Summary: A Politburo meeting chaired by Xi Jinping on November 28th reviewed a report on the 20th Central Committee's inspection of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. The meeting acknowledged progress but also noted existing problems requiring serious attention, emphasizing the need for rectification and improved high-quality development. The meeting called on local Party committees to adhere to the Party's strategic positioning, implement major decisions, and strengthen Party governance to maintain a healthy political environment, while also working to solve common problems found during inspection and promoting reform. The meeting stressed the need to implement Xi Jinping Thought and strengthen Party governance at all levels. The article makes no mention of the United States.
Summary: Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory letter to the third congress of the China Volunteer Service Federation. He lauded volunteer service as crucial for societal progress and called for volunteers to contribute to China's modernization and national rejuvenation. Xi emphasized that the China Volunteer Service Federation should strengthen itself and that Party committees and governments at all levels should enhance support for volunteerism. The congress, where Xi's letter was read, took place in Beijing from November 27-28. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in this article.
Summary: The CCP has released an updated and revised edition of the "Study Outline of Xi Jinping's Diplomatic Thought," titled "Study Outline of Xi Jinping's Diplomatic Thought (2025 Edition)." This publication, jointly issued by the People's Publishing House and the Learning Publishing House, aims to promote the study and implementation of Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought. It comprehensively reflects Xi Jinping's original contributions and latest developments in the field of diplomacy, and systematically expounds on the background, profound connotation, theoretical character and glorious practice of Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought. The Central Propaganda Department issued a notice requiring that the "Outline (2025 Edition)" be used as an important content for the study of theoretical learning center groups of party committees (party groups), cadre training, and party member learning. The document presents Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought as the guiding principle for China's foreign affairs in the new era.
Summary: The article highlights Xi Jinping's emphasis on honoring military personnel and veterans, stating that "military personnel should become a profession respected by the whole society, and retired soldiers should become people respected by the whole society." It details various initiatives across China to improve the lives of military families and veterans, including preferential treatment programs and increased social recognition. These efforts aim to address the "three worries" of soldiers (后路、后院、后代) and foster a stronger sense of honor and support within society. The article also mentions the issuance of millions of preferential treatment cards for veterans, offering benefits in areas like transportation, tourism, and healthcare. Ultimately, the article argues that these actions will motivate soldiers to contribute to national development and rejuvenation.
Summary: The article discusses Hainan's efforts to build a high-level opening-up, highlighting streamlined customs clearance and digital empowerment to facilitate trade. Hainan is expanding visa-free entry for multiple countries and promoting cross-border e-commerce, including live streaming featuring foreign nationals. Foreign companies like Dun & Bradstreet are investing in Hainan, leveraging its data policies to enhance global supply chain connectivity. The Boao Lecheng pilot zone is also mentioned for its streamlined approval process for innovative drugs and medical devices, supported by the National Medical Products Administration. Hainan is aiming to become an important gateway for China's opening-up.
Summary: The second phase of the Meizhou Pumped Storage Power Station in Guangdong was completed on November 28th, bringing the total capacity of the station to 2.4 million kilowatts. The station, now the largest operating pumped storage station in China's electricity market, can consume up to 7.2 billion kilowatt-hours of clean energy annually. The second phase added four 300,000-kilowatt units, following the first phase's commissioning in 2022. The project has traded nearly 2 billion kilowatt-hours of market-based electricity. The station's control systems are entirely domestically developed and controlled, using domestically produced switchgear.
Summary: According to data released by the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, China's total social logistics volume increased by 5.1% year-on-year from January to October, with a 4.8% increase in October alone, indicating stable growth. Industrial goods logistics saw a steady increase of 5.3% during the same period, driven by strong growth in automobile manufacturing-related logistics. Logistics related to consumer goods and e-commerce continued to grow rapidly. The logistics demand from the new energy industry chain experienced high-speed growth, with green product logistics volumes like new energy vehicles and lithium-ion batteries for automobiles growing significantly.
Summary: The National Conference on Local Foreign Affairs was held in Beijing, where Wang Yi stressed that local foreign affairs work should be guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, particularly Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. He called for serving national diplomacy and high-quality development, leveraging local advantages to enhance foreign affairs work, and supporting the "15th Five-Year Plan." Wang also emphasized adhering to frugality in foreign affairs, ensuring efficiency in overseas visits and international forums. There was no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: According to Sun Meijun, head of China's General Administration of Customs, the agency will focus on both development and security, strengthening border controls to prevent risks related to politics, explosives, drugs, and smuggling. Customs will also improve trade facilitation through measures like the "Single Window" system and expand "Authorized Economic Operator (AEO)" cooperation. Further, they plan to align with high international standards of trade and promote the "Smart Customs" partnership to support the Belt and Road Initiative. Sun also noted that the agency is preparing for the official launch of operations in the Hainan Free Trade Port, aiming to create a high-standard free trade port with international competitiveness. The report did not directly refer to U.S.-China relations.
Summary: A formerly impoverished village in Sichuan's Liangshan Prefecture is revitalizing its apple industry through an East-West collaboration initiative with Ningbo, Zhejiang. Ningbo has invested funds and technology, including building industrial parks with modern storage and sorting facilities, and introducing apple wine production, to improve apple quality and increase the value of the harvest. This collaboration has boosted local employment and increased farmers' incomes, with the apple industry's total output value exceeding 3.3 billion yuan. The initiative has also improved logistics and marketing through the "Yongliang" train and the annual Apple Culture Festival in Ningbo.
Summary: The "甬凉号" rural revitalization train, carrying agricultural products from Liangshan Prefecture, including apples and grapes, will travel to Ningbo in 50 hours, aiming to improve transportation of goods to eastern markets. The work team collaborated with railway and local government platforms to launch the train service, addressing the challenges of costly and unstable road transport. They conducted extensive field research to understand the needs of farmers, focusing on cold chain logistics, cost subsidies, and consistent operation. Since its launch in December 2024, the "甬凉号" has operated 20 times, transporting over 1300 tons of goods, establishing a new channel for Liangshan products to reach eastern markets. The initiative seeks to boost incomes for local villagers by facilitating the movement of agricultural products.
Summary: According to a report from the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China has made progress in "two major" constructions (两重建设) by focusing on national strategic implementation and key areas of security capabilities. The NDRC, in conjunction with relevant departments, allocated 700 billion yuan and 800 billion yuan in ultra-long-term special treasury bonds in 2023 and 2024 respectively, supporting the construction of over 1400 "hard investment" projects each year. These projects include urban infrastructure upgrades, transportation infrastructure along the Yangtze River, modernization of large-scale irrigation areas for food security, and improvements to social welfare projects like education and healthcare. NDRC spokesperson Li Chao stated that the "two major" constructions will be planned and promoted in the overall situation of the "15th Five-Year Plan".
Summary: In Zhangye, Gansu Province, workers are collecting *haloxylon ammodendron* (saxaul) seeds in the Linze County desert control forest. These seeds will be processed and used to cultivate saxaul seedlings. Zhangye City, relying on local tree species seed collection bases, cultivates over 200 million drought-resistant seedlings like saxaul annually. The article does not discuss or allude to the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China have jointly issued a notice to include savings bonds (electronic) in the scope of individual pension products, effective June 2026. This requires institutions to open dedicated individual pension bond accounts for investors to record their purchases and holdings of these bonds. These pension bond accounts are to be linked to the individual's pension fund account, with fund transfers and tax policies adhering to individual pension system regulations. The opening institutions will provide convenient services for pension investors to inquire about and purchase savings bonds (electronic) through existing channels.
Summary: China and South Africa jointly released the "Initiative on Supporting Africa's Modernization" at the G20 summit, aiming to support African nations in pursuing independent paths to modernization and sustainable development, following consensus reached between Xi Jinping and South African President Ramaphosa. International figures interviewed by the *People's Daily* emphasized that the initiative aligns with the African Union's Agenda 2063 and seeks to provide international assistance for Africa's sustainable development. The initiative calls for adherence to principles such as fairness, openness, and mutual benefit in supporting African modernization. Experts noted the initiative highlights China's commitment to multilateralism and promoting the modernization of the Global South, particularly through infrastructure connectivity and trade facilitation. The initiative addresses reforming the international financial system, allowing African nations to better integrate into global supply chains.
Summary: The article emphasizes China's commitment to the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) as a platform for global governance and South-South cooperation, particularly in response to global uncertainties caused by trade protectionism and geopolitical conflicts. China is actively promoting security cooperation within the SCO, including combating transnational crime and establishing specialized centers to address security threats. Economically, China advocates for an open world economy and opposes protectionism while strengthening trade, investment, and infrastructure connectivity within the SCO framework, exemplified by its increasing trade volume with member states. Further people-to-people exchanges are encouraged to consolidate public support for the SCO's shared future.
Summary: Novi Sad Mayor Žarko Mićin, during a visit to Nanjing for the "2025 World Mayor Dialogue," praised China's sustainable development planning and open cooperation as valuable lessons for global cities. He highlighted the integration of cultural heritage and modern urban construction in Nanjing, citing it as inspiration for Novi Sad's development. Mićin noted the presence of endangered species in a large city like Nanjing, referencing China's experience in ecological restoration. He also emphasized the deepening China-Serbia relationship, pointing to Chinese investment in Novi Sad infrastructure projects, including the Hungary-Serbia railway. Mićin mentioned that a Shanghai-based company will build a factory in Novi Sad, bringing advanced technology and job opportunities.
Summary: Wang Yi, Politburo member and Director of the CCP Central Foreign Affairs Office, will travel to Russia from December 1st to 2nd. He is visiting at the invitation of Russian Security Council Secretary Sergei Shoigu. The purpose of the visit is to hold the 20th round of Sino-Russian strategic security consultations. No specifics were provided regarding the content of the consultations.
Summary: Wang Yi met with UK National Security Advisor Powell in Beijing on November 28th. Wang expressed hope that the UK would adopt a rational and pragmatic China policy, constructively address issues, and focus on cooperation. Wang also outlined China's stance on Japan-related issues and urged the UK to adhere to the One China principle. Powell stated the UK Labour government's desire to develop a coherent and strategic relationship with China. The meeting did not reference the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The 2025 World Intelligent Manufacturing Conference, themed "Digital Intelligence Driven, New Quality Leading," was held in Nanjing, showcasing advanced technologies and products. The event featured exhibits such as robotics and smart factories. It attracted 456 companies from 21 countries and regions, including the United States and Germany.
Summary: Peng Qinghua, Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee, met with First Deputy Chairman of the Majlisi Milli of the Majlisi Oli of Tajikistan, Akhmadzoda, in Beijing. The meeting was held in conjunction with the first meeting of the China-Tajikistan legislative body (upper house) cooperation committee. Discussions focused on bilateral relations, legislative exchanges, and regional and international issues of mutual concern.
Summary: Mu Hong, Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and head of the China-Africa Friendship Group, led a delegation to Tunisia from November 26-28, meeting with Foreign Minister Noureddine Erray and National Council of Regions and Districts President Dalbali. Mu stated China's willingness to implement the consensus reached by the two countries' heads of state and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Beijing Summit, following the elevation of bilateral relations to a strategic partnership last May. Erray affirmed Tunisia's adherence to the One China principle and support for Xi Jinping's initiatives, while Dalbali expressed interest in attracting Chinese investment. The Tunisian side also expressed a desire to align its "2026-2030" plan with the Belt and Road Initiative.
Summary: National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Vice Chairman Yang Zhen attended a reception at the East Timor embassy in Beijing celebrating the 50th anniversary of East Timor's independence. Yang met with East Timor's Deputy Prime Minister, Mariano Sabino Lopes, who traveled to China for the reception, to discuss bilateral relations. Lopes reaffirmed East Timor's commitment to the One China Principle.
Summary: The China-Indonesia Think Tank Forum (2025), themed "Celebrating the 75th Anniversary of China-Indonesia Diplomatic Relations," was held in Jakarta. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences President Gao Xiang and Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency Deputy Chairman Amarulla Octavian attended and delivered speeches. Experts from both countries discussed promoting practical bilateral cooperation and its regional/global significance. The discussions focused on advancing the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road," deepening the comprehensive strategic partnership, and building a China-Indonesia community with a shared future.
Summary: A vocational skills training program, organized by China's National Development and Reform Commission and Dalian Ocean University, recently took place in Dalian, focusing on new quality craftsmanship. Indonesian participants observed advanced techniques in aquaculture and seafood processing, expressing interest in replicating these models, especially the public-private partnership, in Indonesia. Trainees visited companies utilizing ecological farming methods such as rice-crab co-culture. According to an Indonesian official, Andi Yulianti Ramli, the training highlights the commitment of both countries to common development and close cooperation. The program, which began in 2023, has trained over 400 Indonesian vocational teachers and technicians in areas including AI, electric vehicles, precision agriculture, and biotechnology.
Summary: The 2025 Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) Riyadh Conference opened in Saudi Arabia on November 27th, co-hosted by the BFA and Saudi Basic Industries Corporation. Over 300 political, business, and academic figures from more than 10 countries and international organizations attended. BFA Secretary-General Zhang Jun stated that Asia remains a core engine of global growth and a leader in economic transformation, with countries like China playing a leading role in enhancing Asian economic resilience. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: A promotional event for the fourth China International Supply Chain Expo (CISCE) was held in Seoul on November 27th. The China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) representative in South Korea gave a presentation on the upcoming CISCE. The event was attended by over 600 representatives from South Korea and other APEC economies, including Gyeongsangbuk-do Vice Governor Yang Geum-hee and Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency (KOTRA) Research Institute Director Hong Chang-pyo. The event aimed to promote participation in the CISCE.
Summary: The Overseas-educated Scholars Association (欧美同学会) held its fourth "Entrepreneurship and Innovation" competition national finals in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on November 27th. The competition provided a platform for overseas-educated personnel to showcase projects and facilitate exchanges, while also expanding local channels for talent recruitment and project acquisition. The event was reported to have achieved fruitful results.
Summary: The Dongtai Community in Xining is optimizing basic elderly care services by establishing a new meal assistance point in response to residents' difficulties accessing existing services. The new "Happy Canteen" provides affordable and diverse meals, with discounts for elderly residents over 80 and those receiving minimum living allowances. Community grid members deliver meals to residents with mobility issues, providing not only food but also a check on their well-being. The canteen also plans to introduce services such as free haircuts and health consultations.
Summary: The article discusses the establishment of "Happy Canteens" (幸福食堂) in Xining, Qinghai province, specifically in the Dongtai community of the Chengzhong district, to provide affordable and convenient meals for the elderly. This initiative aims to address the needs of the aging population by offering accessible dining options, including meal delivery services provided by community grid workers. The program also highlights the importance of proactive governance and resource integration to improve social security and quality of life for senior citizens. The effort includes adjusting menus to fit the needs of the elderly, and expanding the functions of the meal service.
Summary: The English, French, Spanish, Japanese, Russian, German, Arabic, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Laotian translations of the documents from the 20th Central Committee's Fourth Plenum, including the communique, the 15th Five-Year Plan proposals, and explanations thereof, have been published by the Central Compilation and Foreign Languages Press. These foreign language versions are now publicly available domestically and internationally. Additionally, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Kazakh, Korean, Yi, and Zhuang versions have been published by the Nationalities Publishing House. This release signals the CCP's intent to disseminate its policy directives widely. No reference to the US or U.S.-China relations appears in the provided article.
Summary: The "2025 Tribute to Doctors Ceremony," co-sponsored by the Global Times, Health Times, and Life Times, was held at the People's Daily, aiming to implement Xi Jinping's instructions on respecting doctors and promoting a positive social atmosphere. The event honored exemplary medical professionals with awards like "National Renowned Doctors" and "Glorious Doctors." Wang Chen, former Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and Chen Jianwen, Editor-in-Chief of the People's Daily, attended and delivered speeches.
Summary: The Chinese Association for Human Rights Studies (CAHRS) convened a meeting in Beijing to study the spirit of the 20th Fourth Plenary Session of the CCP Central Committee. Attendees emphasized the importance of the session's proposals, particularly regarding the comprehensive development of human rights, focusing on economic, technological, cultural, social, ecological, and legal advancements. Participants stressed the need to adhere to the principle of "people-centered" development, ensuring that human rights are protected and improved, and promoting social equity and justice. CAHRS members declared that studying and promoting the spirit of the session is a significant political task, requiring deepened theoretical research and the building of a Chinese human rights knowledge system. They also called for active participation in multilateral human rights affairs and enhancing discourse power on international platforms.
Summary: A special program titled "Good People of China" premiered on CCTV, highlighting the stories of 12 individuals/groups who embody traditional Chinese virtues. These individuals exemplify dedication to their communities through acts of altruism, bravery, integrity, and filial piety. The program underscored their role in advancing China's modernization and national rejuvenation. Since 2008, the Central Spiritual Civilization Construction Office has promoted these "Good People," with over 17,000 individuals now listed, embodying socialist core values. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: The 20th National Journalists' Tennis Tournament was held in Luzhou, Sichuan Province, on November 27th, with over 200 participants from 94 media organizations across China. The tournament, featuring five events including men's singles and women's doubles, was co-organized by several entities, including the All-China Journalists Association. This long-running event, established in 1996, has attracted over 5,000 participants since its inception. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The newly completed Panxian-Xingyi High-Speed Railway in Guizhou province opened on November 28th. The railway, roughly 99km long and designed for speeds of 250km/h, marks the completion of high-speed rail coverage to all city-level administrative centers within Guizhou.
Summary: Following the completion of firefighting and rescue efforts for the Hong Kong Tai Po fire, which resulted in 128 deaths, Secretary for Security Tang Ping-keung announced a comprehensive police investigation lasting 3-4 weeks. The Hong Kong SAR government initiated a "whole-government mobilization," providing emergency housing, financial assistance, and establishing an aid fund. Mainland China and Macau are providing significant support, including financial aid, emergency supplies, and personnel. The Macau SAR government donated HK$30 million, and Guangdong province supplied rescue equipment and medical supplies. Various organizations and individuals in Hong Kong have also donated resources and provided assistance to those affected.
Summary: The organizing committee for China's 12th National Games for Persons with Disabilities and 9th Special Olympics announced the cancellation of the torch relay and opening ceremony, jointly hosted by Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau, due to unspecified considerations. A simplified closing ceremony will be held after the games conclude.
Summary: The article highlights Hainan's efforts to build a high-level opening-up, including visa-free entry policies that have led to over one million entries and exits by foreigners this year. Streamlined customs procedures, including "seamless customs clearance," are becoming the norm, and digital trade is booming, with the digital trade export and cross-border e-commerce trade soaring over the past year. Hainan is also piloting data exit management and attracting foreign investment in data processing. Finally, streamlined approval processes for pharmaceuticals and medical devices have benefited the healthcare industry, with policies and support from the central government driving the province's development.
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Summary: The article discusses the rapid growth of "low-altitude tourism" in China, involving activities like helicopter tours and paragliding, driven by demand for unique experiences and social media content. Local governments are supporting this trend by developing infrastructure and diversifying offerings, such as combining low-altitude experiences with cultural activities and tourism packages. Addressing challenges like talent shortages and safety concerns, regions like Xinjiang are investing in new airports and safety monitoring systems. The integration of general aviation and the cultural tourism industry is seen as crucial for stimulating consumer spending and promoting high-quality development in the tourism sector.
Summary: The article provides a detailed overview of China's six major tea categories: green, red, oolong, white, yellow, and black teas, outlining their distinct processing methods, characteristics, and regional variations. It explains the key processes like oxidation and fermentation that differentiate each tea type, resulting in unique flavors, aromas, and appearances. The article also suggests suitable teas for different consumer preferences and health considerations, such as recommending black tea for those with stomach sensitivity. The article emphasizes the importance of tea in Chinese culture.
Summary: This article discusses the "zhi" (卮), an ancient Chinese wine vessel, detailing its historical usage, material composition, and symbolic significance. Originally made of lacquer wood, the "zhi" evolved into more valuable forms such as jade, with jade "zhi" potentially reserved for royalty during the Han Dynasty. An example of a jade "zhi" discovered in the tomb of a Chu prince displays an intricate design. The article connects the vessel to historical texts like the *Records of the Grand Historian* and philosophical concepts like "yu zhi wu dang" (玉卮无当), highlighting its cultural importance. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to provide an accurate and concise summary tailored for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
Summary: The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed construction and released its first physical results, according to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Wen Liangjian, Deputy Director of the Institute of High Energy Physics, reported that JUNO measured the neutrino mixing angle θ12 and related mass parameters with higher precision than previous experiments. This experiment confirmed a "solar neutrino deviation," potentially indicating new physics beyond current understanding. JUNO aims to determine the neutrino mass ordering, which could unlock mysteries about the universe's evolution and the imbalance between matter and antimatter. The JUNO project is an international collaboration with over 700 researchers from 17 countries.
Summary: A recently confirmed impact crater in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province, named Jinlin crater, is now recognized as the largest Holocene (11,700 years ago to now) impact crater on Earth. Scientists estimate a 30-meter-wide asteroid struck the area at 20 km/s, releasing energy equivalent to 600,000 tons of TNT. The article discusses how scientists identify impact craters by looking for circular shapes and evidence of rock and mineral shock metamorphism. Earth has fewer impact craters than the moon due to higher rates of erosion, and China only has 5 confirmed craters due to the same factor. Studying impact craters helps scientists understand past environmental changes and explore Earth's deep structure.
Summary: A multinational research team, including Chinese, German, and American scientists, analyzed well-preserved dinosaur footprints discovered in Guizhou Province. The footprints, belonging to sauropods, basal sauropodomorphs, theropods, and basal ornithopods, indicate a lakeside environment in the Early Jurassic period suitable for diverse dinosaur activity. The team identified some tracks as potentially made by three-toed dinosaurs running or "pedaling", leaving only two-toe traces, which provides new reference for "suspected two-toed footprints." The presence of U.S. scientists on the team signals continued collaboration in paleontological research. The findings were recently published in the international academic journal *Journal of Asian Earth Sciences*.
