Study Times - October 23, 2026

Important Remarks

The history of the Long March has never receded into the past, and the road of the Long March continues to extend ever forward. In the 90 years since the victory of the Long March, the Party has united and led the people in carrying out one great Long March after another across the various historical periods of revolution, construction, and reform, seizing one great victory after another. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered the new era. Through the joint efforts of the entire Party, the entire military, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, the First Centenary Goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects has been achieved on schedule, and the cause of the Party and the state has achieved historic accomplishments and undergone historic transformations. We are now on the new journey, committed to building a great modern socialist country in all respects and realizing the Second Centenary Goal, and to comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization.

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Carry Forward the Great Long March Spirit and Embark on the New Long March

By: 中央党校（国家行政学院）中共党史教研部

This year marks the 90th anniversary of the victory of the Long March of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. From October 1934 to October 1936, the Red Army officers and soldiers led by the Communist Party of China, with astonishing perseverance and courage, broke through the encirclement, pursuit, blocking, and interception of the Kuomintang army, overcame countless difficulties and dangers, wrote the magnificent epic of "The Red Army fears not the trials of the distant march; a thousand mountains and ten thousand rivers are treated as nothing," and achieved the great victory of the Long March. The center of gravity of the Chinese revolution shifted from south to north, opening a new pattern and turning a new page. The Long March of the Red Army, with its long duration, vast distance, and brutal fighting, is extremely rare in human history. It left an extremely precious legacy and forged the great Long March spirit. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "The great Long March spirit is the spirit of placing the fundamental interests of the people of the whole country and the Chinese nation above everything else, firmly upholding revolutionary ideals and convictions, and firmly believing that the just cause is bound to triumph; it is the spirit of fearing no difficulties or obstacles and sparing no sacrifice in order to save the country and the people; it is the spirit of upholding independence and self-reliance, seeking truth from facts, and proceeding from reality in everything; it is the spirit of taking the overall situation into account, strictly observing discipline, and maintaining close unity; it is the spirit of closely relying on the masses of the people, sharing life and death with them, sharing weal and woe, and working hard."

The great Long March spirit forged through the baptism of blood and fire has greatly enriched the connotation of the spirit of the Chinese nation, nourishing and inspiring generation after generation to devote themselves to the great practice of China's revolution, construction, reform, and the new era. "As an important component of the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists, it transcends time and space, remaining fresh after a long time (历久弥新, li jiu mi xin - "long time, still, new"), and will forever be a precious treasure and powerful driving force inspiring us to overcome difficulties and advance courageously." At present, uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country, realize the Second Centenary Goal, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization has become the central task of the Communist Party of China. This is another new great Long March. To walk the new era's Long March road well, it is necessary to carry forward and promote the great Long March spirit, better promote the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics to cut through brambles and thorns and ride the waves forward, and create new achievements worthy of the times and the people.

Place the fundamental interests of the people of the whole country and the Chinese nation above everything else, firmly uphold revolutionary ideals and convictions, and firmly believe that the just cause is bound to triumph

The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, and at the same time the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, representing the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the Chinese people. The fundamental nature of the Communist Party of China determines that at all times and in all work, the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation must be placed above everything else. After the September 18 Incident in 1931, when the enemy's aggression was deep and the peril was urgent, the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek government stubbornly implemented the reactionary policy of "first pacify the interior, then resist foreign aggression," adopting a policy of non-resistance toward the aggression of Japanese imperialism, and the Chinese nation faced a grave crisis of national subjugation and genocide. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the brave Red Army officers and soldiers broke through the Kuomintang's blockade and "encirclement and suppression" and fought across ten thousand li, fundamentally in order to save the country and the people and to seek a path of survival for the deeply suffering Chinese people and the Chinese nation. During the Long March, the various Red Army units coordinated strategically and cooperated closely in campaigns. They deeply understood that their struggle was not for the private interests of a few, but for the liberation of hundreds of millions of toiling masses and the independence of the entire nation. Common ideals and convictions made the Party and the Red Army a unified fighting collective that, under extremely difficult conditions, always maintained strong cohesion, a high degree of discipline, and vigorous combat effectiveness.

Ideals and convictions are the political soul of Chinese Communists, the "calcium" of the spirit, and also the most distinctive foundation of the great Long March spirit. The fundamental reason the Long March is called "a great expedition of ideals and convictions" is that the Red Army officers and soldiers had faith in their hearts and strength under their feet. This faith came both from a profound insight into the laws of social development and from an accurate grasp of modern China's national conditions and revolutionary tasks. Once the fire of ideals and convictions is ignited, it never goes out. It was precisely by relying on firm convictions and strong will that the Party and the Red Army were reborn time and again from desperate situations, growing stronger through setbacks, and ultimately creating incredible miracles. In the Battle of the Xiang River, the Red Army shattered the enemy's attempt to encircle and annihilate them at tremendous cost, so much so that a local folk song spread: "For three years, do not drink the water of the Xiang River; for ten years, do not eat the fish of the Xiang River." This is precisely the deepest testimony of ideals and convictions in blood and fire. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Revolutionary ideals and revolutionary convictions can unleash infinite power to overcome stubborn enemies and shake mountains. A force with lofty ideals and firm convictions is invincible." Without the support of ideals and convictions, there would have been no victory in the Long March. This is precisely the secret of the success of the Chinese revolution.

The firmness of ideals and convictions also stems from the justice of the cause. The fundamental reason the Long March could move from desperation to victory is that what Chinese Communists were engaged in was the just cause of striving for national independence and the liberation of the people. A just cause can withstand the test of history and the people. From the banner of "marching north to resist Japan" on the Long March road to the original aspiration of the new era to "seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation," generations of Chinese Communists have continued the struggle, pointing the way and laying the foundation for the liberation of the people and the rejuvenation of the nation, and handing in qualified answer sheets one after another. Since the beginning of the new era, the Party has led the people to face difficulties head-on, stand on their own feet and strive for self-improvement, realize the First Centenary Goal on schedule, coordinate the advancement of the "Four-Pronged Comprehensive" strategic layout, actively respond to "changes unseen in a century," and firmly grasp the initiative in national development and national rejuvenation in their own hands. Mao Zedong pointed out: "Our cause is just. A just cause is one that no enemy can break through." The reason the Red Army could advance dauntlessly amid encirclement, pursuit, blocking, and interception back then, and the reason the Chinese people can forge ahead steadily amid stormy waves today, is precisely this firm conviction in the just cause. It is both the inexhaustible source of power of the great Long March spirit and the fundamental support for generation after generation of Chinese Communists to overcome difficulties and continue the struggle.

Fear no difficulties or obstacles, and spare no sacrifice, in order to save the country and the people

On the long road of the Long March, the Red Army officers and soldiers fought more than 600 battles with the enemy, crossed nearly a hundred rivers, climbed more than 40 high mountains and perilous peaks, of which more than 20 were snow-capped mountains above 4,000 meters above sea level, traversed vast grasslands, and conquered the limits of human survival with tenacious will, producing a series of heroic and moving deeds of "daring to sacrifice, with great aspirations, daring to make the sun and moon shine in a new sky." In the Battle of the Xiang River, Chen Shuxiang, commander of the 34th Division of the Red Army, was wounded and captured, and broke his intestines to make clear his resolve; the "Seventeen Heroes of the Dadu River" and the "Twenty-two Heroes of Luding Bridge" stepped forward at the moment of crisis to open the way forward; He Long and Ren Bishi commanded the Second and Sixth Army Groups of the Red Army to wage a war of maneuver against an enemy several times their number in the Wumeng Mountain area, repeatedly defeating strong enemies in deep mountains and gorges. On the 25,000-li journey of the First Front Army of the Red Army, on average one Red Army soldier sacrificed his life every 300 meters. It can be said that the road of the Long March was paved with the blood and lives of countless Red Army soldiers. These numbers and names are not only records of history, but also spiritual monuments, jointly answering the same question: What kind of force could enable a ragged, poorly equipped force to advance dauntlessly in desperate situations?

The answer is written in the unswerving convictions of the Red Army officers and soldiers, in their wisdom in accurately judging the strategic direction, and in their determination to overcome all difficulties and obstacles. "The strong pass is truly like iron, yet today we cross it from the start." True revolutionary optimism originates precisely from this. The Red Army forged courage and wisdom in the Long March, and Chinese Communists tempered Party spirit and will in the Long March. From setting out on the expedition to the victorious rendezvous, the three main forces of the Red Army were reduced from nearly 200,000 men to 50,000 or 60,000. Together with the Red Army units that remained behind in the revolutionary base areas and persisted in guerrilla warfare, they were all the backbone and elite who had stood the test. In the arduous and extraordinary Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the people's armed forces led by the Communist Party of China grew and developed behind enemy lines and became the mainstay of the War of Resistance, which was inseparable from the tempering of the Long March. Countless revolutionary martyrs, with their blood and lives, have made us remember that the red political power was hard-won, that New China was hard-won, and that socialism with Chinese characteristics was hard-won. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The lofty spirit of the Red Army officers and soldiers in facing death as if returning home, seeking life from death, advancing dauntlessly, and daring to overwhelm all difficulties without being overwhelmed by any difficulty, is forever worthy of our remembrance and promotion."

On the Long March road of the new era, there are still many "snowy mountains" and "grasslands" for us to cross, and many "Loushan Passes" and "Lazikou Passes" to conquer. Responding to changes unseen in a century in the world requires mastering the skills of struggle; reform and innovation require opening up positions in the deep-water zone; full and rigorous self-governance of the Party requires the courage to turn the blade inward. All thoughts of seeking ease and comfort and being unwilling to continue working hard are unacceptable, and all thoughts of being arrogant and complacent and unwilling to continue pioneering and advancing are unacceptable. "Is it hard? Think of the Red Army's 25,000 li." In the face of external suppression and containment, and in the face of deep-seated contradictions and problems in economic and social development, we need to vigorously promote the great Long March spirit, step forward, face difficulties head-on, and dare to struggle and be good at struggling. The inheritance of the spirit is inseparable from the remembrance of heroes. "A nation with hope cannot be without heroes, and a country with a future cannot be without pioneers." We must learn from the heroic deeds of the Red Army's Long March, constantly replenish the calcium of the spirit, and transform the spirit of fearing no hardship or sacrifice into concrete actions for walking the new era's Long March road well. Back then, the Red Army paved the road to victory with flesh and blood; today, we must, with the same courage and responsibility, continue to write the Long March chapter belonging to this generation under new historical conditions.

Uphold independence and self-reliance, seek truth from facts, and proceed from reality in everything

Upholding independence and self-reliance is an excellent political character tempered by Chinese Communists in the arduous and extraordinary struggle of the Long March. In a certain period after the founding of the Party, it was subject to the guidance and constraints of the Comintern on major decisions and found it difficult to independently explore the path of the Chinese revolution. The Comintern made contributions to the Chinese revolution; this is an indisputable fact. But the Comintern was tens of thousands of li away from China, communication was inconvenient, and it could not rapidly provide effective guidance on the rapidly changing revolutionary situation in China. Coupled with its estrangement from China's national conditions, it also committed many serious errors in guiding the Chinese revolution, especially in promoting the formation within the Chinese Communist Party of the erroneous leadership of "Left" dogmatism represented by Wang Ming, which directly led to the failure of the Fifth Counter-Encirclment and Suppression Campaign in the Central Revolutionary Base Area. During the Long March, the Chinese Communist Party's communications with the Comintern were interrupted, and it could only rely on its own strength to solve the problems it faced. In the practice of dealing with complex situations, Chinese Communists thought independently, judged independently, and made decisions independently, entering a new stage of independently exploring the revolutionary path.

Mao Zedong emphasized, "The victory of the Chinese revolutionary struggle depends on Chinese comrades understanding China's conditions." He also said, "If Chinese people do not understand China's conditions, how can that do? True understanding of independence and self-reliance began with the Zunyi Conference." The Zunyi Conference was the first successful practice in which Chinese Communists independently applied the basic principles of Marxism to solve the problems of the Chinese revolution, and it was also a key node in the Chinese Communist Party's political maturation. This conference, relying on the Party's own strength, ended the rule of "Left" dogmatism in the Central Committee and, at the most critical moment, saved the Party, saved the Red Army, and saved the Chinese revolution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "As an important meeting of great turning-point significance in the history of our Party, the Zunyi Conference left valuable experience and important enlightenment in combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific realities, adhering to the path of independence and self-reliance, firmly upholding the correct political line and policies and strategies, and building a strong and mature central leadership collective." One valuable experience and important enlightenment left by the Zunyi Conference is that whenever we seek truth from facts, the cause will develop and triumph; whenever we deviate from seeking truth from facts, the cause will suffer setbacks and fail.

Dogmatists treated Marxism as an immutable dogma, worshipped the instructions of the Comintern as divine, ignored the actual conditions of the Chinese revolution and the objective comparison of strength between the enemy and ourselves, and implemented an adventurist military line, leading to the military failure of the counter-encirclment and suppression campaigns. The painful lessons served as a wake-up call, and Chinese Communists gradually established seeking truth from facts as the fundamental method of thinking for understanding and transforming the world. Understanding problems must proceed from reality rather than from books; formulating policies must proceed from actual needs rather than from subjective wishes; testing work must proceed from actual results rather than from the requirements of the situation — these are the fundamental principles of seeking truth from facts. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The road traversed by the Long March not only crossed thousands of mountains and rivers, but also crossed the erroneous ideological obstacle of treating Marxism as an immutable dogma. The fundamental experience and enlightenment the Long March gave us is to adhere to combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific realities and unswervingly follow the path of revolution, construction, and reform that suits China's national conditions." From the creation of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics to the creation of the path of Chinese modernization, it has all been proven that seeking truth from facts is the Party's fundamental ideological weapon for grasping the correct direction of progress, and this ideological treasure must never be discarded at any time.

Take the overall situation into account, strictly observe discipline, and maintain close unity

The fundamental reason the Red Army in the Long March could not be worn down or scattered is that it had a strong organization and iron discipline, was able to proactively consider local actions from the height of the overall strategy, and transform unified will into unified action. Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "With common ideals, there is iron discipline. Whether in the past, present, or future, this is our true advantage." Without this great unity in ideology and politics, the victory of the Chinese revolution would have been impossible. And the political direction is precisely the overall issue concerning the Party's future and destiny and the rise and fall of the cause. During the Long March, the Party and the Red Army successively encountered the military failure caused by the erroneous "Left" line and the serious crisis of Zhang Guotao's splittism, yet they did not disintegrate or collapse. The key lay in firmly upholding the correct political direction, adhering to the principle of democratic centralism, and in the breadth of mind of Chinese Communists in always maintaining close unity and taking the overall situation into account. After these two struggles against erroneous lines, the Party and the Red Army became ever more solid as steel, and the Party's political line became more mature. The most precious historical experience the Long March left us for consolidating unity within the Party is that the whole Party must unite as one to uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership. This is an overall situation of paramount importance.

The victory of the Long March was jointly created by the various Red Army units taking the overall situation into account and cooperating with each other. After the Central Red Army set out on the Long March, the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army proactively provided intelligence, launched the Jialing River Campaign to coordinate, and prepared supplies to welcome the Central Red Army before the rendezvous at Maogong; from the Chishui River to the Dadu River, the Central Red Army constantly used feints to confuse the enemy, and many units took great risks to contend with the enemy far from the main force; the 25th Army of the Red Army proactively opened the way, raised grain, and collected funds for the Central Red Army's entry into Shaanxi and Gansu; the Northward Anti-Japanese Advance Detachment pinned down the enemy in the core area of enemy rule; the Second and Sixth Army Groups of the Red Army, when isolated in the southwest, received combat support from the First Front Army of the Red Army... It was precisely because of this spirit of close unity that the Party and the Red Army, despite encountering serious crises, could still turn danger into safety, emerge from desperate situations, reunite, forge the organization even stronger, and open up a new situation for the Chinese revolution. To coordinate with and guarantee the central task of the main Red Army forces in completing the strategic shift, the units that remained in the Soviet areas to persist in guerrilla warfare, the Northwest Red Army, the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, Party organizations in Kuomintang-controlled areas, and all forces led by the Party all waged arduous and extraordinary struggles and made indelible contributions to the victory of the Long March. This is both the "grand historical perspective" for us to study the history of the Long March in the new era and a key teaching material for raising political positioning and cultivating the ability to grasp the "great affairs of the nation."

Today, we are carrying out a great struggle with many new historical characteristics, and we need to be prepared at all times to withstand major tests of high winds and rough waves, or even stormy seas. The closer we get to the goal of national rejuvenation, the more we must unswervingly uphold the Party's leadership, strengthen Party building, and carry forward the spirit of taking the overall situation into account, strictly observing discipline, and maintaining close unity. We must further strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," firm up the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Upholds," maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee in ideology, politics, and action, and implement the Party Central Committee's line, principles, policies, and major work deployments without compromise. Party members and leading cadres at all levels must correctly handle the relationship between the part and the whole, and between the individual and the organization. No matter which field, level, department, or unit they are in, they must submit to the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, and, like the Red Army officers and soldiers of that time, fight wherever the Party points. With the mighty force unleashed by unity of purpose and united struggle, we will continue to write new glory on the new journey.

Closely rely on the masses of the people, share life and death with them, share weal and woe, and work hard

"When the Red Army wins battles, the people are the mountain behind them." Closely relying on the masses of the people is the fundamental political stance and source of strength of Chinese Communists. The masses of the people are the creators of history and the decisive force driving social development. The victory of the Long March, fundamentally speaking, was the result of the support of the masses of the people. The Red Army strictly implemented the "Three Main Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention," did not take a single needle or thread from the masses, and committed no violations whatsoever wherever it went; it deeply carried out the agrarian revolution, overthrew local tyrants, divided the land, and enabled poor peasants to gain tangible benefits; it strictly implemented the Party's ethnic policies, respected the customs of ethnic minorities, and won the heartfelt support of the people of all ethnic groups. Precisely for this reason, wherever the Red Army went, the masses of the people sent grain and clothing, guided the way and delivered messages, sheltered the wounded, and enthusiastically joined the army. Without the strong support of the masses of the people, the Red Army could not have survived and developed in unfamiliar territory with scarce supplies; without the wholehearted love and support of the masses of the people, the Red Army could not have broken through the enemy's layers of blockades and pursuit.It can be said that every li of the Long March bears the footprints of the unity between the Party and the masses; every escape of the Red Army from danger carries the fine story of the deep bond between the army and the people.

True feelings are seen in the details. The Party and the Red Army always shared life and death and weal and woe with the masses of the people, reflected in every thread, every bowl of porridge, every word and deed. In November 1934, when the Central Red Army was resting in Shazhou Village, Rucheng County, Hunan, three female Red Army soldiers lodged in the home of villager Xu Jiexiu. When they parted, they decided to give their only marching quilt to Xu Jiexiu. Xu Jiexiu absolutely refused to accept it, so they took out scissors and cut the quilt in half. Xu Jiexiu said with emotion: "What is the Communist Party? The Communist Party is people who, even if they have only one quilt, will cut half of it and give it to the common people." The story of the "half quilt" vividly interprets the profound friendship between Chinese Communists and the masses of the people that transcends material things and reaches directly into the heart. Reviewing the deep bond between the army and the people in the Long March, we understand more deeply what General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Sharing wind and rain, being connected by blood, and sharing life and death with the people is the fundamental guarantee for the Chinese Communist Party and the Red Army to achieve victory in the Long March, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for us to overcome all difficulties and risks."

The spirit of closely relying on the masses of the people and sharing life and death and weal and woe with them, formed during the Long March, has become an important magic weapon for the Party to lead the revolution, construction, reform, and the great practice of the new era from victory to victory. The people are the greatest source of confidence for the Party in governing, and the mass line is the lifeline of the Party. Whenever the Party is closely linked to the masses of the people by flesh-and-blood ties, the Party's cause will flourish; whenever it is divorced from the masses, the Party's cause will suffer setbacks. On the new journey of the new era, we must adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, always maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses of the people, and take the people's aspiration for a better life as the goal of our struggle; listen to the people's voices, respond to the people's expectations, continuously solve the urgent, difficult, and anxious problems of the masses, and let the fruits of reform and development benefit all the people more and more fairly; carry forward the style of hard work, rely on the people to unite and struggle, and gather the mighty force to advance Chinese modernization. Back then, the Red Army relied on the people to complete the Long March of ten thousand li; today, we must, with the same childlike sincerity and posture of struggle, with the support and endorsement of hundreds of millions of people, hand in excellent answer sheets worthy of the times, worthy of the people, and worthy of history on the new road of the examination.

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Promote Tangible and Effective Organizational and Work Coverage of the Party in Emerging Fields

By: 褚松燕

The "Opinions on Strengthening Social Work in the New Era" issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council requires strengthening Party building in emerging fields and promoting the tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party. This fully reflects the high importance attached by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core to Party building work in emerging fields, marks the transition of Party building in emerging fields from strategic deployment to a new stage of policy implementation, highlights the role of this work in consolidating foundations and strengthening fundamentals in the process of Chinese modernization, clarifies the Party's action orientation of improving the social governance system, organizing society, mobilizing society, and uniting society to provide strong support for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation, and opens up a brand-new work pattern for Party building in emerging fields.

Tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party is the foundational work of Party building in emerging fields

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, with the accelerated evolution of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, China's economic structure has undergone profound reshaping, a large number of new economic organizations and new social organizations have emerged, and the scale of new employment groups has continued to expand. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly stated in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, "Strengthen Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups." The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee incorporated "exploring effective ways to strengthen Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups" into deepening the reform of the Party building system, and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee placed "strengthening Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups" within the framework of improving the social governance system. The "Opinions on Strengthening Social Work in the New Era" makes systematic arrangements for Party building in emerging fields from the perspective of promoting tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party. It can be seen that strengthening Party building in emerging fields is not only the Party's proactive response to the trends of the times and changes in social structure since the new era, but also a strategic measure for the Party to use Party building to improve the quality and effectiveness of national governance in the process of leading the people to advance Chinese modernization.

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that a rigorous organizational system is where the Party's strengths and power lie. Since its founding, the Party has organized Chinese society from the grassroots level in various historical periods through its own strong organization. Entering the new era, new business forms, new tracks, and new occupations continue to emerge, emerging fields have gathered a large number of business entities and social resources, and the ranks of practitioners are growing day by day, providing an important position for our Party to extend new organizational networks and consolidate the Party's mass foundation. In this sense, promoting organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party in emerging fields is an important part of strengthening the Party's organizational system construction, ensuring that the Party forms a complete and sound grassroots organizational network adapted to the characteristics of emerging fields that change quickly, flow quickly, and differentiate quickly, ensuring that Party members move in an orderly manner and play their roles within the widely covered grassroots organizational network, thereby guaranteeing the implementation and effectiveness of the Party's organizational line in the new era.

In the national governance system, our Party occupies the leadership core position of commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties. To ensure the correct exercise and standardized operation of power and to improve the Party's governing capacity and leadership level, it is necessary to effectively achieve that wherever the cause of the Party and the state develops, Party building covers it. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core attaches great importance to Party building in emerging fields, incorporating every Party member in emerging fields into the Party's grassroots organizations, and effectively organizing emerging fields with each Party member as a basic point. This can consolidate the Party's governing foundation and continuously expand the Party's mass base while transforming the Party's political and organizational advantages into national governance effectiveness and the development advantages of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. On the new journey, solidly promoting tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party is directly related to consolidating and strengthening the foundation of our Party as the highest political leadership force, and directly related to the quality and substance of Chinese modernization.

Strengthening Party building in emerging fields faces new situations and new tasks

Since the new era, our Party has continuously strengthened Party building in emerging fields from various aspects such as institutions, mechanisms, and actions, and has achieved remarkable results. First, the organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party have continued to expand and extend, and the Party's organizational system in emerging fields has become increasingly rigorous. For example, according to data from the statistical bulletin of the Communist Party of China, as of December 31, 2025, there were 201,000 grassroots Party organizations in social organizations, basically achieving the goal of establishing organizations wherever they should be established. In 2025, the country deployed a concentrated campaign on "two coverages" in emerging fields, focusing on key enterprises, key industries, key regions, and key groups, and focused on solidifying the Party's organizational coverage and work coverage. Second, the ways of establishing Party organizations and working methods have become more diverse, and the role of Party members and Party organizations in emerging fields has been significantly enhanced. Combining the characteristics of emerging fields, on the basis of exploring forms of Party organization establishment such as independent establishment, regional joint establishment, and industry-wide unified establishment in light of local conditions, various localities have expanded precise, differentiated, flexible, and mobile Party building work scenarios such as "screen-to-screen" and "line-to-line," and launched forms such as "cloud Party building," "project Party building," and "industrial chain Party building" to extend the Party's organizational and work coverage. These innovative practices have on the one hand encouraged Party members in emerging fields to take the lead and set examples, and on the other hand enhanced the ability of grassroots Party organizations to precisely respond to practitioners' urgent concerns such as career development, livelihood security, and social integration, continuously rallying people's hearts and gathering strength in Party building work.

However, strengthening Party building in emerging fields on the existing basis, especially promoting tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage, still faces problems that urgently need to be explored and solved. First, the Party's organizational coverage and work coverage are basically tangible, but there are still weak links and shortcomings in coverage. In larger new economic organizations and new social organizations, organizational coverage and work coverage have basically formed a system, but a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises, platform franchisees, grassroots stations, and terminal outlets have relatively short average survival times. Especially after the rise of entrepreneurial models such as one-person companies (OPCs) with deep "individual + AI" collaboration, factors such as low Party member proportions, frequent mobility, and mobile office work have compounded, making it more difficult to establish Party organizations while coverage blind spots and gaps also change dynamically. Problems such as "pocket Party members," "invisible Party members," and grassroots organizations that "are established but quickly dissolve" still exist. Second, the effectiveness of the Party's organizational coverage and work coverage is not high, and quality needs improvement. In Party building in emerging fields, the problem of insufficient transformation from tangible coverage to effective coverage still exists. Some Party organizations have been established, but there are problems such as having organizations without activities, or having activities without results; some cross-industry and cross-subject joint Party branches have the problem of "joint but not integrated, integrated but not strong, unified but ineffective"; and some Party organizations have "two separate skins" between Party building and development, and the channels and methods for effectively exercising political and organizational functions have not yet effectively matched the needs of Party members and the demands of the masses in emerging fields. Party members' organizational life is difficult to carry out on a regular basis, and the roles of Party building in political leadership, serving development, and supervision and management have not been fully demonstrated.

The above two aspects of problems precisely reflect the difficulties of Party building in emerging fields. Behind these difficulties, from a macro perspective, is the impact of emerging fields on production, life, organization, and management methods; from a micro perspective, it is the challenge posed by the flexible, mobile, fluid, and decentralized employment forms of emerging fields to the traditional Party building model adapted to relatively static, unit-based, fixed, and centralized management systems and mechanisms. It is particularly noteworthy that a considerable proportion of practitioners in emerging fields are from the "post-90s" and "post-00s" generations. Party members in this age group pay more attention to individual experience and personality pursuits, value the joy of life and emotional value, and are more adaptable, autonomous, and creative in response to technological innovation and social change. This also brings broad space for proactive action to Party building work in emerging fields.

Promoting tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party in emerging fields through innovative measures

Party building in emerging fields is a foundational incremental systematic project involving many subjects, covering many industries, and spanning across industries and industrial chains. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the more complex the situation and the weaker the foundation, the more necessary it is to improve Party organizations and do Party work well, ensuring full coverage, consolidating the foundation, and preventing the "barrel effect." To strengthen Party building in emerging fields, it is necessary to fully implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, focus on organizational system construction, take promoting tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party as important work for consolidating the grassroots and strengthening the foundation, adhere to simultaneously addressing shortcomings and filling gaps while improving quality and strengthening functions, innovate the ways of establishing Party organizations, innovate working methods and activity methods, smooth the meridians and blood of the organizational system, and thereby organize Party members in emerging fields, gather talents, and organize the masses, continuously enhancing the Party's political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal in ideological guidance and cohesive services.

To simultaneously solve the tangible quantity of "whether it exists" and the effective quality of "whether it is strong" with a spirit of responsibility and innovative measures, it is first necessary to handle the four pairs of relationships involved in Party building in emerging fields. First, the relationship between commonality and individuality. Party building work in various types of organizations has commonality in content and tasks, but differences are allowed in the ways of implementing content and tasks. Party building in emerging fields needs to closely combine the industry characteristics of emerging fields and the characteristics of practitioners to explore and innovate working methods and activity methods, so as to achieve tangible coverage of Party building and effective coverage of its role. Second, the relationship between locality and workplace. Traditional Party building in the field establishes Party organizations and carries out activities through the combination of units and localities, but in emerging fields, some organizations' registered locations are inconsistent with where actual work is carried out, and some work is even carried out entirely on the internet. The workplace becomes mobile due to work, so the establishment of Party organizations and the carrying out of activities in emerging fields need to connect and link between organizational locality and dynamic workplace, finding the fit between the establishment methods and activity methods of Party organizations and the industry characteristics and practitioner characteristics of emerging fields. Third, the relationship between mobility and stability. Compared with traditional fields, Party members in emerging fields are more mobile, which requires solving the problem of the attribution of Party organizational relations and their dynamic and rapid connection, to ensure that Party members can participate in organizational life and play their roles regardless of their occupation or location. At present, the co-management model of "local management at the place of employment, overall management by industry systems, and daily management by platform enterprises" explored in some places has better solved the problem of tangible coverage of Party members in emerging fields due to the relative stability of Party organizational relations. It is still necessary to further improve the dynamic transfer mechanism of organizational relations and optimize the transfer process to solve the problem of Party member mobility, so that Party members in emerging fields always remain online in identity and organization during workplace and career transitions. Fourth, the relationship between offline and online. The traditional way of carrying out Party building work "face-to-face" in physical space in traditional fields is difficult to meet the needs of practitioners in emerging fields, and "screen-to-screen" online Party building closely connected with digital technology is increasingly becoming an important form of Party building in emerging fields. Although smart Party building platforms, online learning communities, and other "Party building at the fingertips" can adapt to the irregular work schedules and difficulty in concentrating of new employment groups through fragmented, virtualized, and scenario-based forms, the individualized and virtualized communication of "screen-to-screen" does not have the on-site advantage of "face-to-face" offline activities in cultivating organizational identity, cohesion, and discipline. It is still necessary to further explore effective paths for the organic combination of online and offline Party building.

Take investigation and research as the underlying logic of Party building in emerging fields, draw a map of the situation of Party building in emerging fields through meticulous dynamic investigation, and find strategies to solve the difficulties of Party building in emerging fields through comprehensive and in-depth research. First, form a basic data map supporting Party building in emerging fields through investigation. Combining the characteristics of scattered business forms, high personnel mobility, high industry linkage, and fragmented working hours in emerging fields, through rolling concrete investigations and profiling of Party members in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups, as well as their employment distribution, ideological dynamics, and work and life needs, dynamically grasp the baseline number of Party members, current status, and ideological dynamics, identify urgent concerns from the perspective of Party members, and thereby form a dynamically updated data pool. Second, through investigation and research, implement classified policies and innovate Party building methods and approaches. For example, establish identity markers for Party members in emerging fields that have both mobility and stability, provide time guarantees and allocate resources for these Party members to study and exchange at relatively stable stations, outlets, and buildings, enhance Party members' physical sense of belonging that there is "a place to go" for Party organizations, and at the same time combine digital Party building with meeting fragmented learning needs and enhancing group identity to strengthen the cohesion of Party building. Throughout the process, grasp, sort out, and promote typical practices, providing practical reference and consolidating the foundation for the normalization and standardization of full coverage and expansion of quality in Party building in emerging fields.

Further explore paths for organically combining Party building work in emerging fields with production and operation, innovation and entrepreneurship, social services, and rights protection, and effectively give play to the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members in emerging fields and the role of grassroots Party organizations as fighting fortresses. First, build a Party member service, education, and management system adapted to the employment characteristics of emerging fields. Improve the dynamic transfer mechanism of organizational relations, especially optimizing the online transfer process, achieve seamless connection between inflow and outflow areas, explore a mobile, real-time, and procedural management system, establish timely updated learning, education, and management files for Party members, so that Party member identity follows practitioners in real-time mobility while having clear recognizability, thereby making the role of Party members more compatible with the mobile and fluid characteristics of emerging fields. At the same time, improve the dynamic evaluation and incentive mechanism, include Party members' daily performance of duties, dedication to posts, service to the masses, industry demonstration, and learning and exchange in the scope of evaluation and incentives, and rely on learning and exchange projects in physical spaces such as mobile service stations, grassroots stations, and Party and mass service centers, as well as online learning content and scenario-based interactive tests on smart Party building platforms, to improve the level of Party member education and management. Second, adhere to the results orientation, promote in a classified manner the integration of Party building and development in different forms of organizations in emerging fields, and encourage the exploration of differentiated implementation mechanisms for common Party building content and tasks in different forms of organizations. On the one hand, emerging fields have differences in industry, scale, and organizational form, and tangible and effective Party organizational and work coverage necessarily requires classified promotion. For example, among new economic organizations, science and technology innovation enterprises include one-person companies, small and medium-sized enterprises, and large-scale enterprises. Large-scale enterprises can establish Party organizations independently to carry out activities, small and medium-sized enterprises can jointly establish Party organizations to carry out activities, and one-person companies can rely on parks, buildings, or street communities to jointly establish Party organizations to carry out activities. On the other hand, encourage the combination of Party building in emerging fields with development, with team building, with business improvement, with seeking advice and needs, and with care and concern, and give play to the Party's advantages in mass work and the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members. For tangible and effective Party organizational and work coverage in emerging fields, it is necessary to put political construction first, increase efforts to encourage and guide the deep integration of Party building and business, enable Party organizations in emerging fields to strengthen political leadership in the construction of friendly scenarios and good employment environments such as rights protection, skills training, and warm services, continuously enhance the sense of gain, happiness, and security of new employment groups, and open up a new situation in Party building work in emerging fields.

[The author is the Director of the United Front Work Teaching and Research Department of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance)]

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The "Examination" Is Always Underway

By: 本报评论员　毛强

In accordance with the decision of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Party, in order to adapt to the shift in the focus of the Party's work and to greet the birth of New China, the office location of the CPC Central Committee was to move from Xibaipo to the ancient capital Beiping, namely Beijing, after the plenary session. On the night before departure, Mao Zedong slept only four or five hours. He said excitedly to Zhou Enlai: "Today is the day we enter the capital; even without sleep, I am happy. Today we are entering the capital to 'sit for the examination.' If our spirits are not good, how can we go to the capital to 'sit for the examination'?" Zhou Enlai smiled and took up the topic, saying: "We should all be able to pass the examination and not be sent back." Mao Zedong said: "To be sent back would be failure. We absolutely must not become Li Zicheng; we all hope to achieve good results." This is the famous "conversation on sitting for the examination upon entering the capital" in the history of the Party.

The long river of history surges on without cease, and the examination papers of the times are constantly renewed. "Entering the capital to sit for the examination" was raised around such major historical subjects as what kind of New China to build and how to build it, and how to achieve comprehensive governance and govern well. At present, we are carrying out a great struggle with many new historical features; the Party bears a heavy historical responsibility and is undergoing the test of the times. Facing history and the future, General Secretary Xi Jinping, when presiding over a symposium in Xibaipo, once again raised the issue of "sitting for the examination": "The 'examination' is still continuing. All leading cadres and all Party members must continue to do well in the people's 'examination' of our Party and the 'examination' of the various tests our Party is undergoing and will undergo, and strive to hand in excellent answer sheets." For more than 70 years, from the self-examination of "entering the capital to sit for the examination" carried with the "two imperatives" to "the times are the ones who set the examination paper, we are the ones who answer it, and the people are the ones who grade it," the "examination" facing the Party is far from over. To respond to the changes in the "examination room" environment and the changes in the difficulty of the "examination," we must maintain the mentality of "sitting for the examination," carry forward the style of "sitting for the examination," actively accept the test of the people, and answer well the examination questions of the times.

"Entering the capital to sit for the examination" is a spirit, a pressure, and a driving force; it is the great responsibility and sacred mission of us Communists, and even more so the requirement of the times and the expectation of the people. The consistent theme running through the explorations and creations of our Party in various periods is to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and this is also the unchanging examination question on the road of sitting for the examination. The development of the times constantly injects new content into this examination question. Only by scientifically understanding, accurately grasping, and correctly answering the new examination questions can we adapt to the changes of the times, conform to the needs of the times, and respond to the questions of the times, continuously advancing the cause of the Party and the people. Party members and leading cadres should regard themselves as "examinees," take their posts as the "examination room," take the people as the "examiners," transform the sense of responsibility of "always being unable to rest assured" into the power of action of "having confidence in everything," proceed from the worst-case scenario, make the fullest preparations, strive toward the good direction, and fight for the best results.

The key to "sitting for the examination" lies in "sitting," requiring us to forever preserve the revolutionary spirit and revolutionary fighting will; the point of it lies in "the examination," requiring us to forge excellent abilities and fine conduct. From the "two imperatives" to the "three imperatives," from "entering the capital to sit for the examination" to "taking the new road of sitting for the examination," the political nature and fine conduct of being modest and prudent and working hard have always been a magic weapon for uniting people's hearts and overcoming difficulties, and a concrete manifestation of the advanced nature of Communist Party members. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "No matter when, we must not be being conceited and self-satisfied (骄傲自满, jiao ao zi man - "proud, arrogant, self, full"); the Party must not be conceited and self-satisfied, the state must not be conceited and self-satisfied, the leadership must not be conceited and self-satisfied, and the people must not be conceited and self-satisfied. Rather, we must strengthen our awareness of potential dangers, be being careful at the end and remembering ancestors (慎终追远, shen zhong zhui yuan - "cautious, end, pursue, distant"), and always maintain the style of hard work." Party members and leading cadres must never become arrogant because of victory, must never slacken because of achievements, and must never retreat because of difficulties. Rather, they must always maintain sobriety and calmness in thought, strengthen courage and perseverance in action, carry forward the hardworking style of "sitting for the examination," use the sense of urgency and crisis of being panicked by one's own incompetence to force oneself to improve one's abilities, dare to "respond to the examination" and be good at "responding to the examination," fulfill one's duties conscientiously in ordinary times, rush forward at critical moments, and step up in times of crisis, interpreting loyalty, integrity, and responsibility with concrete actions.

The "governance" of a huge number of complicated matters (千头万绪, qian tou wan xu - "thousand, head, ten thousand, thread") ultimately concerns the affairs of thousands of households; the "achievements" of all sorts of different forms and appearances (千形百态, qian xing bai tai - "thousand, shape, hundred, form, many, state") ultimately rest on the well-being of the people. The people not only entrust us with heavy responsibilities, but also test our actions. The Party's governing level and governing effectiveness are not determined by ourselves; they must and can only be judged and tested by the people, and ultimately it all depends on whether the people have truly received tangible benefits, whether the people's lives have truly improved, and whether the people's rights and interests have truly been safeguarded. Party members and leading cadres must be especially clear-headed and especially firm in their stance on the fundamental question of for whom to govern, for whom to exercise power, and for whom to seek benefits. Firmly establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, put the people's interests first, keep the people's expectations in mind, hand over the "right to grade" our work to the people, and consciously accept criticism and supervision with a modest and reverent attitude. Following the principle of respecting the people, relying on the people, and serving the people, adhere to asking the people about governance, asking the people about their needs, and asking the people for their advice, take the voices of the masses as the first signal, effectively solve the "real problems" that trouble the masses, and truly let the masses benefit and satisfy the masses.

The new journey is a new Long March. "Sitting for the examination" is forever on the road, and strict Party governance is also forever on the road. Party members and leading cadres must forever maintain the sobriety and firmness of "sitting for the examination," firmly grasp the central tasks of the Party on the new journey of the new era, strengthen confidence, continue the struggle, and strive to write a brand-new answer sheet worthy of the times and worthy of the people on the new road of sitting for the examination.

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This Issue's Guide

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The Exploration of Institution-Based Party Governance in the Early Years of the People's Republic of China

By: 张太原

In March 1949, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Party was convened at Xibaipo. Facing the imminent nationwide victory, Mao Zedong solemnly reminded the whole Party: "It is imperative that comrades continue to maintain the style of modesty, prudence, and freedom from arrogance and rashness; it is imperative that comrades continue to maintain the style of hard struggle." The "two imperatives" spoke of style, but what they raised was a question of institutions: a party about to assume power over the whole country — by what means could it restrain itself, so as to avoid repeating the same mistakes (重蹈覆辙, chong dao fu che - "repeat, tread, fall, track")?

