-prosecution mechanism itself and a manifestation of the function of this system in exerting social governance effects over a broader scope.
(The author is the Dean of the Institute of Juvenile Justice Studies, East China University of Political Science and Law)
Return to TopBy: 陈洁琼
Food delivery riders, couriers, ride-hailing drivers, and livestream hosts — these new employment groups are not only an important force in urban operations, but also vibrant subjects of grassroots democratic participation. At present, the scale of new employment groups continues to grow, and their demands for democratic participation, rights protection, and urban integration are constantly increasing. However, traditional grassroots deliberation models are often anchored in geography and household registration, making them difficult to adapt to the highly mobile, fragmented, and online-based characteristics of these workers' employment. Resolving this contradiction requires building more pragmatic and effective consultation platforms, bringing new employment groups — which are highly dispersed and highly mobile — into institutionalized deliberation channels, and promoting the principle that "when there are matters, we should discuss them well, and the affairs of the people should be discussed by the people" to become effective and yield results (落地见效, luo di jian xiao - "land, see, effect, manifest") in the new business-format sector. This is not only an important measure for safeguarding workers' democratic rights and protecting their legitimate interests, but also a practical path for improving grassroots governance and building a pattern of joint contribution, joint governance, and shared benefits.
The Opinions on Strengthening Service and Management for New Employment Groups issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council explicitly requires "establishing and improving a normalized consultation and heart-to-heart talk mechanism on important matters involving the rights and interests of new employment groups, with consultation results disclosed to new employment groups through appropriate forms," and "establishing and improving a multi-party consultation mechanism led by townships (subdistricts) and villages (communities), strengthening care, service, respect, and support for new employment groups." In 2025, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, jointly with the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and other departments — six departments in total — issued the Work Guidelines on Jointly Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers, which further proposes "jointly promoting normalized consultation between platform enterprises and workers in new forms of employment, and improving the consultation and coordination mechanism for workers' rights and interests." The above policy documents set forth requirements for conducting consultation with new employment groups at different levels. Translating these institutional requirements into operable governance practice necessarily requires building multi-level, normalized grassroots democratic consultation platforms, providing effective carriers and channels for the operation of the consultation mechanism.
Build consultation platforms by category to precisely respond to group demands. The demands of new employment groups involve different levels. Matters involving common issues such as industry policy and labor standards typically require the joint participation of multiple parties, including government departments, platform enterprises, worker representatives, and industry organizations, and are suitable for consultation at the industry level or regional level. Matters involving specific issues such as working conditions and daily services have relatively concentrated participants and are suitable for handling through methods closer to work and life scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to follow the approach of classification by level, precise adaptation, and build a consultation platform architecture with multi-level linkage and cross-departmental coordination, so that matters of different natures can all find suitable consultation channels. Specifically, for major and complex matters of a policy or industry nature, a dedicated consultation mechanism can be established, focusing on resolving policy and industry norm issues such as social insurance enrollment, labor quotas, rights protection floors, and industry standard formulation. For example, since 2025, governments in Beijing, Shanghai, and many other places have actively built consultation platforms for platform enterprises, government departments, workers, merchants, consumers, and other relevant stakeholders, conducting "algorithm consultations" around rules such as order pricing, commission ratios, time estimates, and planned routes, enabling all parties to gradually and orderly participate in the adjustment and optimization of platform algorithm rules, and pushing algorithms from opaque and obscure toward open and transparent. For consultation on specific matters such as daily work and living conditions, "at the doorstep" consultation venues can be built, creating a batch of accessible consultation platforms. Relying on gathering places for new employment workers such as rider stations, courier outlets, ride-hailing driver homes, livestream industrial parks, and community party-mass service centers, micro consultation points can be established to conduct immediate consultation on issues such as rest facilities, drinking water and charging, dispute mediation, and demand feedback. In recent years, places such as Hangzhou in Zhejiang have explored and formed a batch of grassroots consultation platforms such as "Little Brother Roundtable" and "Rider Deliberation Hall," led by rider representatives and bringing together multiple parties including subdistricts, communities, and property management, smoothing the communication and dialogue channels between new employment groups and governance entities such as subdistricts, communities, and property management, and effectively resolving a large number of daily disputes and conflicts.
Promote the normalized operation of consultation platforms and focus on improving consultation effectiveness. As institutionalized channels for new employment groups to participate in grassroots governance, the full functioning of consultation platforms depends on a sustained and stable state of operation. The normalized operation of platforms means that consultation activities have relatively fixed arrangements, participants have a relatively stable composition, and consultation outcomes have a mechanism for continuous follow-up. On the one hand, establish relatively fixed consultation arrangements. New employment groups are highly mobile, and completely fixing consultation participation representatives is neither realistic nor necessarily able to fully reflect changes in group structure; but if representatives are redesignated for each consultation, it is equally difficult to ensure the continuity and effectiveness of consultation. A relatively stable procedure should be formed for the selection of participating representatives, so that those participating in consultation are both capable of continuously following up on relevant topics and able to adjust in a timely manner according to changes in group structure, ensuring that consultation platforms can continuously reflect group demands. At the same time, consultation activities should have a relatively fixed rhythm, conducting regular consultation on common issues involving group rights and interests, so that participating parties form predictable expectations of consultation activities, and so that the implementation of consultation outcomes can receive sustained attention and verification in subsequent consultations. On the other hand, implement operational safeguards for consultation platforms. The normalized operation of platforms requires necessary resource support, including the provision of consultation venues, personnel for daily liaison, and channels for information collection. Relevant safeguards should be incorporated into the routine work arrangements of grassroots governance, with relatively stable funding sources and staffing, avoiding interruption of platform operations due to insufficient resources. At the same time, attention should also be paid to accumulating and applying effective practices from consultation work, so that mature experience formed in each consultation can be applied by reference to similar matters, gradually forming operational norms suited to the actual conditions of the relevant industry and region.
Use digital means to expand consultation channels and effectively broaden the coverage of democratic participation. The labor production and service provision of new employment groups mainly rely on internet platforms, and they are generally familiar with digital terminal tools, often possessing good digital literacy and online participation capabilities. The construction of consultation channels should adapt to the characteristics of this group, fully using digital means to improve the convenience of consultation. On the one hand, continuously optimize online consultation platforms. Utilize existing government affairs applications or develop simple dedicated modules, supporting multiple modes of expression such as text and voice, so that new employment groups can participate in topic discussion and express opinions and suggestions during fragmented time such as delivery intervals and waiting for orders. For example, some places have built online consultation platforms, providing new employment groups with a digital window for fair dialogue, achieving real-time collection of public opinion demands, online conduct of consultation activities, full disclosure of the consultation process, and timely feedback of consultation results; some courier enterprises use digital tools to select representatives through online voting, collect topics through the cloud, and provide real-time progress updates, effectively enhancing the breadth of participation. On the other hand, emphasize the mutual coordination of online and offline consultation. The advantage of digital means lies in convenience and efficiency, but face-to-face in-depth communication still has an irreplaceable role when major interest adjustments are involved. Online consultation is suitable for stages such as topic solicitation, opinion collection, and progress inquiry, while offline consultation is suitable for complex matters requiring full discussion. The two each have their own emphasis and should be flexibly selected and mutually complementary according to the nature of the consultation matter. At the same time, attention should also be paid to the actual situation of some workers who are unfamiliar with smart devices, retaining necessary offline participation channels for them to ensure the inclusiveness of consultation platforms.