Summary: A team led by Academicians Cheng Heping and Wu Runlong at Peking University has developed a multi-color miniaturized two-photon microscope, enabling high-resolution, deep-brain, color imaging of freely moving mice. This technology, described as upgrading from "black and white ultrasound to color ultrasound," allows for observation of multiple cell types and their interactions, advancing the understanding of neural circuits and brain diseases like Alzheimer's. The device achieves significant advancements in imaging depth, exceeding 850 microns, and facilitates rapid switching between "wide-angle panoramic" and "fine close-up" views. The technology has been successfully translated and exported to multiple countries, with future research focused on integrating optogenetics for neural activity control and increasing imaging speed. The research team also noted that this technology had been researched since 2001 internationally, but this group had accomplished full domestic production of the technology. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: A Chinese Academy of Sciences study led by the Kunming Institute of Zoology mapped the aging process of 30 major organ systems in rhesus monkeys, revealing asynchronous aging patterns at the molecular level. The research identified organs like the thymus, spleen, and ovaries as aging faster than others such as the brain and liver, suggesting varied rates of aging across different tissues. The study also highlighted key molecular characteristics driving these differences, which may inform future anti-aging interventions. Published in *Nature Methods*, the findings establish a crucial non-human primate baseline for human aging research.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to provide an accurate and concise summary for professional China analysts.
Summary: During the "14th Five-Year Plan," Langfang city has focused on integrating with Beijing and Tianjin through transportation infrastructure, industrial upgrades, and public service sharing. High-speed rail and highway construction accelerated, enhancing connectivity with Beijing and Tianjin, while the modern trade and logistics, and electronic information industries were prioritized. Cooperation with Beijing and Tianjin in education and healthcare has increased, and Langfang has become a popular destination for senior citizens from Beijing. Joint efforts with Beijing and Tianjin have also been made in environmental protection and pollution control, with the goal of becoming an ecological support zone for the region.
Summary: A multidisciplinary study of the Xinglong site in Hebei Province reconstructs the environmental changes over the past 11,700 years, revealing how early Holocene humans transitioned from hunting-gathering to semi-sedentary life and low-intensity agriculture in North China. The analysis of plant spores and phytoliths indicates three climatic phases, with a warm and humid period between 10,000 and 5,000 years ago fostering the emergence of millet and broomcorn millet cultivation around 8,000 years ago. This research highlights the region's role as a center for agricultural origins and demonstrates the flexible adaptation strategies of early humans to climatic changes. The study emphasizes the long-term co-evolution between humans and the environment and its relevance to contemporary ecological challenges. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The author, a researcher of ecological agriculture, recounts their decade-long study of Deqing, Zhejiang province, and its freshwater pearl aquaculture. They detail Deqing's history as a pioneer in ecological agriculture and the innovative composite farming techniques used to cultivate pearls in harmony with fish populations. The article highlights the work of local pearl farmer Shen Zhirong, who is considered the "contemporary Ye Jinyang" because of his contributions to pearl cultivation techniques. This year, Deqing’s freshwater pearl composite aquaculture system was officially included in the list of "Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems" by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The author commends Deqing for its spirit of innovation and ecological wisdom.
Summary: Professors Mikel Molist Montaña and Anna Gómez Bach from the Autonomous University of Barcelona engaged in a five-day exchange with students at Renmin University on the topic of archaeology. Mikel Molist discussed early agriculture in the Fertile Crescent and its parallels with the Cishan site in the Yellow River region, highlighting a cross-continental convergence of civilizations. Anna Gómez analyzed pottery fragments as "codebooks" to decipher social structures of prehistoric societies. The professors also visited the ancient Dule Temple, deeply moved by the cultural heritage. The exchange concluded with students gifting the professors handwritten fans and bracelets.
Summary: A team in Gansu's Dingxi City, in response to the fourth national cultural relic survey, has completed key tasks including field investigations, data entry, and material review, rediscovering 180 and discovering 33 new cultural relic sites. The team overcame challenging terrain in the Loess Plateau, relying on physical endurance, keen observation skills, and technological tools like satellite maps to identify and document historical sites. Researchers analyzed historical records and local accounts to understand the context and purpose of newly discovered fortresses, dating them primarily to the Ming Dynasty and late Qing Dynasty/early Republican period. The team meticulously recorded data and images, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the region's cultural heritage. The survey aims to build a solid foundation for the protection of cultural heritage.
Summary: Wang Yuanguang, a colleague, won first prize at the Anhui Province exhibition for his adaptation of the Tongling Bull Song. Wang credited the Tongling Bull Song, a local folk song from Tongling, for his success. The song, added to Anhui's intangible cultural heritage list in 2006, is now taught in schools and performed widely. Wang Xiaomei and other musicians are helping to preserve the tradition. The article makes no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: During the Second Sino-Japanese War, many universities in South China relocated to continue operating, with National Sun Yat-sen University moving as far as Yunnan before returning to Guangdong. Some institutions, including those from Hong Kong and Macau, moved between the three regions due to geographical proximity and cultural ties. After the outbreak of the Pacific War and the fall of Hong Kong, many institutions returned to the mainland, while others from Hong Kong and Macau also sought refuge inland. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations. Guangdong Province is now working to preserve these historical sites.
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The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core attaches great importance to inspection work, deploying and carrying out the fifth and sixth rounds of inspections by the 20th Central Committee, completing full coverage of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. From the inspections, the work of various provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities has achieved new progress and results, but there are also some problems that must be taken seriously politically and resolved seriously. It is necessary to take concrete actions to rectify the inspections, implement the main responsibility, strengthen daily supervision, and integrate the rectification of inspections with the study and implementation of the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and the planning of economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. This should be used as an important starting point for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, purifying the political ecology, and strengthening the construction of leading bodies, and promoting high-quality development with the effectiveness of rectification.
The Party committees of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities must thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想), firmly grasp the Party Central Committee's strategic positioning of the region, consistently implement the Party Central Committee's major decisions and deployments, and take practical actions to achieve "two safeguards." Establish and practice a correct view of performance, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, improve the cadre assessment and evaluation mechanism, and adhere to seeking truth and being pragmatic, and doing practical work. Persistently promote comprehensive and strict Party governance, tighten and solidify the political responsibility for governing the Party, strengthen the supervision and management of the "top leader," consolidate and expand the learning and education results of thoroughly implementing the spirit of the eight-point regulation of the Central Committee, strengthen the standardization and supervision of power allocation and operation, maintain a high-pressure anti-corruption stance, resolutely eradicate the soil and conditions for corruption, and create a clean and upright political ecology. Strengthen the construction of leading bodies and cadre teams, improve and implement democratic centralism, adhere to the correct employment orientation, and guide and encourage cadres to take responsibility. Enhance the sense of responsibility of always being uneasy, effectively prevent and resolve various risks, and improve the social governance system. Comprehensively use the inspection results, conduct in-depth research to solve the common problems found in the inspections, promote deepening reforms, and promote both short-term and long-term solutions.
Xinhua News Agency (新华社), Beijing (北京), November 28th. The Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee (中共中央政治局) held a meeting on November 28 to review the "Comprehensive Report on the Inspection of Provinces (Autonomous Regions, and Municipalities Directly Under the Central Government) by the 20th Central Committee." Xi Jinping (习近平), General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee (中共中央总书记), presided over the meeting.
The meeting pointed out that the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core attaches great importance to inspection work, deploying and carrying out the fifth and sixth rounds of inspections by the 20th Central Committee, completing full coverage of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. From the inspections, the work of various provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities has achieved new progress and results, but there are also some problems that must be taken seriously politically and resolved seriously. It is necessary to take concrete actions to rectify the inspections, implement the main responsibility, strengthen daily supervision, and integrate the rectification of inspections with the study and implementation of the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and the planning of economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. This should be used as an important starting point for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, purifying the political ecology, and strengthening the construction of leading bodies, and promoting high-quality development with the effectiveness of rectification.
The meeting emphasized that the Party committees of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities must thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想), firmly grasp the Party Central Committee's strategic positioning of the region, consistently implement the Party Central Committee's major decisions and deployments, and take practical actions to achieve "two safeguards." Establish and practice a correct view of performance, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, improve the cadre assessment and evaluation mechanism, and adhere to seeking truth and being pragmatic, and doing practical work. Persistently promote comprehensive and strict Party governance, tighten and solidify the political responsibility for governing the Party, strengthen the supervision and management of the "top leader," consolidate and expand the learning and education results of thoroughly implementing the spirit of the eight-point regulation of the Central Committee, strengthen the standardization and supervision of power allocation and operation, maintain a high-pressure anti-corruption stance, resolutely eradicate the soil and conditions for corruption, and create a clean and upright political ecology. Strengthen the construction of leading bodies and cadre teams, improve and implement democratic centralism, adhere to the correct employment orientation, and guide and encourage cadres to take responsibility. Enhance the sense of responsibility of always being uneasy, effectively prevent and resolve various risks, and improve the social governance system. Comprehensively use the inspection results, conduct in-depth research to solve the common problems found in the inspections, promote deepening reforms, and promote both short-term and long-term solutions.
The meeting also studied other matters.
Return to TopCongratulatory Letter
On the occasion of the opening of the Third Congress of Members of the China Volunteer Service Federation (中国志愿服务联合会), I extend my congratulations to the congress! And extend my greetings to the vast number of volunteers, volunteer service organizations, and volunteer service workers!
Volunteer service is an important symbol of social civilization and progress, and an important channel for volunteers to serve others and contribute to society. On the new journey, I hope that the vast number of volunteers, volunteer service organizations, and volunteer service workers will vigorously promote the spirit of volunteerism, actively participate in the vivid practice of building Chinese-style modernization, and strive to convey truth, goodness, and beauty and spread positive energy in serving national strategies, serving the people's livelihood, and serving social governance, and contribute volunteer service strength to the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
The China Volunteer Service Federation (中国志愿服务联合会) should strengthen its own construction, earnestly fulfill its responsibilities, and promote the high-quality development of volunteer service. Party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen organizational leadership, improve the volunteer service system, and create a strong atmosphere in the whole society to support and participate in volunteer service.
Xi Jinping (习近平)
November 27, 2025
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 28)
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 28. On the occasion of the opening of the Third Congress of Members of the China Volunteer Service Federation (中国志愿服务联合会), Xi Jinping (习近平), General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, sent a congratulatory letter, extending congratulations to the opening of the congress and greetings to the vast number of volunteers, volunteer service organizations, and volunteer service workers.
Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out in his congratulatory letter that volunteer service is an important symbol of social civilization and progress, and an important channel for volunteers to serve others and contribute to society. On the new journey, I hope that the vast number of volunteers, volunteer service organizations, and volunteer service workers will vigorously promote the spirit of volunteerism, actively participate in the vivid practice of building Chinese-style modernization, and strive to convey truth, goodness, and beauty and spread positive energy in serving national strategies, serving the people's livelihood, and serving social governance, and contribute volunteer service strength to the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized that the China Volunteer Service Federation (中国志愿服务联合会) should strengthen its own construction, earnestly fulfill its responsibilities, and promote the high-quality development of volunteer service. Party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen organizational leadership, improve the volunteer service system, and create a strong atmosphere in the whole society to support and participate in volunteer service. (The full text of the congratulatory letter will be issued separately.)
The Third Congress of Members of the China Volunteer Service Federation (中国志愿服务联合会) was held in Beijing (北京) from the 27th to the 28th. Xi Jinping's (习近平) congratulatory letter was read at the meeting.
The China Volunteer Service Federation (中国志愿服务联合会) was established in December 2013. It is a national, joint, and non-profit social organization voluntarily formed by volunteer service organizations, volunteers, and related units, organizations, and individuals. Over the years, it has made positive contributions to promoting the development of volunteer service in China.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 28th. In order to continuously deepen the study and implementation of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy, the Central Propaganda Department (中宣部) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (外交部) have updated and republished the "Study Outline of Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy," which was published in 2021, and organized the compilation of the book "Study Outline of Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy (2025 Edition)" (hereinafter referred to as "Outline (2025 Edition)"), which has been jointly published by People's Publishing House (人民出版社) and Study Publishing House (学习出版社) and is now being distributed nationwide.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has profoundly grasped the general trend of China and the world's development in the new era, carried out a series of major theoretical and practical innovations in foreign affairs work, led our country's foreign affairs work to achieve historic achievements and undergo historic changes, and formed Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy. Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy is an important component of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, a major theoretical achievement that combines the basic principles of Marxism with the specific practice of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and with China's outstanding traditional culture. It is a concentrated embodiment of the Party Central Committee's governance philosophy in the field of diplomacy with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, and it serves as the fundamental guideline and action plan for our country's foreign affairs work in the new era.
The "Outline (2025 Edition)" consists of 14 chapters, 50 sections, and 132 articles, totaling 103,000 characters. The book comprehensively reflects the original contributions and latest developments of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in the field of diplomacy, systematically elaborates on the historical background, profound connotation, theoretical character, and brilliant practice of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy, and provides authoritative supplementary reading materials for the vast number of Party members, cadres, and the masses to deeply study and implement Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy.
The Central Propaganda Department (中宣部) issued a notice requiring that the "Outline (2025 Edition)" be used as an important content for the theoretical study center groups of Party committees (Party groups), cadre training, and Party member study, so as to achieve deep study and firm belief, careful thinking and thorough understanding, and the unity of knowledge and action, further study, understand, and implement Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply study and implement Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Diplomacy, and continuously create a new situation in major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and strive to comprehensively build a strong socialist modern country, achieve the second centenary goal, and comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 金正波 李龙伊
"Let soldiers become the most respected profession in the whole society, and let retired soldiers become the most respected people in the whole society."
——July 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) made important instructions and emphasized the work of retired soldiers.
Early in the morning, a residential area in Zibo City (淄博市), Shandong Province (山东省), became lively: a meritorious service commendation was delivered to the home of Sergeant Yi Han (伊涵) of a certain airborne unit.
Yi Han's (伊涵) father stroked the commendation with tears in his eyes: "It is the most honorable thing for my child to do well in the army. I hope he will continue to work hard and make more contributions."
The meritorious service commendation reflects the glory of this military family. In recent years, the joint military-civilian mechanism for delivering commendations to homes has become increasingly complete and standardized, demonstrating respect and care.
The people's soldiers use their youth, sweat, blood, and even lives to protect the happy lives of the people.
"Soldiers are the most beloved people, and it is most basic to make soldiers respected," "The guarantees that should be provided must be provided well, and the policies that should be implemented must be implemented," "Let soldiers become the most respected profession in the whole society, and let retired soldiers become the most respected people in the whole society"... General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) words are full of deep feelings when it comes to caring for soldiers and retired soldiers.
Earnest entrustment, every word weighs a thousand pounds. Through a series of preferential policies and pro-military practices, the sense of gain, happiness, and honor of the vast number of military personnel, their families, and retired soldiers has been continuously enhanced.
Respect and care are not only in moments of glory, but also in every little bit of daily life.
At the entrance of Sayram Lake Scenic Area (赛里木湖景区) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区), Yu Haiyang (余海洋), a retired soldier, showed his retired soldier preferential treatment card and entered the scenic area. On this trip, he enjoyed discounts on tickets and accommodation with his preferential treatment card. "It's especially heartwarming to be able to enjoy tangible preferential treatment," said Yu Haiyang (余海洋).
In the hearts of retired soldiers, the red preferential treatment card is a symbol of honor, and it also carries the warm promise of the Party and the country.
Since the launch of the distribution at the end of 2021, tens of millions of preferential treatment cards have been issued to retired soldiers and other entitled groups across the country. From transportation to cultural tourism, from medical services to financial services, the usage scenarios of preferential treatment cards are constantly expanding and the functions are constantly improving.
At the same time, various preferential policies are constantly "expanding": hanging "Glorious Family" plaques for military families, many hospitals setting up exclusive windows for military personnel, their families, and retired soldiers, and the "Military First" signs at stations, airports, and docks are more eye-catching... Heart-warming preferential treatment makes respect and honor feel tangible.
Respect and care, solve worries with heart, and let contributors be single-minded.
"The way out, the home front, and the next generation" are related to the vital interests of officers and soldiers, and affect the hearts of thousands of military families.
In Lianyungang City (连云港市), Jiangsu Province (江苏省), military spouse Zhou Qian (周倩) enjoyed free prenatal care through a green channel. "From registration to examination, volunteers accompanied me, and the service was considerate." Lianyungang City (连云港市) provides free prenatal care and pregnancy courses for military spouses, reflecting the warmth of supporting the army with actions.
"Every military medal has half of the military family's contribution." Wei Yue (魏岳), director of the Lianyungang City (连云港市) Shuangyong Office, said, "The dedication of soldiers needs to be seen, and the families of soldiers should also be taken care of."
Revising the "Regulations on Preferential Treatment for Military Personnel," improving the assistance mechanism, regularly organizing job fairs for accompanying family members, and optimizing preferential treatment for the education of military children... All kinds of measures warm the hearts of soldiers and boost morale.
Respect and care further consolidate consensus and involve the whole society.
Near meal time, a shop in Jiangnan Moore Business Circle (江南摩尔商圈) in Jiaxing City (嘉兴市), Zhejiang Province (浙江省), is very popular. "We have been running the store for 8 years, and we became a 'Supporting the Army Alliance' merchant 3 years ago, and business has been good," said the store operator.
This business circle brings together more than 20 "Supporting the Army Alliance" merchants. "We widely mobilize high-quality merchants to join, covering catering, accommodation, medical care and other fields, to provide caring services for active and retired soldiers." The relevant person in charge of the Jiaxing City (嘉兴市) Veterans Affairs Bureau introduced that a "offline + online" benefit-the-army model has been formed locally.
Looking at the whole country, the team of units, enterprises, and social organizations that are enthusiastic about supporting the army and giving preferential treatment is constantly growing, and the tradition of supporting the army and giving preferential treatment is being carried forward in the new era. The social atmosphere of respecting the military profession and respecting retired soldiers is becoming increasingly strong, and the sense of honor of soldiers is further stimulated.
Putting the Party and the country's care and love for military personnel, their families, and retired soldiers into practice will surely inspire loyal guards to protect the lights of thousands of homes and support the grand dream of building a strong country and national rejuvenation with a more昂扬姿态.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者
"Seamless customs clearance" makes entering and exiting Hainan Island more convenient; digital intelligence empowers more efficient trade; pioneering trials and detailed implementation of policies... Hainan is striving to build a new high ground for high-level opening to the outside world. On December 18 this year, the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港) will officially launch full island customs closure.
In December 2024, when General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) listened to the work reports of the Hainan Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government, he emphasized: "Strive to build the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港) into an important gateway leading China's new era of opening to the outside world, and strive to write a Hainan chapter of Chinese-style modernization." In November 2025, when General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) listened to the work report on the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港), he emphasized: "Emancipate the mind, reform and innovate, and build a policy and system system adapted to a high-level free trade port in steps and stages."
Deeply implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions, Hainan is steadily expanding institutional opening-up, actively promoting the flow-based opening-up of goods and factors, better promoting the cross-border flow of production factors, and continuously improving the level of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation.
"Customs clearance procedures were completed quickly, and customs clearance was very smooth," said Karen, a British tourist who recently came to Sanya (三亚) for vacation. Since February 9 last year, China has expanded the reasons for visa-free entry into Hainan for people from 59 countries, adding business, visits, family visits, medical treatment, exhibitions, sports competitions and other reasons in addition to tourism; superimposed with unilateral visa-free, comprehensive mutual visa exemption and other policies, people from 86 countries can enter Hainan visa-free.
The dividend of the visa-free policy is accelerating into passenger flow attraction. As of mid-October, the number of foreigners entering and leaving Hainan this year has exceeded 1.06 million, and visa-free entry travelers account for nearly 90% of the total number of foreign tourists entering the country. At present, Sanya (三亚) has opened and operated 40 overseas routes, covering Europe, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia and other regions.
With the increase in passenger flow, the customs clearance process is also continuously optimized. A multi-level and efficient entry-exit system has built a "fast bridge." The border inspection department has launched the "online application + on-site verification" model, added intelligent card filling stations, biometric information collection instruments and other equipment, focusing on the construction of "smart border inspection," so that data "runs more" and passengers wait less... "Seamless customs clearance" is gradually becoming the norm.
With a coconut shell bag hanging on his body and speaking live broadcast words, Usman, a Nigerian student studying in the studio of Haikou Fuxing City Internet Information Industry Park (海口复兴城互联网信息产业园), is promoting a product with Hainan characteristics to the mobile phone live broadcast. On the screen, order prompts pop up constantly.
Aiming at the field of cross-border live broadcasting, Hainan Nihao Media Technology Group Co., Ltd. (海南您好传媒科技集团有限公司) has signed and cultivated more than 1,000 foreign anchors, including Usman, to promote Hainan's products to Southeast Asian and European and American markets, with the highest monthly sales exceeding 3.47 million yuan. "Coconut carving products and clothing with distinctive patterns sell well," Usman said.
Data show that in 2024, Hainan's digital trade exports amounted to 16.93 billion yuan, an increase of 79.7% year-on-year, and the cross-border e-commerce trade volume was 8.51 billion yuan.
This year, the "Hainan Free Trade Port Data Export Management List (Negative List) (2024 Edition)" was reviewed and filed by the State Cyberspace Administration of China (国家网信办) and the National Data Bureau (国家数据局), and a number of digital service trade enterprises have taken advantage of the situation.
Foreign-funded enterprise Dun & Bradstreet (邓白氏) has a globally renowned corporate information database. Seizing the opportunity, Dun & Bradstreet (邓白氏) has deployed the data processing business of overseas enterprises to Hainan, and relying on the opening dividend of the landing of Hainan's global data node, it has launched a supply chain evaluation network to help domestic and foreign enterprises efficiently link the upstream and downstream of the supply chain globally. "Hainan is our entrepreneurial paradise," said Wu Guangyu (吴广宇), the relevant person in charge of Dun & Bradstreet (邓白氏).
In the eastern part of Hainan Island (琼岛), 810 kinds of overseas-listed medical devices were exhibited at the Boao Lecheng International Innovative Drug and Medical Device Exhibition (博鳌乐城国际创新药械展). The cartilage regeneration composite scaffold produced by Hainan Susheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (海南苏生生物科技有限公司) is also displayed in the exhibition cabinet.
In September, the company's independently developed Class III medical device "all-suture anchor" was successfully approved for listing by the National Medical Products Administration (国家药监局). In the past three years, Susheng Bio has a total of 12 Class III medical devices and 6 Class II medical devices approved for listing. "Boao Lecheng (博鳌乐城) took the lead in carrying out the pilot application of clinical real-world data, and the approval and listing time of drugs and medical devices was shortened by at least two years," said Zeng Sheng (曾胜), chairman of Susheng Bio.