The Party's Leadership Moves Toward Institutionalization

From 1949 to 1956, our Party carried out a sustained exploration of governing the Party through institutions and rules, sketching out the initial contours of seeking enduring order through institutions and achieving proper standards through rules. During the base-area period, the Communist Party had already formed a set of organizational institutions, such as the Party committee system, the branch system, democratic centralism, and discipline inspection. In September 1948, Mao Zedong also drafted for the Central Committee the "Decision on Improving the Party Committee System," which, targeting the habit of individuals monopolizing affairs and making decisions on important matters alone, stipulated that all important questions must be submitted to the committee for discussion, with attending committee members fully expressing their views and making clear decisions, which are then implemented separately. Turning democratic centralism from a principle into an operable decision-making procedure was precisely the most reliable link in governing the Party through institutions.

After the founding of New China, Party committees and Party leading groups were universally established within government systems at all levels, ensuring that the Party's will and various policies were carried out and implemented within state organs. This was an important step in the Party's leadership moving toward institutionalization nationwide. How could the Party "enter" state organs without "monopolizing" their affairs? Mao Zedong described the proper measure with great vividness: "Major powers are concentrated in one hand; minor powers are dispersed. The Party committee decides; all quarters carry out. In carrying out, there are also decisions, but they do not depart from principles. For work inspection, the Party committee bears responsibility." This separated "leadership" from "monopolization" institutionally: the Party decides major policies and principles, but does not replace the specific functions of administrative organs; the Party's leadership is realized through organization, through procedures, and through supervision.

At the same time, the Party's own organizational construction also moved onto the track of institutionalization. In February 1951, the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided to carry out a general rectification of the Party's primary-level organizations over a three-year period. The First National Conference on Organizational Work adopted the "Resolution on Rectifying the Party's Primary-Level Organizations" and the "Resolution on Developing New Party Members." Liu Shaoqi delivered the summary report "Struggle for Higher Standards for Communist Party Members" at the conference, putting forward eight conditions for the standards of Communist Party members, drawing the norms for "how to be a Communist Party member": a Party member must be a person of good class background, with a clear personal history, loyal to the Party, possessing genuine class consciousness and demonstrating activism, and willing to abide by the Party program and Party Constitution. This was precisely another essential meaning of governing the Party according to rules: standards are rules. If the "vanguard of the working class" were merely an abstract slogan, it could not be tested; transformed into conditions that can be compared against and examined, the abstract designation becomes a rigid threshold. The threshold for a ruling party can only be higher than in the revolutionary era — this precisely points to the general direction under ruling conditions. This Party rectification went through the stages of study, registration, examination, and handling, and was combined with the "Three-Anti" campaign, basically concluding by the spring of 1954, with the Party's organizational composition and the quality of Party members markedly improved. In November 1953, the Central Committee also made the "Decision on Strengthening the Work of Cadre Management," establishing the system of managing cadres by branch and by level, under the unified leadership of the Central Committee and Party committees at all levels, with the organization departments of Party committees at all levels exercising unified management. From then on, the principle of "the Party managing cadres" acquired an institutional form with clear levels and clear responsibilities. If the Party committee system and Party leading groups solved the question of how the Party leads, then the Party rectification and organizational construction solved the question of how the Party manages itself well — governing the Party through institutions thus gained its organizational carrier.

The Establishment of Discipline Inspection and Supervision Systems

Just over a month after the founding of New China, on November 9, 1949, the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Establishing the Central and Local Discipline Inspection Commissions at All Levels" pointed out that "our Party has become a party governing the whole country," and decided to establish the Party's central and local discipline inspection commissions at all levels, in order to implement the Party's political line and various specific policies, maintain close ties with the masses, and overcome bureaucratism. This showed that the Party had fully recognized that the first risk facing a ruling party lies not externally, but internally.

On May 6, 1950, a joint meeting of discipline inspection commission members from all levels of the central directly affiliated system was convened, at which Zhu De delivered the speech "Strengthen the Work of Party Discipline Inspection," pointing out that after the Party assumed power, its prestige grew daily, and the improper words and deeds of a small number of Party members were sufficient to undermine the Party's combat effectiveness — "upholding iron discipline and strengthening Party discipline have even more special and significant meaning today." The speech directly stated the prominent manifestations of discipline violations within the Party at that time: coercive orders, estrangement from the masses, the growth of bureaucratism, the particularly prominent backward thinking of flaunting seniority and demanding rewards for past merits, and corruption and degeneration increasing compared with the past. Tracing their roots, there was both the paralysis and arrogance brought by revolutionary victory, and even more the invasion of backward ideology and work style from the old society — these deeply ingrained and difficult to change (根深蒂固, gen shen di gu - "root, deep, base, firm") bad things "can still continuously influence, invade, and corrode us through various channels." With the diagnosis clear, the prescription followed: ideological education as the primary means, with enforcement of discipline as supplementary. Zhu De also had a resolute and decisive in speech or action (斩钉截铁, zhan ding jie tie - "cut, nail, intercept, iron") statement that best revealed the essential meaning of governing the Party according to rules: "Our Party has only one kind of discipline, and absolutely does not permit the existence of any independent kingdom not subject to the discipline of the Party." Here, "only one kind of discipline" was precisely aimed at the "special Party member" mentality most likely to emerge under ruling conditions.

In parallel with inner-Party discipline inspection was supervision within the administrative system. On October 19, 1949, the Central People's Supervisory Commission was established; people's supervisory organs were established in people's governments at all levels above the county and city level, to supervise whether state organs and public servants performed their duties, and to expose and impeach organs and personnel that violated the law or neglected their duties. In September 1954, the First Session of the First National People's Congress decided to establish the Ministry of Supervision of the state, to replace the former Central People's Supervisory Commission. During this period, the "Provisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Authority and Procedures for Taking Disciplinary Action Against Party Organizations and Party Members (Draft)" made specific provisions on the procedures for disciplinary action, approval authority, and cancellation of disciplinary action; the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection formulated the "Several Provisions of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China on Handling Complaints and Appeals Cases." This was the first time in our Party's history that relatively systematic special provisions were made on the implementation of disciplinary action. From then on, disciplinary action against Party members and cadres had fixed procedures, fixed authority, and fixed bases.

The life of institutions lies in implementation; the authority of rules lies in taking real action. From 1949 to 1956, the tests our Party faced were multidimensional: it had to punish corruption to establish authority, and it had to restrain power to prevent division. The former was marked by the Liu Qingshan and Zhang Zishan case, the latter by the Gao Gang and Rao Shushi incident — the two cases separated by only three years, yet together they propelled the start of governing the Party through institutions. The institutional significance of the Liu and Zhang case lay in hastening the establishment of anti-corruption through law. In April 1952, the "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Punishing Corruption" was promulgated and implemented, clearly stipulating that embezzling, stealing, defrauding, or obtaining by fraudulent means state property, forcibly extorting others' property, accepting bribes, and other acts of using public office for private gain in violation of the law all constituted the crime of corruption. In March 1955, the National Conference of Party Representatives adopted the "Resolution on the Anti-Party Alliance of Gao Gang and Rao Shushi," expelling both from the Party and removing them from all their posts inside and outside the Party. Deng Xiaoping, in his report on behalf of the Central Committee at the meeting, pointed out that the Party must, through certain organizations, "exercise strict and systematic supervision over the work of any Party member (even the most responsible Party member)"; and emphasized that it was necessary to "practically improve and perfect all necessary institutions." The meeting adopted a resolution to establish the Party's central and local supervisory commissions at all levels, to replace the central and local discipline inspection commissions at all levels, "thereby strengthening Party discipline and strengthening the struggle against various violations of law and discipline among Party members." The system was upgraded in response to problems — this was precisely the advancement with the times of governing the Party through institutions and according to rules.

The Institutional Contributions of the Eighth National Congress of the Party

In September 1956, the Eighth National Congress of the Party was convened in Beijing. This was the first National Congress held after the Party assumed power, and it was also an institutional summary of the exploration of ruling-party construction in the seven years since the founding of New China. On September 16, Deng Xiaoping, on behalf of the Central Committee, delivered the "Report on the Revision of the Party Constitution," centering on the question of "what new tests the status of a ruling party poses to the Party," pointing out: "The status of a ruling party makes it very easy for our comrades to become tainted with the habit of bureaucratism. The danger of becoming divorced from reality and divorced from the masses is not less but greater for Party organizations and Party members than in the past." The danger increased because of ruling, and did not diminish because of victory — this was in the same vein as the anxiety of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee, and was also a scientific conclusion drawn by our Party after seven years of ruling in the face of various risks and challenges. The report emphasized: "Besides strengthening ideological education for Party members, the Party should, more importantly, strengthen the Party's leading role from all aspects, and make appropriate provisions in both the state system and the Party system, so as to exercise strict supervision over Party organizations and Party members." Placing institutions above ideological education was extremely conspicuous in Party documents.

The Party Constitution adopted at the Eighth National Congress put this line of thinking into practice. First, the concept of the "mass line" was written into the General Program of the Party Constitution for the first time, fixing the relationship between the Party and the masses as the fundamental rule of a ruling party. Second, democratic centralism was reaffirmed, with emphasis on collective leadership. The General Program of the Party Constitution clearly stipulated: "In accordance with the Party's democratic centralism, any Party organization must strictly observe the principle of combining collective leadership with individual responsibility." In explaining the Party Constitution, Deng Xiaoping pointed out that Leninism requires the Party to have all major questions decided by the appropriate collective rather than by individuals, and sharply criticized "the method of concealing the substance of arbitrary individual decision-making behind the appearance of collective leadership," holding that it must be resolutely opposed. Third, the supervisory commission system was formally written into the Constitution: the Central Supervisory Commission was to be elected by the plenary session of the Central Committee of the Party, and its tasks were to regularly inspect and handle cases of Party members violating the Party Constitution, Party discipline, communist morality, and state laws and decrees. At this point, the framework for governing the Party through institutions and according to rules had initially taken shape.

Another innovation of the Eighth National Congress of the Party was the system of permanent tenure for Party congresses: during the period between sessions of the National Congress and local congresses at all levels, the committees produced by them exercise their functions and powers, transforming the National Congress of the Party from a meeting held only once every several years into a permanent supreme organ of power. However, because of a series of problems that emerged domestically and internationally thereafter, the institutions established by the Eighth National Congress were not rigidly implemented.

Establishing institutions and establishing rules has never been a matter of solving a problem once and for all (一劳永逸, yi lao yong yi - "one, toil, forever, ease"). General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "To govern the Party according to rules, one must first establish discipline and rules, make them strict, and implement them." From "establishing" to "making strict," and then to "implementing," there is a distance between the three steps that cannot be skipped: institutions written on paper, rules established in the heart — both must rely on word-by-word implementation to become reality. The vitality of institutions lies in implementation; the vitality of rules lies in becoming habit. In the final analysis, establishing institutions and establishing rules are the same thing — making the Party's will rely not on the self-discipline of a few individuals, but on institutions and rules, to land on every post and in the actions of every person. This is both the revelation left by those seven years after the founding of New China and the lesson that must continue to be done well today.

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Ideals and convictions unleash inexhaustible strength to overcome stubborn enemies and shake mountains

By: 王新生

In his speech at the conference commemorating the 90th anniversary of the victory of the Long March of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "History has eloquently proven that revolutionary ideals and revolutionary convictions can unleash inexhaustible strength to overcome stubborn enemies and shake mountains, and that a contingent with lofty ideals and firm convictions is invincible." This is an important conclusion drawn from a profound summation of the historical experience of the Red Army's Long March. Lofty ideals and firm convictions are the political soul of Communists. From the very day of its founding, the Communist Party of China established communism as its lofty ideal, and has always united and led the Chinese people to march forward courageously toward this great ideal step by step. The Party and the Red Army rose again and again after repeated setbacks, and, having endured untold hardships, became strong through hardship and trials (淬火成钢, cui huo cheng gang - "quench, fire; become, steel"), ultimately because the lofty ideals and revolutionary convictions in the hearts of hundreds of millions of Communists remained steadfast and unwavering, always shining with a blazing light. Ideals and convictions are our powerful spiritual pillar for continuously overcoming all kinds of difficulties, obstacles, hardships, and challenges, and for continuously advancing from victory to victory.

The Red Army's Long March was a great expedition of ideals and convictions. Along the long journey, Red Army soldiers fought more than 600 battles and engagements against the enemy, crossed nearly a hundred rivers, climbed more than 40 high mountains and perilous peaks, and traversed the vast grasslands known as the "death trap," conquering the limits of human survival with tenacious will. During the Long March, the heroic Red Army, bearing lofty ideals and firm convictions in their hearts, fought a bloody battle at the Xiang River, crossed the Chishui River four times, skillfully crossed the Jinsha River, forcibly crossed the Dadu River, seized the Luding Bridge by flying assault, fought fiercely at Dushu Town, courageously took Baozuo, maneuvered through the Wumeng Mountains, repelled more than a million ferocious pursuing and blocking enemies, conquered ice-covered snowy peaks where the air was thin, crossed trackless marshlands, traversed more than ten provinces, and completed an unparalleled or incomparable (无与伦比, wu yu lun bi - "not, with, compare, match") "epic expedition of a kind never seen before." The Long March's duration, scale, distance, the perilousness of its environment, and the fierceness of its battles were unprecedented in Chinese history and extremely rare in the history of world warfare and even in the history of human civilization. "Wind and rain soaked our clothes, yet our bones grew harder; wild vegetables filled our stomachs, yet our will grew firmer; officers and soldiers shared weal and woe alike, and revolutionary ideals stood higher than the heavens." On the storm-tossed road of the Long March, lofty ideals and firm convictions inspired and guided the Red Army ever forward.

Ideals and convictions were the source of the Red Army's heroic spirit, firm will, and revolutionary strength during the Long March. The Red Army was a heroic revolutionary force under the Party's strong leadership, fighting for the cause of the Party and the people; wherever the Party pointed, there the Red Army charged. During the Long March, the Red Army faced the pursuit, interception, and blockade of approximately one million Nationalist troops, faced high mountains, great rivers, perilous passes, and strategic strongholds, and faced the ultimate challenge of high altitude, oxygen deprivation, and food shortages. The vast majority of Red Army officers and soldiers firmly believed that as long as they followed the Party, the revolutionary cause would surely triumph. In the bloody battle at the Xiang River, Chen Shuxiang, commander of the 34th Division of the Red Army, was shot in the abdomen and captured; on a stretcher, he used his hands to twist and sever his own intestines through the abdominal wound, dying a heroic death, and with his life fulfilled the oath to "shed the last drop of blood for the Soviet New China." In the battle to seize the Luding Bridge by flying assault, 22 commandos climbed onto the iron chains and charged toward the opposite bank through a hail of bullets, and together with the follow-up troops captured the Luding Bridge. In the battle to attack the natural barrier of Lazikou, Red Army soldiers climbed the sheer cliffs, reached the enemy's flank and rear, and, coordinating with the frontal assault troops, launched a fierce attack, capturing Lazikou and sounding one stirring heroic paean after another that moved heaven and earth.

The world today is facing changes unseen in a century. The changes in the world and the changes of the times are unfolding in ways never before seen. Therefore, on the road of progress toward realizing the Second Centenary Goal and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, there are still many "snowy mountains" and "grasslands" for us to cross, and many "Loushan Passes" and "Lazikous" for us to conquer. On the new Long March, we must carry forward the great Long March spirit, uphold the Party's ideals, convictions, and purposes, consciously become firm believers in and loyal practitioners of the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, practice lofty ideals and convictions with hard work and dedication, and strive with all our might to write a brand-new chapter in building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation!

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Zunyi Meeting: A Turning Point of Vital Importance in the Party's History

By: 付子霞

"Outline for the Dissemination of the Enlarged Meeting of the Politburo in Zunyi" (excerpt) (held in the Central Archives)

The Zunyi Meeting convened in January 1935 was a turning point of vital importance to life and death (生死攸关, sheng si you guan - "life, death, have, relation") in the century-long journey of the Chinese Communist Party. Due to the arduous conditions and the grim wartime environment at the time, the archival materials left behind from the Zunyi Meeting are very limited, of which the two most important and authoritative pieces are the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on the Summary of the Counter-Campaign against the Enemy's Fifth 'Encirclement and Suppression'" and the "Outline for the Dissemination of the Enlarged Meeting of the Politburo in Zunyi." Both of these precious archival documents are preserved in the Central Archives and possess rare and precious (不可多得, bu ke duo de - "not, can, many, get") historical value.

A Historic Choice at a Moment of Crisis

From September 1933 to October 1934, under the command of Bo Gu and Li De, who promoted the erroneous military line of "Left" dogmatism, the Central Revolutionary Base Area's fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" suffered defeat, and the Central Red Army was forced to carry out a strategic shift. When breaking through the fourth blockade line on the Xiang River, the broad ranks of cadres and soldiers of the Red Army engaged in a life-and-death battle with the Kuomintang army. The Thirty-Fourth Division of the Fifth Red Army Corps, which served as the rearguard, and most of the Eighteenth Regiment of the Third Red Army Corps made heroic sacrifices. The Central Red Army and the personnel of the central organs were sharply reduced from more than 86,000 at the time of departure to just over 30,000, and the Party and the Red Army fell into an unprecedented (前所未有, qian suo wei you - "before, what, have, not") existential crisis. Among the broad ranks of Red Army commanders and fighters and cadres, especially among the Party's senior cadres, opinions demanding the correction of errors and a change of leadership were brewing.

Regarding the direction of advance of the Central Red Army, there had been persistent differences within the Party Central Committee after crossing the Xiang River. After the Red Army occupied Tongdao in Hunan, a fierce debate arose among the central leaders over whether to continue according to the original plan northward to join forces with the Second and Sixth Red Army Corps, or to avoid the ambush laid by the Kuomintang army. On December 18, 1934, the Central Politburo held its first meeting after the start of the Long March in Liping. Based on Mao Zedong's proposal, the meeting adopted a resolution to abandon the plan of joining forces with the Second and Sixth Red Army Corps in northwestern Hunan and instead march toward northern Guizhou. The meeting also decided to convene an enlarged meeting of the Politburo at an appropriate time.

After the meeting, the Central Red Army occupied Houchang on the southern bank of the Wujiang River at the end of December. From the evening of December 31 to the early morning of the next day, the Central Politburo held another meeting, deciding that "regarding operational guidelines, as well as the choice of operational timing and locations, the Military Commission must make reports to the Politburo at its meetings." This decision in effect stripped Bo Gu and Li De of their military command authority. Subsequently, the Red Army crossed the Wujiang River, leaving the Kuomintang's "pursuit and suppression" forces behind in the areas east and south of the Wujiang River, creating favorable conditions for the convening of the enlarged meeting of the Central Politburo in Zunyi.

Discerning the Truth That Turned the Tide

On January 7, 1935, the Red Army captured Zunyi, the major town in northern Guizhou. From January 15 to 17, the Central Politburo held an enlarged meeting in Zunyi (i.e., the Zunyi Meeting), concentrating all efforts on resolving the military and organizational issues that were of decisive significance at the time. The Politburo members attending the meeting were Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun, and Bo Gu; alternate members were Wang Jiaxiang, Liu Shaoqi, Deng Fa, and He Kequan (Kai Feng); also present were Liu Bocheng, Li Fuchun, and other responsible persons of the Red Army headquarters and various army corps, as well as Deng Xiaoping, General Secretary of the Central Committee. Li De and Wu Xiujuan, who served as interpreter, also attended the meeting as non-voting participants. Chen Yun recorded in the "Outline for the Dissemination of the Enlarged Meeting of the Politburo in Zunyi" (hereinafter referred to as the "Dissemination Outline"): the convening of the enlarged meeting of the Politburo in Zunyi was decided by the Liping Politburo meeting, based on the various debates in southern Hunan and Tongdao.

At the meeting, Bo Gu first delivered a summary report on the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression." He made some self-examination of errors in military command, but mainly emphasized various objective causes. Subsequently, Zhou Enlai delivered a supplementary report on military issues. He pointed out that the main cause of the failure of the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" was the errors in strategy and tactics of the military leadership, and he voluntarily assumed responsibility, making a sincere self-criticism, while also criticizing Bo Gu and Li De. Zhang Wentian, in accordance with the views agreed upon beforehand with Mao Zedong and Wang Jiaxiang, delivered a report opposing the "Left" military errors, systematically criticizing the errors of Bo Gu and Li De in military command. Subsequently, Mao Zedong made a lengthy speech, conducting a pointed analysis and criticism of the errors of Bo Gu and Li De in military command, and expounding on the strategic and tactical issues of China's revolutionary war and the guidelines that should be adopted militarily thereafter.

In fact, as early as during the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression," Mao Zedong and others had already raised many opinions against Li De's erroneous military command. As the "Dissemination Outline" pointed out, "this erroneous military command lasted for a very long period. During this period, there was no lack of debate within the Party and the Military Commission. Mao, Zhang, and Wang had raised many opinions, and even Comrade Enlai had differing views on some individual campaigns, but this error was not successfully overcome. As for the commanders of the various army corps — especially the First and Third Army Corps — it is impossible to count how many suggestions and telegrams, as well as 'detailed battle reports' for each campaign, they submitted putting forward their operational opinions; unfortunately, none of them were adopted at all." Wu Xiujuan, who attended the Zunyi Meeting as a non-voting participant at the time, recalled: Mao Zedong spoke for about an hour or more, and the main content of his speech was that the first priority at present was to solve the military problem. He "sharply criticized Li De's erroneous military command, which only knew discussing military tactics only on paper (纸上谈兵, zhi shang tan bing - "paper, on, discuss, military"), without considering that the soldiers needed to walk, also needed to eat, also needed to sleep, and without asking whether the terrain traversed was mountainous, plains, or river channels, only knowing to draw a line on a sketch map and set a time limit for fighting — of course, the fighting could not be done well." Mao Zedong's speech reflected the common views and correct opinions of everyone present and received enthusiastic support from the overwhelming majority of the comrades attending the meeting.

The Zunyi Meeting reorganized the central leadership organs. Chen Yun recorded in detail in the "Dissemination Outline": the enlarged meeting finally made the following decisions: "(1) Comrade Mao Zedong was elected as a member of the Standing Committee. (2) Comrade Luofu [Zhang Wentian] was designated to draft the resolution, which, after review by the Standing Committee, was to be distributed to the branches for discussion. (3) An appropriate division of labor was to be made among the Standing Committee members. (4) The 'three-man group' was abolished, with the highest military commanders Zhu [De] and Zhou [Enlai] remaining as military commanders, while Comrade Enlai was the person entrusted by the Party with final decision-making authority in military command." Shortly after the meeting, the Standing Committee of the Central Politburo divided its work. Based on Mao Zedong's proposal, it was decided that Zhang Wentian would replace Bo Gu in assuming overall responsibility for the Central Committee; Mao Zedong was to serve as Zhou Enlai's assistant in military command.

After the meeting, Zhang Wentian, based on the content of the speeches of the majority of the participants, especially Mao Zedong's speech, drafted the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on the Summary of the Counter-Campaign against the Enemy's Fifth 'Encirclement and Suppression'" (generally referred to as the "Zunyi Meeting Resolution"). This was the most important achievement of the Zunyi Meeting. On February 8, the Central Politburo held a meeting in the Zhaxi (present-day Weixin) area of Yunnan and formally reviewed and adopted this resolution. The full text of the "Zunyi Meeting Resolution" consists of 14 sections, totaling more than 12,000 characters. It not only corrected the erroneous line militarily, but also established the principle of seeking truth from facts politically, and restored the tradition of democratic centralism organizationally, becoming a programmatic document that unified the thinking of the entire Party and the entire army and clarified the military and political direction.

The Great Turn After Rebirth Through Fire

After the Zunyi Meeting, the Central Red Army, rallying one's strength and starting anew (重整旗鼓, chong zheng qi gu - "reorganize, flag, drum") and lifting its spirits, under the command of the new central leadership, and in accordance with changes in actual circumstances, launched flexible and mobile maneuver warfare, weaving and zigzagging through the enemy's heavy forces. From the end of January to late March, the Red Army crossed the Chishui River four times. In the Zunyi Campaign, the Red Army annihilated two enemy divisions and eight regiments, captured more than 3,000 enemy troops, and achieved its greatest victory since the start of the Long March. Subsequently, the Red Army crossed the Wujiang River southward, feigned an attack on Guiyang, divided its forces in eastern Guizhou, then struck again at Yunnan, made a feint near Kunming, and then suddenly turned northward, crossing the Jinsha River in early May, achieving a victory of decisive significance in the strategic shift. This victory was achieved after the change of central military leadership following the Zunyi Meeting, fully demonstrating Mao Zedong's superb art of military command.

The Zunyi Meeting was convened at the historic juncture of the failure of the Red Army's fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression" and the severe setbacks in the early stage of the Long March. It clearly answered the questions of right and wrong regarding the Red Army's strategy and tactics, pointed out the errors of Bo Gu and Li De in military command, and at the same time changed the central leadership, especially the military leadership, resolving the most urgent organizational and military problems facing the Party. It put an end to the dominance of "Left" dogmatist errors within the Central Committee, in effect established Comrade Mao Zedong's leadership position in the Party Central Committee and the Red Army, and at the most critical moment saved the Party, saved the Red Army, and saved the Chinese revolution. From then on, under the leadership of the correct Marxist line represented by Comrade Mao Zedong, the Chinese Communist Party overcame numerous difficulties and step by step led the Chinese revolution toward victory. The Zunyi Meeting was a turning point of vital importance to life and death in the Party's history, marking the beginning of the Chinese Communist Party's political maturation.

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Correctly Understanding the Value Form of Tokens Under Commodity Relations

By: 徐浩然

A token is the smallest unit into which text is divided within a large language model. In March 2026, the National Data Administration formally defined "Token," the unit of measurement in the field of artificial intelligence, as a token, transforming it from a counting unit internal to models into a billing target priced by volume on the application programming interface (API) market, and into an expenditure line item on corporate bills. When a unit of measurement is brought into commodity relations and becomes a form of value, it is likely to promote the release of the value of data factors and the innovative development of various business models based on token applications. Based on Marx's critique of political economy, we must correctly understand the token economy starting from the attribute of value, while also recognizing its limitations as a value form of a unit of measurement.

The token is the value form that the digital economy assumes under commodity relations

With the development of artificial intelligence, the processes of digitalized and intelligent production, exchange, and distribution are being incorporated into a unified measurement framework, and the unit of measurement of this framework is the token. The token is to the digital economy what the kilowatt-hour is to the electricity economy: what people consume is never the "unit" itself, but the utility that actually occurs behind the unit.

Therefore, the token is first of all a form of value, that is, the form in which the social fruits of digital-intelligent production are manifested, exchanged, and measured under commodity relations. The rise of the token is a result of the development of artificial intelligence, providing an institutional foundation for the industrial development of the digital economy and the popularization of intelligent technology. The token is "not only the anchor point of value in the intelligent era, but also a 'settlement unit' connecting technological supply and commercial demand, providing a quantifiable possibility for the implementation of business models." However, we must see that the form of value has always been a historical category; the token is not a natural measure of intelligence, but rather the value form that artificial intelligence assumes under commodity relations.

The value borne by the token is derived from human labor

In March 2023, the most advanced models at the time were priced at approximately 30–60 US dollars per million tokens; by early 2026, the call price for equivalent capability had fallen to around 0.1 US dollars. Does this then indicate that the token "has no value" or that "value has disappeared"? In this regard, those who hold a positive view confuse the conceptual connotations of price and value, and still less grasp the economic laws behind the magnitude of value.

Value is undifferentiated human labor congealed in commodities; the magnitude of value is determined by socially necessary labor time, and it "varies directly as the quantity and inversely as the productivity of the labor realized in the commodity." The value substance attached to the token contains human labor: first, direct labor such as data annotation, model training, and data center operations and maintenance; second, the transfer of materialized "past labor" such as chips, electricity, and data centers; third, the "general intellect" labor accumulated by humanity over generations in books, the internet, and code repositories, which settles in the form of corpora as the foundation of model capabilities. These different forms of labor together constitute the source of the token's value.

Therefore, the so-called "price collapse" of tokens is not the disappearance of value, but the collapse of the magnitude of value accompanying the revolutionary progress of digital-intelligent productive forces. For example, technological breakthroughs such as model distillation, low-precision quantization, mixture-of-experts architectures, and cache reuse have greatly compressed the socially necessary labor time required to produce equivalent artificial intelligence utility. "Cache pricing," for instance, allows the same semantic output to reuse previously completed computation, whereby the market price falls to the order of one percent of the full price—the market, this "invisible hand," is spontaneously executing the law of value that "only recognizes socially necessary expenditure." This precisely shows that the law of value has not failed, but rather that the decline in the magnitude of value per unit of production of large language models and the surge in the magnitude of use value are superimposed on each other, and the total social value is still rising. From this it can be seen that the apparent "dirt-cheap price" users see in the process of calling tokens is only an appearance; behind it is profoundly reflected a normal technological progress-driven price reduction.

The token merely serves as the counting form of artificial intelligence services

Reviewing the development course of tokens in recent years, it can be seen that the token was initially merely an occasional, individual medium of exchange among developers—this is the simple form of value; subsequently, tokens established conversion relationships with countless services such as translation, programming, and consulting, but the tokens of different models were mutually incomparable and difficult to price against one another, much like the stage of the expanded form of value. In recent years, various intelligent products, computing resources, and corpus data have all begun to anchor the manifestation of their own value to tokens, and the token has begun to serve as the general equivalent measure of the entire industry. In summary, what is commodified is not the token as a string slice, but the artificial intelligence service based on inference systems that is housed within the measurement shell of the token.

At present, the National Data Administration has proposed building a dataset value system based on tokens, which means that the measurement status of the token is rising from an industry convention to an institutional norm. This is equivalent to the key step in the history of the evolution of value forms in which "the general equivalent form obtains objective fixedness and general social validity." Only from a practical standpoint, this step has not yet been completed: currently token prices are denominated in legal tender, quasi-equivalents such as platform credit points and computing power vouchers exist in parallel, and since 2026 the market has also seen rising computing power costs pushing up prices for some models, with fluctuating prices or conditions (涨跌互现, zhang die hu xian - "rise, fall, mutually appear") across different manufacturers. All of this indicates that the token's status as a general equivalent in the intelligent industry is still in the process of formation, and the market trading system has not yet taken shape. At this historical juncture, we must both conform to the economic law of the tendency toward unified measurement standards, actively participate in and guide the construction of standards for the digital economy, and at the same time avoid prematurely fixing any specific pricing form in place.

Link token traffic to actual economic and social utility

Marx held that the form of value causes "the equality of human labor to take the form of the equal value-objectivity of the products of labor." The token is precisely the new version of this "form of things" in the digital-intelligent era. In the process of use, users do not directly face the division-of-labor network composed of annotators, engineers, and power workers, but rather an application programming interface (API) endpoint and a token bill; enterprises do not face a corpus-sharing community, but a dataset quotation priced by token. The social relations among producers take the form of social relations between things—between token and token, and between token and money. In this regard, we need to pay attention to the problem of commodity fetishism that Marx revealed, namely that the social relations among people are, under the commodity form, manifested as relations between things.

The mystique of the token originates from the token form itself; in the process of artificial intelligence production and circulation, the social relations among people are embedded in the thing-form of "application programming interface (API) service," and the token shifts from an honest unit of measurement to a "sensuous thing that is also suprasensible." Therefore, the token must be correctly understood. Some localities and enterprises treat "daily token call volume" and "cumulative token consumption" as important indicators of the level of intelligent industry development, and even judge success by "how many tokens were burned." In fact, the token is only a unit of measurement; the level of development of artificial intelligence lies in how many practical problems are solved and how much real utility is created. Token traffic divorced from real utility may be the idle spinning of ineffective computation. In evaluating the development of the intelligent industry, what ultimately matters is the actual results of improving quality and increasing efficiency, not the numbers on the meter. Moreover, one must not treat token-based pricing as an eternal natural form, nor exclude corpus labor from value calculation. Every bit of "intelligence" in a large language model congeals the labor of countless writers and annotators.

Guide the healthy development of the artificial intelligence industry with the correct form of value

Every stage of economic development has its particularities; the purpose of correctly understanding the value form of the token lies in guiding the development of the artificial intelligence industry. Just as electricity, in its journey from an expensive commodity to a universal public utility, saw the kilowatt-hour shift from "luxury measurement" to "infrastructure measurement," the token likewise faces a similar development prospect.

From a process perspective, as computing power infrastructure becomes increasingly complete and the supply of public computing power continues to expand, the commodity coloring of the token may gradually fade, returning to its proper role as an honest unit of measurement. First, the value system for data factors must be improved. The construction of a dataset value system based on tokens has just begun; it is necessary to accelerate the establishment of institutional norms for corpus rights confirmation, authorization, and pricing, to explore reasonable revenue distribution mechanisms among data sources, processors, and users, so that the human labor sedimented in corpora receives due respect and return, fundamentally consolidating the value foundation of the artificial intelligence industry. We must recognize that the long-term downward trend in token prices is the general trend of productive force progress, but short-term vicious subsidies and below-cost dumping-style pricing are not conducive to the sustainable development of the industry and may also crowd out innovation investment. Price behavior monitoring and industry self-discipline guidance should be strengthened, channeling competition toward technological capability, service quality, and application effectiveness.

In addition, the supply of public computing power should be steadily expanded. Computing power is the basic condition for the development of the artificial intelligence industry. While giving play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, the role of the government should be better brought into play, advancing the coordinated layout and inclusive supply of computing power infrastructure, lowering the threshold for the whole society to access intelligent services, and enabling the vast number of small and medium-sized enterprises and scientific research institutions to afford and make good use of them. This is also the practical path for the token to gradually return from "commodity measurement" to "service measurement." At the same time, Party committees and governments should adhere to the evaluation orientation of putting use first, promoting the deep integration of artificial intelligence with all aspects of Chinese modernization, and truly serving high-quality development.

The rise of the token is a historical imprint left by the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation on the measurement form of value. We must recognize that every form of value is historical, and the mature form of the digital economy is still in the process of exploration; we must always remain clear-headed, so that digital-intelligent technology better serves the building of a great modern socialist country.

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Building a Risk Prevention System for AI-Empowered Social Governance

By: 范瑞光

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that, "In the face of the new situation of the rapid evolution of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology, it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources, adhere to self-reliance and self-strengthening, highlight the application orientation, and promote the healthy and orderly development of China's artificial intelligence in a beneficial, safe, and fair direction." At present, artificial intelligence is integrating into all aspects of social governance with unprecedented breadth and depth. While it empowers social governance to improve quality and efficiency, it is also accompanied by risks such as algorithmic discrimination, human-machine imbalance, and ethical conflicts, which urgently require forward-looking and systematic identification, assessment, and regulation.

Empowering social governance with artificial intelligence is an inevitable choice for comprehensively implementing the "AI+" action and continuously meeting the people's aspirations for a better life. With the deep embedding of artificial intelligence, the concepts, models, and processes of social governance have been continuously reshaped, promoting the transformation of social governance from passive response to proactive prevention, from experience-based judgment to data-driven decision-making, and from treating everyone in the same way regardless of individual differences (千人一面, qian ren yi mian - "thousand, people, one, face") to personalized adaptation. This has achieved an all-round transformation from intelligent perception of governance situations to precise delivery of public services, and from evidence-based assistance in governance decision-making to systematic prevention and control of security risks.

However, the "double-edged sword" (双刃剑, shuang ren jian - "double, edge, sword") nature of technology is also constantly revealing itself in the empowerment of artificial intelligence, and it is necessary to face squarely the accompanying risks in empowerment. Empowering social governance with artificial intelligence is a process of deep inter-embedding between artificial intelligence technology and social structures, value systems, institutional arrangements, and so on. The accompanying risks include not only purely technological application risks, but also systemic challenges that accompany technological application and may affect social fairness, stability, and sustainable development. This coexistence of opportunities and risks determines that, in the process of promoting the empowerment of social governance by artificial intelligence, it is necessary to proactively identify risks, effectively prevent risks, and strive to achieve a dynamic balance between development and security. Effectively preventing risks lies first and foremost in accurately identifying risks.

Technology-endogenous risks mainly originate from the limitations and vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence technology itself. Data and algorithms are important supports for artificial intelligence technology. If historical data contains bias or algorithms are implanted with specific values, artificial intelligence technology may solidify or even amplify these problems when empowering social governance, forming algorithmic bias and discrimination. Artificial intelligence systems in social governance involve massive amounts of sensitive personal information and public data, and data collection, transmission, storage, and use may all have security vulnerabilities or become targets of attack. Once leaked or abused, this will infringe upon citizens' rights and interests and erode social trust. The "hallucination" and "black box" problems existing in artificial intelligence technology, as well as its vulnerability when facing adversarial samples, may lead to misjudgment or failure in high-risk scenarios such as emergency command and security early warning, giving rise to system reliability risks.

Socially derived risks are manifested as the impact of the application of artificial intelligence technology on social structure and governance order. There are differences among different regions and different groups in their ability to access, use, and benefit from artificial intelligence technology. Excessive reliance on intelligent governance means in social governance may marginalize elderly people and vulnerable groups who are unfamiliar with artificial intelligence technology. In addition, excessive reliance on artificial intelligence technology may also weaken the public's understanding of the social governance process and identification with the values of social governance, causing the public to withdraw from the field of social governance and triggering a crisis of social trust.

Governance adaptability risks are manifested as the challenges faced by the existing governance system when responding to the embedding of artificial intelligence. In grassroots social governance practice, existing institutional rules lag behind technological application. When facing the deep involvement of artificial intelligence in fields such as grassroots administrative law enforcement and autonomous decision-making, different subjects face difficulties in defining responsibilities and accountability. In addition, practical tendencies of "technology-only doctrine" such as equating technological application with improved governance efficiency, excessive reliance on artificial intelligence technology, and utilitarian application have also bred risks such as digital formalism, increased burden on grassroots units, and erosion of public value.

To respond to the new tasks and new challenges of empowering social governance with artificial intelligence, it is necessary to strengthen bottom-line thinking and build a forward-looking, systematic, and collaborative risk prevention system.

Strengthen top-level design and solve the problem of lag in risk regulation. In the practice of empowering social governance with artificial intelligence, a dynamic and adaptive governance strategy of "regulating while developing" should be advocated. In the technology embedding stage, embed ethical norms into code writing and strengthen continuous tracking of the ethical compliance of algorithms; introduce tools such as "regulatory sandboxes" to allow new technologies to be tested first in a risk-controllable environment. In the application and deployment stage, promote the implementation of tiered and category-based supervision, adopting different risk regulation strategies according to different social governance scenarios; at the same time, establish normalized risk monitoring, early warning, and rapid response mechanisms to achieve the synchronous advancement of governance needs, technological development, and institutional construction.

Adhere to putting the people first and resolve the value dilemma of risk regulation. To advance the modernization of social governance, it is necessary to reconstruct human subjectivity in the new pattern of human-machine symbiosis. On the one hand, it is necessary to enhance the artificial intelligence risk awareness and ethical literacy of various social governance subjects, and run the people's value demands through the entire process of empowering social governance with artificial intelligence. On the other hand, further strengthen the ethical constraints on artificial intelligence technology, build an algorithm governance and ethical audit mechanism coordinated by multiple subjects, and enhance the explainability and accountability of relevant algorithms.

Consolidate the responsibility system and strengthen the institutional foundation for risk regulation. Risk regulation for empowering social governance with artificial intelligence is a complex systemic project that urgently requires the formation of an all-round, institutionalized joint force for regulation. In response to the accountability dilemma after infringement and damage caused by artificial intelligence, it is necessary to consolidate the responsibilities and obligations of subjects such as local party committees and governments, science and technology enterprises, and frontline functional departments, improve rights protection and relief mechanisms, and smooth channels for public supervision and feedback. In response to the human-machine collaboration dilemma in social governance, it is necessary to explore the establishment of a dynamic, tiered, and category-based human-machine control authority allocation mechanism, while clarifying the final review and decision-making responsibilities of relevant governance subjects.

Empowering social governance with artificial intelligence is a profound transformation. While fully releasing the potential of empowerment, it is necessary to adhere to bottom-line thinking, ensure that the empowerment of social governance by artificial intelligence always advances in a beneficial, safe, and fair direction, and inject a steady stream of intelligent momentum into advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.

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Reshaping the Development Paradigm of the Intelligent Industry with the Concept of Green Development

By: 陈桂生

At present, artificial intelligence has already become the core driving force for the development of new quality productive forces. Along with the accelerated iteration of intelligent technologies and the all-domain expansion of application scenarios, the continuous training of large models, the high-frequency operation of intelligent reasoning, and the normalized operation of computing power clusters are driving the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the artificial intelligence industry to keep rising. The drawbacks of the crude, extensive development model of traditional scale expansion are becoming increasingly prominent, becoming a realistic bottleneck constraining the sustainable development of the intelligent industry.

From the perspective of practice, there exists in the development of the intelligent industry a path inertia that emphasizes scale expansion while neglecting energy efficiency governance, and emphasizes scenario implementation while neglecting green transformation. Problems such as crude data utilization, redundant algorithm operation, and imbalanced computing power layout are intertwined and superimposed, causing ineffective losses of digital resources and electric energy, and forming a development tension between technological innovation empowerment and ecological low-carbon protection. Green is the distinctive background color of high-quality development. Promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of artificial intelligence is by no means restricting technological innovation and industrial expansion, but rather reshaping the development paradigm of the intelligent industry with the concept of green development.