Return to TopBy: 张立
General Secretary Xi Jinping has issued important instructions on developing advanced manufacturing, emphasizing that we must "adhere to the direction of intelligent, green, and integrated development, and continue to make advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions have pointed out the direction, path, and key tasks for the development of advanced manufacturing, possessing strong strategic significance, guiding value, and targeted relevance, providing a fundamental guideline for developing advanced manufacturing and accelerating the building of a manufacturing power. We must deeply understand the major strategic significance of developing advanced manufacturing and take multiple measures simultaneously to promote the growth of advanced manufacturing in both scale and strength.
Grasp the Logic of the Times and Fully Understand the Major Strategic Significance of Making Advanced Manufacturing Bigger and Stronger
At present, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, and the focus of competition among major powers is increasingly concentrating on the fields of science, technology, and industry. Based on the era background where the century-long transformation and the technological revolution converge, making advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger has major practical significance for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.
Advanced manufacturing is a key engine for following the trends of technological revolution and industrial transformation and for cultivating and forming new quality productive forces. The industrial revolution has gone through mechanization and electrification, and is now evolving toward informatization and intelligence. Disruptive technological innovations time and again have brought about the liberation of social productive forces. At present, frontier technologies such as artificial intelligence continue to achieve breakthroughs, and the speed of technological iteration, the breadth of industrial penetration, and the depth of business model innovation continue to improve. Social productive forces will be raised once again, and labor productivity will leap once again. Advanced manufacturing possesses prominent advantages such as high technological intensity, rapid innovation and iteration, strong value-creation capability, and diverse and rich application scenarios, making it a key engine that empowers the implementation of new quality productive forces. Compared with previous industrial revolutions, in this wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation, China possesses a solid industrial foundation and has sufficient confidence to lead the development of advanced manufacturing. Making advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger can seize development opportunities, continuously drive collaborative innovation across the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, promote all-round innovation in production models, industrial structures, and supply systems, activate new momentum for high-quality development, and cultivate and strengthen new quality productive forces.
Advanced manufacturing is the strategic support for safeguarding national industrial security and enhancing global industrial competitiveness. At present, global competition in science, technology, and industry is becoming increasingly fierce, the global industrial chain and supply chain landscape is accelerating its restructuring, the risk of "decoupling and severing supply chains" in key core fields continues to rise, and the external uncertainty and instability facing China's industrial development have increased significantly. Advanced manufacturing is a concentrated embodiment of a country's industrial hard power and is also a key barrier for consolidating national economic security. Historical experience has repeatedly proven that without an independent, controllable, strong, and complete advanced manufacturing system, national economic security will lack solid support. Continuously making advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger can precisely break through technical bottlenecks in key fields, shore up shortcomings in the industrial foundation, effectively enhance the ability of the industrial chain and supply chain to resist risks and withstand shocks, and firmly hold the basic foundation of industrial security. At the same time, global industrial competition has long surpassed the contest of single-product cost-effectiveness and has escalated into an all-round, deep-level contest of technological paradigms, industry standards, and industrial ecosystems. Relying on the leading role of advanced manufacturing, we can comprehensively shape new advantages for China's participation in the global division of labor and competition, and consolidate China's important position in the global industrial landscape.
Advanced manufacturing is the solid backbone for building a modern industrial system and consolidating the foundation for development. Looking back at the course of global industrial development, the strength of the manufacturing industry determines a country's economic hard power. Developed countries such as the United States, Germany, and Japan have all established their status as manufacturing powers by relying on the development of advanced manufacturing. Advanced manufacturing drives breakthroughs in upstream industrial foundation fields such as components, materials, and industrial software, empowers the development of downstream terminal industries such as equipment and consumer goods, and drives the quality improvement and upgrading of other industries such as agriculture and services horizontally, forming a closely linked and interconnected industrial ecosystem and occupying a backbone and hub position in the modern economic system. For China, comprehensively advancing socialist modernization and solidly promoting common prosperity cannot be achieved without advanced manufacturing consolidating the material and economic foundation. Relying on the advantages of the super-large domestic market, continuously making advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger can effectively smooth all links of production, distribution, circulation, and consumption, consolidate the dominant position of the domestic economic cycle, precisely adapt to market upgrading demands, and continuously meet the people's ever-growing needs for a better life.
Look Back on the Course of Endeavor and Systematically Summarize the Important Achievements of Advanced Manufacturing
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has deeply advanced the building of a manufacturing power, and the development of advanced manufacturing has achieved important accomplishments, already standing at a new historical starting point.
The scale advantage has become more consolidated. The added value of China's manufacturing industry has ranked first in the world for 16 consecutive years, growing from 26.5 trillion yuan in 2020 to 34.7 trillion yuan in 2025, occupying a position of great importance and influence in the global manufacturing landscape. From 2015 to 2025, the proportion of added value of high-tech manufacturing in the added value of industries above designated size increased from 11.8 percent to 17.1 percent, and the proportion of added value of equipment manufacturing in the added value of industries above designated size increased from 31.8 percent to 36.8 percent. The scale of emerging industries continues to expand. The production and sales of new energy vehicles have ranked first in the world for many years, forming a complete, independent, and controllable industrial chain and achieving rapid progress through a new technological paradigm in the industry. Green new energy industries such as photovoltaics and lithium batteries have formed global competitive advantages, and the level of independent and controllable industrial chains continues to improve. The transformation and upgrading of traditional industries is being accelerated, continuously climbing toward the middle and high end of the value chain. Advanced manufacturing and modern services are deeply integrated, new models of service-oriented manufacturing are flourishing, and new business forms such as industrial design, general contracting and general integration, and remote operation and maintenance continue to grow.
Innovation momentum continues to surge. A large number of key core technology research breakthroughs have been achieved in the field of advanced manufacturing, realizing a leap from following to running alongside, and taking the lead in some fields. These technologies are not just single-point breakthroughs in the laboratory, but also present a favorable trend of "breakthroughs at key points, transformation along the chain." High-energy innovation platforms such as national key laboratories, manufacturing innovation centers, and original technology source sites are being accelerated in their layout. Research mechanisms such as "posting the challenge and calling for bids" and "horse racing system" are continuously improved, clearing the bottlenecks from basic research, technology research, to industrial application. Advanced manufacturing industries such as rail transit equipment, high-tech ships, and new energy equipment have formed globally leading advantages. The CR450 high-speed EMU has completed full-vehicle testing, domestically produced large cruise ships have achieved batch delivery, and large hydropower and nuclear power equipment have gone overseas. Technological iteration in frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, high-end equipment, and bio-manufacturing is accelerating, and the results of industrial application are becoming increasingly prominent. The quantum computing prototype "Jiuzhang-4" has refreshed the world record in photonic quantum information technology, the world's first invasive brain-computer interface medical device has been approved for market, and the global cumulative downloads of open-source large language models in artificial intelligence have exceeded 10 billion.
Industrial clusters are rising rapidly. China has vigorously cultivated advanced manufacturing clusters, and 80 national advanced manufacturing clusters continue to grow and strengthen, covering key fields such as the new generation of information technology, high-end equipment, new energy, and new materials. According to the 2025 Global Innovation Index Report, 24 clusters in China have entered the world's top 100, ranking first in the world in number for three consecutive years. The competitiveness of advanced manufacturing cannot be separated from the support of industrial clusters, nor can it be separated from vibrant business entities. Leading enterprises play a role in integrating and driving the industrial chain, achieving significant progress in technology research and development, global layout, and brand building. A large number of small and medium-sized enterprises are deeply engaged in segmented tracks, focusing on key components and specialized materials, overcoming technical difficulties in segmented fields, and have become an indispensable key force in advanced manufacturing. Large, medium, and small enterprises coordinate and support each other, with upstream and downstream integrated development, forming a highly vibrant industrial ecosystem that together constitutes the hard-core support for the vigorous development of China's advanced manufacturing.