In September 2019, the National Medical Products Administration (国家药监局) and the People's Government of Hainan Province (海南省人民政府) jointly released the Hainan Boao Lecheng Pilot Zone (海南博鳌乐城先行区) Clinical Real-World Data Application Pilot Work Plan, and Lecheng (乐城) enjoys a continuous superposition of policies. Zhou Changqiang (周长强), Secretary of the Qionghai Municipal Party Committee (琼海市委) and Secretary of the Party Committee of the Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone Administration (博鳌乐城国际医疗旅游先行区管理局党委), said: "The national policy has truly empowered Hainan's biomedical industry."
Since the State Council approved the establishment of the Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone (博鳌乐城国际医疗旅游先行区) more than 10 years ago, Lecheng (乐城), which was originally a tidal flat, has "grown" more than 30 medical institutions. Among them, there are branches of public research hospitals such as Shanghai Ruijin (上海瑞金), as well as biomedical health service institutions for high-spending groups. Up to now, Lecheng (乐城) has established cooperative relations with more than 180 pharmaceutical and medical device enterprises, introduced more than 500 kinds of international innovative drugs and medical devices, and has benefited more than 180,000 patients.
(Our reporters Wang Zhifeng (王志锋), Zhou Yajun (周亚军), Dong Zeyang (董泽扬), and Li Xingyu (李星雨))
Return to TopOn November 28, the second phase of the Meizhou Pumped Storage Power Station (梅州抽水蓄能电站) in Meizhou (梅州), Guangdong (广东) was fully put into operation. At this point, the Meizhou Pumped Storage Power Station (梅州抽水蓄能电站), with a total capacity of 2.4 million kilowatts, has been fully completed, and can consume up to 7.2 billion kilowatt-hours of clean energy per year.
The second phase of the Meizhou Pumped Storage Power Station (梅州抽水蓄能电站) project installed four 300,000-kilowatt units, and the first phase of the project's four 300,000-kilowatt units were put into operation in 2022.
The Meizhou Pumped Storage Power Station (梅州抽水蓄能电站) is the pumped storage power station with the largest operating capacity in China's power market, and has accumulated nearly 2 billion kilowatt-hours of market-based electricity trading. The project's large-scale application of the first domestically produced (set) of pumped storage complete switchgear equipment has achieved complete technological independence and controllability of the control system.
By Cheng Yuanzhou (程远州) and Lai Pingyang (赖平洋) (People's Vision)
Return to TopThis newspaper reported from Beijing on November 28th (Reporter Ouyang Jie (欧阳洁)): The China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing (中国物流与采购联合会) released data showing that from January to October this year, the total national social logistics volume was 293.7 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.1%, and a year-on-year increase of 4.8% in October. The scale of logistics demand has grown steadily, and the structural adjustment and optimization characteristics are prominent.
The growth of industrial goods logistics has stabilized. From January to October, the total amount of industrial goods logistics increased by 5.3% year-on-year. In October, logistics demand related to automobile manufacturing increased by 16.8% year-on-year, and the growth momentum was relatively strong.
Logistics of goods for units and residents continued to grow rapidly. From January to October, the total amount of logistics for units and residents' goods increased by 6.4% year-on-year. Online consumer logistics continued to be active, and new business formats such as instant retail and live broadcast e-commerce developed vigorously, and related logistics demand maintained double-digit growth.
Logistics demand for the new energy industry chain continued to grow rapidly. In October, the logistics volume of green products such as new energy vehicles and lithium-ion batteries for automobiles increased by 19.3% and 30.4% year-on-year, respectively, which was higher than the average level of total social logistics volume.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 28th. The National Conference on Local Foreign Affairs was held in Beijing (北京) from the 27th to the 28th. Wang Yi (王毅), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, attended the meeting and delivered a speech, emphasizing that local foreign affairs work should be guided by Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping (习近平)'s Thought on Diplomacy, thoroughly implement the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, follow the foreign policy and country-specific policies determined by the Party Central Committee, serve the overall national diplomacy and the theme of high-quality development, leverage local characteristics and advantages, continuously promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of local foreign affairs, and powerfully serve the start of the "15th Five-Year Plan." It is necessary to implement the requirements of the Party Central Committee, adhere to diligence and thrift in handling foreign affairs, and ensure that overseas visits for official purposes and foreign-related forum exhibitions are pragmatic and efficient.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 欧阳洁
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized, "We must steadily expand institutional opening-up and further improve the level of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation," and "The more we expand opening-up, the more we must coordinate development and security." The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) continued to define promoting high-quality development as the theme of China's economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period and made arrangements for coordinating development and security, expanding high-level opening-up, and promoting innovative trade development. How to implement the relevant deployments of the Plenary Session? Our reporter interviewed Sun Meijun (孙梅君), Director and Party Secretary of the General Administration of Customs (海关总署).
Coordinating Development and Security, Fortifying the National Border Security Barrier, and Promoting the Construction of a Strong Trading Nation
Reporter: The Plenary Session proposed adhering to the coordination of development and security. As the "Guardian of the National Border," the customs is at the forefront of opening up to the outside world and plays an important role in maintaining national border security and promoting the construction of a strong trading nation. What are your specific considerations?
Sun Meijun (孙梅君): General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) has repeatedly emphasized the need to coordinate development and security, and the Fourth Plenary Session also included "adhering to the coordination of development and security" as one of the principles that must be followed for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. This provides a fundamental guideline for the customs to fully fulfill its duties and mission of guarding the national border and promoting development. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the national customs resolutely implemented the overall national security concept, integrated supervision into service, and achieved new progress and new results in ensuring high-quality development with high-level security. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," the customs has supervised an average of 5.2 billion tons of import and export goods per year, with a value of 41.5 trillion yuan, the largest volume in the world, and is safe, stable, and controllable. In 2024, China's total trade in goods reached 43.8 trillion yuan, ranking first in the world for eight consecutive years. In the first 10 months of this year, imports and exports reached 37.3 trillion yuan, an increase of 3.6% year-on-year, showing significant characteristics of market diversification, product greening and optimization, and vigorous development of new trade formats and models.
Security is the prerequisite for development, and development is the guarantee of security. In the next 5 years, various uncertain and unpredictable risk factors will significantly increase, and the task of coordinating development and security will become more arduous and heavy. The national customs will strengthen bottom-line thinking, carry forward the spirit of struggle, actively recognize and respond to changes, and make new contributions to achieving decisive progress in basically realizing socialist modernization with new achievements in better supervision, higher security, greater convenience, and stricter anti-smuggling efforts, and strive to be a national border guard that the Party can trust and the people are satisfied with. The focus will be on the following tasks:
First, focus on making efforts to fortify the national border security barrier. Build an integrated, all-factor risk prevention and control system and a full-chain supervision system, improve the ability to identify and warn risks and intercept and handle them at ports, and ensure a new development pattern with a new security pattern. Give full play to the "fist" role of port supervision, audit and investigation, and anti-smuggling law enforcement, strictly prevent security risks involving politics, explosives, and drugs, severely crack down on smuggling and related illegal and criminal activities in key channels, key areas, and key commodities, strictly control the inspection and quarantine of entry and exit, the prevention of biosafety, the quality of import and export commodities, and the responsibility for safe production, reject all kinds of unsafe risks outside the national border, and firmly guard the first line of national border security.
Second, focus on making efforts to improve the level of customs clearance facilitation. Continue to carry out special actions to facilitate cross-border trade, expand the scope of pilot cities, introduce more targeted and valuable facilitation measures, and create a first-class port business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized. Expand the interconnection of the "single window" for international trade, promote convenient measures such as "combined ports," "direct delivery at the ship's side," and "cross-border single lock," and expand the pilot scope of "single bill system" and "single box system" for multimodal transport by rail, road, water, and air to facilitate efficient and convenient customs clearance of import and export goods.
Third, focus on making efforts to promote innovative trade development. Innovate customs supervision systems and mechanisms, optimize and upgrade trade in goods, promote the transformation and upgrading of product structure, market layout, and development model, and promote balanced development of imports and exports. Study and introduce customs policies and measures to promote the improvement of the quality and efficiency of foreign trade, help enterprises explore diversified markets, and expand intermediate goods trade and green trade. Accelerate the cultivation of new drivers of foreign trade and optimize the export structure. Actively expand the import of high-quality consumer goods, innovate inspection and supervision models for advanced equipment, raw materials, and key components, and optimize the import structure. Improve the regulatory system for new formats and models such as cross-border e-commerce, overseas warehouses, and "bonded +," improve the export control regulatory mechanism, maintain a more secure and stable industrial chain and supply chain, and provide support for smooth domestic and international dual circulation.
Fourth, focus on making efforts to build smart customs. Further strengthen the leading and supporting role of science and technology, accelerate the overall assembly and integration of smart customs and the systematic restructuring of business models, and comprehensively promote the modernization of customs work. Strengthen the application of artificial intelligence and new regulatory equipment in customs supervision scenarios, and use technology to empower the construction of a new form of customs supervision and service that is networked and interconnected, digitally perceived, intelligently analyzed, and automatically operated, to achieve smooth supervision and rapid and seamless customs clearance, and further improve supervision efficiency and service level.
Connecting with International High-Standard Economic and Trade Rules and Expanding High-Level Opening-Up
Reporter: The Plenary Session proposed expanding high-level opening-up and creating a new situation of win-win cooperation. In which aspects will the customs focus on implementing this?
Sun Meijun (孙梅君): Adhering to opening-up, cooperation, and mutual benefit is an inevitable requirement of Chinese-style modernization. "Expanding high-level opening-up and creating a new situation of win-win cooperation" is a major decision and deployment made by the Party Central Committee (党中央) with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core from a global and strategic height, fully demonstrating the Party Central Committee's firm determination and confidence in promoting high-level opening-up. The national customs must thoroughly study and understand this and earnestly implement it. The focus will be on the following tasks:
First, promote "soft connectivity" of rules and standards, and win the initiative and expand the market through opening-up. Give full play to the role of the customs as a hub for the intersection of domestic and international dual circulation, actively connect with international high-standard economic and trade rules, and reduce "border" and "behind-the-border" barriers that restrict the flow of factors. Deepen the interconnection of the "single window" for international trade, and achieve connection with more countries and more services online "one-stop service." Expand the scope of "Authorized Economic Operator (AEO)" cooperation, so that AEO enterprises can enjoy more customs clearance facilitation measures for goods exported to foreign countries. Give full play to the role of the global "Smart Customs" online cooperation platform and the BRICS Customs Cooperation Demonstration Center (one platform and one center) built by China Customs, deeply participate in global customs governance reform, and actively contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions.
Second, promote the construction of open cooperation platforms and create open highlands with diverse forms. Steadily expand institutional opening-up, anchor the strategic goal of building a high-standard Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港), and focus on building a customs supervision system adapted to a high-level free trade port. Actively support the innovative development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区), the Hengqin Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone (横琴粤澳深度合作区), the Shanghai Hongqiao International Central Business District (上海东方枢纽国际商务合作区), and the Free Trade Pilot Zone, create high-level open platforms, and make good use of global factors and market resources. Promote the transformation and upgrading of comprehensive bonded zones to functional diversification, industrial high-end, trade facilitation, and management coordination, and better serve the construction of a new development pattern.
Third, promote the "Smart Customs" partnership program and serve the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road." The high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" is an important path to expand high-level opening-up and create a new situation of win-win cooperation under the new situation. We will deeply implement the "Smart Customs" partnership program, give full play to the role of the "Belt and Road" customs food safety cooperation, China-ASEAN animal and plant quarantine and food safety (SPS) cooperation, and China-Central Asia customs cooperation mechanisms, strengthen the connection with the development strategies of co-construction countries, share the construction achievements of China's "Smart Customs," expand new cooperation spaces such as green trade and agricultural and food access, open up new paths for industrial chain and supply chain cooperation, improve new mechanisms for information sharing and law enforcement assistance, and serve the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" to go steadily and far.
Fourth, promote the opening layout of ports and help build international logistics corridors. Scientifically compile and implement the "15th Five-Year Plan" for port modernization, promote the upgrading and transformation of port infrastructure and the improvement of functions, build important hub node ports with high standards, and continuously improve port passage capacity. Give full play to the role of the port international cooperation mechanism, promote the upgrading of port infrastructure construction in neighboring countries, strengthen cross-border interconnection of hardware and software facilities, and facilitate international economic and trade exchanges. Promote multimodal transport by rail, road, water, and air, and regulatory models such as railway express, and vigorously support the high-quality development of international logistics corridors such as China-Europe (Asia) trains and the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor in western China.
Building the Hainan Free Trade Port to a High Standard and Ensuring Smooth and Orderly Sealing and Operation
Reporter: The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal proposes building the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港) to a high standard. On December 18, the Hainan Free Trade Port will officially launch the sealing of the entire island, which is a landmark measure for China to unswervingly expand high-level opening-up and promote the construction of an open world economy. After the sealing, the entire Hainan Island will be built into a special customs supervision area. What is the progress of the preparations for the sealing of the entire island?
Sun Meijun (孙梅君): Building the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港) to a high standard is a major decision made by the Party Central Committee (党中央) with a view to comprehensively deepening reform and opening up in the new era. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) attaches great importance to this, personally planning, personally deploying, and personally promoting it, and has made a series of important instructions and approvals, providing fundamental guidelines for doing a good job in the construction of the Free Trade Port. The General Administration of Customs (海关总署) has thoroughly studied and implemented the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions and approvals, implemented the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee (党中央) and the State Council (国务院), taken the initiative to assume responsibility and actively take action, and, focusing on the requirements of both "letting go" and "managing well," has worked with relevant departments and Hainan Province (海南省) to make every effort to do a good job in various preparations to ensure the smooth and orderly sealing of the entire island.
First, innovate and establish a customs supervision system. In accordance with the regulatory requirements of "opening up on the first line, controlling on the second line, and freedom within the island," we have formulated and issued a number of systems such as customs supervision measures and tariff exemption policies for processing and value-added, as well as a series of supporting documents. We have launched and operated a customs smart supervision platform and established a smart supervision system of "one person one code, one enterprise one account, one item one chain, and one call one response," using regulatory system innovation to promote Hainan's (海南) high-quality development and high-level opening-up.
Second, build a major risk prevention and control system. Focusing on the full-factor risks of sealing and operation, relying on new technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, we have built a risk management platform and risk identification model, and established a risk prevention and control mechanism for source control, information sharing, joint research and judgment, and coordinated disposal, to effectively improve supervision efficiency and the ability to prevent and resolve risks. Strengthen joint prevention and control of risks in key areas such as anti-smuggling, and maintain a high-pressure situation in cracking down on smuggling.
Third, promote facility construction to a high standard. Adhering to the principles of scientific planning, intensive and shared use, we support Hainan Province (海南省) in upgrading 8 opening ports to the outside world and building 10 "second-line ports" to a high standard. All have completed formal acceptance, and all customs sealing and operation support projects have been completed and put into use.
Fourth, carry out pressure tests in a combat-oriented manner. We have carried out pilot projects for tariff exemption policies for processing and value-added in 129 enterprises on the island, and have rolled out "second-line port" sealing combat exercises and single-item simulation tests for "zero tariff" on imported goods. We have organized more than 300 enterprises to carry out full-process, full-factor, full-coverage, and large-sample exercises. The overall progress is smooth, laying a solid foundation for the smooth and orderly sealing and operation.
In the next step, we will anchor the strategic goal of building the Free Trade Port, coordinate development and security, balance opening-up and security, coordinate convenience and security, build a customs supervision system adapted to a high-level free trade port in stages and steps, create a first-class business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized, and strive to build the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港) into a special customs supervision area with international competitiveness and influence, and build it into an important gateway leading China's (中国) opening-up to the outside world in the new era.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 游 仪
With hands tanned and face flushed, Xiao Ji'an (肖继安), a formerly impoverished household from Zhonggulou Village (钟鼓楼村), Weicheng Town (卫城镇), Yanyuan County (盐源县), Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (凉山彝族自治州), Sichuan Province (四川), was busy in his orchard early in the morning. Looking around, the red fruits hung all over the branches. In a few days, these carefully cultivated Yanyuan apples will "ride" the rural revitalization train, cross more than 2,000 kilometers, and reach consumers in Ningbo (宁波), Zhejiang (浙江).
Yanyuan (盐源) is located on a plateau, and its terrain and climate are suitable for growing apples. However, being able to grow them does not necessarily mean growing them well or selling them well. Xiao Ji'an's (肖继安) family has 12 mu of orchard, but the mountain is too deep, and it takes half a day to drive in, making it difficult to sell. The money earned from selling the fruit to visiting merchants is the family's income for a year. "The size and quality of the fruit are unstable, and the price is lowered, but everyone has no choice," Xiao Ji'an (肖继安) recalled.
Apples are one of the main industries in Yanyuan (盐源), but their development potential needs to be tapped urgently. In 2021, in a new round of East-West collaboration, Yinzhou District (鄞州区) of Ningbo City (宁波市) began to provide counterpart assistance to Yanyuan (盐源), investing 60 million yuan annually in collaborative funds to support industrial and other development.
To promote the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, how should funds be invested? Which key links should they be used in? The project's "investment account" has the answer.
——36.9 million yuan was used to build an industrial park to standardize quality, which can store 1,000 tons of apples and has an annual output value of over 10 million yuan.
"Once the fruit is set, it's all sent here." Following the direction of Xiao Ji'an's (肖继安) finger, a modern factory building came into view, complete with workshops, cold storage, and sorting lines.
"This village is the main apple-producing area, and staggered listing is more economically beneficial." Zhuang Qi (庄琪), a Ningbo (宁波) cadre who is the deputy county magistrate of Yanyuan County (盐源县), believes that building a modern industrial park is conducive to promoting industrial development, and East-West collaboration should do "addition" around industrial construction to leverage social capital.
Where does social capital come from? Under the guidance of the Ningbo City (宁波市) East-West Collaboration and Assistance Work Team to Liangshan Prefecture (凉山州), in 2023, a Zhejiang (浙江) enterprise saw the development prospects of the Yanyuan (盐源) apple industry and built an apple industrial park in Zhonggulou Village (钟鼓楼村). "In the past, apples were not screened, so they could not enter large supermarkets in the east and could not be sold at a good price. So we introduced fruit and vegetable sorting lines to classify them according to specifications," said Yan Tao (晏涛), the head of the enterprise, adding that screening can prevent bad fruit from entering the market.
Under the East-West collaboration mechanism, the enterprise invested 20 million yuan to build factory buildings and sorting lines; the collaboration funds invested 3 million yuan to build cold storage, which can store 1,000 tons of apples. In addition to managing his own orchard, Xiao Ji'an (肖继安) also works in the industrial park, earning more than 20,000 yuan a year. Last year, his family's apples were sold to the industrial park for 0.5 yuan more per jin than the market purchase price. An apple industrial park has driven more than 80 villagers in the surrounding area to work, increasing their average annual income by more than 30,000 yuan, and the park's annual output value exceeds 10 million yuan.
The second phase of the apple industrial park project, which was just completed last week, includes two sets of standardized factory buildings and a single-channel fruit and vegetable sorting line, with an investment of 13.9 million yuan, of which 9.9 million yuan is from East-West collaboration funds. "Apples from all over the county can be tested, and a traceability certification mark will be affixed," said Qiu Yujun (邱玉军), deputy secretary of the Weicheng Town (卫城镇) Party Committee.
——2 million yuan was invested in winemaking to extend the chain, driving more than 250 fruit farmers to increase their income by more than 20%.
Pushing open the door of the workshop, a humid and hot atmosphere mixed with the aroma of wine wafts in. Hundreds of pottery jars are arranged in order, and the distiller's grains are continuously fermenting. "A batch of apple wine was just launched recently, thanks to the technical support of Ningbo (宁波), the industrial chain of Yanyuan (盐源) apples has been extended." Qing Shifa (卿世发), the head of the winery, said with emotion in the Yanyuan County (盐源县) Modern Agriculture E-commerce Industrial Park.
In addition to fresh fruit sales, most Yanyuan (盐源) apples were only used as raw materials for crude processing of juice in the past due to lack of technology and talent. About 100,000 tons of small and substandard fruits are wasted every year in the county. How to improve the value of apples?
In 2021, Ningbo Ningzhan Project Management Group Co., Ltd. came to Yanyuan (盐源) to provide bio-fermentation technology, and Yanyuan (盐源) provided factory buildings and raw materials to brew fruit wine together. It only took 51 days from project signing to successful wine production. If there is no venue, idle factory buildings are used; if there is a shortage of funds, East-West collaboration funds of 2 million yuan are invested to purchase sorting, distillation, filling and other equipment; if there is a shortage of talents, Ningzhan Company sends technical experts to stay and guide, and train workers.
Now, the apple wine project consumes 170,000 jin of apples a year, with an annual output value of five to six million yuan, directly driving more than 250 fruit farmers to increase their income by more than 20%. Qing Shifa (卿世发) calculated an account: "The price of 1 kilogram of apple base wine is 120 times the price of apples, bringing real income to fruit farmers."
In addition to apple wine, Ningbo Junhao Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. has also jointly established a company with Yanyuan County (盐源县), relying on the fermentation technology of the national-level biotechnology platform to convert small and defective fruits into high value-added apple feed. In 2024, the company's output value exceeded 20 million yuan.
In Yanyuan (盐源), a rural revitalization industrial chain focusing on apple production, processing and sales is beginning to take shape. By supplementing and strengthening the chain, the local hematopoietic capacity is constantly enhanced.
——More than 1 million yuan is invested in cultural festivals every year, and the comprehensive output value of Yanyuan (盐源) apples exceeds 3.3 billion yuan.
Apples are grown well, but they must also be sold. How do Yanyuan (盐源) apples "get out of the mountains and reach the sea"?
Every November, the Yanyuan (盐源) Apple Culture Festival in Ningbo (宁波) is crowded with people, and visiting citizens place orders.
On-site, sales agency agreements for Yanyuan (盐源) agricultural specialty products, logistics chain cooperation agreements, and tourism strategic cooperation agreements will also be signed. The relevant person in charge of the Yanyuan County (盐源县) Bureau of Commerce said that this project invests more than 1 million yuan in East-West collaboration funds every year, and the "out of the circle" effect is obvious.