Focusing on the three core supports of artificial intelligence — data, algorithms, and computing power — we should build a whole-chain endogenous energy-saving and carbon-reduction system, and take the practice of data frugality, low-carbon algorithms, and intensive and quality-improving computing power as the starting point to address the challenge of high energy consumption in artificial intelligence. While continuously releasing the empowering effect of "artificial intelligence +" and activating new momentum for the digital economy, we should scientifically coordinate the dialectical relationship between development and protection, firmly hold the bottom line of green and low-carbon development, and build a new ecosystem for the intelligent industry that is intensive, efficient, safe, stable, and sustainable.

Practice the concept of data frugality through refined data governance, and solve the crux of high energy consumption in artificial intelligence from the source. Data is the core factor of production. Crude models of data collection, training, and operation and maintenance have caused artificially inflated energy consumption in artificial intelligence. To practice the concept of green development, we must replace crude resource consumption with refined whole-life-cycle management and control, and compress ineffective energy consumption from the source.

Improve the whole-process data management and control system, and run standardized procedures such as cleaning and screening, precise annotation, quality inspection and verification, and sample alignment throughout the entire process of data production and application. Relying on technical means such as intelligent evaluation and meta-learning intelligent screening, we should precisely eliminate distorted, duplicated, inefficient, and useless low-quality samples, greatly reducing the computing power loss caused by ineffective training. In light of differentiated application scenarios such as industrial upgrading, grassroots governance, and livelihood services, we should tackle key technologies such as data augmentation and intelligent proportioning, and customize the development of specialized datasets with high knowledge density and high scenario adaptability, effectively avoiding the resource waste of using great talent for a small task (大材小用, da cai xiao yong - "big, material, small, use") when general-purpose models are applied in lightweight scenarios.

Proactively abandon the crude development mindset of "data scale supremacy," flexibly apply lightweight technologies such as core-set screening, dataset distillation, and synthetic data substitution, and, on the premise of stabilizing the core performance of models, streamline redundant samples and compress training volume. In addition, optimize data storage and transmission models, promote warm, cold, and hot tiered storage, intelligent archiving, and new coding and compression technologies, precisely match data access patterns, reduce storage energy consumption, and alleviate transmission pressure; through whole-chain quality and efficiency improvement, maximize the value of data resources and fundamentally resolve the high-energy-consumption problem caused by crude data utilization.

Reshape the intelligent operation logic through lightweight algorithm innovation, and break through the bottleneck of high energy consumption in artificial intelligence from the core. Algorithms are the core of the efficient operation of artificial intelligence. At present, mainstream general-purpose algorithms generally suffer from problems such as overly broad architecture, redundant logic, and overloaded fault-tolerance mechanisms. Such algorithms take all-domain scenario adaptation as their design goal, with wide coverage but weak targeting, resulting in problems of repeated computation and ineffective deduction in the process of model training and reasoning. Even if the supply of source resources is optimized through data quality improvement, if the algorithm operation logic fails to be iteratively upgraded in tandem, the overall energy-saving and carbon-reduction effectiveness will be difficult to fully release, constraining the deepening of the green transformation of the intelligent industry.

To implement the requirements of low-carbon development for artificial intelligence, we must focus on the iterative innovation of the algorithm core, and reshape an efficient and low-carbon intelligent computing system through lightweight, scenario-based, and precise transformation. Continuously optimize the basic algorithm architecture, systematically sort out the cumbersome processes and redundant modules of traditional algorithms, streamline ineffective reasoning chains, rectify inefficient computing logic, simplify complex deduction architectures, completely reverse the crude computing paradigm, and consolidate the foundation for energy saving and consumption reduction at the algorithm level. Adhere to scenario adaptation and on-demand empowerment, promote the gradual transformation of general-purpose algorithms toward specialization and customization, and precisely match the task complexity and precision requirements of different scenarios. Establish an operation mechanism for dynamic adaptation among algorithm computing intensity, reasoning precision, and application scenarios, effectively solving prominent problems such as excessive computation and idle resource consumption of general-purpose algorithms in segmented scenarios.

Deeply cultivate innovation in lightweight algorithm technologies, integrate and apply cutting-edge technologies such as intelligent reasoning acceleration, dynamic scheduling, and model sparsification, and continuously compress the operation loss of the entire process. On the basis of stabilizing the quality of intelligent services and strengthening the effectiveness of industrial empowerment, we should reduce the energy consumption of algorithm operation to the greatest extent, promote the deep coupling and coordinated progress of artificial intelligence technology iteration and green and low-carbon development, and build a solid core technical support for the low-carbon development of the intelligent industry.

Optimize the allocation of hardware resources through intensive computing power coordination, and consolidate the foundation for the low-carbon development of artificial intelligence from the carrier. Computing power is the hardware carrier for the landing and operation of artificial intelligence. At present, the layout of computing power infrastructure urgently needs scientific planning; the problem of duplicate construction exists, resource utilization efficiency is on the low side, and the operation and maintenance model is crude. Coupled with problems such as computing power islands and idle equipment, these cause idle waste of computing power resources, continuously push up the overall carbon emission intensity of the artificial intelligence industry, and become a hardware shortcoming constraining the green and high-quality development of the intelligent industry.

To practice the concept of green development and solve the dilemma of high energy consumption in artificial intelligence, we must rely on the national integrated computing power network and the "East Data, West Computing" national strategy, and promote the intensive coordination, green quality improvement of computing power resources with systematic thinking. Coordinate the layout of computing power from an all-domain development perspective, integrate scattered existing computing power resources in various regions, comprehensively clean up and rectify inefficient and idle computing power projects, strictly control disorderly new construction and homogeneous duplicate construction, promote the large-scale and clustered layout of computing power facilities, and avoid ineffective consumption of hardware resources from the source. Accelerate the iterative upgrading of the operation and maintenance system of data centers, optimize the hardware architecture of computer rooms, intelligent temperature control systems, and whole-process energy consumption management and control mechanisms, rely on intelligent operation and maintenance means to precisely regulate the operating status of equipment, and normalize the reduction of energy consumption of computing power infrastructure.

Deeply promote the precise adaptation of computing power load and green energy endowment, rely on the advantages of abundant clean energy such as wind energy and solar energy in the western region, orderly guide high-energy-consumption computing power tasks to be relocated to the west, continuously increase the proportion of green electricity substitution in computing power operation, and build a new model of low-carbon computing power operation empowered by green electricity. Improve the all-domain intelligent scheduling system for computing power, build an integrated scheduling platform, establish an operation mechanism for on-demand allocation, off-peak operation, and dynamic circulation of computing power, fully revitalize existing computing power resources, improve the utilization efficiency of all-domain resources, comprehensively build an intensive, efficient, low-carbon, and safe computing power operation system, and consolidate the hardware foundation for the green transformation of artificial intelligence.

Based on the strategic deployment for the high-quality development of artificial intelligence during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, leading the transformation and upgrading of the intelligent industry with the concept of green development is an inevitable choice for cultivating green new quality productive forces and coordinating digital innovation and ecological protection. Promoting the formation of a transformation path integrating data quality improvement, algorithm optimization, and computing power intensification as a trinity deeply conforms to the endogenous development laws of artificial intelligence, and constructs a whole-chain energy-saving and carbon-reduction paradigm of source reduction, process efficiency improvement, and carrier empowerment. It not only breaks the fixed model of external constraints and passive emission reduction of traditional industries, but also realizes the normalized and long-term advancement of the green transformation of artificial intelligence.

This green development paradigm can both fully release the empowering value of the "artificial intelligence +" action, promote the deep integration of intelligent technology into key fields such as industrial upgrading, grassroots governance, and livelihood security, and continuously stimulate new momentum, and can also precisely solve the dilemma of high energy consumption in the development of artificial intelligence, steadily reducing industrial energy consumption and carbon emission intensity. In the new stage of development, continuously deepening the whole-chain green innovation of data, algorithms, and computing power, and precisely grasping the dialectical relationship between technological innovation and low-carbon development, can promote the complete farewell of China's artificial intelligence industry to the crude expansion model and its march toward a new stage of high-quality development that is intensive, efficient, quality-improving, and efficiency-enhancing.

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Leverage Party Building Strengths to Pool Development Momentum

In recent years, the Party Committee of Huaibei Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Huaibei Mining Group") has always adhered unwaveringly to the Party's leadership over state-owned enterprises, promoting the mutual integration and integrated development of political, ideological, organizational, talent, and disciplinary work with the enterprise's central work, and effectively using high-quality Party building to lead and guarantee the enterprise's high-quality development.

Forge Strong Political Loyalty and Steady the Helm of High-Quality Development

The Party Committee of Huaibei Mining Group has always kept in mind that state-owned enterprises are of the Party, running politics through the entire process of reform and development, integrating it into all aspects of corporate governance, and ensuring that enterprise development always advances along the correct direction.

First, firmly uphold the political direction. Strictly implement the "First Agenda" system and solidly carry out centralized education within the Party. Improve the closed-loop management mechanism of learning and research, deployment and implementation, and follow-up and effectiveness evaluation, ensuring that the Party Central Committee's major decisions and deployments take effect and produce results in Huaibei Mining Group. Advance the inclusion of Party building in the company charter, realize "two-way entry and cross-appointment," dynamically improve the "List of Matters for Deliberation and Discussion by the Party Committee in Advance" and the "Three Major and One Important" decision-making mechanism, and give full play to the Party Committee's leadership role of "setting the direction, managing the overall situation, and ensuring implementation." Implement list-based management of political supervision, carry out in-depth project-based and embedded supervision, focus on discovering and correcting political deviations, and ensure that enterprise development always advances along the correct direction.

Second, serve the overall strategic situation. Always bear in mind the "greatest concerns of the nation," resolutely shoulder the political responsibility of energy supply security, continuously optimize production organization, strengthen communication and coordination with relevant enterprises, and complete the energy supply guarantee tasks for the "double peak" of winter and summer energy use to a high standard. Conscientiously implement the national "dual carbon" strategy, establish a leading group for energy conservation and carbon reduction headed by the top Party and government leaders, and build a "plan + system + platform" whole-chain management and control system. As of now, 16 units under the group have passed ISO50001 energy management system certification, and more than 70 energy-saving technological transformation projects cover the entire chain of coal, electric power, and chemicals. Explore and establish a "four-in-one" mine ecological restoration and governance system of "planning alignment and coordination, local-enterprise co-governance and linkage, innovation factor-driven, and ecological achievement sharing." Actively integrate into the Yangtze River Delta integrated development strategy, seize the major opportunity of industrial transfer from developed regions, unswervingly promote high-quality development, with the group's total assets exceeding 100 billion yuan and remaining among China's Top 500 Enterprises for 24 consecutive years.

Third, deepen reform and development. Solidly carry out the three-year action for SOE reform and the deepening and upgrading action, decisively dispose of "two non-" and "two idle" assets, continuously reduce the number of legal entity levels, fully roll out the term system and contractual management for managers, and Huasu Co., Ltd. and Jinyan Kaolin New Materials have successively been listed on the A-share and H-share markets. Focus on the main responsibility and main business, and give full play to the "three major roles" of scientific and technological innovation, industrial control, and safety support. Adhere to the principle that no one means safety and fewer people means safety; except for mines with depleted resources, all have been built into intelligent mines; comprehensively promote "unmanned excavation working faces," take the lead in the province in using shield machines to excavate underground roadways, with a cumulative shield tunneling distance exceeding 47,000 meters.

Adhere to Uniting Hearts and Forging Souls, and Pool the Strength for High-Quality Development

The Party Committee of Huaibei Mining Group upholds fundamental principles and breaks new ground in strengthening ideological and political work, promoting the Party's innovative theories to go deep into the front line, deep into employees, and deep into people's hearts, using ideological unity to promote concerted action and cultural identity to pool development synergy.

First, strengthen theoretical arming. Continuously improve the learning system of the Party Committee's theoretical learning center group, deepen and solidify mechanisms such as "double random" learning exchanges, attendance by observers, and carrying out tasks with research topics, and continuously use the Party's innovative theories to unify thought, unify will, and unify action. Improve the "5+N" theoretical propaganda pattern, build and strengthen propaganda teams of Party member cadres, red figures, model workers and craftsmen, youth lecturer groups, and women's propaganda speakers, solidly carry out propaganda and publicity that is down-to-earth, full of vitality, and full of warmth, and promote the Party's innovative theories to deeply impress and make them understood (入脑入心, ru nao ru xin - "enter, brain, enter, heart"). Make good use of the "New Era Six-Foot Lane Work Method," polish the "Spring Breeze Full of 'Huai'" ideological and political work brand, and deepen the "three advances" project of advancing into work teams, into dormitories, and into hearts, smoothing employees' emotions and untangling their mental knots.

Second, strengthen mainstream public opinion. Build a "six-in-one" propaganda front of newspaper, television, website, microblog/WeChat, client, and screen, implement the "Hundred-Thousand-Ten Thousand" plan for news publicity, tell the Huaikuang story well, and spread the Huaikuang voice. Focus on important annual work, major activities, and important nodes, carefully plan publicity plans, and pool people's hearts and gather strength for high-quality development. Practice the core socialist values, select and publicize advanced models, produce and broadcast the "Role Models" series of special films, compile and print the "Power of the Spirit" series of books, create a new spiritual outlook and cultivate a new trend of civilization. Tighten and consolidate the responsibility for ideological work, deeply advance the "three major actions" in the ideological field, continuously advance the construction of the "Clear and Bright 365" online public opinion management and control system, strengthen public opinion guidance and supervision, and resolutely guard the line of ideological security.

Third, cultivate corporate culture. Carefully cultivate the "Huaikuang People · Happy Family" family culture with the core connotation of "one family, one heart, working together, and certain to win," implement the "One Heart Huaikuang · United Front in Action" united front brand building, educate people with virtue and cultivate people with culture, twist employees into a single rope, and inject profound spiritual momentum into high-quality development. Always firmly establish the core safety concept of "life is supreme, safety is always first, and responsibility is heavier than Mount Tai," adhere to the principle that strict management is deep care and deep care must be strict management, promote cadres' standardized management and employees' standardized operation; adhere to the principle that safety is above all, more important than all, and prior to all, and when safety conflicts with production and operation, resolutely adopt the "three concessions and four stops" measures of production giving way to safety, footage giving way to safety, benefits giving way to safety, and stopping headings, stopping faces, stopping mines, and stopping cadres. Forge and cultivate an execution culture of "one order, full implementation to completion," pay attention to giving play to the demonstration and leading role of the "key minority," and actively create a strong atmosphere of revitalizing the enterprise through hard work and taking on responsibilities.

Tighten the Organizational System and Consolidate the Foundation of High-Quality Development

The Party Committee of Huaibei Mining Group has always regarded grassroots Party organizations as the advantage and strength of high-quality development, firmly established a clear orientation of focusing on the grassroots, conscientiously implemented the Party's organizational line in the new era, and persisted unremittingly in grasping the grassroots, strengthening the foundation, and consolidating the fundamentals.

First, consolidate the foundation. Deepen the "six brighten" project of brightening the Party flag and Party emblem, brightening the Party's positions, brightening the Party's voice, brightening the Party's activities, brightening the Party's honors, and brightening the Party building brand, and promote the principle that wherever the enterprise develops, Party building covers it. Around the "five good" goals, design tiered creation standards, deeply advance the "creating stars and competing for stars" activity, guide grassroots Party branches to climb step by step and compete for five-star status in tiers, promote the expansion of advanced branches from the "minority" to the "majority," and a total of 15 Party organizations have been rated as advanced grassroots Party organizations of provincial state-owned enterprises. Normalize the "consultation" of Party building, quarterly research, and rectification of backward Party organizations, achieve full dynamic compliance of 660 Party organizations, and promote the comprehensive progress and comprehensive excellence of grassroots Party organizations.

Second, cultivate and strengthen the team. Deeply implement the "Hundred-Thousand-Ten Thousand" project for Party branch secretaries and Party member teams, actively carry out the "Ten Thousand Party Members Forge Loyalty and Make New Contributions" and Party members' "shouldering the banner" actions, and through the tiered training system of "leading geese guiding, strong geese reserving, and a flock of geese flying together," strive to cultivate a hundred star secretaries, reserve a thousand reserve secretaries, and forge ten thousand Party member vanguards. Four Party members have successively been elected as delegates to the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th National Congresses of the Party; since the 14th Five-Year Plan, one Party member has been rated as a National Outstanding Communist Party Member, and 24 Party members have been rated as Outstanding Communist Party Members and Outstanding Party Affairs Workers of provincial state-owned enterprises. Normalize political training, skills drilling, and "political birthday" education, promote Party affairs cadres to understand business and business cadres to understand Party affairs, making Party branch secretaries the backbone and the majority of Party members the pillars. Do a good job in developing Party members, in accordance with the general requirements of "controlling the total number, optimizing the structure, improving quality, and giving play to the role," adhere to putting political standards first, highlight "dual cultivation and three priorities," continuously improve the quality of Party member development, and optimize the structure of the Party member team.

Third, create brands. Deeply carry out the "leading" plan for Party building work and the creation of "one Party committee, one brand; one branch, one feature," guide grassroots Party organizations to base themselves on their own actual work, actively explore the entry points and combination points of Party building work and central work, and strive to create a number of Party building brands with high recognition and strong effectiveness. Thirteen Party branches have successively entered the demonstration library and cultivation library of the provincial SASAC's "leading" plan. Deeply advance the "Party building +" value creation brand, establish topics around the key and difficult points of safety production, operation management, project construction, reform and innovation, and people's livelihood and well-being, establish a "secretary-led project" mechanism, and promote the formation of a role-playing system of "secretary leading and handling, advancing and supervising, branch tackling difficulties, and Party members charging forward," testing the effectiveness of Party building work with the actual results of solving difficult problems. Actively build a Party building co-construction brand, externally carry out Party building co-construction with strategic partners such as Baosteel Co., Ltd., promoting mutual learning of experience and mutual promotion of development; internally form collaborative zones, promote joint team building, shared resources, linked business, and joint brand creation, and comprehensively improve the vitality of Party building work.

Adhere to Strengthening the Enterprise with Talents and Activate the Source of High-Quality Development

The Party Committee of Huaibei Mining Group has always regarded talent as the first resource, deeply advanced the strategy of strengthening the enterprise with talents, promoted the deep integration of the talent chain with the industrial chain and the innovation chain, and injected "living water from the source" into high-quality development.

First, build a high-level management team. Implement the "Local Entrepreneur 1030 Talent Plan," focus on cultivating 10 leading well-known entrepreneurs and 30 growth-oriented young entrepreneurs, select and send backbone personnel in batches to the Yangtze River Delta and the Greater Bay Area for experiential training to broaden their horizons; adhere to the market-oriented orientation and precisely introduce "high-end, precise, cutting-edge, and scarce" talents. Highlight strategic reserves, build a "four-dimensional linkage" talent identification mechanism of online democratic recommendation, grassroots recommendation, departmental recommendation, and daily research, dynamically refresh the database of outstanding young cadres, rigidly implement the proportion requirement for young cadres among newly promoted personnel, and ensure that there are successors. Vigorously promote exchange-based training, plan every year to promote talents to gain experience across specialties, across sectors, and across regions, and focus on cultivating versatile compound talents. Deepen the "three-in-one" supervision mechanism of interviews, warnings, and withdrawal, regularly integrate multi-dimensional information on safety, operation, discipline inspection, and inspections to accurately "portray" cadres, resolutely adjust cadres who are unsuitable for their current positions, promote the normalization of being able to go up and down, and build a cadre team that understands management, knows how to operate, is good at decision-making, and has a strong work style.

Second, build a high-level technical team. Implement the "Outstanding Engineer 513 Talent Plan," focus on cultivating 50 leading engineers, 100 top-notch engineers, and 300 elite engineers, build a three-level echelon of leading, top-notch, and elite, and consolidate the talent foundation for innovative development. Adhere to training talents in major research projects, deepen mechanisms such as "posting challenges and claiming tasks" and "project leader system" for innovation and efficiency, let talents play the leading role and be the protagonists in tackling key core technologies, and the group has made substantial breakthroughs in technological innovation in key fields such as coal mining and gas control, successively hosting the 20th International Coalbed Methane Symposium and the National On-Site Promotion Meeting for Coal Mine Gas Control, with the "1+2" gas control model being promoted to the industry. Deepen the "Hundred Talents" training plan, implement the "college graduate team officer" project solidly, and guide college graduates to take root at the front line and strengthen themselves. Implement the "dual contact" system of leading cadres contacting outstanding talents and the Organization Department director contacting college graduates, open up the "green growth channel" for young talents, and let all kinds of technical talents have a platform, space, and prospects for development in the enterprise.

Third, build a high-quality skilled workforce. Implement the "High-Skilled Talent 1511 Plan," focus on cultivating 10 master craftsmen, 50 craftsmen, 10 special-grade and chief technicians, and 1,000 senior workers, smooth career development channels, and horizontally break through growth barriers; vigorously implement the craftsman construction action, fully implement the "new eight-grade worker" system, normalize the evaluation and appointment of special-grade technicians and chief technicians, and break the "ceiling" of skilled talent growth. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, one person won the honorary title of "Great Craftsman of the Nation," five people were selected as "Jianghuai Outstanding Craftsmen," six people were rated as "Anhui Craftsmen," and 167 people won gold and silver medals in provincial-level and above skills competitions. Firmly establish the orientation of "those with high skills get more," implement the "craftsman annual salary system," and let first-class craftsmen receive high salaries. Make good use of carriers such as craftsman colleges and master studios, rely on the "Huaikuang Training Live Broadcast Room" to explore new smart training models such as digital twins and AI sparring partners, empower skills improvement with technology, and cultivate more skilled craftsmen and great craftsmen of the nation.

Strictly Rectify Work Style and Discipline, and Consolidate the Dike of High-Quality Development

The Party Committee of Huaibei Mining Group has always maintained the sobriety and firmness of "taking the examination," adhered to putting strictness first and being strict to the end, putting discipline first and supervision throughout the entire process, and through systematic governance and treating both symptoms and root causes simultaneously (标本兼治, biao ben jian zhi - "symptom, root, both, treat") to rectify work style, enforce discipline, and combat corruption, continuously cultivate a clean and upright political ecology, and escort the enterprise's steady and long-term development.

First, promote the "five responsibilities" linkage in an integrated manner. Improve the "five responsibilities" through-connection and linkage mechanism of the Party committee's primary responsibility for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, the commission for discipline inspection's supervision responsibility, the Party committee secretary's responsibility as the first responsible person, the team members' "one post with dual responsibilities," and the functional departments' functional supervision responsibility, refine the "two lists" of responsibilities and tasks, and promote full coverage of subjects and a complete chain of responsibilities. Coordinate the promotion of the "three inspections" of the commission for discipline inspection's "daily physical examination," the audit's "economic physical examination," and the inspection's "political physical examination," and build a normalized, long-term, collaborative, and efficient supervision system; the group's commission for discipline inspection has been rated "excellent" in the assessment of the provincial commission for discipline inspection and supervision for 7 consecutive years, and the audit department has been rated "National Advanced Collective for Internal Audit."

Second, punish corruption without a moment's pause. Closely focus on key areas and key links such as engineering construction, bidding and tendering, and material procurement and sales, and severely crack down on violations of discipline and law such as collusion between internal and external parties, benefit transfer, and damaging public interests for private gain. Incorporate the protection of employees' legitimate rights and interests into the management red line, normalize the special actions of "big cleaning" of "small and micro corruption" and "big rectification" of employee rights protection, and the trade union and the commission for discipline inspection work together to cut off the "black hands" reaching into employees' interests. Adhere to promoting reform through cases and promoting governance through cases, find loopholes, make up shortcomings, and establish systems from cases, and promote the transformation of supervision results into governance effectiveness. Normalize warning education and family style construction, highlight the integrity education for key groups such as young cadres, newly promoted cadres, and cadres in key positions, compile and print typical cases of violations of discipline and law and confessions, produce the "Mirror" series of warning education films, use things around us to alert people around us, and guide Party member cadres to know awe, maintain fear, and hold the bottom line. Deepen the "five integrity co-education" sunshine integrity culture construction, further consolidate ideological consensus, promote good customs, and continuously inject "integrity momentum" into high-quality development.

Third, rectify the "Four Malfeasances" strictly to the end. Deeply implement the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulation of the Central Committee, improve and perfect the closed-loop mechanism of "investigation, accountability, warning, and rectification," rely on the "Digital Seeing Clean Governance" supervision platform to provide real-time warnings on high-risk points, and persevere and never give up (锲而不舍, qie er bu she - "carve, and, not, abandon") in rectifying the "Four Malfeasances" problems. Deepen the simultaneous investigation and governance of work style and corruption, regularly carry out situation analysis and "look back" on rectification, resolutely prevent rebound and resurgence, and effectively promote the deepening and solidification of work style construction with a strict tone, strict measures, and strict atmosphere. Focus on common work style problems such as "Buddhist-style" and "lying flat" attitudes and picking easy tasks over hard ones, increase the intensity of supervision, discipline enforcement, and accountability, and force cadres to actively take on responsibilities. Resolutely rectify formalism and bureaucratism, solidly advance the construction of "five-type" organs of service-oriented, efficiency-oriented, integrity-oriented, innovation-oriented, and clean-oriented, coordinate and standardize "supervision, inspection, and assessment," put an end to layer-by-layer escalation and excessive record-keeping, and effectively reduce burdens and empower the grassroots.

(Party Committee of Huaibei Mining (Group) Co., Ltd.)

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Build a Full-Chain "Attract, Cultivate, Utilize, Retain" Mechanism to Bolster Talent Support for High-Quality Development

By: 孙继琼　晏飞

Strengthening the building of the talent workforce is both an objective need for the high-quality development of enterprises and an inevitable requirement for enhancing their core competitiveness. In recent years, Sichuan China Tobacco Industrial Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "the Company") has firmly established the concept that talent resources are the primary resource, deeply implemented the "talent-strengthening enterprise" strategy, taken the construction of the "four channels" for employee growth as the key lever, and continuously done a good job in the whole chain of "introducing, cultivating, utilizing, and retaining" talent, ensuring that all kinds of talent can be introduced, cultivated, utilized well, and retained, injecting a living source of talent into the high-quality development of the enterprise.

Precisely "Introducing Talent" to Strengthen the Talent Workforce

Introducing talent is the starting point of talent work. The competition among enterprises is, in the final analysis, competition for talent. At present, the new round of global technological revolution and industrial transformation is flourishing and still growing (方兴未艾, fang xing wei ai - "direction, still, not, end"), and competition for high-level innovative talent is becoming increasingly fierce. Whoever can cultivate and attract more outstanding talent will be able to gain an advantage in competition. The Company has aimed at "introducing talent" as the "first move" in talent work, based on the needs of the enterprise's high-quality development, precisely drawn the blueprint for talent introduction, adhered to targeted efforts and introducing talent according to needs, actively built a multi-channel, multi-level talent introduction system, and enriched the "reservoir" of the talent workforce.

Adhere to introducing talent according to needs. The Company closely follows the needs of development, abandons the traditional talent introduction model of casting a wide net (广撒网, guang sa wang - "wide, scatter, net"), focuses on the three major strategic tasks, systematically sorts out the professional distribution and structural shortcomings of the existing talent workforce, precisely draws an "industrial talent map" subdivided down to enterprise positions, scientifically analyzes employment needs in conjunction with the business development needs of various departments and units, and coordinates the annual recruitment plan. In 2025, the Company publicly recruited 170 employees from society, covering multiple categories including management, technology, and skills; at the same time, it conducted special recruitment of doctoral students to fill professional and technical positions such as fermentation technology, cultivation and sun-curing, achieving a precise match between talent and positions.

Expand talent introduction channels. Based on enterprise development and position needs, the Company focuses on the three levels of "high-end talent, urgently needed talent, and reserve talent," actively expands the diversified channels of "gathering talent through scientific research platforms + introducing talent through school-enterprise cooperation + recruiting talent through public channels," strengthens talent introduction, and builds a "strong magnetic field" for talent aggregation. Relying on scientific research and innovation platforms such as the national post-doctoral scientific research workstation, the academician workstation, the Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory, and the special filter rod engineering research center to introduce talent, in 2025 and 2026, a total of 2 high-end talents were introduced through the post-doctoral scientific research workstation. Reserve talent is mainly introduced through campus recruitment, and in 2026, 140 college graduates were recruited, further consolidating the reservoir of reserve talent.

Systematically "Cultivating Talent" to Improve the Quality of the Talent Workforce

Cultivating talent is the core of talent work. Focusing on continuously deepening the reform of the talent development system and mechanism in the industry, and accelerating the cultivation of urgently needed and scarce talent to promote high-quality development and modernization of the industry, the Company focuses on the growth patterns of different types of talent, makes efforts in "building a gradient cultivation system and innovating training methods and approaches," and promotes the transformation of talent cultivation work from "basic construction" to "systematic reshaping," and from "single-point cultivation" to "comprehensive cultivation."

Establish a gradient cultivation system. Based on the actual situation of the talent workforce, and targeting the characteristics and needs of employees at different levels, in different sequences, and at different development stages, the Company scientifically builds a gradient training system of "section-level cadres + young cadres + technical talent." For section-level cadres, emphasis is placed on professional cultivation, comprehensively enhancing their political literacy and optimizing their knowledge system. For young cadres, the Company adheres to "learn what you do, make up for what you lack," helping them quickly adapt to their positions. For example, the Chengdu Factory has formulated a special cultivation system for young employees born in the 1990s, establishing a "3110" new employee cultivation system, namely setting a 3-month market research period, a 1-year workshop practice period, and planning a 10-year career, cultivating a fertile ground for growth. For technical talent, a normalized skill improvement mechanism is established, relying on the technology innovation center, and through large-scale academic activities such as the academician expert lecture hall and the biotechnology forum, promoting knowledge sharing, intellectual collision, and scientific research innovation.

Innovate diversified training methods. Closely following talent training needs and oriented toward improving training effectiveness, the Company actively promotes the transformation of training methods from "one-way indoctrination and flood irrigation" to "precise drip irrigation and practical training," and innovatively launches training methods such as "mentor-led training + competition-training combination + production-training integration." Among them, the "mentor-led training" method mainly involves experienced mentors conducting "one-on-one" teaching aimed at employees' shortcomings, precisely solving practical difficulties. The "competition-training combination" model aims to organize various skill competitions and post training activities, promoting learning through competition and practice through competition. To further enhance the effectiveness of the "competition-training combination," the Company actively promotes the expansion of competition fields from equipment maintenance to rating, inspection, filter rod forming, and manual rolling, and the scope of participation extends from within the enterprise to cross-provincial and cross-enterprise, forming a good situation of "everyone striving to be advanced, everyone creating outstanding achievements." In 2025, 13 special-grade technicians were exceptionally appointed through skill competitions, the youngest of whom was 25 years old. The "production-training integration" model integrates high-quality resources to jointly build skill training bases, and jointly cultivates skilled talent through an integrated platform of "base training, enterprise practice, and post achievement."

Scientifically "Utilizing Talent" to Stimulate the Potential of the Talent Workforce

Utilizing talent is the key to talent work. The Company adheres to the principle of utilization as the foundation and scientific utilization of talent, and by building platforms for undertaking work and starting businesses and optimizing the talent evaluation mechanism, enables all kinds of talent to fully display their strengths in suitable positions, injecting strong momentum into the high-quality development of the enterprise.

Build the "four channels" for employee growth. The recommendations of the 15th Five-Year Plan propose "accelerating the building of national strategic talent forces, and cultivating and bringing forth more strategic scientists, leading scientific and technological talents, outstanding engineers, master craftsmen of the nation, and high-skilled talents and other kinds of talent." Based on the actual situation of the talent workforce, the Company divides talent types from multiple dimensions, precisely depicts portraits of various kinds of talent, and actively builds four employee growth channels of "management, technology, skills, and outstanding employees," so that those who want to do things can see hope, and those who can do things have a stage. Among them, the "management channel" is oriented toward the administrative management sequence, with promotion through mechanisms such as cadre selection and appointment. The "technology channel" is oriented toward positions such as engineering technology and scientific research, with development through mechanisms such as professional and technical post appointment and selection of discipline leaders. The "skills channel" is oriented toward production operation positions, with growth through platforms such as chief technicians, skill master studios, and vocational skill competitions. The "outstanding employee channel" pays attention to the growth needs of diligent and dedicated employees, motivating them by increasing special fixed performance pay to affirm their contributions. In 2025, rewards to outstanding employees who obtained scientific and technological awards, invention patents, and improved academic qualifications or professional titles amounted to more than 7 million yuan.

Build an evaluation mechanism that allows "promotion and demotion." Focusing on unifying strict management and supervision with encouraging responsibility and action, and motivating all employees to achieve great feats and establish a career (建功立业, jian gong li ye - "build, merit, establish, career") in promoting high-quality development and modernization of the industry, the Company adheres to implementing both reform and construction simultaneously (破立并举, po li bing ju - "break, establish, together, lift"), takes the points-based appointment system as the core lever, shifts talent evaluation from vague qualitative assessment to precise quantitative assessment, and forms a dynamic competitive pattern of "promotion and demotion." The points-based appointment system includes innovation achievements, mentoring and skill transmission, etc., in the points category, uses points to refine the quantitative standards for "promotion and demotion," and appoints outstanding talents who meet the points conditions and possess the ability to perform their duties to corresponding positions. On the "promotion" end, talents with high points rankings obtain appointment and corresponding treatment, forming positive incentives; on the "demotion" end, an exit mechanism for those with low points rankings is set up, forming negative pressure. Appointment implements dynamic management, and upon expiration of the appointment period, points are re-evaluated; those whose points decline naturally exit their positions, so that "promotion" has standards and "demotion" has a basis, truly realizing a dynamic competitive pattern where positions depend on competition and promotion depends on contribution.

Warmly "Retaining Talent" to Consolidate the Joint Force of the Talent Workforce

Retaining talent is the guarantee of talent work. Focusing on creating an environment that recognizes, cherishes, respects, utilizes, and retains talent, the Company runs the concept of "proactive service and full-process service" throughout its work, strives to improve the "talent retention" system, optimize the "talent retention" atmosphere, and enables all kinds of talent to settle down at ease and continue to contribute in the enterprise.

Improve the "talent retention" system. The Company takes institutional construction as the core support for "talent retention," and for the employee growth management system, strives to build a matching institutional system. It formulated the "Guiding Opinions on Employee Growth and Career Development," and takes it as the overarching and leading system, clarifying the management philosophy, overall principles, and design direction of employee career development. At the same time, it builds a compensation system supporting the "four channels" of employee growth, adhering to the principle of tilting income distribution toward key positions in the main business, toward production frontline or urgently needed high-level and high-skilled talent, strengthening positive incentives and negative activation. In practice, the Shifang Factory links technical titles and skill levels to position income, basically achieving the goal of getting more rewards for more work (多劳多得, duo lao duo de - "many, labor, many, get") and getting more for higher skills in performance pay. The Mianyang Factory explores the establishment of a mechanism for naming technical achievements, operating methods, and management methods after employees, so that the innovative contributions of talent are fully recognized and respected.

Optimize the "talent retention" atmosphere. A good development environment is the key to retaining and utilizing talent. The Company adheres to taking humanistic care and cultural leadership as important levers for "talent retention," actively builds a "family culture" system, creates a good atmosphere of respecting and caring for talent, infuses the corporate culture of "integrity and open-mindedness, wisdom and subtlety" into the construction of the "family culture," strives to build a home for employees, and helps the Company successively obtain honors such as "National Civilized Unit," "Sichuan Province May 1st Labor Certificate," and "Sichuan Province Model Unit for Open and Democratic Management of Factory Affairs." In response to the urgent difficulties and concerns of employees, the Company actively implements the employee care project, sets up "Mommy and Baby Rooms" and "Employee Fitness Rooms," implements care and love activities such as "Sending Warmth in Winter," "Midnight Action," and "Sending Coolness in Summer," increases visits and condolences to employees in difficulty, and continuously creates a good atmosphere of "peaceful work, peaceful life, and peace of mind" for talent.

[The authors are respectively a professor of the Sichuan Provincial Party School (School of Administration); and the Director of the Human Resources Department of Sichuan China Tobacco Industrial Co., Ltd.]

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Red resources are the enduring source of strength for the century-old Party

By: 肖发生

"Make Good Use of Red Resources, Carry Forward the Red Bloodline, and Strive to Create New Achievements Worthy of History and the People" is an important speech delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping on June 25, 2021, when he presided over the 31st group study session of the Political Bureau of the 19th Central Committee, and is included in Volume II of Selected Cultural Works of Xi Jinping. This important document, grounded in the grand perspective of the Party's century-long struggle, connects history, reality, and the future, profoundly elucidating the scientific connotation of red resources, the requirements of the times for carrying forward the red bloodline, and the effective paths for making good use of red resources, providing ideological guidance and action guidelines for making good use of red resources, inheriting the red gene, carrying forward the red bloodline, and creating new historical achievements in the new era.

Red resources are the testimony of our Party's arduous and glorious struggle

Red is the most vivid background color of the Communist Party of China and the People's Republic of China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping's footsteps have traversed revolutionary sacred sites, red historical sites, and revolutionary history memorial venues, repeatedly emphasizing the need to make good use of red resources, carry forward red traditions, and inherit the red gene. In this important document, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out that "red resources are the testimony of our Party's arduous and glorious struggle." To understand red resources is to understand the Communist Party of China's suffering and glory, its original aspiration and founding mission, and its struggle and responsibility.

Viewed from the century-long history, the history of the Communist Party of China is a history of serving the people through unwavering practice of the original aspiration and founding mission, a history of arduous exploration in hardships and toil in starting a cause (筚路蓝缕, bi lu lan lu - "thorny, path, blue, mulberry") to lay the foundation and establish the cause, and a history of pioneering and forging ahead to create brilliance and open up the future. Revolutionary sites, historical relics, documentary materials, red stories, and heroic deeds across the land of China are widely distributed like stars in the sky (星罗棋布, xing luo qi bu - "stars, array, chess, cloth"). In the most direct, vivid, and credible way, they faithfully record the footprints of struggle and great achievements of our Party along the way, confirming the inevitability of history and the people choosing the Communist Party of China, choosing Marxism, choosing the socialist road, and choosing reform and opening up. They are the solid historical support for strengthening historical confidence and grasping historical initiative in the new era.

Viewed from the content they contain, red resources are never cold buildings, outdated cultural relics, or scattered historical materials, but rather spiritual carriers that bear the ideals and beliefs, original aspiration and founding mission, character and conduct of Chinese Communists. They contain the purest ideal pursuits, the deepest feelings for the people, the most fearless sense of mission and responsibility, and the most selfless sacrifice and dedication, converging into the red bloodline passed down from generation to generation by our Party — this is the concentrated embodiment of the political nature of the Communist Party of China.

Viewed from practical value, the red resources left by a century of struggle are our Party's vivid and living historical textbooks. They not only record the Party's glorious journey of the past, but also contain valuable historical experience in governing the Party, governing the country, governing the military, and undertaking endeavors. Revisiting those stirring years and reviewing the difficult journey the Party has traversed not only awakens the historical memory of contemporary Chinese Communists, but also makes us always remember where we came from and where we are going, always bear in mind what missions must be undertaken and what road must be upheld, and always walk the new Long March with the most sober historical consciousness.

Carry forward the red bloodline with the "five always uphold"

The red bloodline is the spiritual core tempered and sublimated from red resources, and the code of strength by which the century-old major Party remains in the prime of one's life or glory (风华正茂, feng hua zheng mao - "wind, flower, correct, flourishing") despite the vicissitudes of time and maintains endless and continuous vitality (生生不息, sheng sheng bu xi - "birth, birth, not, cease") despite enduring hardships. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the red bloodline is the source of spiritual strength for Chinese Communists in the new era. Embarking on the Long March of the new era, the more arduous the tasks and the more complex the situation, the more necessary it is to carry forward the red bloodline, draw spiritual nourishment, and use the Party's great achievements and glorious traditions, historical experience and practical creation to lead the Party's cause to continuously blaze new trails.

Always uphold scientific theoretical guidance. Marxism is the powerful ideological weapon for our Party to understand and transform the world. The most fundamental reason why the Communist Party of China has been able to endure countless hardships and dangers and continuously move from victory to victory is that it has always upheld Marxism as the fundamental guiding ideology for building the Party and the country and for rejuvenating the Party and the country, upheld the Two Integrations (两个结合), and continuously advanced the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism. To carry forward the red bloodline in the new era, the foremost task is to inherit the Party's fine tradition of advancing theoretical innovation with the times, to appreciate the power of truth, and to illuminate the path forward with the light of Marxist truth.