While fully affirming the achievements, we must also clearly recognize that the development of China's advanced manufacturing still faces many shortcomings and weaknesses. There are still shortcomings in key core technologies, and some underlying basic technologies, industrial software, and high-end materials are constrained by external supply; some industries are large but not strong, and there is still much room for improvement in quality and efficiency; regional industrial coordinated development needs to be strengthened, and there is a phenomenon of homogeneous competition in some areas; the risk of relocation of some links in key industrial chains cannot be ignored, and there is still room for improvement in industrial governance capacity and industrial ecosystem building. We must maintain strategic focus, strengthen confidence, brave difficulties and forge ahead, treat making advanced manufacturing bigger and stronger as a key task, and provide strong support for building a manufacturing power.
Gather Strength to Tackle Key Difficulties and Strive to Promote the Quality Improvement and Leapfrog Development of Advanced Manufacturing
Developing advanced manufacturing is both a major task entrusted by the times and a strategic choice for us to win future competition. Anchoring on the goal of basically realizing new industrialization by 2035, based on China's industrial reality, adhering to a problem-oriented approach and systematic policy implementation, we will comprehensively enhance the competitiveness of advanced manufacturing.
Strengthen the leading role of innovation and consolidate the technological foundation of advanced manufacturing. Strengthen the principal position of enterprises in innovation, improve an innovation system led by enterprises with deep collaboration among industry, academia, research, and application, focus on fields such as industrial mother machines, high-end chips, and key materials, promote the industrial application of more frontier technologies, continuously shore up shortcomings in underlying technologies, and inject source momentum into the development of advanced manufacturing. Open up the full-chain transformation channel from basic research, technological breakthroughs to industrial application, and build a number of major scientific and technological innovation platforms at a high level. In response to the demand for pilot-scale testing services, build application scenarios and test environments, enhance full-chain service capabilities, and improve the level of transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.
Build a solid security defense line and enhance the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain. Promote the high-quality development of key industrial chains in the manufacturing industry, systematically sort out the shortcomings and weaknesses of each industrial chain, and support the coordination of whole-machine and component enterprises in carrying out technological research. Accelerate the advancement of the industrial foundation, and continuously tackle common basic links such as basic components and basic processes. Encourage downstream leading enterprises to provide opportunities for trial use and first use, and promote the accelerated verification, improvement, and iterative upgrading of weak links. Continuously forge existing long-board advantages, clarify key competitive links, carry out forward-looking layout and basic scientific breakthroughs, and consolidate the leading position.
Optimize the industrial structure and coordinate the upgrading of existing stock with the cultivation of increments. Do a good job in the major task of transforming and upgrading traditional industries, guide traditional industries to improve process technology, optimize product structure, open up a second growth curve, and climb toward the high end of the value chain. Seize the opportunities of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, strengthen emerging industries, vigorously promote scenario cultivation and opening, drive technological iteration and business model innovation, and cultivate a number of new pillar industries. Make forward-looking arrangements for future industries, encourage exploration of multiple technology routes, and continuously expand the innovation frontier of advanced manufacturing. Give full play to the scenario-driving role of the large domestic market, develop new quality productive forces in light of local conditions, avoid regional homogeneous competition, and cultivate more new growth poles for industry.
Develop advanced manufacturing and coordinately promote intelligent and green transformation. Promote the two-way empowerment of digitalization and greening, and drive the overall leap of the manufacturing industry with the dual engines of intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing. Seize the opportunity of artificial intelligence empowering the real economy, actively develop "AI + manufacturing," make breakthroughs in key technologies and products such as industrial large models and intelligent agents, promote the construction of intelligent factories in a classified and orderly manner, and improve new infrastructure. Anchor on the goal of industrial carbon peak, promote the green and low-carbon development of the manufacturing industry, promote advanced green manufacturing processes and circular production models, and enhance the supply capacity of green and low-carbon products and energy-saving and environmental protection equipment.
Stimulate enterprise vitality and build a sound industrial ecosystem with leading enterprises taking the lead and specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative enterprises providing support. Give play to the role of leading enterprises in integrating and driving the industrial chain, enhance global competitiveness and voice, and realize the integrated development of large, medium, and small enterprises. Increase support for specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative enterprises, guide small and medium-sized enterprises to deeply cultivate segmented tracks, and enhance professional capabilities. Create a fair and orderly industrial development environment, improve the standard system, policy guarantees, and public service system, promote the efficient allocation of factor resources, and create a fair, orderly, and vibrant industrial ecosystem.
(The author is the Dean of the China Center for Information Industry Development)
Return to TopBy: 张晓萌
Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party is an important experience of Party governance and self-supervision in the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Use systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party so that the content is fully covered, the targets are fully covered, the responsibilities form a complete chain, and the institutions are fully interconnected, further improving a full and rigorous self-governance of the Party system with complete elements, complete functions, scientific standards, and efficient operation." On the new journey, we must thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, persevering and unremitting (持之以恒, chizhi yihang - "hold fast, persevere") in using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party, unite and lead the whole Party to govern the Party well and build it strong, and provide a strong guarantee for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization.
Adhere to full coverage of content, full coverage of targets, a complete chain of responsibilities, and full interconnection of institutions
Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is a comprehensive and deep-level self-revolution. The governance and self-supervision of the Party involves multiple subjects, numerous governance contents, and broad coverage at all levels. Only when all subjects, fields, and links coordinate with each other and advance as one can strength be gathered into momentum. For full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, the foundation lies in comprehensiveness, the key lies in rigor, and the crux lies in governance. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that Party building in the new era is a systematic project in which Party political building takes the lead and all other Party building efforts work in the same direction and combine their forces. To ensure the correct exercise and standardized operation of power and to improve the Party's governing capacity and leadership level, it is necessary to truly achieve that wherever the cause of the Party and the state develops, Party building covers it. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires starting from the four aspects of content, targets, responsibilities, and institutions, achieving smooth connection between all elements and links of Party governance and self-supervision, and truly governing the whole Party and supervising the whole Party.
Adhere to full coverage of content. Advancing the governance and self-supervision of the Party covers many aspects, including Party political building, ideological building, organizational building, work-style building, discipline building, as well as institutional building and the fight against corruption. Only when these cooperate with each other and are coordinated and coherent can they be tightly integrated and combined into strength. Party building in the new era should pay more attention to the systematic integration of Party governance and self-supervision, take Party political building as the lead, comprehensively advance all aspects of Party building, advance in unison the efforts to ensure that officials do not have the audacity, the opportunity, or the desire to be corrupt, and form a joint force for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Practice has proven that adhering to using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party has achieved comprehensive strengthening of the Party's leadership, comprehensive consolidation of the foundation of ideals and convictions, comprehensive excellence of Party organizations at all levels, comprehensive strictness of disciplinary constraints, comprehensive advancement of institutional building, and an overwhelming victory in the fight against corruption that has been consolidated comprehensively, providing overall and stable guarantees for Party governance and self-supervision.