With more guaranteed quality and a louder reputation, Yanyuan (盐源) apples have entered Ningbo (宁波) supermarkets and opened exclusive counters. Yanyuan County (盐源县) and dozens of commercial and trade enterprises in Ningbo (宁波) have reached offline cooperation intentions, and promoted apple sales through union procurement, entrepreneur association subscriptions, and other methods. "Yanyuan (盐源) apples are good, but people don't know it. We control the quality well, and consumers have the opportunity to taste them, so they will place orders," said Zhuang Qi (庄琪). In 2024, Yanyuan (盐源) apple consumption assistance exceeded 70 million yuan.
At the same time, Yanyuan County (盐源县) relies on the Yong (Ningbo) (甬 (宁波)) Liang (Liangshan) (凉 (凉山)) "two-place warehouse" to operate the "Yongliang" (甬凉号) Rural Revitalization Train, improve public, railway, and air trunk logistics, and unblock logistics, warehousing, cold chain, and other links to promote logistics cost reduction and efficiency improvement, so that more Yanyuan (盐源) apples can reach the eastern market faster.
By the end of 2024, Yanyuan (盐源) had planted 430,000 mu of apples, with an output of more than 700,000 tons and a comprehensive output value of more than 3.3 billion yuan. Relying on "mountain resources" and giving play to "sea advantages," red apples are becoming the "golden fruits" of mountain people.
This issue is coordinated by: Guo Xueyan (郭雪岩)
Return to TopBy: 张怡洲
With the sound of the whistle, the train departed from Xichang South Station (西昌南站) in Liangshan Prefecture (凉山州). After 50 hours, the "Yongliang" Rural Revitalization Train, loaded with 20 tons of Yanyuan apples (盐源苹果) and 38 tons of grapes, would arrive at Ningbo North Station (宁波北站).
For a long time, Liangshan (凉山) agricultural products have relied entirely on road transportation to get out of the mountains. The trucks circled the mountains again and again, and the growers' hearts were also on edge: if the time was too long, it would be difficult to sell the fresh goods. After we arrived, we helped to expand the eastern market, but the long-term stable and low-cost transportation of bulk agricultural products remained a problem. In distress, the working group thought of railway transportation, which is more stable and has a sufficient transportation volume. With a "let's give it a try" attitude, we found the China Railway Special Cargo Chengdu Branch (中铁特货成都分公司) and the Liangshan Prefecture Government Platform Company (凉山州政府平台公司) to discuss opening a train service to make up for the shortage of road transportation.
Hearing that a rural revitalization train was to be launched, everyone 一拍即合 (yī pāi jí hé - "hit with one palm," to agree instantly; to chime in easily). However, the operation was full of difficulties: how to organize the source of goods, how to route the line, where to transport it... We communicated and studied repeatedly. Last year, the team also plunged into the mountains, from the Yanyuan Apple Base (盐源苹果基地) to the Xiyao Town Beef Cattle Breeding Base (西瑶镇肉牛养殖基地), from the Cocoon Silk Industrial Concentration Development Zone (茧丝绸工业集中发展区) to the Mulberry Branch Edible Fungus Base (桑枝食用菌基地), to investigate the needs of growers and the characteristics of cargo transportation, staying for a month or so: cold chain transportation must be used to reduce cargo damage; East-West collaboration funds subsidize to reduce logistics costs; regular operation to stabilize sales channels and continuously "create blood"...
On December 1, 2024, the first "Yongliang" Rural Revitalization Train departed, and we blazed a new trail for Liangshan's (凉山) high-quality agricultural products to conveniently "leave the mountains and reach the sea." Since the beginning of this year, the "Yongliang" has operated 20 batches and 83 vehicles, transporting 1,326 tons of goods, and has been operating on a fixed weekly basis since July.
As train after train departs, more Liangshan (凉山) specialties are leaving the mountains and entering the eastern market, driving more villagers to increase their income and become rich.
(The author is the captain of the Ningbo (宁波) City East-West Collaboration and Assistance Work Team to Liangshan Prefecture (凉山州). This reporter You Yi (游仪) interviewed and compiled the report.)
Return to TopThis newspaper's Beijing (北京) dispatch on November 28th (Reporter Liu Zhiqiang (刘志强)) - The reporter learned from the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委): Since last year, the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委), together with relevant departments and local authorities, has highlighted the nature and requirements of the implementation of major national strategies and the construction of security capabilities in key areas, adhered to a top-down approach, emphasized the combination of software and hardware, and promoted the "two major" constructions to achieve phased progress. Last year and this year, 700 billion yuan and 800 billion yuan of ultra-long-term special treasury bonds were arranged respectively to support the construction of 1465 and 1459 "hard investment" projects; at the same time, planning, policy formulation, and institutional mechanism innovation were promoted, and a series of "soft construction" pragmatic measures were introduced and implemented.
In terms of sub-sectors, in terms of new urbanization, efforts have been made to promote the construction and renovation of urban underground pipe networks for gas, water supply and drainage, and heating, accelerate the improvement of the operation, maintenance and management mechanisms of pipe networks, and significantly improve the level of urban safety and resilience.
In terms of major transportation infrastructure along the Yangtze River (长江), the construction of major transportation infrastructure such as the Three Gorges (三峡) Water Transport New Channel, the Shanghai-Chongqing-Chengdu (沪渝蓉) High-speed Railway along the Yangtze River, and the Wuhan-Chongqing (武汉至重庆) Expressway has been actively promoted to continuously improve the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network of the Yangtze River (长江) trunk line.
In terms of food security, the modernization of super-large irrigation areas of tens of millions of mu, such as the Anhui (安徽) Pishihang (淠史杭), the Sichuan (四川) Dujiangyan (都江堰), and the Inner Mongolia (内蒙古) Hetao (河套), has been planned and implemented as a whole, and the construction of concentrated and contiguous grain production bases has been accelerated.
In terms of social welfare, 664 new and expanded high schools have been supported in key cities with population inflows, adding more than 1 million ordinary high school places. Support the renovation of 15,000 wards to improve medical conditions for the masses. Promote more than 30 "Double First-Class" universities' new campuses to enter the stage of large-scale construction, accelerate the filling of shortcomings such as university student dormitories, and improve basic school-running conditions.
Li Chao (李超), a spokesperson for the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委), said that he will work with relevant departments to plan and promote the "two major" constructions in the overall situation of the "15th Five-Year Plan" to provide stronger support for promoting Chinese-style modernization.
Return to TopRecently, at the Desert Control Forest Farm in Linze County, Zhangye City (张掖市), Gansu Province (甘肃省), workers tapped the branches of Haloxylon ammodendron to collect seeds. After being transported to the processing center, these seeds can be used to cultivate Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings. Zhangye City (张掖市), relying on native tree species seed collection bases, cultivates more than 200 million drought-resistant seedlings such as Haloxylon ammodendron annually.
Photo by Wang Jiang (王将) (People's Vision)
Return to TopThis newspaper reported from Beijing on November 28th (Reporter Qu Zhehan (曲哲涵)) The Ministry of Finance (财政部) and the People's Bank of China (中国人民银行) recently issued the "Notice on Matters Concerning the Inclusion of Savings Bonds (Electronic) into the Scope of Individual Pension Products," clarifying that from June 2026, institutions operating individual pension savings bonds (electronic) business will provide pension investors with relevant services for purchasing savings bonds (electronic).
Before pension investors purchase savings bonds (electronic), institutions should open a special individual pension gold bond account for them to record the periods, quantities, and holding changes of the savings bonds (electronic) purchased by pension investors. The pension gold bond account should be linked to the investor's own pension fund account, and the flow of funds, withdrawal conditions, and tax policies shall comply with the relevant provisions of the individual pension system.
Operating institutions should provide pension investors with convenient services such as inquiry and purchase of savings bonds (electronic) through the savings bond business channels that have already been opened. The allocation ratio of pension-specific quotas for each operating institution will be adjusted quarterly. The initial allocation ratio will be determined based on the proportion of uninvested funds in all pension fund accounts opened by each operating institution, and subsequent quarterly allocations will be determined based on the proportion of savings bonds (electronic) sold to pension investors by each operating institution in the previous quarter.
Return to TopIn order to implement the important consensus reached by President Xi Jinping (习近平) and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa (西里尔·拉马福萨) during the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in September 2024, the Chinese and South African governments recently jointly released the "Cooperation Initiative to Support Africa's Modernization" (hereinafter referred to as the "Initiative") at the 20th G20 Leaders' Summit. The Initiative aims to support African countries in independently exploring modernization paths that suit their national conditions and achieve sustainable development.
International figures interviewed by this newspaper stated that the "Initiative" was jointly formulated by China and Africa, aligns with the vision and expectations of African countries, clarifies the principles of international support for Africa, gathers the strong voice of promoting multilateralism, and opens up broader space for China and Africa to jointly advance modernization.
"Meets the Realistic Development Needs of African Countries"
Achieving modernization is the common pursuit and inalienable right of all countries in the world. The "Initiative" aims to support the implementation of the African Union's "Agenda 2063" and its seven core aspirations, as well as the construction of the African Continental Free Trade Area, calling on the international community to provide assistance for Africa's sustainable development and ensure that no country is left behind on the path to modernization.
"The 'Initiative' meets the realistic development needs of African countries," said Rebeca Grynspan, Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Technological advancements in areas such as renewable energy will bring more development hopes to African countries. China has advanced technologies and experience in these fields, and establishing a sustainable partnership with China will help Africa achieve industrial transformation, upgrading, and technological innovation.
"The African side appreciates China's proposal of eight actions to support global development at the G20 Rio de Janeiro Summit. The 'Initiative' is timely and reflects the support of South Africa and China for the development of the African continent," said South African Deputy Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Alvin Botes (莫拉卡). The "Initiative" supports African countries in independently exploring modernization paths that suit their national conditions and realizing the African people's aspirations for a better life. Africa and China respect each other, unite and cooperate, which will accelerate the pace of the African continent towards modernization.
"The 'Initiative' reflects that China-Africa relations are based on respect and equality," said Balu Demissie (巴鲁·德米西), a senior advisor at the Ethiopian Policy Research Institute. The cooperation principles and key cooperation areas proposed in the "Initiative" highly align with the goals of the African Union's "Agenda 2063," which will help achieve the economic, social, and technological transformation of the African continent.
"China has successfully promoted and expanded Chinese-style modernization, providing an important reference for global South countries, including Africa, to achieve modernization," said Araia Semanda (阿拉维·塞曼达), Executive Director of the Uganda Development Watch Centre. The "Initiative" is another important achievement in deepening mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Africa and a clear example of Chinese wisdom contributing to African development.
"Constructed a More Just and Equal Paradigm of Modernization Cooperation"
The "Initiative" calls on the international community to adhere to goal-oriented and action-oriented approaches, follow the basic principles of fairness and rationality, openness and win-win cooperation, people-centeredness, diversity and inclusiveness, ecological friendliness, and peace and security, and jointly support Africa's modernization cause.
"These principles construct a more just and equal paradigm of modernization cooperation, with significant universality and inclusiveness, which will bring tangible benefits to the more than 2.8 billion people of Africa and China," said Anthony Msimanga (安东尼·穆恩萨米), Chief Director of the Department of Cooperative Governance in Gauteng Province, South Africa. He looks forward to further promoting practical cooperation between Africa and China in areas such as poverty reduction, public health, education, and employment.
The "Initiative" calls on all parties to adhere to the principle of "Africa proposes, Africa agrees, and Africa leads," which impressed Paul Frimpong (保罗·弗林蓬), Executive Director of the Centre for China-Africa Policy Advisory in Ghana. "China supports African countries in exploring modernization paths based on their own civilizational characteristics and development needs. Ensuring the autonomy of African countries in the modernization process is crucial," said Frimpong.
"Africa and China have broad cooperation space in areas such as poverty reduction and rural development, green transformation, and public health. Strengthening experience exchange and technology sharing between the two sides will help achieve common development in mutual benefit and win-win cooperation," said Demissie. The "Initiative" focuses on capacity building for Africa's modernization development, helps Africa achieve its economic structural transformation goals, and supports the development of Africa's local manufacturing industry and the upgrading of value chains.
Kirtan Bhana (克里坦·巴哈纳), editor-in-chief of South Africa's *Foreign Affairs* magazine, noted that the "Initiative" mentions green and low-carbon transformation, the development of regional value chains, and the carrying out of innovative cooperation, calling for accelerating the reform of the international financial system. "Related measures allow African countries to better integrate into the global production and supply chains and value chains, helping Africa achieve independent and sustainable modernization," said Bhana. A series of specific actions reflect China's sincere desire to help Africa develop and actively respond to African countries' demands for independent and autonomous modernization.
"Sent Out a Strong Voice of Promoting Multilateralism"
"The 'Initiative' sent out a strong voice of promoting multilateralism," said Koffi Kouakou (科菲·库阿库), a senior researcher at the Africa-China Research Centre at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. China and African countries have engaged in in-depth cooperation in infrastructure connectivity, trade and investment facilitation, and other areas, continuously injecting momentum into promoting the unity and progress of global South countries.
"'The principle of consultation, joint construction, and shared benefits' is an important part of the 'Initiative,' which will help promote the construction of a more just and reasonable global governance system," said Osoke (奥索凯), a Nigerian expert on international issues. In recent years, China and Africa have achieved fruitful results in cooperation in areas such as industrialization and agricultural modernization, fully demonstrating China's sincere willingness and practical effectiveness in supporting Africa's modernization.
"The 'Initiative' reflects the continuity and stability of China's policy towards Africa and once again demonstrates China and Africa's determination to adhere to multilateralism and promote the modernization of the global South," said Dennis Munene (丹尼斯·穆内内), Executive Director of the China-Africa Centre at the Africa Policy Institute in Kenya. In June of this year, China announced its willingness to sign agreements on economic partnerships for common development and implement zero-tariff treatment for 100% of tariff items on products from 53 African countries that have diplomatic relations with China. "This is an important measure for China to expand its independent opening-up and a vivid practice of China and Africa working together towards modernization."
Grynspan said that China plays a leading role in supporting the modernization of developing countries, and the zero-tariff measure shows China's commitment to writing an inclusive and shared "new story."
Indonesia's Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs, Airlangga Hartarto (艾尔朗加), believes that China is an important partner in helping developing countries build local processing capabilities and obtain financing and technology. The "Initiative" reflects China's firm support for global South countries to achieve industrialization and enhance economic resilience.
"In the context of rising unilateralism and protectionism, solidarity and cooperation between Africa and China are crucial," said Tan Zheli (谭哲理), head of the South African Zheli China-Africa International Exchange Think Tank. China actively shares its own modernization experience, promotes the flow of factors such as technology, capital, and talent to Africa, and helps Africa accelerate its development, which also creates conditions for Chinese companies to explore the African market and achieve mutual benefit and win-win cooperation between Africa and China. "This 'two-way rush' enables Africa and China to achieve each other in the modernization process and jointly write a new chapter in the modernization of the global South."
(Reported from Johannesburg, Nairobi, Cairo, and Abuja on November 28 by reporters Dai Kairan (戴楷然), Zou Song (邹松), Zheng Xiang (郑翔), Huang Weixin (黄炜鑫), Shen Xiaoxiao (沈小晓), and Jiang Xuan (姜宣))
Return to TopBy: 蓝庆新 张小锋
Further exploring the common interests among all parties of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), and deepening cooperative partnerships, will contribute solutions to addressing global challenges and bring a demonstration effect to South-South cooperation.
Adhering to the "Shanghai Spirit," the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) keeps pace with the times and always leads the direction of development with advanced concepts. During the 2025 SCO Tianjin Summit (2025年上合组织天津峰会), President Xi Jinping (习近平) proposed the Global Governance Initiative, calling on the SCO to play a leading role and be a model in practicing the Global Governance Initiative. These propositions not only respond to the questions of the times, but also clarify the development goals of the SCO, providing guidance for countries to unite and work together to build a community of common destiny for the SCO. Cooperation among all parties in global governance, uniting the vast number of developing countries to strengthen coordination and speak with a common voice in international affairs, will help promote the reform and improvement of global governance, and develop in a more just and reasonable direction of joint consultation, joint construction, and shared benefits.
Currently, tariff disturbances and ongoing geopolitical conflicts have brought great uncertainty to global development. China always takes promoting the building of a community of common destiny for the SCO as its own responsibility, actively practices the "Shanghai Spirit," and carries out effective cooperation with other member states in various fields, jointly committing to the high-quality development of the SCO and regional peace, security, and stability, injecting strong impetus into promoting South-South cooperation and establishing a more just and reasonable international order.
Member states strengthen security cooperation, jointly combat the "three evil forces," transnational organized crime, and drug trafficking, and jointly create a good environment. China adheres to a common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security concept, promotes the construction of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Comprehensive Center for Responding to Security Threats and Challenges, the Center for Combating Transnational Organized Crime, the Information Security Center, and the Anti-Drug Center, making contributions to maintaining regional and even global security and stability.
The "SCO family" jointly safeguards an open world economic system, opposes all forms of protectionism, and is committed to promoting South-South cooperation through inclusive development. Actively promoting industrial investment cooperation and financial system construction, deepening cooperation in digital economy, green industry, infrastructure and other fields, promoting the establishment of the SCO Development Bank, strengthening communication and coordination of macroeconomic policies and industrial policies, giving full play to the aggregation effect of cooperation mechanisms such as the "Belt and Road" Initiative, and providing a model for South-South cooperation. Under China's active advocacy and promotion, the interconnection of infrastructure such as regional railways, oil and gas pipelines, and power grid connections has achieved remarkable results, the process of financial cooperation such as expanding financing channels and expanding local currency settlement has accelerated, and the degree of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation has been improved. In the first seven months of this year, China's imports and exports to other SCO member states reached 2.11 trillion yuan, a record high for the same period in history. China has become the largest trading partner of most SCO member states such as Russia (俄罗斯), Iran (伊朗), and Kazakhstan (哈萨克斯坦).
People-to-people cooperation consolidates the foundation of public opinion. China actively promotes exchange and cooperation mechanisms such as the SCO Civil Friendship Forum and Friendly City Forum, and the SCO Committee on Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation, and holds member states' art festivals, media think tank summits, employee skills competitions, foreign aid training and other activities, and constantly consolidates the value consensus of building a community of common destiny for the SCO. All parties strengthen people-to-people exchanges, enhance mutual understanding, realize the institutionalization and normalization of think tank cooperation, facilitate mutual visits of scholars, focus on South-South cooperation, SCO cooperation, and the development issues of their own countries, and contribute wisdom to new international development cooperation.
In the face of complex international situations, further exploring the common interests among all parties of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), and deepening cooperative partnerships, will contribute solutions to addressing global challenges and bring a demonstration effect to South-South cooperation.
(The authors are both professors at the Academy of China Open Economy Studies of the University of International Business and Economics (对外经济贸易大学国家对外开放研究院).)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 白光迪
"In Nanjing (南京), I saw the integrated development of cultural heritage protection and modern urban construction. These successful experiences have convinced me that the two can not only coexist but also complement each other." Željko Vučević (扎尔科·米钦), the Mayor of Novi Sad (诺维萨德) in Serbia (塞尔维亚), said in an exclusive interview with this reporter a few days ago that China's (中国) formulation of medium- and long-term plans to guide economic and social development, its adherence to green transformation and open cooperation, provide valuable inspiration for the sustainable development of cities around the world.
Novi Sad (诺维萨德), located on the Danube River (多瑙河), is the second largest city in Serbia (塞尔维亚). It has a long history and an important location, serving as an important transportation hub connecting Central Europe (中欧) and Southeast Europe (东南欧). Vučević (米钦) recently came to China (中国) to participate in the "2025 World Mayor Dialogue·Nanjing (2025世界市长对话·南京)" event, and had in-depth exchanges with people from all walks of life on topics such as urban governance, ecological protection, and local cooperation.
In the Laomendong (老门东) historical and cultural district of Nanjing (南京), traditional residences, bookstores, and cafes are naturally connected, and residents live comfortably. "It has not been 'museumized' here, but has maintained the warmth of real life," said Vučević (米钦). "The protection method of Laomendong (老门东) is very inspiring for Novi Sad (诺维萨德) to promote the transformation of the Almaš (阿尔马什) district, allowing the historical and cultural district to retain its original style while having modern facilities, so that urban memory and contemporary needs are integrated."
At the Yangtze River Finless Porpoise (长江江豚) observation point, several finless porpoises jumped out of the water, not far from the bustling urban area. "It is rare in the world for a city with a population of nearly 10 million to allow endangered species to survive and reproduce here," said Vučević (米钦). Novi Sad (诺维萨德) was certified as an "International Wetland City" in 2025. More than 200 species of birds inhabit the local wetlands, and "more advanced experience is still needed" in sewage treatment and ecological restoration. China's (中国) systematic governance experience in key river basins such as the Yangtze River (长江) and Taihu Lake (太湖) is of reference significance for the urban development of Novi Sad (诺维萨德).
In recent years, China-Serbia (中塞) relations have continued to develop, and practical local cooperation has continued to deepen. Vučević (米钦) said that Novi Sad (诺维萨德) is one of the most active cities in Serbia (塞尔维亚) for Chinese (中国) investment. Projects such as the Cross-Danube Bridge (跨多瑙河大桥), highways, and the Serbian (塞尔维亚) section of the Hungary-Serbia Railway (匈塞铁路塞尔维亚段) have been implemented, significantly improving the local transportation pattern. "These projects not only enhance the city's competitiveness, but also allow local citizens to truly feel the changes brought about by the cooperation between Serbia (塞中) and China (中国)."
With the high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" ("一带一路") and the promotion of the China-Serbia Free Trade Agreement (中塞自由贸易协定), both sides have more opportunities for cooperation in areas such as industrial investment, technology exchange, and urban development. Vučević (米钦) revealed that a Chinese (中国) company from Shanghai (上海) will soon build a factory in Novi Sad (诺维萨德) to create a highly automated production line, "which will not only create jobs, but also give Serbian (塞尔维亚) youth the opportunity to access cutting-edge artificial intelligence and automation technologies." He believes that this is a "two-way rush of innovative power and development opportunities" ("创新力量与发展机遇的双向奔赴"), "China's (中国) technological innovation capabilities are bringing new development momentum to partners including Serbia (塞尔维亚)."
Looking to the future, Vučević (米钦) said that Serbia (塞中) and China (中国) are at a critical period of their respective development, with broad cooperation space and great potential. "The friendship between Serbia (塞中) and China (中国) is profound, and the tree of cooperation will surely be lush and leafy. I wish our two countries friendship will last forever, and work together to create a better tomorrow."