Always uphold ideals and beliefs. Ideals and beliefs are the spiritual calcium of Communists and the fundamental driving force supporting generations of Communists in advancing wave upon wave and continuing the struggle. It is precisely by virtue of ideals and beliefs as solid as a rock (坚如磐石, jian ru pan shi - "firm, like, rock, stone") that our Party has been able to be reborn in desperate situations, rise up in hardships, and move forward amid challenges. To carry forward the red bloodline in the new era is to draw immense power of faith from a century of red history, to build a solid foundation of faith, replenish spiritual calcium, and steady the helm of thought, to strengthen the Four Consciousnesses (四个意识), firm up the Four Confidences (四个自信), always maintain sober and steadfast political resolve, and on major issues of principle remain unwavering in stance, unswerving in direction, and unchanging in conviction.

Always uphold the original aspiration and founding mission. The people are the root of our Party's life, the foundation of its governance, and the source of its strength. Bearing in mind and practicing the original aspiration and founding mission of seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation is a red thread running through our Party's century-long history of struggle. The fundamental reason our Party has grown from small to large and from weak to strong is that it has always borne in mind the original aspiration and founding mission and faithfully practiced the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. To carry forward the red bloodline in the new era, we must uphold the principle that the country is the people and the people are the country, continuously deepen our understanding of the original aspiration and founding mission, always place the people at the highest position in our hearts, and take the people's aspiration for a better life as our goal of struggle.

Always uphold the glorious revolutionary tradition. Great causes nurture great spirits, and great spirits lead great causes. Generations of Chinese Communists, undaunted by difficulties and directly facing risks and challenges, have fought tenaciously and striven unremittingly, demonstrating a great spirit of historical initiative and building up the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists, which is the most vivid and surging spiritual form of the red bloodline. To walk the new Long March well in the new era, we will inevitably encounter new difficulties, obstacles, risks, and tests, requiring us to maintain a mental state of never slackening and always forging ahead, dare to face contradictions head-on, dare to tackle difficulties and overcome obstacles, be good at breaking new ground through innovation, and advance with high-spirited vigor toward the Second Centenary Goal.

Always uphold the advancement of self-revolution. Self-revolution is the second answer by which our Party has escaped the historical cycle of rise and fall, order and chaos. The reason the Communist Party of China is great lies precisely in that it has never concealed its ailments and avoided medical treatment, but has always faced problems with the courage to turn the blade inward and dared to carry out self-revolution. To carry forward the red bloodline in the new era, we must bear in mind that "to forge iron, one must be strong oneself," run the spirit of self-revolution through the entire process of Party building, always maintain the sobriety and resolve of one taking an examination, persistently advance full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, and ensure that the Party never changes its nature, never changes its color, and never changes its flavor, and always remains the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Protect, manage, and utilize red resources with heart, feeling, and effort

The red bloodline has forged a century of brilliance, and spiritual strength illuminates the journey of rejuvenation. In this important document, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that red resources are the most precious spiritual wealth and must be protected, managed, and utilized with heart, feeling, and effort. In the new era, making good use of red resources and carrying forward the red bloodline finds its foothold in protection, its key point in management, and its focus in utilization, with the ultimate destination being the creation of new achievements that live up to the expectations of revolutionary forebears and are worthy of history and the people.

Strengthen scientific protection and safeguard the red bloodline. As carriers of our Party's glorious history and revolutionary spirit, red resources possess distinctive qualities such as non-renewability and irreplaceability. The primary task of safeguarding the red bloodline is to scientifically protect red resources, take stock of the family assets, adopt targeted measures, adhere to combining rescue protection with preventive protection, protection of the main body with protection of the surrounding areas, and protection of individual sites with protection of site clusters, use modern scientific and technological means to preserve the "original historical appearance," and ensure the red bloodline is passed down forever.

Carry out systematic research and manage red resources well. Red resources are rich in connotation and involve multiple disciplines, requiring the integration of the strengths of Party schools, universities, cultural and museum institutions, and other parties, and, based on the theme, main line, mainstream, and essence of the Party's struggle of more than a century, conducting all-round, in-depth, and systematic research on the historical logic, spiritual core, and contemporary value behind red resources, excavating spiritual traits, and summarizing practical experience.

Create fine exhibitions and disseminate red culture well. Literature carries the Way, and culture transforms people. The key to disseminating red culture well is to uphold fundamental principles and break new ground. Upholding fundamental principles means adhering to the correct political direction and political stance, establishing a correct view of Party history, and grasping the ideological theme and value core of red culture. Breaking new ground means, based on the communication laws and audience characteristics of the new era, creating fine exhibitions with warmth, depth, and appeal through diverse means such as restoration of real scenes, detailed graphic explanations, display of physical objects, situational performances, and digital interaction, so as to make red resources "come alive."

Strengthen the educational function and cultivate fine inheritors of the red tradition. Educating people for the Party and cultivating talent for the country is the sacred mission of education. Red resources are high-quality educational resources that educate, inspire, and shape people. Making good use of red resources means promoting the normalization and long-term effectiveness of Party history learning and education, integrating the red bloodline into the entire process of ideological education for young people, integrating the red gene into the blood, casting it into the soul, and turning it into action, and consciously becoming inheritors of the red bloodline and strivers on the Long March of the new era.

Standing at a new historical starting point, we should protect the red roots with heart, manage red resources with effort, disseminate red culture with feeling, cultivate new people of the era, and with firm ideals and convictions, high-spirited striving posture, and pragmatic work style, forge ahead on the new journey, make contributions in the new era, and strive to create brand-new achievements worthy of historical glory, worthy of the people's expectations, and worthy of the great cause of national rejuvenation.

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Uphold Fundamental Principles and Break New Ground to Shape New Advantages in Basic Education

By: 胡秀荣

Basic education occupies a foundational and leading position within the national education system. At present, the deepening development of the scientific and technological revolution and the profound changes in our country's population structure have brought new challenges and raised new requirements for running basic education well. On the basis of having already achieved historic accomplishments and undergone transformative changes, how can we further uphold fundamental principles and break new ground to shape new advantages for basic education? The planning column of China Cadres Tribune (《中国党政干部论坛》) 2026, Issue No. 9, has invited experts and scholars to discuss this from different perspectives.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed education in a strategically prioritized position for development, leading and promoting historic accomplishments and transformative changes in basic education in the new era. How to understand the connotation of "transformative changes," and how to grasp their historical logic and future direction, are important topics that must be addressed in order to uphold fundamental principles and break new ground in shaping new advantages for basic education. Fan Wei (范唯), Director of the Bureau of Education Supervision of the Ministry of Education, points out in "Viewing the Transformative Changes in Basic Education in the New Era from the Perspective of Education Supervision" that the transformative changes in basic education are, in essence, the answer of the times to the fundamental question of "what kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom to cultivate them." The underlying logic is the fundamental return of educational values from "instrumental orientation" to "orientation toward the comprehensive development of the human person," and this return constitutes the analytical basis for understanding the transformative changes in basic education.

As the people's educational needs shift from "having access to schooling" to "receiving a good education," the focus of basic education development has correspondingly shifted from universal provision and basic equilibrium to expanding quality, improving standards, fairness, and excellence. In 2026, General Secretary Xi Jinping issued an important instruction on basic education work: "We must adapt to the new expectations of the people, advance the expansion of quality and improvement of standards in basic education, and firmly hold the bottom line of educational equity." Zhang Zhiyong (张志勇), Chief Expert of the China Institute of Education and Social Development at Beijing Normal University, proposes in "Accelerating the Construction of a Fair and High-Quality Basic Education System" the practical path for comprehensively advancing the expansion of quality and improvement of standards in basic education: governments at all levels should grasp population change trends and actively promote quality schools to expand the supply of school places; through strengthening the strong to help the weak (以强扶弱, yi qiang fu ruo - "use the strong, assist the weak"), carry out educational assistance activities and actively renovate and upgrade weak schools in urban areas; through using urban areas to drive rural development (以城带乡, yi cheng dai xiang - "use the city, lead the countryside"), narrow the urban-rural education gap and make vigorous efforts to advance the integrated development of urban and rural education; fully implement the Party's educational policy, implement the fundamental task of cultivating virtue and nurturing people (立德树人, li de shu ren - "establish virtue, nurture people"), and promote the physical and mental health and growing and becoming successful (成长成才, cheng zhang cheng cai - "grow, become talent") of every student.

At present, the underlying logic of the allocation of basic education resources is shifting from scale expansion to quality improvement and efficiency enhancement. How can we adapt to population change trends and allocate educational resources scientifically and effectively? Xue Eryong (薛二勇), Vice President of Chongqing Normal University, points out in "Constructing a Two-Way Interactive Adaptation Mechanism between Population Change and Educational Resources" that optimizing the allocation of educational resources in response to population change trends means scientifically allocating and optimally combining the elements of school operation according to the size, structure, and spatial distribution of the school-age population. It is necessary to make good use of school resources and promote mutual reinforcement between school layout and population development; optimize teacher resources and promote positive interaction between systematic allocation and standard reform; carry out small-class teaching and promote mutual support between class formats and the development of potential; and optimize the funding mechanism and promote mutual integration between funding allocation and adequate development.

Teachers are the foundation of education and the source of its flourishing. On the whole, the size, quality and competence, structural layout, and guarantee level of our country's teacher workforce have achieved a significant leap, laying a solid foundation for building a strong education nation. Under the new circumstances, how can we build a high-caliber teacher workforce and promote the high-quality development of basic education? Yu Fayou (于发友), Vice President of the China National Academy of Educational Sciences, proposes countermeasures and suggestions in "Leading the Enhancement of Teachers' Professional Competence with the Spirit of Educators" from the perspectives of spiritual guidance, capacity improvement, the combination of research and training, digital-intelligence empowerment, and incentive guarantees.

Our country's basic education has overall advantages, model advantages, and governance advantages. However, shaping new advantages for our country's basic education in the future still faces a series of structural difficulties. How can we find, in a targeted and step-by-step manner, the focal points for resolving these difficulties? Deng Youchao (邓友超), Second-Level Professor at Northwest Normal University, proposes in "The Direction and Focal Points for Shaping New Advantages in Basic Education" such suggestions as improving the level of public services for preschool education, promoting the transformation of compulsory education from the "old three items" to the "new three items," and advancing the balanced development of regular senior high schools.

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Carry Forward the Great Long March Spirit and Embark on the New Long March

By: 中央党校（国家行政学院）中共党史教研部

This year marks the 90th anniversary of the victory of the Long March of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. From October 1934 to October 1936, the Red Army officers and soldiers led by the Communist Party of China, with astonishing perseverance and courage, broke through the encirclement, pursuit, blocking, and interception of the Kuomintang army, overcame countless difficulties and dangers, wrote the magnificent epic of "The Red Army fears not the trials of the distant march; a thousand mountains and ten thousand rivers are treated as nothing," and achieved the great victory of the Long March. The center of gravity of the Chinese revolution shifted from south to north, opening a new pattern and turning a new page. The Long March of the Red Army, with its long duration, vast distance, and brutal fighting, is extremely rare in human history. It left an extremely precious legacy and forged the great Long March spirit. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: "The great Long March spirit is the spirit of placing the fundamental interests of the people of the whole country and the Chinese nation above everything else, firmly upholding revolutionary ideals and convictions, and firmly believing that the just cause is bound to triumph; it is the spirit of fearing no difficulties or obstacles and sparing no sacrifice in order to save the country and the people; it is the spirit of upholding independence and self-reliance, seeking truth from facts, and proceeding from reality in everything; it is the spirit of taking the overall situation into account, strictly observing discipline, and maintaining close unity; it is the spirit of closely relying on the masses of the people, sharing life and death with them, sharing weal and woe, and working hard."

The great Long March spirit forged through the baptism of blood and fire has greatly enriched the connotation of the spirit of the Chinese nation, nourishing and inspiring generation after generation to devote themselves to the great practice of China's revolution, construction, reform, and the new era. "As an important component of the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists, it transcends time and space, remaining fresh after a long time (历久弥新, li jiu mi xin - "long time, still, new"), and will forever be a precious treasure and powerful driving force inspiring us to overcome difficulties and advance courageously." At present, uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country, realize the Second Centenary Goal, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization has become the central task of the Communist Party of China. This is another new great Long March. To walk the new era's Long March road well, it is necessary to carry forward and promote the great Long March spirit, better promote the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics to cut through brambles and thorns and ride the waves forward, and create new achievements worthy of the times and the people.

Place the fundamental interests of the people of the whole country and the Chinese nation above everything else, firmly uphold revolutionary ideals and convictions, and firmly believe that the just cause is bound to triumph

The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, and at the same time the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, representing the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the Chinese people. The fundamental nature of the Communist Party of China determines that at all times and in all work, the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation must be placed above everything else. After the September 18 Incident in 1931, when the enemy's aggression was deep and the peril was urgent, the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek government stubbornly implemented the reactionary policy of "first pacify the interior, then resist foreign aggression," adopting a policy of non-resistance toward the aggression of Japanese imperialism, and the Chinese nation faced a grave crisis of national subjugation and genocide. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the brave Red Army officers and soldiers broke through the Kuomintang's blockade and "encirclement and suppression" and fought across ten thousand li, fundamentally in order to save the country and the people and to seek a path of survival for the deeply suffering Chinese people and the Chinese nation. During the Long March, the various Red Army units coordinated strategically and cooperated closely in campaigns. They deeply understood that their struggle was not for the private interests of a few, but for the liberation of hundreds of millions of toiling masses and the independence of the entire nation. Common ideals and convictions made the Party and the Red Army a unified fighting collective that, under extremely difficult conditions, always maintained strong cohesion, a high degree of discipline, and vigorous combat effectiveness.

Ideals and convictions are the political soul of Chinese Communists, the "calcium" of the spirit, and also the most distinctive foundation of the great Long March spirit. The fundamental reason the Long March is called "a great expedition of ideals and convictions" is that the Red Army officers and soldiers had faith in their hearts and strength under their feet. This faith came both from a profound insight into the laws of social development and from an accurate grasp of modern China's national conditions and revolutionary tasks. Once the fire of ideals and convictions is ignited, it never goes out. It was precisely by relying on firm convictions and strong will that the Party and the Red Army were reborn time and again from desperate situations, growing stronger through setbacks, and ultimately creating incredible miracles. In the Battle of the Xiang River, the Red Army shattered the enemy's attempt to encircle and annihilate them at tremendous cost, so much so that a local folk song spread: "For three years, do not drink the water of the Xiang River; for ten years, do not eat the fish of the Xiang River." This is precisely the deepest testimony of ideals and convictions in blood and fire. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Revolutionary ideals and revolutionary convictions can unleash infinite power to overcome stubborn enemies and shake mountains. A force with lofty ideals and firm convictions is invincible." Without the support of ideals and convictions, there would have been no victory in the Long March. This is precisely the secret of the success of the Chinese revolution.

The firmness of ideals and convictions also stems from the justice of the cause. The fundamental reason the Long March could move from desperation to victory is that what Chinese Communists were engaged in was the just cause of striving for national independence and the liberation of the people. A just cause can withstand the test of history and the people. From the banner of "marching north to resist Japan" on the Long March road to the original aspiration of the new era to "seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation," generations of Chinese Communists have continued the struggle, pointing the way and laying the foundation for the liberation of the people and the rejuvenation of the nation, and handing in qualified answer sheets one after another. Since the beginning of the new era, the Party has led the people to face difficulties head-on, stand on their own feet and strive for self-improvement, realize the First Centenary Goal on schedule, coordinate the advancement of the "Four-Pronged Comprehensive" strategic layout, actively respond to "changes unseen in a century," and firmly grasp the initiative in national development and national rejuvenation in their own hands. Mao Zedong pointed out: "Our cause is just. A just cause is one that no enemy can break through." The reason the Red Army could advance dauntlessly amid encirclement, pursuit, blocking, and interception back then, and the reason the Chinese people can forge ahead steadily amid stormy waves today, is precisely this firm conviction in the just cause. It is both the inexhaustible source of power of the great Long March spirit and the fundamental support for generation after generation of Chinese Communists to overcome difficulties and continue the struggle.

Fear no difficulties or obstacles, and spare no sacrifice, in order to save the country and the people

On the long road of the Long March, the Red Army officers and soldiers fought more than 600 battles with the enemy, crossed nearly a hundred rivers, climbed more than 40 high mountains and perilous peaks, of which more than 20 were snow-capped mountains above 4,000 meters above sea level, traversed vast grasslands, and conquered the limits of human survival with tenacious will, producing a series of heroic and moving deeds of "daring to sacrifice, with great aspirations, daring to make the sun and moon shine in a new sky." In the Battle of the Xiang River, Chen Shuxiang, commander of the 34th Division of the Red Army, was wounded and captured, and broke his intestines to make clear his resolve; the "Seventeen Heroes of the Dadu River" and the "Twenty-two Heroes of Luding Bridge" stepped forward at the moment of crisis to open the way forward; He Long and Ren Bishi commanded the Second and Sixth Army Groups of the Red Army to wage a war of maneuver against an enemy several times their number in the Wumeng Mountain area, repeatedly defeating strong enemies in deep mountains and gorges. On the 25,000-li journey of the First Front Army of the Red Army, on average one Red Army soldier sacrificed his life every 300 meters. It can be said that the road of the Long March was paved with the blood and lives of countless Red Army soldiers. These numbers and names are not only records of history, but also spiritual monuments, jointly answering the same question: What kind of force could enable a ragged, poorly equipped force to advance dauntlessly in desperate situations?

The answer is written in the unswerving convictions of the Red Army officers and soldiers, in their wisdom in accurately judging the strategic direction, and in their determination to overcome all difficulties and obstacles. "The strong pass is truly like iron, yet today we cross it from the start." True revolutionary optimism originates precisely from this. The Red Army forged courage and wisdom in the Long March, and Chinese Communists tempered Party spirit and will in the Long March. From setting out on the expedition to the victorious rendezvous, the three main forces of the Red Army were reduced from nearly 200,000 men to 50,000 or 60,000. Together with the Red Army units that remained behind in the revolutionary base areas and persisted in guerrilla warfare, they were all the backbone and elite who had stood the test. In the arduous and extraordinary Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the people's armed forces led by the Communist Party of China grew and developed behind enemy lines and became the mainstay of the War of Resistance, which was inseparable from the tempering of the Long March. Countless revolutionary martyrs, with their blood and lives, have made us remember that the red political power was hard-won, that New China was hard-won, and that socialism with Chinese characteristics was hard-won. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The lofty spirit of the Red Army officers and soldiers in facing death as if returning home, seeking life from death, advancing dauntlessly, and daring to overwhelm all difficulties without being overwhelmed by any difficulty, is forever worthy of our remembrance and promotion."

On the Long March road of the new era, there are still many "snowy mountains" and "grasslands" for us to cross, and many "Loushan Passes" and "Lazikou Passes" to conquer. Responding to changes unseen in a century in the world requires mastering the skills of struggle; reform and innovation require opening up positions in the deep-water zone; full and rigorous self-governance of the Party requires the courage to turn the blade inward. All thoughts of seeking ease and comfort and being unwilling to continue working hard are unacceptable, and all thoughts of being arrogant and complacent and unwilling to continue pioneering and advancing are unacceptable. "Is it hard? Think of the Red Army's 25,000 li." In the face of external suppression and containment, and in the face of deep-seated contradictions and problems in economic and social development, we need to vigorously promote the great Long March spirit, step forward, face difficulties head-on, and dare to struggle and be good at struggling. The inheritance of the spirit is inseparable from the remembrance of heroes. "A nation with hope cannot be without heroes, and a country with a future cannot be without pioneers." We must learn from the heroic deeds of the Red Army's Long March, constantly replenish the calcium of the spirit, and transform the spirit of fearing no hardship or sacrifice into concrete actions for walking the new era's Long March road well. Back then, the Red Army paved the road to victory with flesh and blood; today, we must, with the same courage and responsibility, continue to write the Long March chapter belonging to this generation under new historical conditions.

Uphold independence and self-reliance, seek truth from facts, and proceed from reality in everything

Upholding independence and self-reliance is an excellent political character tempered by Chinese Communists in the arduous and extraordinary struggle of the Long March. In a certain period after the founding of the Party, it was subject to the guidance and constraints of the Comintern on major decisions and found it difficult to independently explore the path of the Chinese revolution. The Comintern made contributions to the Chinese revolution; this is an indisputable fact. But the Comintern was tens of thousands of li away from China, communication was inconvenient, and it could not rapidly provide effective guidance on the rapidly changing revolutionary situation in China. Coupled with its estrangement from China's national conditions, it also committed many serious errors in guiding the Chinese revolution, especially in promoting the formation within the Chinese Communist Party of the erroneous leadership of "Left" dogmatism represented by Wang Ming, which directly led to the failure of the Fifth Counter-Encirclment and Suppression Campaign in the Central Revolutionary Base Area. During the Long March, the Chinese Communist Party's communications with the Comintern were interrupted, and it could only rely on its own strength to solve the problems it faced. In the practice of dealing with complex situations, Chinese Communists thought independently, judged independently, and made decisions independently, entering a new stage of independently exploring the revolutionary path.

Mao Zedong emphasized, "The victory of the Chinese revolutionary struggle depends on Chinese comrades understanding China's conditions." He also said, "If Chinese people do not understand China's conditions, how can that do? True understanding of independence and self-reliance began with the Zunyi Conference." The Zunyi Conference was the first successful practice in which Chinese Communists independently applied the basic principles of Marxism to solve the problems of the Chinese revolution, and it was also a key node in the Chinese Communist Party's political maturation. This conference, relying on the Party's own strength, ended the rule of "Left" dogmatism in the Central Committee and, at the most critical moment, saved the Party, saved the Red Army, and saved the Chinese revolution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "As an important meeting of great turning-point significance in the history of our Party, the Zunyi Conference left valuable experience and important enlightenment in combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific realities, adhering to the path of independence and self-reliance, firmly upholding the correct political line and policies and strategies, and building a strong and mature central leadership collective." One valuable experience and important enlightenment left by the Zunyi Conference is that whenever we seek truth from facts, the cause will develop and triumph; whenever we deviate from seeking truth from facts, the cause will suffer setbacks and fail.

Dogmatists treated Marxism as an immutable dogma, worshipped the instructions of the Comintern as divine, ignored the actual conditions of the Chinese revolution and the objective comparison of strength between the enemy and ourselves, and implemented an adventurist military line, leading to the military failure of the counter-encirclment and suppression campaigns. The painful lessons served as a wake-up call, and Chinese Communists gradually established seeking truth from facts as the fundamental method of thinking for understanding and transforming the world. Understanding problems must proceed from reality rather than from books; formulating policies must proceed from actual needs rather than from subjective wishes; testing work must proceed from actual results rather than from the requirements of the situation — these are the fundamental principles of seeking truth from facts. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The road traversed by the Long March not only crossed thousands of mountains and rivers, but also crossed the erroneous ideological obstacle of treating Marxism as an immutable dogma. The fundamental experience and enlightenment the Long March gave us is to adhere to combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific realities and unswervingly follow the path of revolution, construction, and reform that suits China's national conditions." From the creation of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics to the creation of the path of Chinese modernization, it has all been proven that seeking truth from facts is the Party's fundamental ideological weapon for grasping the correct direction of progress, and this ideological treasure must never be discarded at any time.

Take the overall situation into account, strictly observe discipline, and maintain close unity

The fundamental reason the Red Army in the Long March could not be worn down or scattered is that it had a strong organization and iron discipline, was able to proactively consider local actions from the height of the overall strategy, and transform unified will into unified action. Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "With common ideals, there is iron discipline. Whether in the past, present, or future, this is our true advantage." Without this great unity in ideology and politics, the victory of the Chinese revolution would have been impossible. And the political direction is precisely the overall issue concerning the Party's future and destiny and the rise and fall of the cause. During the Long March, the Party and the Red Army successively encountered the military failure caused by the erroneous "Left" line and the serious crisis of Zhang Guotao's splittism, yet they did not disintegrate or collapse. The key lay in firmly upholding the correct political direction, adhering to the principle of democratic centralism, and in the breadth of mind of Chinese Communists in always maintaining close unity and taking the overall situation into account. After these two struggles against erroneous lines, the Party and the Red Army became ever more solid as steel, and the Party's political line became more mature. The most precious historical experience the Long March left us for consolidating unity within the Party is that the whole Party must unite as one to uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership. This is an overall situation of paramount importance.

The victory of the Long March was jointly created by the various Red Army units taking the overall situation into account and cooperating with each other. After the Central Red Army set out on the Long March, the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army proactively provided intelligence, launched the Jialing River Campaign to coordinate, and prepared supplies to welcome the Central Red Army before the rendezvous at Maogong; from the Chishui River to the Dadu River, the Central Red Army constantly used feints to confuse the enemy, and many units took great risks to contend with the enemy far from the main force; the 25th Army of the Red Army proactively opened the way, raised grain, and collected funds for the Central Red Army's entry into Shaanxi and Gansu; the Northward Anti-Japanese Advance Detachment pinned down the enemy in the core area of enemy rule; the Second and Sixth Army Groups of the Red Army, when isolated in the southwest, received combat support from the First Front Army of the Red Army... It was precisely because of this spirit of close unity that the Party and the Red Army, despite encountering serious crises, could still turn danger into safety, emerge from desperate situations, reunite, forge the organization even stronger, and open up a new situation for the Chinese revolution. To coordinate with and guarantee the central task of the main Red Army forces in completing the strategic shift, the units that remained in the Soviet areas to persist in guerrilla warfare, the Northwest Red Army, the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, Party organizations in Kuomintang-controlled areas, and all forces led by the Party all waged arduous and extraordinary struggles and made indelible contributions to the victory of the Long March. This is both the "grand historical perspective" for us to study the history of the Long March in the new era and a key teaching material for raising political positioning and cultivating the ability to grasp the "great affairs of the nation."

Today, we are carrying out a great struggle with many new historical characteristics, and we need to be prepared at all times to withstand major tests of high winds and rough waves, or even stormy seas. The closer we get to the goal of national rejuvenation, the more we must unswervingly uphold the Party's leadership, strengthen Party building, and carry forward the spirit of taking the overall situation into account, strictly observing discipline, and maintaining close unity. We must further strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses," firm up the "Four Confidences," and achieve the "Two Upholds," maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee in ideology, politics, and action, and implement the Party Central Committee's line, principles, policies, and major work deployments without compromise. Party members and leading cadres at all levels must correctly handle the relationship between the part and the whole, and between the individual and the organization. No matter which field, level, department, or unit they are in, they must submit to the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, and, like the Red Army officers and soldiers of that time, fight wherever the Party points. With the mighty force unleashed by unity of purpose and united struggle, we will continue to write new glory on the new journey.

Closely rely on the masses of the people, share life and death with them, share weal and woe, and work hard

"When the Red Army wins battles, the people are the mountain behind them." Closely relying on the masses of the people is the fundamental political stance and source of strength of Chinese Communists. The masses of the people are the creators of history and the decisive force driving social development. The victory of the Long March, fundamentally speaking, was the result of the support of the masses of the people. The Red Army strictly implemented the "Three Main Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention," did not take a single needle or thread from the masses, and committed no violations whatsoever wherever it went; it deeply carried out the agrarian revolution, overthrew local tyrants, divided the land, and enabled poor peasants to gain tangible benefits; it strictly implemented the Party's ethnic policies, respected the customs of ethnic minorities, and won the heartfelt support of the people of all ethnic groups. Precisely for this reason, wherever the Red Army went, the masses of the people sent grain and clothing, guided the way and delivered messages, sheltered the wounded, and enthusiastically joined the army. Without the strong support of the masses of the people, the Red Army could not have survived and developed in unfamiliar territory with scarce supplies; without the wholehearted love and support of the masses of the people, the Red Army could not have broken through the enemy's layers of blockades and pursuit.It can be said that every li of the Long March bears the footprints of the unity between the Party and the masses; every escape of the Red Army from danger carries the fine story of the deep bond between the army and the people.

True feelings are seen in the details. The Party and the Red Army always shared life and death and weal and woe with the masses of the people, reflected in every thread, every bowl of porridge, every word and deed. In November 1934, when the Central Red Army was resting in Shazhou Village, Rucheng County, Hunan, three female Red Army soldiers lodged in the home of villager Xu Jiexiu. When they parted, they decided to give their only marching quilt to Xu Jiexiu. Xu Jiexiu absolutely refused to accept it, so they took out scissors and cut the quilt in half. Xu Jiexiu said with emotion: "What is the Communist Party? The Communist Party is people who, even if they have only one quilt, will cut half of it and give it to the common people." The story of the "half quilt" vividly interprets the profound friendship between Chinese Communists and the masses of the people that transcends material things and reaches directly into the heart. Reviewing the deep bond between the army and the people in the Long March, we understand more deeply what General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Sharing wind and rain, being connected by blood, and sharing life and death with the people is the fundamental guarantee for the Chinese Communist Party and the Red Army to achieve victory in the Long March, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for us to overcome all difficulties and risks."

The spirit of closely relying on the masses of the people and sharing life and death and weal and woe with them, formed during the Long March, has become an important magic weapon for the Party to lead the revolution, construction, reform, and the great practice of the new era from victory to victory. The people are the greatest source of confidence for the Party in governing, and the mass line is the lifeline of the Party. Whenever the Party is closely linked to the masses of the people by flesh-and-blood ties, the Party's cause will flourish; whenever it is divorced from the masses, the Party's cause will suffer setbacks. On the new journey of the new era, we must adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, always maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses of the people, and take the people's aspiration for a better life as the goal of our struggle; listen to the people's voices, respond to the people's expectations, continuously solve the urgent, difficult, and anxious problems of the masses, and let the fruits of reform and development benefit all the people more and more fairly; carry forward the style of hard work, rely on the people to unite and struggle, and gather the mighty force to advance Chinese modernization. Back then, the Red Army relied on the people to complete the Long March of ten thousand li; today, we must, with the same childlike sincerity and posture of struggle, with the support and endorsement of hundreds of millions of people, hand in excellent answer sheets worthy of the times, worthy of the people, and worthy of history on the new road of the examination.

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Enhance the "Six Capabilities" of TCM Colleges and Universities in Serving a Healthy China

By: 李华荣

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the National Conference on Health and Wellness that the period of the 15th Five-Year Plan is a critical period for achieving the goal of building a Healthy China by 2035, and that we must unswervingly follow a path of health and wellness development with Chinese characteristics. The Healthy China we aim to build is one that is balanced, inclusive, high-quality, and efficient, and it should possess strong health management capabilities, disease prevention and control capabilities, medical service capabilities, medical insurance support capabilities, pharmaceutical innovation capabilities, and talent cultivation capabilities. This important exposition is both a systematic deployment for the health and wellness undertaking and a new mission of the times entrusted to higher education in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine colleges and universities are important fronts for the cultivation of TCM talent, inheritance and innovation, and health services. They must make studying and implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech a major political task, use the "six major capabilities" as a guide to reshape their educational landscape and stimulate internal momentum, and demonstrate the unique value and contemporary responsibility of TCM universities in serving the building of a Healthy China.

Enhancing health management capabilities with a full-life-cycle philosophy

Prevention is the most economical and effective health strategy. The TCM concept of "treating disease before it occurs" is intrinsically connected to health management and is a unique advantage of TCM colleges and universities in serving the building of a Healthy China. It is necessary to break the boundaries of traditional medical education, extend health management forward to health education and backward to rehabilitation and elderly care, and build a health management service system covering "the entire process, the entire life cycle, and the entire population." Add interdisciplinary courses such as health management, health big data, and nutrition and dietary therapy to cultivate students' thinking and skills in shifting from "treating existing disease" to "treating disease before it occurs"; relying on platforms such as the preventive treatment centers of affiliated hospitals, actively go into communities, villages, and enterprises to carry out actions to improve TCM health literacy, promote non-drug therapies such as Baduanjin, Tai Chi, and medicated diet regulation, and make the concept that "everyone is the first person responsible for their own health" deeply rooted in people's hearts; use digital means to explore the establishment of personal electronic health records based on TCM constitution identification, provide personalized health intervention recommendations, and promote the shift of health management from "passive medical care" to "active health" and from "fragmented services" to "systematic governance," thereby solidly consolidating the foundation of national health and demonstrating the enormous potential of TCM in source prevention and control.

Enhancing disease prevention and control capabilities through integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine

Improving the disease prevention and control system and firmly holding the bottom line of preventing large-scale epidemics are clear requirements put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping. TCM has played an irreplaceable role in major epidemic prevention and control efforts throughout history. It is necessary to deepen research on the laws of TCM prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, excavate classic formulas, optimize diagnosis and treatment plans, and form replicable and promotable prevention and control experience; strengthen the deep integration of public health disciplines with TCM clinical disciplines such as traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture and tuina, and cultivate composite talents who understand both TCM syndrome differentiation and modern epidemiology, and who are capable of both clinical treatment and public health emergency response. Improve the coordination mechanism between traditional Chinese and Western medicine, establish systems for joint ward rounds, joint consultations, and joint scientific research in affiliated hospitals and teaching bases, and give play to the complementary advantages of Western medicine's precise diagnosis and TCM's holistic regulation in critical care and the prevention and control of difficult and complex diseases; improve professional capabilities in immunization programs, occupational disease prevention and treatment, and mental health services, actively participate in the construction of national and provincial disease prevention and control systems, strengthen teaching on infectious disease prevention and control and public health emergency response, and weave a dense and tight public health protection network.

Enhancing medical service capabilities through the sinking of high-quality resources

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to deeply implement the project to strengthen the foundation of medical and health care, promote hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, and enable the masses to see a doctor nearby and receive good treatment. TCM colleges and universities should rely on affiliated hospitals to form specialty alliances, and through telemedicine, paired assistance, mobile medical tours, and centralized training, deliver high-quality medical technology and concepts to county and township grassroots levels; strengthen guidance for the construction of county-level TCM hospitals and TCM clinics in township health centers, promote appropriate TCM technologies in a tiered and classified manner, and let the people enjoy TCM services that are "simple, convenient, inexpensive, effective, and safe" at their doorstep. Comprehensively improve the quality of clinical teaching, adhere to early clinical exposure, more clinical exposure, and repeated clinical exposure, and let students hone their medical skills and cultivate medical ethics in real medical scenarios; focus on advantageous specialties such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, and bone injuries to build clusters of key specialties, pay attention to health services for "the elderly and children," improve the full-chain service of "prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and management," continuously improve the convenience and satisfaction of the masses in seeking medical treatment, and practice the value pursuit of "putting the people first and life first" with concrete actions.

Enhancing medical insurance support capabilities with a public welfare orientation

Although universities do not directly assume the function of medical insurance fund management, they have great potential in the reform of the pharmaceutical and health care system, research on medical insurance policies, and the cultivation of health economics talent. It is necessary to unwaveringly write public welfare on the banner of the medical and health undertaking and promote affiliated hospitals to deepen reform of the compensation system. Strengthen the construction of health policy and management disciplines, conduct in-depth research on the impact of medical insurance payment method reform on TCM services, explore medical insurance payment standards that conform to the characteristics of TCM, provide a scientific basis for the government to formulate TCM medical insurance policies, and promote more TCM service items with definite efficacy and appropriate prices to be included in the scope of medical insurance payment. Strengthen education on medical insurance policies and health regulations for students, cultivate awareness of standardized diagnosis and treatment and rational drug use, control the unreasonable growth of medical expenses from the source, and safeguard the security of medical insurance funds. At the same time, encourage teachers and students to participate in volunteer services in the multi-level medical security system, pay attention to the medical assistance needs of disadvantaged groups, give play to the supplementary role of universities in social charity and public welfare medical care, and help build a fair and sustainable medical security network.

Enhancing pharmaceutical innovation capabilities through original innovation

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to strengthen basic research and original innovation in the health and wellness field, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and make the health industry bigger and stronger. TCM is a great scientific treasure house, and original innovation should drive the modernization and industrialization of TCM. Based on the resource endowment of authentic medicinal materials, carry out scientific and technological research across the entire industrial chain, from the protection of germplasm resources and standardized cultivation to the analysis of the material basis of efficacy, new drug development, and intelligent manufacturing; build and make good use of high-energy TCM scientific and technological innovation platforms, strengthen cooperation with research institutes and leading enterprises, break through key core technologies, and develop a batch of innovative TCM drugs and hospital preparations with independent intellectual property rights. Carry forward the spirit of scientists, use scientific methods to "explain clearly and state plainly" the efficacy of TCM, and encourage teachers and students to make breakthroughs in TCM theoretical innovation and evidence-based medicine research; open up the "last mile" from the laboratory to the production line, promote the integrated development of TCM with the big health, tourism, and cultural industries, and let the fruits of scientific and technological innovation benefit the masses.

Enhancing talent cultivation capabilities with "benevolent heart and benevolent art"

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that safeguarding people's health requires building a strong cadre and talent team for the health and wellness system, and efforts should be made to build a medical workforce that is sufficient in number, reasonable in structure, and excellent in quality. Talent cultivation is the fundamental task of universities and a long-term strategy for the building of a Healthy China. It is necessary to adhere to the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, integrate ideological and political education into the entire process of professional education, strengthen the construction of medical ethics and professional conduct, carry forward the spirit of "great medical sincerity," and cultivate a professional spirit of revering and protecting life, saving lives and helping the wounded (救死扶伤, jiu si fu shang - "save the dying, assist the wounded"), being willing to dedicate, and showing limitless benevolence (大爱无疆, da ai wu jiang - "great love, no borders"). Deepen the reform of education and teaching, advance the reform of the long-track system for traditional Chinese medicine, strengthen the study of classics, consolidate the foundation of TCM, promote digital and intelligent empowerment, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine education, and multidisciplinary cross-integration, and cultivate composite and innovative talents; strengthen the construction of practical teaching bases, improve the quality of clinical teaching, and at the same time attach importance to continuing education and lifelong learning, so as to deliver more high-quality TCM talents who are possessing both integrity and ability (德才兼备, de cai jian bei - "virtue, talent, both possess") to the health and wellness undertaking.

Health is the source of happiness and the foundation of a strong nation. In July this year, the State Council issued the "National Health '15th Five-Year Plan," which clearly states that by 2030, a pattern of integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent oriented toward people's life and health will be basically formed, and China's leading position in the development of world traditional medicine will be further consolidated. This has drawn an action coordinate for TCM colleges and universities to enhance the "six major capabilities." TCM colleges and universities should keep in mind the "great affairs of the nation," inherit the essence, uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, comprehensively enhance the "six major capabilities," and contribute the strength of TCM to building a balanced, inclusive, high-quality, and efficient Healthy China.

(The author is the Party Secretary of the Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)

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The Way of the Exemplary Person's Speech

By: 张恒

The exemplary persons (junzi) of antiquity regarded "cautious speech" as an essential part of self-cultivation, and even pursued the sublime realm of "not speaking." This way of speaking embodies reverence for language and reflection on conducting oneself in the world, yet it has also accumulated into a psychological inertia of "silence is golden." In fact, from Confucius's "speaking always hitting the mark" to Mencius and Xunzi's "the exemplary person must debate," the ancient sages and worthies valued both "caution" and "speech." In the digital-intelligence age, where algorithms amplify everything, silence only deepens estrangement. This makes it all the more necessary to rethink the exemplary person's way of speaking and to reclaim the traditional wisdom of valuing speech and daring to debate.

The Power of Language

The ancients recognized the power of language very early on. The Book of Changes says: "Words and deeds are the hinge and trigger of the exemplary person. Once the hinge and trigger are released, they govern honor and disgrace. Words and deeds are how the exemplary person moves heaven and earth — can one fail to be cautious?" When the exemplary person utters a single word, there is a response even a thousand li away. Thus words and deeds are as crucial as the pivot of a door or the trigger of a crossbow; they can govern honor and disgrace and move heaven and earth.

A deep understanding of the power of words and deeds led the ancients to form a cautious attitude. Confucius said, "The exemplary person eats without seeking fullness, dwells without seeking comfort, is diligent in affairs and cautious in speech, and draws near to those who hold to the Way to be corrected by them." Xunzi said: "Speech can summon calamity, and conduct can invite disgrace; the exemplary person is cautious in what he establishes himself upon!" In a word, the exemplary person is "careful in speech and cautious in conduct."

If "cautious speech" still includes consideration of consequences, then the pursuit of "not speaking" is a higher realm. The Analects, chapter "Yang Huo," records that Confucius said to Zigong: "I wish to speak no more." Zigong then asked: "If you do not speak, Master, then what shall we disciples transmit?" Confucius replied: "Does Heaven speak? The four seasons proceed, the hundred things are born — does Heaven speak?" When has Heaven ever spoken? Yet the four seasons run their course and the hundred things live and grow, all in perfect order. Not only Confucius — Laozi's Daodejing also says "Those who know do not speak; those who speak do not know," and Zhuangzi's "Discussion on Making All Things Equal" likewise says "The Great Way is not named; the Great Debate does not speak." All of this points to a sublime realm in which heaven, earth, and the myriad things each rest in their proper place, no longer requiring language or argument.