Adhere to full coverage of targets. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires, in terms of targets, covering all Party organizations at all levels and all Party members, leaving no dead corners or blank spaces. Leading cadres, as the "key minority," are the subjects of responsibility for Party governance and self-supervision, and their every word and action has a demonstration effect. The broad masses of Party members, as the "vast majority," constitute the body of the Party, and the Party's advanced nature and purity must be embodied by every Party member. Only by managing the "vast majority" well can full coverage of targets in Party governance and self-supervision be truly achieved. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires combining the "theory of two points" with the "theory of key points," unifying the grasping of the "key minority" with the management of the "vast majority," both putting forward universal requirements for the broad masses of Party members and setting higher and stricter standards for the "key minority," especially senior leading cadres. Through grasping the "key minority" to give play to the leading and exemplary role, and through managing the "vast majority" to achieve comprehensive strictness, the systematic effectiveness of Party governance and self-supervision is enhanced.
Adhere to a complete chain of responsibilities. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "The responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision include primary responsibility, supervisory responsibility, the responsibility of the first responsible person, and the 'dual responsibilities for one post,' among others. These constitute a complete chain of responsibilities. Every kind of responsibility is important and must be strictly implemented and cannot be dealt with perfunctorily." Party committees (Party groups) at all levels are the leaders, executors, and promoters of Party governance and self-supervision, and bear the primary responsibility in full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Discipline inspection commissions are the specialized organs for intra-Party supervision, perform the duties of supervision, discipline enforcement, and accountability, and bear supervisory responsibility for Party governance and self-supervision. Secretaries of Party committees (Party groups), as principal leading cadres, are the key to implementing responsibilities, and must be secretaries who govern and supervise the Party and serve well as the first responsible person. Other members of the leading bodies of Party committees (Party groups) bear important leadership responsibilities and must, in accordance with the requirements of the "dual responsibilities for one post," combined with the division of duties and tasks, lead, inspect, and supervise the full and rigorous self-governance of the Party in the departments and units under their charge. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires layering and classifying the responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision, forming a responsibility implementation mechanism of joint efforts by various parties to manage something (齐抓共管, qizhua gongguan - "grasp together, manage together").
Adhere to full interconnection of institutions. Laws, regulations, and institutions are fundamental, overall, stable, and long-term in nature. The general requirements for Party building in the new era clearly stipulate that whether strengthening political building, ideological building, organizational building, work-style building, or discipline building, or carrying out the fight against corruption, institutional building must run through all of them, so that all aspects of Party building are regulated through institutions, advanced through institutions, consolidated through institutions, and improved through institutions. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to a problem-oriented approach, and in response to prominent problems such as impure ideology, impure politics, impure organization, and impure work style within the Party, has vigorously promoted establishing rules and systems (建章立制, jianzhang lizhi - "establish rules, set up systems"), forming a relatively complete system of intra-Party regulations with the Party Constitution as the foundation, democratic centralism as the core, and the Party's organizational regulations, Party leadership regulations, Party self-building regulations, and Party supervision and guarantee regulations as the framework, providing a solid regulatory and institutional guarantee for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires embodying the requirements of institutional building in the entire process, all aspects, and all levels of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, achieving full interconnection of institutions in full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, and truly realizing institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party in accordance with regulations.
Taking the improvement of the system for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party as an effective path, promote the implementation of responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision
Entering the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core incorporated full and rigorous self-governance of the Party into the the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy (四个全面) strategic layout, put forward the general requirements for Party building in the new era, built a system for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, and made systematic plans for Party governance and self-supervision from the overall height of the Party and the state. On the new journey, we must take Xi Jinping's thought on Party building as the guide, uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership and the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, improve the responsibility pattern for Party governance and self-supervision in which each bears its own responsibility and all are unified and coordinated, use systematic thinking and scientific methods, and implement the requirements of comprehensiveness, the tone of strictness, and the concept of governance into the construction of the system for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, continuously raising the level of institutionalization, standardization, and scientificization, so that all work of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party better reflects the characteristics of the times, grasps the laws of development, and is full of creativity.
Improve the organizational system that is connected from top to bottom and effective in execution. A rigorous organizational system is where the Party's advantages and strength lie. Using systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the governance and self-supervision of the Party requires consciously enhancing the Four Consciousnesses (四个意识), strengthening the Four Confidences (四个自信), and achieving the Two Upholds (两个维护), improving the various systems for firmly upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, promptly discovering and solving the problems of "roadblock tigers," "midway obstructions," and "dead-end roads," and safeguarding the Party's unity and solidarity with unified will and action. Establish a clear orientation of vigorously grasping the grassroots, continuously rectify weak and lax grassroots Party organizations, effectively improve the ability of grassroots Party organizations to lead grassroots governance, and promote Party organizations at all levels and in all fields to make comprehensive progress and become comprehensively excellent. Actively adapt to the profound changes in the economy and society, explore and strengthen Party building work in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups, strictly implement the responsibility for Party building in emerging fields, and achieve that wherever the cause of the Party and the state develops, Party building advances there, and Party governance and self-supervision follows there.
Improve the education system that consolidates the foundation, nourishes the roots, and unifies people's will and strengthens their spirit (凝心铸魂, ningxin zhuhun - "condense heart, cast soul"). Maturity in theory is the foundation of maturity in politics, and firmness in politics stems from sobriety in theory. Only by mastering scientific theory and consolidating the ideological foundation can full and rigorous self-governance of the Party have solid support. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, our Party has taken theoretical study as the main line, successively carried out centralized education within the Party, effectively raised the Marxist level of the whole Party, and effectively promoted the unity of the whole Party politically, ideologically, and in action. Unremittingly use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to unify people's will and strengthen their spirit, persevering and unremitting in strengthening Party spirit education, guiding the broad masses of Party members and cadres to continuously improve their political judgment, political understanding, and political execution, and consolidating political firmness with theoretical sobriety. Continuously innovate the methods and means of theoretical arming, achieving the combination of regular education and centralized education, the combination of theoretical arming and practical application, and the combination of strengthening Party spirit and enhancing abilities, and transforming the strategic policy of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party into conscious action.
Improve the supervision system that makes precise efforts and addresses both symptoms and root causes simultaneously (标本兼治, biaoben jianzhi - "treat symptoms, treat root cause"). Advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party emphasizes genuine management and genuine strictness, and must adhere to systematic thinking and scientific methods to achieve all-round, whole-process, and full-cycle strict governance. Adhere to grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, combining treating illness with strengthening the body, improving the Party member management mechanism, improving the mechanism for strictly managing and supervising cadres, and educating and guiding Party members and cadres to temper strong Party spirit, tempering or honing through hardship (砥砺, dili - "grind, polish") excellent work style, and know discipline, understand discipline, and abide by discipline. Continuously deepen the reform of the Party and state supervision system, take intra-Party supervision as the leading force, promote the integration of various supervisory forces and the integration of work, improve the supervision system under the unified leadership of the Party with comprehensive coverage and authoritative and efficient operation, eliminate the vacuum zones of power supervision, and ensure that power always operates on the track of the rule of law. Give full play to the Party's theoretical advantages, political advantages, organizational advantages, institutional advantages, and the advantage of close ties with the masses, improve the working mechanism for advancing in unison the efforts to ensure that officials do not have the audacity, the opportunity, or the desire to be corrupt, and strive to eradicate the soil and conditions for the breeding of corruption.