(Reporters Bao Han (包晗) from this newspaper and Wang Chun (王纯) from People's Daily Online (人民网) participated in the writing)
Return to TopAccording to a report from our newspaper in Beijing on November 28th (Reporter Li Xinyi (李欣怡)), the spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced on November 28th: At the invitation of Russian Federation Security Council Secretary Sergei Shoigu (绍伊古), Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee Wang Yi (王毅) will visit Russia from December 1st to 2nd to hold the 20th round of Sino-Russian strategic security consultations.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 28th. On November 28th, Wang Yi (王毅), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, met with British Prime Minister's National Security Advisor Tim Barrow in Beijing (北京).
Wang Yi (王毅) said that he hopes the UK will view China-UK relations from a long-term perspective, treat China's development rationally and amicably, pursue a positive and pragmatic China policy, meet China halfway, directly address problems, and grasp the main theme of cooperation.
Wang Yi (王毅) elaborated on China's principled position on issues involving Japan, and expressed the hope that the UK will continue to adhere to the one-China principle and jointly safeguard the achievements of the victory in World War II with China.
Barrow emphasized that the UK Labour government is willing to develop a coherent, lasting, and strategic relationship with China.
Return to TopThe 2025 World Intelligent Manufacturing Conference, themed "Digital Intelligence Driven, New Quality Leading," was held at the Nanjing International Expo Center (南京国际博览中心) from November 27th to 29th. The conference featured robot pavilions, smart factory pavilions, and more, attracting 456 companies from 21 countries and regions, including Germany (德国), the United States (美国), and Denmark (丹麦), showcasing groundbreaking and cutting-edge technological achievements and high-end products.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 28th. Peng Qinghua (彭清华), Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, met in Beijing on the 28th with Akhmadzoda, First Deputy Chairman of the Upper House of the Parliament of Tajikistan, who came to China to attend the first meeting of the China-Tajikistan Legislative Bodies (Upper House) Cooperation Committee. The two sides exchanged in-depth views on bilateral relations, exchanges between legislative bodies, and regional and international issues of common concern.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Tunis, November 28th. Mu Hong (穆虹), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (全国政协) and Head of the China-Africa Friendship Group, led a delegation to visit Tunisia from November 26th to 28th at the invitation of the Tunisian government. During the visit, Mu Hong (穆虹) met with Government Representative and Foreign Minister Nabil Ammar (纳夫提), Chairman of the National Council of Regions and Districts Ahmed Daldoul (达尔巴利), and inspected China-Tunisia cooperation projects.
Mu Hong (穆虹) stated that in May of last year, President Xi Jinping (习近平) and President Kais Saied (赛义德) announced the elevation of bilateral relations to a strategic partnership, opening a new chapter in the development of China-Tunisia relations. China is willing to work with Tunisia to implement the important consensus reached by the two heads of state and the outcomes of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, and to deepen pragmatic cooperation.
Nabil Ammar (纳夫提) stated that Tunisia firmly adheres to the One China principle. He congratulated the successful convening of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, expressed support for the series of initiatives proposed by President Xi Jinping (习近平), and expressed willingness to strengthen the alignment of Tunisia's "2026-2030" plan with the Belt and Road Initiative, and to expand and deepen cooperation in various fields.
Ahmed Daldoul (达尔巴利) stated that he looks forward to more Chinese enterprises investing and developing in Tunisia, and that the National Council of Regions and Districts of Tunisia is willing to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (中国全国政协) to promote the high-level development of bilateral relations.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 28th. Yang Zhen (杨震), Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (全国政协), attended a reception held by the Embassy of Timor-Leste in China on the 28th to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Timor-Leste's declaration of independence. He also met with Mariano Sabino Lopes (黎发芳), Deputy Prime Minister of Timor-Leste, who made a special trip to China to attend the reception, and exchanged views on promoting the development of bilateral relations. Mariano Sabino Lopes (黎发芳) reiterated Timor-Leste's unwavering commitment to the one-China principle.
Return to TopThe Jakarta report on November 28th (Reporters Cao Shiyun (曹师韵) and Li Peisong (李培松)) The China-Indonesia Think Tank Forum (2025): The International Academic Seminar "Celebrating the 75th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between China and Indonesia" was held in Jakarta (雅加达), Indonesia (印度尼西亚) on the 26th. Gao Xiang (高翔), President of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中国社会科学院), and Amarulla Octavian, Deputy Head of the Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency (印尼国家研究与创新局), attended the meeting and delivered speeches.
At the seminar, experts and scholars from China and Indonesia (印尼) conducted discussions on topics such as jointly promoting bilateral pragmatic cooperation and looking forward to the regional and global demonstration significance of bilateral cooperation, in order to promote high-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road" by the two countries, deepen the China-Indonesia (中印尼) comprehensive strategic partnership, and build a China-Indonesia (中印尼) community with a shared future.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 胡婧怡
At the break of dawn, the Liaoyu Group Wharf (辽渔集团码头) in Dalian (大连市), Liaoning Province (辽宁省), is already a hive of activity. Debriega Putra, from Indonesia and engaged in tuna fishing and processing, observed the processes of unloading fishing boats and sorting catches. He was deeply impressed by the operational model of processing catches directly on the ship after they are caught and efficiently transferring them to the warehouse upon arrival: "I hope to introduce efficient equipment and production models to Indonesia through cooperation with Chinese enterprises."
The "New Quality Craftsman" vocational skills training class, sponsored by the International Cooperation Center of the National Development and Reform Commission of China (中国国家发展和改革委员会国际合作中心) and undertaken by Dalian Ocean University (大连海洋大学), recently opened in Dalian (大连). At the sea cucumber and sturgeon farms of Dalian Xinyulong Marine Biological Seed Industry Technology Co., Ltd. (大连鑫玉龙海洋生物种业科技股份有限公司), underwater robots jointly developed by Dalian Ocean University (大连海洋大学) and the company are monitoring the underwater environment and the status of farmed animals in real time. Albert Purnajaya Kuhon, a lecturer at Surya University (苏里亚大学) in Indonesia, said: "This model of close cooperation between universities and enterprises is very worthy of learning from."
Through ecological relocation, Xinyulong's (鑫玉龙) production base, Pingdao (平岛), has been transformed from a dilapidated fishing village into a 4A-level tourist attraction with lush vegetation and complete infrastructure. Muhammad Romi Fazi, CEO of Abata Group (阿巴塔集团) in Indonesia, said: "Through government leadership and corporate investment, fishermen have moved into more comfortable buildings. By investing in sea area resources, they can not only enjoy dividends but also earn money by working in enterprises. This has opened up ideas for my industrial town project to be developed in Indonesia."
At Panjin Guanghe Crab Industry Co., Ltd. (盘锦光合蟹业有限公司), the trainees visited the ecological planting and breeding model of rice-field crab farming, which achieves "one land for two uses, one water for two cultivations, and a double harvest in one season." Utami Hatati, Assistant to the Chairman of an Indonesian fishing company, said: "Chinese companies attach great importance to scientific research investment. In-depth visits to enterprises provide more possibilities for cooperation between Indonesia and China." "Through this training, I have learned about many new technologies and models for fisheries development. After returning to Indonesia, I will share what I have seen and heard with my students," said Wendi Damayanti, a researcher at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science of Padjadjaran University (巴查查兰大学) in Indonesia.
It is reported that since 2023, China has been conducting vocational skills training programs for Indonesia for three consecutive years, covering fields such as artificial intelligence, electric vehicles, precision agriculture, and biotechnology, with a cumulative training of more than 400 Indonesian vocational teachers and technicians. Andi Yulianti Ramli, Acting Deputy Minister for Strategic Infrastructure at the Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment (印尼基础设施与区域发展统筹部) in Indonesia, said that this training not only demonstrates the firm commitment of both parties to common development but also reflects the close cooperative relationship between the two countries.
Return to TopThis newspaper Riyadh November 28th (Reporter Ren Haoyu (任皓宇)) The 2025 Boao Forum for Asia Riyadh Conference opened on the 27th in Riyadh (利雅得), the capital of Saudi Arabia (沙特阿拉伯). This conference was co-hosted by the Boao Forum for Asia (博鳌亚洲论坛) and Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (沙特基础工业公司), with more than 300 guests from political, business, and academic circles from more than 10 countries and regions, as well as many international organizations, attending.
Secretary-General Zhang Jun (张军) of the Boao Forum for Asia pointed out that, according to research by the Boao Forum for Asia, while maintaining its position as the core engine of global growth, Asia has also become a pioneer in economic transformation. China (中国) and other countries have played a leading role in making the Asian economy more resilient.
Return to TopThis newspaper Seoul November 28th (Reporter Mang Jiuchen (莽九晨)) The 4th China International Supply Chain Expo (CISCE) Korean Promotion Conference was held in Seoul (首尔), South Korea on the 27th.
The China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) Representative Office in South Korea gave a special presentation on the 4th CISCE. Yang Geum-hee (梁琴喜), Vice Governor of Gyeongsangbuk-do (庆尚北道), Hong Chang-pyo (洪彰杓), President of the Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency (大韩贸易投资振兴公社) Research Institute, and more than 600 representatives from South Korea and other Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies, business associations, and enterprises attended the conference.
Return to TopThe newspaper Hangzhou, November 28th (Reporter Liu Junguo (刘军国)) On November 27th, the 4th "Innovation and Entrepreneurship" Competition National Finals of the Western Returned Scholars Association (欧美同学会) was held in Hangzhou (杭州), Zhejiang Province (浙江省). The competition not only provided a platform for overseas students to showcase projects and exchange cooperation, but also broadened channels for local areas to attract talents and recruit projects, achieving fruitful results.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 江 萌
Optimize the supply of basic elderly care services.
--Excerpt from the "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal
"Grandpa Li, lunch is here!" In the Dongtai Community (东台社区) of Nanchuan West Road Subdistrict (南川西路街道), Chengzhong District (城中区), Xining City (西宁市), Qinghai Province (青海省), full-time grid member Xiong Xinping (熊馨萍) handed a hot lunch to 91-year-old Li Xianrong (李贤荣). This meal, delivered to his doorstep, comes from the Dongtai Community Happiness Canteen (东台社区幸福食堂) meal assistance point, and includes two meat dishes, two vegetable dishes, a soup, and a staple food.
"The portions are generous, enough for both of us old folks," said Li Xianrong (李贤荣). "The meal assistance point is in the courtyard, close by, and they even deliver it to our door."
The majority of residents in the No. 107 Courtyard of Nanchuan West Road (南川西路107号院), where Li Xianrong (李贤荣) and his wife live, are elderly, with more than 40 households of elderly people living alone. "Previously, the community had an elderly meal assistance point, but it was quite far from the courtyard. Many elderly people have difficulty walking, and had to rest two or three times on the way to eat," said Tian Jun (田军), Secretary of the Dongtai Community (东台社区) Party Committee.
To solve this pressing issue for the people, the Dongtai Community (东台社区) Party Committee decided to add a meal assistance point in the No. 107 Courtyard. After having this idea, the first thing to solve was the location problem: where to find a suitable venue?
Feng Lei (冯磊), Deputy Director of the Dongtai Community (东台社区) Neighborhood Committee, introduced that the Qinghai Provincial Geological Survey Institute (青海省地质调查院) in the jurisdiction heard about the situation and expressed that supporting elderly care was a due social responsibility, and took the initiative to vacate an idle house in the No. 107 Courtyard of the institute, and bear the water, electricity, and heating costs of the meal assistance point.
At the same time, the Dongtai Community (东台社区) also took the initiative to connect with the Nanchuan West Road Subdistrict Office (南川西路街道办事处) and the Chengzhong District Civil Affairs Bureau (城中区民政局). "The newly added meal assistance point was included in the Xining City (西宁市) elderly meal assistance service system. The District Civil Affairs Bureau provided supporting facilities, the central kitchen of the Chengzhong District Loving Elderly Happiness Canteen (城中区爱老幸福食堂) uniformly produced and distributed daily meals, and the daily operation of the meal assistance point was the responsibility of the community," said Tian Jun (田军).
In September of this year, the newly added Dongtai Community Happiness Canteen (东tai社区幸福食堂) meal assistance point opened and began operating. The rich variety of dishes, affordable pricing, and standardized management made the elderly feel comfortable and at ease.
"The meal assistance point provides lunch on weekdays. In addition to a set meal of two meat dishes, two vegetable dishes, a soup, and a staple food, there are also special meals such as mutton noodles and Qinghai (青海) rubbed fish noodles. Elderly people over 80 years old and elderly people enjoying minimum living security benefits can also get a discount," Tian Jun (田军) introduced.
"We will collect everyone's opinions and feedback them, and try our best to meet the needs of the elderly for taste and health," said Pan Chengying (潘成英), a staff member at the meal assistance point. "A few days ago, an elderly person suggested that the garlic sprouts were too hard, so we contacted the central kitchen and made adjustments."
For elderly people with mobility difficulties, a simple phone call will have a community full-time grid member deliver the meal to their home. "On the one hand, it can allow the elderly to eat a hot meal as soon as possible, and on the other hand, it can also see if the elderly are safe," said Wu Xiaolan (吴小兰), a full-time grid member of the Dongtai Community (东tai社区).
The care delivered to their doorsteps makes the elderly feel deeply gratified. One elderly person living alone said, "When the delivery person comes, I feel like someone is thinking of me, and I feel very at ease."
As of now, the meal assistance point has served more than 1,000 elderly people. Next, the meal assistance point will also promote the "Happiness Canteen +" model, introduce services such as caring haircuts and free health clinics, and carry out cultural activities during traditional festivals. "We will continue to explore and innovate, so that more elderly people can enjoy convenient and high-quality elderly care services at their doorsteps," said Tian Jun (田军).
Return to TopBy: 余 璇
Senior citizens no longer need to travel far for meals; they can enjoy affordable and safe meals right at their doorstep or even without leaving their homes. The measure taken by Dongtai Community (东台社区) of Nanchuan West Road Subdistrict (南川西路街道), Chengzhong District (城中区), Xining City (西宁市), Qinghai (青海) to add a "Happiness Canteen" meal assistance point transforms care for the elderly into practical action. With every bit of effort and solid work, they have earned the affirmation and happiness of the elderly.
The small meal assistance point demonstrates the dedication and commitment to serving the people. Taking the initiative, coordinating various parties, and integrating resources, the idea of adding a meal assistance point was quickly realized. On this basis, grid members were mobilized to provide meal delivery services, menus were adjusted in response to the needs of the elderly, and the convenient service functions of the meal assistance point were expanded. This reflects a good style of thinking one step further and doing one more step.
There is still much that can be done to care for the elderly. When all sectors of society continue to extend the caring reach of elderly care services, we can more actively and proactively respond to the aging population and help the elderly enjoy better social security and a higher quality of life. 扎扎实实 (zhā zhā shí shí - "down-to-earth," describes work that is solid and practical).
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 28th. The English, French, Spanish, Japanese, Russian, German, Arabic, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Lao versions of the "Communique of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China," the "Proposals of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," and the "Explanation on the 'Proposals of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development'" have been published by the Central Compilation & Translation Press and Foreign Languages Press, and will be released to the public at home and abroad from today.
At the same time, the Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Kazakh, Korean, Yi, and Zhuang versions have been published by the Nationalities Publishing House and will be released to the public nationwide from today.
Return to TopPeople's Daily, Beijing, November 28th (Qiu Yue (邱越), Wang Aibing (王艾冰)) On the afternoon of the 28th, the "2025 Salute to Doctors Grand Ceremony," jointly organized by the Global Times (环球时报), Health Times (健康时报), and Life Times (生命时报), was held at the People's Daily (人民日报社). The Salute to Doctors selection aims to implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instruction on "creating a good atmosphere in the whole society of respecting doctors and valuing health," to tell the touching stories of Chinese doctors' benevolence and skills, to promote the noble professional spirit of "respecting life, rescuing the dying, healing the wounded, being willing to contribute, and having boundless love," and to create a good atmosphere in the whole society of understanding doctors, trusting doctors, and respecting doctors. Wang Chen (王晨), Vice Chairman of the 12th and 13th National People's Congress Standing Committee, and Chen Jianwen (陈建文), Editor-in-Chief of the People's Daily (人民日报社), attended the event and delivered speeches.
The Salute to Doctors selection project has two lists, "National Renowned Doctors" and "Glorious Doctors," to select and commend exemplary doctors nationwide who have excellent medical skills, noble medical ethics, and outstanding medical style. 109 "Glorious Doctors" and teams were selected for the "Glorious Doctors" list, winning 9 awards including the "Golden Lancet Award," "Chinese Medicine Contribution Award," and "Gold Medal Team Award." Zhao Xiangwen (赵祥文), former president of Hunan Children's Hospital (湖南省儿童医院), Leng Yongcheng (冷永成), professor and chief physician of the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery at Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University (东南大学附属中大医院), Wang Yanxia (王燕霞), chief physician of pediatric surgery at Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院), Bao Yun (鲍云), former president of Beijing You'an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院), Tian Dexiang (田得祥), professor and chief physician of sports medicine at Peking University Third Hospital (北京大学第三医院), Shu Liang (舒良), chief physician at Peking University Sixth Hospital (北京大学第六医院), and Li Qiangou (李乾构), chief physician at Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University (首都医科大学附属北京中医医院), received the "Respect for Life" award.
189 doctors were selected for the "National Renowned Doctors" series list, winning awards such as "Outstanding Achievement," "Excellent Demeanor," and "Young Emerging Talent." Wang Man'en (王满恩), professor and chief physician at Peking University School of Stomatology (北京大学口腔医学院), Wang Naiqian (王迺谦), director of the Institute of Stomatology at Harbin Medical University (哈尔滨医科大学口腔医学研究所), Zhou Dingbiao (周定标), chief physician of the Department of Neurosurgery at the PLA General Hospital (解放军总医院), and Yang Wenying (杨文英), former director of the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at China-Japan Friendship Hospital (中日友好医院), received the "Special Tribute" award.
Return to TopThis newspaper reported from Beijing on November 28th (Reporter Li Changyu (李昌禹)) The China Society for Human Rights Studies (中国人权研究会) convened a meeting in Beijing on the 28th to study and implement the spirit of the 20th Fourth Plenary Session of the Communist Party of China and the Fifth Meeting of the Fifth Council of the China Society for Human Rights Studies (中国人权研究会第五届理事会第五次会议). More than 170 people attended the meeting, including directors and member representatives of the China Society for Human Rights Studies (中国人权研究会), experts and scholars in the field of human rights research.
Attendees stated that the 20th Fourth Plenary Session of the Communist Party of China was an important meeting held during the crucial period of the "14th Five-Year Plan's" decisive conclusion and the "15th Five-Year Plan's" layout and planning. The "Suggestions" of the Plenary Session, focusing on the goal of "basically realizing socialist modernization," made arrangements in various fields such as economy, science and technology, culture, society, ecology, and the rule of law, and proposed "promoting the comprehensive development of the human rights cause," which pointed out the direction for better promoting various tasks in the field of human rights.
Attendees believed that the "Suggestions" of the Plenary Session adhered to the principle of putting the people first, respecting the people's principal position, and proposed "closely combining investment in things and investment in people," emphasizing guaranteeing and improving people's livelihoods in development, expanding development space in meeting people's livelihood needs, strengthening the legal guarantee of human rights, promoting social fairness and justice, so that the fruits of modernization construction can benefit all people more and more fairly, and promoting the guarantee of human rights to a higher level and a wider range.
Attendees stated that studying, publicizing, and implementing the spirit of the 20th Fourth Plenary Session of the Communist Party of China is a major political task for the field of human rights publicity and the China Society for Human Rights Studies (中国人权研究会) for the current and future period. Human rights researchers must continuously deepen the theoretical research on human rights, accelerate the construction of an original human rights knowledge system that matches the development of the human rights cause in the new era; continue to promote the implementation of the National Human Rights Action Plan, and promote the formation of more tangible and accessible institutional achievements and practical results in the fields of education, employment, social security, medical care and elderly care, housing, and environmental protection; actively participate in multilateral human rights affairs, enhance the topic leadership and discourse shaping power on multilateral human rights platforms such as the United Nations, and tell the Chinese story of human rights well.
Return to TopThis newspaper's Beijing (北京) dispatch on November 28th (Reporter He Siqi (何思琦)) The special program "Good People of China" premiered on the CCTV comprehensive channel of the Central Radio and Television Station on the evening of the 27th. The program focused on the ordinary yet moving stories of 12 individuals (or groups) of good people around us.
On the new journey of comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, there are many good people around us. They water their dreams with sweat and forge ahead with solid work. They embody the spiritual bloodline and moral genes of the more than 5,000-year-old Chinese civilization and are faithful inheritors and vivid practitioners of traditional Chinese virtues. At the program site, Liu Minghua (刘明华), a propagandist who is rooted in the front line to spread the Party's good voice; Xia Hui (夏辉) and Xu Xian (许仙), a couple who encountered the collapse of a highway bridge and stopped the car to save people in a moment of life and death; Zhang Jiuliang (张久良), who took care of his sick wife for more than 20 years and wrote more than 100,000 words of "nursing diary"; Li Huancai (李焕彩), Li Changguo (李长果), and Li Nan (李楠), three generations of grandparents who promised to protect the green mountains for more than 60 years; Qi Hui (戚辉), who traveled more than 70,000 kilometers and left precious images for more than 200 veterans of the War of Resistance Against Japan; Li Lin (李琳), a rural doctor who has been rooted in remote mountainous areas for 38 years to protect the health of herdsmen, and others, emotionally told stories of helping others, acting bravely for justice, being honest and trustworthy, being dedicated to their work, and respecting and loving their elders. These good people around us use their actions to interpret the profound meaning of "greatness comes from the ordinary, and heroes come from the people."
Since 2008, the Central Spiritual Civilization Construction Office (中央精神文明建设办公室) has organized online activities of "I recommend and I comment on the good people around me." At present, more than 17,000 people have been honored on the "List of Good People in China" (中国好人榜). With simple faces and moving stories, they, together with thousands of good people around them, have composed vivid songs that promote and practice the core socialist values.
Return to TopLuzhou, November 28th (People's Daily reporter Ye Qi (叶琦)) The 20th National Press Tennis Tournament was held in Luzhou (泸州), Sichuan Province (四川省) on the 27th. More than 200 athletes from 94 media organizations across the country participated in the competition.