Making "cautious speech" the essential and "not speaking" the highest ideal embodies the ancients' profound understanding of the power of language and the order of the world. However, the psychological inertia of "silence is golden" that has accumulated from this can also easily make people forget that this is the highest realm of the way of speaking, not its starting point. Those who aspire to be exemplary persons should indeed orient themselves toward the realm of "not speaking," but before that, they must first pass through a period of practice in speech.

In fact, the ancient sages and worthies always had a side that valued speech. Confucius not only left behind numerous famous sayings on "speech," but also offered earnest instruction to his disciples. It is also a fact that Mencius criticized Yang Zhu and Mozi and earned a reputation for being "fond of debate." Xunzi went further and explicitly proposed that "the exemplary person must debate," holding that "one who does not like to speak, who does not delight in speaking, is certainly not a sincere scholar." Even Laozi and Zhuangzi, who pursued "not speaking," vigorously expounded the meaning of virtue and the Way of heaven and earth. The former worthies demonstrated through their words and deeds that "occupying a position without speaking to it is something the exemplary person is ashamed of."

Speech Is Valuable When It Has Roots

The various masters were "fond of speech" and "fond of debate," but what they said and debated was by no means useless empty talk, nor was it wrangling over words. They all maintained that speech is valuable when it has roots.

The Mencius, chapter "Duke Wen of Teng, Part II," records that when Mencius answered Gongduzi's question about why he was "fond of debate," he frankly stated that he was not "fond of debate" but acted out of "necessity." At that time, "the words of the world, if they did not incline to Yang, inclined to Mo." "The Yang school's 'for oneself' means no ruler; the Mo school's 'universal love' means no father. To have no father and no ruler is to be a beast." Mencius rose to debate in order to "rectify people's hearts, stop pernicious doctrines, repel deviant practices, and banish licentious words." Xunzi also proposed that "the exemplary person must debate" in order to "model on the former kings, follow ritual and rightness, and unite scholars." Thus it can be seen that the "fondness for speech" and "fondness for debate" of Mencius and Xunzi were aimed at rejecting "heterodoxies" and upholding righteousness, arising from the sense of responsibility that "a scholar cannot but be broad-minded and resolute." Speech concerns not only private virtue, but is also a public virtue bearing on the survival of righteousness.

The public nature of speech is especially prominent in the digital-intelligence age. Algorithms do not care about truth or falsehood, and traffic does not distinguish good from evil; they only follow the logic of computation. As a result, the power of speech — whether positive or negative — is infinitely amplified and even alienated. The beautiful vision that virtuous people do not need to praise themselves to be recognized (桃李不言，下自成蹊, tao li bu yan, xia zi cheng xi - "peach, plum, not, speak; under, self, become, path") often becomes a kind of self-righteous compromise and absence. How to raise a reasonable voice without being drowned out or distorted has become a question of the times facing everyone.

So what is a "reasonable" voice? A "reasonable" voice is valuable in taking benevolence (ren) as its root, "speaking with a benevolent heart." "Ren" is the most cherished value of the Chinese nation. Confucius and Mencius proposed that the benevolent love others; Zhu Xi further deepened "ren" into "the principle of love, the virtue of the heart," elevating it to the ground of being and the source of value in the world. Applied to speech, "speaking with a benevolent heart" means that the exemplary person always upholds the public principle and public virtue of striving upward toward the good, with a mind that regards all people and things as one's own kind, cherishing a sense of responsibility for public affairs and sympathy for the situations of others, breaking free from the obsession of algorithms and the shackles of traffic, and taking the clarification of right and wrong and the defense of righteousness as the starting point.

"Speaking with a benevolent heart" naturally gives rise to a sense of respect and a sense of dialogue. The exemplary person's speech is not monologue, but is accomplished in the back-and-forth exchange with others. Taking benevolence as the root, one can calmly listen to others' opinions and rationally converse and debate with them. This is what Xunzi called "listening with a learning heart" and "debating with a public heart." This sense of respect and sense of dialogue is precisely the most scarce way of speaking in the clamorous public sphere of the digital-intelligence age.

Speech Must Hit the Mark

If "speaking with a benevolent heart" is the root of the exemplary person's way of speaking, then the art of speech that "hits the mark" is the flourishing branches and leaves. "Hitting the mark" comes from the Analects, chapter "Advanced," where Confucius praised his disciple Min Ziqian: "This man does not speak, but when he speaks, he hits the mark" — that is, this person does not speak unless necessary, but when he does speak, he gets straight to the point. "Hitting the mark" refers both to the timing and measure of speech being exactly right, and to the content and literary grace being precise and appropriate. The former worthies explored the art of speech that "hits the mark" at length, and this still holds considerable inspiration for the way of speaking in the digital-intelligence age.

Speech should naturally pay attention to the audience and the occasion. Confucius said: "When one may speak with a person and does not speak with him, one loses the person; when one may not speak with a person and speaks with him, one loses one's words." Not speaking to someone with whom one may speak means missing that person; speaking to someone with whom one may not speak means misspeaking. Confucius also said: "To those above the average, one may speak of higher things; to those below the average, one may not speak of higher things." Speech should take into account the other's status — solemn where solemnity is due, witty where wit is due.

Speech should also pay attention to timing. The Analects, chapter "Xian Wen," says, "The Master spoke only when the time was right, so people did not tire of his words." Only by speaking at the right time can one avoid making others weary. By contrast, "speaking before it is one's turn is called rashness; not speaking when it is one's turn is called concealment; speaking without observing the other's expression is called blindness." Speaking before it is one's turn is rashness; not speaking when it is one's turn is concealment; speaking without reading the other's expression or heeding the atmosphere is blindness. If the timing of speech is wrong, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of communication.

Speech should also attend to literary grace. Although Confucius opposed "clever words and ingratiating looks," holding that "clever words confound virtue," he still maintained that speech should pay attention to rhetoric and display literary grace. The Zuo Commentary records Confucius's words: "If one does not speak, who knows one's aspirations? If speech lacks literary grace, it will not travel far." Unadorned language has no power to spread. Xunzi also said: "The exemplary person is never weary of speech. The vulgar man is the opposite: he likes the substance and does not care for the literary form, and so all his life he cannot escape being base and common." Literary grace not only embodies the art of speech, but also manifests the cultivation of the exemplary person.

In the digital-intelligence age, when algorithms track sensational and extreme expressions and when traffic flows toward vulgar and biased bad rhetoric, the art of speech that "hits the mark" becomes all the more precious. Speech that is exactly right, precise, and appropriate can drive out emotion and prejudice, making sincere and rational communication possible.

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Promote Tangible and Effective Organizational and Work Coverage of the Party in Emerging Fields

By: 褚松燕

The "Opinions on Strengthening Social Work in the New Era" issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council requires strengthening Party building in emerging fields and promoting the tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party. This fully reflects the high importance attached by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core to Party building work in emerging fields, marks the transition of Party building in emerging fields from strategic deployment to a new stage of policy implementation, highlights the role of this work in consolidating foundations and strengthening fundamentals in the process of Chinese modernization, clarifies the Party's action orientation of improving the social governance system, organizing society, mobilizing society, and uniting society to provide strong support for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation, and opens up a brand-new work pattern for Party building in emerging fields.

Tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party is the foundational work of Party building in emerging fields

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, with the accelerated evolution of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, China's economic structure has undergone profound reshaping, a large number of new economic organizations and new social organizations have emerged, and the scale of new employment groups has continued to expand. General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly stated in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, "Strengthen Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups." The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee incorporated "exploring effective ways to strengthen Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups" into deepening the reform of the Party building system, and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee placed "strengthening Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups" within the framework of improving the social governance system. The "Opinions on Strengthening Social Work in the New Era" makes systematic arrangements for Party building in emerging fields from the perspective of promoting tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party. It can be seen that strengthening Party building in emerging fields is not only the Party's proactive response to the trends of the times and changes in social structure since the new era, but also a strategic measure for the Party to use Party building to improve the quality and effectiveness of national governance in the process of leading the people to advance Chinese modernization.

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that a rigorous organizational system is where the Party's strengths and power lie. Since its founding, the Party has organized Chinese society from the grassroots level in various historical periods through its own strong organization. Entering the new era, new business forms, new tracks, and new occupations continue to emerge, emerging fields have gathered a large number of business entities and social resources, and the ranks of practitioners are growing day by day, providing an important position for our Party to extend new organizational networks and consolidate the Party's mass foundation. In this sense, promoting organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party in emerging fields is an important part of strengthening the Party's organizational system construction, ensuring that the Party forms a complete and sound grassroots organizational network adapted to the characteristics of emerging fields that change quickly, flow quickly, and differentiate quickly, ensuring that Party members move in an orderly manner and play their roles within the widely covered grassroots organizational network, thereby guaranteeing the implementation and effectiveness of the Party's organizational line in the new era.

In the national governance system, our Party occupies the leadership core position of commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties. To ensure the correct exercise and standardized operation of power and to improve the Party's governing capacity and leadership level, it is necessary to effectively achieve that wherever the cause of the Party and the state develops, Party building covers it. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core attaches great importance to Party building in emerging fields, incorporating every Party member in emerging fields into the Party's grassroots organizations, and effectively organizing emerging fields with each Party member as a basic point. This can consolidate the Party's governing foundation and continuously expand the Party's mass base while transforming the Party's political and organizational advantages into national governance effectiveness and the development advantages of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. On the new journey, solidly promoting tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party is directly related to consolidating and strengthening the foundation of our Party as the highest political leadership force, and directly related to the quality and substance of Chinese modernization.

Strengthening Party building in emerging fields faces new situations and new tasks

Since the new era, our Party has continuously strengthened Party building in emerging fields from various aspects such as institutions, mechanisms, and actions, and has achieved remarkable results. First, the organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party have continued to expand and extend, and the Party's organizational system in emerging fields has become increasingly rigorous. For example, according to data from the statistical bulletin of the Communist Party of China, as of December 31, 2025, there were 201,000 grassroots Party organizations in social organizations, basically achieving the goal of establishing organizations wherever they should be established. In 2025, the country deployed a concentrated campaign on "two coverages" in emerging fields, focusing on key enterprises, key industries, key regions, and key groups, and focused on solidifying the Party's organizational coverage and work coverage. Second, the ways of establishing Party organizations and working methods have become more diverse, and the role of Party members and Party organizations in emerging fields has been significantly enhanced. Combining the characteristics of emerging fields, on the basis of exploring forms of Party organization establishment such as independent establishment, regional joint establishment, and industry-wide unified establishment in light of local conditions, various localities have expanded precise, differentiated, flexible, and mobile Party building work scenarios such as "screen-to-screen" and "line-to-line," and launched forms such as "cloud Party building," "project Party building," and "industrial chain Party building" to extend the Party's organizational and work coverage. These innovative practices have on the one hand encouraged Party members in emerging fields to take the lead and set examples, and on the other hand enhanced the ability of grassroots Party organizations to precisely respond to practitioners' urgent concerns such as career development, livelihood security, and social integration, continuously rallying people's hearts and gathering strength in Party building work.

However, strengthening Party building in emerging fields on the existing basis, especially promoting tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage, still faces problems that urgently need to be explored and solved. First, the Party's organizational coverage and work coverage are basically tangible, but there are still weak links and shortcomings in coverage. In larger new economic organizations and new social organizations, organizational coverage and work coverage have basically formed a system, but a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises, platform franchisees, grassroots stations, and terminal outlets have relatively short average survival times. Especially after the rise of entrepreneurial models such as one-person companies (OPCs) with deep "individual + AI" collaboration, factors such as low Party member proportions, frequent mobility, and mobile office work have compounded, making it more difficult to establish Party organizations while coverage blind spots and gaps also change dynamically. Problems such as "pocket Party members," "invisible Party members," and grassroots organizations that "are established but quickly dissolve" still exist. Second, the effectiveness of the Party's organizational coverage and work coverage is not high, and quality needs improvement. In Party building in emerging fields, the problem of insufficient transformation from tangible coverage to effective coverage still exists. Some Party organizations have been established, but there are problems such as having organizations without activities, or having activities without results; some cross-industry and cross-subject joint Party branches have the problem of "joint but not integrated, integrated but not strong, unified but ineffective"; and some Party organizations have "two separate skins" between Party building and development, and the channels and methods for effectively exercising political and organizational functions have not yet effectively matched the needs of Party members and the demands of the masses in emerging fields. Party members' organizational life is difficult to carry out on a regular basis, and the roles of Party building in political leadership, serving development, and supervision and management have not been fully demonstrated.

The above two aspects of problems precisely reflect the difficulties of Party building in emerging fields. Behind these difficulties, from a macro perspective, is the impact of emerging fields on production, life, organization, and management methods; from a micro perspective, it is the challenge posed by the flexible, mobile, fluid, and decentralized employment forms of emerging fields to the traditional Party building model adapted to relatively static, unit-based, fixed, and centralized management systems and mechanisms. It is particularly noteworthy that a considerable proportion of practitioners in emerging fields are from the "post-90s" and "post-00s" generations. Party members in this age group pay more attention to individual experience and personality pursuits, value the joy of life and emotional value, and are more adaptable, autonomous, and creative in response to technological innovation and social change. This also brings broad space for proactive action to Party building work in emerging fields.

Promoting tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party in emerging fields through innovative measures

Party building in emerging fields is a foundational incremental systematic project involving many subjects, covering many industries, and spanning across industries and industrial chains. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the more complex the situation and the weaker the foundation, the more necessary it is to improve Party organizations and do Party work well, ensuring full coverage, consolidating the foundation, and preventing the "barrel effect." To strengthen Party building in emerging fields, it is necessary to fully implement Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, focus on organizational system construction, take promoting tangible and effective organizational coverage and work coverage of the Party as important work for consolidating the grassroots and strengthening the foundation, adhere to simultaneously addressing shortcomings and filling gaps while improving quality and strengthening functions, innovate the ways of establishing Party organizations, innovate working methods and activity methods, smooth the meridians and blood of the organizational system, and thereby organize Party members in emerging fields, gather talents, and organize the masses, continuously enhancing the Party's political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal in ideological guidance and cohesive services.

To simultaneously solve the tangible quantity of "whether it exists" and the effective quality of "whether it is strong" with a spirit of responsibility and innovative measures, it is first necessary to handle the four pairs of relationships involved in Party building in emerging fields. First, the relationship between commonality and individuality. Party building work in various types of organizations has commonality in content and tasks, but differences are allowed in the ways of implementing content and tasks. Party building in emerging fields needs to closely combine the industry characteristics of emerging fields and the characteristics of practitioners to explore and innovate working methods and activity methods, so as to achieve tangible coverage of Party building and effective coverage of its role. Second, the relationship between locality and workplace. Traditional Party building in the field establishes Party organizations and carries out activities through the combination of units and localities, but in emerging fields, some organizations' registered locations are inconsistent with where actual work is carried out, and some work is even carried out entirely on the internet. The workplace becomes mobile due to work, so the establishment of Party organizations and the carrying out of activities in emerging fields need to connect and link between organizational locality and dynamic workplace, finding the fit between the establishment methods and activity methods of Party organizations and the industry characteristics and practitioner characteristics of emerging fields. Third, the relationship between mobility and stability. Compared with traditional fields, Party members in emerging fields are more mobile, which requires solving the problem of the attribution of Party organizational relations and their dynamic and rapid connection, to ensure that Party members can participate in organizational life and play their roles regardless of their occupation or location. At present, the co-management model of "local management at the place of employment, overall management by industry systems, and daily management by platform enterprises" explored in some places has better solved the problem of tangible coverage of Party members in emerging fields due to the relative stability of Party organizational relations. It is still necessary to further improve the dynamic transfer mechanism of organizational relations and optimize the transfer process to solve the problem of Party member mobility, so that Party members in emerging fields always remain online in identity and organization during workplace and career transitions. Fourth, the relationship between offline and online. The traditional way of carrying out Party building work "face-to-face" in physical space in traditional fields is difficult to meet the needs of practitioners in emerging fields, and "screen-to-screen" online Party building closely connected with digital technology is increasingly becoming an important form of Party building in emerging fields. Although smart Party building platforms, online learning communities, and other "Party building at the fingertips" can adapt to the irregular work schedules and difficulty in concentrating of new employment groups through fragmented, virtualized, and scenario-based forms, the individualized and virtualized communication of "screen-to-screen" does not have the on-site advantage of "face-to-face" offline activities in cultivating organizational identity, cohesion, and discipline. It is still necessary to further explore effective paths for the organic combination of online and offline Party building.

Take investigation and research as the underlying logic of Party building in emerging fields, draw a map of the situation of Party building in emerging fields through meticulous dynamic investigation, and find strategies to solve the difficulties of Party building in emerging fields through comprehensive and in-depth research. First, form a basic data map supporting Party building in emerging fields through investigation. Combining the characteristics of scattered business forms, high personnel mobility, high industry linkage, and fragmented working hours in emerging fields, through rolling concrete investigations and profiling of Party members in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups, as well as their employment distribution, ideological dynamics, and work and life needs, dynamically grasp the baseline number of Party members, current status, and ideological dynamics, identify urgent concerns from the perspective of Party members, and thereby form a dynamically updated data pool. Second, through investigation and research, implement classified policies and innovate Party building methods and approaches. For example, establish identity markers for Party members in emerging fields that have both mobility and stability, provide time guarantees and allocate resources for these Party members to study and exchange at relatively stable stations, outlets, and buildings, enhance Party members' physical sense of belonging that there is "a place to go" for Party organizations, and at the same time combine digital Party building with meeting fragmented learning needs and enhancing group identity to strengthen the cohesion of Party building. Throughout the process, grasp, sort out, and promote typical practices, providing practical reference and consolidating the foundation for the normalization and standardization of full coverage and expansion of quality in Party building in emerging fields.

Further explore paths for organically combining Party building work in emerging fields with production and operation, innovation and entrepreneurship, social services, and rights protection, and effectively give play to the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members in emerging fields and the role of grassroots Party organizations as fighting fortresses. First, build a Party member service, education, and management system adapted to the employment characteristics of emerging fields. Improve the dynamic transfer mechanism of organizational relations, especially optimizing the online transfer process, achieve seamless connection between inflow and outflow areas, explore a mobile, real-time, and procedural management system, establish timely updated learning, education, and management files for Party members, so that Party member identity follows practitioners in real-time mobility while having clear recognizability, thereby making the role of Party members more compatible with the mobile and fluid characteristics of emerging fields. At the same time, improve the dynamic evaluation and incentive mechanism, include Party members' daily performance of duties, dedication to posts, service to the masses, industry demonstration, and learning and exchange in the scope of evaluation and incentives, and rely on learning and exchange projects in physical spaces such as mobile service stations, grassroots stations, and Party and mass service centers, as well as online learning content and scenario-based interactive tests on smart Party building platforms, to improve the level of Party member education and management. Second, adhere to the results orientation, promote in a classified manner the integration of Party building and development in different forms of organizations in emerging fields, and encourage the exploration of differentiated implementation mechanisms for common Party building content and tasks in different forms of organizations. On the one hand, emerging fields have differences in industry, scale, and organizational form, and tangible and effective Party organizational and work coverage necessarily requires classified promotion. For example, among new economic organizations, science and technology innovation enterprises include one-person companies, small and medium-sized enterprises, and large-scale enterprises. Large-scale enterprises can establish Party organizations independently to carry out activities, small and medium-sized enterprises can jointly establish Party organizations to carry out activities, and one-person companies can rely on parks, buildings, or street communities to jointly establish Party organizations to carry out activities. On the other hand, encourage the combination of Party building in emerging fields with development, with team building, with business improvement, with seeking advice and needs, and with care and concern, and give play to the Party's advantages in mass work and the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members. For tangible and effective Party organizational and work coverage in emerging fields, it is necessary to put political construction first, increase efforts to encourage and guide the deep integration of Party building and business, enable Party organizations in emerging fields to strengthen political leadership in the construction of friendly scenarios and good employment environments such as rights protection, skills training, and warm services, continuously enhance the sense of gain, happiness, and security of new employment groups, and open up a new situation in Party building work in emerging fields.

[The author is the Director of the United Front Work Teaching and Research Department of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance)]

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Party Leadership Guides High-Quality Development: Sharpening the Nuclear Sword and Embarking on a New Journey

2026 marks the 20th anniversary of the founding of Fujian Fuqing Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Fuqing Nuclear Power). Over the past 20 years, Fuqing Nuclear Power has grown from a tidal flat on the coast of the East China Sea to become the nuclear power base with the largest installed capacity in operation in Fujian Province, delivering a development report card of safe operation, scientific and technological innovation, green and low-carbon development, win-win cooperation between the enterprise and local communities, and employee well-being. The fundamental reason for these achievements lies in upholding and strengthening the Party's overall leadership.

Uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership and improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics

Upholding the Party's leadership over state-owned enterprises is a major political principle that must be consistent from beginning to end (一以贯之, yi yi guan zhi - "one, go, through, always"); establishing a modern enterprise system is the direction of state-owned enterprise reform and must also be consistent from beginning to end. Fuqing Nuclear Power has unified the strengthening of the Party's leadership with the improvement of corporate governance, consolidating the institutional foundation for high-quality development.

Improve top-level design and build a systematic and complete institutional system. Persist in using the Party's innovative theories to unite people's hearts and strengthen their spirit (凝心铸魂, ning xin zhu hun - "congeal, heart, cast, soul"), integrating the Party's leadership into all aspects of corporate governance. Write the requirements of Party building work into the company's articles of association, establish and improve the "one charter, three systems, four rules" governance institutional system, continuously improve the "two-way entry, cross-appointment" management mechanism, and give full play to the Party committee's leadership role in setting the direction, managing the overall situation, and ensuring implementation.

Optimize decision-making mechanisms and improve governance efficiency. Strictly implement the "three major and one large" decision-making system and the requirements for pre-review by the Party committee, optimize the Party committee's "3+1+N" deliberation model, build a "one map" for the decision-making system and a "one table" for decision-making matters, and safeguard governance effectiveness with the power of institutions.

Strengthen Party building in the new era and transform organizational advantages into development advantages

Fuqing Nuclear Power firmly establishes a clear orientation toward strengthening grassroots organizations and continuously enhances the political and organizational functions of grassroots Party organizations.

Take a clear-cut stand on politics and consolidate the political foundation of loyalty to the Party. Persist in playing the "three roles" and being the "three pacesetters," introduce the excellence performance model, establish a self-diagnosis and improvement mechanism, regard ensuring nuclear safety with absolutely certain and without error (万无一失, wan wu yi shi - "ten thousand, no, one, lose") as the greatest political responsibility, and resolutely shoulder the responsibility for energy supply security. Establish a closed-loop management mechanism of "study and research—deployment and implementation—follow-up and effectiveness assessment" to promote the Party's innovative theories to enter the mind and heart and show results in practice. The world's first "Hualong One" reactor has been put into commercial operation, creating excellent operating performance for third-generation nuclear power, and the Fuqing Nuclear Power Units 5 and 6 project has won the "National Quality Project Gold Award."

Strengthen the foundation and consolidate the basis (强基固本, qiang ji gu ben - "strengthen, foundation, solidify, root") to build strong fortresses and weave a dense and strong Party organizational system. Strictly implement the "four synchronizations, four alignments" requirements, improve the Party building work assessment system that "judges heroes by military merit," evaluate capability by solving practical problems, evaluate performance by high-quality development, and evaluate synergy by team building. Innovatively compile "hundred-error lists," "hundred-question lists," and required knowledge learning materials for Party branches, and promote the standardized and normalized construction of Party branches. Innovatively apply excellence performance management tools to test Party building effectiveness through qualitative evaluation, quantitative assessment, and comprehensive review.

Integrate and empower to promote development, fully leveraging the role of grassroots Party organizations as fighting fortresses. Explore the establishment of a "Hualong One" Party building joint construction mechanism, forming a collaborative tackling system that spans units, fields, and chains. Persist in the deep integration of Party building and business, leading safe operation, technical tackling, and overhaul support with Party building, and forging Party building brands such as "Excellent Operation" and "Maintenance Iron Army." The company's Party committee has been awarded the title of "Advanced Grassroots Party Organization of Central Enterprises" and has been selected as an "Influential Enterprise in the Party Building Brand of the Electric Power Industry."

Temper work style and add momentum, creating an atmosphere of practical work. For five consecutive years, special actions for work style building have been deployed, a cadre work style profiling mechanism has been established, the requirements of strict, careful, meticulous, and practical work style have been deeply integrated with nuclear safety culture, and an evaluation system of "work style guidelines set standards, responsibility reverse investigation strengthens management, and reform of the three systems provides constraints" has been built. Create the "Hualong One" brand IP, with technical physical objects collected in the National Museum of China and displayed at the "Striving for a New Era" themed achievement exhibition. The China Nuclear Industry Science and Technology Museum (Fujian), constructed and operated by Fuqing Nuclear Power, has been rated as a National Patriotic Education Demonstration Base and a Scientist Spirit Education Base, uniting the strength of progress with advanced culture.

Rectify discipline and strengthen Party spirit, promoting Party members to enhance their consciousness of abiding by rules and discipline. Persist in grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, and linking the rectification of conduct, the enforcement of discipline, and the fight against corruption. Improve the mechanism for making political supervision concrete, precise, and regular, with leading team members regularly conducting supervisory talks with "top leaders" of lower-level units and personnel in key positions, deeply advancing the construction of the "major supervision" system, deepening the construction of "Clean Fuqing Nuclear Power," persevering unremittingly (锲而不舍, qie er bu she - "carve, and, not, abandon") in implementing the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulation, advancing the "three noes" (no deterrence, no system loopholes, no corruption) in an integrated manner, and continuously creating a clean and upright political atmosphere (风清气正, feng qing qi zheng - "wind, clear, air, upright") political ecosystem.

Practice the new development philosophy and unswervingly and steadfastly (坚定不移, jian ding bu yi - "firm, steady, not, move") promote the company's high-quality development

High-quality development is the hard truth of the new era. Fuqing Nuclear Power insists on fully, accurately, and comprehensively implementing the new development philosophy and has drawn up the "Five Fuqing Nuclear Power" goals of building a "Safe Fuqing Nuclear Power," "Innovative Fuqing Nuclear Power," "Green Fuqing Nuclear Power," "Open Fuqing Nuclear Power," and "Happy Fuqing Nuclear Power."

Coordinate development and safety and build a solid foundation for "Safe Fuqing Nuclear Power" development. Fuqing Nuclear Power adheres to a rational, coordinated, and progressive nuclear safety concept, achieving 12 years of safe power generation with cumulative power generation exceeding 400 billion kilowatt-hours. Deeply cultivate the quality management system construction, successively winning titles such as "2023 National Quality Benchmark" and "National Safety Culture Construction Demonstration Enterprise," with the operation management system and support guarantee system becoming more complete.

Strengthen the driving force of scientific and technological innovation and activate the internal momentum of "Innovative Fuqing Nuclear Power." Persist in self-reliance and strength in science and technology, strive to achieve independent control of key core technologies, promote the implementation of "machines replacing people" in high-risk and repetitive positions, and ensure safety, improve efficiency, and strengthen management through digital and intelligent construction. Build an innovation platform with the technical committee as the core, supported by academician workstations and skill master studios, and form 16 scientific research tackling teams. Fuqing Nuclear Power has successively won the Fujian

Lead high-quality development with high-quality Party building and condense the "Fuqing Experience"

Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award First Prize, China Patent Award, and other important awards, and has been rated as a national high-tech enterprise. The Fuqing Nuclear Power 5G factory has been selected for the "2024 5G Factory List."

Practice the "dual carbon" goals and polish the development background of "Green Fuqing Nuclear Power." Fully leverage the clean and low-carbon advantages of nuclear power, with cumulative savings of 112 million tons of standard coal and reduction of 296 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions, achieving the optimal level of comprehensive plant electricity consumption among operating power plants under China National Nuclear Power, continuously outputting clean electricity and helping achieve the national "dual carbon" goals.

Expand the space for mutual benefit and win-win cooperation and build the "Open Fuqing Nuclear Power" development pattern. Take root in the locality, serve the region, fully leverage the talent cultivation role of the "Hualong One" demonstration project, and cumulatively export more than 800 professional and technical talents. Deeply participate in the market-oriented reform of the power sector, with contracted electricity volume ranking first in the province for eight consecutive years. Deepen cooperation with countries such as Pakistan, dispatch multiple batches of expert teams to support the construction of overseas Hualong units, and continuously export technology, standards, and talent.

Adhere to a people-centered approach and build a "Happy Fuqing Nuclear Power" warm home. Practice the "concept of happiness through struggle," insist on closely combining investment in things with investment in people, improve the full-chain mechanism of "selection, cultivation, use, and retention" of talent, rely on skill master workstations at all levels and training bases to strengthen talent cultivation, and bring forth a number of outstanding talents such as master craftsmen of the nation and national technical experts. Balance enterprise development with employee well-being, effectively solve the urgent, difficult, and anxious problems of employees, and unite the joint force of all staff to strive forward.

After 20 years of enduring hardships and toil (栉风沐雨, zhi feng mu yu - "comb, wind, bathe, rain"), Fuqing Nuclear Power has condensed the "Fuqing Experience" with "Party building leading the way, bravely undertaking the mission, vigorous coordination, and striving to surpass" as its core.

Party building leads the way, guarding the foundation of the enterprise. Upholding the Party's leadership and strengthening Party building are the "roots" and "soul" of state-owned enterprises, the fundamental political guarantee for Fuqing Nuclear Power to fulfill its duties and achieve steady progress leads to long-term success (行稳致远, xing wen zhi yuan - "walk, steady, reach, far"), and provide solid organizational support for the company's 20 years of safe operation and the forging of a major national equipment.

Bravely undertake the mission and sharpen the ambition to serve the country. Fuqing Nuclear Power has always focused on the central task, served the overall situation, based on its core positioning as an important clean energy base on the southeast coast, demonstrated its value in serving national strategies and integrating into regional development, which is also an important prerequisite for the realization of the "Fuqing Speed."

Vigorous coordination, activating the capability to tackle difficulties. Build a tackling system with deep integration of industry, academia, research, and application and full-chain collaborative linkage, successfully complete key tasks such as core technology tackling, and effectively guarantee the high-quality construction of the world's first "Hualong One" reactor and the high-level operation of the units.

Strive to surpass and gather the power of innovation. The leapfrog development over 20 years is the practical achievement of nuclear industry workers in the new era forging major national equipment. Vigorously promote the spirit of "two bombs, one satellite," unite people's hearts with culture, inspire the majority of cadres and employees to face challenges directly and dare to venture and act, becoming the inner spiritual support for the enterprise's endless and continuous (生生不息, sheng sheng bu xi - "birth, birth, not, cease") and continuous surpassing.

Twenty years of sharpening the sword to strengthen nuclear power, with an initial heart as firm as a rock; on the new journey of safe development, the mission rests on our shoulders. Standing at a new starting point, Fuqing Nuclear Power will persist in using the Party's innovative theories to unite people's hearts and strengthen their spirit, practice the "three modernizations" strategic path of intensification, standardization, and digitalization, strive to create "two benchmarks" and build the "Five Fuqing Nuclear Power," forge ahead with vigor and courage, and lead high-quality development with high-quality Party building.

(Party Committee of Fujian Fuqing Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.)

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"Building Chief Empowerment + Cadre Grassroots Penetration" Innovates Grassroots Governance

By: 赵洪涛

The grassroots level is the very end of national governance and the frontline for serving the masses. As the main urban district of Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, Qingjiangpu District has, in recent years, faced challenges such as frequent urban population mobility, diverse public demands, intertwined risks and hidden dangers, and the stacking of new and old problems. Actively leveraging its own advantages, it has innovatively explored a "building chief empowerment + cadre grassroots penetration" dual-wheel-driven governance model, promoting the complementary integration of the end-point advantages of building chiefs, such as being grounded in local realities and knowing the people's conditions, with the strengths of grassroots cadres, such as policy resources and professional expertise.This has effectively promoted the sinking of governance resources, the forward movement of governance forces, and the improvement of governance efficiency, blazing a path of grassroots governance with distinctive characteristics of a main urban district.

In grasping Party building and consolidating foundations, we build a dual-wheel-driven governance pattern.
We persist in running the Party's leadership through the entire process and all aspects of grassroots governance, deeply advance the action of Party building leading grassroots governance, and improve the ability of grassroots Party organizations to lead grassroots governance. We strengthen high-level overall coordination. We have established a leadership and coordination mechanism for Party building leading grassroots governance, with the district Party committee secretary as the person in charge and 27 departments including the Organization Department, the Political and Legal Affairs Commission, and the Social Work Department as members, regularly conducting joint consultations, research, and focused advancement on governance priorities such as grid management and conflict resolution, forming a working pattern of whole-region linkage and joint management from the top down. We tighten the chain of responsibility. We have established a four-level governance structure of "town/street—community—residential quarter—building," promoting street Party working committees to strengthen overall work coordination and regularly hold joint Party building meetings to research and handle difficult issues in building governance; community Party committees to integrate resources within their jurisdictions and dispatch residential quarter Party branches and building chief teams throughout the process; residential quarter Party branches to coordinate the work of building chiefs and assign tasks; and building chiefs to shoulder responsibilities such as policy publicity, public opinion collection, and conflict mediation, forming a closed loop of responsibility in which streets connect to grids, communities dispatch from the front, grids conduct full-area patrols, and buildings accurately transmit voices. We pool joint governance forces. We break down governance barriers caused by fragmented departmental divisions, horizontally link functional departments, property management enterprises, and social organizations, vertically integrate resources and forces such as grassroots cadres, new employment groups, and Party member volunteers, form building governance small teams, and enable all types of governance forces to each perform their respective duties and display their respective strengths, pooling governance synergy.

In honing internal skills and strengthening capabilities, we forge the backbone force of grassroots governance.
Grassroots governance hinges on people and hinges on the team. Focusing on the "two key forces" of building chiefs and grassroots cadres, we persist in two-way empowerment and two-way exertion of effort, activating a pool of spring water in grassroots governance.We empower the end-point governance force of buildings. Focusing on the practical needs of building chiefs in performing their duties, we regularly organize training to improve core business capabilities such as policy interpretation, conflict mediation, emergency response, and public sentiment collection, innovate the "main classroom + video branch classroom" model, and carry out full-coverage centralized rotation training for more than 3,000 building chiefs in the entire district; at the same time, using streets and communities as units, we build platforms for building chiefs to learn from and exchange with each other, turning frontline cases into practical teaching materials, and improving the professional competence of building chiefs through mutual exchange and promotion. We temper the ability of grassroots cadres to perform their duties.Closely following the practical needs of grassroots governance and combining with the cadre education and training plan, we organize special training and seminar study by level and category, carry out practical training and drills targeting the shortcomings of grid post practice, and help grassroots cadres clarify the actual conditions of their jurisdictions, thoroughly understand policies and business, and hone their work skills, so that they can quickly adapt to grassroots work posts and give play to their advantageous roles.We improve team incentive and safeguard measures. We improve the points-based incentive mechanism for the building chief team, promptly realize incentive measures based on actual performance in reporting public sentiment, mediating conflicts, and volunteering, and maintain the overall vitality of the frontline team;we optimize the assessment and evaluation mechanism for grassroots cadres, implement two-way mutual evaluation between departments and towns/streets and villages (communities), and take the evaluation results as an important reference for cadre commendation, selection, and appointment, firmly establishing a clear orientation that values the grassroots and values practical work.

In optimizing processes and improving efficiency, we smooth the "last meter" of serving the masses.
We always adhere to taking serving the masses and benefiting the masses as the starting point and foothold of grassroots governance, and continuously improve the operational efficiency of the full closed-loop mechanism of "village/community reports, town/street blows the whistle, departments report for duty." We build a "three-order service" model. Through channels such as online feedback, building chief visits, and grassroots cadre forums, we establish and improve a service model of "the masses place orders—grid Party branches classify and dispatch orders—building governance small teams take the lead in completing orders," promoting the on-site resolution of simple matters such as neighborhood disputes and convenience consultations by building chiefs in conjunction with grid workers and volunteers, and the linkage handling of cross-field and resource-intensive difficult problems by grassroots cadres in connection with functional departments, realizing classified and hierarchical handling and layered closed-loop processing, and efficiently resolving various livelihood difficulties.In the first half of the year, through the coordinated performance of duties by the two teams, more than 77,000 person-times of service were provided to the masses. We broaden the "direct access to public opinion" channel. Adhering to the organic combination of online and offline, we promote building chiefs to conduct regular door-to-door visits and grassroots cadres to make fixed-point contact and station at designated points, promptly collect problems reflected by the masses through the 12345 hotline and residential quarter owner groups, and actively build a full-coverage, precise, and efficient public opinion perception network;at the same time, we extend the tentacles of governance services, form economic operation special teams stationed in parks, organize section-level cadres to pair up and assist key enterprises, and precisely solve development difficulties such as approval and employment. We improve the "closed-loop handling" process. We promote the standardized and substantive operation of the comprehensive governance centers of 16 towns/streets in the entire district, implement mechanisms of handling complaints upon receipt, joint handling, and response within a time limit, and form a closed loop of work in which conflicts and problems are discovered and handled in a timely manner, efficiently concluded, and closed out. We give full play to the frontline sentinel role of building chiefs, promptly investigate various hidden dangers and conflicts nearby, and realize the on-site resolution and immediate clearance of small matters; for complex difficulties beyond their handling capacity, they promptly report them level by level, and grassroots cadres follow up and supervise the entire process, ensuring that small matters do not leave the building, major matters do not leave the community, and conflicts are not passed upward.

In doing practical things and practicing the original aspiration, we pool a strong joint force for co-governance and co-construction.
We firmly establish the people-centered development philosophy, closely follow the needs of the masses, and directly face governance difficulties. We carry out precise convenience services. Focusing on the urgent, difficult, and anxious concerns of the masses, we promote building chiefs to regularly investigate livelihood bottlenecks and link with grassroots cadres to precisely deliver targeted services.Focusing on key groups such as "the elderly and children" and new employment groups, we build a pilot project integrating "professional social workers + volunteer services," optimize the construction of the "15-minute convenience service circle," regularly carry out the "Yijiaqin" service market, with grassroots cadres coordinating resources and forces and building chiefs mobilizing residents to participate nearby.We resolve grassroots conflicts at the front end. Adhering to source prevention and front-end resolution, we coordinate multiple forces such as governance small teams and legal service studios, promote building chiefs to work deeply at the end-point of buildings and promptly investigate and handle general conflicts such as those between neighbors and in property management;下沉 cadres take the lead in tackling historical legacy problems such as the issuance of certificates for problematic real estate projects and the redemption of house tickets, build a dual-line coordinated conflict mediation system, and take multiple measures to crack down on stubborn and chronic problems in grassroots governance. We activate the force of whole-region co-governance. Adhering to governing by relying on the masses and benefiting the masses with the fruits of governance, we refine assessment rules for volunteer services, environmental improvement, and door-to-door visits to stimulate governance vitality. We give play to the demonstration and leading role of下沉 cadres and the nearby driving role of building chiefs, build platforms for residential quarter consultation and deliberation and neighborhood communication and exchange, and extensively guide community Party members and residential quarter residents to actively participate in volunteer work such as supporting the elderly and disabled, environmental governance, and public sentiment services.

(The author is the Secretary of the Qingjiangpu District Party Committee of Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province)

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A Small Corner Station, a Big Classroom for Ideological and Political Education

By: 张瑜　梁花

In September 2026, the General Office of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions published the first batch of national grassroots contact points for ideological and political education of workers, and the Huiying Love Trade Union Station (徽映爱心工会驿站) of the Chizhou Municipal Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (Company) of Anhui Province [hereinafter referred to as the Chizhou Municipal Bureau (Company)] was included on the list. Over the past few years, Chizhou has built five Huiying Love Trade Union Stations, serving nearly 100,000 person-times in total and holding more than 100 convenience, lecture, and holiday activities. The stations have gradually become an ideological and political education front where workers are willing to come in, sit down, and listen to a lesson.

In 2023, the Anhui Provincial Federation of Trade Unions, together with 13 departments, deployed the construction of service stations for outdoor workers. The Anhui Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (Company) revitalized lobby guard posts, directly operated retail stores, and idle rooms, building stations at intersections that workers frequently pass by, and completed 116 standardized stations across the province, covering 16 prefecture-level cities.

The five Huiying Love Trade Union Stations in Chizhou have unified names, logos, systems, and management, and are equipped with convenience facilities such as water dispensers, microwave ovens, charging ports, emergency medicine kits, and rest seats — having everything one could need (一应俱全, yi ying ju quan - "one, all, meet, complete") — and also feature cultural spaces such as a workers' book bar, an audio reading area, and a model worker publicity wall.