Improve the institutional system that is scientifically complete and effective and practical. Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is highly political and principled, and must be regulated by a set of scientifically complete institutions. Institutional building should follow systematic thinking and scientific methods, be compatible with the needs of Party governance and self-supervision, be matched with all aspects of Party building, and run through the entire cycle and all links of Party building. Continuously improve the system of intra-Party regulations and institutions, do a good job in top-level design, filling gaps and leaks, and improving quality and efficiency, avoid phenomena such as mutual separation, mutual restraint, and fragmentation, and use institutions to promote the interconnection and linkage of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Adhere to the organic unity of law-based governance and governance of the Party in accordance with regulations, coordinate the use of the "two rulers" of discipline and law, promote the connection of discipline enforcement and law enforcement, and strive to form a pattern in which national laws and regulations and intra-Party regulations and institutions complement each other, promote each other, and guarantee each other, ensuring that the Party both governs the country in accordance with the Constitution and laws and governs and strictly supervises the Party in accordance with intra-Party regulations.
Improve the responsibility system with clear subjects and clear requirements. Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party requires enhancing the awareness of Party governance and self-supervision and implementing the responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision. Adhere to systematic thinking and scientific methods, establish and improve the responsibility system for Party governance and self-supervision, and promote Party organizations at all levels and the broad masses of Party members and cadres to know responsibilities, bear responsibilities, and fulfill responsibilities by clarifying and compacting responsibilities. Strengthen the primary responsibility and supervisory responsibility for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, compact the primary responsibility of Party committees (Party groups) at all levels for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party and the supervisory responsibility of discipline inspection commissions at all levels, promote secretaries of Party committees (Party groups) at all levels to shoulder the responsibility of the first responsible person and members of leading bodies to truly bear the "dual responsibilities for one post," and establish a chain of responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision that is transmitted layer by layer and linked link by link. Leading cadres at all levels, especially the "top leaders," must firmly establish the concept that "doing Party building well is one's duty, not doing Party building is dereliction of duty, and doing Party building poorly is incompetence," and with the political loyalty of loving the Party, worrying about the Party, protecting the Party, and revitalizing the Party, be strict with themselves, strictly bear their own responsibilities, and strictly manage what is under their jurisdiction, promoting the comprehensive implementation of responsibilities for Party governance and self-supervision.
(The author is the Secretary of the Party Committee of the School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision, Renmin University of China)
Return to TopBy: 中国远洋海运集团党组书记、董事长 万敏
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "This blue planet on which we humans live is not divided into isolated islands by the oceans, but is connected by the oceans into a community with a shared future, in which the safety and security of the people of all countries are bound together." The maritime community with a shared future is an important component of a community with a shared future for mankind. Building a maritime community with a shared future is the fundamental guideline for China's shipping enterprises in serving global economic and trade development, participating in global maritime governance, and shaping the international maritime order, and it is also an action plan for addressing the challenges of maritime governance under the changes unseen in a century in the world.
At present, maritime shipping undertakes 80% of global cargo trade transportation, and 90% of China's foreign trade transportation volume is completed through maritime transport. The shipping industry has become a foundational and public product affecting the security of global industrial and supply chains, and an important bond serving the building of a maritime community with a shared future. China COSCO Shipping Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as COSCO Shipping), as a globally leading comprehensive shipping enterprise, anchors itself to the value coordinate of building a maritime community with a shared future, takes serving the building of a strong maritime nation as its strategic fulcrum, and takes the implementation of the four major global initiatives as its starting point, contributing shipping strength to the building of a maritime community with a shared future.
Grasp the internal logic between the development of China's shipping industry and the building of a maritime community with a shared future. As an important component of the national comprehensive transportation system, shipping is a foundational industry serving economic and social development and national strategy, and is also an important lever for participating in global economic and trade and maritime governance. From deeply participating in the high-quality joint building of the Belt and Road Initiative, building a modern shipping industry system, and improving the global corridor network layout, to helping with the global layout of industrial resources and coordinating the promotion of "hard connectivity" of infrastructure and "soft connectivity" of rules and people-to-people bonds, the development practice of China's shipping industry has provided Chinese solutions for building a maritime community with a shared future of common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, injecting unending and continuous (源源不断, yuan yuan bu duan - "source, source, not, continuous") practical momentum.
As global pressure on marine ecological protection continues to increase, low-carbon emission reduction and green shipping have become the core consensus of international maritime governance. China's shipping enterprises actively conform to the new development trends of green, low-carbon, and intelligent shipping, join hands with all parties to build a new green and intelligent shipping ecosystem, take green, low-carbon, digital, and intelligent as the core direction, and lead the high-quality and sustainable development of the global shipping industry. In recent years, COSCO Shipping has comprehensively promoted strategic emerging industries such as global digital and intelligent supply chains, green, low-carbon, and intelligent ship construction, clean marine fuels, and intelligent shipping, vigorously promoted new-energy vessels, green port renovation, full shore-power coverage, and smart port construction, joined hands with all parties to build green shipping corridors, promoted the construction of the "Maritime Silk Road" shipping alliance, released the ISO international standard for electronic bills of lading under the GSBN blockchain, led the green and digital-intelligent development of the global shipping industry with transformation practice, and made every effort to promote the building of a clean and beautiful maritime community with a shared future.
Shipping enterprises face challenges in participating in the building of a maritime community with a shared future. Intensifying global geopolitical conflicts disrupt the smooth flow of international maritime shipping corridors and the security and stability of global industrial and supply chains, and impact the free, open, fair, and just international maritime order. At the same time, the global maritime governance system is undergoing deep adjustment and its landscape is being profoundly reshaped, and competition and gamesmanship over maritime rules, green standards, and industry discourse power are becoming increasingly fierce. In the process of promoting the building of a maritime community with a shared future, China's shipping enterprises face more complex and severe risks and challenges.
The comprehensive operational capability of overseas corridors is difficult to efficiently adapt to the needs of global maritime governance. At present, the capacity scale of China's shipping enterprises has developed rapidly and ranked first in the world, but the supply chain layout serving global economic and trade development, especially the global corridor hub network, still lags relatively behind, and there are still shortcomings in the systematic, refined, and autonomous operational capability of overseas corridors. The capacity for coordinated allocation of global shipping resources needs to be improved, overseas port layout presents a "point-like distribution," corridor coordination and linkage and cross-regional resource coordination are insufficient, and the degree of integration of port, shipping, and trade is not high.
The green, low-carbon, and intelligent transformation and high-end shipping service capabilities are insufficient. At present, global maritime emission reduction standards continue to rise, new-energy vessels and low-carbon port operations have not yet been fully promoted and applied, green technology reserves and supporting systems are not yet complete, and transformation pressure is relatively high. China's capabilities in modern shipping service fields such as shipping finance and shipping insurance are relatively weak, and the reserve of internationalized and professional talent is insufficient, which to a certain extent constrains the comprehensive capability of shipping enterprises to deeply participate in global maritime governance and lead the green and intelligent transformation of the shipping industry.
Implement the four major global initiatives and contribute COSCO Shipping's strength to the building of a maritime community with a shared future. COSCO Shipping takes the implementation of the four major global initiatives as its starting point, deeply participates in the high-quality joint building of the Belt and Road Initiative, improves global corridor construction, and runs concepts such as lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, clean and beautiful, and people-to-people bonds through the entire process of overseas project operations and hub corridor network layout.