The tournament features five events, including men's singles and women's doubles. It is co-sponsored by the Domestic Department of the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会国内部), the People's Government of Luzhou (泸州市人民政府), and the National Press Tennis Association (全国新闻界网球联谊会). The Luzhou Education and Sports Bureau (泸州市教育和体育局) is the organizer, and the Luzhou Tennis Association (泸州市网球协会) is the co-organizer. The guiding units are the All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会) and the Chinese Tennis Association (中国网球协会).
The National Press Tennis Tournament was founded in 1996 and is one of the sports events with the most sessions and the longest history hosted by the national media. Since its establishment, it has attracted more than 5,000 participants.
Return to TopThe newspaper reported from Guiyang on November 28th (Reporter Huang Xian (黄娴), Chen Junyi (陈隽逸)) On the 28th, the Panzhou (盘州) to Xingyi (兴义) high-speed railway in Guizhou (贵州) was completed and opened to traffic, marking the full coverage of high-speed rail in the central cities of all cities and prefectures in Guizhou Province (贵州省). The Panxing (盘兴) high-speed railway is approximately 99 kilometers long and has a designed speed of 250 kilometers per hour.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 王 尧 陈 然
On November 28th, the fire extinguishing and rescue work for the Tai Po (大埔) fire in Hong Kong was completed. A total of 391 fire trucks, 185 ambulances, and 2,311 firefighters and paramedics were dispatched, mobilizing more than 1,000 police officers. As of now, the fire has caused 128 deaths.
Deng Bingqiang (鄧炳強), Secretary for Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (特区政府), introduced on the 28th that the police will conduct a comprehensive investigation and evidence collection of the fire, which will take 3 to 4 weeks.
Rescue and Resettlement Proceeding in an Orderly Manner
In the rescue efforts for the Tai Po (大埔) fire in Hong Kong, the fire brigade fought bravely, rotating day and night, dragging heavy equipment, repeatedly demolishing and searching in high temperatures and smoky environments, rescuing many trapped people from the flames.
At the same time, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (香港特区) government launched a "whole-government mobilization" mechanism, dispatching additional manpower across departments. Medical staff at medical stations provided basic medical care, psychological support, and medication supplies around the clock at various shelters.
The Special Administrative Region (特区) government urgently allocated approximately 1,800 housing units for the transitional resettlement of affected residents, while also providing each affected household with an emergency subsidy of HKD 10,000 and investing HKD 300 million as the start-up capital for the "Tai Po (大埔) Wang Fuk Court (宏福苑) Assistance Fund."
On November 28th, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (香港特区) government announced that it would hold a memorial service for the victims of the fire. From November 29th to December 1st, the national flag and regional flag of all government buildings and facilities in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (香港特区) will be flown at half-mast to express condolences. All entertainment and celebration activities organized and funded by the Special Administrative Region (特区) government will be cancelled or postponed depending on the situation. During the mourning period, the Home Affairs Department of the Special Administrative Region (特区政府民政事务总署) will set up condolence points in all 18 districts of Hong Kong for citizens to express their deep condolences to the victims.
All Sectors of Hong Kong Contribute Funds and Efforts
Many Hong Kong citizens spontaneously helped the affected people. On the platform of Kwong Fuk Shopping Centre (广福商场) next to Wang Fuk Court (宏福苑), supplies such as water, clothing, food, paper towels, and power banks were piled up like small mountains. Citizens from different areas kept arriving with large and small packages, asking where they could donate supplies.
With a cry of "Need a human chain," nearly a hundred citizens lined up in a row, relaying supplies to the collection point; some held signs saying "Adult Clothes" and "Children's Clothes" for the affected residents to choose from; volunteers set up tents to classify and display the supplies; the MTR (港铁) dispatched staff to help maintain order...
In a small tea restaurant near Wang Fuk Court (宏福苑), the owner cooked porridge and fried noodles all night, delivering dozens of hot meal boxes to the shelter before dawn; some small logistics companies actively provided vehicles to help transport supplies.
Online, residents of Tai Po (大埔) initiated the establishment of a materials coordination group, and the number of members surged from a dozen to 7,000 overnight, and more than 13,000 the next day. Citizens from Tuen Mun (屯门), Wan Chai (湾仔), Tseung Kwan O (将军澳), and Tsing Yi (青衣) were ready to rush to Tai Po (大埔) at any time. "Where can I help?" became a common phrase in many posts.
Enterprises, community organizations, and charities actively responded. Within just one day of its establishment, the Special Administrative Region (特区) government's assistance fund had received donations exceeding HKD 1 billion: The Hong Kong Jockey Club (香港赛马会) donated HKD 100 million, The Community Chest of Hong Kong (香港公益金) allocated HKD 50 million, the Lee Shau Kee Foundation (李兆基基金) donated HKD 30 million, and the Hong Kong Federation of Fujian Associations (香港福建社团联会) donated HKD 10 million...
Chinese-funded enterprises in Hong Kong actively donated funds and allocated supplies. Bank of China Hong Kong (中银香港) donated HKD 20 million and implemented a number of emergency banking services to support Tai Po (大埔) residents; China Overseas/China Construction (中国海外/中国建筑公司) and its employees donated more than HKD 22 million, and also organized volunteers to go to the temporary resettlement sites of the affected residents to carry out cleaning, water and electricity inspections, and other work.
Mainland China and Macao Provide Continuous Support
On the 28th, the Macao Special Administrative Region (澳门特区) government, through the Macao Foundation (澳门基金会), donated HKD 30 million to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (香港特区) to support the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (香港特区) for fire rescue and subsequent reconstruction work.
Under the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area emergency rescue mechanism, according to the needs put forward by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (香港特区) government, Guangdong Province quickly mobilized relevant rescue equipment, medical supplies and consumables, and delivered them to Hong Kong on the evening of the 27th and the morning of the 28th, respectively.
Blood is thicker than water, and we help each other. All departments in the Mainland quickly provided support. The reporter learned from the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (全国总工会) on the 28th that the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (全国总工会) and its affiliated China Staff Exchange Center (中国职工交流中心) and China Staff Development Foundation (中国职工发展基金会) urgently raised 8 million yuan in special donations to fully support Hong Kong. This donation will be mainly used for the temporary shelter and resettlement of affected compatriots, the supply of basic living materials, and post-disaster reconstruction.
The Central Committee of the Communist Youth League (共青团中央) guided its affiliated China Youth Development Foundation (中国青少年发展基金会), China Guanghua Science and Technology Foundation (中国光华科技基金会), and China Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Foundation (中国青年创业就业基金会) to launch the "Hong Kong Tai Po (香港大埔) Fire Rescue Special Action," coordinating donations from caring enterprises equivalent to more than 15 million yuan to provide support for fire rescue.
The Party Group of the All-China Women's Federation (全国妇联党组) guided its affiliated China Women's Development Foundation (中国妇女发展基金会) and China Children and Teenagers' Fund (中国儿童少年基金会) to take swift action, and worked with the Hong Kong Federation of Women Representatives (港区妇联代表联谊会) to gain an in-depth understanding of the needs of the affected compatriots, and jointly donated 5 million yuan with caring enterprises for emergency rescue, transitional resettlement, and post-disaster recovery assistance.
Return to TopGuangzhou, November 28th (People's Daily reporter Ji Fang (季芳) and He Linping (贺林平)) On the evening of the 28th, the office of the Organizing Committee of the 12th National Games for the Disabled and the 9th Special Olympics Games issued an announcement stating that, after comprehensively considering various factors, the torch relay and opening ceremony of the 12th National Games for the Disabled and the 9th Special Olympics Games, which were jointly hosted by Guangdong (广东), Hong Kong (香港), and Macau (澳门), have been canceled. A simplified closing ceremony will be held after the event concludes.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者
"Felt-free customs clearance" makes entering and exiting Hainan Island more convenient; digital intelligence empowers more efficient trade; pioneering trials ensure policies are implemented meticulously... Hainan is striving to build a new high ground for high-level opening to the outside world. On December 18 this year, the Hainan Free Trade Port (海南自由贸易港) will officially launch full island closure.
In December 2024, when General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) listened to the work reports of the Hainan Provincial Party Committee (海南省委) and the Provincial Government (省政府), he emphasized: "Strive to build the Hainan Free Trade Port into an important gateway leading China's new era of opening to the outside world, and strive to write a Hainan chapter of Chinese-style modernization." In November 2025, when General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) listened to the work report on the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port, he emphasized: "Emancipate the mind, reform and innovate, and build a policy and institutional system adapted to a high-level free trade port in stages and steps."
Deeply implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions, Hainan is steadily expanding institutional opening-up, actively promoting the flow-based opening-up of goods and factors, better promoting the cross-border flow of production factors, and continuously improving the level of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation.
"Customs clearance procedures were completed quickly, and customs clearance was very smooth," said Karen, a British tourist who recently came to Sanya (三亚) for vacation. Since February 9 last year, China has expanded the reasons for visa-free entry to Hainan for personnel from 59 countries, adding business, visits, family visits, medical treatment, exhibitions, and sports competitions in addition to tourism; superimposed with unilateral visa-free and comprehensive mutual visa exemption policies, personnel from 86 countries can enter Hainan visa-free.
The dividend of the visa-free policy is accelerating its transformation into passenger flow attraction. As of mid-October, the number of foreigners entering and exiting Hainan this year has exceeded 1.06 million, and visa-free entrants account for nearly 90% of the total number of foreign tourists entering the country. At present, Sanya (三亚) has opened and operated 40 overseas routes, covering Europe, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia and other regions.
With the increase in passenger flow, the customs clearance process is also continuously optimized. A multi-level and high-efficiency entry-exit system has built a "fast bridge." The border inspection department has launched a "online application + on-site verification" model, added intelligent card filling stations, biometric information collection instruments and other equipment, focusing on the construction of "smart border inspection," allowing data to "run more" and passengers to wait less... "Felt-free customs clearance" is gradually becoming the norm.
Wearing a coconut shell bag and speaking live broadcast words, Usman, a Nigerian student studying in the studio of the Haikou (海口) Fuxing City Internet Information Industry Park (复兴城互联网信息产业园), is promoting a product with Hainan characteristics to his mobile phone. On the screen, order prompts pop up continuously.
Aiming at the field of cross-border live broadcasting, Hainan Nihao Media Technology Group Co., Ltd. (海南您好传媒科技集团有限公司) has signed contracts to cultivate more than 1,000 foreign anchors, including Usman, to promote Hainan products to Southeast Asian and European and American markets, with the highest monthly sales exceeding 3.47 million yuan. "Coconut carving products and clothing with distinctive patterns sell very well," Usman said.
Data shows that in 2024, Hainan's digital trade exports reached 16.93 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 79.7%, and cross-border e-commerce trade reached 8.51 billion yuan.
This year, the "Hainan Free Trade Port Data Export Management List (Negative List) (2024 Edition)" was reviewed and filed by the State Cyberspace Administration (国家网信办) and the National Data Bureau (国家数据局), and a number of digital service trade companies have taken advantage of the situation.
Dun & Bradstreet (邓白氏), a foreign-funded enterprise, has a globally renowned corporate information database. Seizing the opportunity, Dun & Bradstreet (邓白氏) has deployed its overseas enterprise data processing business to Hainan (海南), and relying on the opening dividend of the landing of Hainan's global data node, it has launched a supply chain evaluation network to help domestic and foreign enterprises efficiently connect the upstream and downstream of the supply chain globally. "Hainan (海南) is our entrepreneurial paradise," said Wu Guangyu (吴广宇), a relevant person in charge of Dun & Bradstreet (邓白氏).
In the eastern part of Hainan Island (琼岛), 810 kinds of overseas-listed medical devices were exhibited at the Boao Lecheng International Innovative Medicine and Equipment Exhibition (博鳌乐城国际创新药械展). The cartilage regeneration composite scaffold produced by Hainan Susheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (海南苏生生物科技有限公司) is also displayed in the exhibition cabinet.
In September, the company's independently developed Class III medical device "All-Suture Anchor" was successfully approved for listing by the National Medical Products Administration (国家药监局). In the past three years, Susheng Biology (苏生生物) has had a total of 12 Class III medical devices and 6 Class II medical devices approved for listing. "Boao Lecheng (博鳌乐城) took the lead in carrying out pilot applications of clinical real-world data, and the approval and listing time of drugs and equipment has been shortened by at least two years," said Zeng Sheng (曾胜), chairman of Susheng Biology (苏生生物).
In September 2019, the National Medical Products Administration (国家药监局) and the Hainan Provincial People's Government (海南省人民政府) jointly released the Hainan Boao Lecheng Pilot Zone (海南博鳌乐城先行区) Clinical Real-World Data Application Pilot Work Plan, and Lecheng (乐城) enjoys a continuous superposition of policies. Zhou Changqiang (周长强), Secretary of the Qionghai Municipal Party Committee (琼海市委) and Secretary of the Party Committee of the Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone Administration (博鳌乐城国际医疗旅游先行区管理局党委), said: "The national policies have truly empowered Hainan's (海南) biomedical industry."
In the more than 10 years since the State Council approved the establishment of the Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone (博鳌乐城国际医疗旅游先行区), Lecheng (乐城), which was originally a tidal flat, has "grown" more than 30 medical institutions. Among them, there are branches of public research hospitals such as Shanghai Ruijin (上海瑞金), as well as biomedical health service institutions for high-spending groups. As of now, Lecheng (乐城) has established cooperative relationships with more than 180 pharmaceutical and equipment companies, introduced more than 500 international innovative drugs and equipment, and has benefited a total of more than 180,000 patients.
(Reporters Wang Zhifeng (王志锋), Zhou Yajun (周亚军), Dong Zeyang (董泽扬), and Li Xingyu (李星雨) of this newspaper)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 杨 迅 李亚楠 董泽扬
Low-altitude tourism, which allows people to "see the scenery from a different height," continues to gain popularity in various regions.
Many stable and accessible low-altitude experience programs are gradually becoming widespread, meeting the needs of tourists for in-depth tours.
The deep integration and coordinated development of general aviation and the cultural tourism industry play an important role in stimulating the consumption potential of the cultural tourism market and promoting the high-quality development of the cultural tourism industry.
Low-altitude tourism refers to tourism activities carried out in low-altitude airspace, relying on general aircraft and low-altitude aircraft. Helicopter sightseeing tours, hot air balloon rides, paragliding flights... In recent years, low-altitude tourism, which allows people to "see the scenery from a different height," has continued to gain popularity in various regions, and more and more new ways to play have opened up new perspectives and brought new experiences to tourists.
Riding the Wind: Diverse Ways to Play
"Count to three, and we'll jump after you finish counting!" Accompanied by the roar of the propeller, Ms. Liu, a tourist from Xi'an (西安) in Shaanxi (陕西) Province, heard the instructor's reminder. At this moment, the two were in the air above Haitang Bay (海棠湾) in Sanya (三亚), Hainan (海南), preparing to skydive. "3, 2, 1..." Before Ms. Liu could finish speaking, the instructor jumped into the blue sky with her. After the feeling of weightlessness from the rapid fall, the parachute opened, and she felt herself being pulled upwards. At this time, she opened her eyes, and the blue sea, white sand, lush trees, and surrounding buildings came into view. "It's like a painting is approaching you," Ms. Liu said with emotion.
When it comes to low-altitude tourism, people easily associate it with thrilling extreme sports. In fact, many stable and accessible low-altitude experience programs are gradually becoming widespread.
When visiting Zhangjiajie (张家界) in Hunan (湖南) Province, in addition to experiencing the magnificent scenery through climbing, you can also take a high-flying view of the mountains. "Looking down at the three thousand peaks from the clouds, this feeling is so shocking!" Recently, Mr. Wang, a tourist from Shanghai (上海), said excitedly after taking a helicopter tour of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park (张家界国家森林公园). In recent years, Zhangjiajie has relied on a number of aviation companies to focus on creating helicopter sightseeing tour programs, allowing tourists to overlook the unique landscapes of Zhangjiajie Peak Forest and Tianmen Mountain (天门山) cliffs. In addition, in areas such as Hongyanling (红岩岭), there are also hot air balloon tours and other projects with relatively gentle flight speeds, which can meet the needs of tourists for in-depth tours. "We are building a 'low-altitude tourism product supermarket'," said the person in charge of the Zhangjiajie Municipal Bureau of Culture, Tourism, Radio, Television and Sports. In the field of low-altitude tourism, Zhangjiajie has formed a diversified business format with sightseeing as the main focus and training and competitions as supplements.
Connecting Land and Air: Connecting Industries
The acquisition of experience is not limited to "flying," and "getting good photos" is also very important. Fixing the short experience in the image, carefully editing it, posting it on social media, and harvesting likes has become a major motivation for many tourists to experience low-altitude tourism projects.
"I am the 'second camera position' in the air, and I can record the expressions of tourists while 'flying'," said Zhou Zhaoxin (周兆欣), an instructor at a skydiving base in Sanya. He roughly calculated that in order to "get good photos," nearly 80% of the participating tourists would choose to hire 1 to 2 more photographers to take pictures. Behind the free soaring being recorded "in all directions" is the vigorous development of aerial photography driven by low-altitude tourism.
In addition to photography and videography, how long can a low-altitude flight extend the industrial chain?
The person in charge of the Zhangjiajie Municipal Bureau of Culture, Tourism, Radio, Television and Sports calculated an account: each flight experience can fully mobilize the tourism resources on the route, and can also drive about 3,000 yuan in consumption of surrounding catering, accommodation, and so on.
In Changde (常德), not far from Zhangjiajie, the novel experience of "visiting the zoo by helicopter" has attracted many tourists. The helicopter tour of Changde Wildlife World (常德野生动物世界) in Hanshou County (汉寿县) is a local normalized low-altitude tourism project. "By taking a helicopter to observe the various postures of the animals in the air, tourists have a richer tour experience," said Zeng Qinghong (曾庆虹), the person in charge of the helicopter tour project. "In addition to visiting the zoo, the helicopter tour project now covers Liuye Lake (柳叶湖), Taiyang Mountain (太阳山), Taohuayuan (桃花源) and other routes." In addition, multi-aircraft flight performances, low-altitude drone performances, etc. are also key low-altitude tourism projects developed locally. The deep integration and coordinated development of general aviation and the cultural tourism industry play an important role in stimulating the consumption potential of the cultural tourism market and promoting the high-quality development of the cultural tourism industry.
Strengthen Management: Respond to Challenges
Low-altitude tourism is developing rapidly, but there are also problems such as a small talent reserve, relatively thin business formats, and insufficient infrastructure. To this end, many places have introduced relevant measures to actively respond to challenges and escort the development of the industry.
In 2017, the "Notice of the Civil Aviation Administration on Carrying out the Pilot Project of 'General Aviation + Tourism' in Xinjiang (新疆) Region" was issued, striving to create a unique tourism experience through the development of general aviation. Xinjiang's unique resource endowment and location advantages have also brought huge potential for the development of low-altitude tourism. Duan Yuming (段玉明), Director of the Resource Development Division of the Department of Culture and Tourism of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新疆维吾尔自治区文化和旅游厅), introduced that Xinjiang has attracted dozens of general aviation companies and enterprises to deploy low-altitude tourism businesses in scenic spots such as Nalati (那拉提) and Sayram Lake (赛里木湖). The types of products include fixed-wing, delta wing, helicopter, rotorcraft, powered parachute, hot air balloon, paraglider, etc. In response to the problem of weak low-altitude infrastructure, Xinjiang has successively built and put into use general airports such as Urho Baiquanquan Airport (乌尔禾百口泉机场). Yang Dong (杨东), Vice President of Xinjiang Aviation Industry (Low-Altitude Economy) Research Institute, introduced that according to the plan, by 2035, Xinjiang will build nearly 100 general airports above A2 level.
Airspace coordination, safety supervision, and homogeneous competition are also problems that low-altitude tourism must overcome in the process of achieving high-quality development. In response, many places and enterprises have innovatively launched corresponding management mechanisms to comprehensively enhance the industry's carrying capacity.
What if the "air experience" is too single? Differentiated exploration is the key. "Low-altitude + research and study," "low-altitude + cultural experience," "sightseeing + flight training"... Many airlines have launched a number of "private customized" routes. "After introducing special souvenirs and aerial photography services, the average consumption of tourists participating in low-altitude tourism projects has increased by about 8%. In addition, by cooperating with local hotels and scenic spots to create an integrated package of 'flight + accommodation + attractions', the number of tourists in cooperative scenic spots has increased by 5%, and the linkage effect is obvious," said the marketing person in charge of an airline.
Where does the courage to "ride the wind" come from? The safety defense line must be "hardcore." "Every time a tourist comes to consult about a tour project, the most concerned thing is safety," said Wang Jiazhi (王佳智), the person in charge of a paragliding flight camp in Sanya. The camp has taken a number of measures to ensure flight safety. The "five-point safety check" before each takeoff is unswervingly implemented - whether the helmet is fastened, whether the chest strap is secure, whether the wing is damaged, whether the rope is knotted, and whether the equipment is normal. In the daily equipment management, it is also necessary to combine the paragliding equipment type and the number of uses, and regularly send the paragliding equipment back to the Chinese Aviation Sports Association (中国航空运动协会) for performance testing by professional technicians. "Do a good job in pre-flight inspection, regular equipment maintenance, and all personnel are certified to work, tourists can rest assured, and we can rest assured," Wang Jiazhi said.
Consolidating the safety defense line of low-altitude tourism is inseparable from institutional guarantees. Walking into the command center of an airline in Zhangjiajie, the large screen clearly shows the flight altitude, speed, and real-time trajectory of each aircraft operating low-altitude tourism projects. The intelligent monitoring system here can predict risks and issue warnings, and seamlessly connect with the low-altitude safety monitoring network jointly built by Zhangjiajie City, forming a dual guarantee of "enterprise refined control + government overall supervision."
From the meticulous preparation of a flight to a smart monitoring network covering the entire area, to the systematic construction of low-altitude infrastructure, low-altitude tourism is booming. At present, many places are gradually building a reasonable layout, complete functions, and safe and efficient industrial network to help every low-altitude tourism that "changes the height to see the scenery."
