Summary: The article argues that enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations is essential for transforming institutional advantages into governance effectiveness and upholding the Party Central Committee's authority. It outlines the significance of this effort, including its role in advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party and complementing national laws. The piece reviews achievements since the 18th National Congress, such as forming a relatively complete system of Party internal regulations, and distills six experiences, including adherence to Xi Jinping's guidance and the unity of grasping the "key minority" and managing the "vast majority." It proposes five paths forward: improving regulation quality, enhancing publicity and education, implementing responsibility systems, strengthening supervision, and shaping a culture of Party internal regulations. The author is identified as a national first-level professor and director of the Party Internal Regulations Research Center of Wuhan University.
Summary: The article argues that Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, as systematically compiled in the *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, provides the scientific guide for fulfilling the cultural mission of the new era, with the Two Integrations as its core thread. It emphasizes the "second integration" as another ideological emancipation, which consolidates cultural subjectivity and opens new space for cultural innovation. The *Selected Works* proposes original concepts such as cultural subjectivity and the "Two Creations" policy, systematically revealing the unique laws of Chinese civilization's development. The author, Director of the Department of Scientific Socialism Teaching and Research at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, concludes that studying the *Selected Works* requires transforming the Two Integrations methodology into concrete actions in cultural development.
Summary: The article recounts Mao Zedong's 1929 "Conversation Before the Cave" with Deng Zihui, in which Mao defined a leader's task as serving as a transmitter for the masses, conveying their opinions to the Party committee for decision-making and return. It argues this mass line—"from the masses, to the masses"—remains vital, citing Xi Jinping's emphasis on adhering to it in all governance. For leading cadres in the new era, the key lies in "knowing" (maintaining close ties and understanding the masses, including online), "feeling" (having genuine affection and empathy for the masses), and "substance" (solid work style, measures, and results). The piece urges cadres to draw historical wisdom from the conversation, improve mass work under new conditions, and gather the people's strength to advance Chinese modernization.
Summary: The remarks emphasize that independent cultivation remains the primary channel for talent development, requiring adherence to talent growth laws and comprehensive improvement of education quality to continuously cultivate reserve forces for basic research. The speaker calls for coordinated implementation of the Top-Notch Plan, the Strengthening Foundation Plan, and the Elite Plan, with early cultivation during basic education and an improved integrated undergraduate-master's-doctoral model to produce more top-notch innovative talents in basic disciplines. Additionally, the remarks stress optimizing the mechanism for collaborative education between science and education, focusing on discovering and cultivating high-level talents at the front line of scientific research.
Summary: The article argues that Western economic theories frequently fail to explain China's economy and should not be applied mechanically without regard to context. It cites systematic underestimates of China's growth, the failure of "shock therapy" prescriptions compared to China's gradual reform, and deviations in analyzing domestic demand, structural adjustment, and the role of government. The author attributes these deviations to Western frameworks' reliance on capital returns, idealized market assumptions, homogeneous economy models, and passive government roles, which contrast with China's multi-objective, transitional, and large-country realities. The piece calls for building an independent Chinese economic theory system guided by Xi Jinping's economic thought, drawing on Western economics' beneficial components while solving problems of input, transformation, output, and testing. The author is identified as Executive Vice President of the Institute for China Development Planning at Tsinghua University.
Summary: The article argues that emerging consumption, particularly AI-enabled products, has become a key driver of domestic demand during the National Day holiday, citing data on increased foot traffic and AI appliance sales. It characterizes emerging consumption as personalized, experience-oriented, intelligent, green, and segmented, spanning areas such as smart homes, health, and cultural leisure. The piece identifies challenges including weak supply-side innovation, scenario imitation, and lagging regulation, and proposes measures to expand supply, innovate scenarios, and improve standards. Recommendations include developing niche markets for youth, families, and the elderly, promoting integrated online-offline development, and exercising inclusive and prudent regulation. The author is a researcher at the Institute of Market and Price Research of the Academy of Macroeconomic Research, China.
Summary: The article argues that enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations is essential for transforming institutional advantages into governance effectiveness and upholding the Party Central Committee's authority. It outlines the significance of this effort, including its role in advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party and complementing national laws. The piece reviews achievements since the 18th National Congress, such as forming a relatively complete system of Party internal regulations, and distills six experiences, including adherence to Xi Jinping's guidance and the unity of grasping the "key minority" and managing the "vast majority." It proposes five paths forward: improving regulation quality, enhancing publicity and education, implementing responsibility systems, strengthening supervision, and shaping a culture of Party internal regulations. The author is identified as a national first-level professor and director of the Party Internal Regulations Research Center of Wuhan University.
Summary: The article discusses the need to precisely identify and combat "soft violence" organized crime, which uses tactics like harassment, stalking, and public-opinion blackmail instead of physical violence. It notes that while traditional criminal gangs have been curbed, organized crime has transformed toward "soft violence" and cyber-enabled operations, prompting the Party Central Committee to designate such activities as a key target for severe punishment. The piece outlines harms including infringement on citizens' rights, disruption of economic order, and challenges to rule of law, and proposes measures such as unifying judicial standards, strengthening clue screening, tackling major cases, improving case-handling mechanisms, and coordinating discipline inspection with law enforcement. It emphasizes whole-chain governance, including source governance through industry regulation and platform oversight, to eradicate the social soil for criminal gangs.
Summary: The article discusses the need to better protect consumer rights in China's cross-border e-commerce, noting that 140 million people shopped globally through this channel in the first half of 2026. It highlights ongoing problems such as information asymmetry, long regulatory chains, and unclear responsible entities, and reviews recent institutional developments including the 2024 Regulations on the Implementation of the Consumer Rights Protection Law and the April 2025 Measures for Handling Complaints and Reports. The piece emphasizes that cross-border e-commerce platforms should bear primary responsibility, proposing full-process handling mechanisms, information disclosure obligations, and product quality risk controls. It also advocates for online dispute resolution and improved complaint handling rules to lower the cost of rights assertion for consumers. Finally, it calls for international rule mutual recognition, cross-border regulatory cooperation, and legal countermeasures against discriminatory foreign measures to strengthen consumer protection.
Summary: The article argues that Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, as systematically compiled in the *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture*, provides the scientific guide for fulfilling the cultural mission of the new era, with the Two Integrations as its core thread. It emphasizes the "second integration" as another ideological emancipation, which consolidates cultural subjectivity and opens new space for cultural innovation. The *Selected Works* proposes original concepts such as cultural subjectivity and the "Two Creations" policy, systematically revealing the unique laws of Chinese civilization's development. The author, Director of the Department of Scientific Socialism Teaching and Research at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, concludes that studying the *Selected Works* requires transforming the Two Integrations methodology into concrete actions in cultural development.
Summary: China Mobile, as a central state-owned enterprise in the cybersecurity and informatization sector, has leveraged its digital-intelligent technology and network coverage advantages to explore new methods for the popularization and precise dissemination of the Party's innovative theories. The company uses big data, AI algorithms, and user profiling to achieve precise segmented push notifications for different groups, and has launched the "New Power" digital-intelligent lecturer "Chunmuxuan" to enhance interactivity. It has built an integrated online-offline lecture platform, including the "New Power" online live broadcast room and the "Red Cloud Collection" platform, which has aggregated more than 600 red lecture and VR contents from over 540 co-built red bases. The company has also opened more than 40 theoretical learning zones and carried out cultural creation activities, forming a high-frequency red dissemination belt. China Mobile will continue to deepen the digital-intelligent empowerment of online dissemination of the Party's innovative theories to gather broader ideological consensus for the construction of a cyber power and a digital China.
Summary: The article, authored by the Secretary of the Binzhou Municipal Party Committee of Shandong Province, outlines the city's strategy to advance its cultural and tourism industry toward higher-level iteration and upgrading, following General Secretary Xi Jinping's emphasis on high-quality development in this sector. The approach is structured around five principles: "culture as the soul" to consolidate the foundation, "projects as the bridge" to build firm support, "distinctive features as the key" to cultivate advantages, "integration as the path" to activate momentum, and "service as the foundation" to optimize the environment. Specific measures include excavating cultural resources like Yellow River, Sun Tzu, and Qi culture, advancing key projects and infrastructure, developing differentiated products and models, and deepening integrations with sports, industry, health, and agriculture. The article also stresses improving service quality, market order, and safety governance to create a first-class cultural and tourism ecosystem.
Summary: The Party Committee of China Huadian Engineering Co., Ltd. has studied Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building to guide high-quality development, placing political building first and implementing mechanisms such as the "first agenda item" system and closed-loop management. It promotes deep integration of Party building with production, including grassroots practices like "building Party branches on ships" for offshore wind projects, which won national awards, and an industrial chain empowerment action forming 86 Party member vanguard teams. The company also integrates overseas publicity and ESG performance, with its Bali Power Plant's coral reef restoration listed as a "Marine Ecological Demonstration Project" by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment. Party building leads scientific and technological innovation, with over 20 national research tasks, 166 new patents in the first half of 2026, and strategic emerging industries exceeding 40% of revenue. Facing the 15th Five-Year Plan, the Party Committee will deepen the "Four Strengths, Four Promotions" project to contribute to national energy security, the "dual carbon" goal, and Chinese modernization.
Summary: The article reviews the 1996 film *The Long March*, directed by Zhai Junjie and starring Tang Guoqiang, which commemorates the 60th anniversary of the Red Army's Long March and depicts key events from the Battle of the Xiang River to the Zunyi Conference and final victory in 1936. It highlights the film's documentary-style portrayal of the Red Army's suffering and sacrifice, including the reduction of the Central Red Army from over 86,000 to just over 30,000 men, and its restoration of the Zunyi Conference's correction of erroneous military lines. The piece quotes General Secretary Xi Jinping on the Long March spirit, emphasizing ideals, truth-seeking, unity, and people's support, and frames the march as a testing of truth and an awakening of the people. It concludes by invoking Xi's call for each generation to walk its own Long March road, urging continued effort toward the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article discusses how plain, sincere writings by ordinary people—such as a migrant worker's remembrance of his deceased mother—have moved readers online, attributing their power to genuine life experience and honesty rather than literary technique. It argues that these works resonate because they reflect shared emotions and destinies, and that internet technology has lowered the threshold for literary expression, enabling the masses to tell their own stories without needing professional "ghostwriters." The piece notes that while such folk writing can inspire professional literature, it must guard against homogenization, algorithmic repetition, and platforms packaging "ordinary people" as selling points. The author, identified as deputy editor-in-chief of *Selected Novels*, concludes that this scattered, point-like literary creation will eventually converge into a vast emotional galaxy, potentially nurturing true masterpieces.
Summary: Li Haiying, composer of "The Crescent Moon," traced the song's inspiration to traditional Chinese culture and invited Liu Huan to perform it, believing Liu Huan's musical genius and innovative style could carry it to every household. Liu Huan added a high note and falsetto passage, helping the song become a classic, and in 2008 flew back from the United States to perform it as the finale at Li Haiying's Guangzhou concert. Li Haiying recalled Liu Huan's sincerity and truthfulness toward music and honors, noting the concert did not pay Liu Huan market rates due to organizers' financial limits. Liu Huan's version blended Cantonese pop and northern folk ballads with traditional flute elements, conveying homesickness with greater depth than other renditions. The song topped the Guangdong Pop Music Chart, won multiple awards, and earned both men the 30th Anniversary of Reform and Opening Up Pop Music Golden Melody Medal in 2008.
Summary: The article describes autonomous laboratories, which integrate AI large models and embodied intelligence with robotic hardware to independently conduct scientific experiments, forming a closed loop of hypothesis, verification, data feedback, and iterative optimization. It highlights how these labs break efficiency bottlenecks through 7×24-hour operation, high-throughput parallel processing, and precision beyond human limits, positioning them as a strategic high ground globally. International examples include the UK's "Adam" and mobile robot chemist, and U.S. efforts like "A-Lab" and "Coscientist," while China is accelerating catch-up with cases like "Xiaolai" and routine operations in Beijing and Shanghai. The piece notes China's policy support, including State Council "AI+" action and local plans, but acknowledges gaps in data scarcity, model hallucination, high costs, and limited deployment in complex fields like biological breeding. The author is a researcher at Pujiang National Laboratory.
Summary: The article discusses how to stimulate social vitality in scientific donations in China, following Xi Jinping's call to encourage social forces to fund basic research through diversified means. It identifies bottlenecks in current policies, including rigid qualification standards for recipient institutions, unclear accounting rules for basic research expenditures, and insufficient tax incentive intensity for long-cycle projects. Proposed solutions include establishing special fund accounts with "use look-through" management, creating a joint dynamic evaluation mechanism for subject qualifications, extending carry-forward deduction periods, and building platforms like a national special donation fund with government matching. Regulatory reforms would shift from strict prior approval to stricter post-hoc supervision, with disclosure obligations and a blacklist system to ensure compliance.
Summary: General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 2026 World Artificial Intelligence Conference and the High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance, raising four major questions of the era, including "When the gap continues to widen, how can universal benefit be achieved?" The article argues that the intelligence divide is widening, as high-income countries account for 87% of the world's important models and 91% of cumulative venture capital investment in AI startups, while 2.2 billion people lack internet access. It calls for building basic AI capabilities as a public good, removing unfair technological restrictions, and opposing crude long-arm jurisdiction and export controls. The piece emphasizes that developed countries should help Global South countries fill gaps through technological assistance and capacity-building, citing China's "Global AI Governance Initiative" and the "AI Capacity-Building Action Plan for Good and for All" as demonstrative achievements. It concludes that inclusive AI requires moving from tool accessibility to capacity autonomy, with platforms like the World AI Cooperation Organization providing important support.
Summary: The article argues that science and technology are reshaping biodiversity conservation in China, moving it from experience-based methods toward precision governance, as outlined in the 20th National Congress report and the "15th Five-Year Plan" for Ecological Protection. It highlights achievements including a preliminary national monitoring network of 214 comprehensive ecological quality monitoring stations and 16,400 sample plots, as well as breakthroughs in artificial breeding for flagship species like the giant panda and crested ibis. Challenges identified include insufficient basic research, gaps in the monitoring network, lagging standards for emerging technologies, low intelligence levels, and inadequate investment and talent. Future directions call for strengthening basic theory research, building an integrated "sky-ground-sea" intelligent monitoring network, establishing unified standards and data-sharing mechanisms, and deepening AI integration. The author is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and president of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.
Summary: The article discusses exploring cluster-based group development in collective forest areas, which account for over 60 percent of China's total forest land, as a means to advance rural revitalization and high-quality development. It outlines favorable conditions, including advancing contiguous consolidation, ecological-industrial synergy, rural collective economic growth, and improving institutional support, while noting unfavorable factors such as unclear cross-regional forest rights policies and talent shortages. The piece proposes optimization paths, including clarifying strategies, improving governance systems, deepening cross-regional collaborative governance, building a full-chain green forest industry, strengthening technological empowerment, and coordinating policy safeguards. It emphasizes respecting forest farmers' voluntary will, ending forced land consolidation, and promoting tools like forest tickets and carbon sink certificates. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article argues that China's ecological security faces prominent hidden risks, and the traditional governance model is inadequate, making it urgent to build a modernized monitoring system and consolidate the foundation of "intelligent prevention" (智防). It proposes building a three-dimensional intelligent monitoring network with hierarchical classification and full-domain coverage, targeting the national "three zones and four belts" ecological security barrier and key regions like the Yellow and Yangtze River basins. It also calls for establishing a multi-source integrated, intelligent risk analysis and judgment mechanism, including a national ecological security big data platform that breaks through data silos and applies AI models. Finally, it recommends improving the monitoring, early warning, and response system with peacetime-emergency linkage, digital twin-based emergency decision support, and deepened cross-departmental and cross-regional coordinated linkage mechanisms.
By: 周叶中
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out, "Improve the system of Party internal regulations, and enhance the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations." The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made major arrangements for "deepening the reform of the Party's construction system," and once again emphasized "improving Party internal regulations and enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations." Under the new situation where a relatively complete system of Party internal regulations has been formed and full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is being advanced persistently and continuously (持之以恒, chizhi yihang - "hold on, with perseverance"), focusing on enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations has become an inevitable choice for transforming the institutional advantages of Party internal regulations into governance effectiveness, and for ensuring that the Party always remains the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
The Important Significance of Enhancing the Authority and Enforcement of Party Internal Regulations
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Uphold the authority of laws, regulations, and systems, so that iron rules exert their might and iron discipline takes effect." The vitality of the Party internal regulation system lies in its enforcement. Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations is an important measure for promoting the high-quality development of the Party internal regulation system, and is of great significance for resolutely upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, giving play to the political guarantee role of governing the Party by regulations, promoting the improvement of the Party's self-revolution institutional normative system, and using governance of the Party by regulations to lead and guarantee law-based governance.
An inevitable requirement for resolutely upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "The most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the greatest strength of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China." To uphold and strengthen the Party's leadership in all respects, the primary task is to resolutely uphold the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Since the beginning of the new era, the construction of the Party internal regulation system has always taken improving the system of the Two Upholds (两个维护) as the primary task of establishing rules and regulations, and has implemented it in all aspects, including the Party's organizational regulations, leadership regulations, self-construction regulations, and supervision and guarantee regulations, consolidating the institutional foundation for resolutely upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations can strictly enforce the Party's political discipline and political rules with institutional rigidity, promptly investigate and deal with problems such as disobeying orders and prohibitions, and promote the broad masses of Party members and cadres to consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thought, politics, and action, ensuring that the Party always remains the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
An inevitable requirement for promoting the transformation of Party internal regulations from "rules" to "governance." The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed, "Continuously demonstrate the institutional advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, continuously enhance the driving force and vitality of socialist modernization, and better transform China's institutional advantages into national governance effectiveness." Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations is an important measure for transforming the institutional advantages of Party internal regulations into governance effectiveness, and for using "the governance of the Communist Party of China" to lead "the governance of China." By improving the mechanisms for formulating Party internal regulations and building a complete closed loop for institutional implementation, our Party promotes the implementation and yielding of results (落地见效, luodi jianxiao - "land, see effect") of Party internal regulations, transforms the political, organizational, and institutional advantages embodied in Party internal regulations into governance effectiveness that unites people's hearts and efforts (凝心聚力, ningxin juli - "condense heart, gather strength"), rectifies conduct and discipline, and overcomes tough problems and difficulties (攻坚克难, gongjian kenan - "attack key, overcome difficulty"), safeguards the high-quality development of the Party and the country's cause with the high-quality construction of Party internal regulations, and fully gives play to the political guarantee role of Party internal regulations for the Party's long-term governance and the country's maintenance of long-term stability and peace (长治久安, changzhi jiuan - "long rule, long peace").
An inevitable requirement for persistently and continuously advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is always on the way, and the Party's self-revolution is always on the way. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the major proposition of "improving the Party's self-revolution institutional normative system" and listed "enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations" as an important measure for improving the Party's self-revolution institutional normative system. Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations will effectively promote the entire Party to implement strict standards, strict measures, and a strict atmosphere throughout the entire process and in all aspects of Party building on the track of institutions, ensure that the entire Party consciously struggles against all factors that harm the Party's advanced nature and purity, and continuously purify the Party's political ecology.
An inevitable requirement for giving play to the complementary role of Party internal regulations and national laws. Correctly handling the relationship between law-based governance and governance of the Party by regulations is a major issue that must be answered in the construction of a rule-of-law China. "Adhering to the organic unity of law-based governance and governance of the Party by regulations," as the "twelfth adherence" in the core essence of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, provides fundamental guidance for the coordinated advancement and integrated construction of law-based governance and governance of the Party by regulations. Party internal regulations are stricter than national laws and stand before national laws; they can both regulate the Party's leadership and all aspects of Party building and lead the construction of national rule of law. Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations will fully give play to the complementary role of Party internal regulations and national laws. Through Party internal regulations such as the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Leading the Work of Comprehensive Law-Based Governance and the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Political and Legal Work, the institutionalized level of the Party's leadership in legislation, guarantee of law enforcement, support of judicature, and taking the lead in abiding by the law will be improved, ensuring scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial judicature, and law-abiding by all the people, and leading the social rule-of-law atmosphere with Party members and cadres taking the lead in respecting, learning, abiding by, and applying the law, thereby using governance of the Party by regulations to lead and guarantee law-based governance.
Achievements and Experience in Enhancing the Authority and Enforcement of Party Internal Regulations
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has taken governance of the Party by regulations as the basic way of managing and governing the Party, strengthened the top-level design and overall planning of the construction of the Party internal regulation system, advanced the construction of Party internal regulations in an all-round and three-dimensional manner, significantly enhanced the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations, and achieved historic achievements in governing the Party by regulations. First, adhering to establishing regulations first, a relatively complete system of Party internal regulations has been formed. The Party Central Committee issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of the Party Internal Regulation System, convened two national conferences on Party internal regulation work, formulated three five-year plans for the formulation of central Party internal regulations, organized three centralized cleanups of Party internal regulations and normative documents throughout the Party, systematically advanced the "erection of pillars and beams" and "addition of bricks and tiles" of Party internal regulations, and formed a relatively complete system of Party internal regulations on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. Second, strictly enforcing regulations and maintaining the authority of Party internal regulations. Our Party has incorporated the implementation of Party internal regulations into the key content of supervision and inspection and inspection tours, strictly enforced discipline and accountability for violations of regulations and discipline, eliminated the phenomenon of "scarecrow" and "paper tiger" systems, and significantly improved the implementation of Party internal regulations. Various regions and departments have adopted measures such as carrying out special inspections and implementation evaluations of Party internal regulations and establishing grassroots observation points for the implementation of Party internal regulations, breaking through the "last kilometer" of the implementation of Party internal regulations and maintaining the seriousness and authority of Party internal regulations. Third, good regulations and good governance, demonstrating the governance effectiveness of Party internal regulations. Our Party has coordinated the advancement of improving the quality of institutional supply and enhancing the effectiveness of institutional implementation, using good regulations to improve governance effectiveness and good governance to release institutional power, and coordinated the advancement of "good regulations and good governance." In the process of establishing regulations, our Party has always adhered to a problem-oriented, practice-oriented, and demand-oriented approach, refined supporting systems, made up for institutional shortcomings, and cleaned up outdated norms, ensuring that various Party internal regulations conform to objective reality, fit governance needs, and meet the expectations of the masses, providing high-quality institutional supply for the scientific and orderly development of governance of the Party by regulations. In the process of enforcing regulations, our Party has adopted measures such as strict enforcement of regulations, precise supervision of regulations, and promotion of compliance with regulations, transforming the institutional advantages of Party internal regulations into governance effectiveness, and achieving a virtuous cycle in which good regulations stand firm, good governance proceeds steadily, and governance effectiveness is sustainable.
In the new era, enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations has not only yielded rich institutional achievements but also accumulated a series of valuable experiences. First, adhering to the fundamental guidance of the Party's innovative theories. Thought is the forerunner of action, and theory is the guide to practice. To enhance the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations, it is necessary to always be guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on governing the Party by regulations, and ensure that the construction of Party internal regulations always adheres to the correct political direction. Second, adhering to the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the construction of the Party internal regulation system has always taken improving the institutional mechanism of the Two Upholds as the primary task, ensuring the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee from an institutional perspective. Third, adhering to serving the overall work of the Party and the country. To enhance the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations, it is necessary to closely focus on the overall planning of advancing the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the coordinated advancement of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, place it within the overall work of the Party and the country, ensure that the construction of Party internal regulations always serves the central tasks of the Party and the country, and better give play to the leading and guarantee role of Party internal regulations for the development of the Party and the country's cause. Fourth, adhering to the simultaneous advancement of ideological Party building and institutional Party governance. Adhering to the simultaneous advancement of ideological Party building and institutional Party governance is a valuable experience in enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations. Ideological Party building focuses on strengthening the foundation and cultivating vitality (固本培元, gubeny peiyuan - "strengthen foundation, cultivate origin") and consolidating the soul, using the publicity and education of Party internal regulations to cultivate Party members and cadres' belief in Party internal regulations and solve the problem of ideological consciousness of Party members and cadres in observing regulations and discipline. Institutional Party governance focuses on rigid constraints, using Party discipline as a backing to promote Party organizations and Party members and cadres to strictly observe regulations and discipline, and promote the implementation and yielding of results of Party internal regulations. Fifth, adhering to the spirit of being persistent and meticulous (钉钉子精神, dingdingzi jingshen - "nail, nail spirit") in strictly grasping the implementation of the Party internal regulation system. There is no special trick in implementing the Party internal regulation system; the key lies in earnest implementation, relying on strict management. It is necessary to strictly grasp the implementation of Party internal regulations, resolutely correct phenomena such as arbitrary adaptation, malicious evasion, and disregard for the system, while maintaining perseverance and tenacity, making efforts in the aspects of constancy and longevity, strictness and practicality, depth and detail, and focusing on cultivating habits and achieving results through management. Sixth, adhering to the unity of grasping the "key minority" and managing the "vast majority." Adhering to institutional Party governance and governance of the Party by regulations, the core is to establish rules, emphasize rules, and observe rules. It is necessary to be good at grasping the "key minority" of leading cadres, enabling them to lead by example (以身作则, yishen zuoze - "use self, act as rule") and set a model for others to follow (率先垂范, shuai xian chuifan - "take lead, set model"), and also to pay attention to managing the "vast majority," achieving full coverage and no exceptions in the objects of Party management and governance. Through the effective combination of the "theory of two points" and the "theory of emphasis," the tasks of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party are truly implemented in place.
Paths and Requirements for Enhancing the Authority and Enforcement of Party Internal Regulations
"Adhering to institutional Party governance and governance of the Party by regulations" is one of the Fourteen Commitments of Xi Jinping's Party building thought. Guided by Xi Jinping's Party building thought, continuously enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations should make coordinated efforts from five dimensions: institutional improvement, ideological cultivation, responsibility implementation, supervision strengthening, and cultural cultivation, so as to promote the continuous deepening and solidification of governance of the Party by regulations.
Improve the quality of Party internal regulation formulation, and continuously improve the Party internal regulation system with scientific content, rigorous procedures, complete supporting measures, and effective operation. Improving the quality of institutions is an important prerequisite for enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations. Do a good job in the "supply-side structural reform" of the Party internal regulation system, deepen the reform of the construction of the Party internal regulation system, focus on establishing rules and regulations in key areas and key links, enhance the scientificity, pertinence, and feasibility of Party internal regulations, and ensure that the Party internal regulations formulated and issued can stand firm, work smoothly, and manage effectively. Adhere to the full interconnection of institutions, so that the construction of Party internal regulations adapts to the needs of Party management and governance and fits with all aspects of Party building, making the institutions truly dense but not cumbersome, effective and practical.
Enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of publicity and education on Party internal regulations, and effectively cultivate the belief of the broad masses of Party members and cadres in Party internal regulations. The Ninth Five-Year Plan for Publicity and Education on the Rule of Law (2026-2030) of the Central Propaganda Department and the Ministry of Justice made important arrangements for "in-depth publicity of Party internal regulations," listing it as an important measure for enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations. Therefore, Party internal regulations should be incorporated into the compulsory learning content of the theoretical learning center groups of Party committees (Party groups), the "three meetings and one lesson" of grassroots Party organizations, and the key content of Party member learning and training, promote the normalization of respecting, learning, observing, and applying regulations, and guide the broad masses of Party members and cadres to understand laws and discipline, clarify rules, know reverence, and establish firm belief in Party internal regulations. Based on the performance risks of Party members and cadres in different positions, levels, and fields, carry out hierarchical, classified, precise, and targeted publicity and education on Party internal regulations, combine typical cases of violations of regulations and discipline to explain regulations through actual cases (以案释规, yi an shigu - "use case, explain rule") and clarify discipline through cases, educate people with things that happen around them, and educate and guide Party members and cadres to clarify institutional boundaries and revere institutional authority.