Implement the Global Development Initiative, participate in the high-quality joint building of the Belt and Road Initiative, and serve common development and industrial upgrading. Since COSCO Shipping's restructuring, its capacity scale, cargo volume, and operating revenue have all ranked first in the industry, with routes reaching more than 160 countries and regions and more than 1,500 ports, gradually achieving the leap from scale leadership to quality leadership, becoming a practitioner of the high-quality joint building of the Belt and Road Initiative, creating benchmark projects along the Belt and Road such as Greece's Piraeus Port, and playing an important role in maintaining the security and stability of global industrial and supply chains and serving the country's high-level opening up to the outside world. COSCO Shipping adheres to extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, lays out hubs, gateway ports, land nodes, and supply chain resources in layers, has cumulatively invested more than 100 billion yuan in Belt and Road partner countries, laid out 226 routes, and invested 2.26 million TEU of container capacity, empowering the common prosperity, industrial upgrading, and improvement of people's livelihoods of partner countries through maritime connectivity. The container throughput of Piraeus Port has exceeded 5 million TEU, directly creating more than 4,300 jobs and indirectly driving more than 12,000, becoming a model of China-Greece cooperation and a benchmark project of Belt and Road construction. Since Chancay Port began full commercial operation in June 2025, its capacity and comprehensive operational level have continued to improve, the "Chancay-Shanghai" round-trip route has shortened by 30% compared with traditional routes and reduced logistics costs by 20%, the proportion of local employees exceeds 98%, and it has created about 8,000 indirect employment opportunities, being regarded locally as a "new engine of national development" and a key hub of the new-era Asia-Latin America land-sea new corridor. Next, COSCO Shipping will firmly grasp the opportunities of the times, rely on the global shipping and port network to strengthen connectivity, rely on shipping digital and intelligent technology to activate development momentum, and continue to serve as the vanguard of the high-quality joint building of the Belt and Road Initiative in the practice of carrying the globe, linking the world, and connecting people's hearts, serving global common development and industrial upgrading.
Implement the Global Security Initiative and build a solid foundation for the common security of global industrial and supply chains. Facing the impact of geopolitical conflicts on the international maritime order, COSCO Shipping assessed the impact of the conflicts at the first opportunity, tracked and guided the entire process, made every effort to safeguard the living needs, personal safety, and property safety of Chinese crew members stranded in the Persian Gulf, and successfully ensured the safe departure of ships from the Gulf. By dynamically optimizing route layouts and flexibly activating multimodal transport alternative corridors, it reduced the impact of conflict disturbances on global industrial and supply chains and ensured the transportation safety of important materials such as China's energy and grain. It routinely safeguards the public security of international shipping corridors, strictly implements ship security measures, and cooperates with multinational escort forces to guard against pirate threats. It actively responds to national calls to fulfill emergency missions, completing multiple overseas emergency evacuation missions in Libya, Lebanon, and other places, demonstrating the mission and responsibility of a major country's fleet. Next, COSCO Shipping will further coordinate development and security, improve the "hub + corridor + network" system, strengthen overseas corridor construction, reinforce key fulcrums, enhance multimodal transport efficiency, build an international multimodal transport network with trunk-feeder connection and multiple backup points, open up diversified overseas cross-border routes, strengthen corridor cooperation with partner countries, and safeguard the security and stability of global industrial and supply chains.
Implement the Global Civilization Initiative and promote sustainable development through people-to-people bonds and mutual learning among civilizations. Adhere to putting culture first, and at the beginning of overseas project planning, conduct in-depth research on local culture and laws and regulations, fully respect the folk culture of the host country, respect local employees, and advocate that "once you enter the COSCO Shipping family, you are a COSCO Shipping person." At the same time, uphold the concept of sharing beauty and achieving common prosperity (美美与共, mei mei yu gong - "beauty, beauty, and, together") and seeking harmony while respecting differences (和而不同, he er bu tong - "harmony, and, not, different"), bringing advanced Chinese enterprise management concepts to all parts of the world. For example, Yifeng Shipping brought the concept of "patriotic dedication, hard work and perseverance, daring to be a pioneer (敢为人先, gan wei ren xian - "dare, for, person, first"), and sharing the same boat on the Maritime Silk Road" to Guinea in West Africa, which not only tempered expatriate employees but also inspired and motivated local employees. By deeply integrating into local society, dissolving estrangement through inclusiveness and mutual learning, it consolidates cooperation consensus and achieves common development. Next, COSCO Shipping will continue to tell the story of "Maritime Silk Road" shipping cooperation well, coordinate economic benefits with local people's livelihood and well-being, actively carry out public welfare activities benefiting the people, cultural exchanges, and maritime civilization mutual learning activities, actively act in compliant operation, environmental protection, green shipping, and social responsibility, and build a solid foundation for sustainable development through people-to-people bonds.
Implement the Global Governance Initiative and strengthen global cooperation to reshape a fair and just governance order. Promote the alignment of shipping standards, jointly build green shipping rules, strengthen coordination of digital shipping rules, and implement the Global Governance Initiative with practical actions. In the digital and intelligent field, lay out a global digital and intelligent supply chain system, establish strategic cooperative relationships with upstream and downstream customers, ports, and logistics enterprises in the global supply chain, form full-chain services, and iteratively launch a series of digital and intelligent supply chain products and industry supply chain solutions; initiate the Global Shipping Business Network (GSBN), release the ISO international standard for blockchain electronic bills of lading, and build a safe and reliable global shipping and trade digital-intelligent channel. In the green and low-carbon field, initiate the establishment of the Northeast Asia Green Ship Fuel Supply Chain Alliance, build the Boao Zero-Carbon Demonstration Zone, promote the industrial layout and application of a new generation of marine new-energy fuels represented by green methanol and green ammonia; actively promote the construction of green shipping corridors; in 2025, clean-energy-powered vessels accounted for 33% of COSCO Shipping's new orders and capacity. In the field of standards and rules, actively participate in International Maritime Organization (IMO) agenda items and promote the transformation of Chinese practice into global rules. Next, COSCO Shipping will further strengthen tracking and research on international maritime rules, deeply participate in the formulation of international standards for global shipping safety, green and low-carbon, and digital intelligence. Establish a global supply chain cooperation mechanism, expand the circle of blue partnership cooperation, and achieve rule alignment and standard mutual recognition with major trading partners. Innovatively provide more maritime public goods, provide more Chinese solutions, and enhance China's institutional influence in global shipping governance.
Return to TopBy: 王虹
At present, China's urbanization is transitioning from a period of rapid growth to a period of stable development, and urban development is transitioning from the stage of large-scale incremental expansion to a stage focused primarily on improving quality and efficiency of the existing stock. Advancing urban renewal with high quality is an important lever for urban modernization. Guangzhou adheres to overall coordination across the entire region and differentiated policy implementation, pushing the transformation of urban villages from the old model of "market-led, primary-and-secondary-development-linked, negotiated land conveyance" to a new model of "government-led, law-based expropriation, and clean land conveyance". At present, more than 50 projects under the new model have fully commenced construction, and in the first 8 months of 2026, the newly started scale of resettlement housing increased by 21% year-on-year, blazing a new path for urban village transformation in megacities. Recently, the Party School of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee hosted a "Deep Dialogue Session on Transformation Paths and Policy Coordination for Urban Villages in Megacities", striving to contribute the wisdom of the Party School to accelerating and stepping up urban village transformation in Guangzhou's megacities.