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 江 南
Whether it's "Qin, Qi, Shu, Hua, Shi, Jiu, Cha" (琴棋书画诗酒茶 - the arts of the qin (a zither-like instrument), chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine, and tea) or "Chai, Mi, You, Yan, Jiang, Cu, Cha" (柴米油盐酱醋茶 - firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar, and tea), tea, after thousands of years, has long been integrated into the blood of Chinese civilization. In the long historical process, China has evolved six major categories of tea: green tea, black tea, oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea, and dark tea. Some readers ask: What are the differences between the six major categories of tea? How to taste different teas?
Green tea is one of the earliest types of tea to appear in China's history. It is a non-fermented tea, and its initial processing techniques are fixing, shaping, and drying. According to different fixing and drying methods, it can be divided into steamed green tea, pan-fired green tea, baked green tea, and sun-dried green tea. Through the crucial fixing process, the activity of polyphenol oxidase in fresh leaves is钝化 (dùn huà - "passivated"), maintaining the "clear soup and green leaves" quality characteristics of green tea.
Most tea-producing provinces in China have green tea products, among which famous teas such as West Lake Longjing (西湖龙井) produced in Hangzhou (杭州), Zhejiang (浙江), are characterized by "green color, fragrant aroma, sweet taste, and beautiful shape"; Biluochun (碧螺春) produced in Jiangsu (江苏) has a curled snail-like shape, covered with fuzz, and a rich and lasting aroma.
Black tea is divided into Lapsang Souchong, Congou black tea, and broken black tea, etc. The initial processing techniques are withering, rolling, fermentation, and drying. Black tea is a fully fermented tea. After fermentation, the polyphenols in fresh leaves are fully oxidized, forming the quality characteristics of "red soup and red leaves."
Black tea is produced in Anhui (安徽), Yunnan (云南), Sichuan (四川), and other places in China. Lapsang Souchong uses pine firewood to heat and wither, so it has a unique pine smoke aroma and a mellow taste similar to longan soup; Qimen black tea (祁门红茶) produced in Anhui has a rich aroma and is known as "Qimen Fragrance"; Dian Hong (滇红) produced in Yunnan has a strong, fresh, and bright taste, and a red and bright soup color. Black tea is warm in nature and is suitable for people with stomach cold and sleep sensitivity.
Oolong tea, also known as Qing tea, its initial processing techniques are withering, making green, fixing, rolling, and drying. Among them, making green is the key process to form the unique quality of Qing tea, and it is also the foundation for establishing the aroma and taste of Qing tea. Qing tea is a semi-fermented tea between green tea and black tea. It has the fresh fragrance of green tea and the mellow taste of black tea. After brewing, the edges of the leaves turn red, which is called "green leaves with red edges."
Da Hong Pao (大红袍) produced in Fujian (福建) is a well-known Qing tea. The tea strips are uniform and shiny in color, and the aroma is "sharp and strong, clear and secluded"; Phoenix Dancong (凤凰单枞) produced in Guangdong (广东) has a rich and lasting aroma, a sweet and refreshing taste, and a special mountain rhyme and honey flavor. Qing tea is especially suitable for people who need to refresh themselves and regulate metabolism.
White tea is "not fried and not rubbed." Its initial processing techniques are withering and drying, and it is a slightly fermented tea. White tea is cool in nature and has a sweet and harmonious flavor. The main producing area is in Fujian. White tea can be divided into Bai Hao Yin Zhen (白毫银针), Bai Mu Dan (白牡丹), Gong Mei (贡眉), Shou Mei (寿眉) and other varieties. Bai Hao Yin Zhen is covered with white hairs, straight like needles, and white like silver; Bai Mu Dan has green leaves with silvery white buds, shaped like flowers, with apricot yellow or orange-yellow soup color, and a fresh and mellow taste.
Yellow tea is a lightly fermented tea. Its initial processing techniques are fixing, rolling,闷黄 (mèn huáng - "yellowing," a unique process of heaping tea leaves to induce slight fermentation), and drying, which is similar to green tea, but its unique yellowing process can reduce the bitter taste and shape the "yellow soup and yellow leaves" quality characteristics of yellow tea.
Junshan Yinzhen (君山银针) produced in Hunan (湖南) has golden yellow buds, covered with silver hairs, with orange-yellow and bright soup color, and a sweet and refreshing taste. During the yellowing process of yellow tea, polyphenols are converted into theaflavins and other components, and the amino acid content increases. Yellow tea is less irritating than green tea and is suitable for people with sensitive stomachs.
Dark tea has a long history and played an important role in the ancient tea-horse trade. Dark tea is a post-fermented tea. Its initial processing techniques are fixing, rolling, 渥堆 (wò duī - "piling," a crucial fermentation step), re-rolling, and drying. According to the shape, it can be divided into two categories: loose tea and compressed tea. The piling process of dark tea creates its unique aged aroma and rich taste.
Dark tea is produced in Hunan, Hubei (湖北), Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi (广西) and other places. Fuzhuan (茯砖) in Anhua dark tea (安化黑茶) in Hunan has a flat shape, distinct edges and corners, and a unique aged aroma when smelled. Dark tea has the effect of lowering lipids and promoting digestion, so it is more suitable for people with high blood sugar and high blood lipids.
China's tea culture has a long history, and there are many types of tea. Everyone can choose the tea that suits them and explore the profound charm of outstanding Chinese traditional culture while tasting the rich tea fragrance.
Return to TopBy: 陈 钊
The "Records of the Grand Historian: Biography of Xiang Yu" records the scene of Liu Bang (刘邦) offering wine for a toast at the "Hongmen Banquet": "Xiang Bo (项伯) then entered to see Duke Pei. Duke Pei presented a cup of wine as a toast, and made a marriage agreement..." What is the "zhi (卮)" mentioned here?
The "Modern Chinese Dictionary" explains "zhi (卮)" as "an ancient container for holding wine." The "Shuowen Jiezi" explains it as: "Zhi (卮) is a round vessel, also called dan (觛), used to regulate diet." Some documents also record: "A circle, made of bent wood, refers to the zhi (卮) and yi (匜) categories." It can be seen that the earliest "zhi (卮)" may have been mostly made of lacquer wood, with a round or circular shape.
If we further consult documents such as "Shuowen Jiezi Zhu" and "Kangxi Dictionary," we can roughly outline the appearance of "zhi (卮)": It is a cylindrical vessel used to hold wine. Larger vessels are called "dou zhi (斗卮)," and smaller ones are called "zhi (卮)" or "dan (觛)."
The shape of the character "zhi (卮)" first appeared in seal script, composed of two ideographic characters, with a horizontally written "ren (人)" character on top and a "jie (卪)" character below. "Jie (卪)" refers to an ancient token used to prove identity, which we can regard as a "credential." Therefore, as a wine vessel, the shape and material of "zhi (卮)" had special attributes that highlighted the status of the user in ancient society.
Judging from the unearthed archaeological finds and handed-down Han Dynasty zhi (卮), there are mainly jade zhi (玉卮), lacquer zhi (漆卮), bronze zhi (铜卮), and pottery zhi (陶卮), among which the most precious is the "jade zhi (玉卮)."
The "Han Feizi" mentions "jade zhi (玉卮)": "Now there is a jade zhi (玉卮) worth a thousand gold, open and without a bottom, can it hold water?" This means that no matter how precious a jade wine vessel is, it loses its practical value if it has no base. This sentence later evolved into the 成语 (chengyu) 玉卮无当 (yù zhī wú dāng - "jade cup without a bottom," beautiful in appearance but impractical).
So far, not many Han Dynasty jade zhi (玉卮) have been unearthed archaeologically. Combined with the "Records of the Grand Historian: Basic Annals of Emperor Gaozu" which states: "Weiyang Palace (未央宫) was completed... Emperor Gaozu (高祖) held a jade zhi (玉卮) and rose to toast the Supreme Emperor..." Most scholars believe that jade zhi (玉卮) may have been a special wine vessel for the royal family and princes during the Han Dynasty.
The Western Han Dynasty hooked vortex pattern jade zhi (玉卮) in the collection of the Xuzhou Museum (徐州博物馆) in Jiangsu (江苏) Province, was unearthed from the Chu King's Tomb (楚王墓) on Lion Mountain (狮子山) in Xuzhou (徐州). It is 11.8 cm high and 6.7 cm in diameter, and the material is translucent Hetian jade (和田玉). It consists of two parts: a lid and a body. The lid and body are fastened together with a tenon-and-mortise joint, and the lid knob is shaped like a five-petal persimmon calyx. The lid surface is carved with three columnar knobs around the perimeter. The body is cylindrical, with three animal-shaped feet below, which are upright and stable. The mouth and bottom edges are decorated with scroll cloud patterns, and the entire surface is covered with hooked thunder patterns, which are neat and elegant.
This jade zhi (玉卮) is one of the most complex wine vessels in the existing Han Dynasty jade artifacts. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the scarcity of jade materials and the decline of craftsmanship, similar objects were rarely seen again.
(The author is the associate researcher of Xuzhou Museum (徐州博物馆) in Jiangsu (江苏) Province, and the reporter Yao Xueqing (姚雪青) of this newspaper interviewed and compiled the article)
Return to TopLayout Design: Zhang Danfeng (张丹峰)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 吴月辉 肖 遥
Netizen: I noticed a message recently released by the Institute of High Energy Physics (高能物理研究所) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院): the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) (JUNO) has been officially completed and the first physical results have been released. What exactly is a neutrino? Is it important to explore neutrinos?
Editor: The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) (JUNO) is China's (中国) new generation neutrino experiment facility, a key facility for exploring "ghost particles" - neutrinos, and will help explain the mysteries of cosmic evolution. In this issue of "Academicians Explain Science," we invited Academician Wang Yifang (王贻芳) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院), the project manager of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) project, to reveal the scientific code behind this major national instrument.
On November 19, Wen Liangjian (温良剑), Deputy Director of the Institute of High Energy Physics (高能物理研究所) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) and head of physical analysis for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) collaboration, reported the first physical results of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验). Through the analysis of 59 days of effective data, the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) collaboration measured the mixing angle θ12 and its related mass parameters, known as "solar neutrino oscillation parameters," improving the highest accuracy of previous experiments by 1.5 to 1.8 times.
According to reports, these two oscillation parameters were initially determined by solar neutrinos, but can also be accurately determined by reactor neutrinos. Previously, the measurement results of the mass squared difference by these two methods had an inconsistency of about 1.5 times the standard deviation, which is called the "solar neutrino deviation," suggesting that there may be new physics beyond people's cognition. This time, the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) confirmed this deviation through reactor neutrinos.
"Ghost Particles": Hiding the Key to the Origin of the Universe
For most people, neutrinos are unfamiliar, but among the 12 basic particles that make up the material world, neutrinos account for 1/4 and are widely present in the universe. Because neutrinos hardly interact with any matter and are not easily captured, they have become the least understood basic particle known to mankind, and are also known as "ghost particles."
However, such "low-key" particles may hold the key to unlocking the ultimate mystery of the universe. According to the Big Bang theory, matter and antimatter should exist in equal quantities at the birth of the universe, but in the past nearly a hundred years, humans have not found any signs of a large amount of antimatter existing in the universe. Some scientists even believe that antimatter has disappeared. Where did the antimatter go? This is a major mystery in the study of the origin and evolution of the universe.
After years of research, scientists have discovered that the charge conjugation-parity symmetry violation (CP violation) characteristics of neutrino oscillation may help explain why there is far more matter than antimatter in the universe. To measure the size of CP violation, it is necessary to first know the neutrino mass ordering. "The mass of neutrinos is a basic parameter of nature and affects the evolution of the universe. Knowing the mass ordering can pave the way for determining the neutrino mass and other research," said Wang Yifang (王贻芳).
Wang Yifang (王贻芳) introduced that the current focus of neutrino exploration is in three directions: where does the mass of neutrinos come from, the mass ordering problem of the three types of neutrinos, and whether neutrinos are their own antiparticles (the "Majorana particle" property). "Understanding neutrinos is very important, and the understanding and research of them will help reveal many mysteries of the evolution of the universe," said Wang Yifang (王贻芳).
From Daya Bay (大亚湾) to Jiangmen (江门): China's (中国) Neutrino Research's "Precision Long March"
"The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) was able to complete such high-precision measurements in a short period of time, indicating that the performance of the JUNO detector fully meets the design expectations," said Wang Yifang (王贻芳).
The success of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) was not achieved overnight, but was built on years of accumulation in China (中国). Looking back at the history of neutrino research in China (中国), the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment (大亚湾中微子实验) is an unavoidable key node.
In 2003, Wang Yifang (王贻芳), who was then an ordinary researcher at the Institute of High Energy Physics (高能物理研究所) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院), noticed an important trend: the international scientific community was trying to measure the mixing parameter θ13 through reactor neutrinos, and this parameter was the only way to solve the subsequent neutrino puzzles. At that time, several foreign teams had begun to prepare related experiments.
"China (中国) must not miss this opportunity and should actively participate in it." In the same year, Wang Yifang (王贻芳) proposed an experimental plan to use the large number of neutrinos generated by China's (中国) Daya Bay (大亚湾) nuclear reactor cluster to find the third type of neutrino oscillation, and designed the experimental device with his colleagues. Subsequently, after many appeals, in 2006, the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment (大亚湾中微子实验) project was approved, becoming the largest international cooperation project in the field of basic science in China (中国) at that time.
In 2012, the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment (大亚湾中微子实验) ushered in a major breakthrough - in just 55 days, the research team discovered a new neutrino oscillation mode and accurately measured the mixing parameter θ13. "This result far exceeded expectations and directly proved the feasibility of subsequent in-depth research," Wang Yifang (王贻芳) recalled.
Since then, the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment (大亚湾中微子实验) has always maintained the world's highest precision in θ13 measurement, and has also cultivated a group of neutrino research talents such as Wen Liangjian (温良剑). By the time it was successfully decommissioned in 2020, the experimental device had not only completed all scientific goals, but also reached the design limit in precision.
The achievements of the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment (大亚湾中微子实验) paved a key cornerstone for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验). It is worth mentioning that after the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment (大亚湾中微子实验) device was decommissioned, some of the devices were continued to be used by the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验), becoming a vivid footnote to the inheritance of scientific research - "Without the breakthrough of the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment (大亚湾中微子实验), there would be no Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) today," said Wang Yifang (王贻芳).
Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验): A Super Weapon for Exploring the "Cosmic Code"
As a new generation of neutrino experimental device, the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验), from design to construction, carries the mission of overcoming the core mysteries of neutrinos. Its main goal is to determine the mass ordering of neutrinos - in Wang Yifang's (王贻芳) view, this is the "key" to unlocking the subsequent series of mysteries: "Only by clarifying the mass ordering first can we further measure CP violation; if the ordering is 'reverse', the process of confirming whether neutrinos are 'Majorana particles' will be greatly accelerated."
The first physical result released this time has demonstrated the powerful strength of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验). "This is just the beginning, and the potential of the device has not yet been fully released," said Wang Yifang (王贻芳).
From a technical point of view, the advancement of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) is world-class. The experimental device is built 700 meters underground in Dashishan (打石山), Jiangmen City (江门市), Guangdong Province (广东省), and the core is an organic glass sphere with a diameter of 35.4 meters, which is filled with 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator - 20 times larger than similar international equipment, and the resolution is 1 times higher. Wang Yifang (王贻芳) introduced that the development of the device overcame three major technical problems: using a steel mesh frame to support the organic glass sphere, overcoming the huge buoyancy caused by the density difference between the liquid scintillator and water; the purity of the liquid scintillator is hundreds of times higher than that of the Daya Bay (大亚湾) experiment, and the light attenuation length exceeds 20 meters; the independently developed photomultiplier tube has internationally leading detection efficiency and can accurately capture the weak flashes during neutrino reactions.
The design life of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) device is as long as 30 years. In Wang Yifang's (王贻芳) view, its exploration range will continue to expand in the future. In addition to overcoming the mass ordering problem, it can also conduct in-depth research on solar neutrinos and earth neutrinos; if a supernova explodes in the Milky Way, the device can capture neutrino signals at the first time, helping to reveal the mysteries of stellar evolution.
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验) is very international. This major international cooperation project has more than 700 researchers from 17 countries and regions and 75 research institutions. Talking about the future, Wang Yifang (王贻芳) is full of confidence: "Breakthroughs in basic research take time. In the next few decades, with the ultra-high precision of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (江门中微子实验), it will continue to produce major results and cultivate a new generation of physicists."
Return to TopBy: 陈 鸣
Speaking of meteorites, many people have some mysterious imaginations, and the traces left by these "visitors from outer space" on Earth have also become the target of scientists' tracking. Not long ago, the Jinlin crater (金林陨石坑) confirmed in Zhaoqing (肇庆) City, Guangdong Province (广东省) has attracted much attention. It is currently the largest Holocene (11,700 years ago to the present) meteorite crater discovered on Earth. Scientists speculate that the largest extraterrestrial small celestial body impact event in the Holocene occurred here.
Throughout history, the Earth has suffered countless impacts from extraterrestrial small celestial bodies. The vast majority of these extraterrestrial small celestial bodies are asteroids, which pass through the atmosphere at ultra-high speeds, hit the surface and cause explosions, eventually forming meteorite craters.
The scale of the meteorite crater shows that the explosion caused by the asteroid impact had a huge impact range. Taking the Jinlin crater (金林陨石坑) as an example, its diameter is about 900 meters. According to calculations, to form such a large crater, an asteroid with a diameter of 30 meters needs to hit the surface at an average speed of 20 kilometers per second, releasing energy equivalent to the explosion of 600,000 tons of TNT explosives, causing the destruction of organisms within a radius of about 15 kilometers. At the same time, the impact will also cause strong seismic waves, affecting the surrounding geological environment.
How do scientists search for meteorite craters? One clue is the shape. Most asteroids hit the Earth at high angles, so most meteorite craters have a ring-shaped structure. However, there are various causes of ring-shaped craters on Earth, and geological activities such as volcanic eruptions can also form ring-shaped craters. The key to further identification is to find "fingerprint" evidence of impact events.
At the moment of an asteroid impact, extremely high pressure and temperature will cause impact metamorphism of rocks and minerals, disrupting the internal structure of minerals, making them amorphous substances, or transforming them into ultra-high pressure minerals. Scientists can find the origin of ring-shaped craters by extracting this type of impact metamorphic evidence of minerals.
Currently, there are only more than 200 confirmed meteorite craters on Earth. However, on the Moon, there are millions of identifiable meteorite craters with a diameter of more than 1 kilometer. Some people may ask: "The Earth is so much larger than the Moon, so why are there fewer meteorite craters?" This is because the geological activity of the Earth and the Moon are different. Geological activity on Earth is very active, and most meteorite craters on the surface are weathered, eroded, and destroyed over the long years, until they eventually disappear. As early as 3 billion years ago, strong geological activity on the Moon had basically stopped, so most meteorite craters were preserved.
This can also partially answer why there are only 5 scientifically confirmed meteorite craters in China (中国) to date, 4 of which are in the northeastern region. The probability of any region on Earth encountering an asteroid impact is equal, but the geological activity and climate of different regions are different, and the preservation of meteorite craters is also different. The south is warmer and more humid, with abundant rainfall, and chemical and biological weathering are strong, making it difficult to preserve meteorite craters. The Jinlin crater (金林陨石坑) is a meteorite crater discovered in an area with strong weathering, which also provides experience and reference for subsequent exploration.
Meteorite craters are geological wonders and rich mines for scientific research. Some studies believe that the extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by an asteroid impact on Earth. Only by studying meteorite craters can we unravel the mystery and correctly infer the causes of environmental mutations in Earth's history. In addition, asteroids carry extraterrestrial materials, and the extreme environment brought about by their impact is similar to the deep environment of the Earth. Meteorite crater research has also become a prelude to the exploration of the material structure of the deep Earth and the exploration of deep space.
(The author is a researcher at the Beijing (北京) High Pressure Science Research Center of the China Academy of Engineering Physics (中国工程物理研究院), and this report was compiled by Li Junqiang (李君强), a reporter from this newspaper.)
Return to TopAccording to Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (北京) (Reporters Wei Mengjia (魏梦佳) and Zheng Minghong (郑明鸿)) A research team composed of scientists from China, Germany, the United States, and other countries, through the study of a batch of well-preserved dinosaur footprint fossils discovered in Wucha Village (五岔村), Daba Town (大坝镇), Renhuai City (仁怀市), Guizhou Province (贵州省), identified them as a footprint combination of sauropods, basal sauropodomorphs, theropods, and basal ornithopods, reflecting that the area was a lakeside sandbar environment in the Early Jurassic period, suitable for the activities of multiple groups of dinosaurs. This achievement was recently published in the international academic journal "Journal of Asian Earth Sciences."
Xing Lida (邢立达), associate professor at China University of Geosciences (Beijing) (中国地质大学（北京）), introduced that the Wucha dinosaur footprint group completely records the coexistence of sauropods, basal sauropodomorphs, theropods, and basal ornithopod dinosaurs. Among them, the longest sauropod footprint found can reach 60 centimeters, which is consistent with the Early Jurassic sauropod footprint group common in the Sichuan Basin (四川盆地).
Among these footprints, a group of footprints that only retains traces of two toes is the most noteworthy. The research team believes that these footprints may be the frontal scratches of only two toes left by three-toed dinosaurs when running or "trampling," rather than caused by true two-toed dinosaurs. It is judged that, under certain conditions, three-toed dinosaurs may completely leave "two-toed-like" imprints - which is of great significance for the future identification of early dromaeosaurid footprints, and also provides a new reference for explaining "suspected two-toed imprints" worldwide.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 闫伊乔
Do you understand the brain? As one of the most complex systems in nature, the brain is composed of hundreds of billions of neurons and hundreds of trillions of synapses working together. How to achieve clear observation of the depths of the brain under the natural behavioral state of organisms has always been a difficult problem in brain science research.
Cheng Heping (程和平), Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) and professor at Peking University (北京大学), the team of Wang Aimin (王爱民), associate professor at Peking University (北京大学), and the team of Wu Runlong (吴润龙), professor at Beijing Information Science & Technology University (北京信息科技大学), recently successfully developed a multicolor miniaturized two-photon microscope, achieving for the first time high-resolution deep-brain two-photon color imaging of freely moving mice.
"Just like upgrading from black and white B-ultrasound to color ultrasound, now we can conduct 'color live broadcast' of the brain," said Academician Cheng Heping (程和平). This technology will greatly promote the analysis of neural circuits of brain function and lay the foundation for revealing the pathological mechanisms of brain diseases and the future development of brain-like intelligence. The relevant research results were published in the international journal *Nature Methods*.