Strictly implement the responsibility system for the implementation of Party internal regulations, and strive to promote the implementation and yielding of results of the Party internal regulation system. To promote the implementation and yielding of results of Party internal regulations, it is necessary to firmly grasp the "ox nose" of the "implementation responsibility system," fully implement the relevant provisions of the Provisions of the Communist Party of China on the Responsibility System for the Implementation of Party Internal Regulations (Trial), establish and improve the responsibility system for regulation implementation with unified leadership of Party committees, overall coordination of Party committee general offices (offices), leadership and responsibility of competent departments, assistance and cooperation of relevant units, and strict supervision of Party discipline inspection organs, and build a responsibility system with clear subjects and clear requirements. Optimize the assessment mechanism for responsibility implementation, incorporate the implementation of Party internal regulations into the important indicators of the assessment of primary responsibility for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party and the annual assessment of leading bodies and leading cadres, and link the assessment results with the evaluation of excellence and the selection and appointment of cadres, so as to promote Party members and cadres to enhance their endogenous motivation for implementing Party internal regulations.
Improve the authoritative, efficient, interconnected, and coordinated supervision mechanism for institutional implementation, and truly let iron rules exert their force and prohibitions exert their might. Use supervision to transmit the responsibility and pressure of implementing Party internal regulations, identify the difficulties and blockages in the implementation of Party internal regulations in daily inspections and special inspections, and eliminate the ideological and institutional roots of ineffective implementation of Party internal regulations. It is necessary to promote the coordinated connection of disciplinary supervision, supervisory supervision, stationing supervision, and inspection supervision, promote the integration of various supervision forces, the alignment of procedures, and the integration of work in an integrated manner, promptly investigate and deal with deviations in the implementation of Party internal regulations with the joint force of interconnected and coordinated supervision, and for situations such as discounting, altering, or making choices in the implementation of Party internal regulations, pursue responsibility in accordance with regulations and discipline, leaving no "hidden doors" and opening no "skylights," so that Party internal regulations always remain "live high-voltage lines."
Shape the culture of Party internal regulations and create a good political ecology of observing regulations and discipline. Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations cannot be separated from the rich nourishment of the culture of Party internal regulations. Vigorously promote the culture of Party internal regulations of serving the public, abiding by the law, and observing regulations and discipline, carry out normalized learning and education on Party internal regulations, guide all Party members to firmly establish the concept that "everyone is equal before laws, regulations, and systems; there are no privileges in observing laws, regulations, and systems; and there are no exceptions in implementing laws, regulations, and systems," and effectively break privileged thinking and fluke mentality. Combine centralized education with regular education, promote the formation of a good atmosphere in which the entire Party consciously respects institutions, actively implements institutions, and resolutely maintains institutions, cultivate the Party's political ecology of observing regulations and discipline with the culture of Party internal regulations, and provide lasting cultural support for enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations.
(The author is a national first-level professor and director of the Party Internal Regulations Research Center of Wuhan University)
Return to TopBy: 董振华
Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is the theoretical summation of the Party's practical experience in leading cultural development in the new era, an original contribution made by upholding the Two Integrations in advancing Marxist cultural theory, and constitutes the cultural chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, providing a powerful ideological weapon and scientific guide to action for doing well the work of publicity, ideology, and culture on the new journey of the new era, promoting cultural prosperity, and building a strong cultural nation. The Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture (hereinafter referred to as the Selected Works) systematically collects 78 core works on cultural development by General Secretary Xi Jinping from November 2012 to February 2026, fully presenting the entire course of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture from gestation and formation to systematic expansion, and opening up a new realm in the Sinicization and modernization of Marxist cultural theory. Taking the Two Integrations as its core thread, the Selected Works achieves a series of original breakthroughs in Marxist cultural theory through the great practice of cultural development in the new era, and serves as the scientific guide for our Party in shouldering the cultural mission of the new era.
Systematically embodying the fundamental methodology of theoretical innovation of the Two Integrations
General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly pointed out that the Two Integrations are the greatest magic weapon for our success. This understanding of the laws of development has been systematically and fully presented in the Selected Works, prominently demonstrating that the Party's understanding of the laws governing the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics has reached a new height in the new era, and also fully displaying the scientific character of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture in achieving practical application of theories (明体达用, ming ti da yong - "bright, body, reach, use") and integrating theory with practical application (体用贯通, ti yong guan tong - "substance, use, penetrate, through").
Firmly holding fast to the "soul vein" of Marxism and unswervingly upholding Marxism's guiding position in the field of ideology. Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for our founding the party and the state (立党立国, li dang li guo - "establish, party, establish, nation") and prospering the party and the nation (兴党兴国, xing dang xing guo - "prosper, party, prosper, nation"), and is the banner and soul of socialist ideology. The Party's cultural theory systematically elaborated in the Selected Works always takes Marxism as its theoretical origin, deeply integrates the basic principles of Marxist cultural theory with the concrete cultural practice of China in the new era, and on fundamental questions such as the direction of cultural development, the path of cultural development, and the stance of cultural development, always maintains political resolve and theoretical sobriety, and absolutely never commits subversive errors on fundamental questions. This embodies the firm stance of cultural development in the new era of not being disturbed by noise and discordant voices and not being confused by erroneous ideological trends, ensuring that socialist culture with Chinese characteristics always advances along the correct direction.
Firmly taking root in the "root vein" of fine traditional Chinese culture and achieving a deep integration of Marxism with Chinese civilization. Fine traditional Chinese culture is the root and soul of the Chinese nation and our most profound cultural soft power. With a high degree of historical self-awareness and cultural self-awareness, the Selected Works breaks the past cognitive misconception of "setting Marxism in opposition to traditional Chinese culture" and profoundly reveals the high degree of compatibility between the two. The truth-force of Marxism has activated the powerful vitality of Chinese civilization, and the profound historical heritage of Chinese civilization has provided fertile soil for the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism. Through creative transformation and innovative development, Marxist cultural theory has achieved localization and nationalization, endowing the Party's cultural theory with both scientific truth and distinctive Chinese style and Chinese bearing.
Creatively proposing that "the 'second integration' is another ideological emancipation." This is a major theoretical innovation embodied in the Selected Works and has far-reaching historical and practical significance. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the "second integration" makes Marxism Chinese, makes fine traditional Chinese culture modern, and makes the new culture formed through "integration" the cultural form of Chinese modernization. As another ideological emancipation, the "second integration" both expands the cultural foundation of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, giving our path deeper historical depth and cultural support, and opens up new space for us to independently carry out cultural innovation, enabling us to explore future development paths in a broader cultural vision. This major thesis fundamentally consolidates the cultural subjectivity of contemporary China, giving us greater autonomy, creativity, and self-confidence in culture.
Systematically elucidating the great significance of the "second integration" and marking a new historical height. The Selected Works expounds from multiple dimensions including theory, practice, history, and culture, profoundly revealing the inevitable path for opening up and developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. The theory of the "second integration" has created a new pattern of theoretical innovation for the Communist Party of China, opened up a new realm for the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism, and marked a new historical leap in our Party's theoretical creativity, cultural subjectivity, and spiritual independence. With a broader vision and more proactive sense of responsibility, our Party clearly proposed the grand goal of "building a strong socialist cultural nation" at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Party in 2011; in 2012, "building a strong socialist cultural nation" was written into the report of the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party; in July 2016, at the meeting celebrating the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, our Party creatively incorporated cultural confidence into the Four Confidences, and subsequently clearly incorporated a strong cultural nation into the overall layout of building a strong modern socialist country. This historical leap is not only a deepening in theory but also a guide in practice, providing fundamental guidance and a guide to action for continuing to promote cultural prosperity and advance Chinese modernization on the new journey of the new era.
Centrally presenting the original contributions to Marxist cultural theory
Taking the Two Integrations as its main thread, the Selected Works combines the basic principles of Marxism with China's concrete reality and with fine traditional Chinese culture, and in the practice of cultural development in the new era, promotes a series of original breakthroughs in Marxist cultural theory, constructing a theoretical system with rigorous logic, rich connotations, and far-reaching influence. This theoretical system profoundly reveals the inherent laws of cultural development, clarifies the strategic position of culture in the process of national rejuvenation, and systematically answers major questions of the era such as what kind of culture to build and how to build culture in the new era.
Clearly proposing the major thesis of "cultural subjectivity." The proposal of this thesis elevates cultural confidence to a strategic height of "bearing on the rise and fall of the nation's fortunes, bearing on cultural security, and bearing on the independence of the national spirit," making it a fundamental and directional question concerning the overall cause of the Party and the state. This major thesis fundamentally consolidates the Chinese subjectivity foundation of Marxist cultural theory, enabling Marxist cultural theory to acquire profound civilizational heritage and distinctive national characteristics on Chinese soil. On July 1, 2016, in his important speech at the meeting celebrating the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping placed cultural confidence alongside confidence in the path, confidence in the theory, and confidence in the system, forming the major original expression of the Four Confidences, and clearly pointed out that "cultural confidence is a more fundamental, broader, and deeper confidence," reflecting that the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has gained a deeper understanding of the essence of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics and the laws of cultural development, clarifying the great significance of cultural confidence for promoting cultural prosperity and building a strong cultural nation, thereby elevating the strategic position of culture in the process of national rejuvenation to an unprecedented height.
Proposing a series of original concepts and new categories. These concepts and categories are not isolated innovations in wording but an organic whole that supports each other and is logically self-consistent. The original proposal of a series of brand-new core concepts such as "cultural subjectivity," "new cultural life form," "common prosperity in spiritual life," "civilizations exchanging and learning from each other" (文明交流互鉴, wen ming jiao liu hu jian - "civilization, exchange, mutual, learn"), and "common values of all mankind" enriches the conceptual system of Marxist cultural theory from different dimensions including cultural essence, cultural development momentum, cultural value goals, and principles of inter-civilizational exchange. These concepts profoundly respond to the major questions of the era facing contemporary Chinese cultural development and also scientifically answer the common concerns of the progress of human civilization, forming the distinctive theoretical markers of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture.
Systematically revealing the unique laws of development of Chinese civilization. The Selected Works completes an original theoretical construction of the logic of Chinese civilization's development from the perspective of a grand view of history, systematically summarizing the five prominent characteristics of Chinese civilization, namely continuity, innovativeness, unity, inclusiveness, and peacefulness, and profoundly explaining at the theoretical level the internal mechanism by which Chinese civilization has become the only great civilization in the world that has continued without interruption and developed to this day in the form of a state. This summary is based on the latest achievements of archaeology and history, and rises to the general laws of civilizational evolution, breaking the monopolistic narrative of Western-centrism over the logic of civilizational evolution. In recent years, relying on major research projects such as the "Project to Trace the Origins of Chinese Civilization" and "Archaeological China," Chinese archaeologists have continuously achieved new breakthroughs, not only substantiating China's more than 5,000-year history of civilization through the Liangzhu ancient city site, but also, based on Chinese archaeological practice, proposing a definition of civilization and Chinese solutions for determining entry into civilized society that conform to the characteristics of Chinese civilization, making original contributions to research on the origins of world civilization and breaking the monopoly of Western discourse at the academic level. We adhere to the classic Marxist formulation that "the state is the summation of civilized society," enabling Marxist civilizational theory to truly take root in the deep soil of Chinese civilization.
Systematically establishing the "Two Creations" policy for cultural development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has fully elaborated the practical path for the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, breaking the previous binary opposition misconception of either wholly negating or wholly restoring traditional culture, and pointing out the scientific direction for inheriting and promoting fine traditional Chinese culture in the new era. Creative transformation emphasizes transforming, according to the characteristics and requirements of the times, the connotations of traditional culture that have reference value and its outdated forms of expression, endowing them with new contemporary connotations and modern forms of expression; innovative development emphasizes supplementing, expanding, and perfecting the connotations of fine traditional Chinese culture according to the new progress and new developments of the times, enhancing its influence and appeal. The proposal of the "Two Creations" policy has caused the Chinese cultural lineage to radiate vigorous vitality anew in the new era, making fine traditional Chinese culture an important source for cultivating core socialist values, and also injecting distinctive Chinese civilizational characteristics into Marxist cultural theory, achieving a deep integration of Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture on the path of cultural development.
Constructing a theoretical framework for a new form of human civilization. General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the Global Civilization Initiative, advocating that different civilizations exchange, learn from each other, and coexist harmoniously, transcending the outdated logic of the Western "clash of civilizations" theory, contributing Chinese wisdom to the progress of human civilization, and greatly expanding the contemporary vision of Marxist civilizational theory. Creatively proposing a brand-new view of civilization in which civilizational exchanges and mutual learning transcend civilizational estrangement, emphasizing that civilizations are colorful, equal, and inclusive, and that no civilization should be placed in a privileged position above other civilizations. This view of civilization breaks the single narrative of "Western-centrism" and provides solid cultural theoretical support for building a community with a shared future for mankind and creating a new form of human civilization.
Forming a systematic overall layout for cultural development in the new era. Systematically elucidating that civilizational development must adhere to staying true to one's origins (不忘本来, bu wang ben lai - "not, forget, original, source"), absorbing from foreign cultures, and facing the future, this requirement covers ideological work, literary and artistic creation, the development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, and civilizational exchanges and mutual learning, forming a scientific system of action with rigorous logic. In ideological work, it emphasizes adhering to the fundamental system of Marxism's guiding position in the field of ideology and firmly grasping the leadership, management, and discourse power of ideological work; in literary and artistic creation, it adheres to a people-centered creative orientation and produces more excellent works that strengthen the people's spiritual strength; in the development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, it insists on putting social benefits first and unifying social benefits with economic benefits; in civilizational exchanges and mutual learning, it focuses on strengthening the building of international communication capacity and comprehensively enhancing the effectiveness of international communication. From the positioning of the extreme importance of ideological work, to the deployment of telling China's story well and enhancing national cultural soft power, to the strategic requirement of shouldering the cultural mission of the new era, a complete theoretical system covering all fields of cultural development has been formed.
Containing the profound heritage and broad feelings of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture
The publication and distribution of the Selected Works is itself an important collection of documents carrying the Party's cultural theoretical achievements of the new era, and is a concentrated manifestation of the cultural self-awareness, cultural confidence, and cultural responsibility of Chinese Communists in the new era, marking that our Party's understanding of the laws governing the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics has reached a new historical height, and has major and far-reaching political, theoretical, and world-historical significance.
Providing a fundamental ideological weapon for us to resolve the "ancient-modern, Chinese-Western debate." To open up and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics on the profound foundation of more than 5,000 years of Chinese civilization, adhering to combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's concrete reality and with fine traditional Chinese culture is the inevitable path. The Selected Works profoundly elucidates that the "second integration" is another ideological emancipation, enabling us to fully utilize the precious resources of fine traditional Chinese culture in a broader cultural space and explore theoretical and institutional innovation facing the future. It enables us to always maintain spiritual independence and self-reliance amid the complex and turbulent cultural currents of the world, neither blindly following and copying Western cultural models nor being closed and conservative in taking the old path of restoration, but rather, with firm cultural confidence and an open civilizational mind, unswervingly taking a path of developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics that is rooted in Chinese soil and manifests the characteristics of Chinese civilization.
Providing strong ideological and cultural support for advancing Chinese modernization. Chinese modernization is a modernization in which material civilization and spiritual civilization are coordinated; it requires both consolidating the material foundation through economic and technological development and providing spiritual impetus through cultural prosperity. The cultural thought elucidated in the Selected Works, with unified ideological consensus and powerful spiritual strength, gathers the mighty combined force of hundreds of millions of people, integrates cultural confidence into the spiritual temperament and cultural character of the entire nation, and cultivates an uplifting and enterprising spiritual outlook. It enables cultural soft power to truly become the hard-core driving force for advancing the building of a strong nation and national rejuvenation, enabling all the people to unite closely together in ideals, beliefs, values, and moral concepts, and injecting an inexhaustible spiritual source for us to continue winning new great victories in overcoming tough problems and difficulties (攻坚克难, gong jian ke nan - "attack, key, overcome, difficulty").
With original theoretical contributions, greatly enriching and developing the treasure house of Marxist cultural theory. Based on the vivid practice of cultural development in the new era, the Selected Works proposes a series of new thoughts, new viewpoints, and new theses with iconic and leading significance, profoundly revealing the general laws of cultural development and the special laws of socialist cultural construction, and elevating the understanding of the role of culture to an unprecedented height. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture has erected a new monument of cultural theory in the history of the development of Marxism, not only providing scientific guidance for continuing to promote cultural prosperity and build a strong cultural nation on the new journey of the new era, but also providing a brand-new Chinese solution for the cultural practice of the world socialist movement, demonstrating the powerful truth-force and practical force that Marxism radiates in the cultural field.
To study the Selected Works in depth, the key is to truly transform the methodology of the Two Integrations into concrete actions in cultural development. We must always firmly grasp the leadership of ideological work in our hands, consolidate Marxism's guiding position in the field of ideology, and consolidate the common ideological foundation of the whole Party and the people of the whole country in striving together. Activate the vitality of fine traditional Chinese culture with the "Two Creations" policy, so that cultural relics collected in museums, heritage displayed on the vast land, and characters written in ancient books all come to life. Accelerate the construction of a Chinese discourse and Chinese narrative system, strive to create new concepts, new categories, and new expressions that integrate Chinese and foreign elements, continuously enhance China's international communication capacity, and present to the world a credible, lovable, and respectable image of China.
[The author is Director of the Department of Scientific Socialism Teaching and Research at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance)]
Return to TopBy: 本报评论员 王君琦
One autumn evening in 1929, before the Zhenbei Rock Cave in Sujiapo, Shanghang, Fujian, Mao Zedong walked and discussed theoretical and revolutionary questions with Deng Zihui, secretary of the Western Fujian Special Committee. Mao Zedong posed this question: "What, in the final analysis, is the task of a leader?" Although Deng Zihui had long led the revolutionary struggle in western Fujian, he lacked deep theoretical reflection on this question and could not answer at once. Mao Zedong said: "In my view, a leader has no particularly remarkable ability; his task lies in serving as a transmitter for the masses, conveying the opinions of the majority of the masses to the Party committee, which summarizes, analyzes, and makes decisions on the basis of the masses' opinions, and then conveys them back to the masses." After hearing this, Deng Zihui was deeply enlightened and could not help nodding in agreement. This is the famous "Conversation Before the Cave" in the history of the Party.
"A flash of light passes in an instant; the ornamental column endures for a thousand years." More than ninety years have passed since the "Conversation Before the Cave," yet the mass line it embodies — "from the masses, to the masses" — has, through the vicissitudes of history, remained fresh after a long period (历久弥新, li jiu mi xin - "pass long time, become new") and shining brightly (熠熠生辉, yi yi sheng hui - "shining, shining"). The mass line is the Party's lifeline and fundamental line of work, which our Party has gradually formed, consistently upheld, and continuously improved through the creative application of historical materialism in the great practice of revolution, construction, reform, and the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized: "Whether in the past, the present, or the future, we must adhere to everything for the masses, rely on the masses for everything, come from the masses and go to the masses, turn the Party's correct propositions into the masses' conscious action, and carry the mass line through all activities of governance." At present, the Party's mass work faces new challenges and new tasks; the targets of mass work are more diverse, and the working environment is more complex. These require us to continuously draw historical wisdom from the "Conversation Before the Cave," strive to improve our ability to do mass work well under the new circumstances, and truly serve as transmitters for the masses. For leading cadres to follow the Party's mass line well in the new era, the key lies in "knowing," the essence lies in "feeling," and the weight lies in "substance."
"Knowing" means maintaining close ties with the masses, going deep into the grassroots to understand the masses, and knowing what the masses think, desire, and look forward to. Maintaining close ties with the masses is a process of being fused with the masses in blood and flesh. Leading cadres should persist in conducting in-depth investigation and research, often going to the fields and furrows to hear needs, frequently sitting on the heated brick beds of the common people to learn of their hardships, keeping a clear account of the affairs of every household, and truly gathering together "the opinions of the majority of the masses." Especially under modern information-based conditions, the more convenient transportation becomes, the more we must guard against becoming estranged from the masses; the more channels of information there are, the more we must guard against disregarding public opinion; the more developed means of communication become, the more we must guard against failing to hear true voices. We must deeply study and grasp the characteristics and laws of mass work under the new circumstances, continuously improve our ability to do mass work online, extend and expand the work of organizing, publicizing, guiding, and serving the masses into cyberspace, consciously learn to use the internet, understand it, and employ it, and be adept at using the internet to absorb public opinion, gather popular wisdom, and guide public sentiment, turning this greatest variable of the internet into the greatest increment for the development of our cause.
"Feeling" means having affection for the masses, truly regarding oneself as a member of the masses, and doing mass work with feeling. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized: "Feeling is a very essential thing; doing down-to-earth actions without feeling is nothing but 'posturing.'" When leading cadres do things with feeling, the masses experience it differently. Leading cadres should take "whether the villagers are smiling or crying" as an important criterion for testing their work, pay attention to observing the lives of the masses from the subtle changes in their emotions, and reflect on the effects of policies. They should continuously cultivate and enhance their affection for the masses, communicate with the masses by blending reason and emotion, willingly and wholeheartedly (心甘情愿, xin gan qing yuan - "heart, willing, feeling, willing") seek advice from the people, empathizing with others' experiences (感同身受, gan tong shen shou - "feel, same, body, receive") the pain points and difficult problems of the masses, and empathizing by putting oneself in another's shoes (将心比心, jiang xin bi xin - "take, heart, compare, heart") to win true hearts, so that the relationship between cadres and the masses truly becomes one of having a close and harmonious relationship (鱼水交融, yu shui jiao rong - "fish, water, intermingle, blend").
"Substance" means a solid work style, solid measures, and solid results. The masses have sharp eyes, and doing practical things for the people admits of not the slightest using tricks or shortcuts to gain advantage (投机取巧, tou ji qu qiao - "speculate, take, cunning, skill"). Leading cadres should keep their eyes downward, sink their bodies down, put on no airs, speak no bureaucratic jargon, seek no empty fame, and do no empty work. They should firmly rely on the masses, boldly mobilize and organize the masses, listen to both "what is sung" and observe "what is done," do practical things and seek practical results, and continuously improve their ability to solve the masses' practical problems. Starting from the issues the masses care about most, they should use the most solid measures to unblock bottlenecks, ease pain points, and eliminate blind spots, and make every effort to solve the practical problems closely related or intimately connected (息息相关, xi xi xiang guan - "breath, breath, mutually, connected") to the lives of the masses.
"The country is the people, and the people are the country." The people are the greatest source of confidence in our Party's governance, and mass work is the Party's house specialty. On the new journey of the new era, leading cadres must make better use of the mass line, this heirloom with which our Party forever maintains youthful vitality and fighting strength, firmly uphold the people's standpoint, cultivate deep affection for the masses, always maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the people, respect the people's principal position and pioneering spirit, fully stimulate the initiative, creativity, and enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of people, and gather the mighty force to advance Chinese modernization.
Return to TopIndependent cultivation has always been the main channel for talent development. We must follow the laws of talent growth, comprehensively improve the quality of education, and continuously and without end (源源不断, yuan yuan bu duan - "source, source, not, continuous") cultivate reserve forces for basic research. We should coordinate the implementation of the Top-Notch Plan, the Strengthening Foundation Plan, and the Elite Plan, emphasize early cultivation during the basic education stage, improve the integrated undergraduate-master's-doctoral cultivation model, and produce more top-notch innovative talents in basic disciplines. We should optimize the mechanism for collaborative education between science and education, and focus on discovering and cultivating high-level talents at the front line of scientific research.
Return to TopBy: 董煜
Methodology is very important in observing and analyzing China's economy. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed that foreign theories, concepts, discourses, and methods must be analyzed and discriminated; those that are applicable should be adopted, while those that are not should not be applied mechanically without regard to context (生搬硬套, sheng ban ying tao - "live, copy, rigidly, apply"). After reform and opening up, the conceptual systems, analytical models, and research methods of Western economics were systematically introduced, providing important intellectual support for China's economic construction and economic governance. At the same time, it must also be noted that in recent years, whether it is the classic theories of Western economics or newly popular international analytical frameworks and frontier research findings, they have frequently shown obvious deviations when explaining China's economy. This deviation reminds us that as China's economy has developed by leaps and bounds, measurement methods mainly based on Western theories are not fully applicable. Conducting an objective and rational analysis of this issue is both a need for improving China's economic governance theory and a need for providing more experience to the world economy.
Western economic theories cannot fully explain China's economic problems
Western economic theory is a summary of experience from the long-term development of the market economy. It has its unique merits in explaining economic phenomena, and many analytical tools are still in use today. However, when it is used to analyze the major propositions currently facing China's economy, if one is wedded to certain inherent paradigms, a "failure" phenomenon will appear.
First, regarding judgments about growth trends. Over the past few decades, forecasts of China's economic growth rate and growth potential based on mainstream Western frameworks have been systematically lower than China's actual economic performance. According to the popular notion of the "middle-income trap," developing countries tend to linger for long periods after entering the middle-income stage. However, China's high-speed growth has lasted for several decades, and the shift in growth pace after entering the new development stage has been generally stable and orderly, with the country steadily moving toward the ranks of high-income countries. In the 1990s, some Western scholars asserted that East Asian growth was "as unsustainable as the Soviet model," but history did not unfold according to that script. The "China economic collapse theory" and "China economic peak theory," which make a comeback after a setback (卷土重来, juan tu chong lai - "roll, earth, return, come") every few years, have also been disproven by facts time and again.
Second, regarding prescriptions for the transition path. According to the "shock therapy" and "Washington Consensus" plans, the transition from a planned economy to a market economy was believed to require rapid, comprehensive, and simultaneous advancement of privatization, liberalization, and stabilization, with the view that late reform is worse than early reform and slow reform is worse than fast reform. China, by contrast, has adhered to gradual reform, exploring a new path by trial and error (摸着石头过河, mo zhe shi tou guo he - "touch, stones, cross, river"), piloting first and then promoting, achieving sustained growth over a relatively long period while maintaining social stability. Some transition economies that followed Western-style prescriptions, however, have experienced prolonged recession and turmoil. This stark contrast is a fact that transition economics cannot avoid, and it has also prompted the international academic community to undertake new reflections on the diversity of transition paths.
Third, regarding deductions about macroeconomic operation. According to Keynesian effective demand theory, weak consumption and investment are often seen as important signs of insufficient endogenous momentum in the economy. If this analytical paradigm is directly copied, it is easy to simply attribute China's current insufficient domestic demand to an overall decline in endogenous momentum. In fact, China's insufficient domestic demand is formed by the superimposition of multiple conditions, including both cyclical demand contraction factors that other economies also encounter and structural contradictions unique to the economic transition stage, such as the sequential conversion of old and new drivers in the investment field and practical constraints in the process of consumption structure upgrading. This means that understanding domestic demand and its trends cannot rely solely on a single cyclical framework; it also requires full consideration of the structural variables unique to transition economies, and its internal mechanisms are also more complex.