Sanitation workers start work in the early morning, food delivery riders take orders late at night, truck drivers run their vehicles day and night... Fully taking into account the special nature of outdoor workers' working hours, the Chizhou Municipal Bureau (Company) installed facial recognition access control for the stations, achieving 24-hour opening of the stations. In midsummer, mung bean soup, mineral water, and heatstroke medicine are always available; in deep winter, chilblain ointment, hand warmers, and hot water are provided, ensuring that workers can "keep warm in cold weather, cool off in hot weather, drink water when thirsty, and rest their feet when tired."

In order to vigorously promote the model worker spirit, the labor spirit, and the craftsmanship spirit, the Chizhou Municipal Bureau (Company) moved the ideological and political classroom to the stations, launched the "One Season, One Model Worker" lecture activity, and invited advanced models such as Yang Jie, winner of the National May Day Labor Medal, and Zhu Liwei, winner of the Anhui Province May Day Labor Medal, to give lectures at the stations and share practical work experience. The Chizhou Municipal Bureau (Company) also cooperates with communities to regularly carry out activities such as legal education, anti-fraud publicity, and free health clinics. The Chizhou Municipal Bureau (Company) believes that only when workers are willing to come can they be willing to listen.

Even more gratifying is that more and more of those who have been helped are becoming co-builders of the stations. Yang Jie, winner of the National May Day Labor Medal, used to spend his spare time reading at the station; now he often comes as a volunteer to help his peers improve their skills. A local barber comes to the station for half a day every month to provide free haircuts. Community doctors also regularly come to the station to popularize health knowledge.

Through sustained efforts, the Huiying Love Trade Union Station of the Chizhou Municipal Bureau (Company) has successively received honors such as the national "Most Beautiful Trade Union Station," the Anhui Province "Most Beautiful Trade Union Station," the All-China Federation of Trade Unions "Convenient Reading Site," and the Anhui Province "Workers' Book Bar."

After the 116 stations of the provincial system were rolled out, the practices of various localities each had their own emphases. Chizhou's approach is to combine the "service station" and the "ideological and political contact point" into one matter, adhering to the principles of warm service, moistening hearts through thought, gathering hearts through role models, and uniting hearts through joint governance. In simple terms, it is "first there are people who come, then there are people who believe, and finally there are people who follow." Only when workers are willing to come, stay, and draw close can ideological and political work have a handle to grasp.

There are more and more outdoor workers in cities, and they not only need a place to rest their feet, but also a space to learn and improve. The Chizhou Municipal Bureau (Company) turned idle assets into stations and stations into ideological and political fronts. This relies not on large-scale investment, but on doing every small matter solidly. When the lights are on, people are willing to come; when people come, the classroom can be held.

[Author's affiliation: Chizhou Municipal Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (Company) of Anhui Province]

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Attach importance to research on the history of the new era

By: 储著武

The history of the new era is the latest chapter in the more than one hundred years of historical development of the Communist Party of China, and it has milestone significance in the history of the Party, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of the development of socialism, and the history of the development of the Chinese nation. Research on the history of the new era can provide strong theoretical and academic support for correctly understanding and comprehending the historical development of the new era. In particular, as the process of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation continues to advance, placing research on the history of the new era on the agenda and coordinately advancing research on the history of the new era is increasingly important and urgent.

Scientifically defining the connotation of research on the history of the new era

In constructing philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, one must be adept at refining iconic concepts. At present, "the new era" is used extremely widely in the field of philosophy and social sciences, and its social acceptance is also relatively high. In contrast, "history of the new era" and "research on the history of the new era" are still rarely seen.

The new era specifically refers to the new historical juncture in which socialism with Chinese characteristics finds itself after the convening of the 18th National Congress of the Party. After the 18th National Congress of the Party, the new era was endowed with entirely new connotations. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Party pointed out: "After long-term efforts, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. This is a new historical juncture in China's development." In November 2021, the third historical resolution adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party pointed out: "Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era." The history of the new era refers to the history of the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. On February 5, 2024, Article 12 of the "Regulations on the Work of Studying and Educating on the History of the Party" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China explicitly proposed studying the Party's "history in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics." In Party and government documents, usages such as the history of the new era, the historical juncture of the new era, the historical development of the new era, and the historical mission of the new era have all appeared. The emergence of the above usages made necessary preparations for the proposal of the concept of the history of the new era. The history of the new era has two expressions, namely "new era history" or "history of the new era." But why is it inappropriate to use "new era history" and instead use "history of the new era"? This question must be considered from the perspective of conceptual rigor. Using "new era history" would inevitably lead to "new era historical research." And new era historical research has two different understandings: the first is research on the history of the new era, with the focus placed on issues of the historical development of the new era, in which the new era serves as an ontological discourse; the second is historical research in the new era, with the focus placed on historical research, including both research on the history of the new era and research on ancient history in the new era, research on modern history in the new era, and so on, in which the new era serves as a temporal modifier. From this perspective, directly using the expression "history of the new era" can avoid causing ambiguity.

Therefore, research on the history of the new era specifically refers to historical research that takes the history of the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics as its research object, aiming to summarize the process, characteristics, and experience of the historical development of the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to explore the laws of the historical development of the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics and their evolutionary logic.

The new era, the history of the new era, and research on the history of the new era are both connected and distinct. The new era is the new historical juncture in which current Chinese social development finds itself; the history of the new era is objectively developing history; and research on the history of the new era is the result of historical cognition of the new era. The sequential logic among them is that first there is the new era, then there is the history of the new era, and only finally is there research on the history of the new era. From the new era and the history of the new era to research on the history of the new era, the process in between undergoes a shift in perspective from objective reality and objective history to cognitive history and constructed history. The history of the new era belongs to the category of ontology; it is historical fact that has already occurred, possessing uniqueness and objectivity, and is the premise and foundation of research on the history of the new era. Research on the history of the new era belongs to the category of epistemology, possessing subjectivity and ideational character, and is the result of historical cognition of the new era. Research on the history of the new era is rooted in the new era and the history of the new era, and is an academic construction of the new era and the history of the new era from the historical dimension.

Research on the history of the new era also needs to determine its research boundaries from three levels: the macro, the meso, and the micro. To construct the boundaries of research on the history of the new era from the macro dimension, one must present the course, achievements, and experience of the historical development of the new era in an all-round, three-dimensional, and holistic manner, and explore the internal logic and laws of the evolution of the historical development of the new era. To construct the boundaries of research on the history of the new era from the meso dimension, one must shift the research perspective to the specific issues of various industries, various fields, and various departments in the historical development of the new era, using empirical research to expound the historic achievements attained and historic transformations realized in the new era. To construct the boundaries of research on the history of the new era from the micro dimension, one must continue to move the research perspective downward to more specific and detailed issues in the historical development of the new era, placing greater emphasis on revealing the development and changes of grassroots society and local China, as well as the practical activities of the broad masses of the people. Macro, meso, and micro research are not mutually isolated relationships, but rather must undergo cross-fertilization and integration.

Deeply understanding the importance of research on the history of the new era

The history of the new era is the history closest to current social development and most closely connected to real politics. Carrying out research on the history of the new era has major value for the times and historical significance.

The need to deeply understand the historic achievements and historic transformations of the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that deeply understanding the historic achievements and historic transformations of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering the new era "is of extremely great significance for the whole Party and the whole country to strengthen confidence, make continued efforts, uphold, implement, and develop the Party's theories, lines, principles, and policies well, and better continue to write a new chapter of development." What specific contents do the historic achievements and historic transformations of the new era include? What important value for the times do they possess? Questions such as these all need to be demonstrated and explained through in-depth research.

The need to deepen the research and interpretation of the Party's innovative theory in the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that to deeply study and comprehend the Party's innovative theory in the new era, one must "combine it with the process in which the cause of the Party and the state has achieved historic achievements and undergone historic transformations since the 18th National Congress of the Party." Likewise, deepening the research and interpretation of the Party's innovative theory must also be closely combined with the historic achievements and historic transformations attained in the new era.

The need to strengthen confidence in the historical development of the new era. Historical cognition is the foundation and premise of historical confidence. The Communist Party of China's historical confidence is a historical confidence that, on the basis of adhering to the grand view of history and the correct view of Party history, connects history, reality, and the future. To strengthen confidence in the historical development of the new era, systematic cognition of the history of the new era cannot be lacking. And the deeper and more systematic the research on the history of the new era, the more it will in turn help to enhance the consciousness and confidence in adhering to the path of socialist development with Chinese characteristics.

The need to continuously expand new research fields. The disciplines directly related to research on the history of the new era are the study of the history and party building of the Communist Party of China and the history of the People's Republic of China. At present, research in the discipline of the history and party building of the Communist Party of China on the Party's four historical periods shows a characteristic of decreasing heat, with the highest heat in the period of the New Democratic Revolution and the weakest in the new era. As time passes, if the historical materials of the new era, such as oral historical materials and grassroots archives, are not systematically collected and organized in a timely manner, they will be buried in the dust of the times. Carrying out research on the history of the new era is conducive to further expanding new research fields and cultivating new academic growth points.

Grasping the tasks of advancing research on the history of the new era

Research on the history of the new era is still in its initial stage. Although breakthroughs have been made on related topics, it has not yet been comprehensively and systematically carried out. At present, the key task in advancing research on the history of the new era is to realize as soon as possible the transformation from conceptual advocacy to practical development, from propaganda and interpretation to empirical research, and from breakthroughs at key points to in-depth development. Broadly speaking, research on the history of the new era can be coordinately advanced from the following three aspects.

Strengthen top-level design and improve the policy system for research on the history of the new era. Relevant departments should attach great importance to research on the history of the new era and actively promote the implementation of the "Regulations on the Work of Studying and Educating on the History of the Party." When formulating policies for the development of philosophy and social sciences, relevant departments should place research on the history of the new era in a more important position. Party history and literature research institutions, research institutes and academies, as well as schools of the history and party building of the Communist Party of China and schools of Marxism in universities, should incorporate research on the history of the new era into their scientific research work plans and form stable research teams. The National Social Science Fund, the Ministry of Education, and social science funds of various provinces and municipalities should establish special topics to support research on the history of the new era. Domestic disciplines such as the history and party building of the Communist Party of China and the history of the People's Republic of China should list the history of the new era as an important research direction, encourage master's and doctoral students to take the history of the new era as a topic direction for their theses, and strive to promote the cultivation of young talent in research on the history of the new era.

Systematically collect and organize documentary historical materials and consolidate the historical materials system for research on the history of the new era. At present, the work of collecting and organizing historical materials for research on the history of the new era has already begun to be carried out, with notable achievements especially in the "Selected Important Documents Since the 18th National Congress" and the editing and publication of important documents of General Secretary Xi Jinping. But this collection and organization is still scattered and unsystematic, merely a small part of the vast documentary historical materials. In terms of content, documentary historical materials in all fields since the new era, including the economy, politics, culture, society, ecological civilization, Party building, national defense and the military, and ethnic groups and religion, must all be comprehensively and systematically collected and organized. In terms of institutions, Party history and literature-related research institutions and national philosophy and social sciences-related research institutions should vigorously strengthen the collection and organization of documentary historical materials for research on the history of the new era. In terms of form, for the documents of various departments, various fields, and various industries of the Party and the state, as well as the economic and social development documents of various provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, it is necessary not only to preserve textual documentary materials, but also to preserve digital documentary materials, and to accelerate the construction of documentary databases and sharing platforms for research on the history of the new era.

Enhance academic self-awareness and construct the academic system for research on the history of the new era from multiple dimensions. Adhere to guiding research on the history of the new era with the Party's innovative theory, transform the Party Central Committee's important discourses on the history of the new era into academic topics and research paradigms, and compile as soon as possible an authoritative work on the history of the new era to provide important guidance for research on the history of the new era. Seize the main line of the historic achievements and historic transformations of the new era, and select about 100 typical cases from the Party and the state, various provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, various industries, various fields, and various departments for long-term follow-up research. Promote the integration of interdisciplinary methods, break through the limitations of a single historical method, absorb research tools from political science, sociology, economics, and other social sciences, and enhance the empirical character of research on the history of the new era. Advance the construction of academic institutions, and rely on existing Party history and literature research institutions and university schools and colleges to establish specialized research institutions. Create a good environment for academic publication and encourage relevant journals to establish columns on research on the history of the new era. Promote the transformation of the results of research on the history of the new era into important content for historical propaganda and education and enable them to enter textbooks. Properly handle the relationships between politics and academia and between research and propaganda, adhere to the principles that propaganda has discipline and academia has no forbidden zones, distinguish well between political issues and academic issues, and tell the historical stories of the new era well with solid academic achievements.

(The author is a professor at the School of History and Party Building of the Communist Party of China at Renmin University of China and deputy director of the Contemporary China Research Center at Renmin University of China)

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*Red Star*: The Torch of Thought Illuminating the Long March of Ten Thousand Li

By: 杜敏

In October 1934, the Central Red Army bid farewell to Ruijin and embarked on the long journey of strategic transfer. Amid the perilous mountains and treacherous waters and the encirclement and blockade of enemy forces, the newspapers and periodicals of the Soviet areas ceased publication one after another. Only the Red Star (《红星》报), the organ newspaper of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, like an inextinguishable star, accompanied the army on its march of ten thousand li, becoming the only central-level newspaper that persisted in publication throughout the Long March. The Red Star was first published on December 11, 1931, in Ruijin, Jiangxi. At the start of the Long March, the editorial department of the Red Star was organized into the Second Field Column of the Central Red Army, and under extremely arduous conditions it began its journey of mobile newspaper production and manual mimeograph printing. After the Long March began, Deng Xiaoping and Lu Dingyi successively took charge of the Red Star, and in August 1935 the newspaper was forced to cease publication. In the harsh environment of living from place to place without a permanent residence (居无定所, ju wu ding suo - "reside, not, fixed, place") and being surrounded by enemies on all sides (四面受敌, si mian shou di - "four, sides, receive, enemy"), the Red Star closely integrated with the realities of marching and combat, opening columns such as "Editorial," "News of Victory," "Call to Action," "Iron Hammer," and "Health Tips," promptly conveying central directives, reporting on battle news, and popularizing marching knowledge, playing an irreplaceable and positive role in unifying the Red Army's thinking, boosting troop morale, and rallying the masses.

An Important "Mouthpiece" for Conveying the Central Authorities' Strategic Intentions

The Red Star always made publicizing the Party's principles and policies and doing solid ideological and political work its primary task, enabling the entire army to understand the direction of operations at the first opportunity, and becoming a direct and powerful conveyor of the strategic intentions of the Party Central Committee and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission.

In the early period of the Long March, under the influence of the "Left" erroneous line, the strategic transfer lacked adequate political mobilization, and many commanders and fighters were confused about the direction of the march. On October 20, 1934, the first issue of the Red Star after the start of the Long March published the article "Break Through the Enemy's Blockade Lines and Win the Initial Victory of Counterattacking the Enemy!", which explained the necessity of the Red Army's strategic transfer and called for "destroying the turtle shells of the southern enemy and breaking through the enemy's blockade lines." As the war situation evolved, the Party Central Committee continuously adjusted its operational direction and its plans for establishing base areas, and the Red Star always kept close pace with the decisions of the Party Central Committee, clearly recording the several major changes in the Central Red Army's intended stopping points during the Long March. The Houchang Conference, held from the evening of December 31, 1934, to the early morning of the following day, established the operational policy of first creating a base area on the Sichuan-Guizhou border in the northern Guizhou region centered on Zunyi, and then moving to southern Sichuan. On January 15, 1935, the Red Star promptly published an editorial pointing out that "establishing a new Soviet base area in Sichuan and Guizhou is the center of recent political work." After the Zunyi Conference, faced with the heavy encirclement of enemy forces, the Party Central Committee decided to conduct mobile operations on the Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan border. The editorial in Issue No. 9 of February 10, 1935, conveyed the directive to establish a new Soviet area on the Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan border, and the editorial in Issue No. 11 of March 4, 1935, conveyed the decision to establish a new Soviet area in northern Guizhou. After the four crossings of the Chishui River and the skillful crossing of the Jinsha River, the editorial in Issue No. 17 of May 22, 1935, issued the strategic arrangement for forcing the Dadu River and opening up a Soviet area in northwestern Sichuan. In June 1935, the Lianghekou Conference determined that the main Red Army forces would march north and create the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu base area, and on July 10, 1935, Issue No. 25 published the editorial "Use Offensive Combat to Massively Annihilate the Enemy and Create a New Soviet Area in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu!", comprehensively explaining the advantages of the northward operations and the operational requirements, and also pointing out the favorable conditions for creating the new Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet area.

The Red Star was the earliest authoritative newspaper to publicly release and disseminate the spirit of the Zunyi Conference. The Zunyi Conference held in January 1935 realized the great turning point of life-and-death significance for the Chinese revolution. On February 10, Zhang Wentian conveyed the conference resolution at a meeting of cadres at and above the battalion and section chief level of the Military Commission Column held in Zhaxi (present-day Weixin) County, Yunnan Province. On February 19, Issue No. 10 of the Red Star published the "Resolution of the Party Cadres' Meeting of the Military Commission Column," pointing out that the meeting "unanimously endorsed the resolution of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee," holding that the main reason for the failure of the fifth counter-"encirclement and suppression" campaign was the error of committing to a purely defensive line in military command, and that "the main persons responsible for this erroneous line were Comrade Hua Fu (Li De) and Comrade □□ (referring to Bo Gu, whose name was not mentioned here because at that time regulations stipulated that Bo Gu's name could only be announced at meetings of cadres at and above the regimental level)." Subsequently, the editorial in Issue No. 11 of March 4, "Prepare to Continue Fighting and Annihilate the Zhou Column and the Sichuan Warlords," pointed out that the Red Army had successively captured the two cities of Tongzi and Zunyi and the natural barrier of Loushan Pass, achieving "an unprecedented great victory for our Central Red Army since the counteroffensive began," and that this victory was "a victory achieved after adopting correct military leadership." The publication of the editorial enabled the entire army to deeply understand the great significance of the Zunyi Conference and strengthened the firm conviction to follow the Party Central Committee and continue fighting courageously.

A Bond for Boosting Morale and Coalescing the Army's Will

A large number of frontline officers and soldiers personally wrote battlefield dispatches that appeared in the newspaper, and the plain words preserved accounts of several decisive battles, with moving heroic deeds becoming a powerful spiritual force that boosted the morale of the entire army.

On January 1, 1935, the Red Army forced the Wujiang River, winning the first major victory of the Long March. The Red Star published on January 15 the dispatch "A Great Beginning — The First Battle of 1935," which recreated the scene of the Red Army "fearing no obstacles and forcing the river crossing," while also pointing out that this victory benefited from full combat mobilization, cadres' ability to set an example by one's own actions (以身作则, yi shen zuo ze - "use, body, act, rule"), and the ability of firepower to coordinate with movement. The same page carried the article "The Military Commission Rewards the Heroes of the Wujiang River Battle," which publicized the list of 22 meritorious heroes including Mao Zheng (Zhen) Hua. These extremely concise written reports and the names of the heroes, like the waters of the Wujiang River, have been passed down forever.

In May 1935, the Red Army forced the Dadu River and seized the Luding Bridge, breaking through the blockade of natural barriers and escaping from a life-and-death predicament. On May 30, 1935, Issue No. 18 of the Red Star devoted a full page to publishing "We Have Already Successfully Crossed the Dadu River — The Heroic Battle Achievements of the Four Vanguard Regiments." The dispatch, in four parts, detailed the entire heroic combat process of the four vanguard regiments: the "Sacrifice" Regiment (Red 1st Regiment), with "iron-like will, fire-like passion, and tiger-like ferocity," had 17 warriors force the natural barrier; the "Charge" Regiment (Red 5th Regiment) pinned down the enemy with a marching speed of "advancing 160 li in one day to pursue the enemy"; the "Courage" Regiment (Red 4th Regiment), "using resolute and swift action," coordinated operations with the "Victory" Regiment (Red 3rd Regiment), and "charged at the enemy with fierce attacks and fierce rushes," ultimately seizing the Luding Bridge. The report used plain description to recreate the perilous battle situation, demonstrating the Red Army's fine style of unified command, close coordination, and combined operations, and vividly interpreting the Red Army's heroic spirit of fearing no sacrifice and facing death to live.

In June 1935, the Central Red Army crossed Mount Jiajin and joined forces with the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army. The Red Star successively launched special-topic publicity, making every effort to create a strong public opinion atmosphere of mutual assistance and unity between the two armies. On June 11, Issue No. 20 of the Red Star published "Join Forces with the Fourth Front Army!", and the article pointed out that "striving for the rapid joining of the two main Red Army forces has become the current central combat task of the field army." On June 15, Issue No. 21 of the Red Star published the major editorial "The Great Joining of Forces," calling it "an event of unprecedented greatness in history, an event that determines the future development of the Chinese Soviet movement." The newspaper also published the "Song of the Joining of the Two Main Forces," and specially annotated the pronunciation of uncommon characters and marked the rhythm so that all soldiers could easily sing it, making it a spiritual symbol of the unity of the two armies.

To promote the integration of the two armies and coalesce united strength, the newspaper opened a special column calling on the two front armies to learn from each other, to "learn from the Fourth Front Army's spirit of winning a victory against superior numbers (以少胜多, yi shao sheng duo - "use, few, win, many") and tenacious fighting," and also to "carry forward the First Front Army's special strengths of flexible mobility and fierce attacks and pursuits," publishing dispatches such as "Brotherly Friendship, Class Solidarity," reporting on the mutual consolation activities carried out by the two armies, and continuously reporting on scenes of joint evening parties and theatrical performances. As the newspaper stated, "This is the warmth of class fraternity, this is the spirit of class solidarity, this is our strength."

A Bugle for Serving the Red Army and Mobilizing the Masses

The Red Star used plain and easy-to-understand practical propaganda to solve problems for officers and soldiers, and used strict discipline advocacy and equal ethnic policies to mobilize the masses and win popular support, truly playing the historical role of a "propaganda team" and a "seeding machine."

The Red Star kept close watch on the practical difficulties of the march and earnestly solved various urgent problems of the soldiers, such as clothing, food, and health. In the early period of the Long March, many soldiers marched long distances barefoot, and injuries and illnesses were frequent. On November 14, 1934, Issue No. 4 of the Red Star published "How to Solve the Straw Sandals Problem?", clearly stating that guaranteeing footwear was the foundation for consolidating the army's combat effectiveness, and proposing three feasible methods: planned procurement, using old clothing to make sandals, and mobilizing comrades to help each other weave straw sandals, so as to "ensure that no one marches barefoot." To cope with marching fatigue, Issue No. 7 proposed that efforts could be made in several areas, including guaranteeing grain supply, strictly implementing rest regulations during marches, and avoiding camping in the open as much as possible. In response to common illnesses such as colds, coughs, and malaria, the newspaper also proposed preventive and treatment measures such as "not drinking cold water," eating more vegetables, and keeping warm. In addition, the newspaper also popularized practical knowledge such as air-raid avoidance and caring for weapons, guiding commanders and fighters to scientifically cope with the harsh environment.

The Red Star made mobilizing and uniting the masses its core propaganda task. In November 1934, Issue No. 3 published the editorial "On Current Work Among Local Residents," requiring the Red Army to carry out propaganda and agitation work according to actual conditions, "must approach the masses in the most plain language and with the greatest patience to inspire their struggle," and must go deep among the masses to work, for "only the Red Army's high consciousness and model of class discipline can create the Red Army's prestige and beloved esteem among the masses." On the 7th of the same month, the newspaper also issued a special extra edition of the Red Star, promulgating seven disciplinary rules, such as not privately dividing up the property of local tyrants, compensating for any damage to the people's property, and removing door planks and bundling straw, and proposing to "create model companies for winning over the masses."

In addition, the newspaper also vigorously publicized the Party's ethnic policies, striving for the trust and support of minority ethnic masses. In December 1934, Issue No. 6 of the Red Star published the "Guiding Principles for Work Among the Yao and Miao Peoples" issued by the General Political Department on November 29, 1934, which put forward a series of basic propositions such as opposing oppression, ethnic equality, and non-interference in internal affairs, and required political departments at all levels to "make them concrete and popularized according to the different environments and different conditions of each locality." This also became the general guiding policy for the Red Army's ethnic work when passing through ethnic minority areas. In April 1935, the Red Army was about to enter the Yi ethnic area on its Long March, and to force the Dadu River it was necessary to win the support of the Yi people. Therefore, on April 10, 1935, Issue No. 14 of the Red Star published "Pay Attention to the Work of Winning Over the Yi People," requiring all units to pay special attention to the following: first, not to attack the local tyrants of the Yi people; second, to use written slogans, oral propaganda, and other means to explain the Red Army's propositions to the Yi masses and expose the Kuomintang's deceptive propaganda. These reports of the Red Star played an important role in guiding public opinion in accurately publicizing the Party's ethnic policies and in winning the support of minority ethnic masses for the Red Army's Long March.

As a unique first-hand historical source of the Long March, the Red Star bore witness to the great turning point and the bloody journey of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. It engraved revolutionary faith with every word and sentence, and bore witness to suffering and glory with every article and every page. It was not only the "mouthpiece" for conveying the strategic deployments of the Party Central Committee and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, but also, through its unique newspaper-publishing practice, wrote a glorious chapter about faith and perseverance in the history of the Party and the history of the press. This original aspiration of running a newspaper and this spirit of struggle, tempered in the flames of war, transcend time and space, becoming more vibrant or relevant as time passes (历久弥新, li jiu mi xin - "pass, long, time, even more, new").

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Tianjin Municipal Party School Holds Special Study Session on Volumes One and Two of Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture

(Study Times report)
On October 13, the Party School of the Tianjin Municipal Committee of the CPC (Tianjin Administration Institute) held a collective study session of the theoretical study center group of the school (institute) committee, studying and understanding thoroughly (深学细悟, shen xue xi wu - "deeply study, finely comprehend") Xi Jinping's cultural thought, earnestly studying volumes one and two of the Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Culture, and conducting study, exchange, and discussion closely linked to ideological reality and work practice. Xu Ying, Executive Vice President (Vice President) in charge of daily work, presided over the meeting and delivered a speech; committee members Zhang Jian, Cong Yi, and Sun Bin attended.

At the meeting, Wan Xiping, Director and Professor of the Department of Philosophy Teaching and Research (High-Tech Experience Center), delivered a special guidance lecture, systematically explaining the historical background, major significance, core essence, and practical requirements of the formation of Xi Jinping's cultural thought. Members of the theoretical study center group of the school (institute) committee exchanged their learning experiences and insights one by one, combining the special guidance lecture with their self-study.

Xu Ying emphasized that this central group study session should be taken as an opportunity to continuously promote the study, implementation, and deepening of Xi Jinping's cultural thought, adhere to leading by example from the top (以上率下, yi shang lv xia - "above, lead down") as demonstration and guidance, coordinate and make good use of all kinds of learning resources, earnestly strengthen theoretical study among Party members and cadres throughout the school, continuously consolidate the ideological foundation, and firmly grasp the political direction of running the school and administering education. It is necessary to uphold the functional positioning of the main front for cadre education and training, continuously optimize the curriculum system for main training programs, fully explore and make good use of Tianjin's local cultural resources, promote Xi Jinping's cultural thought into textbooks, into classrooms, and into minds, and continuously enhance the cultural literacy of Party members and cadres and their capacity for ideological work. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of the Party school in theoretical research and policy consultation, closely follow the deployment requirements for building Tianjin into a culturally strong city, and produce a batch of in-depth, down-to-earth and practical (接地气, jie di qi - "touch, earth, breath") theoretical articles and policy consultation reports. It is necessary to actively carry out theoretical propaganda, solidly do the work of propagating and disseminating the Party's innovative theories, effectively transform the results of learning into the Party school's responsibility in serving Tianjin's high-quality development, and contribute the Party school's wisdom and strength to writing a new chapter of Chinese modernization in Tianjin.

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Party School of Anhui Provincial Party Committee Hosts "Long March Suite" Symphony Concert, Creating an Immersive Artistic Party Lecture

(Study Times report)
Recently, the artistic party lecture "Long March Suite — Symphony Choral Concert Commemorating the 90th Anniversary of the Victory of the Long March," hosted by the Party School of the Anhui Provincial Party Committee (Anhui Academy of Governance) and performed by the Anhui Orchestra, was grandly staged in the auditorium of the Student Center. Leaders of the school (academy) and all students of the main training programs watched the performance on site.

The entire performance was divided into ten movements, including "Farewell," "Breaking Through the Blockade Line," "Zunyi Conference Radiates Glory," "Crossing the Chishui River Four Times with Surprise Troops," "Flying Over the Dadu River," "Crossing Snowy Mountains and Grasslands," "Arriving at Wuqi Town," "Celebrating Victory," "Reporting Good News," and "Grand Rally of Forces," integrating symphony, chorus, solo singing, recitation, and other artistic forms. With profound and concise lyrics, fresh and beautiful melodies, and rich ethnic style, it displayed the magnificent journey of the Red Army's 25,000-li Long March, eulogized the revolutionary spirit of the Red Army in undergoing many hardships and dangers (历尽艰险, li jin jian xian - "pass through, end, hard, dangerous") and ultimately achieving victory, and embodied the unyielding and indomitable (不屈不挠, bu qu bu nao - "not, yield, not, bend") will of the Chinese nation to stand on its own among the nations of the world. The majestic momentum of the symphony and the magnificent singing of the choir shone brilliantly in coordination with each other (交相辉映, jiao xiang hui ying - "interchange, each other, shine, reflect"), complemented by the reciters' heartfelt narration, allowing the audience to look back on the eventful years amid the red melodies and feel the power of faith.

The students who watched the performance expressed one after another that they should stand firm in the new era and the new journey, take the revolutionary forebears as their example, bear in mind the Party's arduous journey, draw from the great spirit of the Long March the mighty driving force for forging ahead through hardships (砥砺前行, di li qian xing - "grind, whet, front, walk") and taking on responsibilities with action, and, with a high-spirited and enterprising attitude and practical efforts in fulfilling their duties, walk well the Long March road of the new era, striving to write the Anhui chapter of Chinese modernization.

(Jiang Miao)

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Academic Seminar "Carrying Forward the Long March Spirit, Bravely Undertaking the Mission of Development" Held

(Study Times report)
To profoundly commemorate the immortal feats of the Long March and to conduct in-depth discussion of the rich connotations, historical significance, and contemporary value of the Long March spirit, on October 14, the academic seminar "Carrying Forward the Long March Spirit, Bravely Undertaking the Mission of Development" was held in Hong'an, jointly sponsored by the Hubei Provincial Society of CPC History, the Hubei Provincial New Fourth Army Research Association, and the Hong'an Branch School (Institute) of the Party School of the Hubei Provincial Committee (Hubei Hong'an Cadre College). More than 80 experts and scholars from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the former Party History Research Office of the CPC Central Committee, the China New Fourth Army Research Association, the Hubei Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, as well as relevant cadre colleges, universities, and Party history research departments, engaged in in-depth discussion and exchange on how to carry forward the Long March spirit, bravely undertake the mission of development, and walk well the Long March road of the new era.

This seminar collected more than 300 papers, bringing together Party history workers, teaching and research personnel, and young research forces from various localities, and produced a batch of high-quality academic achievements with solid historical materials and novel perspectives. The seminar was divided into two segments: keynote speeches and group discussions. Eight experts and scholars delivered in-depth expositions focusing on such topics as the historical facts of the Long March, the course of the Long March of the 25th Red Army, and the contemporary value of the Long March spirit; in the group discussions, the authors of the selected papers were expressing one's own views (各抒己见, ge shu ji jian - "each, express, self, opinion"), with clashing ideas, further broadening the research horizons of Long March history and the carrying forward of the Long March spirit, consolidating academic consensus, and jointly discussing good strategies for the revitalization and utilization of related red resources.

Experts attending the meeting stated that one must deeply grasp the milestone significance of the victory of the Long March; in the new era, interpreting the contemporary value of the Long March spirit requires building a firm spiritual pillar of ideals and convictions and consolidating the ideological foundation for undertaking work and starting undertakings; unleashing the powerful driving force of the Long March spirit in overcoming all kinds of difficulties (攻坚克难, gong jian ke nan - "attack, tough, overcome, difficulty") and advancing courageously, so as to calmly respond to all kinds of risks and challenges; carrying forward the value orientation of seeking truth from facts and united struggle, as well as the family-nation sentiment of serving the people and the country, and walking well the Long March road of the new era through solid work, so as to promote the continuous transmission and dissemination of red history. All participants agreed that the people of Hubei made major historical contributions in supporting the Long March. It is necessary to rely on solid historical materials to clarify Hubei's historical position in the course of the Long March, to sort out and refine from multiple angles the red spirit embodied in the dedication and sacrifice of the soldiers and civilians of Jingchu, and to promote the transformation of historical research achievements into spiritual momentum for forging ahead in the new era. It is necessary to deeply explore the historical connections between old revolutionary base areas such as Hong'an and the Long March, inherit the red genes, and help promote the development of the old base areas.

This seminar is both a commemoration of the 90th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March and will effectively promote the work of carrying forward the Long March spirit in the new era, facilitating the transformation of research achievements in related Party history and military history, and empowering Hubei to accelerate the building of itself into an important strategic fulcrum for the rise of the central region, so that such work is carried out in depth and with solid results.

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Jiangsu Provincial Party School Launches "Local Gazetteers Entering the Provincial Party School" Initiative

(Study Times report) On October 19, the launch ceremony for the "Local Gazetteers Entering the Provincial Party School" initiative was held at the Jiangsu Provincial Party School (School of Administration). Yang Ming, Executive Vice President (Vice Dean), and Yang Zhonghua, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Director of the Provincial Local Gazetteers Office, attended and delivered speeches.

Yang Ming pointed out that local gazetteers carry the wisdom and philosophical thought of our predecessors, embody the memory and emotions of the nation, and continue the roots and soul of regional cultural heritage. They are an important vehicle for China's excellent traditional culture and an important textbook for Party members and cadres to learn from history to understand the present (鉴古知今, jian gu zhi jin - "examine ancient, know present") and to enhance their ability to perform their duties. Promoting gazetteer culture into the Party school is a concrete practice of creatively transforming and innovatively developing China's excellent traditional culture, and also a beneficial exploration of giving full play to the educational function of gazetteers and improving the effectiveness of cadre education and training. It is of great significance for guiding Party members and cadres to grasp the laws of development from the depths of history, strengthen cultural confidence, and temper their original aspiration and founding mission.

Yang Ming emphasized that it is necessary to continuously expand the depth and breadth of "Local Gazetteers Entering the Provincial Party School," and to continuously build, manage, and make good use of the Provincial Gazetteers Museum's Provincial Party School Branch. It is necessary to deeply explore the contemporary value of gazetteer resources, integrate the achievements of gazetteers and yearbooks into all aspects of Party school teaching, research, and campus culture construction, deepen collaborative research on topics between the school and local areas, and enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of education on national conditions, provincial conditions, and people's conditions. It is necessary to make good use of the red resources in gazetteers, based on the position of Party spirit education as the main course and primary duty, innovate teaching methods, integrate educational resources, promote the deep integration of Party spirit education and gazetteer learning, make Party spirit education more vivid, profound, and vivid and substantial (有血有肉, you xue you rou - "have blood, have flesh"), and guide students to temper their Party spirit and character and enhance their abilities and skills through forging the soul with history and cultivating people through culture.

At the launch ceremony, the Provincial Local Gazetteers Office presented the literature "Jiangsu Local Gazetteers" to the Provincial Party School.

All school leaders, all students of the 60th session of the provincial management cadre advanced training class, leaders of the Provincial Local Gazetteers Office, and heads of relevant departments of the Provincial Party School attended the launch ceremony.

(Su Xiao Xuan)

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Party School of the CPC Chongqing Municipal Committee Holds Opening Ceremony for Second Batch of Main Training Classes of 2026 Autumn Semester

(Study Times report)
On October 13, the Party School of the Chongqing Municipal Committee of the CPC (Chongqing Administration Institute) held the opening ceremony for the second batch of main training classes of the autumn semester. Liu Xiaowu (刘晓吾), Executive Vice President (Vice Dean), attended and delivered a mobilization speech at the opening ceremony.

At the opening ceremony, all trainees collectively watched the video of the speech delivered by Ma Zhen (马震), member of the Standing Committee of the Municipal Committee and head of the Organization Department, at the opening ceremony of the autumn semester.

In his speech, Liu Xiaowu pointed out that since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, from a strategic and overall perspective, has creatively put forward the major proposition of "Party political construction," incorporated it into the overall layout of Party construction, and placed it first as the Party's fundamental construction, effectively promoting the new great project of Party construction in the new era to achieve historic achievements and undergo historic changes. It is necessary to deeply understand and grasp the great significance, leading position, and core essence of Party political construction in Party construction in the new era, continuously enhance the consciousness and firmness of using Party political construction to lead all aspects of construction, and make new and greater contributions to striving to write a Chongqing chapter of Chinese modernization.

Liu Xiaowu emphasized that it is necessary to comprehensively grasp the key requirements of Party political construction, treat it as a lifelong subject for Party members and cadres, and implement it throughout the entire process of undertaking work and starting businesses. First, it is necessary to build solid political loyalty. Loyalty to the Party is the primary political quality and the fundamental cornerstone for Party members and cadres to establish themselves and their careers. It is necessary to always be loyal to the Party's faith, the Party's organization, and the Party's cause, adhere to the Party's principles first, the Party's cause first, and the people's interests first, unswervingly and thoroughly (不折不扣, bu zhe bu kou - "not fold, not subtract") implement the decisions and deployments of the Central Committee and the Municipal Committee, and implement the love for the Party, concern for the Party, revitalization of the Party, and protection of the Party in one's own post. Second, it is necessary to strictly abide by political rules. Political discipline is the most important, most fundamental, and most critical discipline. It is necessary to deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the Two Establishments (两个确立), enhance the ideological, political, and action consciousness of achieving the Two Upholds (两个维护), strengthen organizational concepts, obey organizational decisions, be highly vigilant against the "seven types of problems," and achieve resolute response to what the Party Central Committee advocates, resolute implementation of what the Party Central Committee decides, and resolute refusal to do what the Party Central Committee prohibits. Third, it is necessary to improve political capability. Among the various capabilities needed by cadres to do their work well, political capability is the primary one. It is necessary to firmly establish the awareness of viewing things politically and handling things politically, improve political judgment, political understanding, and political execution, always pay attention to current political affairs, always care about what the Party Central Committee cares about and emphasizes, persist in using the spirit of the Party Central Committee to analyze situations and promote work, pay attention to preventing political risks, and ensure that "when the General Secretary issues orders and the Party Central Committee makes deployments, Chongqing takes action" is carried through consistently. Fourth, it is necessary to cultivate a political ecosystem. The political ecosystem concerns the Party's work style and government conduct, and concerns the overall situation of career development. It is necessary to establish a correct orientation for selecting and employing people, strengthen the construction of political culture within the Party, establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, comprehensively and thoroughly eliminate the influence of poisonous remnants, and create a positive, healthy, and good environment for undertaking work and starting businesses. Fifth, it is necessary to maintain political integrity. Political integrity is the gene of the political life of Party members and cadres. It is necessary to cultivate the required course of political morality, understand great virtue, uphold public virtue, and strictly practice private virtue, calculate the economic account, the legal and disciplinary account, and the conscience account, purify the social circle, life circle, and circle of friends, be completely honest and upright (清清白白, qing qing bai bai - "clear, clear, white, white") in conducting oneself and be completely clean and tidy (干干净净, gan gan jing jing - "dry, dry, clean, clean") in doing things, and forever maintain the political integrity of being clean and honest.

Liu Xiaowu encouraged all trainees to cherish the learning opportunities and hand in a high-scoring "answer sheet" for Party School study and training. It is necessary to make efforts in deepening theoretical arming, maintain a "empty cup mentality," treat theoretical study as a political responsibility and spiritual pursuit, and learn and use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era well. It is necessary to seek breakthroughs in promoting the combination of learning and application, focus on the city's key work, actively write consultation reports and carry out exchange and discussion, achieving "coming with problems and leaving with solutions." It is necessary to set an example in tempering the style of study and work style, strictly implement the spirit of the Central Committee's Eight-Point Regulation, consciously obey closed management and teaching arrangements, properly handle the contradiction between work and study, and demonstrate the good image of Chongqing cadres in the new era.

Xie Laiwei (谢来位), Director of Education, explained the teaching arrangements. Liu Junhua (刘君华), Vice President (Vice Dean) and Director of the Academic Affairs Office, presided over the ceremony. All trainees of the second batch of main training classes of the autumn semester attended the opening ceremony.