The people's city philosophy guides the direction of urban village transformation. Urban village transformation cannot stop at spatial renewal and land value appreciation, but must coordinate with the "modernization of people", taking the citizenization of floating population as a primary goal, and transforming the process of transformation into a process of simultaneously advancing citizenization. Guangzhou currently has 272 urban villages, with a total land area of 743 square kilometers, accounting for approximately one-tenth of the municipal area; the total building volume is 300 million square meters, accounting for approximately one-fifth of the city's total building volume; it carries nearly one-third of the permanent resident population, with over 7 million migrant workers and new citizens living and residing here, making it highly representative among the country's megacities. Guangzhou has consistently adhered to the philosophy that the people's city is built by the people and the people's city serves the people, optimizing the institutional design of the urban village transformation model. On the one hand, it adopts diversified measures such as house-voucher resettlement, acquisition of existing commercial housing, and abandonment-of-property resettlement to respond to villagers' differentiated demands for relocation; on the other hand, relying on the municipal housing security group, it has built a multi-level supply network of public rental housing, government-subsidized rental housing, sale-restricted affordable housing, and talent housing. Since 2024, it has cumulatively raised approximately 17,000 units of government-subsidized rental housing, and was the first among first-tier cities to launch sale-restricted affordable housing, providing a "seven-day free accommodation" service for graduates coming to Guangzhou seeking employment, ensuring that new citizens and youth groups can stay in the city and settle down at ease, making the city a carrier of a better life. In addition, Guangzhou has promoted the transformation of the implementation mechanism for dilapidated urban housing from government-led to mass self-initiated transformation. To date, the province's first owner-self-financed original-site demolition-and-reconstruction project, the Cluster Street No.. 2 project in Huadu District, has been completed, and the "Hongqiao·Xiaoshiji" project on Hongqiao Street in Yuexiu District has become the first cross-parcel contiguous original-site demolition-and-reconstruction transformation project for dilapidated housing in Guangzhou's central urban area.
Innovative institutional mechanisms sustain the momentum of urban village transformation. Entering the opening year of the "15th Five-Year Plan", Guangzhou has seized policy opportunities, continuously deepening institutional and mechanism innovation, and maintaining a strong momentum in advancing urban village transformation. First, strengthening law-based planning. It has promulgated the local regulation on urban village transformation, the "Regulations of Guangzhou Municipality on Urban Village Transformation", constructing a full-chain law-based relocation mechanism of "administrative handling—judicial litigation—compulsory enforcement". In Tianhe District's Xiancun, after 15 years of old-village redevelopment, village houses have been fully cleared; in Huangpu District's Xinxi, Dalang, and other villages, holdout households have been cleared to zero. Second, strengthening systematic coordination. It has established an urban village transformation construction headquarters with the main leader of the municipal party committee serving as first general commander and the main leader of the municipal government serving as general commander, building a "headquarters + company" work operation system and a biweekly scheduling system, clarifying responsible entities for 13 key links including land use approval and expropriation-and-demolition, and implementing responsibility assessment. The continuously iterated "1+N+X" policy system has already introduced more than 40 supporting policies, from tax guidelines to transformation entity assessment, from 18 speed-up measures to special plans for redevelopment of inefficient land—Guangzhou has built a replicable and extensible institutional framework for stock development in megacities. Third, strengthening differentiated advancement. It has promoted the policy system from a project-approval-oriented type to a differentiated policy toolkit based on transformation paths. For villages with mature transformation conditions, it implements whole-village demolition and new construction, following the principle of acting only after careful planning (谋定后动, mou ding hou dong - "plan, decide, after, move") to advance efficient implementation. At present, key municipal-level key areas including the New Central Axis (Haizhu),, Guangzhou Railway Station, Luochongwei, and the Huanwushan Innovation Source-Creation Zone have all commenced construction. For areas with rich historical and cultural resources and complete urban fabric, it adopts "embroidery" craftsmanship to carry out renovation and upgrading; among them, the practices of Enning Road and Fengyuan Avenue—Liwanzhou Lake Historical and Cultural Blocks have been included in the "List of Replicable Experiences and Practices for the Protection and Utilization of Historical and Cultural Blocks" issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, achieving "preserve what should be preserved, renovate what should be renovated, demolish what should be demolished", strictly controlling large-scale demolition and construction. For the 109 existing projects under the old model, Guangzhou has carried out "three confirmations and one verification" and comprehensive expert assessment one by one, and in accordance with the principle of "classified handling, one village one policy", has divided projects into three categories: expiring-and-exiting, risk-resolution, and normal-advancement. For risk-resolution projects that meet the conditions for conversion, it strictly implements the requirement that those capable of conversion must be converted. To date, it has promoted 31 projects, including Canglian Village in Huangpu District, to achieve"old-to-new conversion".
Reshaping functions and quality to write the era-answering chapter of an old city's new vitality. Guangzhou takes urban village transformation and urban renewal as its starting point, uses connotative development to enhance urban functions and quality, transforms its development logic from a short-term investment-driven logic to a long-term factor-reorganization logic, shifts the focus of transformation to population retention, talent agglomeration, industrial cultivation, tax revenue growth, and urban vitality enhancement, achieves long-term balance through population, industry, and other flow-based revenues, and strives to write the era-answering chapter of an old city's new vitality. First, coordinating livelihood benefits and economic benefits. Through the "law-based expropriation, clean land conveyance" mechanism, Guangzhou has achieved the separation of primary land development from secondary development, and the closed-loop mechanism of special loans"borrowing, using, managing, repaying" has made key progress. Deeper-level capital balance is reflected in area-wide coordination, changing the fragmented transformation path of traditional single-plot development and single-account accounting, and relying on cross-project, cross-parcel contiguous coordination and floor-area-ratio transfer, it achieves internal capital balance and self-sustaining capacity within the area. In the first 8 months of 2026, the completed fixed-asset investment from urban village transformation in Guangzhou grew at a year-on-year rate of 45%, and this field has become the core driver pulling the growth of the city's total fixed-asset investment, achieving an organic unity of livelihood benefits and economic benefits in the long-term development dimension. Second, adhering to the integrated development orientation of industry, city, and people. It simultaneously advances the diversified transformation paths of"retain, transform, attract", among which, the Songxi area of Luochongwei relies on the Huawei Guangzhou R&D Center to revitalize contiguous stock land, striving to build a thousand-billion-yuan-level future industrial cluster of intelligent vehicles and autonomous driving; the renovation around Baiyun International Airport has released nearly 10 square kilometers of development space for the upgrading of airport-adjacent industries, extending the transformation dividend from improvement of living conditions to leapfrogging industrial capacity. Third, embedding the "four-good" construction requirements of good housing, good neighborhoods, good communities, and good urban districts into the entire transformation process, promoting the application of intelligent construction technology and green building standards, advancing future community construction in conjunction with transformation work, and ensuring that the achievements of urban village transformation withstand the test of the masses and the test of time.
Guangzhou's transformation practice demonstrates that the model of"government-led, law-based expropriation, clean land conveyance" is, in essence, a systematic integration that converts the people's city philosophy into implementable institutional arrangements—namely, calibrating transformation goals with people-centeredness, optimizing transformation paths with differentiated policy implementation, unblocking bottlenecks in transformation links with policy coordination, and accelerating and stepping up with concrete measures, running well this "relay race" of urban renewal. Anchoring the goals of basically completing urban village transformation in key areas by 2030 and achieving the basic conclusion of urban village transformation citywide by 2035, maintaining historical patience and strategic resolve, and persisting in continuous advancement, we will certainly be able to turn this project of people's livelihoods and development into a project of people's hearts, promoting the achievements of megacity modernization to benefit all the people more extensively and more equitably.