Fourth, regarding analysis of structural adjustment. Some analyses, based on static equilibrium frameworks, equate the reallocation of factors during the structural adjustment period with the intensification of resource misallocation and efficiency losses. But China has proactively implemented supply-side structural reform, orderly eliminated backward production capacity, cultivated and strengthened new drivers, and achieved steady improvement in overall industrial efficiency and the level of industrial chain modernization. In recent years, some so-called "overcapacity theory" viewpoints have used the static standard of aggregate supply-demand balance to judge the temporary supply surplus in certain domestic industries, ignoring the reality of supply shortcomings in high-end fields and continuous industrial upgrading. Using the "K-shaped recovery" framework to simply apply to China's economy also makes it difficult to grasp the characteristics that the divergence in the domestic economic structure is stage-based and has room for convergence, especially underestimating the internal momentum of transformation and upgrading in traditional industries. Equating the stage-based pressures of economic transition with trend-based recession is a deviation commonly found in this type of analysis.
Fifth, regarding preconceptions about the role of government. Some analyses based on mainstream Western theories hold that government regulation and industrial policy distort the price mechanism and reduce efficiency. China, however, adheres to a better combination of an effective market and a proactive government; macroeconomic regulation has effectively smoothed economic fluctuations and offset external shocks, and industrial policy has given rise to world-leading industrial clusters in fields such as high-speed rail, new energy, and the digital economy. The view of analogizing China's economy with the "China balance sheet recession" theory can neither explain the fact that the deep adjustment of the real estate market has not triggered systemic financial risks, nor does it fully consider the institutional mobilization and coordination capacity China has demonstrated in preventing and defusing major risks.
Why Western economic theories deviate when explaining China's economic problems
The repeated "failure to measure accurately" of Western economic theories on China's economic issues does not mean these theories are "entirely wrong," but rather has deeper roots: these theories often originated in capitalist market economies and are not necessarily fully applicable in some respects to the actual conditions of China's economy.
Many mainstream Western economic evaluation frameworks tend to take capital returns and short-term growth rates as core yardsticks. China's high-quality development, by contrast, coordinates growth and security, efficiency and fairness, development and people's livelihood, and the present and the long term, constituting a multi-objective balanced system. Measuring multi-objectives with a single yardstick makes it easy to fail to see the strategic considerations behind multi-dimensional balance. With different objective functions, the evaluation criteria naturally differ; this is an important factor that cannot be ignored when analyzing China's economy.
Some mainstream Western models often take complete market clearing, free factor mobility, immediate price adjustment, and fully symmetric information as modeling premises. Scientific abstraction is itself necessary; the problem lies in treating idealized assumptions as the starting point of reality. China is still in the process of deepening and improving market-oriented reform, with factor markets, market rules, and property rights systems all being dynamically improved. Using the assumption of a "fully marketized" economy to deduce the trajectory of an economy in transition will naturally lead to deviations in conclusions.
The empirical prototypes of many Western theories often abstract away the huge urban-rural and regional disparities and the gradient gaps between industries, simplifying the economy into a homogeneous entity. China, however, is a super-large economy with the world's most complete range of industrial categories, a population of over 1.4 billion, and vast regional depth, where stock optimization, incremental breakthroughs, and cross-regional gradient transfer of industries can proceed simultaneously. If one field is impacted, other fields can provide a buffer; if one region's growth slows, new growth poles can take over in succession. This unique depth and resilience of a large-country economy is difficult to measure with steady-state frameworks mainly targeting small and medium-sized countries or homogeneous economies.
The Western paradigm takes "spontaneous market adjustment and a passive night-watchman government" as its basic governance structure, while China adheres to the socialist market economy system, forming a composite governance mechanism in which the market efficiently allocates resources and the government provides strategic guidance and dynamic correction. Five-year plans guiding long-term expectations, concentrating resources to accomplish major undertakings to organize major breakthroughs, and the coordination of counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustment—these core variables are generally absent from Western models.
Mainstream Western macroeconomic cycle theories often take mature economies that have completed industrialization as their analytical objects, focusing on depicting supply-demand fluctuations under a stock economy, with policy orientation aimed more at smoothing short-term cycles and pushing the economy back toward equilibrium. China, by contrast, is in a transition stage of advancing industrialization in depth, where macroeconomic operation is always interwoven with cyclical fluctuations and medium- and long-term development tasks; the sequential conversion of drivers, the upgrading of industrial levels, and the reshaping of the economic structure are all important propositions running through the entire process. Relying solely on cycle theory to explain structural transformation issues, where the analytical tools do not match the research objects, easily leads to deviations in conclusions.
It should be noted that some analytical frameworks in Western theory, such as growth accounting, spatial economics, transaction cost and institutional change theory, and market failure and information economics, still have a certain explanatory power for China's economy. What is incompatible with China's economy is not the basic principles of economics, but rather those model inferences divorced from specific conditions. Only by clarifying this point can one avoid being constrained by Western theories on the one hand and falling into an extremely exclusive logic on the other.
Advancing the construction of an economic theory system suited to China's national conditions
General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed that our continuous advancement of reform is to promote the better development of the cause of the Party and the people, not to cater to the "applause" of certain people, and that Western theories and viewpoints must not be applied mechanically without regard to context to ourselves. We must adhere to the guidance of Marxist political economy, draw on the beneficial components of Western economics, and, guided by Xi Jinping's economic thought, accelerate the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese economics. We must promote the formation of a virtuous cycle between open borrowing and independent innovation, and build a theoretical system that can effectively explain and guide China's economic development.
First, adhere to openness and inclusiveness, and solve the "input" problem. Western economics has accumulated a large number of valuable analytical tools and governance experiences in the study of the general laws of the market economy, in fields such as macroeconomic regulation, market competition, industrial organization, price mechanisms, and risk prevention and control. We must adhere to making ourselves the main body and using things for our own purposes, following the best available advice or practices (择善而从, ze shan er cong - "select, good, and, follow") and selecting the best for application. This tradition must never be abandoned; the more we emphasize independence, the more we must remain open.
Second, base ourselves on China's national conditions, and solve the "transformation" problem. Theory has vitality only when combined with concrete reality. We must conduct in-depth research on the new situations and new features facing China's economy, distinguish cyclical problems from structural problems, short-term challenges from long-term trends, and local risks from systemic risks, both respecting the general laws of the market economy and facing squarely our institutional capacity in strategic guidance, planning leadership, and organizational coordination, making full and good use in macroeconomic regulation of the room for maneuver brought by the complete industrial system, the super-large market, and the vast regional depth. Only by proceeding from China's practice rather than from concepts can external knowledge truly be transformed into one's own theoretical nourishment.
Third, refine real questions, and solve the "output" problem. The rich practice of China's economic development is itself a rich mine for theoretical innovation. How to better combine an effective market and a proactive government, how five-year plans guide society's long-term expectations, how the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources organizes breakthroughs in key core technologies, how the super-large market accelerates the construction of the unified national market, and how common prosperity distributes the cake well while making it bigger—these are all questions that existing Western theories have neither systematically answered nor can systematically answer. We must not be satisfied with finding footnotes for China's experience within the framework of Western theories; we must dare to propose our own concepts, categories, and logic, and form an independent knowledge system that can explain China's experience and interpret the Chinese path.
Fourth, adhere to the standard of practice, and solve the "testing" problem. Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. The value of theory lies in explaining practice and guiding practice; building an economic theory system suited to China's national conditions must accept the test of China's development practice, and withstand the test of the people and the test of history. At the same time, we must actively promote the improvement of statistical accounting and economic monitoring systems, so that analysis is built on a reliable measurement basis. We must enhance the capacity for international communication and dialogue, transform China's economic problems into problems commonly faced by world economics, test, revise, and develop our own theories through equal learning from each other through exchange (交流互鉴, jiao liu hu jian - "exchange, mutual, learn, from"), and contribute Chinese wisdom to the development of world economics.
(The author is Executive Vice President of the Institute for China Development Planning at Tsinghua University)
Return to TopBy: 刘方
During this year's National Day holiday, highly interactive products such as AI companion toys, smart musical instruments, and robot dogs became consumption hotspots. From "companion partners" that satisfy emotional needs to "smart assistants" that improve daily convenience, emerging consumption centered on artificial intelligence products is covering an increasingly diverse range of consumption scenarios. Data from one platform shows that on the first day of the National Day holiday, foot traffic at core stores nationwide increased by more than 50 percent year on year, and AI-enabled home appliance sales accounted for over 70 percent of total sales. Emerging consumption refers to entirely new consumer demand and product categories formed on the basis of new technologies, new business formats, and new models such as artificial intelligence. In recent years, new technologies such as artificial intelligence have continuously given rise to new business formats and new models, driving the accelerated release of emerging consumption demand, enriching consumption scenarios, and bringing smart products into people's daily lives at a faster pace.
A new engine for boosting domestic demand and cultivating economic growth. Developing emerging consumption is an important lever for following the trend of upgrading household consumption, expanding domestic demand, and promoting high-quality development. The emerging consumption market has great growth potential, and can continuously unleash household consumption potential, expand domestic market demand, and make up for shortcomings in traditional consumption in certain areas, thereby strengthening the fundamental role of consumption in economic growth and opening up new space for economic growth.
An important lever for promoting a virtuous cycle between supply and demand. Emerging consumption gives rise to new demand, which in turn forces enterprises to carry out product innovation, technological innovation, and service innovation, drives the development of related industries such as smart manufacturing, smart cultural tourism, smart health and elderly care, and green industries, and promotes the optimization of the supply structure, thereby achieving a higher-level dynamic equilibrium in which demand drives supply and supply creates demand.
An important means of meeting the people's needs for a better life. As the people's living standards improve, people are no longer satisfied merely with basic material life, but also need to realize emotional value and affective value. Led by technologies such as artificial intelligence, emerging consumption covers multiple fields including high-end quality living, health and elderly care, and cultural, sports, and leisure activities, and can better meet people's personalized, quality-oriented, and diversified consumption needs, continuously enhancing the people's sense of gain and happiness.
At present, emerging consumption is characterized by personalization, experience-orientation, intelligence, greenness, and segmentation. First, emerging consumption is characterized by personalization and experience-orientation. Emerging consumption arises from individual demand, and is more often customized products that fit consumer preferences, serving as a vehicle for personal identity construction and emotional value acquisition. At the same time, consumers' consumption focus has shifted from physical goods to scenario-based experiences, and the goods and services of emerging consumption no longer merely meet consumers' basic material needs, but rather provide consumers with emotional value and a sense of experience. Second, emerging consumption has a prominent artificial intelligence attribute and a distinct green and healthy philosophy. Most emerging consumption is born from the iteration of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, with short product renewal cycles and rapid iteration speeds, covering "artificial intelligence plus" goods and services such as AI-enabled mobile phones, smart wearables, smart homes, smart pet devices, and AI consumer products. At the same time, low-carbon, environmentally friendly, health, and functional attributes are increasingly becoming important considerations for consumers when purchasing goods, driving emerging consumption to evolve in a healthier and lower-carbon direction. In the home health instrument field, devices for smart monitoring, home physiotherapy, and sleep health are highly favored. Third, the trend toward market segmentation in emerging consumption is evident. Emerging consumption content mostly belongs to vertical niche markets targeting specific groups of people. Driven by AI, emerging consumption demand spreads rapidly within interest communities, while the consumption objects of each community are themselves also accelerating their "intelligence." For example, the elderly group focuses on silver-haired consumption and age-friendly products, with core needs concentrated in scenarios such as AI health monitoring, smart fall prevention, and voice-interactive companionship; AI emotional companion toys, pet companion robots, AI trajectory analysis, and smart wearables are becoming standard equipment for young people's consumption; women pay more attention to high-end self-pleasing consumption, and "technology plus self-pleasing" products such as AI personalized skincare customization and smart beauty devices are developing at an accelerated pace. Finally, emerging consumption is highly integrative and shows prominent cross-industry linkage. Some emerging consumption belongs to cross-industry integration, making full use of artificial intelligence to promote mutual intersection between industries, such as "IP plus daily necessities," "cultural tourism plus sports plus trendy toys," and "cultural creativity plus catering." One consumption scenario can simultaneously satisfy multiple needs such as shopping, leisure, and entertainment. This integration not only breaks down traditional industry boundaries, but also forms a synergistic effect of "1 plus 1 is greater than 2" through resource reorganization and scenario recreation. At the same time, digital technology further amplifies cross-industry momentum, enabling seamless connection between online and offline, goods and services, and culture and commerce, pushing emerging consumption from a single function toward a composite experience, and making it an important engine for boosting domestic demand and stimulating market vitality.
However, problems such as weak innovation on the supply side, blind imitation and replication of numerous scenarios, and lagging regulation and standards in the emerging consumption field have constrained the release of emerging consumption potential. At present, it is necessary to focus on "expanding supply, innovating scenarios, and improving standards" to cultivate and strengthen emerging consumption and continuously release new potential for domestic demand growth. First, continuously expand high-quality supply to meet the consumption needs of different groups, and strengthen key emerging consumption tracks. Focusing on key areas such as health and wellness, national trend cultural creativity, outdoor experiences, silver-haired age-friendly products, and the pet economy, develop personalized and diversified new products and new services, and guide the development of emerging consumption such as AI-enabled mobile phones and agent-based services. Encourage enterprises to increase investment in technology research and development, support the cultivation and development of local new brands and original IPs, and promote "IP plus consumption" integrated innovation. Second, innovate consumption scenarios and expand the spatial carriers of emerging consumption. Vigorously develop the first-store economy, first-release economy, and experience economy, upgrade and renovate commercial districts and streets, create immersive and interactive consumption scenarios, and promote deep integration of commerce, tourism, culture, sports, and health. Promote online "grass-planting" (recommendation) and offline experience, facilitate integrated online-offline development, and make emerging consumption experienceable, implementable, and sustainable. Third, release emerging consumption demand and take multiple measures to unlock consumption potential. Carry out a series of activities such as themed consumption seasons and new product exhibitions, leverage the guiding role of fiscal and financial policies, and reasonably release consumption demand. Tap into niche markets for different groups such as youth, families, and the elderly, and expand the audience base of emerging consumption. Fourth, improve regulation and standards and create a safe and reassuring consumption environment. Accelerate the improvement of product and service standard systems in the emerging consumption field, fill gaps in industry norms, and advance quality grading certification. Adhere to exercising inclusive and prudent regulation (包容审慎, bao rong shen chen - "encompass, tolerant, cautious, prudent"), strengthen market regulation, and smooth channels for consumer rights protection. Fifth, strengthen factor guarantees and consolidate the foundation of development support. Guide financial institutions to develop credit products adapted to emerging consumption. Leverage the enabling role of digital technology, promote the empowerment of the entire chain of consumer product research and development, marketing, and services by artificial intelligence and other technologies, and help emerging consumption improve quality and expand scale.
(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Market and Price Research of the Academy of Macroeconomic Research, China)
Return to TopBy: 周叶中
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out, "Improve the system of Party internal regulations, and enhance the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations." The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made major arrangements for "deepening the reform of the Party's construction system," and once again emphasized "improving Party internal regulations and enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations." Under the new situation where a relatively complete system of Party internal regulations has been formed and full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is being advanced persistently and continuously (持之以恒, chizhi yihang - "hold on, with perseverance"), focusing on enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations has become an inevitable choice for transforming the institutional advantages of Party internal regulations into governance effectiveness, and for ensuring that the Party always remains the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
The Important Significance of Enhancing the Authority and Enforcement of Party Internal Regulations
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "Uphold the authority of laws, regulations, and systems, so that iron rules exert their might and iron discipline takes effect." The vitality of the Party internal regulation system lies in its enforcement. Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations is an important measure for promoting the high-quality development of the Party internal regulation system, and is of great significance for resolutely upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, giving play to the political guarantee role of governing the Party by regulations, promoting the improvement of the Party's self-revolution institutional normative system, and using governance of the Party by regulations to lead and guarantee law-based governance.
An inevitable requirement for resolutely upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, "The most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the greatest strength of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China." To uphold and strengthen the Party's leadership in all respects, the primary task is to resolutely uphold the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Since the beginning of the new era, the construction of the Party internal regulation system has always taken improving the system of the Two Upholds (两个维护) as the primary task of establishing rules and regulations, and has implemented it in all aspects, including the Party's organizational regulations, leadership regulations, self-construction regulations, and supervision and guarantee regulations, consolidating the institutional foundation for resolutely upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations can strictly enforce the Party's political discipline and political rules with institutional rigidity, promptly investigate and deal with problems such as disobeying orders and prohibitions, and promote the broad masses of Party members and cadres to consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thought, politics, and action, ensuring that the Party always remains the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
An inevitable requirement for promoting the transformation of Party internal regulations from "rules" to "governance." The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed, "Continuously demonstrate the institutional advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, continuously enhance the driving force and vitality of socialist modernization, and better transform China's institutional advantages into national governance effectiveness." Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations is an important measure for transforming the institutional advantages of Party internal regulations into governance effectiveness, and for using "the governance of the Communist Party of China" to lead "the governance of China." By improving the mechanisms for formulating Party internal regulations and building a complete closed loop for institutional implementation, our Party promotes the implementation and yielding of results (落地见效, luodi jianxiao - "land, see effect") of Party internal regulations, transforms the political, organizational, and institutional advantages embodied in Party internal regulations into governance effectiveness that unites people's hearts and efforts (凝心聚力, ningxin juli - "condense heart, gather strength"), rectifies conduct and discipline, and overcomes tough problems and difficulties (攻坚克难, gongjian kenan - "attack key, overcome difficulty"), safeguards the high-quality development of the Party and the country's cause with the high-quality construction of Party internal regulations, and fully gives play to the political guarantee role of Party internal regulations for the Party's long-term governance and the country's maintenance of long-term stability and peace (长治久安, changzhi jiuan - "long rule, long peace").
An inevitable requirement for persistently and continuously advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is always on the way, and the Party's self-revolution is always on the way. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the major proposition of "improving the Party's self-revolution institutional normative system" and listed "enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations" as an important measure for improving the Party's self-revolution institutional normative system. Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations will effectively promote the entire Party to implement strict standards, strict measures, and a strict atmosphere throughout the entire process and in all aspects of Party building on the track of institutions, ensure that the entire Party consciously struggles against all factors that harm the Party's advanced nature and purity, and continuously purify the Party's political ecology.
An inevitable requirement for giving play to the complementary role of Party internal regulations and national laws. Correctly handling the relationship between law-based governance and governance of the Party by regulations is a major issue that must be answered in the construction of a rule-of-law China. "Adhering to the organic unity of law-based governance and governance of the Party by regulations," as the "twelfth adherence" in the core essence of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, provides fundamental guidance for the coordinated advancement and integrated construction of law-based governance and governance of the Party by regulations. Party internal regulations are stricter than national laws and stand before national laws; they can both regulate the Party's leadership and all aspects of Party building and lead the construction of national rule of law. Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations will fully give play to the complementary role of Party internal regulations and national laws. Through Party internal regulations such as the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Leading the Work of Comprehensive Law-Based Governance and the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Political and Legal Work, the institutionalized level of the Party's leadership in legislation, guarantee of law enforcement, support of judicature, and taking the lead in abiding by the law will be improved, ensuring scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial judicature, and law-abiding by all the people, and leading the social rule-of-law atmosphere with Party members and cadres taking the lead in respecting, learning, abiding by, and applying the law, thereby using governance of the Party by regulations to lead and guarantee law-based governance.
Achievements and Experience in Enhancing the Authority and Enforcement of Party Internal Regulations
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has taken governance of the Party by regulations as the basic way of managing and governing the Party, strengthened the top-level design and overall planning of the construction of the Party internal regulation system, advanced the construction of Party internal regulations in an all-round and three-dimensional manner, significantly enhanced the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations, and achieved historic achievements in governing the Party by regulations. First, adhering to establishing regulations first, a relatively complete system of Party internal regulations has been formed. The Party Central Committee issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of the Party Internal Regulation System, convened two national conferences on Party internal regulation work, formulated three five-year plans for the formulation of central Party internal regulations, organized three centralized cleanups of Party internal regulations and normative documents throughout the Party, systematically advanced the "erection of pillars and beams" and "addition of bricks and tiles" of Party internal regulations, and formed a relatively complete system of Party internal regulations on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. Second, strictly enforcing regulations and maintaining the authority of Party internal regulations. Our Party has incorporated the implementation of Party internal regulations into the key content of supervision and inspection and inspection tours, strictly enforced discipline and accountability for violations of regulations and discipline, eliminated the phenomenon of "scarecrow" and "paper tiger" systems, and significantly improved the implementation of Party internal regulations. Various regions and departments have adopted measures such as carrying out special inspections and implementation evaluations of Party internal regulations and establishing grassroots observation points for the implementation of Party internal regulations, breaking through the "last kilometer" of the implementation of Party internal regulations and maintaining the seriousness and authority of Party internal regulations. Third, good regulations and good governance, demonstrating the governance effectiveness of Party internal regulations. Our Party has coordinated the advancement of improving the quality of institutional supply and enhancing the effectiveness of institutional implementation, using good regulations to improve governance effectiveness and good governance to release institutional power, and coordinated the advancement of "good regulations and good governance." In the process of establishing regulations, our Party has always adhered to a problem-oriented, practice-oriented, and demand-oriented approach, refined supporting systems, made up for institutional shortcomings, and cleaned up outdated norms, ensuring that various Party internal regulations conform to objective reality, fit governance needs, and meet the expectations of the masses, providing high-quality institutional supply for the scientific and orderly development of governance of the Party by regulations. In the process of enforcing regulations, our Party has adopted measures such as strict enforcement of regulations, precise supervision of regulations, and promotion of compliance with regulations, transforming the institutional advantages of Party internal regulations into governance effectiveness, and achieving a virtuous cycle in which good regulations stand firm, good governance proceeds steadily, and governance effectiveness is sustainable.
In the new era, enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations has not only yielded rich institutional achievements but also accumulated a series of valuable experiences. First, adhering to the fundamental guidance of the Party's innovative theories. Thought is the forerunner of action, and theory is the guide to practice. To enhance the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations, it is necessary to always be guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on governing the Party by regulations, and ensure that the construction of Party internal regulations always adheres to the correct political direction. Second, adhering to the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the construction of the Party internal regulation system has always taken improving the institutional mechanism of the Two Upholds as the primary task, ensuring the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee from an institutional perspective. Third, adhering to serving the overall work of the Party and the country. To enhance the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations, it is necessary to closely focus on the overall planning of advancing the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the coordinated advancement of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, place it within the overall work of the Party and the country, ensure that the construction of Party internal regulations always serves the central tasks of the Party and the country, and better give play to the leading and guarantee role of Party internal regulations for the development of the Party and the country's cause. Fourth, adhering to the simultaneous advancement of ideological Party building and institutional Party governance. Adhering to the simultaneous advancement of ideological Party building and institutional Party governance is a valuable experience in enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations. Ideological Party building focuses on strengthening the foundation and cultivating vitality (固本培元, gubeny peiyuan - "strengthen foundation, cultivate origin") and consolidating the soul, using the publicity and education of Party internal regulations to cultivate Party members and cadres' belief in Party internal regulations and solve the problem of ideological consciousness of Party members and cadres in observing regulations and discipline. Institutional Party governance focuses on rigid constraints, using Party discipline as a backing to promote Party organizations and Party members and cadres to strictly observe regulations and discipline, and promote the implementation and yielding of results of Party internal regulations. Fifth, adhering to the spirit of being persistent and meticulous (钉钉子精神, dingdingzi jingshen - "nail, nail spirit") in strictly grasping the implementation of the Party internal regulation system. There is no special trick in implementing the Party internal regulation system; the key lies in earnest implementation, relying on strict management. It is necessary to strictly grasp the implementation of Party internal regulations, resolutely correct phenomena such as arbitrary adaptation, malicious evasion, and disregard for the system, while maintaining perseverance and tenacity, making efforts in the aspects of constancy and longevity, strictness and practicality, depth and detail, and focusing on cultivating habits and achieving results through management. Sixth, adhering to the unity of grasping the "key minority" and managing the "vast majority." Adhering to institutional Party governance and governance of the Party by regulations, the core is to establish rules, emphasize rules, and observe rules. It is necessary to be good at grasping the "key minority" of leading cadres, enabling them to lead by example (以身作则, yishen zuoze - "use self, act as rule") and set a model for others to follow (率先垂范, shuai xian chuifan - "take lead, set model"), and also to pay attention to managing the "vast majority," achieving full coverage and no exceptions in the objects of Party management and governance. Through the effective combination of the "theory of two points" and the "theory of emphasis," the tasks of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party are truly implemented in place.
Paths and Requirements for Enhancing the Authority and Enforcement of Party Internal Regulations
"Adhering to institutional Party governance and governance of the Party by regulations" is one of the Fourteen Commitments of Xi Jinping's Party building thought. Guided by Xi Jinping's Party building thought, continuously enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations should make coordinated efforts from five dimensions: institutional improvement, ideological cultivation, responsibility implementation, supervision strengthening, and cultural cultivation, so as to promote the continuous deepening and solidification of governance of the Party by regulations.
Improve the quality of Party internal regulation formulation, and continuously improve the Party internal regulation system with scientific content, rigorous procedures, complete supporting measures, and effective operation. Improving the quality of institutions is an important prerequisite for enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations. Do a good job in the "supply-side structural reform" of the Party internal regulation system, deepen the reform of the construction of the Party internal regulation system, focus on establishing rules and regulations in key areas and key links, enhance the scientificity, pertinence, and feasibility of Party internal regulations, and ensure that the Party internal regulations formulated and issued can stand firm, work smoothly, and manage effectively. Adhere to the full interconnection of institutions, so that the construction of Party internal regulations adapts to the needs of Party management and governance and fits with all aspects of Party building, making the institutions truly dense but not cumbersome, effective and practical.
Enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of publicity and education on Party internal regulations, and effectively cultivate the belief of the broad masses of Party members and cadres in Party internal regulations. The Ninth Five-Year Plan for Publicity and Education on the Rule of Law (2026-2030) of the Central Propaganda Department and the Ministry of Justice made important arrangements for "in-depth publicity of Party internal regulations," listing it as an important measure for enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations. Therefore, Party internal regulations should be incorporated into the compulsory learning content of the theoretical learning center groups of Party committees (Party groups), the "three meetings and one lesson" of grassroots Party organizations, and the key content of Party member learning and training, promote the normalization of respecting, learning, observing, and applying regulations, and guide the broad masses of Party members and cadres to understand laws and discipline, clarify rules, know reverence, and establish firm belief in Party internal regulations. Based on the performance risks of Party members and cadres in different positions, levels, and fields, carry out hierarchical, classified, precise, and targeted publicity and education on Party internal regulations, combine typical cases of violations of regulations and discipline to explain regulations through actual cases (以案释规, yi an shigu - "use case, explain rule") and clarify discipline through cases, educate people with things that happen around them, and educate and guide Party members and cadres to clarify institutional boundaries and revere institutional authority.