(Ke Wang)

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Guizhou Provincial Party Committee Party School Innovatively Establishes Three Teaching and Research Centers

Facing the new requirements of full coverage in basic training and standardized curricula, in October 2026, the Party School (School of Administration) of the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee, focusing on its main responsibilities, main business, and main courses, and concentrating its efforts on serving basic training, innovatively established, on the basis of the existing teaching and research department structure, a Teaching and Research Center for Party Innovative Theory Education, a Teaching and Research Center for Party Spirit Education, and a Teaching and Research Center for Duty Performance Capability Training. Coordinating curriculum development, faculty cultivation, and teaching evaluation along the three main lines of Party innovative theory education, Party spirit education, and duty performance capability training, it achieved the optimization and upgrading of teaching strength from working in isolation without teamwork (单兵作战, dan bing zuo zhan - "single soldier, fight battle") to "team-based tackling of tough problems."

The Teaching and Research Center for Party Innovative Theory Education aims to make theoretical education more systematic. The center undertakes the teaching and research tasks for 26 courses on Party innovative theory education and 17 courses on Xi Jinping's Party building thought, taking "complete explanation, accurate explanation, deep explanation, and thorough explanation" as its basic requirements, and establishing normalized mechanisms for collective discussion, demonstration lectures, and expert commentary. Centering on filling in the courses stipulated in the Curriculum System and Teaching Outline for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the center promptly develops new courses, polishes and improves existing courses, conducts investigation and research, tracks research cases, dynamically updates lecture content, and builds a dynamically optimized theoretical education system.

The Teaching and Research Center for Party Spirit Education aims to make Party spirit education more profound. The center undertakes the teaching and research tasks for 33 Party spirit education courses. Based on Guizhou's advantage of abundant red resources, it transforms revolutionary sites and relics such as the Zunyi Conference, the Gouba Conference, and the Four Crossings of the Chishui River into "living teaching materials" for on-site Party spirit education, highlights themes such as education on correct views of political achievements, grassroots work methods, and inheriting the red gene, and strives to build boutique on-site teaching routes and on-site teaching courses, forming a "Guizhou model" for on-site Party spirit education with national influence.

The Teaching and Research Center for Duty Performance Capability Training aims to make capability training more targeted. The center builds its curriculum framework around the four major sections of "political capability, economic development capability, social governance capability, and Party building practical capability," closely follows the provincial party committee and provincial government's key work such as the "Four New and Four Modernizations," "precise development of rich mineral resources," and revitalizing assets, and dynamically updates the course catalog in light of cadres' capability shortcomings and weaknesses. The center takes "investigation and research" as teaching content for classes lasting more than two months, proactively connects with relevant departments to understand work difficulties, makes connections in training courses and content, and enables duty performance capability training to precisely align with Guizhou's needs for high-quality development.

"The construction of the three teaching and research centers has given teachers a unified 'dispatch room.' Which courses need polishing, which need to be newly built, and which need iterative upgrading can all be promoted in a coordinated manner on one platform," said Li Xiaolan, dean of the School of Marxism. This reform has upgraded the past course construction model of "working in isolation without teamwork" to "team-based tackling of tough problems," providing a new "main engine" for the construction of the basic training curriculum system.

The main responsible comrades of the school (academy) stated that the teaching and research centers are not newly established institutions, but rather a systematic reshaping of teaching organization methods. The three teaching and research centers will establish a strong awareness of main responsibilities, main business, and main courses, a clear awareness of standards and norms, and a strong awareness of proactively striving for first-class results, continuously focus on main responsibilities, main business, and main courses, persist in polishing and improving, and fill in the course list to carry out work, turning "collective discussion, expert commentary, and demonstration lectures" into the norm, forming a mechanism for "dynamic updating, tracking research, and case development," and truly making the teaching and research centers the "power source" for the high-quality development of basic training.

(An Huaiyu, You Zhenglan)

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Shaanxi Provincial Party School advances counterpart assistance to Xinjiang with tangible results

(Study Times report)
On October 16, the five-day off-site training program for young and middle-aged cadres at the Party School (School of Administration) of the Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture Party Committee of Xinjiang concluded successfully at the Party School (School of Administration) of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee. The holding of this training program was an important practice in implementing the work arrangements for counterpart assistance to Xinjiang and deepening collaboration and exchange.

This year marks the inaugural year of Shaanxi Province's counterpart assistance to Xinjiang. The school (academy) regards counterpart assistance to Xinjiang as a major political task, takes intellectual assistance to Xinjiang as the entry point and breakthrough, and promotes all work in a comprehensively coordinated and integrated manner, ensuring that all tasks are carried out in an orderly and effective manner and produce tangible results. Leaders of the school (academy) led teams to the Party School (School of Administration) of the Bortala Prefecture Party Committee to carry out counterpart support work, signing a framework agreement on counterpart assistance covering key areas such as teaching, scientific research, and talent team building, with the aim of building an all-round, systematic, and in-depth collaboration pattern, and exploring cooperation paths and consolidating the practical foundation for the two party schools to work together to build a joint endeavor; applying efforts with precision to connotation development and faculty team building, dispatching expert professors to carry out assistance activities such as polishing and guiding special courses, excavating red border-defense resources, innovating on-site teaching models, and refining teaching cases, with the three courses given key guidance each being rated as excellent courses in the fourth "Seven Schools of the Corps and Localities" competition with first-place results in their respective groups; leveraging Shaanxi's unique red resource advantages, organizing the Yan'an Spirit publicity team to carry out the themed publicity activity "Same Source on the Silk Road, Shaanxi and Xinjiang of One Heart," guiding local Party members and cadres to inherit the red gene and temper their ability to perform their duties; assisting in opening academic platforms such as CNKI, promoting the sharing of academic digital resources, and consolidating the foundation for scientific research informatization.

(Hou Guojie)

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Vigorously Implement the Strategy of Strengthening the School Through Talent to Promote High-Quality Development of Party School Work

In recent years, the Shanghai Municipal Party School (School of Administration) of the CPC Central Committee has practiced the original aspiration of a party school of "cultivating talent for the Party and offering counsel for the Party," insisted on integrating the study of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building with the study of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on party school work, and combining their application. It has vigorously implemented the strategy of strengthening the school through talent, using political construction to cast the soul and set the direction, institutional construction to consolidate the foundation and strengthen the base, reform and innovation to stimulate vitality, and a systematic approach to coordinate the overall situation, striving to forge a high-quality, professional talent team with strong politics, firm convictions, refined professional skills, and upright conduct.

Adhere to taking political construction as the guide and run "the Party school's adherence to the Party's nature" through the entire process of talent work. Party school teachers stand on the Party's platform and teach the Party's theory, and their political literacy is directly related to the accuracy and authority of the interpretation and dissemination of the Party's innovative theory. First, establish a political yardstick. Deeply integrate team building into the overall layout of the school's (academy's) career development, first clarify political standards, then plan development paths, and calibrate the political positioning and forward direction of cadre and talent work from the source. Second, strictly guard the political gateway. Strictly enforce political checks in all links such as talent introduction, cadre promotion, post adjustment, professional title evaluation, and evaluation of excellence and merit; establish a liaison officer system to grasp the daily performance of cadres and talents at close range and on a regular basis, and assess political quality accurately and concretely from multiple angles. Third, fasten the "first button" of newly recruited teachers. Through induction talks to clarify orientation, pre-job training to consolidate the foundation, and intensive study of classics to forge loyalty, guide newly recruited teachers to establish ideological consciousness of loyalty to the Party at the beginning of their careers.

Adhere to taking institutional construction as the starting point and bring all talent work into a standardized track. Talent work is highly policy-oriented, involves a wide range of areas, and attracts high attention. It is necessary to weave a tight institutional cage in an all-round way, build a systematic, complete, coherent, practical, and effective institutional system, and ensure the standardization and efficiency of work through rigid implementation of institutions. First, build a tiered and categorized training system. Establish a "1+4" faculty training system, with the "Measures for Faculty Training Work" as the guide, supplemented by four types of special training plans for young talents, teaching and research backbone, famous teachers and masters, and management and service personnel, so that all personnel have a basis for training, a path for growth, and a guarantee for echelon building. Second, build unified and coherent assessment indicators. Coordinate and integrate assessment indicators such as talent introduction, professional title evaluation, and post setting with innovation project assessment indicators, effectively solving problems such as multiple assessments and inconsistent standards, making the assessment "baton" more precise and powerful. Third, build a closed-loop and standardized management process. Revise systems such as mentor guidance, overseas (border) study visits, leave and attendance, regulate off-campus lecture behavior, promote refined and standardized daily management, and form a closed loop of management work.

Adhere to taking reform and innovation as the driving force to stimulate the endogenous momentum of team building. Strengthening the school through talent cannot be achieved by trying to accomplish everything in one single effort (毕其功于一役, bi qi gong yu yi yi - "finish, all, achieve, at, one, battle"); it is necessary to adhere to a problem-oriented approach, focus on bottlenecks and difficulties with precise efforts, reshape systems and mechanisms with reform thinking, and activate team effectiveness with innovative measures. First, promote the reform of internal institutions so that responsibilities return to their proper places. Promote business departments to focus on the main responsibilities and main business of teaching, research, consultation, and governance, and administrative departments to do solid service and support work, forming an operational pattern of each performing its own duties and coordinated linkage. Second, deepen the reform of the talent development system and mechanism so that the team's vitality bursts forth. Innovate the talent introduction mechanism and issue the "Implementation Measures for Talent Introduction"; improve the talent utilization mechanism, with a 3-year assessment cycle and competitive selection for posts, making "able to go up and able to come down" gradually the norm; improve the evaluation mechanism, jointly issuing with the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau the evaluation measures for professional titles of system teachers, resolutely breaking the "four onlys" and striving to establish new standards; optimize the incentive mechanism, deepen the reform of performance-based pay, improve the distribution method of rewarding excellent performance with excellent pay, and give teaching and research departments more authority over assessment and incentives. Third, promote the reform of the talent cultivation mechanism so that the growth echelon takes shape. Follow the laws of talent growth, adhere to "grasping both ends and driving the middle," implement the famous teacher project, clarify the selection criteria and safeguard measures for famous teachers, and select and appoint the first batch of 5 famous party school teachers; implement the young teacher cultivation project, clarify cultivation paths and growth goals, and cultivate 36 young teachers in the first round.

Adhere to taking a systematic approach as the method to promote an overall leap in team building effectiveness. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building contains distinct systematic thinking and scientific methodology. Team building is a complex systematic project where a single small change affecting the entire situation (牵一发而动全身, qian yi fa er dong quan shen - "pull, one, hair, then, move, whole, body") is at play; it is necessary to strengthen overall planning, strategic thinking, and holistic advancement, playing "one game of chess" well and calculating the "long-term account" well. First, emphasize overall planning. Formulate two "five-year plans" for cadre and talent team building, establish a working mechanism for special research by the school committee, and form a working pattern of upper and lower linkage, working together in a coordinated manner (齐抓共管, qi zhua gong guan - "together, grasp, jointly, manage"), and coordinated advancement. Second, deepen strategic thinking. Based on the school's (academy's) curriculum map and discipline map, explore the construction of a faculty map, promote the deep integration and synergistic empowerment of the three maps of curriculum, discipline, and faculty, and realize the "integration of the three maps." Third, adhere to holistic advancement. Focus on the key links of "introduction, cultivation, management, and utilization" and exert force across the entire chain. "Introduction" highlights precision, scientifically calculating the scale of personnel recruitment and allocation, regularly going to key universities for recruitment publicity, and proactively establishing excellent talent recommendation mechanisms with relevant departments and schools. "Cultivation" highlights tiering and categorization, promoting individualized cultivation and implementing "one policy for one person." "Management" highlights strictness and practicality, doing solid political supervision and daily supervision, and consolidating the responsibility for building teacher ethics and scientific research integrity. "Utilization" highlights practical work and actual results, vigorously selecting cadres who dare to take responsibility and have outstanding achievements; the results of the "one report and two evaluations" have ranked first in the city for two consecutive years; the high-end talent team continues to grow, with 18 in-service personnel having received a total of 20 high-level talent project supports; the second round of the Marxist Theory Innovation Project is being solidly advanced, completing 7 A-category indicators and 560 B-category indicators in the past two years.

(Cadre and Personnel Division, Shanghai Municipal Party School (School of Administration))

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Fourth Dalian "Yinshatan Forum" Held

(Study Times report)
On October 16, the Fourth Dalian "Yinshatan Forum" was held at the Dalian Municipal Party School (School of Administration). Sun Qingguo, Vice President (Vice Dean) of the Liaoning Provincial Party School (School of Administration), and Yang Daigang, Executive Vice President (Executive Vice Dean) of the Dalian Municipal Party School (School of Administration), attended and delivered speeches.

Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the forum closely followed the theme of "Innovation-Driven Empowerment for High-Quality Development of the 'Two Pilot Zones'," and was structured around three segments: keynote reports, sub-forum discussions, and release of outcomes. Anchored to Dalian's strategic positioning as the "Two Pilot Zones" and "Three Centers," the forum pooled wisdom from all sides, expounded on the practical achievements of the Party's innovative theory in Dalian, and gathered intellectual support for Dalian to serve as the "vanguard" of Liaoning's revitalization and the "high jumper" of Northeast revitalization, and to write the Dalian chapter of Chinese modernization.

During the keynote speech segment, Guo Xu, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dean of the School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering at Dalian University of Technology, delivered a speech on the theme "Seizing the Development Opportunities of the New Generation of Information Technology to Promote High-Quality Development of Industrial Software," proposing that we should seize the development opportunities of the new generation of information technology, adhere to both independent innovation and open collaboration, resolutely win the tough battle for industrial software, accelerate the resolution of "bottleneck" problems, and provide solid software support for enhancing the resilience and security level of China's industrial and supply chains and realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Wang Yiming, former Deputy Director of the Development Research Center of the State Council, focusing on the theme of "A Healthy Cycle of Technology, Industry, and Finance Shaping New Advantages for High-Quality Urban Development," pointed out that in the face of the surging wave of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the old industrial base in the Northeast should take the lead in establishing a healthy, positive cycle (良性循环, liang xing xun huan - "good, nature, cycle") among technology, industry, and finance, and win the initiative in the new round of urban competition.

During the sub-forum discussion segment, participating experts and scholars conducted in-depth discussions on four themes: "The Party's Innovative Theory Leading High-Quality Development of the 'Two Pilot Zones'," "Deep Integration of Scientific and Technological Innovation with Industrial Innovation," "Governance Innovation Empowering Regional Development," and "Digital Intelligence Building a Solid Foundation for Security and High-Quality Development," producing a batch of countermeasure suggestions that are both targeted and forward-looking.

The forum also released the "Dalian Business Environment Blue Book 2026," jointly compiled by the Dalian Municipal Party School, the Municipal Data Bureau, and the Economic Committee of the Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

The Dalian "Yinshatan Forum" is the only local academic forum retained in Dalian, filed with the Publicity Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Since 2023, it has been held once a year, consistently focusing on the theme of high-quality development of Dalian's "Two Pilot Zones." More than 300 people participated, including representatives from Party schools of various districts, counties, and cities in Dalian, authors of papers from research bases of the Municipal Academy of Social Sciences, representatives from universities and research institutes within the province, some trainees, and journalists from news media.

(Qian Yitong)

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Wuhan Municipal Party School Establishes "Five Co-Construction" Development Mechanism to Promote Coordinated Development of Party Schools Across the City

The Party School of the CPC Wuhan Municipal Committee (School of Administration) has thoroughly implemented the "Regulations on the Work of Party Schools (Schools of Administration) of the Communist Party of China" and the requirements of relevant documents, established a "five co-construction" development mechanism, strengthened overall planning and guidance, resource integration, and characteristic cultivation, and promoted the coordinated development of Party schools across the city and the overall improvement of their educational standards.

Focusing on jointly running training programs to improve teaching quality as a whole. First, we have consolidated collective lesson preparation, holding collective lesson preparation sessions on topics such as "Establishing and Practicing a Correct View of Political Achievements" and "Studying and Implementing Xi Jinping's Thought on Party Building," organizing new topics from municipal and district-level Party schools to be reviewed on the same platform, learning from each other and mutually learning from one another (互学互鉴, hu xue hu jian - "mutually, learn, mutually, examine"), and improving the quality of curriculum development. Second, we have consolidated joint school operation, leveraging the Party School of the Municipal Committee's position as a base, cooperating with 13 district-level Party schools to run 21 training classes, training 947 trainees, and helping district-level Party schools with weaker foundations complete their basic training tasks. Third, we have consolidated classroom connectivity, coordinating and linking the teaching plans of municipal and district Party schools, promoting the extension of high-quality teaching resources to the grassroots through a "main classroom + branch classroom" model, achieving the effect that "when one school invites experts, multiple schools benefit together."

Focusing on jointly conducting research on topics to improve scientific research standards as a whole. First, we have strengthened research teams, organizing 11 Party schools and 15 functional departments to jointly build 20 teams, conducting more than 50 organized research activities around the key work of Party committees and governments, and promoting the close integration of the theoretical advantages of Party schools with the practical advantages of functional departments. Second, we have strengthened the guidance of research topics, improving the topic management mechanism of the city's Party school system, and strengthening full-cycle guidance covering "topic selection and project initiation, mid-term supervision, acceptance and project conclusion, and transformation of results." From January to September this year, the number of theoretical articles published in core journals and newspapers and periodicals at or above the provincial and ministerial level increased by 14% year-on-year. Third, we have made full use of advisory and consultation channels, selecting and polishing high-quality advisory reports from municipal and district Party schools, directly reporting them to relevant departments through municipal-level platforms. This year, 10 reports have received instructions from national and provincial-ministerial leaders, the highest number in recent years.

Focusing on jointly cultivating talent to improve the quality of the teaching staff as a whole. First, we have strengthened the foundation through training, continuing to run teacher training classes for the city's Party school system, inviting experts from the Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance) and other units to provide special guidance on teaching, research, and consultation methods, consolidating the foundation of professional competence, and striving to achieve full coverage of training for full-time teachers within five years. Second, we have improved capabilities through pairing, establishing a "pairing and mentoring" mechanism, organizing 14 teachers from the Party School of the Municipal Committee to form "pairing partnerships" with 26 young teachers from district-level Party schools, participating in 121 class hours of new topic review, fine course polishing, and guidance on scientific research and decision-making consultation. Third, we have promoted teaching through competition, alternately holding selection events for lecture-style and interactive fine courses in the city's Party school system, creating a strong atmosphere of competing with one another to improve (比学赶超, bi xue gan chao - "compare, learn, catch up, surpass") and striving to create fine courses, helping young teachers progress from "standing on the podium" to "standing firm on the podium."

Focusing on sharing resources to improve usage efficiency as a whole. First, we have shared courses, enriching and improving the city's Party school system's database of full-time and part-time teachers and courses, adhering to strict access standards and dynamic updates, and achieving city-wide coordination and on-demand deployment of high-quality teachers and courses. Second, we have shared venues, building a database of on-site teaching points for the city's Party school system by theme, with municipal and district-level Party schools jointly developing a number of on-site teaching courses, and supporting district-level Party schools in making good use of the "1+9" themed training rooms of the Party School of the Municipal Committee. Third, we have shared information, proactively extending the "Wuhan Red Resources Database" self-built by the Party School of the Municipal Committee and externally purchased professional databases to district-level Party schools, and orderly opening the "Smart Campus" platform's teaching, research, and consultation management system, effectively reducing duplicate investment in informatization.

Focusing on jointly creating first-class standards to improve overall school operation effectiveness. First, we have clarified first-class goals, with the Party School of the Municipal Committee building a "5+27" indicator system, formulating business work plans for the city's Party school system, guiding district-level Party schools to clarify the development goals and priorities of the 15th Five-Year Plan, and forming a development pattern of "leading geese guiding, a flock of geese flying in formation." Second, we have deepened characteristic development, adhering to overall planning and guidance, classified construction, and adapting methods to suit the specific school's conditions (因校制宜, yin xiao zhi yi - "according to, school, determine, appropriate"), organizing district-level Party schools to base themselves on their own advantages and functional positioning, diligently creating "one school, one brand," and cultivating distinctive school operation brands. Third, we have strengthened business guidance, improving the "1+3+3" mechanism, holding special seminars on teaching, research, and consultation and work exchange day activities for the city's Party school system, with all school leaders of the Party School of the Municipal Committee conducting research at counterpart district-level Party schools, and supervising the implementation of basic training to ensure that all who should be trained are trained, and that quality and efficiency are improved.

(Li Chi)

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Qingdao Municipal Party School Holds Launch Ceremony for New Book

(Study Times report)
On October 10, the launch ceremony for the new book The Wind Rises Between Mountains and Seas — Qingdao Stories of Chinese Modernization, compiled by the Qingdao Municipal Party School (School of Administration) and published by the Central Party School Press, was held at the Qingdao Municipal Party School (School of Administration). At the ceremony, Yue Guofeng (岳国峰), Executive Vice President (Vice Dean) in charge of daily work, and Yan Hongwei (严宏伟), Deputy Director of the Central Party School Press, delivered speeches in turn and jointly unveiled the new book.

Closely following the major epochal proposition of Chinese modernization, and grounded in Qingdao's mission requirement of "hosting one major event well, invigorating the entire city," the book systematically reviews Qingdao's practical explorations in the fields of maritime strategy, opening up, industrial upgrading, urban governance, and improvement of people's livelihoods. It vividly records Qingdao's striving course in concentrating efforts on building the "10+1" innovative industrial system, the "4+4+2" modern marine industrial system, and the ten major modern service industries, and profoundly elucidates the Qingdao path and Qingdao model of Chinese modernization.

The "Stories of Chinese Modernization" book series is a key publishing project jointly planned by the Central Party School Press together with Party schools (schools of administration) across various localities, and selected for the National Publication Foundation. Taking cities as samples and stories as vehicles, the series transforms the grand theory of Chinese modernization into tangible, perceivable, and referential local practical cases, striving to ensure that theory takes root in practice and practice confirms theory.

Going forward, the book will serve as an important reader for Qingdao's cadre education and training, municipal conditions research and interpretation, and urban cultural dissemination, continuously playing a positive role in conveying principles through literature (以文载道, yi wen zai dao - "use, literature, carry, way"), advising governance through books, and promoting action through learning, so as to consolidate ideological consensus and gather striving strength for Qingdao's accelerated construction of a modern socialist international metropolis in the new era.

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Innovate paired-assistance mechanisms to enhance the governance and educational standards of grassroots Party schools

The Party School of the Qingbaijiang District Committee of the Communist Party of China in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, has thoroughly implemented the provincial Party school system's paired-assistance work arrangements, deepened normalized paired cooperation with the Party School of the Jiulong County Committee of the Communist Party of China in the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and innovatively constructed a four-dimensional coordinated paired-assistance mechanism of "joint class operation, joint talent cultivation, joint faculty development, and shared base utilization," promoting the deep transformation of paired assistance from one-way "blood transfusion support" to two-way "hematopoietic win-win cooperation," effectively raising the overall level of school operation and governance of grassroots Party schools.

Adhere to joint class operation to achieve full sharing of training resources across the region. In response to the real shortcomings of weak cadre training resources and insufficient supply of high-quality classes in ethnic regions, through joint class operation, joint resource sharing, and coordinated education, broaden the channels for cadre education and training, achieve precise downward delivery and full coverage of high-quality teaching resources, and effectively improve the quality and effectiveness of cadre education and training in ethnic regions. First, carry out off-site entrusted training on a normalized basis. Fully open up Qingbaijiang's high-quality main class resources, proactively undertake off-site study and research for Jiulong County cadres, and have organized nearly 300 Jiulong grassroots cadres to participate in immersive study in key thematic classes such as grassroots Party building, rural revitalization, and grassroots governance, helping cadres in ethnic regions broaden their development horizons, update their governance concepts, and learn from advanced experience, achieving complementary sharing and efficient empowerment of cross-regional high-quality training resources. Second, carry out precise localized customized teaching delivery. Adhere to a demand-oriented, precise drip-irrigation approach, closely follow Jiulong County's development realities and grassroots governance pain points, customize high-quality courses around key areas such as industrial revitalization, ecological civilization, and emergency response, and promote the downward delivery of high-quality faculty and courses to the front line for practical application. Specially organize dedicated teaching delivery teams to go to Jiulong for centralized instruction, covering the county's leading cadres, young and middle-aged cadres, and grassroots Party members, precisely filling the capacity shortcomings of grassroots cadres.

Focus on joint talent cultivation to forge a high-quality cadre team. The Party schools of both places adhere to supporting intellectual development and empowerment, strengthening the foundation and building a solid basis (固本强基, gu ben qiang ji - "solidify foundation, strengthen base"), establish a two-way joint cultivation system for the two main bodies of the grassroots backbone team and the Party school management team, implement tiered and categorized, precise policy application, and systematic cultivation, and continuously activate the endogenous driving force of talent. First, precisely empower the growth of the grassroots backbone team. Closely following the core tasks of Jiulong County's ethnic unity and progress, grassroots social governance, and comprehensive rural revitalization, establish a cultivation model of "matching according to needs, teaching by tier, and targeted capacity enhancement." Proactively undertake 7 relevant thematic training classes for Jiulong County, implement customized and differentiated cultivation models, carefully set up teaching content with "one class, one theme," and comprehensively improve comprehensive governance capabilities in serving development, safeguarding stability, and promoting unity. Second, systematically consolidate the Party school management talent echelon. Focusing on the standardization of school operation and governance, the systematization of team building, and the standardization of operational management, build a two-way joint cultivation platform for management talent. Through backbone personnel stationed at posts for on-the-job guidance, provide whole-process guidance on key work such as school system construction, class overall planning and operation, and daily standardized management, helping improve the grassroots Party school operation and operation system; through off-site centralized study and research, organize Party school management cadres and reserve backbones to immersively learn advanced school operation concepts, governance models, and operation and maintenance experience, strive to cultivate a group of compound Party school management talents who understand management, are good at operation, and can take responsibility, and consolidate the foundation for the sustainable development of grassroots Party schools.

Deepen joint faculty development to build a strong grassroots teaching and research backbone team. The Party schools of both places deeply cultivate professional faculty capacity building, deepen the integrated working mechanism of joint faculty development, joint teaching and research, and joint capacity improvement, and through demonstration teaching, joint research, and resource exchange, precisely fill the business shortcomings of grassroots teachers. First, deeply cultivate teaching guidance to improve the professional level of classroom education. Adhere to "group teaching delivery and precise lesson polishing," focus on core business capabilities such as grassroots teachers' classroom instruction, course design, and teaching innovation, carry out demonstration teaching, teaching seminars, and one-on-one "lesson polishing" guidance on a normalized basis, arrange for teachers to deliver high-quality courses "into Jiulong," teach 9 classes for various class types at the Jiulong County Party School, and through sharing advanced teaching models, practical teaching techniques, and localized course development ideas, effectively improve local teachers' course design, classroom instruction, and teaching innovation capabilities, promoting the iterative upgrading of grassroots teaching quality and effectiveness. Second, deepen joint scientific research to enhance the capacity of think tank consultation services for development. Build a cross-regional scientific research collaboration platform, establish a working mechanism of joint topic research, academic exchange, and achievement sharing, and bidirectionally open up scientific research resources, academic platforms, and research achievements. Based on Jiulong County's development characteristics, focus on key areas such as ethnic unity, rural revitalization, and grassroots governance to jointly carry out topic research, produce high-quality research findings, and achieve breakthrough improvements in grassroots scientific research and think tank consultation. At the same time, share theoretical journals and academic achievements on a normalized basis, continuously broaden research horizons, promote the transformation of teaching and research achievements into decision-making references for serving local development, and effectively activate the think tank empowerment role of the Party school.

Promote shared base utilization to build a distinctive on-site teaching system. Relying on the complementary advantages of the resource endowments of both places, the Qingbaijiang District Party School, in conjunction with the Jiulong County Party School, deeply explores ethnic ecological and cultural tourism characteristic resources, adheres to joint construction, joint use, and joint sharing, coordinates and integrates various teaching resources, jointly builds a localized and distinctive on-site teaching matrix, fills the shortcomings of practical teaching, and constructs a three-dimensional on-site teaching system that fits the characteristics of Jiulong County cadre education. First, promote the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement of teaching bases in both directions. The Qingbaijiang District Party School comprehensively exports mature experience in on-site teaching point planning, course system development, and site management, goes deep into multiple townships in Jiulong County, conducts field research on teaching points such as cultural tourism integration, characteristic industries, and emergency training, guides the optimization of teaching routes, improves supporting facilities, and standardizes the explanation system, successfully builds localized characteristic on-site teaching bases such as rural revitalization, and fills the shortcomings of local characteristic practical teaching. Second, jointly build a distinctive teaching system. Closely following the high-standard promotion of the construction of a sense of community for the Chinese nation teaching system, deeply explore fresh cases from Jiulong County's ethnic unity and progress, Party building and cultural tourism integration, and rural revitalization front lines, build a three-dimensional teaching model of "theoretical instruction + on-site study + case discussion," innovatively develop characteristic Party lessons and thematic courses, promote the deep integration of Party spirit education and ethnic unity education, and create a distinctive teaching brand with strong recognition and high effectiveness.

(Party School of the Qingbaijiang District Committee of the Communist Party of China in Chengdu, Sichuan Province)

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Gansu Gaotai Cadre Academy

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Leveraging Red Resource Endowments to Build a Distinctive Brand for Cadre Education and Training

By: 卢润彩

In recent years, the Party School of the Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee of the CPC has thoroughly studied and implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses and important directive instructions on the work of Party schools, adhered to the original aspiration of Party schools to "cultivate talents for the Party and offer counsel for the Party," upheld the principles of building the school on distinctive features, revitalizing the school through brand building, and invigorating the school through innovation, deeply integrated teaching resources, systematically constructed three major characteristic curriculum systems—"the Xibaipo Spirit," "the Deeper the Understanding, the Deeper the Love," and "the New Era Strategy for Strengthening the Provincial Capital"—and one on-site teaching network linking the city and counties in an integrated manner, explored and formed a new "3+1" path for cadre education and training that combines a red foundation, local characteristics, and practical outcomes, and strived to provide strong talent support and intellectual safeguards for accelerating the construction of a modern, international, and beautiful provincial capital city.

Polish the red brand and build a thematic curriculum system on "the Xibaipo Spirit." "Xibaipo is a sacred site of the revolution. It was here that the Party Central Committee and Comrade Mao Zedong commanded the three major campaigns, guided the revolution to nationwide victory, and then established New China. It was here that Comrade Mao Zedong put forward the important thought of the 'Two Musts.'" The Party School of the Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee of the CPC consciously shoulders the political responsibility of inheriting the red roots, adheres to the guidance of the Party's innovative theories, dynamically improves the curriculum system and thematic design, and makes the Xibaipo Spirit an important symbol of Party spirit education.

Based on the red roots, the school organizes backbone teachers to conduct in-depth research on the formation background, scientific connotation, and contemporary value of the Xibaipo Spirit, and develops thematic courses such as "The United Front History of the Xibaipo Period: The New China United Front Came from Here" and "Xibaipo Telegrams—The 'Exam-Taking' Code in the Flames of War," focusing on guiding Party members and cadres to continuously study and understand the profound thought of the "Two Musts," to deeply study and comprehend the profound connotation of the important requirement of "always remaining being humble and prudent (谦虚谨慎, qian xu jin shen - "modest, cautious"), striving through hardships (艰苦奋斗, jian ku fen dou - "hard struggle"), seeking truth from facts, and wholeheartedly serving the people," and to truly transform the political quality of acting for the public interest (立党为公, li dang wei gong - "establish party for public") and governing for the benefit of the people (执政为民, zhi zheng wei min - "govern for the people") embodied in the Xibaipo Spirit into the ideological consciousness and action consciousness of Party members and cadres.

Focusing on "upholding full and rigorous self-governance of the Party," the school takes as important teaching content the in-depth interpretation of the development trajectory from the "Two Musts" to the "Three Musts" and from "taking the exam in Beijing" to "taking the new road of examination well," constructs a series of teaching courses, guides students to deeply understand the internal relationship between the "Three Musts" and "taking the new road of examination well" and the Xibaipo Spirit, which are inherited in one continuous line and keeping pace with the times (与时俱进, yu shi ju jin - "advance with the times"), and to deeply appreciate the original aspiration and mission of the Chinese Communists.

Strengthen Party spirit cultivation and build a Party spirit education curriculum system on "the Deeper the Understanding, the Deeper the Love." Zhengding is the place where General Secretary Xi Jinping began his political career, leaving behind precious intellectual wealth, spiritual wealth, and practical achievements. The Party School of the Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee of the CPC fully leverages this unique resource advantage and strives to build the "the Deeper the Understanding, the Deeper the Love" Party spirit education brand.

The school organizes backbone teachers to carefully develop distinctive courses such as "Seeking the 'Source of Living Water' at the Grassroots—The Practice and Enlightenment of General Secretary Xi Jinping's Investigation and Research During His Work in Zhengding," allowing precious historical materials to "come out" of the archives and "come alive" in the classroom, promoting students to deeply appreciate the power of thought through thorough study and understanding, and enhancing their ability and level of taking initiative and acting responsibly (担当作为, dan dang zuo wei - "take responsibility and act") and engaging in work and entrepreneurship (干事创业, gan shi chuang ye - "engage in entrepreneurship").

The school organizes teaching and research teams to systematically explain the internal connection between the "semi-suburban" economic development model and the "rural revitalization strategy," and to deeply analyze the logical continuity between the research practice of "seeking the source of living water at the grassroots" and the contemporary requirement of "vigorously promoting the practice of investigation and research." Through theoretical analysis that runs vertically through time and compares horizontally, students are guided to perceive, in the contrast between history and reality, the vigorous power of truth that is inherited in one continuous line and keeps pace with the times, to deeply understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments (两个确立), and to resolutely achieve the Two Upholds (两个维护).

Highlight performance improvement and build a curriculum system on "the New Era Strategy for Strengthening the Provincial Capital." Focusing on improving the performance capabilities of provincial capital cadres, the school systematically constructs a curriculum system on "the New Era Strategy for Strengthening the Provincial Capital" with major strategic guidance, provincial and municipal conditions analysis, and post practical capabilities as the focus, striving to forge a high-quality cadre team capable of shouldering the heavy responsibility of provincial capital construction and development.

The school thoroughly studies and implements General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches and important directive instructions on Hebei's work, and develops distinctive courses such as "Deeply Promoting the Coordinated Development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and the Construction of Xiong'an New Area" and "Studying and Implementing General Secretary Xi Jinping's Important Discourses on Optimizing the Business Environment and Striving to Create a First-Class Business Environment for the Provincial Capital," guiding students to understand the positioning of the provincial capital from an overall perspective and to grasp development opportunities from a strategic dimension.

Centering on the provincial Party committee's vigorous implementation of the "strengthening the provincial capital" strategy, the requirements of effectively enhancing Shijiazhuang's economic primacy, and promoting the implementing things thoroughly and practically (走深走实, zou shen zou shi - "go deep and solid") of the construction of the Shijiazhuang metropolitan area, and closely following the four main directions of strengthening industry, strengthening innovation, strengthening the city, and strengthening the metropolitan area, the school systematically develops thematic courses such as "Building a Modern Industrial System and Striving to Promote the High-quality Development of Shijiazhuang's Real Economy" and "Accelerating the Development of the Digital Economy to Empower Shijiazhuang's High-quality Development," helping students deeply understand the background logic, goals and tasks, and practical paths of the "strengthening the provincial capital" strategy.

Centering on key work such as the development of the provincial capital's five major industries, urban renewal, and safeguarding and improving people's livelihoods, the school regularly invites "top leaders" of municipal direct organs to teach thematic courses on improving performance capabilities based on their own post practices, covering not only policies, regulations, and work processes but also typical cases and practical methods, striving to address the knowledge gaps, experience blind spots, and capability weaknesses that exist in the cadre team. At the same time, the school deepens the diversified teaching model of "thematic lectures + group discussions + experience exchanges," guiding students to learn with questions and comprehend by connecting with reality, broadening their horizons through the collision of ideas and increasing their talents through the sharing of experience, and effectively transforming learning outcomes into practical actions to solve the problem of "middle blockage" and promote the implementation and implementation of the municipal Party committee's decisions and deployments.

Based on overall coordination across the entire region, build a "city-county integrated linkage" on-site teaching network. On-site teaching is an important form of cadre education and training and an important carrier for extending classroom teaching to the front line of practice. The Party School of the Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee of the CPC adheres to the work philosophy of "based on the local area, radiating to the whole region, highlighting characteristics, and co-building and sharing," and strives to build a three-dimensional on-site teaching position network that covers the entire region, links the city and counties, and has distinct themes.

Position at a high level and polish two core on-site teaching brands. The school focuses on building 13 on-site teaching points, including the revolutionary sacred site Xibaipo and the Party spirit education at Tayuanzhuang Village, guiding students to review the Party's glorious struggle history, appreciate the feelings for the people, and strengthen their awareness of fulfilling their duties and daring to take responsibility. It also builds three major thematic exhibition rooms, including "Original Aspiration and Mission—Exhibition of Shijiazhuang Local Party History," forming a powerful supplement to on-campus on-site teaching.

Lay out across the entire region and build a multi-point supported on-site teaching matrix. Following the approach of "connecting individual points into a continuous line (连点成线, lian dian cheng xian - "connect points into lines") and connecting lines to form a comprehensive network (串线成面, chuan xian cheng mian - "string lines into planes"), the school systematically lays out 43 on-site teaching points across the city, forming a teaching network covering all counties (cities, districts). Centering on united front history education, it develops the Lijiazhuang on-site teaching point at the former site of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee; centering on rural revitalization and industrial development, it adds on-site teaching points such as the Shijiazhuang International Biomedical Park, the Equipment Manufacturing Industrial Park, and the Gaocheng Palace Lantern Museum; centering on grassroots governance innovation, it builds teaching points such as Yucheng Community in Qiaoxi District and the Hebei Literature Museum; and to strengthen cultural confidence, it relies on the Shijiazhuang Museum to display the provincial capital's historical culture and farming customs, expanding the field and depth of cadre education and training.

(The author is the Executive Vice President of the Party School of the Shijiazhuang Municipal Committee of the CPC)

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Optimize Services to Boost Efficiency, Cut Burdens and Pool Strength

By: 司道行　孟宏恩

The Party School of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the CPC (Shandong Academy of Governance) adheres to a demand-oriented approach, focuses on innovation-led development, and takes optimizing services and improving efficiency as an important lever for invigorating the vitality of school operation and governance. It promotes the leap of service support from "handling affairs well" to "empowering the main business," and from "meeting demands" to "creating value." It guides and helps the broad body of faculty and staff to extricate themselves from being "burdened by routine affairs," so that they can devote more time and energy to the main responsibility and main business of the Party school. By leveraging the "effect" of burden reduction to gather the "force" of development, it injects lasting momentum into the connotative high-quality development of the Party school cause.

Deepen digital and intelligent empowerment, and smooth the "fast track" for convenient handling of affairs. Persist in seeking efficiency from digital and intelligent technologies, deeply integrating digital and intelligent means into the entire process of service handling, and promoting experience upgrading through process simplification. Focusing on high-frequency matters such as leave requests and reporting, integrate and consolidate entry points, merging independent approval items such as attendance leave and business trip reporting into a single portal, achieving "one-window acceptance and coordinated handling." Faculty and staff can complete coordinated handling with a single submission on the office platform, and the system automatically pushes approval nodes; nodes that are identical are merged for push and are not subject to repeated approval. After completion, data is automatically distributed to relevant departments for filing, shifting from "multi-department acceptance" to "coordinated handling," compressing operational items by more than 50 percent and effectively reducing the transactional burden on faculty and staff. Relying on the "Provincial Party School System Educational Resource Management and Business Process Service Platform," a meeting resource dashboard has been established. When faculty and staff apply for meeting rooms, they can query the usage status of venues in real time by conditions such as campus, type, and date, and independently select venues based on meeting scale and information technology needs; the system supports one-click sending of coordination messages, and relevant departments such as meeting services and information technology simultaneously receive the meeting needs, transforming "multi-point coordination" into "one-stop direct access," so that data runs more and faculty and staff run less.

Strengthen coordination and joint efforts, and activate the "power source" for efficient operation. Persist in pooling strength through information sharing, strengthen data sharing and business linkage, make unimpeded information, clear responsibilities, and seamless connection the norm for activity support, and promote the transformation of various departments from "each managing their own segment" to "coordinated operations." Open up channels for coordinated linkage in meeting organization, interact with relevant business departments on activity information in real time, achieving "information sharing, timely response, coordinated handling, and result feedback," and reducing the coordination costs of the undertaking departments from the source. Implement list-based meeting organization, implement task list management, clarify in advance the work tasks and time nodes of each responsible person, ensuring tasks are decomposed to individuals and quantified by day; establish a supporting work progress tracking ledger, conduct regular inspections and supervision, promptly identify and solve problems, proactively follow up and provide forward-looking services, accurately remind of precautions and key nodes at each stage, help organizers clarify their thinking, identifying and filling gaps or deficiencies (查漏补缺, cha lou bu que - "check the leaks, supplement the deficiencies"), and effectively prevent confusion and omissions. Build a full-chain closed-loop support model, create a management system of "scientific planning, meticulous preparation, pre-meeting rehearsal, in-meeting tracking, and post-meeting review," conduct whole-process recording and systematic review of important activities, distill and consolidate effective experience into standardized processes, form a "practical guide" for activity organization, and provide effective reference for activity support personnel.