Return to TopGeneral Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the National Conference on Party Building Work of State-Owned Enterprises that it is necessary to persist in serving production and operation without deviation, taking the improvement of enterprise efficiency, the enhancement of enterprise competitive strength, and the preservation and appreciation of state-owned asset value as the starting point and foothold of the work of Party organizations in state-owned enterprises, and testing the work and combat effectiveness of Party organizations by the results of enterprise reform and development. This important exposition provides the fundamental guideline for upholding the Party's overall leadership over state-owned enterprises in the new era. The Party Committee of Huadian Xinzhou Guangyu Coal Power Co., Ltd. (Guangyu Coal Power) has implemented a working mechanism whereby Party organization secretaries take the lead in tackling key difficulties, focusing on the key links of topic selection and project establishment, coordinated tackling of difficulties, and closed-loop verification of results, pushing secretaries to shoulder political responsibility firmly, take the lead in breaking through difficulties, and effectively transforming the Party organization's political advantages and organizational advantages into enterprise development momentum for technological breakthroughs, quality improvement, and efficiency enhancement.
Precisely selecting topics, deeply excavating frontline problems. Selecting the right topic is the primary gateway for secretaries to take the lead in tackling difficulties. The Party Committee of Guangyu Coal Power persists in placing equal emphasis on strategic orientation and problem orientation, establishing a selection mechanism, ensuring that tackling-difficulty topics are practical, feasible, and closely aligned with reality.
First, the Party Committee sets the direction, grasping the overall situation of tackling difficulties. Closely following the enterprise's strategic layout and annual key tasks, the Party Committee innovatively constructs a two-way linkage mechanism of "central group study and discussion sets the direction + frontline investigation identifies shortcomings", carrying out thematic Party Committee theory learning central group discussions, accurately judging the development situation, locking onto the key points of tackling difficulties; committee members regularly go down to production sites, delve deeply into the marketing frontline, comprehensively investigate and sort out the shortcomings restricting enterprise development, establishing the distinct orientation that "business difficulties are Party building topics, development pain points are tackling-difficulty key points", clarifying the main direction of tackling difficulties from the top level.
Second, Party branches excavate pain points, seeking topics based on the frontline. Each Party branch leverages its frontline advantage of directly facing the worksite and being close to posts, benchmarking against the tackling-difficulty directions delineated by the Party Committee, combining post realities to carry out topic surveys, extensively soliciting opinions and suggestions from Party members and employees, sorting out and consolidating bottlenecks in production and operation, difficulties in on-site management, and practical issues of concern to employees, independently declaring branch tackling-difficulty topics, achieving topics originating from the frontline, problems closely fitting reality, tackling difficulties precisely targeting needs, pushing Party building tackling of difficulties to practically solve real frontline problems.
Third, the Party Building Department strictly checks, standardizing project establishment. The Party Building Department fulfills its overall planning and review responsibilities, improving the whole-process management of preliminary project review, re-review, and filing, dividing projects into two categories: Party Committee key tackling-difficulty projects and Party branch special tackling-difficulty projects. It polishes and optimizes declared projects one by one, clarifying tackling-difficulty goals, implementation measures, and completion deadlines, pushing projects to transform from discovering problems toward solving difficulties and improving efficiency, ensuring projects are implementable, quantifiable, and assessable.
Jointly tackling difficulties, breaking through development problems. Centering on key areas such as safe production, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, and transformation and development, a joint tackling-difficulty pattern of "secretary takes the lead and grasps the overall, Party members work under posted signs, youth charge forward at the front" is constructed, using the "leading goose" to drive the flock of geese, layering responsibilities tightly at every level, concentrating efforts to break through enterprise development difficulties.
First, secretaries take the lead in tackling difficulties, setting examples. Targeting key tasks such as management quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, coal blending and co-firing, and replacement of high-energy-consumption motor equipment, seven secretary-led tackling-difficulty projects have been established. Party organization secretaries command from the front, sign responsibility statements, formulate timetables, draw roadmaps, implement wall-chart operations, regularly study project progress through Party building work meetings and Party branch committee meetings, coordinate efforts to break through prominent problems in fuel management and control, marketing coordination, factor guarantee, and others. As of the end of July, profits had increased by 23.9077 million yuan year-on-year, completing 226.73% of the annual plan, with business indicators achieving counter-trend rise and reaching a new historical high.
Second, Party members work under posted signs, displaying their identity. Centering on seven major tasks such as unit flexibility enhancement, comprehensive utilization of industrial by-products, and new energy project development, seven Party member tackling-difficulty groups have been established, implementing "one project one posted sign, one Party member one commitment, one task one closed loop", promoting the "one point one strategy" tackling-difficulty plan, refining goals, responsibilities, milestones, and acceptance standards. Sixteen Party member responsibility zones have been set up, five Party member vanguard posts established, four Party member commando teams and one Party member service team formed, building a platform for practical work and innovation creation, promoting a whole situation through a single point (以点带面, yi dian dai mian - "use, one, point, lead, whole, surface"), with all-out effort across the entire domain, achieving 19 safe unit starts and stops within the year, high-quality completion of the No. 4 unit's fine overhaul; Units No.. 3 and No.. 4 were rated as 4A-class winning units by the China Electricity Council for 2025, with the plant-wide equivalent availability factor reaching 96.49%, and the reliability, economy, and environmental protection levels of units under deep peak-shaving and frequent start-stop conditions significantly improved.
Third, youth charge forward at the front, demonstrating responsibility. Young backbone personnel are placed at the frontline of production projects to experience storms and temper their skills. Relying on provincial-level employee innovation studios to deepen tackling-difficulty practice, concentrating efforts to break through on-site practical operation pain points and technical bottlenecks; through the Youth Management Forum, discussions and tackling of difficulties are carried out; three youth commando teams have been formed, organizing young employees to actively devote themselves to energy supply guarantee during peak summer demand and important periods, successfully completing a 163-day ultra-long-cycle heating supply guarantee task, helping the enterprise achieve continuous safe production exceeding 7,000 days, continuously consolidating the situation of safe and stable development.
Closed-loop verification of results, strengthening implementation guarantees. Persisting in whole-process management and control, all-round guarantee, and whole-chain incentives, a three-in-one guarantee system of organization, mechanism, and incentives is constructed, using rigid constraints to compact responsibilities, using positive incentives to stimulate vitality, ensuring tackling-difficulty projects land effectively, produce results, and operate sustainably over the long term.
First, strengthen organizational guarantees, build strong tackling-difficulty fortresses. Compact the Party organization's primary responsibility and the secretary's first-responsibility responsibility, incorporating secretary-led tackling-difficulty projects into the annual Party building key work list. Relying on Party Day activities and Party building work meetings for special deployment and advancement, guiding Party members to take the initiative in resource integration and business coordination, clearing work bottlenecks.
Second, implement mechanism guarantees firmly, close-loop process management and control. Improve the whole-chain closed-loop management and control mechanism for tackling difficulties, implement task list-based and ledger-based management, refine goal division, time milestones, advancement measures, and acceptance standards, dynamically grasp project progress through regular inspections and on-site supervision. Timely summarize mature experience from tackling-difficulty practice, solidify it into institutional norms, opening up the complete chain of project establishment, process management and control, assessment and evaluation, and demonstration and promotion.
Third, improve incentive guarantees, establish a practical-work orientation. Persist in combining strict management with care, resolutely break egalitarianism, formulate and implement the "Reward and Punishment Management Measures for Special Work Groups", directly linking tackling-difficulty results with performance assessment, evaluation of excellence, and selection of awards. Individuals and teams with outstanding actual results are commended and publicized; those lagging behind in advancement are promptly given admonishing talks, reminders, and urged to rectify, establishing the evaluation yardstick of "judging heroes by actual results, determining merits by tackling difficulties, assessing levels by practical effectiveness", laying institutional support for the normal, sustained, and long-term development of tackling difficulties.
(Huadian Xinzhou Guangyu Coal Power Co., Ltd.)
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