Strictly implement the responsibility system for the implementation of Party internal regulations, and strive to promote the implementation and yielding of results of the Party internal regulation system. To promote the implementation and yielding of results of Party internal regulations, it is necessary to firmly grasp the "ox nose" of the "implementation responsibility system," fully implement the relevant provisions of the Provisions of the Communist Party of China on the Responsibility System for the Implementation of Party Internal Regulations (Trial), establish and improve the responsibility system for regulation implementation with unified leadership of Party committees, overall coordination of Party committee general offices (offices), leadership and responsibility of competent departments, assistance and cooperation of relevant units, and strict supervision of Party discipline inspection organs, and build a responsibility system with clear subjects and clear requirements. Optimize the assessment mechanism for responsibility implementation, incorporate the implementation of Party internal regulations into the important indicators of the assessment of primary responsibility for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party and the annual assessment of leading bodies and leading cadres, and link the assessment results with the evaluation of excellence and the selection and appointment of cadres, so as to promote Party members and cadres to enhance their endogenous motivation for implementing Party internal regulations.
Improve the authoritative, efficient, interconnected, and coordinated supervision mechanism for institutional implementation, and truly let iron rules exert their force and prohibitions exert their might. Use supervision to transmit the responsibility and pressure of implementing Party internal regulations, identify the difficulties and blockages in the implementation of Party internal regulations in daily inspections and special inspections, and eliminate the ideological and institutional roots of ineffective implementation of Party internal regulations. It is necessary to promote the coordinated connection of disciplinary supervision, supervisory supervision, stationing supervision, and inspection supervision, promote the integration of various supervision forces, the alignment of procedures, and the integration of work in an integrated manner, promptly investigate and deal with deviations in the implementation of Party internal regulations with the joint force of interconnected and coordinated supervision, and for situations such as discounting, altering, or making choices in the implementation of Party internal regulations, pursue responsibility in accordance with regulations and discipline, leaving no "hidden doors" and opening no "skylights," so that Party internal regulations always remain "live high-voltage lines."
Shape the culture of Party internal regulations and create a good political ecology of observing regulations and discipline. Enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations cannot be separated from the rich nourishment of the culture of Party internal regulations. Vigorously promote the culture of Party internal regulations of serving the public, abiding by the law, and observing regulations and discipline, carry out normalized learning and education on Party internal regulations, guide all Party members to firmly establish the concept that "everyone is equal before laws, regulations, and systems; there are no privileges in observing laws, regulations, and systems; and there are no exceptions in implementing laws, regulations, and systems," and effectively break privileged thinking and fluke mentality. Combine centralized education with regular education, promote the formation of a good atmosphere in which the entire Party consciously respects institutions, actively implements institutions, and resolutely maintains institutions, cultivate the Party's political ecology of observing regulations and discipline with the culture of Party internal regulations, and provide lasting cultural support for enhancing the authority and enforcement of Party internal regulations.
(The author is a national first-level professor and director of the Party Internal Regulations Research Center of Wuhan University)
Return to TopBy: 彭新林
With relentless bombardment of phone calls and text messages, stalking and shadowing, malicious negative reviews, public-opinion blackmail, and "doxxing" — these are not physical beatings or attacks with knives and clubs, but organized criminal gangs that use such "soft violence" tactics have become a new form of organized crime, seriously undermining the public's sense of security. In recent years, as the ongoing campaign against organized crime has been steadily deepened, traditional criminal gangs that once relied on acting in an open and aggressive manner (明火执仗, ming huo zhi zhang - "bright, fire, hold, staff") and physical violence have been effectively curbed. However, some organized crime has not disappeared but has instead transformed and upgraded, showing a trend toward "soft violence" and "cyber-enabled" operations. In July this year, the Party Central Committee made arrangements to deepen the special campaign against organized crime, designating organized criminal activities using "soft violence" tactics as a key target for severe punishment according to law. This is a precise response to the new situation and new challenges posed by organized crime, and a practical necessity for building a higher level of Peaceful China.
In 2019, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Ministry of Justice jointly issued the Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Handling of Criminal Cases Involving "Soft Violence", which provides a clear definition of "soft violence": namely, illegal and criminal methods by which perpetrators, in order to seek illegal gains or create illegal influence, use means such as harassment, pestering, and gathering crowds to create pressure, thereby exerting psychological coercion on others sufficient to disrupt normal production and daily life. The Law of the People's Republic of China Against Organized Crime also explicitly recognizes as a means of organized crime the conduct of "organizing harassment, pestering, creating disturbances, and gathering crowds to create pressure in order to seek illegal gains or create illegal influence, thereby exerting psychological coercion on others, sufficient to restrict personal freedom, endanger personal and property safety, and disrupt normal social and economic order." "Soft violence" organized crime relies on the power, influence, and criminal capability of criminal gangs, and on the realistic possibility of violence and threats, to exert mental pressure and psychological coercion on victims, forcing them to compromise and retreat.
The tactics and forms of organized crime are changing, but the essence of the illegality has not changed, and the bottom line of the rule of law must not be crossed. The harm of "soft violence" organized crime is mainly reflected in the following aspects. First, it seriously infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of the masses and their sense of security. Prolonged verbal abuse, harassment, threats, and intimidation not only torment the victims themselves but also affect their relatives and friends, causing lasting psychological trauma. For example, some online "predatory lending" crimes target students and young people with limited social experience and weaker psychological resilience, disrupting victims' normal life and social interactions through relentless harassment and pressure, inflicting psychological harm that is more lasting than physical injury. Second, it seriously undermines economic and social order. Criminal gangs often target weak points in regulation to create chaos; some monopolize local markets through organized "soft violence" tactics to extract huge illegal gains; others engage in public-opinion blackmail under the guise of media oversight, pressuring and extorting companies preparing for IPOs or seeking financing, interfering with capital operations and fair market competition, and damaging the overall development ecosystem of industries. Third, it seriously challenges the authority of the rule of law and social fairness and justice. "Soft violence" organized crime often excels at concealing illegal purposes behind a "lawful" facade, making it highly deceptive and misleading. If not promptly combated, it will seriously erode the foundation of the rule of law and undermine social fairness and justice.
In the face of such concealed and transformed organized crime, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of precise strikes and neither wronging the innocent nor letting the guilty escape, and to make efforts across multiple dimensions — institutional supply, clue discovery, case tackling, mechanism improvement, coordination between discipline inspection and law enforcement, and source governance — to build a whole-chain governance system.
Unify law enforcement and judicial standards, and consolidate the institutional and normative foundation for punishment according to law. "Soft violence" organized crime is concealed in its tactics and diverse in its forms, differing significantly from traditional organized crime in behavioral characteristics, manifestations, and evidentiary structures, making it prone to practical difficulties in law enforcement and judicial practice such as inconsistent standards of determination and divergent application of law. In response to prominent controversial issues in practice — such as whether organized conduct carried out solely through "soft violence" can be determined as organized crime, how to review and determine "soft violence" organized crime, and how to understand "committing misdeeds and doing evil, bullying and harming the masses" — it is necessary to further strengthen legal and policy guidance, improve cross-departmental consultation and communication mechanisms, issue supporting case-handling guidelines or practical Q&As, and publish guiding cases and typical cases to provide clear references for frontline case handling.
Strengthen the screening and verification of clues, and enhance proactive detection capabilities. "Soft violence" organized crime is often highly concealed, with victims scattered and the harm of individual acts not readily apparent in real time; relying on the traditional passive model of receiving reports is difficult to achieve effective coverage. It is necessary to further broaden the channels for obtaining clues, make overall use of various channels such as complaints and appeals, petition reports, police intelligence analysis, and industry complaints, and comprehensively collect and sort out problem clues. In conjunction with the deployment to deepen the special campaign against organized crime, conduct correlation analysis and systematic screening of cases under investigation, make good use of intelligent technologies such as big data and cloud computing, carry out monitoring analysis and precise screening of key industries, key areas, and key personnel, and promptly detect and grasp clues of "soft violence" organized crime. On this basis, improve the mechanisms for centralized management of clues and graded and classified handling, refine the closed-loop operation model of clue assessment, assignment and supervision, and review and feedback, strictly prevent the loss of clues, and achieve early detection, early warning, and early handling of the budding signs of "soft violence" organized crime.
Focus on tackling major cases and maintain a high-pressure deterrent posture. For major cases that arouse strong public concern, involve complex circumstances, face significant resistance in handling, and attract high social attention, mechanisms such as deploying police from other regions, elevating jurisdiction, and listing cases for supervision may be comprehensively applied to remove obstacles to case handling and improve the quality and efficiency of case processing. For major cases listed for supervision, higher-level political and legal organs should strengthen follow-up guidance, strictly review key links such as fact determination, evidentiary standards, and application of law through means such as reviewing case files, verifying and determining the nature of cases, revising legal documents, guiding court appearances, and dispatching personnel to participate, with coordination between upper and lower levels and joint advancement to ensure case quality. For major "soft violence" organized crime cases that are cross-regional and chain-based, it is necessary to strengthen coordination and cooperation among various localities and departments, improve information sharing and clue notification mechanisms, and ensure whole-chain strikes and integrated governance to prevent blind spots in the crackdown. For cases involving harm to the elderly, minors, students, and other groups, causing serious mental harm to victims or other severe consequences, the judicial level should reflect the orientation of severe punishment according to law.
Improve case-handling working mechanisms and focus on enhancing the quality and efficiency of case processing. "Soft violence" organized crime is often tightly organized and operates across regions, making evidence collection difficult and case handling resistant, imposing higher demands on case-handling mechanisms. Improve the systems for listing major, complex, and sensitive cases for supervision and for requesting instructions and reporting, and consolidate case-handling responsibility through hierarchical review to ensure the quality and efficiency of case processing. Strictly implement mechanisms such as unified review and filing for cases involving organized crime and major cases involving criminal gangs, strictly review from the perspectives of fact determination, evidence admissibility, and application of law, and hold the quality gate for cases. At the same time, improve overall coordination mechanisms, strengthen coordination between law enforcement and the judiciary, regularly carry out cross-agency case consultation and assessment, promote effective connection among investigation, prosecution, and trial stages, unify adjudication standards for similar cases, and form a joint force for the crackdown. In addition, on the basis of handling cases according to law, simultaneously do a good job of social risk prevention and control and public opinion guidance, achieving an organic unity of legal effect, social effect, and political effect.
Strengthen coordination between discipline inspection and law enforcement, and advance in tandem the fight against organized crime with "breaking the protective umbrellas and breaking the networks" and "cutting off the blood and severing the financial lifelines." The reason criminal gangs can commit evil for a long time is often not only because their tactics are concealed, but also because behind them there is protection by power and support by capital. If only the surface is struck without digging out the roots, there is a risk of a dead matter or evil force resurfacing (死灰复燃, si hui fu ran - "dead, ashes, return, burn"). Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the mechanisms for rapid transfer of clues and two-way feedback between discipline inspection and supervision organs and political and legal organs, and while investigating organized crime, simultaneously dig deep into the corruption problems behind it, resolutely investigate and punish them without leniency. Strengthen supervision over key cases where criminal gangs and corruption are deeply intertwined, fully leverage the procuratorial investigation functions of procuratorial organs, investigate and handle according to law duty-related crimes committed by judicial personnel, and remove a bad element that spoils a whole group (害群之马, hai qun zhi ma - "harm, group, particle, horse") from within the judicial ranks. Adhere to grasping problems early and small, nipping problems in the bud before they grow (防微杜渐, fang wei du jian - "prevent, tiny, block, gradual"), extend supervision and prevention forward, and compress from the source the space for power to be corrupted by criminal gangs. While digging deep into "protective umbrellas," simultaneously advance "cutting off the blood and severing the financial lifelines" to thoroughly eradicate the economic foundation of criminal gangs. At the same time, strengthen the identification, review, and disposal of assets involved in cases, strengthen follow-up supervision over the execution of property penalties in cases involving organized crime and criminal gangs, promote the timely and lawful execution of assets involved in cases after judgments take effect, and ensure that "ill-gotten wealth" is fully recovered.
Adhere to a systematic approach and improve long-term mechanisms for source governance. "Soft violence" organized crime is rooted in industry chaos and regulatory shortcomings, so it is necessary to adhere to combining punishment and prevention, treating both the symptoms and the root cause (标本兼治, biao ben jian zhi - "mark, root, simultaneously, treat"), and achieve integrated advancement of crime fighting and industry governance. It is necessary to further consolidate and strengthen the primary responsibility of online platforms, deepen comprehensive governance of cyberspace, and sever the interest chains of upstream and downstream crimes such as infringement of citizens' personal information, illegal software development, account farming and comment manipulation, follower attraction and traffic diversion, and money laundering through "running points." Focus on high-incidence chaos such as online predatory lending, public-opinion blackmail, and malicious claims, strengthen supervision and management over internet companies, telecommunications operators, and financial institutions, and urge business entities to improve risk identification and early warning and handling mechanisms. In addition, make good use of the "three documents and one letter," namely the supervision recommendation letter, the judicial recommendation letter, the procuratorial recommendation letter, and the public security reminder letter, improve the whole-process mechanism of issuance, rectification, and return-visit feedback, force industry regulatory authorities to fill regulatory loopholes and improve regulatory systems, and eradicate the social soil in which criminal gangs breed and spread.
Return to TopBy: 潘敏
With the continuous improvement of digital trade rules and the growing soundness of the cross-border logistics system, cross-border e-commerce retail imports have evolved from a novelty choice for a few into an organic part of the daily lives of hundreds of millions of consumers. In the first half of 2026, 140 million people in China shopped globally through cross-border e-commerce; cross-border e-commerce imports have shown strong momentum and steady trends, with new business forms and new models experiencing flourishing development (蓬勃发展, peng bo fa zhan - "flourishing, develop"). While the scale continues to expand, problems such as information asymmetry, long regulatory chains, and cross-border responsible entities still exist, and damage to consumer rights and interests occurs from time to time. Legally protecting the rights and interests of cross-border e-commerce consumers not only concerns the vital interests of hundreds of millions of "overseas online shoppers," but also concerns the healthy development of the cross-border e-commerce business form, and is of great significance for stabilizing consumption expectations, boosting market confidence, and promoting high-quality development of foreign trade.
In recent years, focusing on the protection of consumer rights and interests in cross-border e-commerce, China has continuously advanced institutional development and built a multi-level legal and regulatory system. In November 2018, six departments including the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the "Notice on Improving the Supervision of Retail Imports in Cross-Border E-Commerce," clarifying that cross-border e-commerce enterprises must "bear the responsibility for protecting consumer rights and interests." In March 2024, China formulated and issued the "Regulations on the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests," stipulating that "operators of livestream marketing platforms shall establish and improve consumer rights and interests protection systems and clarify mechanisms for resolving consumer disputes." In April this year, the "Measures for Handling Complaints and Reports to Market Regulation Authorities" came into effect, optimizing the complaint and report handling process at the institutional level to protect consumer rights and interests; in July, the "E-Commerce Law of the People's Republic of China (Draft Amendment for Public Comment)" was released for public comment, making important institutional arrangements around strengthening the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and other subjects, and adding a new extraterritorial application clause, clarifying that "e-commerce activities outside the territory of the People's Republic of China that disrupt domestic market order or harm the legitimate rights and interests of domestic operators or consumers and other subjects shall be handled in accordance with this Law and relevant laws," providing a clear legal basis for domestic consumers to assert rights against overseas operators. How to leverage the supporting role of the rule of law and promote the effective implementation of institutions requires starting from aspects such as consolidating primary responsibility, improving handling mechanisms, and deepening international cooperation, so as to effectively protect the rights and interests of cross-border e-commerce consumers.
Cross-border e-commerce platforms are key nodes connecting overseas operators and domestic consumers, and should naturally be important subjects bearing legal obligations for consumer rights and interests protection. In cross-border e-commerce consumption, consumers face not distant overseas merchants, but rather the e-commerce platforms they first come into contact with and trust; platforms hold actual control over merchant admission, product display, transaction rules, and dispute handling, and are also best able to prevent risks before and during transactions. In practice, some platforms have problems such as inadequate review and shirking responsibility in after-sales service. These problems are closely related to the unclear boundaries of primary responsibility of cross-border e-commerce entities and the inadequacy of constraint mechanisms, and need to be regulated at the institutional level. First, establish a full-process handling mechanism. In April this year, when the Food Safety Office of the State Council, the State Administration for Market Regulation, and the General Administration of Customs jointly interviewed relevant platform enterprises, they clearly stated the need to "smooth channels for consumer consultation, complaints, and reports" and "strengthen review and verification of cross-border e-commerce enterprises on platforms, and strengthen management of products sold on platforms." Platforms should transform the requirements of the interviews into institutionalized arrangements, forming standardized operating procedures in links such as complaint acceptance, evidence verification, responsibility determination, and handling feedback, so as to avoid difficulties for consumers in asserting rights due to unclear processes and unclear responsibilities. Second, implement the obligation of cross-border e-commerce information disclosure. Clarify the display standards and notification methods for key information such as product information, return and exchange policies, and risk notifications, and clearly explain in advance key information such as return restrictions, shipping origin, and tax liability. Third, establish a product quality and safety risk prevention and control mechanism. Consumer rights and interests guarantee deposits may be established in accordance with the requirements of relevant e-commerce laws, and in cases where the identity information of overseas sellers is unclear or they cannot be contacted, the platform shall bear compensation liability to consumers first. Clarify the legal liability of platforms for qualification review and product quality management of cross-border e-commerce operators on the platform, establish a recall system for non-conforming or defective products, implement the joint and several liability of domestic service providers of cross-border e-commerce enterprises, so that consumers can find clear targets for accountability when their rights and interests are damaged.
Cross-border e-commerce consumption involves the legal systems and judicial procedures of different countries and regions. Because asserting rights in cross-border consumption disputes involves language translation, application of law, extraterritorial service of process, and other links, the cost of consumer rights assertion is relatively high. At the same time, cross-border e-commerce transaction information is mainly electronic data, and consumers face considerable difficulties in obtaining and fixing key evidence such as communication records, order information, and payment vouchers between consumers and overseas operators. These practical difficulties determine that the dispute resolution mechanism must be oriented toward convenience and efficiency. On the one hand, explore online dispute resolution mechanisms. Build a domestic mediation platform for cross-border consumption disputes, rely on the national 12315 platform, use big data and artificial intelligence technologies to improve dispute handling efficiency, give priority to online resolution methods for small-amount simple disputes, and effectively lower the threshold for asserting rights. On the other hand, improve the rules for accepting and handling cross-border e-commerce consumption complaints. Clarify the complaint jurisdiction rules and acceptance standards for cross-border e-commerce consumption disputes, promote the establishment of complaint handling channels specifically for cross-border transactions, unify the operating standards for complaint acceptance, transfer, and feedback links, so that consumers have clear and predictable remedies when their rights and interests are damaged.
The cross-border nature of cross-border e-commerce consumption determines that the protection of consumer rights and interests must also rely on coordination and cooperation between countries at the legislative and law enforcement levels, and requires coordinated advancement from dimensions such as mutual recognition of rules, collaborative sharing, and countermeasure response, so as to effectively improve the level of protection of consumer rights and interests in cross-border e-commerce. First, promote international mutual recognition of rules for the protection of cross-border consumer rights and interests. This time, the "E-Commerce Law of the People's Republic of China (Draft Amendment for Public Comment)" has improved Article 73, proposing to "participate in the formulation of international rules for e-commerce, and in the fields of e-commerce transactions, payment, logistics, credit, and security, promote the compatibility and interoperability of rules, regulations, management, and standards. The State promotes international mutual recognition of electronic signatures, electronic identities, electronic documents, and other items." It is necessary to further promote the establishment of multilateral or bilateral rule mutual recognition mechanisms covering the protection of consumer rights and interests in cross-border e-commerce, actively participate in the formulation of international standards, and promote the formation of international rules for cross-border e-commerce that are conducive to the protection of consumer rights and interests. Second, strengthen cross-border regulatory cooperation for cross-border e-commerce operators. Promote the establishment of regulatory information sharing mechanisms with major source countries of cross-border e-commerce, strengthen cooperation in qualification verification of overseas operators, mutual exchange of credit records, and notification of information on non-conforming products, implement joint constraints on overseas operators that seriously harm consumer rights and interests, and reduce cross-border consumption risks at the source. Third, strengthen the capacity for foreign-related countermeasures and rights and interests maintenance. For countries or regions that adopt discriminatory measures against China in the field of e-commerce, corresponding measures may be taken in accordance with the law, so as to promote the formation of a fair, open, and non-discriminatory environment for e-commerce development.
Return to TopBy: 董振华
Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is the theoretical summation of the Party's practical experience in leading cultural development in the new era, an original contribution made by upholding the Two Integrations in advancing Marxist cultural theory, and constitutes the cultural chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, providing a powerful ideological weapon and scientific guide to action for doing well the work of publicity, ideology, and culture on the new journey of the new era, promoting cultural prosperity, and building a strong cultural nation. The Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture (hereinafter referred to as the Selected Works) systematically collects 78 core works on cultural development by General Secretary Xi Jinping from November 2012 to February 2026, fully presenting the entire course of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture from gestation and formation to systematic expansion, and opening up a new realm in the Sinicization and modernization of Marxist cultural theory. Taking the Two Integrations as its core thread, the Selected Works achieves a series of original breakthroughs in Marxist cultural theory through the great practice of cultural development in the new era, and serves as the scientific guide for our Party in shouldering the cultural mission of the new era.
Systematically embodying the fundamental methodology of theoretical innovation of the Two Integrations
General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly pointed out that the Two Integrations are the greatest magic weapon for our success. This understanding of the laws of development has been systematically and fully presented in the Selected Works, prominently demonstrating that the Party's understanding of the laws governing the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics has reached a new height in the new era, and also fully displaying the scientific character of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture in achieving practical application of theories (明体达用, ming ti da yong - "bright, body, reach, use") and integrating theory with practical application (体用贯通, ti yong guan tong - "substance, use, penetrate, through").
Firmly holding fast to the "soul vein" of Marxism and unswervingly upholding Marxism's guiding position in the field of ideology. Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for our founding the party and the state (立党立国, li dang li guo - "establish, party, establish, nation") and prospering the party and the nation (兴党兴国, xing dang xing guo - "prosper, party, prosper, nation"), and is the banner and soul of socialist ideology. The Party's cultural theory systematically elaborated in the Selected Works always takes Marxism as its theoretical origin, deeply integrates the basic principles of Marxist cultural theory with the concrete cultural practice of China in the new era, and on fundamental questions such as the direction of cultural development, the path of cultural development, and the stance of cultural development, always maintains political resolve and theoretical sobriety, and absolutely never commits subversive errors on fundamental questions. This embodies the firm stance of cultural development in the new era of not being disturbed by noise and discordant voices and not being confused by erroneous ideological trends, ensuring that socialist culture with Chinese characteristics always advances along the correct direction.
Firmly taking root in the "root vein" of fine traditional Chinese culture and achieving a deep integration of Marxism with Chinese civilization. Fine traditional Chinese culture is the root and soul of the Chinese nation and our most profound cultural soft power. With a high degree of historical self-awareness and cultural self-awareness, the Selected Works breaks the past cognitive misconception of "setting Marxism in opposition to traditional Chinese culture" and profoundly reveals the high degree of compatibility between the two. The truth-force of Marxism has activated the powerful vitality of Chinese civilization, and the profound historical heritage of Chinese civilization has provided fertile soil for the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism. Through creative transformation and innovative development, Marxist cultural theory has achieved localization and nationalization, endowing the Party's cultural theory with both scientific truth and distinctive Chinese style and Chinese bearing.
Creatively proposing that "the 'second integration' is another ideological emancipation." This is a major theoretical innovation embodied in the Selected Works and has far-reaching historical and practical significance. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the "second integration" makes Marxism Chinese, makes fine traditional Chinese culture modern, and makes the new culture formed through "integration" the cultural form of Chinese modernization. As another ideological emancipation, the "second integration" both expands the cultural foundation of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, giving our path deeper historical depth and cultural support, and opens up new space for us to independently carry out cultural innovation, enabling us to explore future development paths in a broader cultural vision. This major thesis fundamentally consolidates the cultural subjectivity of contemporary China, giving us greater autonomy, creativity, and self-confidence in culture.
Systematically elucidating the great significance of the "second integration" and marking a new historical height. The Selected Works expounds from multiple dimensions including theory, practice, history, and culture, profoundly revealing the inevitable path for opening up and developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. The theory of the "second integration" has created a new pattern of theoretical innovation for the Communist Party of China, opened up a new realm for the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism, and marked a new historical leap in our Party's theoretical creativity, cultural subjectivity, and spiritual independence. With a broader vision and more proactive sense of responsibility, our Party clearly proposed the grand goal of "building a strong socialist cultural nation" at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Party in 2011; in 2012, "building a strong socialist cultural nation" was written into the report of the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party; in July 2016, at the meeting celebrating the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, our Party creatively incorporated cultural confidence into the Four Confidences, and subsequently clearly incorporated a strong cultural nation into the overall layout of building a strong modern socialist country. This historical leap is not only a deepening in theory but also a guide in practice, providing fundamental guidance and a guide to action for continuing to promote cultural prosperity and advance Chinese modernization on the new journey of the new era.
Centrally presenting the original contributions to Marxist cultural theory
Taking the Two Integrations as its main thread, the Selected Works combines the basic principles of Marxism with China's concrete reality and with fine traditional Chinese culture, and in the practice of cultural development in the new era, promotes a series of original breakthroughs in Marxist cultural theory, constructing a theoretical system with rigorous logic, rich connotations, and far-reaching influence. This theoretical system profoundly reveals the inherent laws of cultural development, clarifies the strategic position of culture in the process of national rejuvenation, and systematically answers major questions of the era such as what kind of culture to build and how to build culture in the new era.
Clearly proposing the major thesis of "cultural subjectivity." The proposal of this thesis elevates cultural confidence to a strategic height of "bearing on the rise and fall of the nation's fortunes, bearing on cultural security, and bearing on the independence of the national spirit," making it a fundamental and directional question concerning the overall cause of the Party and the state. This major thesis fundamentally consolidates the Chinese subjectivity foundation of Marxist cultural theory, enabling Marxist cultural theory to acquire profound civilizational heritage and distinctive national characteristics on Chinese soil. On July 1, 2016, in his important speech at the meeting celebrating the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping placed cultural confidence alongside confidence in the path, confidence in the theory, and confidence in the system, forming the major original expression of the Four Confidences, and clearly pointed out that "cultural confidence is a more fundamental, broader, and deeper confidence," reflecting that the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has gained a deeper understanding of the essence of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics and the laws of cultural development, clarifying the great significance of cultural confidence for promoting cultural prosperity and building a strong cultural nation, thereby elevating the strategic position of culture in the process of national rejuvenation to an unprecedented height.
Proposing a series of original concepts and new categories. These concepts and categories are not isolated innovations in wording but an organic whole that supports each other and is logically self-consistent. The original proposal of a series of brand-new core concepts such as "cultural subjectivity," "new cultural life form," "common prosperity in spiritual life," "civilizations exchanging and learning from each other" (文明交流互鉴, wen ming jiao liu hu jian - "civilization, exchange, mutual, learn"), and "common values of all mankind" enriches the conceptual system of Marxist cultural theory from different dimensions including cultural essence, cultural development momentum, cultural value goals, and principles of inter-civilizational exchange. These concepts profoundly respond to the major questions of the era facing contemporary Chinese cultural development and also scientifically answer the common concerns of the progress of human civilization, forming the distinctive theoretical markers of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture.