Promote warm-hearted services, and build a "bridge of hearts" for walking together in unity. Persist in adding warmth to meticulous services, smooth channels for expressing demands, improve the mechanism of "receiving complaints and handling them immediately," extend the reach of service support, do work that touches the hearts of faculty and staff, and make services not only efficient but also warm. Carefully organize the reception day activities of school (academy) leaders, listen to opinions face to face, solve problems with real action, promote timely response and effective resolution of reasonable demands, and make "speak to the organization when you have something to say, and go to the window when you have something to do" the norm. Strictly implement the first-question responsibility system, refine whole-process measures such as visitor reception, matter transfer, and follow-up supervision, ensuring that everything has a response and every matter is settled; turn the reception window into the "first window" for showcasing the image of the Party school, and convey organizational warmth with a friendly attitude and professional competence. Persist in treating the "trivial matters around faculty and staff" as "major matters of warmth," rely on the "campus station" service position to bring considerate agency services to the side of faculty and staff; promote door-to-door services for office telephone business, and exchange "zero-distance service" for "more focused teaching and research"; promote the extension of service support from "completing affairs" to "warming hearts," making "less worry and no annoyance" the norm, and making "teaching with peace of mind and pursuing scholarship with concentration" the prevailing trend.

〔Author affiliation: Party School of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the CPC (Shandong Academy of Governance)〕

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High-Quality On-Site Teaching to Make Party Spirit Education Resonate Deeply

By: 郑水松

In January 2004, Comrade Xi Jinping, then Secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, pointed out during an inspection tour in Lishui, Zhejiang, that the Advance Column of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army led by Liu Ying and Su Yu had fought here for a long period, leaving behind multiple revolutionary sites that merit attention and further exploration. Wangcunkou Township in Suichang County, Lishui City, was an important battleground for the Advance Column and the leadership center of the Southwest Zhejiang Revolutionary Base Area. Six structures, including the former site of the Advance Column headquarters and the General Su Yu Cemetery on Yueguang Mountain, are listed as provincial-level cultural relics protection units. The Party School of the Suichang County Party Committee bears its mandate in mind and strives to build high-quality on-site teaching that is "visible, tangible, and learnable," continuously polishing the brand of "Southwest Zhejiang Cadre Education and Training Highland" and contributing to the construction of a golden common prosperity county in the old revolutionary base area. Over the past five years, it has hosted more than 930 sessions of various training programs, serving 42,000 person-times.

Revitalize red resources and build an education matrix of "points embedded in a broader network." First, gathering resources to create a powerful trend (聚点成势, ju dian cheng shi - "gather points, form momentum") to upgrade educational scenarios. Relying on the resources of 23 revolutionary sites and 12 red-themed venues in Wangcunkou Township, nine distinctive Party spirit education courses have been developed, promoting the transformation of red resources into teaching resources. Wangcunkou Township has been selected as one of the first batch of on-site teaching demonstration sites for studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in Zhejiang Province, a provincial training base for village (community) cadre education, and a "four colors" study tour site of the Provincial Institute of Socialism. Second, build township party schools in a tiered layout. Together with the County Party Committee Organization Department and the Propaganda Department, the "Implementation Opinions on Further Standardizing the Construction of Township (Street) Party Schools" was issued, establishing a "1+19+N" township party school layout, specifically including one key township, Wangcunkou Township, 19 ordinary townships, and N on-site teaching bases; the "town-school-enterprise" entity-based operation model for township party schools has been implemented, promoting full coverage and full listing of township party schools across all 20 townships (streets) in the county. Third, strengthen collaborative schooling through joint clustering of contiguous areas. Promote cross-county clustering between the party schools of Suichang and Longquan, organically integrate the tracing-the-footsteps sites of the two places, accelerate joint course development, and collaboratively build a cross-county Party spirit education boutique route themed on the revolutionary history of Southwest Zhejiang, realizing the normalized operation of jointly promoting training classes, exchanging trainees, and co-building brands, while continuously expanding the influence of Lishui's "Red Mountain, Hot Land, Advance Road" boutique study tour route.

Deeply tap the red treasure trove and innovate "immersive experience" teaching scenarios. First, clarify historical positioning through chain-style narration. Based on the Southwest Zhejiang red study base, closely following the chronological sequence of revolutionary struggle development, and adhering to the narrative logic of "one theme, one figure, one scene, one story, one inspiration," the courses systematically recount revolutionary historical facts and heroic deeds through physical exhibits, scene restoration, interactive demonstrations, and other carriers. Second, evoke emotional resonance through immersive experiences. Organize young cadre training class trainees to write, direct, and perform the red historical sitcom "Dreaming Back to Southwest Zhejiang" and to participate deeply in polishing the script of the immersive sitcom "Beacon Fire in Southwest Zhejiang," telling red stories well. Carry out "three together" teaching of "eating together, living together, and working together," combined with retracing the Red Army's march route, to educate and guide trainees to take the lead in carrying forward the fine tradition of hard work and plain living and to continue the red bloodline. Third, promote the transformation of learning into application through interactive discussions. Innovatively build a trainee exchange platform, plan and host the "Chasing Red, Exploring Green, Visiting Ancient, Discussing Gold" special seminar on common prosperity in old revolutionary base areas, and around the theme of "building a pioneering demonstration model of common prosperity in old revolutionary base areas," mobilize trainees to pool wisdom to tackle problems and offer targeted suggestions. Related activities have been reported by mainstream media including Xinhua Net and Zhejiang Daily.

Amplify the red voice and build a propaganda team that "can speak well and spread well." First, hone skills through on-site propaganda at grassroots level. Strengthen and expand the "Xi Yu Qing Sheng" young teacher propaganda group, implement the mechanisms of cultural special commissioners and first secretaries stationed in villages, equip each township party school with a backbone teacher concurrently serving as vice principal, regularly carry out "large-scale visits, large-scale research, large-scale services, and large-scale problem-solving" activities, organize all teachers to regularly go down to grassroots stations, accurately identify the differentiated needs of different groups, and through methods such as point-based topic selection and county-township linkage, achieve precise adaptation of training content, effective coordination of training resources, and vivid and lively on-site teaching. Over the past five years, more than 260 propaganda sessions have been conducted cumulatively, covering more than 16,000 person-times of cadres and the masses. Second, promote each other and advance together (互促共进, hu cu gong jin - "mutually promote, together advance") through training younger people through the guidance of experienced seniors (以老带新, yi lao dai xin - "use old, lead new"). Establish a teacher A/B post pairing and mentoring system, with backbone teachers taking the lead in coordinating course development and propaganda planning, while young teachers follow the full course, undertaking lesson preparation assistance and site explanation, striving to build a working pattern of "one post, dual preparation, coordinated supplementation." Grasp the three links of "preparation," "delivery," and "evaluation," consolidate course polishing in stages, and normalize collective seminar lesson preparation, on-site trial lectures, and post-class review and mutual evaluation, with notable results in the echelon building of the teaching team. Third, forge boutique courses through competition and training. Adhere to empowering through competition, host municipal-level competitions, hold county-level contests, and build a pattern of "city-county linkage, all-staff training." Over the past five years, four courses have been rated as boutique on-site teaching courses in the municipal party school system, realizing a virtuous cycle of promoting teaching through competition and improving quality through competition. On-site teaching courses such as "One Bridge, One Person, One Soul" have successively appeared at major events including the training meeting on revolutionary relics display work of the National Cultural Heritage Administration and the on-site teaching of the provincial party school advanced training class, receiving wide acclaim.

(The author is the Executive Vice President of the Party School of the Suichang County Party Committee, Zhejiang Province)

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Guiding Party School Work to Steady and Long-Term Progress with a Correct View of Political Achievements

China Unicom Party School (Unicom Talent Development Center) (hereinafter referred to as China Unicom Party School) earnestly studies and implements General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses and important instructions on Party school work, implements the spirit of the National Party School (School of Administration) Work Conference and the "Regulations on the Work of Party Schools (Schools of Administration) of the Communist Party of China," consolidates and expands the achievements of the learning and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, consciously integrates the general requirement of acting for the public interest (立党为公, li dang wei gong - "establish the party for the public") into the entire process of running the school and governance, deeply carries out the "four school" construction of "building the school politically, establishing the school with quality, strengthening the school through reform, and running the school strictly," establishes and practices a correct view of political achievements with practical actions, and strives to promote the high-quality development of the cause of China Unicom Party School.

Use "acting for the public interest" to forge the soul and uphold the political character of the Party school. To implement "acting for the public interest," we must adhere to "building the school politically." Run the entire process of school operation and governance with a clear-cut political stance, ensure that the school always maintains the correct political direction, and take whether theoretical level, Party spirit cultivation, and performance ability have been improved as the yardstick for measuring the effectiveness of "building the school politically." First, improve the Party school functional system. China Unicom Group researched and issued the "Opinions of China Unicom on Further Strengthening and Improving the Construction of the Party School Functional System," systematically planning 10 measures in 4 aspects as a guiding document for the Party school work of the entire group company. On this basis, compile and implement the "15th Five-Year Plan" development plan of China Unicom Party School, anchor the goal of "first-class central enterprise, leading in digital intelligence" to promote the implementation and effectiveness of various tasks. Second, anchor the correct direction of running the school. Lead school operation and governance with political construction, take the study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the main theme and main line, solidly carry out Party theoretical education, Party spirit education, and performance ability training, and complete with high quality training tasks such as studying and implementing Xi Jinping's thought on Party building and learning and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements. In the overall teaching arrangement, the proportion of Party theoretical education and Party spirit education courses shall not be less than 70% of the total class hours per semester; in basic training classes, the proportion of courses on Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era shall not be less than 70% of the total class hours of Party theoretical education. Third, strengthen the position of integrity education. Build a "12345" work system, promote integrity education into textbooks, courses, teachers, lecture halls, and grassroots levels; operate well the China Unicom discipline inspection and supervision website, produce warning education films, and support the group in carrying out warning education across the entire system.

Use "benefiting the people" to establish the heart and improve the quality and effectiveness of cultivating talents and offering suggestions. To implement "benefiting the people," we must adhere to "establishing the school with quality." Take trainees as the center, take trainee satisfaction and employee recognition as important standards, and take whether training supply matches development needs, whether teaching quality and effectiveness and trainee abilities have improved, and whether the role of think tanks and practical transformation have been enhanced as the yardstick for measuring the effectiveness of "establishing the school with quality." First, improve the basic training mechanism. Implement the requirements of higher-level authorities on basic training and on education and training of enterprise leadership personnel, formulate implementation plans for basic training, scientifically set up five types of core training classes: echelon cultivation classes, special seminar classes, ability improvement classes, Party building training classes, and teacher training classes, dynamically optimize key elements such as training targets, content, methods, length of study, and cycles, and ensure that all who should be trained are trained and training is provided as appropriate. Second, highlight classified and tiered training. Improve the classified and tiered training system, deepen the "563" characteristic cultivation model of cadre refresher courses, and focus on implementing classes such as the spring and autumn middle-aged and young cadre classes, grassroots Party branch secretary training, Young Marxist training, international talent demonstration training, and artificial intelligence demonstration training. Improve the "4+1" ability certification system, on the basis of the existing 132 professional direction certification standards, combined with the company's development needs, continuously iterate and update various professional certification standards, promote the certification of professional and technical talents and skilled talents, and maintain the annual certification volume at more than 100,000 person-times. Third, actively promote "offering suggestions for the Party." Strengthen the "1+3+N" collaborative suggestion system, actively undertake topics such as Party building and ideological and political work from higher-level units such as the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, focus on the Party's innovative theories, combine with the actual situation of the group company's Party building and reform and development, carry out organized theoretical research, countermeasure research, and practical experience summary, and have won the first prize of excellent topics and the first prize of excellent lesson plans of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission many times, and launch a number of research results with theoretical depth, practical value, and original contributions. Give full play to the advantages of the Party school, improve the closed-loop mechanism for trainees to "propose, research, handle, and reply" to suggestions, better stimulate the wisdom of trainees, and help the group's reform and development.

Use "scientific decision-making" to empower and forge the core capability of running the school. To implement "scientific decision-making," we must adhere to "strengthening the school through reform." Follow the laws of cadre education and training, scientifically plan and precisely implement policies, and take whether teaching resources are high-quality and suitable, whether teaching methods uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, and whether the school-running system is systematic and complete as the yardstick for measuring the effectiveness of "strengthening the school through reform." First, strengthen the supply of teaching resources. Improve institutional mechanisms and deepen the construction of the "famous teachers, famous courses, famous experts" project. Focus on discovering and cultivating internal trainers from leading cadres, scientific and technological innovation talents, and excellent grassroots management personnel, promote the institutionalization of leading cadres going to the podium, strictly control the political and quality gates of external invited teachers; increase the development and application of case courses, establish and improve the teacher database, course database, and case database, and promote high-quality resources to reach the grassroots directly. Second, promote innovation in teaching methods. Highlight practical training, use diversified teaching methods, increase the proportion of case teaching, and the proportion of case teaching courses in main training classes shall not be less than 15% of the total class hours per semester; strengthen digital and intelligent training empowerment, enrich and improve the functions of Unicom's "Smart Party School" platform, launch training models such as AI training and combat practice partners, strengthen the tiered operation of the platform, maintain annual effective online learning at more than 50 million person-times, and accelerate the construction of "smart campus" and "smart classrooms." Third, strengthen the integrated school-running pattern. Establish and improve the "1+N" integrated Party school school-running pattern led by China Unicom Party School, with the Party schools of provincial branches and talent development center branches coordinating, starting from school-running requirements, institutional norms, teaching organization, and teaching evaluation, strengthen business guidance to the Party schools (branches) of provincial branches, standardize the filing mechanism, promote resource sharing, and build a collaborative school-running pattern.

Use "real work and solid action" to consolidate the foundation and build a solid foundation for high-quality development. To implement "real work and solid action," we must adhere to "running the school strictly." Adhere to laying a solid foundation and seeking long-term benefits, do all work strictly and practically, and take whether the Party building of the Party school has consolidated the foundation and strengthened the foundation, whether the management of the Party and the school has truly confronted problems, and whether basic operations are standardized and efficient as the yardstick for measuring the effectiveness of "running the school strictly." First, strengthen Party building. Guided by Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, promote the Party building of the Party school, strictly implement the "first agenda" system, standardize the study of the theoretical learning center group, consolidate and expand the achievements of the learning and education on establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, and take "high-quality Party building strengthening year" as the theme to consolidate the Party building foundation of the Party school. Through "adjusting structure, improving ability, and optimizing incentives," gradually establish four cultivation and incentive mechanisms conducive to the growth and development of employees, and forge a high-quality professional talent team with strong politics, firm beliefs, professional competence, and upright work style. Second, strictly manage the school and learning. Adhere to strict governance of the school, strengthen institutional construction, strictly manage school affairs, strictly manage faculty and staff, and temper work style. Adhere to strict governance of teaching, strengthen the construction of teacher ethics and style, strictly control the political gate of teachers and courses, strictly manage the podium and lecture halls, and effectively implement the responsibility system for ideological work. Adhere to strict governance of learning, strictly implement the spirit of the Central Eight-Point Regulation, strictly enforce school rules and discipline, continuously consolidate the "six ones" measures, and let trainees feel the atmosphere of learning, simplicity, and clarity. Third, strengthen operational management. Improve the internal control and compliance system, deepen legal education and publicity, scientifically control budget costs, strictly implement democratic centralism and the "three major and one large" decision-making system, make good use of the teaching support joint meeting mechanism, and improve the level of teaching service guarantee.

〔Party Committee of China Unicom Party School (Unicom Talent Development Center)〕

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A Heroic Ode to Family and Country in Letters from the Flames of War

By: 洪鸿

The Eleventh Letter Zuo Quan Wrote to His Wife

The older generation often says that family letters are worth ten thousand pieces of gold (家书抵万金, jia shu di wan jin - "family, letter, reaches, ten thousand, gold"). That is not a light phrase in a book; in the era when communications were underdeveloped, family letters were the bond linking relatives after separation and the vessel for pouring out longing, especially in the war years, where the letters of soldiers defending the country and their homes carried the flavor brewed amid gunpowder smoke. A single thin sheet of letter paper, crossing mountains and rivers, could hold the concern of flesh and blood and also bear the great righteousness of mountains and rivers.More than 80 years ago, on the Taihang Mountains where continuous fighting and warfare (烽火连天, feng huo lian tian - "beacon, fire, connect, heaven") raged, Zuo Quan, deputy chief of staff of the Eighth Route Army, wrote letter after letter home by the light of an oil lamp, in the gaps between marching and fighting. These words preserved from the hail of gunfire contain no flowery rhetoric; they are like a farmer chatting about everyday matters, on the one hand thinking of loved ones back home, on the other worrying over the shattered country, laying the general's fervent blood and boundless tenderness clearly before later generations.

Zuo Quan was from Liling, Hunan. As a youth he bade farewell to his native soil and went out into the world, throwing himself into the revolution, and once he left, he was away for 20 years. Through hail of bullets and storms of shells, fighting north and south, the road under his feet stretched farther and farther, yet the shadow of his hometown always lingered at the bottom of his heart. The fighting was intense, year after year, and he could never find time to return to his hometown for a visit; his elderly mother, his uncle, his elder brother and sister-in-law all remained in the native land a thousand li away. At the front, he planned military operations, but in the dead of night, homesickness welled up in his heart all the same. From 1937, when he hastened to the North China anti-Japanese front, to 1942, when he died a heroic death, in the space of a few short years, amid the press of military affairs, he wrote more than a dozen family letters in all. A tough man commanding vast armies and huge numbers of troops (千军万马, qian jun wan ma - "thousand, army, ten thousand, horse") on the battlefield entrusted all his tender feelings for wife and child and his longing for flesh and blood to a single sheet of letter paper.

On the night of September 18, 1937, in Beiyangcheng Village, Jishan County, Shanxi, the night was heavy and the war drums had not yet ceased. Zuo Quan had just received a letter from his uncle, learning that his elder brother had unfortunately passed away and the family had lost its pillar of support. With the nation in crisis, the iron hooves of the Japanese invaders trampling the mountains and rivers to pieces, and the family now struck by the grief of bereavement, the twin sorrows of family and country pressed down on his heart at once. On the march, moments of rest were rare, and Zuo Quan seized this small gap to take up his brush and write to his uncle, Zuo Mingsan. Every line was filled with grief, aching for the loved ones back home who were lonely and helpless without anyone to rely on (孤苦无依, gu ku wu yi - "lonely, bitter, no, rely"), yet he knew clearly in his heart that he could not pull himself away and return home. In the letter he wrote candidly, "I sacrifice all my happiness to strive for my cause; please believe that this road is bright and great."

It was not that he did not miss home; it was that the homes of tens of millions of common people were already in peril. In the letter, on the one hand he worried over his aged mother, hoping that after the chaos of war subsided, the whole family could sit together and pass a few days of peace; on the other hand he calmly analyzed the situation, explaining that the War of Resistance against Japan was bound to be a protracted war. He told his family that the Eighth Route Army had already rushed to the anti-Japanese front line, that it would rely on guerrilla and mobile warfare to fight the Japanese invaders to the end, that they must be prepared to endure great hardship and great toil, and that without an unwavering and resolute (坚韧不拔, jian ren bu ba - "firm, tough, not, pull") will, the hope of the nation could not be held. A single family letter, one end tied to the flesh-and-blood kinship of the Hunan hometown, the other end linked to the anti-Japanese flames of war on the North China plain.

Two months later, Zuo Quan, then in Hongdong County, again took up his brush to write to his elderly mother far away in Liling. Every word read with a wrenching heart; he recounted to his mother one by one the atrocities of the Japanese invaders burning, killing, looting, and poisoning the people, lamenting bitterly the suffering of a subjugated people. He did not evade the difficulties of reality, faced squarely the various ills exposed in the course of the War of Resistance, and also voiced the Communists' steadfast conviction to save the country and the people. He hoped that the common people of the land of the Three Xiang Rivers would awaken early and take up arms to stand forth. "The people of Hunan have always been very tenacious and have a glorious history in the cause of revolution." A few brief words, full of expectation for the folks of his native soil. He declared his resolve to his mother: the officers and men of the Eighth Route Army were willing to share life and death, weal and woe, with the people of North China; in the past they had eaten grass, and in the future they were prepared to eat grass again, not for wealth, not for private gain, but only so that the nation could be saved.

This letter was carefully kept by Zuo Quan's mother all those years. With war raging year after year and news cut off, the old woman waited day after day for her son to return, never knowing that her son had long since stained the Taihang Mountains with his blood. It was not until 1949, when the People's Liberation Army marched south into Hunan and, following the instructions of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, the troops made a detour to Liling to visit the old woman, that she finally learned that the son she had been thinking of someone or something constantly (朝思暮想, chao si mu xiang - "morning, think, evening, think") had died for the country seven years earlier. After her grief, the old woman had someone write a memorial oration: "My son died a righteous death in the War of Resistance, dying a worthy death, truly a man of ambition. Now that democratic liberation has been achieved, what regret is there in sacrificing one life? If my son knows this, he can rest easy underground!" Half a year later, the old woman too passed away.

A man who had braved death on the battlefield also carried tender feelings for wife and child in his heart. It was only at the age of 34 that Zuo Quan met Liu Zhilan on the anti-Japanese front line, and with Commander-in-Chief Zhu De acting as matchmaker, they became husband and wife. In 1940, their daughter Zuo Taibei was born. The reunion in the gaps between gunfire was as short as a dream. The Taihang Mountain base area was subjected to Japanese "mopping-up" campaigns day after day; marching and shifting positions was fraught with danger lurking on all sides (危机四伏, wei ji si fu - "crisis, four, surround, lie"), and taking an infant along with the army was far too perilous. With no other choice, Zuo Quan could only see his wife and daughter off, sending them to Yan'an. No one could have foreseen that this wave of farewell would be a permanent separation caused by death (生死离别, sheng si li bie - "life, death, part, separate").

In the 21 months that followed, mountains and passes stood between them, blockades were many, and the postal route was intermittent. A family letter had to be passed along by many hands and often took three to five months to reach Yan'an. In all, he wrote 12 letters to his wife; 11 survive, totaling more than 16,000 characters. However hard and busy the fighting, by the light of the oil lamp he would always spread out letter paper and chat about everyday matters.

The letters carried no air of a general, only the concerns of an ordinary person. He understood his wife's intellectual frustration, supported her in studying and seeking progress, and would rather endure the loneliness of the battlefield himself than delay his beloved's growth. In the gaps between fighting, he still remembered the warmth and cold of his little daughter, asking people to search everywhere for cloth to sew summer clothes and winter trousers, sending biscuits, and even keeping such trifling items as woolen knitted pants in mind. A commander directing vast armies had the great picture of family and country in his heart, yet could not let go of his wife and daughter's every bowl of porridge, every bite of rice, every warmth, every chill.

On the night of May 22, 1942, battle was already imminent, and the smoke of gunpowder was right before his eyes. Zuo Quan hastily wrote the last letter to his wife. Snatching a moment of leisure, he spoke of life in the base area, of the Jerusalem artichokes and tomatoes he had planted at his post. Sitting alone in the wilderness, he traced over and over in his mind the image of the family reunited: his daughter Taibei, mischievous, now lying on the ground, now throwing herself into her mother's arms, then turning over to burrow into her father's embrace, playing and laughing without cease. Every word was a longing for the smoke of ordinary human life. Yet in his heart he had long been prepared to die, and as he set down his brush he earnestly instructed, "Although I love Taibei so much, if the situation changes, you may boldly handle Taibei's affairs as you see fit, without regard for me."

Every word reads with a heart-wrenching pain. A father who loved his daughter with all his heart was yet willing, when danger came, to set aside the selfishness of fatherhood and put the great cause of the revolution first in everything. Only three days later, the Japanese army launched a frenzied major "mopping-up" campaign, and the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army was surrounded on all sides by the enemy. At the critical moment, Zuo Quan voluntarily stayed behind to cover the rear, shielding the cadres of the organs and ordinary people as they broke out of the encirclement. Shells screamed and roared around him; he could have sought cover, but he refused to abandon the comrades and the people beside him, and in the end his blood stained Shizi Ridge, his life frozen forever at the age of 37.

When this family letter, written on the eve of life and death, finally made its way to Yan'an after many detours, the news of the tragedy had already arrived ahead of it. A single family letter had become a final farewell.

Many years later, Zuo Taibei, now grown, read over and over the letters her father had left behind, and only then truly understood this general of unyielding iron in the textbooks, and understood the burning fatherly love hidden between the lines. She donated the precious letters to the state and wrote a letter to her father, sending her deep longing across the distance, reflecting that her father had done his utmost to fulfill the duty of a father in the harsh conditions behind enemy lines, and that those family letters that had crossed wind and rain were the most precious treasure of her life.

The smoke of gunpowder has receded, and the mountains and rivers have changed to a new world. Today, when we read these wartime family letters again, what we see is not only a general's joys and sorrows of family affairs. On the battlefield, he was a revolutionary commander who planned strategy within the command tent and faced death without flinching; in the family letters, he was a son who missed his mother, a husband who was considerate and tender, a father with deep love for his child. Loyalty and filial piety could not both be fulfilled, family and country could not both be served; he cast aside all his personal happiness and delivered his life to the cause of national liberation.

To commemorate General Zuo Quan, Liao County was renamed Zuoquan County. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De wrote a mourning poem with a sweep of his brush: "The famous general gave his life for the country, willing to shed his hot blood to defend our China. The heroic spirit of the Taihang Mountains will be passed down through the ages, leaving the Qingzhang River to spit out blood flowers." The waters of the Qingzhang River flow quietly, and the green mountains of the Taihang stand tall. Page after page of yellowed family letters, passing through the dust of the years, still tell later generations what original aspiration is and what responsibility is. Generation after generation of descendants, precisely from such burning words, come to understand the immense weight of the two characters "family" and "country."

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Fan Li's Philosophy of Commerce

By: 张学博

Fan Li, courtesy name Shaobo, was a native of Wan in the state of Chu and a renowned minister of the state of Yue during the Spring and Autumn period. He spent more than twenty years assisting Yue in destroying Wu, and after achieving success, he voluntarily retired and turned to production and business operations. He accumulated vast fortunes several times and distributed his wealth to aid others several times. His political advancement and retreat, his choices in commerce, and the accumulation and dispersal of his wealth constituted Fan Li's legendary life. Fan Li's various actions reflected his keen judgment of changing circumstances and his sober grasp of advance and retreat, gain and loss. What is even more noteworthy is that his emphasis on commerce enriched the early commercial thought of ancient China. Later generations praised Fan Li as one who "served the state with loyalty, preserved himself with wisdom, achieved wealth through commerce, and became famous throughout the world," and honored him as the "Sage of Commerce."

Fan Li assisted King Goujian of Yue in restoring the state and destroying Wu, demonstrating outstanding political talent. The Records of the Grand Historian: The Hereditary House of King Goujian of Yue records, "Fan Li served King Goujian of Yue, and after toiling bitterly and exerting himself, he plotted deeply with Goujian for more than twenty years, and finally destroyed Wu." Fan Li worked with utmost devotion and effort (殚精竭虑, dan jing jie lü - "exhaust, spirit; wear, energy") for the restoration of the King of Yue. After the destruction of Wu, Fan Li voluntarily left the state of Yue. Before leaving, he sent a letter to Wen Zhong, saying, "When the flying birds are gone, the good bow is put away; when the sly rabbit dies, the running dog is cooked." Fan Li was able to voluntarily withdraw at the height of his fame and achievement, reflecting a way of handling affairs that was measured in matters of gain and loss.

After leaving Yue, Fan Li embarked on his first commercial activity. The Records of the Grand Historian: The Hereditary House of King Goujian of Yue records, "Fan Li crossed the sea and went to Qi, changed his name and surname, calling himself Chi Yi Zipi, and farmed by the seashore." After leaving Yue and entering Qi, Fan Li changed his name and identity (改名换姓, gai ming huan xing - "change, name; exchange, surname"), leading his family in production and business operations, and soon accumulated great wealth. The people of Qi, hearing of his worthiness and ability, invited him to become their chancellor. After three years, he resigned from the chancellorship, believing that "to long enjoy honored titles is inauspicious." He therefore returned the chancellor's seal, distributed all his family wealth, and departed once again.

Thereafter, Fan Li moved to Tao, where he embarked on his second commercial activity, achieving the feat of repeatedly accumulating vast wealth (三致千金, san zhi qian jin - "three, reach, thousand, gold") and reaching the peak of his commercial career. The Records of the Grand Historian: Biographies of the Money-Makers records: "Lord Zhu considered Tao to be the center of the world, where the roads of many feudal lords meet and goods are exchanged." Tao enjoyed convenient transportation; feudal lords came and went, commodities gathered there, and the products of the four directions circulated and flowed through it. Such a location facilitated connecting the products and demands of different regions, and was conducive to operators comparing prices from various places, allocating goods, and expanding the scope of trade. Fan Li fully utilized the conditions and advantages of Tao to conduct his business, becoming the Lord Zhu of Tao, famous throughout the world (名闻天下, ming wen tian xia - "name, hear, spread; heaven, under"). This time, he distributed his wealth to poor friends and distant relatives, "within nineteen years he repeatedly accumulated vast wealth, and again distributed it to poor friends and distant brothers." Fan Li's ability to accumulate wealth several times was based on his extraordinary insights into commerce, which the Records of the Grand Historian records in detail.

Fan Li paid attention to observing changes in supply and demand and had a certain understanding of commodity prices. The Records of the Grand Historian: Biographies of the Money-Makers records the "strategies of Ji Ran" in connection with Fan Li's deeds, which put forward the proposition that "when prices are high, sell as if discarding dung and earth; when prices are low, buy as if acquiring pearls and jade." Ji Ran was a famous strategist of the Spring and Autumn period. Fan Li honored him as his teacher and once sighed, "Of Ji Ran's seven strategies, Yue used five and achieved success. Having already applied them to the state, I wish to use them for my family." This shows that Fan Li endorsed Ji Ran's views and adopted relevant methods in his business operations: when prices rose to a certain level, he sold goods promptly; when prices fell and the goods had future demand, he purchased them at the right time. This reflects Fan Li's commercial awareness of making counter-cyclical allocations based on supply-demand relationships and price cycles. At the same time, Fan Li upheld the proposition that "money and goods should circulate like flowing water," emphasizing the continuous turnover of capital and goods, and believing that only by maintaining the circulation of goods and capital could business operations be sustained. Fan Li's judgments also involved the influence of factors such as the abundance or scarcity of products on commerce.

Fan Li attached importance to agricultural production and market regulation. He conducted his operations with farming as the foundation; his "farming by the seashore" after leaving Yue for Qi is evidence of this. Fan Li's economic practice was not simply buying and reselling goods, but was based on production and operations, combining production with the circulation of goods. Fan Li first "farmed by the seashore," then chose to operate in Tao, a place "where the roads of many feudal lords meet and goods are exchanged," and achieved success in both production and business. The former reflects his emphasis on the foundation of production, while the latter reflects his emphasis on conditions of transportation and commodity distribution. From this it can be seen that Fan Li possessed the commercial awareness of realizing the value of products through circulation channels.

Fan Li pursued a measured approach to business operations. "In the principles of accumulating goods, one must ensure the completeness of goods and not let money lie idle. When trading goods, do not keep perishable and deteriorating goods, and do not dare to hold them for high prices." "Ensuring the completeness of goods" emphasizes that in business one should first attach importance to the goods themselves, guaranteeing their integrity and quality; "do not keep perishable and deteriorating goods" requires arranging turnover according to the attributes of the goods, especially for goods that easily spoil, which should not be hoarded for long periods. Operators need to arrange inventory according to the nature of the goods, market demand, and the speed of circulation. "Do not dare to hold them for high prices" indicates that when prices rise, one should not be reluctant to sell for a long time, because this means bearing greater commercial risk. The Records of the Grand Historian: Biographies of the Money-Makers summarizes Fan Li's business approach as adapting to circumstances rather than blaming others for failure (与时逐而不责于人, yu shi zhu er bu ze yu ren - "with, time, chase; not, blame, at, person"). This means that Fan Li did not entrust success or failure to others, but actively adjusted his business behavior according to changes in the times.

The Records of the Grand Historian: Biographies of the Money-Makers records Fan Li's methods of profit-making and his disposition of wealth. "Waiting for the right time to move goods, seeking a profit of one in ten" shows that his operations valued market timing, goods turnover, and relatively stable returns; "repeatedly accumulating vast wealth" shows that his operations did not rely on a single stroke of luck; "again distributing to poor friends and distant brothers" describes his method of disposing of wealth; "being wealthy, he delighted in practicing virtue" is a commendatory evaluation of his attitude toward wealth.

Fan Li's life was full of legends. At a time of national crisis, he was able to step forward and shoulder responsibility; after the hegemony was achieved, he was able to assess the situation and know when to stop, turning instead into a successful merchant. In the course of doing business, he was able to accumulate wealth without being enslaved by it, and to distribute wealth without regarding it as loss, viewing wealth as an instrument for benefiting the world and the people. This reflects an economic wisdom of conforming to the Way of Heaven and revering nature, while also leaving important ideas and practical examples in the history of ancient Chinese economic thought.

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The Lively Charm of Rural Market Fairs

By: 王艳

"At midday the market is held, bringing together the people of the world, gathering the goods of the world, trading and then withdrawing, each obtaining what he needs." This passage from the Xici section, Part Two, of the Book of Changes sketches the market as the most vibrant scene of exchange in agrarian civilization. The rural market fair was once an ordinary place for exchanging goods and acquiring necessities among the fields and lanes of the countryside, rising and falling with the farming calendar, living and breathing alongside the smoke from cooking fires. Yet on the fast track of urbanization, many old fairs once declined, either relocated or merged, gradually fading from daily life. In recent years, however, some markets have flourished once again — the Yellow River fairs, the Grand Canal fairs, and the ocean fairs of Shandong have successively become popular, drawing urban tourists to the countryside, where amid the bustling with people and noise (人声鼎沸, ren sheng ding fei - "people, voice, loudly, boiling") they touch the scent of the soil, savor local products, and feel the warmth of folk customs. This "market-going craze" sweeping both city and countryside appears at first glance to be a shift in consumer fashion, but in reality it is the reawakening of rural values within the new developmental currents of the era. It opens another window for people living in modern cities, through which they can see the gifts of the land, feel the warmth of human relationships, and appreciate the unique pleasures of rural life. Within the small compass of everyday life lies a vivid footnote to the recovery of rural vitality, and still more, the code of the times for the evolution of urban-rural relations.

The smoke of daily life is the soul, and rural authenticity is the emotional need buried deep in people's hearts. The reason the rural market fair can span city and countryside and move people's hearts lies fundamentally in its preservation of that unique rural character. Unlike the assembly-line standardized consumption of urban shopping malls, the fair wins by its naturalness and excels in its freshness: dew-laden fruits and vegetables, snacks fresh from the pot, and authentic mountain products are the most direct gifts of the land and the season; intangible cultural heritage crafts such as Lu brocade weaving, woodblock New Year prints, and Yellow River clay inkstones spread out along the streets, with long-standing local accents and warm human feeling interwoven into a vivid rural tableau; more importantly, the fair has never been merely a place of exchange — it is also a public space in the society of acquaintances where information, emotion, and ethics converge — a season's harvest, a year's farm work, even the gossip of whose family is doing what, all circulate among the three-foot stalls. This warmth of face-to-face interaction is something that livestreams on screens and goods in delivery boxes cannot match. This rural character, full of presence and experience, is the deepest foundation of the fair. At the same time, the ancient rural fair has not stood still: young stallholders have returned to their native soil, using new means of dissemination to bring more products from the deep countryside out of the mountains and fields. Veteran artisans set up their phones to livestream Lu brocade weaving and woodblock New Year prints, and orders for old crafts fly to all over the country (天南地北, tian nan di bei - "heaven, south, earth, north"). From simple material exchange to immersive rural experience, the traditional market, between upholding the orthodox and innovating, has both preserved the old flavor of the years and grown a new temperament for the times.

Popularity is the bridge, and two-way urban-rural flows activate new opportunities in the countryside. The prosperity of one market leverages the development of an entire village. The continuous stream of visitors brings vigorous commercial energy: local specialties that once had narrow sales channels and old crafts hidden away have seized the opportunity to open up markets, villagers increase their incomes at their own doorsteps, and the "small" fair becomes a "big" platform that benefits the people and enriches them. The bustling atmosphere of daily life has also awakened the sleeping rural cultural lineage — Yellow River culture, Grand Canal customs, and farming techniques are now passed on in a living way through the regularized market scene.Even more valuable, villagers are no longer passive onlookers but have gradually become the protagonists of the fair: stallholders, docents, intangible cultural heritage inheritors, and homestay owners — new occupations have grown in different roles; and the villagers have rediscovered that the way of life their ancestors have maintained for generations is itself a precious resource. More profoundly, the market-going craze has opened channels for the two-way flow of urban and rural factors: the consumption demands and life philosophies of the city pour continuously into the countryside, while the countryside's ecological endowments and distinctive products continue to empower the city — thus urban-rural relations have shifted from the one-way extraction of the past to a virtuous cycle. A single market fair has become a vivid window for observing integrated urban-rural development.

Beneath the flourishing scene lurks a hidden concern: within the red-hot prosperity lies a question of growth. Behind the bustling with people and noise, the rapid growth of rural market fairs has also exposed shortcomings that cannot be ignored: many markets have converged on the same business model, still stuck at the shallow level of selling fruits, vegetables, and snacks, while deep folk-custom experiences and distinctive cultural-creative product development remain insufficient — this shallow operation continuously erodes visitors' aesthetic expectations; during holidays and festivals, problems such as parking congestion, inadequate facilities, and environmental pressure surface all at once, constantly diluting the quality that the vibrancy of daily life ought to have;scattered stalls operating at will, products of a mixture of good and bad elements (良莠不齐, liang you bu qi - "good, bad, not, equal"), and poor channels for after-sales rights protection are quietly consuming the reputation built up over time. At a deeper level, one must not simply turn the market into a "scenic spot" or a "stage," pursuing uniform stalls, turning folk customs into scripted performances, and deliberately choreographing the naturally flowing breath of daily life until it loses its authenticity.How to convert a moment of popularity into lasting appeal, and turn a brief encounter into long-term and frequent interaction (长相往来, chang xiang wang lai - "long, mutual, come, go"), is a real question that the rural market fair must answer well.

Deep cultivation and fine management are the only way to go far and steadily. Rising with the trend and seizing the opportunity, one must also ride the momentum — this especially requires acting with determination and practicality (实干笃行, shi gan du xing - "solid, work, earnest, act"). To protect the earthly vitality of the fair, the key lies in taking a path of distinctiveness, refinement, and integration.First, establish a brand through distinctiveness. Rooted in one's own land and waters, dig deep into the regional endowments of the Yellow River, the Grand Canal, and the ocean, revitalize local products, intangible cultural heritage crafts, and folk-custom resources, cultivate market brands with high recognition, break out of the homogenization trap of a thousand markets looking alike, and ensure that every trip to the fair brings something new and something to savor. Second, retain visitors through service. Focus on the pain points of the visitor experience, shore up the shortcomings in infrastructure, standardize business order, improve the living environment, and perfect service guarantees, so that refined governance keeps guests from all directions coming back. Third, expand the horizon through integration. Move beyond a purely commercial mindset, use the market as a fulcrum to promote deep integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism, link up diverse business forms such as rural sightseeing, farming study tours, and cultural-creative development, extend the industrial chain, and make the small market a true powerful engine empowering the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. Most crucial of all is to mobilize the strength of the whole society: the government focuses on planning and providing a safety net, the market does the creative work and operations, and the villagers remain always the masters of the fair. Give returning young people a stage, give local skilled talents something to look forward to, and give ordinary farming households real benefits — only then will the vitality of daily life have an inexhaustible source of living water.

The smoke of daily life curls upward without cease, and the pace of revitalization never stops. In the bustle of the marketplace lies the warmth of people's livelihoods, and in the bustling crowds gathers the momentum of revitalization.The transformation of the rural market fair is a return of rural values and, still more, a blossoming of rural vitality. Hold fast to rural authenticity, cultivate development advantages with depth, let the heat of the market endure long and the life and bustle of the countryside continue in endless and continuous growth, and the vigorous vitality of a small market can leverage thriving rural industries, flourishing culture, and effective governance.What people seek when they flock to the fair is far more than a few baskets of seasonal produce or a few local specialties — it is a fusion and shared progress between people and people, between people and nature, and between city and countryside. This is precisely the gentle and enduring rural strength within the rural chapter of Chinese modernization.

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