Systematically revealing the unique laws of development of Chinese civilization. The Selected Works completes an original theoretical construction of the logic of Chinese civilization's development from the perspective of a grand view of history, systematically summarizing the five prominent characteristics of Chinese civilization, namely continuity, innovativeness, unity, inclusiveness, and peacefulness, and profoundly explaining at the theoretical level the internal mechanism by which Chinese civilization has become the only great civilization in the world that has continued without interruption and developed to this day in the form of a state. This summary is based on the latest achievements of archaeology and history, and rises to the general laws of civilizational evolution, breaking the monopolistic narrative of Western-centrism over the logic of civilizational evolution. In recent years, relying on major research projects such as the "Project to Trace the Origins of Chinese Civilization" and "Archaeological China," Chinese archaeologists have continuously achieved new breakthroughs, not only substantiating China's more than 5,000-year history of civilization through the Liangzhu ancient city site, but also, based on Chinese archaeological practice, proposing a definition of civilization and Chinese solutions for determining entry into civilized society that conform to the characteristics of Chinese civilization, making original contributions to research on the origins of world civilization and breaking the monopoly of Western discourse at the academic level. We adhere to the classic Marxist formulation that "the state is the summation of civilized society," enabling Marxist civilizational theory to truly take root in the deep soil of Chinese civilization.
Systematically establishing the "Two Creations" policy for cultural development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has fully elaborated the practical path for the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, breaking the previous binary opposition misconception of either wholly negating or wholly restoring traditional culture, and pointing out the scientific direction for inheriting and promoting fine traditional Chinese culture in the new era. Creative transformation emphasizes transforming, according to the characteristics and requirements of the times, the connotations of traditional culture that have reference value and its outdated forms of expression, endowing them with new contemporary connotations and modern forms of expression; innovative development emphasizes supplementing, expanding, and perfecting the connotations of fine traditional Chinese culture according to the new progress and new developments of the times, enhancing its influence and appeal. The proposal of the "Two Creations" policy has caused the Chinese cultural lineage to radiate vigorous vitality anew in the new era, making fine traditional Chinese culture an important source for cultivating core socialist values, and also injecting distinctive Chinese civilizational characteristics into Marxist cultural theory, achieving a deep integration of Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture on the path of cultural development.
Constructing a theoretical framework for a new form of human civilization. General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the Global Civilization Initiative, advocating that different civilizations exchange, learn from each other, and coexist harmoniously, transcending the outdated logic of the Western "clash of civilizations" theory, contributing Chinese wisdom to the progress of human civilization, and greatly expanding the contemporary vision of Marxist civilizational theory. Creatively proposing a brand-new view of civilization in which civilizational exchanges and mutual learning transcend civilizational estrangement, emphasizing that civilizations are colorful, equal, and inclusive, and that no civilization should be placed in a privileged position above other civilizations. This view of civilization breaks the single narrative of "Western-centrism" and provides solid cultural theoretical support for building a community with a shared future for mankind and creating a new form of human civilization.
Forming a systematic overall layout for cultural development in the new era. Systematically elucidating that civilizational development must adhere to staying true to one's origins (不忘本来, bu wang ben lai - "not, forget, original, source"), absorbing from foreign cultures, and facing the future, this requirement covers ideological work, literary and artistic creation, the development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, and civilizational exchanges and mutual learning, forming a scientific system of action with rigorous logic. In ideological work, it emphasizes adhering to the fundamental system of Marxism's guiding position in the field of ideology and firmly grasping the leadership, management, and discourse power of ideological work; in literary and artistic creation, it adheres to a people-centered creative orientation and produces more excellent works that strengthen the people's spiritual strength; in the development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, it insists on putting social benefits first and unifying social benefits with economic benefits; in civilizational exchanges and mutual learning, it focuses on strengthening the building of international communication capacity and comprehensively enhancing the effectiveness of international communication. From the positioning of the extreme importance of ideological work, to the deployment of telling China's story well and enhancing national cultural soft power, to the strategic requirement of shouldering the cultural mission of the new era, a complete theoretical system covering all fields of cultural development has been formed.
Containing the profound heritage and broad feelings of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture
The publication and distribution of the Selected Works is itself an important collection of documents carrying the Party's cultural theoretical achievements of the new era, and is a concentrated manifestation of the cultural self-awareness, cultural confidence, and cultural responsibility of Chinese Communists in the new era, marking that our Party's understanding of the laws governing the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics has reached a new historical height, and has major and far-reaching political, theoretical, and world-historical significance.
Providing a fundamental ideological weapon for us to resolve the "ancient-modern, Chinese-Western debate." To open up and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics on the profound foundation of more than 5,000 years of Chinese civilization, adhering to combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's concrete reality and with fine traditional Chinese culture is the inevitable path. The Selected Works profoundly elucidates that the "second integration" is another ideological emancipation, enabling us to fully utilize the precious resources of fine traditional Chinese culture in a broader cultural space and explore theoretical and institutional innovation facing the future. It enables us to always maintain spiritual independence and self-reliance amid the complex and turbulent cultural currents of the world, neither blindly following and copying Western cultural models nor being closed and conservative in taking the old path of restoration, but rather, with firm cultural confidence and an open civilizational mind, unswervingly taking a path of developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics that is rooted in Chinese soil and manifests the characteristics of Chinese civilization.
Providing strong ideological and cultural support for advancing Chinese modernization. Chinese modernization is a modernization in which material civilization and spiritual civilization are coordinated; it requires both consolidating the material foundation through economic and technological development and providing spiritual impetus through cultural prosperity. The cultural thought elucidated in the Selected Works, with unified ideological consensus and powerful spiritual strength, gathers the mighty combined force of hundreds of millions of people, integrates cultural confidence into the spiritual temperament and cultural character of the entire nation, and cultivates an uplifting and enterprising spiritual outlook. It enables cultural soft power to truly become the hard-core driving force for advancing the building of a strong nation and national rejuvenation, enabling all the people to unite closely together in ideals, beliefs, values, and moral concepts, and injecting an inexhaustible spiritual source for us to continue winning new great victories in overcoming tough problems and difficulties (攻坚克难, gong jian ke nan - "attack, key, overcome, difficulty").
With original theoretical contributions, greatly enriching and developing the treasure house of Marxist cultural theory. Based on the vivid practice of cultural development in the new era, the Selected Works proposes a series of new thoughts, new viewpoints, and new theses with iconic and leading significance, profoundly revealing the general laws of cultural development and the special laws of socialist cultural construction, and elevating the understanding of the role of culture to an unprecedented height. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture has erected a new monument of cultural theory in the history of the development of Marxism, not only providing scientific guidance for continuing to promote cultural prosperity and build a strong cultural nation on the new journey of the new era, but also providing a brand-new Chinese solution for the cultural practice of the world socialist movement, demonstrating the powerful truth-force and practical force that Marxism radiates in the cultural field.
To study the Selected Works in depth, the key is to truly transform the methodology of the Two Integrations into concrete actions in cultural development. We must always firmly grasp the leadership of ideological work in our hands, consolidate Marxism's guiding position in the field of ideology, and consolidate the common ideological foundation of the whole Party and the people of the whole country in striving together. Activate the vitality of fine traditional Chinese culture with the "Two Creations" policy, so that cultural relics collected in museums, heritage displayed on the vast land, and characters written in ancient books all come to life. Accelerate the construction of a Chinese discourse and Chinese narrative system, strive to create new concepts, new categories, and new expressions that integrate Chinese and foreign elements, continuously enhance China's international communication capacity, and present to the world a credible, lovable, and respectable image of China.
[The author is Director of the Department of Scientific Socialism Teaching and Research at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance)]
Return to TopChina Mobile, as a central state-owned enterprise in the cybersecurity and informatization sector, has thoroughly studied and implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important thoughts on building a strong cyber power, conscientiously implemented the Party Central Committee's deployment requirements for implementing the Project to Disseminate the Party's Innovative Theories, fully leveraged its advantages in digital-intelligent technology and network coverage, and strived to explore new methods and new pathways for the popularization and precise dissemination of the Party's innovative theories. In strengthening people's resolve and spirit (凝心铸魂, ning xin zhu hun - "condense heart, cast soul"), it has consolidated and expanded the mainstream ideological and public opinion of striving in the new era, gathering together the spiritual strength of "strong country, revival, with me."
Using Digital-Intelligent Technology to Achieve Precise Dissemination and Enhance Theoretical Appeal
The vitality of disseminating the Party's innovative theories lies in precisely reaching audiences and effectively resonating with them. China Mobile adheres to classification by audience, precise policy implementation, and, with the aid of big data, artificial intelligence, user profiling, and other technical methods, focuses on the audience with the approach of "one key opens one lock," making the dissemination of the Party's innovative theories more targeted, more resonant, and more effective and efficient.
Distinguishing the characteristics of different groups to achieve precise segmented push notifications. Relying on its platform technical capabilities and using AI algorithm recommendations, China Mobile distinguishes among different groups such as management personnel, technical experts, young employees, and frontline grid personnel, precisely pushing theoretical content to achieve a "thousand people, thousand faces" learning experience, effectively enhancing the precision of theoretical dissemination. For the management level, it focuses on pushing learning content on enhancing political capabilities, deepening state-owned enterprise reform, establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, and promoting high-quality development; for technical personnel, it combines innovative achievements such as the "Jiutian Large Model," "Pofeng Chip," and "5G Standards" to explain the principles of self-reliance and self-strengthening in scientific and technological language; for young employees, it pushes lightweight content such as short videos and animations through online live broadcast rooms and new media platforms. At the same time, relying on content platforms, it sets up rich interactive learning formats, where users can participate in challenges and earn points after learning, enhancing their sense of participation and gain.
Creating AI digital-intelligent lecturers to enhance the interactivity and affinity of lectures. Relying on cutting-edge AI technologies such as speech recognition, semantic understanding, and intelligent interaction, China Mobile has innovatively launched the "New Power" digital-intelligent lecturer "Chunmuxuan." "Chunmuxuan" integrates Party building knowledge broadcasting and lecturing, intelligent Q&A, and multimodal interaction. It can both transform into a "story master," using immersive narration to tell the century-long history of the Party, and serve as an "intelligent expert," precisely analyzing policy documents in Party building knowledge Q&A sessions. By matching a dynamically updated grassroots lecture resource library, grassroots Party affairs knowledge base, and current affairs hotspot database, and continuously strengthening large language model training, it helps "Chunmuxuan" achieve main functions such as a "colorful and attractive" digital-intelligent image, "interesting and articulate" lecture presentations, "professional and knowledgeable" intelligent Q&A, and "cost reduction and efficiency increase" through capability reuse. Through a "carbon-based + silicon-based" theoretical lecture model, it has effectively enhanced the participation and dissemination among younger groups.
Developing lightweight products and embedding them into new daily learning scenarios. China Mobile produces short videos from theoretical golden quotes, Party history stories, and exemplary deeds, pushing them through platforms such as Migu Video and China Mobile Cloud Drive. It has planned and operated more than 5,000 red culture-themed video ringback tones, allowing users to watch red stories and theoretical golden quotes while waiting for calls, making every call a "micro-classroom" of theoretical immersion. Relying on the "Migu Yuekan" digital reading service platform, it has gathered hundreds of red classic readings, listed more than 200 red audiobooks, and supported functions such as online reading, listening to books, and annotation, enabling theoretical learning to make full use of fragmented time. These functions have expanded theoretical dissemination from "old positions" to "new scenarios," effectively enhancing the convenience and interest of dissemination.
Relying on Digital-Intelligent Platforms to Promote Popularization and Enhance Ideological Penetration
In order to promote theoretical dissemination to better reach the grassroots and stay close to the front line, China Mobile leverages its advantages of broad network coverage, strong platform capabilities, and wide user reach, building an integrated online-offline lecture platform to promote the popularization of theory from "one time, one place" to "anytime, anywhere."
Creating the "New Power" online live broadcast room to achieve interactive dissemination. China Mobile has hundreds of thousands of employees distributed across the country and even overseas. "Many points, long lines, wide surface" is a distinctive organizational characteristic, making it difficult for traditional centralized lectures to cover all employees. The company leverages the exemplary role of the "New Power" lecture group as an "Advanced Collective in Grassroots Theoretical Lectures" of the Central Propaganda Department, creating the "New Power" online live broadcast room and organizing a series of live lecture broadcasts on "Entering the Front Line, Strengthening Confidence, Promoting Development," where grassroots employees can watch in real time, ask questions online, and participate in interaction. To date, more than 3,300 lectures have been conducted, with audiences exceeding 3.7 million person-times. Lecturers from the 10086 international service hotline, around the theme "What kind of service should a world-class enterprise have," brought their daily work of serving foreign customers in multiple languages to the live broadcast room, receiving more than 220,000 likes and comments. Live broadcasts of lectures at major exhibitions such as the 2026 Digital China Summit and the World Artificial Intelligence Conference have cumulatively attracted more than 400,000 views.
Building the "Red Cloud Collection" platform to achieve panoramic presentation. China Mobile has cumulatively co-built more than 1,000 red culture education bases nationwide, covering 191 national patriotism education demonstration bases designated by the Central Propaganda Department. Using 5G, VR, AR, and other technologies, it has digitally collected and immersively presented red landmarks such as the Nanhu Red Boat, the Yan'an Pagoda, and Jinggangshan. Since 2020, the company has launched a national red base co-building initiative; since 2024, it has further promoted the cloud aggregation of red resources, relying on the Migu Video platform to create a "5G Lighting Up Red Culture" zone, aggregating and launching more than 600 red lecture and VR contents from more than 540 co-built red bases, integrating and presenting more than 500 red films and documentary works, building a "Red Digital Museum," and planning the themed publicity activity "Gathering the Spark of the Long March, Embarking on a New Journey of Struggle." The cumulative playback volume of content in the zone has exceeded 147 million times, with playback duration exceeding 31 million hours. Relevant digital-intelligent content has been connected to the "Branch Work" platform of the Central and State Organs Working Committee, and the "5G Lighting Up Red Culture" online communication activity was selected as an outstanding case of national online civilization construction in 2026.
Carrying out online ideological and political large classes to enrich immersive experiences. Grasping the acceptance habits of young students and young employees for lightweight and highly interactive content, it has organized and planned a series of online live activities titled "Taking the Same Ideological and Political Large Class," inviting theoretical experts and exemplary figures to teach online. It has launched the "Flying Capture of Luding Bridge" XR large-space immersive ideological and political classroom, using extended reality technology to restore historical scenes, allowing learners to enter a virtual battlefield with equipment and personally experience the showing great courage and fearlessness (英勇无畏, ying yong wu wei - "brave, fearless, no fear") of revolutionary predecessors. This immersive teaching breaks the flat limitations of traditional classrooms, transforming grand narratives into perceptible and resonant individual experiences, and has been widely welcomed by young groups.
Leveraging Digital-Intelligent Advantages to Sing the Strong Voice of the New Era and Expand Online Influence
China Mobile regards the dissemination of the Party's innovative theories as a core project of online civilization construction, integrating capabilities such as content production, platform distribution, and technical support, building a "digital-intelligent bridge" for online theoretical dissemination, allowing positive energy to surge with "large traffic" in cyberspace.
Building theoretical dissemination zones and forming a mechanism for continuous output. Relying on the Migu audio-visual platform, China Mobile has opened more than 40 theoretical learning zones such as "Footprints of State-Owned Enterprises" and "Establishing and Practicing a Correct View of Political Achievements," and has permanently set up special columns such as "Learning Moments," "Promoting Core Socialist Values," and "Chinese Spirit," forming a high-frequency red dissemination belt of "daily updates, monthly themes." Each zone updates content in a timely manner in conjunction with current affairs hotspots and major themes, maintaining high-frequency reach. Through normalized and institutionalized content output, it promotes the integration of theoretical dissemination into daily life.
Relying on major activities and cultural IPs to amplify dissemination volume. China Mobile actively integrates into major national activities, conducting theoretical lectures at major events such as the National Reading Conference, the China Internet Civilization Conference, and the China Civilized Rural Customs Conference, with cumulative audiences exceeding 1 million person-times and media exposure exceeding 10 million. It has carried out cultural creation and dissemination activities such as "AI Chinese New Year, National Style Greeting the New Spring," integrating cultural confidence into Spring Festival greetings and national trend creation, disseminating mainstream values in ways pleasing to the public (喜闻乐见, xi wen le jian - "happy to hear, happy to see"). It has co-produced multiple high-quality humanistic documentaries, helping the digital-intelligent dissemination of China's excellent traditional culture. During its rights-holding broadcasts of major events such as the Winter Olympics and the Asian Games, it launched self-produced programs such as "Chinese Role Models," incorporating the spiritual connotation of patriotic struggle and striving upward into the sports feast.
Strengthening internal and external resource coordination to build a dissemination "energy loop." China Mobile has established a joint lecture mechanism with more than 50 industrial chain partners, local propaganda departments, and mainstream media, simultaneously pushing theoretical content on their respective platforms to form a matrix-style dissemination. It has jointly carried out activities with local forces such as Hainan's "Free Trade Port Youth Lecture Group" and Yunnan's "Yunling People's Lecture Group," exporting red study tour routes and digital-intelligent lecture capabilities to local areas, achieving resource sharing and complementary advantages. Through the linkage of the "circle of friends," it has made the dissemination of the Party's innovative theories cover a wider range and have a deeper impact.
Facing the era trend of deepening digitalization, networking, and intelligentization, China Mobile will firmly establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, adhere to precise dissemination, focus on the grassroots, and seek practical results, strengthen the determination for publicity work that builds foundations and benefits the long term, practice the dissemination concept of "wherever the people are, there the position is," and, in promoting the implementation of the "network foundation strengthening, full-stack innovation" strategy, continue to deepen the digital-intelligent empowerment of online dissemination of the Party's innovative theories, allowing the Party's innovative theories to travel from the cloud to the fingertips, from the screen to the heart, and to gather broader ideological consensus and spiritual strength for the construction of a cyber power and a digital China.
(Party Group Propaganda Department of China Mobile)
Return to TopBy: 李春田
General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that the integration of culture and tourism has broad prospects, and that the cultural and tourism industry should be promoted toward high-quality development, truly building it into a pillar industry, a livelihood industry, and a happiness industry. Binzhou City in Shandong Province has deeply studied and implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on cultural and tourism work and the spirit of his important speech during his inspection of Shandong, adhering to the principles of culture as the soul, projects as the bridge, distinctive features as the key, integration as the path, and service as the foundation, promoting the cultural and tourism industry to iterate and upgrade toward a higher level, and striving to build a distinctive and well-known cultural tourism destination.
Adhere to "culture as the soul" to consolidate the foundation. Culture is the soul of a city. A city's historical relics, cultural monuments, and humanistic heritage carry the endless and vigorous development (生生不息, sheng sheng bu xi - "birth, birth, not, cease") of the city's life texture, and are moreover the fundamental root of high-quality development of the cultural and tourism industry. It is necessary to continuously awaken distinctive cultural genes, activate high-quality cultural lineage resources, and promote the all-dimensional embedding and whole-chain integration of distinctive culture into the development of the cultural and tourism industry. Deeply excavate and cultivate distinctive cultural resources such as Yellow River culture, Sun Tzu culture, Qi culture, red culture, and Lü opera culture; inherit and promote the spirit of such sages as military strategist Sun Wu, statesman Fan Zhongyan, and mathematician Liu Hui; polish and make famous such bright name cards as National Civilized City, National Forest City, National Health City, and National Garden City; coordinate the use of such carriers and platforms as intangible cultural heritage projects, cultural relic protection units, and A-level tourist scenic areas; carefully create more distinctive cultural tourism offerings with cultural connotations, so that tourists can appreciate the cultural lineage and perceive history in eating, lodging, traveling, touring, shopping, and entertainment, and so that the rich and unique cultural heritage becomes a beautiful travel memory that tourists can perceive, touch, and take away.
Adhere to "projects as the bridge" to build firm support. To promote the cultural and tourism industry along a sustained and healthy development path, there must be projects, carriers, and leverage points. It is necessary to coordinate efforts to ensure that key cultural and tourism projects, infrastructure projects, and policy- and capital-empowered projects achieve implementation that yields tangible results (落地见效, luo di jian xiao - "land, ground; see, effect"), which is the solid confidence for the iterative upgrading of the cultural and tourism industry and the key support for making steady progress to achieve long-term success (行稳致远, xing wen zhi yuan - "walk, steady; reach, far") in high-quality development. Concentrate efforts on advancing the construction of key cultural and tourism projects and the operation of distinctive cultural and tourism venues; accelerate the upgrading of tourist resorts and the creation of high-grade scenic areas; and build a number of cultural and tourism benchmarks with high recognizability, broad influence, and strong competitiveness. Advance in an integrated manner the construction of transportation facilities and the development of tourism functions, accelerate the formation of railway networks and the expansion and densification of highways, and improve the "fast entry, slow travel" tourism transportation network. Coordinate the improvement of public facilities such as viewing platforms, rest camps, and smart supporting facilities to provide more convenience for tourists. Improve the diversified investment and financing system, make good use of the multiple forces of special policies, financial instruments, and social capital, and comprehensively consolidate the hard support for high-quality development of the cultural and tourism industry.
Adhere to "distinctive features as the key" to cultivate advantages. To do well in the cultural and tourism industry, one must preserve one's own characteristics and grasp the things that possessing unique advantages that others do not have (人无我有, ren wu wo you - "people, not, have; me, have"). A region's distinctive advantages, resource endowments, and development model are the core advantages of regional cultural and tourism industry development. It is necessary to closely follow the development philosophy of "what others do not have, I have; what others have, I have better," base ourselves on local endowments, deeply cultivate differentiated tracks, actively create distinctive scenarios, develop distinctive products, and innovate distinctive models, continuously shaping new advantages for the development of the cultural and tourism industry. Use forms such as "digital empowerment" to innovatively create distinctive scenarios, build the Binzhou cultural database to high standards, and accelerate the digital upgrading of the cultural and tourism industry. Focus on diversified market demands, accelerate the development of distinctive products in areas such as RV camping and online exhibitions, and precisely meet the needs of different customer groups. Actively develop distinctive models of the cultural and tourism economy such as ticket-stub economy, holiday economy, and festival economy, activate the consumption multiplier effect, and enhance the comprehensive benefits of the cultural and tourism industry. Innovate regional cooperation models, continuously amplify the momentum of regional cultural and tourism brand power, and make distinctive features the core competitiveness for accelerating development and breaking through to prominence in the cultural and tourism industry.
Adhere to "integration as the path" to activate momentum. Integrated development is the key path for the optimization, upgrading, improving quality and increasing efficiency (提质增效, ti zhi zeng xiao - "raise, quality; increase, efficiency") of the cultural and tourism industry. Culture and tourism have industrial traits of cross-sector linkage, multi-dimensional empowerment, and business-format symbiosis, containing broad space for integrated development. It is necessary to deepen "culture and tourism + all industries" and "all industries + culture and tourism," continuously stimulating the vitality of high-quality development of the cultural and tourism industry. Based on Binzhou's industrial advantages, deepen the integration of "sports + culture and tourism," carry out well the series of activities and brand events such as "follow the competition to travel" and "sports events entering scenic areas," and promote the transformation of "competition traffic" into "culture and tourism increment." Deepen the integration of "industry + culture and tourism," build provincial-level industrial tourism demonstration bases, create "model rooms" for industrial tourism integration, and promote the transformation of "factory areas into scenic areas, products into commodities." Deepen the integration of "health and wellness + culture and tourism," develop business formats such as rehabilitation medicine, leisure vacations, and residential elderly care, and strive to build a wellness destination. Deepen the integration of "agriculture + culture and tourism," carry out actions to improve quality and increase efficiency in rural tourism, continue to make famous rural tourism brands such as the Zhanhua Winter Jujube Festival and the Yangxin Pear Blossom Festival, and transform ecological beauty into economic value. Coordinate the promotion of integrated development of business formats such as "commerce + culture and tourism," "marine + culture and tourism," and "technology + culture and tourism," expanding diversified business-format space for the development of the cultural and tourism industry.
Adhere to "service as the foundation" to optimize the environment. Service is the soft power of development and the golden name card of the industry. To develop a high-level cultural and tourism industry, one must focus on hardware, but even more on software, especially improving service quality and advancing refined management. It is necessary to adhere to the philosophy of "tourists first, service paramount," make efforts to improve the quality of service management, and actively create a reassuring, rest-assured, and comfortable development environment. Accelerate the improvement of the public cultural and tourism service system, continuously optimize public cultural services, public information services, public transportation services, and emergency rescue services, promote the improvement of services across the entire chain of "eating, lodging, traveling, touring, shopping, and entertainment," continuously polish the "Binbin Youli" tourism service brand, win the smiles and praise of tourists with high-quality service, and win lasting popularity and benefits. Strictly regulate market order, carry out regular rectification of industry chaos, implement solidly the fundamental governance of safety in production, improve the closed-loop complaint handling mechanism, and resolve tourists' urgent, difficult, worried, and anxious concerns with heart, feeling, and effort, so as to truly create a first-class cultural and tourism development ecosystem where tourists can travel with peace of mind, consume with confidence, and experience with comfort through high-quality service and refined governance.
(The author is the Secretary of the Binzhou Municipal Party Committee of Shandong Province)
Return to TopXi Jinping Thought on Party Building is the Party-building chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, providing the fundamental guideline and action guide for deepening the great new project of Party building in the new era. The Party Committee of China Huadian Engineering Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Huadian Engineering) has deeply studied and grasped the scientific connotation of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, guided and guaranteed high-quality development with high-quality Party building, and demonstrated the responsibility of a central enterprise in serving the building of an energy power and accelerating the cultivation of new quality productive forces.
Consolidating the "root" and "soul" of state-owned enterprises and keeping the company's development firmly on the correct political direction
The Party Committee of Huadian Engineering has always placed political building first, ensuring that the enterprise always moves steadily and far into the distance (行稳致远, xing wen zhi yuan - "walk, steady; arrive, far") along the direction charted by the Party Central Committee. First, it has improved and refined the implementation mechanism. It strictly implements the "first agenda item" system, thoroughly studies and implements the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions and directives, closely combines them with actual work, conducts in-depth discussion and deployment, improves the supervision and assessment mechanism, and realizes closed-loop management of the entire chain of "communication and study, research and deployment, implementation and execution, supervision and promotion, and follow-up on results." Second, it has strengthened the theoretical arming of the Party's innovative theories. It has formulated the annual study and discussion plan for the theoretical learning center group of the Party Committee, and set up study topics around the Party's innovative theories in the new era. It makes good use of carriers such as the "three meetings and one lesson" and themed Party days, and uses methods such as case study and on-site teaching to carry out differentiated political theory study at all levels. It has deepened the basic training mechanism in depth, adhered to the working method of "reflection, listening, action, and results" throughout the entire process of study and discussion, closely focused on the pain points, bottlenecks, and difficulties of the enterprise to form a checklist, and effectively transformed the results of discussion into development results. Third, it has resolutely implemented the "two adherences in one." It has given full play to the leading role of the Party Committee in setting the direction, managing the overall situation, and ensuring implementation, scientifically defined the boundaries of rights and responsibilities for decision-making among governance bodies such as the Party Committee meeting, the board of directors, and the management layer, and clarified one by one the responsible subjects and decision-making processes for 174 governance matters; based on the equity attributes, business positioning, and development stages of different types of enterprises under its jurisdiction, including listed companies, product manufacturing, production operations, and overseas holding companies, it has compiled a list of rights and responsibilities to further enhance the company's modern governance capacity.
Promoting the deep integration of Party building with production and operation and activating the red engine of enterprise development
The Party Committee of Huadian Engineering has deeply implemented the "Four Strengths, Four Promotions" high-quality Party building project, and the quality of Party building has continued to improve. The practice case of the company's Party Committee's "Four Strengths, Four Promotions" Party building project won one of the top ten outstanding Party building practice cases of China Huadian Group, and the Party Committee of Ke Gong Co., Ltd. was rated as an advanced grassroots Party organization of central enterprises. First, it has deepened grassroots Party building practice. It has established a clear orientation of focusing on grassroots work, adhered to the principle of "building Party branches on projects and flying Party flags on construction sites," continuously strengthened and consolidated the Party's organizational system, and given full play to the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members in urgent, difficult, dangerous, and heavy tasks. Given the special environment of offshore operations, facing harsh natural conditions such as strong winds, high waves, swift tides, and frequent fog, through the innovative implementation of the "building Party branches on ships" model in offshore wind power projects, Party member backbone personnel have shouldered heavy burdens, overcome great difficulties and challenges (攻坚克难, gong jian ke nan - "attack, tough; overcome, difficulty"), and achieved fruitful results, successively winning national and industry-level awards such as the National Quality Project Gold Award, the First Prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, and the China Patent Excellence Award. Second, it has deepened the Party building empowerment action for the industrial chain and innovation chain. Focusing on removing the bottlenecks and sticking points that constrain the development of new quality productive forces, it has promoted information sharing, resource complementarity, and advantage interaction among enterprises on the chain, formed 86 Party member vanguard teams, with Party organization secretaries as the first responsible persons for leading projects, actively claiming tasks to tackle, establishing responsibility lists, and promoting the implementation of key links such as project management, production support, and quality control. Third, it has deeply tapped the effectiveness of the international communication system. It has systematically integrated work content and promoted the systematic and centralized development of overseas publicity, cross-cultural integration, and overseas environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. The Huadian Engineering Bali Power Plant implemented the "Coral Reef Ecological Restoration Plan," which was listed by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment as a "Marine Ecological Demonstration Project"; it has deepened regional coordination to drive the "central enterprise brand" to go global together, strengthened contact with mainstream Indonesian media, carried out themed open day activities, explored collaborative education models with local universities, and the brand influence of "China Huadian" has continued to rise.
Giving full play to the leading and guaranteeing role of Party building and transforming Party building advantages into development advantages
The Party Committee of Huadian Engineering has always adhered to implementing the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee with a strong sense of responsibility and mission, and accelerated the achievement of new results in high-quality development. First, it has led scientific and technological innovation with Party building and promoted the deep integration of industrial innovation. It has consolidated and improved the scientific and technological innovation system, built a number of international, national, and enterprise-level innovation platforms, actively undertaken more than 20 major national scientific research tasks, and added 166 new patent authorizations in the first half of 2026, including 82 invention patents; 3 achievements respectively won the first, second, and third prizes of the 2026 Science and Technology Progress Award of the China Installation Association, and the gas diffusion layer invention patent won the gold medal at the 125th Paris International Invention Exhibition. It has deeply implemented the "artificial intelligence+" action, obtained the CMMI5 highest level certification, with 2 achievements reaching the international advanced level as a whole, and the effectiveness of digital and intelligent empowerment has become increasingly prominent. Second, it has focused on industrial development and accelerated the cultivation of new quality productive forces. It has accelerated the layout of strategic emerging industries, seized the commanding heights of development, and the revenue share of strategic emerging industries has exceeded 40%. In the field of hydrogen-based energy, it has promoted the development of the entire industrial chain of "production, storage, transportation, and utilization," opened up three mainstream water electrolysis technology routes of alkaline (ALK), proton exchange membrane (PEM), and anion exchange membrane (AEM), mastered the three "bottleneck" core materials of gas diffusion layer, proton exchange membrane, and composite alkaline diaphragm, built green hydrogen demonstration projects in Delingha, Qinghai, Damao Banner, Inner Mongolia, and Tieling, Liaoning, and its products have been included in the national power industry "Great Power Heavy Equipment" list and the top ten scientific and technological innovation achievements of the energy industry. Third, it has deepened the reform of state-owned enterprises and stimulated the endogenous vitality of the enterprise. Focusing on the key tasks of deepening reform, it has carried out a special promotion action for reform tasks with "one enterprise, one policy," optimized the authorization management system, built a hierarchical assessment system, and continuously improved the integrated internal control, compliance, and risk management system. The company has been rated as a benchmark "science and technology reform enterprise" by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission for 3 consecutive years, and its typical reform experience has won the first prize of the National Enterprise Management Modernization Innovation Achievement and the Practical Achievement of Deepening the Reform of State-Owned Enterprises.
Facing the 15th Five-Year Plan, the Party Committee of Huadian Engineering will continue to deepen the "Four Strengths, Four Promotions" high-quality Party building project, continuously enhance the political and organizational functions of Party organizations, promote the deep integration of Party building with production and operation, scientific and technological innovation, and reform and development, better play the three major roles of "scientific and technological innovation, industrial control, and safety support," and contribute the strength of Huadian Engineering to safeguarding national energy security, serving the "dual carbon" goal, and advancing the construction of Chinese modernization.
(Party Committee of China Huadian Engineering Co., Ltd.)
Return to TopBy: 李媛媛
In 1996, the film The Long March, produced by Guangxi Film Studio, directed by Zhai Junjie and starring Tang Guoqiang among others, was released and became a classic in the history of Chinese cinema. Created to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March, this film used plain and realistic cinematography to truthfully restore the complete course of the Red Army from being forced to break out of encirclement and falling into desperate straits, to being reborn through fire and seizing victory, presenting in a panoramic manner this expeditionary road that has had a profound impact on the course of Chinese history.
At the very beginning, the film reveals the historical background of the Red Army being forced to undertake a strategic shift. In 1934, the fifth counter-"encirclement and suppression" campaign failed, the revolutionary situation took a sudden and sharp turn for the worse (急转直下, ji zhuan zhi xia - "suddenly turn"), and the Central Soviet Area fell into an unprecedented crisis. The Central Red Army fought fiercely with the Nationalist forces along the Xiang River, breaking through the fourth blockade line, and the rear guard units launched a tragic blocking action to cover the Central Column and the main forces in crossing the river. The film pushes its lens to the front-line battlefield: after long marches and battles, the poorly equipped Red Army soldiers held their positions and fought to the death; artillery fire filled the sky over the river, the river waters were stained with blood, and bodies lay everywhere across the battlefield (尸横遍野, shi heng bian ye - "corpses, lie, everywhere, field"); countless soldiers died heroically in the process of charging, blocking, and crossing the river. The Central Red Army was sharply reduced from more than 86,000 men to just over 30,000. To honor the martyrs, the local people passed down the saying, "For three years, do not drink the waters of the Xiang River; for ten years, do not eat the fish of the Xiang River." The Battle of the Xiang River is the most tragic episode in the entire film. Using a documentary-style approach, the film directly presents the brutality of this battle and also makes the audience deeply feel the heavy price behind the Long March. The reason for the grievous losses was not that the Red Army officers and soldiers fought poorly, but that Bo Gu, Li De, and others departed from the reality of the Chinese revolution and mechanically copied foreign military theories, causing major strategic errors. In the face of cruel facts, suspicion and discontent within the Party and the Red Army toward erroneous leadership grew rapidly, laying the ideological and mass foundation for the historic turning point of the Zunyi Conference.
This battle pushed forward the convening of the Tongdao Conference and the Liping Conference, until the Zunyi Conference in 1935 corrected the erroneous military line. With calm and objective cinematography, the film restores this meeting of great historical significance. At the meeting, the revolutionary forebears, basing themselves on the actual conditions of the battlefield and summing up the lessons of defeat, re-established an operational policy that conformed to China's national conditions and seeking truth from facts, and began to establish the leading position in the Party Central Committee of the correct Marxist line with Comrade Mao Zedong as its principal representative. This was a major moment in the history of the Chinese Communist Party, putting an end to the passive situation of blindly following external experience, and saving the Party, saving the Red Army, and saving the Chinese revolution. After the Zunyi Conference, under the guidance of correct military principles, the Red Army adopted circuitous mobile warfare, crossing the Chishui River four times, skillfully crossing the Jinsha River, forcibly crossing the Dadu River, and seizing the Luding Bridge by flying assault... achieving a series of military victories in extremely difficult and arduous (艰苦卓绝, jian ku zhuo jue - "hard, bitter, extreme") struggles. In October 1936, the three main forces of the Red Army joined forces, and the Long March ended in victory. During the march, Mao Zedong wrote in bold strokes the famous poem "Seven-Character Regulated Verse: The Long March": "The Red Army fears not the trials of the distant march; to them a thousand mountains, ten thousand rivers are nothing. The Five Ridges wind like gentle ripples; the majestic Wumeng roll by like mud balls. Warm are the cloudy cliffs washed by the Jinsha's spray; cold are the iron chains spanning the Dadu River. More joyous are the thousand miles of snow on the Minshan range; when the three armies pass, all faces brighten."
The film adopts a panoramic linear narrative, completely linking together the major historical events and important strategic nodes along the Long March, reproducing the magnificent and blood-soaked revolutionary years. The final victory of the Long March was not a miracle that came out of thin air, but a great expedition of ideals and convictions, a great expedition of testing truth, a great expedition of awakening the people, and a great expedition of opening up a new situation.
The Long March was a great expedition of ideals and convictions. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "Lofty ideals and firm convictions are forever the political soul of Chinese Communists." The reason the Long March was great lies in the sincere commitment of countless ordinary revolutionaries who held fast to their faith in desperate circumstances. On this road, the Red Army experienced more than 600 battles and engagements, crossed nearly a hundred rivers, climbed over more than 40 high mountains and perilous peaks, and traversed the vast grasslands known as the "death trap." This march of over ten thousand li was not carried out under conditions of ample supplies and unhurried ease, but was accomplished amid suffering from both hunger and cold (饥寒交迫, ji han jiao po - "hunger, cold, together, press") and a hail of bullets. On the 25,000-li journey of the First Front Army, on average one Red Army soldier sacrificed his life every 300 meters. Facing the severe test of the limits of human will and physical endurance, what sustained the Red Army was the goal of national liberation and the firm conviction that "the just cause is bound to triumph."
In order to truly experience the hardship and suffering, hunger and exhaustion of the Long March road, and to reproduce the harshness of the environment, director Zhai Junjie required the crew to retrace the Long March route, trekking for eight months from Jiangxi to Gansu, with all snow mountains and grasslands filmed on location. The film captures many subtle yet stunning details: Jiajin Mountain, over 4,000 meters above sea level, is covered in snow year-round, with biting cold winds, oxygen deprivation, and severe cold; during the march, soldiers supported their weak and exhausted comrades, and the wounded and sick endured pain to keep moving forward, never dragging down the collective. Entering the Songpan grasslands, the troops ran out of food, and the soldiers could only gnaw on grass roots and chew tree bark to stave off hunger. In the film, when the officers and soldiers sit around the campfire singing "The Internationale" in unison, the comradeship of sharing trials and tribulations together (患难与共, huan nan yu gong - "hardship, together, with, share") and living and dying together is elevated, and the common revolutionary goal and firm faith are the inner support for the Red Army's unity and progress.
The victory of the Long March was, in essence, the victory of the ideals and convictions of Chinese Communists. In the darkest moment when the revolution was at a low ebb and the road ahead was unknown, leaders such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Zhu De stabilized the morale of the army with firm conviction and opened up a new situation, allowing this severely battered force to retain tenacious vitality; facing the desperate circumstances of heavy enemy troops pursuing and intercepting from all sides, extreme material scarcity, and extremely harsh natural conditions, the Red Army never saw its ranks scatter or its morale collapse. Powerful ideals and convictions enabled the Red Army to overcome hardship, twists and turns, and death, to break through the limits of survival and countless perils, composing with blood and life a tragic and heroic poem that is stunning or awe-inspiring to the point of moving heaven and earth (惊天地泣鬼神, jing tian di qi gui shen - "startle, heaven, earth, weep, gods, spirits"), and creating in the history of world military affairs the miracle of overcoming a stronger opponent with superior tactics (以弱胜强, yi ruo sheng qiang - "with, weak, defeat, strong") and breaking out of desperate straits.
The Long March was a great expedition of testing truth. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Truth can only be tested in practice; truth can only be established in practice." Adhering to seeking truth from facts and to integrating the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific realities was the fundamental guarantee for the Red Army's transformation from passive defeat to active breakout, from turning the tables in desperate straits to marching toward victory. After casting off the shackles of dogmatism, the Red Army completely abandoned rigid and mechanical tactical methods, and proceeded from the actual terrain, enemy situation, and battle situation, adapting to circumstances and avoiding the enemy's strength while striking at its weakness. In the campaign of crossing the Chishui River four times, the Red Army relied on the complex terrain of the mountains of Sichuan and Guizhou, making four circuitous thrusts and interleavings, combining the real and the feigned, employing a diversionary tactic of feigning an attack in one direction to strike another (声东击西, sheng dong ji xi - "sound, east, strike, west"), maneuvering flexibly and confusing the enemy within the tight encirclement of hundreds of thousands of Nationalist troops, completely disrupting the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" deployment, and fundamentally reversing the passive and beaten situation. Every subsequent breakout and every victory stemmed from precise assessment of the battle situation, skilled mastery of the terrain, and deep summation of the laws of warfare. It was precisely the ideological line of seeking truth from facts that enabled the Red Army to repeatedly create miracles under absolute disadvantage, step by step breaking out of the encirclement and emerging from desperate straits. The victory of the Long March made our Party further realize that only by combining the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete realities of the Chinese revolution and independently solving the major problems of the Chinese revolution could the revolutionary cause be led to victory. This is a truth derived from bloody lessons and the test of struggle.
The Long March was a victory of the united strength of one heart and one mind. If the correct ideological line determined the direction of the revolution, then the close unity of one heart and one mind, strict discipline, and consideration for the overall situation was the fundamental support that enabled the Red Army to cross thousands of mountains and rivers and overcome desperate straits. Through numerous details of battlefield coordination, mutual assistance on the march, and unity between officers and men, the film vividly interprets the profound truth that unity wins, and also clearly demonstrates the fundamental trait that distinguishes the army led by the Chinese Communist Party from other armies.
In the film, Zhu De repeatedly expresses the sentiment that "Zhu and Mao cannot be separated." At every key strategic node, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Zhang Wentian, Wang Jiaxiang, and others all embodied the spirit of putting the overall situation first, disregarding personal gain and loss, and taking the initiative to shoulder responsibility, with a spirit of responsibility and cooperation. The Party's leaders treating each other with sincerity, sharing the same goals and ideals (同心同德, tong xin tong de - "same, heart, same, virtue"), and maintaining a high degree of unity were important conditions for reversing the course of the war. In the film, Xu Haidong, commander of the 25th Red Army, upon learning the news that the Central Red Army was heading north from western Sichuan, immediately suggested to the Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi Provincial Committee that they should respond to and support the Party Central Committee, led the vanguard regiment on a western expedition to Gansu, and was the first to arrive in northern Shaanxi, pinning down the enemy through a series of operations and effectively coordinating with the Central Committee's northward action. It was precisely because everyone thought with one mind and exerted strength in one direction that they gathered a combat force that was indestructible and capable of breaking through any defense (无坚不摧, wu jian bu cui - "without, solid, not, destroy"). Without this great unity in ideology and politics, the victory of the Chinese revolution could not have been achieved.
The Long March was a great expedition of awakening the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "When the Red Army wins battles, the people are the mountain behind them." During the march, our Party always took root among the people, propagating among the masses, arming the masses, and uniting the masses. Mao Zedong profoundly summarized: "The Long March is the first of its kind in the annals of history; the Long March is a manifesto, the Long March is a propaganda team, the Long March is a seeder." During the march, even when suffering from both hunger and cold and lacking supplies, the Red Army officers and soldiers never took a single needle, a single thread, or a single grain of grain from the common people; facing the ethnic minority masses, the Red Army implemented correct ethnic policies, respected local customs, preached revolutionary ideas, and through their own exemplary actions, sowed the seeds of revolution, winning the sincere support and endorsement of the people, and the people along the way spontaneously delivered food and water to the Red Army and rescued the wounded, thereby gathering the powerful force of the whole nation united in resistance against Japan. Through scene after moving scene, the film profoundly reveals that the Long March was not a lone army fighting alone, but a great journey of the Party and the people advancing side by side with one heart and one mind.
The Long March was a great expedition of opening up a new situation. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly summarized that the Long March spirit is "the spirit of adhering to independence and self-reliance, seeking truth from facts, and proceeding from reality in everything." In the film, in the face of ferocious and brutal pursuing and blocking enemies, harsh and severe natural environments, and fierce struggles against erroneous ideas within the Party, Mao Zedong proposed: "Our heads grow on our own necks, and our legs grow on our own bodies; why can't we take a new road?" The destiny of the Chinese people must be grasped in their own hands; this was a major political judgment made after experiencing the twists and turns and explorations of the revolution, in the face of a severe and complex war environment. At the critical juncture of life and death for the Chinese revolution, the Chinese Communist Party opened a new stage of independently solving the practical problems of the Chinese revolution, and the Chinese revolution as a whole began to take the correct path suited to itself. It was precisely because of adhering to taking its own road that the Chinese Communist Party and the Red Army gradually grew, matured, and became ever stronger!
The film The Long March uses light and shadow to record a glorious page in the history of the Chinese Communist Party that shook the world and shines forever in the annals of history. This magnificent journey spanning tens of thousands of li opened up an entirely new situation for the Chinese revolution, laid a solid foundation for the cause of national liberation, left precious spiritual wealth for the Chinese nation, and forged an ever-fading spiritual monument for Chinese Communists. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Every generation has its own Long March road, and every generation must walk its own Long March road well." In the new era, Chinese Communists are leading the Chinese people to continue advancing bravely on the new Long March road. We still need to draw spiritual strength and strategic wisdom from reviewing history, and strive forward with determination to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and create new glories!
Return to TopBy: 李墨波
Recently on the internet, some simple and plain articles have moved many readers and been widely shared. The authors of these articles are not professional writers, but ordinary people from all walks of life, including a migrant worker who, after a lifetime of toil, writes a deeply felt remembrance of his deceased mother; and a letter written by a "melon-carrying youth" to a mother he has not seen for ten years. These writings contain no ornate rhetoric and no complex literary techniques, yet because their feelings are sincere, they possess the power to move people's hearts, evoking resonance in many readers.
Why can the writing of these ordinary people be so moving?
First, they are present in and personally experienced in life; they understand real life best and feel it most deeply. Compared with professional writers, they do not need to "go deep into life" or "experience fieldwork," because they are already in life. What these ordinary writers possess is solid life accumulation, long-term professional experience, unique life stories, and vivid details that can be encountered but not sought after. These are the deposits of the years, the gifts of fate, things that cannot be fabricated in a study. These genuine life experiences cannot be replaced by professional literary technique.
The reason readers are moved by these writings lies not in how high their literary technique is, or what significance these pieces have for literary history, but in that what these works express is the life readers are familiar with; these works speak to the common situation of many people, allowing them to see themselves in them. These writings are not acting in a superior or aloof manner (高高在上, gāo gāo shàng shàng - "high high up") or being aloof and unfriendly (拒人千里, jù rén qiān lǐ - "reject person thousand li"), but are cordial, natural, and close at hand. Among them there is confusion, hardship, and sorrow, but also joy, enterprise, and boldness, recording the shared moments experienced by countless ordinary people. It is precisely the shared mental journey and shared emotion, precisely this feeling a sense of shared emotion or sympathy (心有戚戚, xīn yǒu qī qī - "heart have similar feeling") and shared destiny, that allow readers to truly empathize. On the great road of the life of our times, we are all fellow travelers.
Second, the most valuable thing in the writing of these ordinary people is that it always maintains an honesty and sincerity, while also holding reverence and solemnity in the heart. Their writing is faithful to life, faithful to their own experience; it does not embellish, does not show off, does not polish, does not exaggerate, and in its plainness even carries a trace of clumsiness, giving their words a power that reaches straight into the heart. The unconscious literary creation of these ordinary people, precisely because of its sincerity and plainness, does not fall into clichés in artistic realm, and in some respects even surpasses professional writers. Laozi said, "great skill appears simple and unadorned" (大巧若拙, dà qiǎo ruò zhuō - "great skill seems clumsy"); Zhuangzi said, "plainness, and nothing under heaven can contend with it for beauty"; the Book of Changes says, "cultivate words to establish sincerity." All of these say that plainness and sincerity are precisely one of the secrets of literature's power to move people. Literature has never been about technique, but about emotion and the soul.
The creation of these ordinary people is just like a fresh breeze, bringing inspiration and insight to professional literary creation. Lu Xun once said in Casual Talk Outside the Door that compared with literati literature, mass literature "has not contracted the chronic ills of old literature," and is therefore "vigorous and fresh." In literary history one can often see that precisely because of absorbing the nourishment of folk literature, the existing face of literature has undergone new changes, thereby giving birth to new literature.
Of course, plainness does not mean roughness, and frankness does not mean opposing literary technique. What should be recognized is that those writers who are liked are themselves literature enthusiasts; they possess a certain literary cultivation and have mastered a certain literary technique, enabling them to use words skillfully and fully express their emotions. For these ordinary writers, to continue literary creation, they still need sustained learning—learning literary technique, learning literary classics, learning the precious artistic experience throughout literary history—so that this can aid their literary expression, making it more accurate, more moving, and more infectious, thereby moving toward a realm of freedom.
Before this, in the face of limited publishing resources and a relatively high threshold for writing, literary creation was often concentrated among professional writers, which also formed a pattern of literary production: a small number of people became the "ghostwriters" or "spokespersons" for the many. On many occasions, these professional writers needed to go deep into life and the masses to collect stories, accumulate material, and gain inspiration; yet such salvage is ultimately limited. More truly wonderful characters and stories may, because they never entered the writer's field of vision, slowly sink in the river of time and eventually be forgotten.
Fundamentally, literary expression has no threshold; the earliest literature originated precisely from the emotional exchange of working people: "When emotion stirs within, it takes form in words; when words are insufficient, one sighs over it; when sighs are insufficient, one sings it." Therefore, as long as abundant emotion takes shape, one must pour it outward; as long as there is emotional life, there will be literary expression. This is almost an instinct; every sincere soul hopes through words to meet another soul. Professionalism and specialization have never been able to block this most basic desire to speak. In a sense, this is precisely the fundamental driving force of literature's endless vitality.
Today's highly developed internet and media technology give every person the possibility of literary expression, and the mode of literary production and dissemination has therefore undergone major transformation. The masses no longer need "ghostwriters" or "spokespersons"; they can use modern media to tell their own stories and write their own literature. Those moving articles will ride on the wings of the internet to reach distant kindred spirits, enabling these ordinary writers to gain their own readers and thereby enter the public space of literature—the internet has lowered the threshold of literary expression, making the silent heard and the nameless seen. It can be said that the rise of new mass literature and art lies precisely in the fact that under internet conditions the masses have gained the power of expression; more ordinary people use literary writing to "establish their words," to express themselves, and thereby confirm their own value.
As the wave of new mass literature and art proclaims, the development of internet technology brings a transformation in the mode of literary production. Literary writing has shifted into a scattered, point-like trend of literary creation. The entrance to literature is no longer narrow, but open to all. The vegetation of literature has changed from the being the sole outstanding individual or element (一枝独秀, yī zhī dú xiù - "one branch alone bloom") of a few trees to the lush and luxuriant with vegetation (郁郁葱葱, yù yù cōng cōng - "lush green") of green covering the ground. Such a literary ecology will be healthier and more full of vitality, able to nurture diverse forms of literature and art, making the garden of literary and artistic creation flourishing and vigorous with many branches and leaves (枝繁叶茂, zhī fán yè mào - "branches many leaves lush") and a riot of colors or a colorful variety (万紫千红, wàn zǐ qiān hóng - "ten thousand purple thousand red").
The literary writing of ordinary people has new characteristics compared with professional literary creation. First, they are non-professional. They each have their own jobs, managing their own lives; after years of trudging, moved by feeling, they finally take up the pen to write down those words that must be said. Second, the content of their writing is mostly limited to their own experience, and in terms of creative frequency it is mostly occasional, lacking continuity. Some writers may enter sustained literary creation, but more writers, after recording those emotions that must be spoken, may lay down the pen. These characteristics make the literary creation of ordinary people distributed in a point-like pattern like stars, emitting brief light; they may not rise as solitary peaks, but these scattered points of faint light on the earth will eventually converge into an emotional galaxy nourishing the whole society. At the same time, tens of millions of ordinary writers from life will form a vast literary community. The stories, material, details, emotions, and energy contained in this community are enormous. On the basis of such solid literary practice, true literary masterpieces will inevitably be produced, and a true literary peak will inevitably be brought forth.
What must also be recognized is that such folk writing must also guard against going astray. When a genre is sought after, under the drive of algorithms, similar genres are repeatedly pushed, ultimately making it possible for these folk literary creations to move toward homogenization and labeling, or even be held hostage by these labels, beginning to repeat themselves, cater to traffic, and consume suffering. At the same time, one must be vigilant that these folk identities become labels fought over by all, making "ordinary people" and "the bottom" packaged by platforms as selling points, crudely imitated, ultimately harming those sincere writers and the broad readership.
(The author is deputy editor-in-chief of Selected Novels.)
Return to TopBy: 周思明
In 1989, Li Haiying composed "The Crescent Moon," an interlude for the music television piece "Earth's Love Language." The song was first performed by Chen Rujia and later covered by Wu Qixian and Lü Fang, becoming a hit in Hong Kong and Taiwan. For a song to achieve the level of appealing to both the refined and the common people (雅俗共赏, ya su gong shang - "elegant, vulgar, share, appreciate") and being suitable for people of all ages (老少咸宜, lao shao xian yi - "old, young, all, suitable"), there must be a fundamental reason. When asked about the source of inspiration for the song, Li Haiying replied, "If we're talking about the source, it has to be our traditional culture." Composing "The Crescent Moon" allowed Li Haiying to find his roots—namely, the immensely profound traditional culture possessed by the Chinese nation. No matter what stage of development the era reaches, many traditional things remain the cornerstone of our society; some seemingly fashionable things will not be the foundation of our nation's survival.
Although several singers had performed "The Crescent Moon" before Liu Huan, Li Haiying felt that while other singers' interpretations each had their own flair, they still differed from the ideal style he had in mind, so he decided to go to Beijing in person to invite Liu Huan to sing the song. Liu Huan had once expressed: regard music a bit more highly, regard oneself a bit more humbly—this attitude toward music deeply resonated with Li Haiying. Li Haiying and Liu Huan had known each other since 1986 and had a foundation of many years of collaboration. Liu Huan was innovative in his singing style; when he performed Li Haiying's "Guitar Night Talk" in 1987, he adopted a jazz style, which was also an innovation at the time and aligned with Li Haiying's musical philosophy. Furthermore, Li Haiying was persistent in seeking Liu Huan to sing "The Crescent Moon" because he believed Liu Huan was a musical genius with a high level of understanding and accomplishment in music, capable of carrying the song's voice to every household in the country (千家万户, qian jia wan hu - "thousand, families, ten thousand, households"). Liu Huan liked the song upon seeing it and added a high note and a falsetto passage—an original touch no other singer had—helping "The Crescent Moon" become a classic. In 2008, Li Haiying held a concert in Guangzhou, which was one of the "Guangzhou Commemorative Series of Cultural and Artistic Activities for the 30th Anniversary of Reform and Opening Up." Liu Huan specially flew back from the United States to perform "The Crescent Moon" as the finale, reflecting his love for music and his respect and friendship for the original composer Li Haiying.
All told, the two collaborated on roughly a dozen songs. When discussing in the recording studio, the sincerity and talent Liu Huan displayed toward music left a deep impression on Li Haiying. Indeed, Liu Huan truly deserved the reputation of "musical genius"—from the 1980s all the way to singing the Olympic Games theme song, he exerted a great influence on China's musical life, and his voice spanned nearly the decades following reform and opening up.
After Liu Huan's passing, Li Haiying recalled his past with this musical genius, his words and demeanor filled with remembrance. Li Haiying commented that Liu Huan was very candid in his treatment of both music and honors. Li Haiying also repeatedly used the word "truthfulness" to describe Liu Huan's character and music. Li Haiying recalled Liu Huan flying specially from the United States back to Guangzhou to perform "The Crescent Moon" as the finale. That concert did not pay Liu Huan according to market rates, because the organizers simply could not afford it. Liu Huan's willingness to give reflected his love for music and his sincerity toward friends. Liu Huan's passing filled Li Haiying with deep grief. He believed that Liu Huan was the singer while he himself was the creator—though their fields differed, their pursuit of and reverent attitude toward music were completely identical. The heart-stirring lyrics in "The Crescent Moon"—"Ah, the moon of my hometown, your crescent sorrow pierces through my chest"—not only conveyed the longing for home shared by creator Li Haiying and singer Liu Huan, but also allowed countless Chinese audiences to find strong resonance in their own lives.
The reason Liu Huan's version of "The Crescent Moon" is more moving than the same-named songs by other singers lies precisely in the former expressing the song's homesickness with greater depth and delicacy. When singing "The Crescent Moon," Liu Huan blended elements of late-1980s Cantonese pop music with northern folk ballads; in the arrangement, he adopted elements of traditional Chinese folk music, such as the flute prelude, which mimicked the nursery rhymes played by village elders in his childhood, giving the song a unique auditory beauty and a sense of harmonious coexistence. In terms of structural characteristics, the first section's recollective narration carries traditional warmth, the second section's lyrical chanting is the softness of popular style, and the third section's ascent has a quality of looking back or seeking roots within the era of the time, making the song both popular and elegant, trendy yet local—possessing both emotional subtlety and serious expression.
According to reports, when Guangzhou Radio broadcast Liu Huan's version of "The Crescent Moon" in 1990, the phone lines were swamped, and the song quickly spread through every street and alley. It not only became the inaugural song on the Guangdong Pop Music Chart but also won the chart's quarterly and annual championships, as well as the Top Ten Golden Songs of the Year award on the Beijing pop chart. In 2008, Li Haiying and Liu Huan received the 30th Anniversary of Reform and Opening Up Pop Music Golden Melody Medal for this song. Liu Huan's version of "The Crescent Moon" combines emotional depth, musical style, structural characteristics, and wide dissemination—advantages that make it more moving than other versions' performances.
Return to TopBy: 董楠卿
In the laboratory late at night, no researchers are present, but exploration has not stopped. Rows of robotic arms are precisely weighing and dispensing reagents that have just been transferred in, preparing to set up more than a hundred parallel control experiments in the same experimental area at once, with varying parameters such as temperature, reagent dosage, and reaction duration. This is not a scene from a science fiction film, but a real scene taking place in an "autonomous laboratory" in reality.
An autonomous laboratory is not an "automated assembly line" in the traditional sense of a scientific research setting, but rather a "magic weapon" in which a new generation of artificial intelligence technology, represented by large models and embodied intelligence, is deeply integrated with hardware equipment such as robots and automated experimental instruments in specific scientific scenarios. Traditional automated laboratory equipment can only follow established procedures or routines (按部就班, an bu jiu ban - "press, follow, step, step") in executing preset programs; its core is converting every step of a fixed experimental process into executable code through programming. An autonomous laboratory, by contrast, is an intelligent platform that possesses both a "brain" and "hands and feet" and can independently conduct scientific experiments.
At present, in this intelligent platform, artificial intelligence (AI), represented by scientific large models, plays the role of a "super brain." It first conducts "dry experiments" in digital space, relying on vast amounts of literature and scientific data to carry out a series of deep reasoning tasks, including proposing scientific hypotheses, invoking computational tools, making machine-learning predictions, and analyzing numerical results. When the results of the "dry experiments" have been fully developed through reasoning in the virtual world, the "brain" then proceeds to conduct "wet experiments," issuing experimental protocols to the "hands and feet" in the physical world. At this point, the "hands and feet" are no longer traditional robotic arms or automated experimental instruments that only rigidly execute code. Experimental robots driven by embodied intelligence possess keen environmental perception and flexible motion control capabilities. They can autonomously plan action paths based on the experimental protocols issued by the "brain," combined with the real physical experimental scenario, and precisely complete complex "wet experiment" operations such as reagent weighing, microliter-level pipetting, and mixing and heating. Automated experimental instruments can establish a high-speed, mutually connected collaboration and evolution mechanism with scientific large models through standardized interfaces such as the Model Context Protocol (MCP). While the "wet experiments" are underway, the massive amounts of multimodal laboratory data collected in real time by the equipment flow back to the "brain" for in-depth analysis and evaluation, which then iteratively optimizes the next round of experimental design. In this way, the autonomous laboratory has completely broken down the barrier between "dry experiments" and "wet experiments," forming a complete scientific research closed loop of "hypothesis proposal—physical verification—data feedback—iterative optimization," giving machines a genuine ability to autonomously explore the unknown world.
The core significance of building autonomous laboratories lies in completely breaking the efficiency bottleneck of traditional scientific research, becoming a "new engine" for accelerating scientific discovery, and serving as vivid practice for cultivating productive forces in the research field. On the one hand, autonomous laboratories can break through the limits of human physiology and energy, achieving uninterrupted 7×24-hour "lights-out" operation. Through high-throughput parallel processing, they drastically compress the "trial-and-error" research and development cycle that traditionally takes years or even decades, pushing the research model from "labor-intensive" to "computing- and intelligence-intensive," greatly reducing innovation costs and accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into new quality productive forces. On the other hand, autonomous laboratories can achieve high precision and experiments under extreme conditions that are beyond human reach. At the microscopic level, they can complete microliter-level or even nanoliter-level precise pipetting that human hands cannot perform stably, eliminating random errors caused by human operation; at the macroscopic level, they can operate safely in hazardous environments such as those with high toxicity, high radioactivity, or extreme temperature and pressure, safeguarding the health of researchers; at the level of complex systems, they can simultaneously and precisely control hundreds or thousands of variables, conducting ultra-large-scale orthogonal experiments that are difficult for humans to coordinate. This exploratory capability that transcends the physical limits of humanity is continuously expanding the boundaries of scientific research.
Looking globally, autonomous laboratories have become a strategic high ground that major science and technology powers are competing to establish. Abroad, related exploration started relatively early. As early as 2009, before the explosion of large-model technology, Aberystwyth University and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom developed the robot scientist "Adam," which, by automatically conducting yeast growth experiments combined with logical reasoning and machine learning, successfully identified the coding genes corresponding to multiple orphan enzymes in yeast; the results were published in the journal Science. In 2020, the University of Liverpool in the United Kingdom developed a mobile robot chemist capable of freely walking and operating instruments in a traditional laboratory. Operating continuously for 8 days without human intervention, the system completed 688 experiments and automatically discovered a highly efficient photocatalyst for splitting water to produce hydrogen from tens of millions of candidate formulations; the results were published in the journal Nature. In 2023, the University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the United States launched "A-Lab," a full-chain autonomous laboratory for new inorganic powder materials. A-Lab first used natural language processing technology to extract synthesis formulations from vast amounts of literature and train prediction models, then had robots automatically complete ingredient mixing, high-temperature sintering, and X-ray diffraction characterization, and finally used AI to analyze the results and iteratively optimize. Data show that A-Lab successfully synthesized 41 entirely new materials from 58 target compounds, with a success rate far exceeding that of traditional methods. In the same year, Carnegie Mellon University in the United States, for the first time, used a large model (GPT-4) as the intelligent core and launched the "Coscientist" artificial intelligence system, with results also published in the journal Nature. Coscientist can independently consult documents, write experimental code, and control cloud laboratory equipment through natural language instructions. In the cloud, it successfully planned and executed the full-process autonomous optimization of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, marking that AI agents have genuinely acquired the ability to autonomously design and control experiments.
Domestically, relying on its strong artificial intelligence industrial base and complete manufacturing system, China is accelerating its catch-up and achieving partial leadership. In 2022, the University of Science and Technology of China developed the robot chemist "Xiaolai," which, with no human intervention throughout, autonomously completed the closed loop from meteorite analysis to catalyst creation in just 6 weeks. "Xiaolai" first controlled laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to analyze the elemental composition of Martian meteorites, then used machine-learning models to intelligently screen from 3.76 million possible formulations, ultimately synthesizing a high-performance oxygen evolution catalyst; the related results were published in the journal Nature Synthesis, marking a key step forward for China in this field. Before the 2026 World Artificial Intelligence Conference, Shanghai conducted a five-day, five-night autonomous laboratory experiment without human intervention, and an autonomous laboratory capable of conducting nearly 400 experiments per day on average has also been put into routine operation in Beijing. These cutting-edge practices show that autonomous laboratories have immeasurable potential in scientific research and are profoundly reshaping the competitive landscape of global scientific and technological innovation.
The vigorous development of autonomous laboratories cannot be separated from top-level design in macro policy. At present, China is vigorously developing artificial intelligence technology, providing fertile soil for the research, development, and deployment of autonomous laboratories. The Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Implementation of the "AI+" Action explicitly states the need to "accelerate the construction and application of scientific large models" and "support the promotion and application of intelligent R&D tools and platforms," aiming to give autonomous laboratories a more intelligent "brain." The outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan lists embodied intelligence as a future industry requiring forward-looking layout, which will further help autonomous laboratories "free up their hands and feet." Under the guidance of national macro policy, local governments are also acting in light of local conditions and making targeted efforts.For example, Shanghai issued the Shanghai Action Plan for Promoting the Innovative Development of Scientific Instruments and Research Reagents (2025–2027), which, while promoting the independent development of scientific instruments, also "supports the development of intelligent instrument control systems," consolidating the hardware foundation for autonomous laboratories; Beijing issued the Beijing Implementation Plan for Accelerating AI-Empowered Scientific Research (2026–2028), which directly focuses on "accelerating the construction of an autonomous laboratory system" and sets "building autonomous laboratories with autonomous perception, autonomous decision-making, and autonomous execution capabilities" as the core work objective.
Despite the broad prospects, the full popularization of autonomous laboratories still faces many gaps that urgently need to be bridged. At the technical level, the training of scientific large models remains constrained by the scarcity of high-quality, standardized scientific data, and the "hallucination" problem of models in complex reasoning has not yet been eradicated; at the same time, experimental robots driven by embodied intelligence still need substantial improvement in their generalization capabilities and micron-level fine operation precision when dealing with non-standardized experimental scenarios. At the practical level, the cost of building the software and hardware for autonomous laboratories is also extremely high—from high-end robotic arms and precision sensors to automated workstations—which makes most ordinary universities and research institutes balk at the prospect. In addition, current successful cases of autonomous laboratories are mostly concentrated in relatively mature disciplines such as chemical synthesis and materials design, where it is easy to achieve adding embellishment to something already excellent (锦上添花, jin shang tian hua - "brocade, on, add, flower"), whereas in the "deep-water zones" such as biological breeding and innovative drug development, where the gap between domestic and international levels urgently needs to be narrowed, the deployment of autonomous laboratories is still in its infancy due to the extreme complexity of biological systems and the highly non-standard nature of experimental processes. Taking biological breeding as an example, it involves massive amounts of phenotypic and genotypic data, and traditional manual screening is like searching for a needle in a haystack (大海捞针, da hai lao zhen - "big, sea, scoop, needle"); there is an urgent need for autonomous laboratories to achieve high-throughput phenotypic identification and gene-editing verification. In the future, how to make autonomous laboratories transform from a "luxury for the few" into "standard equipment for the many researchers" through technological cost reduction, standard setting, and interdisciplinary integration is a challenge that government, industry, academia, research, and application need to jointly tackle in the next step.
(The author is a researcher at Pujiang National Laboratory)
Return to TopBy: 曲崇明
General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed the need to steadily increase fiscal investment in basic research, encourage enterprises to increase their investment through multiple means such as tax incentives, and encourage social forces to establish science funds, make scientific donations, and engage in other diversified forms of investment. Scientific donation refers to the act by which natural persons, legal persons, or unincorporated organizations, based on public-interest or quasi-public-interest purposes such as promoting scientific and technological development, supporting scientific research activities, and popularizing scientific knowledge, voluntarily and gratuitously transfer property to scientific research institutions, universities, science-and-technology-oriented public welfare organizations, and other scientific research entities. The Law on Scientific and Technological Progress explicitly confers on scientific research and technological development institutions the right to receive social donations and funding. At present, the willingness of social forces to participate in scientific donations is growing, but the current policies still leave room for optimization in terms of incentive compatibility and precise identification, and it is necessary to further improve the relevant institutions suited to the characteristics of the laws of scientific research.
Under current laws and policies, donations oriented toward science mainly follow two paths. First, in accordance with the Law on Donations for Public Welfare and the Charity Law, donations used for broadly defined scientific public welfare undertakings such as science popularization, science and technology education, and improvement of scientific research conditions may enjoy the pre-tax deduction policy for public welfare donations; second, in accordance with the spirit of the Law on Scientific and Technological Progress regarding encouraging social forces to invest in basic research, and the "Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Tax Incentive Policies for Enterprise Investment in Basic Research," expenditures by enterprises contributed to non-profit scientific research institutions, institutions of higher learning, and governmental natural science funds for basic research are subject to pre-tax deduction based on actual amounts and may additionally be deducted at 100 percent. The former emphasizes universal incentives, while the latter emphasizes precise targeting, but in the implementation of the two types of policies, some of the rule arrangements still need to be better adapted to the inherent laws of scientific research activities.
In terms of the determination of the qualifications of recipient entities, the current standards in practice carry the possibility of applying a single standard indiscriminately (一刀切, yi dao qie - "one, knife, cut"), failing to fully adapt to the characteristics of new-type research and development institutions. The "Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Determination and Administration of Tax-Exempt Status for Non-Profit Organizations" requires that non-profit organizations applying for tax-exempt status satisfy conditions such as "the average wage and salary level of staff members shall not exceed twice the average wage level of organizations of the same industry and same type in the prefecture-level (including prefecture-level) or above region where tax registration is located," and the "Announcement of the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs on Matters Concerning Pre-Tax Deduction for Public Welfare Donations" makes an organization's social organization evaluation grade of 3A or above (including 3A) a precondition for pre-tax deduction of public welfare donations. The above standards present certain adaptation difficulties when applied to new-type research and development institutions operating under market-oriented compensation systems—especially science-and-technology-oriented private non-enterprise units. Such institutions are often newly established with no evaluation grade yet, or need to offer competitive compensation to attract high-end talent, yet under the current system they face the dilemma that "the more they need social donations, the less able they are to obtain tax incentives," which objectively blocks an important channel for social capital to enter the field of basic research.
In terms of the determination of the nature of scientific research expenditures, modern scientific research often exhibits the extended characteristic of "basic research—applied research—transformation of achievements," and the boundaries between the various stages are increasingly blurred. According to the "Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Tax Incentive Policies for Enterprise Investment in Basic Research," basic research "does not presuppose a specific application or use purpose," but when a donation is directed to a research and development institution that simultaneously engages in theoretical exploration and prototype trial production, how the use of funds should be divided currently lacks clear accounting rules. Tax authorities find it difficult to determine which expenditures fall within the "basic research" category eligible for incentives, recipient parties are unable to provide donors with compliant tax vouchers, and donors, fearing compliance risks, do not dare to make large-scale investments. The absence of a unified accounting caliber makes it difficult for the goodwill of the policy to be translated into actual incentives.
In terms of the intensity of tax incentives, the general pre-tax deduction limit for public welfare donations is 12 percent of annual total profit, with the excess portion only eligible for carry-forward of three years, and the deduction limit for individual donations is 30 percent of current-period taxable income. The above design of "low percentage plus short period" is insufficient in intensity for basic research projects that often last five to ten years. A single large donation often cannot be fully deducted in the year it is made, weakening the enthusiasm of enterprises and high-net-worth individuals for making long-term, rolling donations. In addition, the tax-exempt status of non-profit organizations is valid for five years, while the qualification for pre-tax deduction of public welfare donations is valid for three years; the two qualifications belong to different determination systems with inconsistent review cycles, which in practice can easily lead to gaps in qualification, further increasing institutional transaction costs.
In response to the above bottlenecks, coordinated efforts can be made from the aspects of the recipient end, incentive intensity, platform construction, and regulatory mechanisms, so as to stimulate the social vitality of scientific donations.
At the recipient end, build a dual channel in which "subject determination" and "use management" operate in parallel. For purely public welfare scientific donations, continue to apply the existing procedures for determining subject qualifications. For donations flowing to research and development institutions that are quasi-public welfare in nature, it is not appropriate to simply bypass the statutory subject qualification requirements; on the basis of subject qualifications as the foundation, "use look-through" management can be strengthened. Specifically, scientific research institutions with statutory qualifications may be permitted to establish basic research special fund accounts that are independently accounted for and used exclusively for designated purposes; after donated funds are directed into such accounts, and subject to satisfaction of subject qualifications, the corresponding tax incentives may be enjoyed in accordance with regulations. At the same time, a separate-account accounting system should be established, requiring recipient units to account separately for basic research expenditures and achievement transformation expenditures, ensuring the "three unifications" of "invoice, account, and use," with the science and technology administrative department taking the lead and tax and fiscal departments coordinating, to establish a joint review mechanism for donation agreement filing and fund use, thereby both precisely activating social capital and effectively preventing tax avoidance under the guise of "basic research."
In terms of subject qualification determination, establish a joint dynamic evaluation mechanism. Revise and improve the rigid restrictions on compensation levels in the "Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Determination and Administration of Tax-Exempt Status for Non-Profit Organizations"; for new-type research and development institutions primarily engaged in basic research as determined by the science and technology department, introduce the rule of "separate accounting for core R&D personnel compensation" in the review of tax-exempt status, and no longer simply apply the unified red line of "twice the average wage level of organizations of the same industry and same type." At the same time, suspend the use of the 3A evaluation grade as a precondition for newly established scientific research institutions to obtain pre-tax deduction qualification, which may be changed to a mechanism of "acceptance with missing documents, compliance within a time limit"—new institutions are not required to provide an evaluation grade within a certain period after establishment, and only if they still fail to meet the standard upon expiration of the period is their qualification suspended. In addition, the science and technology, fiscal, and tax departments may establish a routine joint determination mechanism and publish a dynamic qualification list, breaking down data barriers and avoiding qualification vacuums caused by mismatched review cycles.
In terms of incentive intensity, in light of the long-cycle characteristics of basic research, appropriately extend the carry-forward deduction period for scientific research donations. For donations specifically designated for basic research and meeting the requirements of special account management, it is suggested that on the basis of the current 12 percent ratio, the carry-forward period for the excess portion be further extended so that it basically covers the main output production cycle of basic research. For large individual donations, the deduction ratio and carry-forward period may be raised simultaneously, effectively enhancing the tolerance of the tax system for long-cycle basic research.
In terms of platform construction, smooth the entry channels for social donations. First, establish a national special donation fund for basic research. Relying on the National Natural Science Foundation of China or foundations under the administration of the Ministry of Science and Technology, establish a national special donation fund for basic research and a unified special account for social donations. At the same time, establish a "government matching funding" mechanism, whereby the government may match a certain proportion of fiscal funds to eligible designated large donations, so as to enhance the credibility of the platform and solve the problem of weak fundraising capacity of small and medium-sized scientific research institutions. Second, encourage the establishment of science-and-technology-oriented charitable trusts and special funds. Support enterprises, industry associations, and high-net-worth individuals in establishing charitable trusts, family scientific research funds, or corporate foundations aimed at funding basic research, clarifying that they enjoy tax incentives in accordance with regulations upon asset transfer, and that the appreciation income from assets within the accounts may be recycled for use in designated basic research fields and is exempt from income tax; donors legally enjoy the right to be informed and to supervise the use of funds, and may, without interfering in scientific research topic selection and project approval decisions, put forward reasonable opinions on the direction of fund use, achieving precise alignment between donation intentions and strategic needs.
In terms of regulatory mechanisms, explore shifting from "strict prior approval" to "strict post-hoc supervision." Recipient institutions enjoying tax incentives must fulfill stricter disclosure obligations, publicly disclosing on an annual basis the details of donation fund income and expenditure, project progress, and representative scientific research achievements, and voluntarily accepting audit and social supervision. For institutions that fail to disclose information as required or misappropriate funds, their tax incentive qualifications shall be suspended or revoked in accordance with the law, and a "blacklist" system shall be established, forming a long-term governance mechanism of rewarding trustworthiness and punishing breach of trust, so as to safeguard the confidence of social forces in participating in scientific donations through institutional certainty.
Return to TopBy: 姚旭
General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 2026 World Artificial Intelligence Conference and the High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance, raising four major questions of the era concerning artificial intelligence. Among them, the question "When the gap continues to widen, how can universal benefit be achieved?" directly targets the pain points and hidden concerns of AI governance. On one side, large language models are accelerating their iteration; on the other, 2.2 billion people worldwide still lack access to the internet—while some are discussing how to harness AI, others have yet to obtain a ticket to the intelligent world. Whether AI becomes a panacea for bridging the intelligence divide or a Pandora's box that widens it depends on whether all parties can focus on AI capacity-building and help special groups, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the Global South benefit equally in the process of AI development.
At present, global AI technology innovation has entered an unprecedented period of activity, containing both enormous opportunities and governance challenges, with all parties particularly concerned that the intelligence divide may be rapidly widening. From a regional perspective, developed countries, leveraging their advantages in technology, industry, talent, and capital, hold dominance over core algorithms, high-end computing power, and key chips, while the vast Global South countries, with weak infrastructure and insufficient innovation capacity, struggle to integrate into the intelligent industry system. A 2025 World Bank report shows that high-income countries account for 87% of the world's important models and 91% of cumulative venture capital investment in AI startups. From a group perspective, the elderly, persons with disabilities, and low-income groups face the intelligent dilemma of being unable to afford, unable to access, and unable to use AI well. From an industry perspective, large technology companies monopolize core technologies and data resources, intensifying differentiation in industry development. Once computing power supply, model training, and standard-setting are monopolized, the vast majority of groups will only be able to purchase services, provide raw data, and accept external rules, making the formation and entrenchment of the intelligence divide unavoidable.
The primary prerequisite for resolving the intelligence divide is to uphold the development philosophy of people-centeredness and striving for goodness and progress. AI is not an exclusive tool of a few countries, a few enterprises, or a few groups, but a common technological asset of all humanity. For a long time, some actors have one-sidedly pursued the speed of technological iteration and industrial economic benefits, emphasizing efficiency gains while neglecting rights protection, which has already caused public resistance and aversion to AI in some countries. It is necessary to correct the value coordinates of technological development, break free from the single-minded thinking of technology-first and efficiency-priority, and integrate inclusiveness and universality throughout the entire process of AI research and development, application, and governance, promoting AI to genuinely benefit people's livelihoods. This requires us to jointly explore effective paths for AI to promote the sharing of development dividends among all parties and advance global AI capacity-building.
Bridging the divide requires building basic AI capabilities as a public good oriented toward the future. Infrastructure is the cornerstone of inclusive development; investment in computing power networks, energy support, and intelligent terminal facilities in underdeveloped regions and developing countries should be increased to consolidate the foundation for the application of intelligent services. Sustainable research and development capacity is the guarantee for inclusive application; unfair technological restrictions must be removed, crude long-arm jurisdiction and export controls opposed, and open-source models are also needed to lower usage thresholds and provide diverse options, ensuring that basic capabilities are usable, well-used, and durable. Encouraging and supporting intelligent technology to take root and flourish in various countries and regions. Inclusiveness means that local institutions in various countries anchor problems together, learn from each other in data construction and model adaptation, and form new knowledge and skills, rather than simply copying a mature solution to different countries and regions. The real needs of Global South countries in areas such as healthcare, education, elderly care, government affairs, agriculture, and disaster prevention should receive priority attention. China's intelligent meteorological early warning solution "Mazu" combines disaster observation with forecasting and early warning; since its release in 2025, it has been implemented in 7 countries, and will be promoted to 30 countries in the future—a vivid illustration of the shift from technological products to localized capacity co-building.
Talent empowerment and institutional safeguards are important supports for resolving the intelligence divide and achieving long-term inclusive benefits. Teaching someone a skill is better than just giving them something (授人以鱼不如授人以渔, shou ren yi yu bu ru shou ren yi yu - "give person with fish, not as good as give person with fishing"), and systematically reforming education and training concepts will provide better soil for building an intelligent talent ecosystem. Improve the national digital and intelligent literacy cultivation system, carry out tiered and categorized intelligent skills training for different special groups, and let cross-border, cross-sector intelligent training start from curriculum development, with an overall plan that integrates teacher training and scenario-based practice. Improve the policy and institutional system oriented toward inclusiveness; through policy guidance, financial support, and standards and regulations, lower the threshold for intelligent transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises and traditional industries, encourage enterprises to develop inclusive, livelihood-oriented, and public-welfare intelligent products and services, curb technological monopoly and disorderly capital expansion, and prevent technological advantages from being transformed into development barriers and thresholds. In the long run, fairness, inclusiveness, and benefiting the people should be incorporated as important evaluation indicators for technological development and industrial layout, with institutional rigidity ensuring that inclusive development delivers tangible results.
The inclusive development of AI has never been a solo performance by a single country, but a common cause of all humanity; we should advocate working together with one heart to overcome difficulties (和衷共济, he zhong gong ji - "together, heart, jointly, assist") and improve global governance. At present, the global AI governance system is not yet complete, and problems such as technological barriers, industrial monopoly, and fragmented governance seriously constrain inclusive and universal development. Inclusiveness means that Global South countries can participate equally in the AI governance process; they should neither be exposed to risks due to insufficient governance capacity nor be shut out of innovation because rules are formulated by a few countries. It is necessary to practice true multilateralism, rely on the main channel of the United Nations and the multilateral platforms of various international organizations, promote the coordinated improvement of global AI governance rules, and build an open, fair, and non-discriminatory environment for intelligent development.
Developed countries should proactively assume responsibility and, through technological assistance, talent cultivation, production capacity cooperation, and experience sharing, help Global South countries fill gaps in intelligent development. All countries should abandon technological protectionism and a situation where one person's gain is another's loss (零和博弈, ling he bo yi - "zero, sum, game, competition") thinking, jointly curb technological monopoly and resolve development imbalances, and prevent AI from creating new divides. In recent years, China has successively proposed the "Global AI Governance Initiative," the "AI Capacity-Building Action Plan for Good and for All," the "AI+ International Cooperation Initiative," and a series of other proposals, forming a number of demonstrative achievements that have been highly praised by the Global South. China's cases have confirmed through practical experience that AI governance must simultaneously advance development and security; promoting development does not mean neglecting security capabilities, advocating security does not mean building development barriers, and inclusiveness requires all parties to work together to form comprehensive public goods.
Technology for good, inclusiveness for the long term. Inclusive AI is the ability to provide choices for all parties—choices of technological tools, solutions, and even intelligent development paths that are more suitable for themselves. Bridging the intelligence divide requires attention to effective paths for local talent in Global South countries to grow together with the intelligent era, prompting tangible improvements in local public services through AI applications. Model parameters and computing power scale are driving the accelerated evolution of AI technology, while inclusive capacity-building determines whether this technology can achieve making steady progress to achieve long-term success (行稳致远, xing wen zhi yuan - "walk, steady, reach, far"). A series of platforms and mechanisms that have emerged in response, such as the World AI Cooperation Organization, the 5,000 AI special training and research opportunities China will provide to developing countries over the next five years, and the UN-supported Global AI Capacity Development Network, will provide important support. All countries have realized that only by moving from tool accessibility to capacity autonomy, and from a few leading the way to inclusive common progress, can AI avoid creating fissures and truly become a common intellectual asset that benefits all humanity.
(The author is Secretary-General of the Global AI Innovation and Governance Center)
Return to TopBy: 席北斗
Biodiversity is the foundation for human survival and development, and also a yardstick for measuring the level of ecological civilization in a country. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed implementing major projects for biodiversity conservation. The "15th Five-Year Plan" for Ecological Protection proposes comprehensively strengthening biodiversity conservation, accelerating the establishment of a smart, efficient, and modernized ecological protection and restoration supervision system, and placing greater emphasis on empowering ecological protection and restoration with unified supervision through science, technology, and digital intelligence. In the field of biodiversity, science and technology are no longer merely auxiliary means but are reshaping the underlying logic of biodiversity conservation, pushing traditional experience-based conservation toward a new stage of precision governance.
Achievements Made
Science and technology are profoundly reshaping basic research on biodiversity. At the molecular level, DNA barcoding, metagenomics, and environmental DNA technologies have enabled species identification to break through the limitations of morphology, allowing precise monitoring of rare and cryptic species from water and soil without direct capture; high-throughput sequencing has systematically revealed the genetic diversity of species, providing molecular evidence for analyzing population dynamics and evolutionary history. At the macro level, satellite remote sensing, drones, infrared cameras, and passive acoustic monitoring have achieved multi-scale continuous observation, and artificial intelligence image recognition has greatly improved the efficiency of automatic species classification and identification. Science and technology are driving China's basic research on biodiversity to accelerate its transformation toward data-driven, intelligent analysis, and open sharing.
A biodiversity monitoring network has been preliminarily established. Since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has comprehensively employed satellite remote sensing, drones, ground sample plots, and other means to build 214 comprehensive ecological quality monitoring stations and 16,400 monitoring sample plots, gradually constructing a nationwide biodiversity monitoring network, laying the foundation for grasping species distribution patterns and ecological baselines. A species distribution database covering 2,376 county-level administrative units has been preliminarily established, achieving basic coverage of important ecological spaces and basically grasping the spatial distribution of wild animals and plants. Satellite remote sensing supervision has been carried out for ecological protection red lines, nature reserves, and other key areas, a regular monitoring mechanism has been established to promptly detect ecological damage problems, and feedback has been provided to supervise relevant departments in rectification, safeguarding the integrity of ecosystems through routine supervision.
Monitoring methods are upgrading toward intelligence. Traditional biodiversity monitoring has long relied on researchers "running with their legs and observing with their eyes," which is not only inefficient but also limited in precision. In recent years, the widespread application of drone patrols, infrared cameras, acoustic monitoring, environmental DNA, and other technologies has enabled biodiversity monitoring to move from "points" to "areas" and from "manual" to "intelligent," achieving continuous observation at the species, population, and even community levels, providing solid data support for scientific decision-making.
Key technologies are helping protect endangered species. Scientific and technological innovation has solved a number of core technical bottlenecks in endangered species protection and habitat restoration. For flagship species such as the giant panda, Przewalski's horse, and the crested ibis, major breakthroughs have been made in artificial breeding and wild release techniques. Breeding bases for rare and endangered animal and plant germplasm resources and genetic resource gene banks have been established, and by solving problems such as ex-situ conservation, in-situ conservation, and disease prevention and control, the risk-resistance capacity of endangered species and their habitats has been further enhanced.
Challenges Faced
Basic research and technological breakthroughs still need to be strengthened. Due to the limitations of disciplinary segmentation, research on different biological groups remains relatively independent, there is insufficient overall understanding of the mechanisms maintaining biodiversity and the laws of its evolution, and there is still a lack of theoretical breakthroughs on internationally frontier scientific questions such as the causes of biodiversity hotspots and the formation of their patterns. Understanding of the coupling mechanisms between climate and biodiversity is insufficient, the scientific foundation for adaptation research is weak, and research on the mechanisms endangering threatened species and the recovery of extremely small populations is not deep enough, resulting in insufficient scientific basis for conservation decisions. Many native Chinese species still lack high-quality DNA barcode data, and molecular identification of germplasm resources and mining of genes for superior traits still need to be strengthened. The application of technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing in the field of biodiversity is still in its infancy, and difficulties such as the inability to integrate multi-source indicators, insufficient coordination of multi-scale data, and low accuracy of large-scale models are all technical problems that need to be tackled.
The monitoring network and monitoring system are not well-established. Although an integrated "sky-ground" monitoring network has been preliminarily established, in climate-change-sensitive areas, some remote regions, key ecological corridors, and the marine domain, the number of monitoring stations is still insufficient, spatial and species coverage is uneven, and data representativeness is inadequate. Taking the Giant Panda National Park as an example, manual patrol coverage only reaches 10%, and a large number of nationally protected key species in remote areas have long been in monitoring blind spots. Existing methods have insufficient identification accuracy and cannot accurately identify species characteristics, and local monitoring data are fragmented and cannot reflect the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of populations. Monitoring dimensions are singular, data timeliness is poor, and it is difficult to track species migration paths and activity ranges, failing to meet species protection needs.
Gaps exist in monitoring standards. Frontier biotechnologies, artificial intelligence, and other emerging technologies are undergoing flourishing development (蓬勃发展, peng bo fa zhan - "flourish, vigorous, develop"), but corresponding technical guidelines, standard specifications, and regulatory systems have not kept pace, and the lag in regulations and standards is constraining the application of new technologies. Departments such as ecology and environment, forestry and grassland, and agriculture and rural affairs have each built their own monitoring systems, with inconsistent monitoring standards and methods and a lack of data sharing and integration mechanisms, making it difficult to support cross-regional, cross-scale comprehensive ecosystem assessment and systematic analysis.
The level of intelligence still needs to be improved. The existing monitoring network has a relatively low level of intelligence, lacks gridded baseline survey data, and has low levels of informatization and data update frequency. Compared with real-time monitoring and automated analysis of water, air, and soil elements, biodiversity monitoring methods remain relatively backward, and the level of digital intelligence needs to be improved. The accuracy of AI species identification is limited, and deep learning algorithms and model generalization capabilities are weak, making them unable to adapt to complex field scenarios in forests and grasslands.
Scientific and technological investment and professional talent are insufficient. Investment in scientific and technological innovation in the ecological environment field is insufficient, with problems such as relatively single channels, insufficient long-term stable support, and inadequate participation of financial and social capital, directly constraining technological innovation and equipment upgrading for biodiversity conservation. Young scientific and technological talents and strategic scientists capable of applying new technologies and achieving interdisciplinary integration are extremely scarce, basic disciplines such as taxonomy face development bottlenecks, and domestic training of relevant talent is shrinking.
Future Development Directions
Strengthen research on basic theories and key technologies. In the field of basic research, for areas with weak research such as border lines and glacier valleys, intensify survey and monitoring efforts to fill data gaps. Strengthen research on core scientific questions such as the mechanisms endangering threatened species, the causes of biodiversity decline risks, the mechanisms of marine ecological degradation, and the mechanisms of ecological restoration processes. Strengthen research on the impacts of and adaptation to biodiversity under climate change, and carry out systematic research on the role of species evolutionary adaptation and dispersal capacity in species survival under climate change, the synergistic effects of habitat fragmentation and climate change, and the reorganization patterns of interspecific interactions (such as predation, competition, and symbiosis). In the field of key technologies, develop coordinated conservation and restoration technologies for biodiversity in key regions and achieve breakthroughs in efficient prevention and control technologies for invasive species and pest organisms.
Accelerate the construction of an integrated "sky-ground-sea" intelligent monitoring network. Make monitoring scope comprehensive by building monitoring stations in distribution areas of rare and endangered species, important habitats, and key sea areas to increase monitoring coverage. Make monitoring methods three-dimensional by constructing a holographic perception network integrating space-based satellites, air-based drones, ground-based robots, and water-area monitoring equipment, breaking the limitations of traditional monitoring. Make monitoring dimensions diversified by expanding from single visual monitoring to the capture of multi-dimensional features such as sound, behavior, and activity, establishing all-weather data. Make data analysis intelligent by leveraging technologies such as big data, deep learning algorithms, and intelligent agents to integrate, process, and systematically analyze existing data, achieving scientific and precise decision-making.
Establish a unified standards system and a cross-departmental data sharing mechanism. At the standards level, accelerate the formulation of national standards for new technologies such as environmental DNA and AI species identification, and unify whole-process specifications for sample collection, data comparison, and accuracy verification. At the mechanism level, promote coordination and sharing among departmental monitoring systems and formulate unified data specifications and sharing rules. Relying on the national ecological protection red line supervision platform, integrate multi-source data such as ecological remote sensing data, biodiversity surveys, and human activities to build a comprehensive biodiversity monitoring and assessment database and update it dynamically.
Accelerate the deep integration of artificial intelligence with biodiversity conservation. Fully apply technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data to continuously improve the efficiency and accuracy of field monitoring, data collection, species identification, and dynamic assessment. Promote intelligent monitoring by building a "cloud-edge-device" collaborative intelligent monitoring system, with front-end devices embedding AI algorithms for automatic preliminary species screening and back-end models achieving precise identification; promote intelligent supervision by advancing the iterative upgrading of the national ecological protection and restoration supervision platform and building an intelligent agent for ecological protection and restoration supervision; promote intelligent early warning by leveraging technologies such as digital twins to build virtual mapping platforms and achieve intelligent early warning of ecological risks.
Improve the diversified science and technology investment mechanism and build a high-level talent team. Broaden channels for science and technology funding and guide financial and social capital to participate. Encourage and support scientific and technological research and development in the field of biodiversity, organize joint research on key technical difficulties, and develop a batch of original and leading technologies. Establish and improve the disciplinary setup in the field of biodiversity, strengthen the training of interdisciplinary talent, and cultivate a batch of composite talents who understand both ecological protection and information technology. For basic disciplines facing shrinkage such as insect taxonomy, provide special support and improve the talent echelon training mechanism.
(The author is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and president of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.)
Return to TopBy: 邓琳 刘璨
China's collective forest areas account for more than 60 percent of the country's total forest land area, covering a vast number of county-level regions and villages, and possess the multiple attributes of ecological safeguards, industrial carrying capacity, and livelihood well-being. The outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan proposes advancing rural revitalization in a classified, orderly, and sub-regional (pianquhua) manner. Cluster-based group development (pianquhua zutuan fazhan), as a higher-order form of sub-regional development, can establish cross-regional, cross-industry collaborative governance mechanisms and remedy the shortcomings in governance efficiency of purely sub-regional management. In recent years, Zhejiang, Fujian, Henan, Sichuan and other localities have carried out trials of cluster-based group development, breaking the fragmented situation of acting in isolation without cooperation (单打独斗, dan da du dou - "single, hit, fight, fight") and achieving a scale effect of "1+1>2," with phased results attained. On this basis, actively exploring cluster-based group development in collective forest areas can effectively resolve the difficulties of fragmented forestry management and insufficient scale, help coordinate ecological security, thriving industries, and common prosperity for farmers, further promote high-quality development in collective forest areas, and empower the building of a Beautiful China.
Favorable Conditions and Unfavorable Factors
Cluster-based group development, by breaking through administrative and operational unit boundaries and integrating multiple forest land units that are geographically adjacent and complementary in resources for unified operation, represents a further deepening of the concept and practice of cluster-based group development. At present, exploring cluster-based group development in collective forest areas enjoys the following favorable conditions.
First, the contiguous consolidation of forest areas is advancing in an orderly manner, and the dividends of an appropriately scaled management framework have yet to be fully released. National ten-thousand-mu-level operational sub-regions continue to expand, and new-type collective forest farms and cross-village forestry cooperatives cover key forest areas; forest land trusteeship and shareholding scales have grown year by year, low-efficiency idle forest land has been centrally revitalized, and output per unit of forest land has steadily increased. Reform vehicles such as forest tickets and forest land income right certificates have been implemented, and the degree of standardization of the entire process of forest rights transfer, value assessment, and contract filing has continuously improved.
Second, ecological protection and the forestry industry empower each other in both directions, and the long-term potential for transforming ecological product value is gathering strength and waiting for the opportunity to act (蓄势待发, xu shi dai fa - "accumulate, momentum, wait, depart"). Unified sub-regional management and protection has achieved comprehensive and systematic forest governance, with forest coverage and standing timber volume steadily increasing, and the capacity to prevent and control fire incidents, pests and diseases, and soil erosion significantly enhanced. Standardized and scaled bases for under-forest Chinese medicinal materials, edible fungi, oil-tea camellia, and the bamboo industry have been established, pilot programs for forestry carbon sink sub-regions have been fully rolled out across the board, and market-based mechanisms such as ecological compensation, ecological product subscription, and carbon sink pledge financing have been implemented, forming a development pattern of unified management and protection, ecological value appreciation, and increased income for forest farmers.
Third, notable results have been achieved in enriching the people and revitalizing villages, and the steady growth and expansion of the new-type rural collective economy has broadened development space. Forestry cooperatives, as sub-regional operational entities, have built a pattern of collaborative co-governance among village collectives, farmers, and operational entities. The income structure of forest farmers has completely shed its sole reliance on timber harvesting, now layered with multiple green income streams from land rent, share dividends, nearby employment, and carbon sink revenue sharing, and the proportion of forestry income in the income of farmers in mountainous areas has steadily increased.
Fourth, supporting institutions and the socialized service system are gradually improving, and the support and safeguards for cluster-based group development are maturing day by day. Special support policies for sub-regional forestry operations have been issued one after another, green financial products such as forest rights mortgages, forestry insurance, and carbon sink guarantees have been continuously enriched, and grassroots forestry stations and professional service organizations have been deployed to the front line, providing full-process professional services such as seedling cultivation, forest land tending, and harvesting planning, with notable effects in improving quality and efficiency.
At the same time, unfavorable factors still exist in the cluster-based group development of collective forest areas. For example, cross-regional forest rights governance policies are not yet clear, and historical legacy issues in forest rights constrain contiguous development; some localities rely on administrative means to forcibly transfer forest land, infringing on the rights and interests of forest farmers and weakening the credibility of reform; the quality of new-type operational entities is not high, with shortages of professional management, market operations, brand marketing, carbon sink talent, and industrial funds; smart forestry monitoring coverage is insufficient, green technology transformation is slow, the industrial chain is too short, product added value is low, and high-value-added business forms and technology applications such as carbon sinks and forest health and wellness lag behind.
Optimization Paths and Measures
During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, centering on the requirements of comprehensive rural revitalization and green low-carbon transformation, we will continuously explore cluster-based group development in collective forest areas from such aspects as property rights integration and industrial cultivation, and promote high-quality development in collective forest areas.
First, clarify the strategy, goals, paths, and safeguard mechanisms for cluster-based group development. In accordance with the requirements of ecological civilization construction, the building of a Beautiful China, and the outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan, we will continuously deepen the experience of cluster-based group development in rural operations such as the Thousand-Village Demonstration and Ten-Thousand-Village Improvement Project (千万工程) in the development of collective forest areas, enabling the vast number of villages to achieve the goal of "beautiful ecology, prosperous people" on a larger scale and with greater efficiency in ecological governance.
Second, further improve the governance system. Promote the model of party branches leading forestry cooperatives and township-level common-prosperity forest farms, build a governance framework of council operation, supervisory board oversight, and villager deliberation, and establish a linkage mechanism of "party organization + cooperative + operational entity + farmer households," fully safeguarding the rights and interests of forest farmers to be informed, to participate, and to supervise. Cultivate and regulate new-type forestry operational entities, implement a long-term mechanism for diversified distribution of guaranteed floor rents, share dividends, labor remuneration, and ecological income, and strictly regulate the access management for industrial and commercial capital entering mountainous areas.
Third, based on the requirements of natural resource management and protection, deepen cross-regional collaborative governance in collective forest areas. Break down barriers to fragmented ecological governance, adapt to the long-term high-quality development needs of forestry, and systematically resolve historical legacy problems in forest rights ownership. Establish cross-regional electronic ledgers for forest rights, innovate mechanisms for rights confirmation and trusteeship, respect the voluntary will of forest farmers, safeguard the property rights and interests of the people, and put an end to forced consolidation of forest land. Improve the market-based service system for forest rights transfer and purchase-storage, standardize the processes of forest land assessment, contract filing, and equity registration, and promote tools such as forest ecological banks, forest tickets, and carbon sink right certificates, transforming scattered forest rights into standardized assets that can be transferred, mortgaged, and yield dividends. Coordinate differentiated forestry operation sub-regions, promote the model of state-owned forest farms linking with village collectives for joint construction, and coordinate the protection of public welfare forests with the industrial development of commercial forests.
Fourth, build a full-chain green forest and grass industry system and enhance the capacity for ecological value transformation in sub-regions. Build "forest food granary" characteristic bases in a standardized manner, strictly adhere to the ecological protection red line for under-forest development, control the scale of planting and breeding, hold the bottom line of forest carrying capacity, and develop the forestry carbon sink industry on a large scale. Create a differentiated industrial layout of "one dominant industry per region, one specialty per sub-region" to avoid low-end homogeneous competition. Develop under-forest compound operations in light of local conditions, and promote the models of forest-medicine, forest-fungus, forest-poultry, and forest-bee; simultaneously develop forest health and wellness and ecotourism, creating an integrated business form of "forest trails + nature education + wellness experiences," and forming a year-round, all-region forest tourism system of "appreciating flowers in spring, escaping the heat in summer, viewing foliage in autumn, and nurturing the mind in winter." Cultivate the forestry carbon sink trading industry, innovate carbon sink finance and carbon sink insurance models, and build a sustainable circular mechanism of ecological protection, value appreciation, and income feedback.
Fifth, strengthen the empowerment of science and technology and improve the socialized service network for sub-regional forestry. Accelerate the digital transformation of forestry sub-regions, achieve full coverage of remote sensing monitoring and drone patrols in key collective forest areas, and build a sub-regional digital dynamic management platform integrating resource ledgers, fire and disaster early warning, ecological disturbance, carbon sink accounting, and industrial income accounting. Build sub-regional forestry socialized service centers well, and comprehensively enhance the intelligent and standardized capacity of forestry management and protection. Accelerate the implementation and transformation of fine forest tree varieties and green low-carbon forestry technologies, and continuously improve the ecological and economic benefits per unit area of forest land.
Sixth, coordinate supporting policy arrangements and strengthen long-term development safeguards. Coordinate special subsidies for forest tending, ecological restoration, under-forest industries, and rural revitalization, and improve the efficiency of intensive use of fiscal funds. Improve supporting laws and regulations, refine implementation rules, and promote the smooth operation of cluster-based group development on the track of the rule of law. Establish an effectiveness evaluation system for sub-regional operational group units and groups, incorporate forest quality improvement, increased income for forest farmers, and biodiversity protection into core assessment indicators, and provide institutional safeguards for high-quality development in collective forest areas.
Return to TopBy: 付朝霞
Ecological security is an important component of national security and an important safeguard for sustained and healthy economic and social development. At present, the hidden risks of ecological and environmental hazards in our country remain relatively prominent, and the traditional environmental governance model suffers from problems such as fragmented monitoring, lagging analysis and judgment, and dispersed handling, making it difficult to meet the requirements of the current systematic and composite ecological risk prevention. Therefore, accelerating the establishment of a modernized ecological and environmental monitoring system, strengthening intelligent monitoring, analysis and judgment, and prevention and control of ecological security, and consolidating the foundation of "intelligent prevention" (智防) for ecological security are urgent tasks and key measures for enhancing ecological and environmental governance capacity and consolidating the national ecological security defense line.
First, build a three-dimensional intelligent monitoring network with hierarchical classification and full-domain coverage. This is the prerequisite for opening up the sensory nerves of the ecological security "intelligent prevention" system, and requires systematic restructuring in terms of spatial scale, technical means, and layout.
First, taking the overall layout of the national "three zones and four belts" (三区四带) ecological security barrier and the ecological protection red line of approximately 3.19 million square kilometers as key targets, comprehensively apply technical means such as high-resolution remote sensing satellites, long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles, and aerial remote sensing to build an integrated "space-air-ground" remote sensing monitoring network. Conduct large-scale, periodic dynamic monitoring on a regular basis (such as quarterly or monthly) of vegetation coverage, ecosystem types and quality, surface temperature, soil erosion conditions, and human activity disturbance in nature reserves in key areas, completely eliminating blind spots in remote areas, deep mountains and dense forests where traditional monitoring means are difficult to cover, and achieving macro-level control over the national ecological security baseline and change trends.
Second, for important river basins such as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, key urban agglomerations such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as well as typical ecosystems such as plateaus, grasslands, and offshore areas, intensify the deployment of ground automatic monitoring stations, ecological observation stations, and automatic water quality and quantity monitoring stations. In particular, deploy underwater sensors, shore-based video surveillance, and cruise monitoring equipment at inter-provincial and inter-city boundary sections, important drinking water source areas, ecologically fragile zones, and key biodiversity areas, to achieve real-time, continuous, and three-dimensional monitoring of multiple elements such as hydrology, water quality, biodiversity, shoreline changes, and sewage outlets entering rivers (lakes, seas). In particular, for high ecological and environmental risk points such as chemical industrial parks, tailings ponds, hazardous waste disposal sites, key areas for heavy metal pollution prevention and control, areas along oil and gas pipeline routes, and areas surrounding nuclear facilities, deploy high-density, intelligent IoT monitoring terminals to achieve minute-level sampling and early warning for risks such as heavy metal leakage into soil and escape of toxic and harmful gases, controlling risks in their infancy.
Second, establish a multi-source integrated, intelligent and precise ecological security risk analysis and judgment mechanism. First, build a unified and authoritative ecological security big data platform. Establishing an intelligent analysis and judgment mechanism for multi-source data integration is the core of enhancing the risk identification and early warning accuracy of the "intelligent prevention" system. Strong data fusion and intelligent analysis capabilities depend on the release of the value of massive monitoring data. Further integrate data resources from multiple departments including ecological environment, natural resources, water resources, agriculture and rural affairs, meteorology, forestry and grassland, emergency management, and transportation, breaking through data silos (打通数据孤岛, dǎ tōng shù jù gū dǎo - "strike through, data, isolated island"), and build a national ecological security big data platform.
Second, develop intelligent analysis and judgment models for ecological security risks and improve the normalized consultation work system. According to different types of ecological risks, relying on the big data platform, apply artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, and large language models to develop specialized and intelligent analysis and judgment models. For systemic ecological risks, build ecosystem health assessment models, vegetation monitoring and assessment models, biodiversity assessment models, and resource and environmental carrying capacity models, and through correlating multi-dimensional data such as meteorology, hydrology, land use, and human activities, conduct comprehensive assessment and early warning of trend-based and slow-onset risks such as regional ecosystem degradation and decline in ecological service functions. For new and unknown risks, establish new pollutant screening and source tracing models, invasive alien species spread prediction models, and genetic risk assessment models, use artificial intelligence image recognition technology to automatically identify invasive alien species, use mass spectrometry intelligent analysis technology to rapidly screen new pollutants, and enhance the ability to discover and respond to new ecological and environmental risks. At the same time, improve the normalized consultation system of "weekly scheduling, monthly analysis and judgment, quarterly assessment," with intelligent systems assisting in compiling ecological security risk analysis and judgment reports, automatically marking risk levels for budding and tendency problems, and pushing them to the corresponding territorial regulatory departments, achieving closed-loop management of "early detection, early warning, early handling" at the technical level.
Finally, improve the monitoring, early warning, and response system with peacetime-emergency linkage and efficient coordination. First, establish an ecological security early warning system with "peacetime-emergency linkage." The ultimate purpose of monitoring and analysis and judgment is to effectively prevent and resolve risks. In daily control scenarios, it is necessary to open up the data link between the intelligent monitoring and early warning system and the ecological environment law enforcement system, establish a linkage mechanism that is connected from top to bottom and responds quickly, with early warning information after compliance verification automatically triggering verification work orders and dispatching them to frontline law enforcement personnel, and mobile law enforcement terminals transmitting on-site verification results in real time, achieving a full-process online closed loop of "monitoring-analysis and judgment-handling-feedback."
Second, strengthen emergency decision support based on digital twins. For major and above sudden environmental incidents or scenarios with major risks, relying on digital twin technology, rapidly build high-precision three-dimensional virtual models of the incident site and surrounding areas, dynamically connect real-time monitoring data, pollutant characteristics, meteorological and hydrological conditions, emergency resource distribution (rescue teams, material warehouses, hospitals, shelters, etc.), and sensitive protection targets (schools, residential areas, water source areas, etc.) into the twin model. Through simulation and deduction, visually display pollution diffusion trends, evolution of impact scope, and expected effects of different handling plans, provide command departments with a visualized "decision sandbox," and achieve scientific, precise, and efficient emergency response.
Third, deepen cross-departmental and cross-regional coordinated linkage mechanisms. Ecological security risks often have cross-basin, cross-regional, and cross-domain characteristics. It is necessary to rely on the unified data foundation and coordination platform provided by the "intelligent prevention" system to further improve cross-departmental and cross-regional emergency linkage mechanisms. Clarify the responsibilities and coordination processes of departments such as meteorology, water resources, natural resources, emergency management, transportation, and public security in ecological security risk prevention, establish mechanisms for information sharing, joint monitoring, linked early warning, and coordinated handling among upstream and downstream, left and right banks, and main stream and tributary regions, regularly carry out cross-regional and cross-departmental emergency drills, test and improve coordination processes, and enhance the practical capability of joint prevention and joint control.
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