In 2014, Academician Cheng Heping (程和平) led the launch of the national major instrument project "Ultra-high Spatiotemporal Resolution Miniaturized Two-Photon In Vivo Microscopic Imaging System," which has undergone four technical iterations over more than 10 years: The first-generation 2.2-gram miniaturized two-photon microscope achieved clear and stable functional imaging of synapses in freely moving mice for the first time; the second-generation system expanded the field of view by 7.8 times and had three-dimensional imaging capabilities; the third-generation system used the principle of three-photon fluorescence imaging to achieve observation of the deep brain hippocampus in freely behaving mice; and the latest fourth-generation system has made landmark technological breakthroughs in three dimensions: multicolor excitation, deep brain imaging, and multi-scale observation.
"In the past, due to the functional limitations of hollow-core fibers, we could only use miniaturized microscopes to see a single type of cell. Now, different types of cells can be labeled with different colors of fluorescent proteins, so we can clearly see the complex behaviors between multiple cells and study how they cooperate and interact," Wu Runlong (吴润龙) introduced.
Miniaturized two-photon microscopic imaging is a nonlinear optical imaging technology based on two-photon absorption and fluorescence excitation. One of its key components is the hollow-core fiber. The 700-1060 nm ultra-wideband anti-resonant hollow-core fiber successfully developed by the team solved the limitation of traditional bandgap hollow-core photonic crystal fibers that only support monochromatic lasers, enabling multi-wavelength femtosecond pulsed lasers to be transmitted with low loss and low dispersion, laying the physical foundation for simultaneous observation of multiple cell functional structures.
"Through it, the dynamics of brain cells and organelles in Alzheimer's disease model mice can be clearly presented," said Qiu Shan (邱姗), a member of the research team. Under the observation of this microscope, red neuronal calcium signals, green mitochondrial calcium signals, and blue amyloid plaques are superimposed and imaged, intuitively revealing the cellular changes in the early stages of the disease, providing a key observational basis for the study of the mechanisms of neurological diseases.
In addition to multicolor imaging, this microscope has also achieved breakthroughs in two key performance aspects: First, through precise optical design, the imaging depth exceeds 850 microns, which is 3 times that of previous miniaturized two-photon technology, allowing it to see through the deep layers of the mouse cerebral cortex; second, it is designed with 3 rapidly switchable parfocal objectives, which can complete the switching between "wide-angle panorama" and "fine close-up" in 30 seconds, meeting the needs of cross-scale research.
"Internationally, research on similar technologies began in 2001, but it has not been widely used before," Wu Runlong (吴润龙) introduced. The Chinese team has not only broken through the fiber and optical design technologies but also achieved full-chain localization. At present, this technology has been successfully transformed and exported to many countries.
Speaking of the next research plan, Wu Runlong (吴润龙) said that the team has a clear direction: on the one hand, to integrate optogenetic technology to achieve a "read" and "write" closed loop—not only can it "read" neuronal electrical activity, but it can also "manipulate" specific neurons through light stimulation, such as starting movement in a stationary mouse or stopping a moving mouse, laying the foundation for optical brain-computer interface research; on the other hand, to increase the imaging speed from 10-20 Hz per second to kHz, achieving real-time "video recording" of brain electrical activity.
Return to TopThis newspaper reports from Kunming (昆明) (reporter Zhang Chi (张驰)) How do our bodily organs age? What are the patterns of organ aging? The Kunming Institute of Zoology (昆明动物研究所) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) recently led the systematic mapping of natural aging baseline atlases covering 30 major organ systems of rhesus monkeys, spanning multiple molecular dimensions, revealing important molecular characteristics such as significant asynchronous organ aging, providing a new research and understanding framework for understanding organ aging patterns and possible mechanisms in non-human primates and humans.
The study found that in the aging process of various organs of rhesus monkeys, 12 organs including the thymus, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and ovaries aged relatively quickly, while 11 organs including the brain, muscles, liver, skin, and adrenal glands aged relatively slowly. This shows that the aging of various tissues and organs in the body is not uniform, and some organs may age first, thereby affecting the overall aging state. The study also further revealed the key molecular characteristics that lead to differences in organ aging, providing new entry points for future anti-aging interventions. The research results were published in the international journal *Nature Methods*, establishing an important non-human primate multi-organ aging baseline and reference system for human aging research.
Return to TopLayout Design: Zhang Danfeng (张丹峰), Shen Yiling (沈亦伶)
Return to TopFrom logistics channels to trade hubs, from industrial undertaking to development and co-creation, from one-way supply to two-way sharing... During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Langfang City (廊坊市), Hebei Province (河北省) has deeply integrated into the overall situation of the coordinated development of Beijing (北京), Tianjin (天津), and Hebei (河北). It has firmly grasped the historic window period and strategic opportunity period, given full play to its location advantage as the "Beijing-Tianjin Corridor," and made precise efforts and continuous breakthroughs in transportation, industry, public services, ecology, and other fields. It has accelerated its own development in connecting with and serving Beijing and Tianjin, and strived to be at the forefront of the province in the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei.
Interconnected Transportation Infrastructure Accelerates the Construction of "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei on Rails"
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the construction of "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei on Rails" has accelerated, and Langfang's (廊坊) hub status has become increasingly prominent, making "same-city" living within reach.
Promote the construction of rail transit. The Beijing-Tangshan Intercity Railway (京唐城际), Tianjin-Xingtai Intercity Railway (津兴城际), and Huairou-Xinglong Intercity Railway (怀兴城际) Langfang-Xinglong section have been completed successively. There are 11 operating railways in the city, with a total mileage of 469 kilometers, forming a "four vertical and seven horizontal" railway transportation backbone network pattern. The Xiong'an New Area (雄安新区) to Beijing Daxing International Airport Express Line (北京大兴国际机场) (R1 line) and Beijing Rail Transit Line 22 (Pinggu Line) (北京轨道交通22号线 (平谷线)) are under construction. The high-speed rail train from Langfang (廊坊) to Shijiazhuang (石家庄) and the suburban train from Gu'an (固安), Hebei (河北) to Beijing Fengtai (北京丰台) have been successfully opened.
Promote the construction of highway networks. The Beijing Daxing International Airport (北京大兴国际机场) North Line Expressway, Rongcheng-Wuhai Expressway (荣乌高速) new line, Beijing-Xiong'an Expressway (京雄高速), and Beijing-Dezhou Expressway (京德高速) have been completed successively. There are 13 expressways in the territory, forming a "six vertical and seven horizontal" expressway network layout. By the end of 2024, the city's highway network density reached 182.97 kilometers per hundred square kilometers, ranking among the top in the province. In 2024, the Changtong Road (厂通路) Chaobai River Bridge (潮白河大桥), which was constructed in the "four unifications" model of planning, design, construction, and management by the Beijing Municipal Administrative Center and the three counties in northern Langfang (廊坊北三县) (Sanhe City (三河市), Dachang Hui Autonomous County (大厂回族自治县), and Xianghe County (香河县)), was completed and put into use. The entire Changtong Road (厂通路) was opened to traffic, shortening the travel time between Dachang County (大厂县) and the Beijing Municipal Administrative Center by approximately 30 minutes.
Promote the construction of public transportation. The three counties in the north, the main urban area, Gu'an County (固安县), and Yongqing County (永清县) have successively opened "customized express buses" to Guomao (国贸), Wangjing (望京) and other areas in Beijing (北京), with a total of 6 main lines and 33 branch lines, with an average daily passenger flow of 7,800 passengers. Eight inter-provincial bus routes have been opened from the main urban area, Xianghe County (香河县), and Sanhe City (三河市) to Baodi District (宝坻区), Jizhou District (蓟州区), and Wuqing District (武清区) in Tianjin (天津), as well as commuter trains from Gu'an County (固安县) to Fengtai District (丰台区) in Beijing (北京), accelerating the "same-city" integration of Beijing (北京), Tianjin (天津), and Langfang (廊坊). This year, Dachang County (大厂县) in Langfang City (廊坊市) piloted the opening of a rapid commuter bus line to Tongzhou District (通州区) in Beijing (北京), achieving a "zero breakthrough" in the entry of foreign bus lines into Beijing (北京).
Industrial Upgrading and Collaborative Development, Innovation Resonance Surges New Development Momentum
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Langfang (廊坊) has been making every effort to promote the integrated development of the two leading industries, modern commerce and logistics, and electronic information, with the industrial chains of Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津).
Focusing on the implementation of the "logistics vision," we will focus on building key modern commerce and logistics projects. Eight leading logistics companies, including STO Express (申通快递), YTO Express (圆通速递), ZTO Express (中通快递), and Yunda Express (韵达快递), have established regional headquarters or distribution centers in Langfang (廊坊), achieving full coverage of the relevant businesses of the top 50 domestic logistics companies. The "zero-subsidy" China-Europe train (中欧班列) and China-Central Asia train (中亚班列) were historically opened, and the Langfang (廊坊) "China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan" international multimodal transport new channel was opened. The Daxing International Airport (大兴国际机场) to Paris (巴黎) achieved direct all-cargo charter flights, and was approved as a modern circulation strategic fulcrum city and a national logistics hub layout carrying city. The International Modern Commerce and Logistics College of Hebei University of Technology (河北工业大学) was officially established. As of the first three quarters of this year, the added value of Langfang's (廊坊) modern commerce and logistics industry has jumped to 25.1% of the city's gross domestic product.
The electronic information industry is climbing to new heights, and a five-industry matrix of big data and artificial intelligence, new displays, software services, industry electronics, and fiber optic inertial navigation has been initially built. In 2024, revenue exceeded 70 billion yuan, ranking second in the province, and 15 companies were shortlisted for the "2025 Hebei Province Top 100 Electronic Information Enterprises." Proactively layout new tracks in the artificial intelligence industry, the number of national green data centers created ranks among the top in the province, and the city's computing power sub-index has ranked first in the country for two consecutive years.
Continue to promote "Beijing-Tianjin R&D, Langfang Incubation, Transformation and Industrialization." From 2021 to 2024, the annual transaction volume of Beijing-Tianjin technology contracts increased from 2.849 billion yuan to 14.492 billion yuan, and the cumulative transaction volume of Beijing-Tianjin technology contracts in four years was 35.23 billion yuan. Accelerate the construction of collaborative innovation communities. The Yanjiao Center (燕郊中心) of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei National Technology Innovation Center (京津冀国家技术创新中心) has introduced 8 high-tech enterprises, including Liantai Cluster Computing Power and Nakai Technology. The main body of the Yanjiao Collaborative Innovation Base Project (South District Phase I) of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei National Technology Innovation Center (京津冀国家技术创新中心燕郊协同创新基地项目 (南区一期)) has been completed. A total of 518 technology docking activities such as the "Science and Technology Achievement Direct Train" and the "Double Hundred Mutual Advancement" have been held, and 38 cooperation agreements have been signed. Deepen scientific and technological cooperation with Tongzhou District (通州区) in Beijing (北京) and Wuqing District (武清区) in Tianjin (天津). The "Tongwu Corridor" (通武廊) three places share 92 innovation platforms, of which 29 innovation platforms in Langfang City (廊坊市) have provided services to enterprises and institutions in Beijing (北京), Tianjin (天津), and Hebei (河北) more than 1,100 times.
Focusing on the pension market demand in Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津), create a characteristic health and wellness brand. As of now, more than 100,000 elderly people from Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津) have come to Langfang (廊坊) for health and wellness, accounting for nearly 60% of the number of institutional elderly care in the province and 1/3 of the number of community elderly care in the province. A pension service pattern has been formed with Yanda Nursing Center (燕达养护中心) as the leader and Ronghua Qishan (荣华齐山), Da'ai City (大爱城), and Yujian Yihe (域见颐和) as the ladder development. This year, Langfang (廊坊) continued to undertake the relocation of Beijing's (北京) pension resources and signed a cooperation agreement on pension services with the Dongcheng District Civil Affairs Bureau (东城区民政局) in Beijing (北京). The "Tongwu Corridor" (通武廊) Medical and Elderly Care Integration Alliance was officially established.
Public Services are Built and Shared, and People's Livelihood Dividends Enhance People's Sense of Gain
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Langfang (廊坊) innovated its system and mechanism, strengthened docking and cooperation, promoted the joint construction and sharing of public services in education, medical care, and other fields, and enhanced the people's sense of gain and happiness.
Strengthen educational cooperation. In 2023, Langfang City (廊坊市) signed a new round of "Dabei Lang" (大北廊) and "Tongwu Corridor" (通武廊) education coordinated development cooperation agreements with Daxing District (大兴区) in Beijing (北京), Beichen District (北辰区) in Tianjin (天津), Tongzhou District (通州区) in Beijing (北京), and Wuqing District (武清区) in Tianjin (天津), respectively, to jointly build a coordinated development community and education alliance. In 2024, the education authorities of Beijing (北京), Tianjin (天津), and Hebei (河北) decided to rely on the Gu'an Campus (固安校区) of Beijing Institute of Economic Management (北京经济管理职业学院) to establish the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Vocational Education Reform Demonstration Park. As of now, a total of 155 schools in Langfang City (廊坊市) have carried out different forms of cooperation with high-quality educational resources in Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津) in terms of inter-school exchanges, principal and teacher training, and teaching research.
Strengthen medical resource cooperation. Actively introduce high-quality medical resources from Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津), and a number of landmark relocation projects have been implemented effectively. As of now, 89 medical institutions in Langfang City (廊坊市) have cooperated with 124 medical institutions in Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津), 14 medical institutions have been identified as "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Medical Consortium Construction Units," 52 institutions have joined the "Tongwu Corridor" (通武廊) Medical and Elderly Care Integration Alliance, and 38 primary medical institutions have "held hands" with 34 primary medical institutions in Tongzhou District (通州区) and Daxing District (大兴区) in Beijing (北京) and Wuqing District (武清区) and Beichen District (北辰区) in Tianjin (天津). 26 key traditional Chinese medicine specialties and demonstration specialties of traditional Chinese and Western medicine have carried out substantive business cooperation with high-level hospitals in Beijing (北京).
Promote social security integration. All 283 inpatient designated medical institutions in Langfang City (廊坊市) (according to local service authority) have opened direct cross-provincial settlement of hospitalization, general outpatient, and five outpatient chronic and special diseases, realizing full coverage of reimbursement categories and medical institutions. Actively promote the "one-card pass" of social security cards in the "Tongwu Corridor" (通武廊). As of now, Langfang (廊坊) has completed the construction of "one-card pass" scenarios for social security cards in human resources and social security services, medical treatment and drug purchase, and transportation. People in Tongzhou District (通州区) in Beijing (北京) and Wuqing District (武清区) in Tianjin (天津) can use their social security cards to seek medical treatment and purchase drugs, borrow books, enter and exit museums, take buses, and handle human resources and social security services in Langfang (廊坊).
Deepen cultural and tourism integration. Strive to build a new highland for cultural and tourism integration in Beijing (北京), Tianjin (天津), and Hebei (河北). It has successively and successfully held large-scale cultural and tourism activities such as the 2023 "Belt and Road"·Great Wall International Folk Culture and Art Festival and the first National Ethnic Musical Instrument Exhibition. Cultural and tourism resources have attracted the attention of the Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津) markets. Langfang Dream Langfang Drama Park (廊坊市梦廊坊戏剧公园) was selected into the third batch of national-level night culture and tourism consumption gathering areas. The Only Dream of Red Mansions·Drama Fantasy City project has received a cumulative total of 1.5 million visitors, with visitors from Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津) accounting for more than 30%, effectively driving the comprehensive development of surrounding accommodation, catering, leisure shopping and other business formats. In 2022, the Beijing-Hebei section of the Grand Canal (北运河) achieved full tourism navigation. Langfang City (廊坊市) relied on canal resources to launch a "5+8+9" cultural and tourism brand strategy in conjunction with Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津) to create a joint check-in route such as "Traveling along the Grand Canal." Deepen pragmatic cooperation in the "Tongwu Corridor" (通武廊) Cultural Tourism Alliance, and jointly carry out more than 120 activities such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Tongwu Corridor) Cultural Tourism Exchange Season, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei University Dragon Boat Invitational Tournament, and the Langfang City (廊坊市) "Tongbei" Collaborative Marathon.
Joint Prevention and Control of Ecological Environment, Clear Waters and Blue Skies Add Color to the Development Picture
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Langfang (廊坊) promoted the deep integration of ecological environment protection and regional coordinated development, strengthened ecological co-construction and sharing and joint prevention and control of pollution in the areas bordering Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津), and made every effort to build an ecological environment support area for Beijing (北京), Tianjin (天津), and Hebei (河北).
In terms of atmospheric governance, Langfang (廊坊) routinely grasps dust control in the entire region, focusing on the prevention and control of dust pollution from construction sites, strengthens daily inspections and guidance, and assigns and urges rectification of any dust prevention and control measures that are not in place or have potential dust pollution hazards as soon as possible. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the city's air quality continued to improve. As of October 31, 2025, the city's comprehensive air quality index was 3.801, an improvement of 10.3% year-on-year, effectively reducing the degree of air pollution.
In terms of water pollution control, Langfang (廊坊) has successively launched projects such as the comprehensive management of the Longhe River (龙河) water environment, the ecological restoration and water quality protection of the main tributaries of the Yongding River (永定河), and the ecological restoration of the Sanhe (三河) section and Dachang (大厂) section of the Baoqiu River (鲍邱河). Through water quality purification technology and water resource allocation measures, pollutants are "washed" in and out, and water quality has been significantly improved. In 2022, the improvement rate of surface water environmental quality ranked among the top 5% of the 339 cities in the country, becoming one of the 9 cities with significant results in ecological environment in 2022. In the first three quarters of this year, the water quality of all 9 national and provincial examination sections in the city reached or was better than the Class IV surface water standard, and the proportion of excellent water bodies was 77.8%, which was 22.2 percentage points higher than the annual target of 55.6%.
In terms of regional linkage management, since 2024, Langfang City (廊坊市) has signed joint management agreements with all 4 districts in Beijing (北京) and 5 districts in Tianjin (天津) to jointly curb regional environmental violations. Langfang City (廊坊市) has established and improved a data sharing mechanism for law enforcement monitoring with Beijing (北京) and Tianjin (天津), built an ecological environment law enforcement information sharing platform, and realized information sharing in terms of sharing information on vehicles exceeding standards and mutual recognition of re-inspection results.
Looking forward to the "15th Five-Year Plan," Langfang (廊坊) will forge ahead with a more steady pace and more abundant momentum in promoting the coordinated development of Beijing (北京), Tianjin (天津), and Hebei (河北) to achieve new leaps, perform new splendors, and write new chapters.
Data source: Publicity Department of the CPC Langfang Municipal Committee (中共廊坊市委宣传部)
Return to TopBy: 邱振威
In the grand narrative of human civilization's evolution, the origin of agriculture is always one of the most moving chapters. In northern China, the center of origin and domestication for foxtail millet (粟) and broomcorn millet (黍), how did the ancient ancestors take the first step in agriculture amidst the undulating climate?
In recent years, the multidisciplinary research team at the Xinglong Site (兴隆遗址) in Kangbao (康保), Hebei (河北) has continuously carried out research on the evolution of the regional ecological environment. The periodic results have unveiled this history that has been sealed for ten thousand years.
This research is like a precise archive of climate and human interaction. Researchers, relying on plant spores and pollen, phytoliths, etc. extracted from the site's strata, combined with high-precision carbon-14 dating technology, reconstructed a continuous environmental evolution sequence dating back approximately 11,700 years. This reveals how early Holocene humans used the climate window to gradually transition from a highly mobile hunting-gathering lifestyle to a (semi-) sedentary state, eventually giving rise to low-intensity agricultural production, providing a valuable East Asian case for understanding how humans respond to and transform the environment.
The research focuses on a natural sedimentary profile at the Xinglong Site (兴隆遗址). From the thick layers of soil, researchers collected 70 samples, and through the identification and statistical analysis of the plant spores and pollen, and phytoliths contained within, they successfully interpreted the secrets of vegetation, hydrology, and climate changes over the past ten thousand years.
Spores and pollen, these tiny plant reproductive cells, record the composition of regional vegetation; phytoliths are silicon dioxide particles formed in plant cells, like the "fossil fingerprints" of plants, which can more directly reflect the types of plants that grow locally, especially herbaceous plants. The combination of the two allows the reconstruction of the ancient environment to take into account both the overview of vegetation and capture traces of human activity.
The analysis results show that the climate environment in this area has mainly experienced three stages since the Holocene. The first stage was the warming and humidifying period from approximately 11,700 to 10,000 years ago, when the climate gradually warmed and became more humid, and the vegetation transitioned from dry and cold grassland to forest-grassland, and the local water environment tended to stabilize, providing a preliminary ecological basis for human gathering and activities. The second stage was the warm and humid period from 10,000 to 5,000 years ago, especially from 10,000 to 7,100 years ago, when forest-grassland vegetation flourished, and lakes and ponds were widely distributed. During this period, which seemed most conducive to forest expansion, researchers found that humans continuously developed and utilized the surrounding forest resources for building houses, collecting firewood, and opening up activity spaces, inhibiting the natural expansion of forests. The third stage was the cooling and drought period since 5,000 years ago, when the climate turned dry and cold, the vegetation gradually degraded into sparse woodland grassland and typical grassland, and the water body shrank significantly until about 1,800 years ago, when the wetland environment near the site basically disappeared.
It was precisely during that optimal climate period in the second stage mentioned above that subtle and profound changes took place in the lives of the Xinglong (兴隆) ancestors. Archaeological evidence shows that as early as 8,000 years ago, charred seeds of broomcorn millet (黍) and foxtail millet (粟) had already appeared in the cultural layer of the Xinglong Site (兴隆遗址). These early cultivated crop seeds coexisted with a large number of wild plant seeds (such as Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae) and animal bones (such as primitive cattle and deer). This shows that agriculture was not the main theme of survival at that time, but more like an "experiment" or "supplement." This livelihood model is also known as "low-level food production," that is, humans have begun to consciously sow, manage, and harvest certain plants, but have not completely abandoned traditional hunting and gathering, nor have they formed an absolute dependence on domesticated crops.
This transformation is the result of a two-way interaction between humans and the environment. The warm and humid climate provided an unprecedented window of opportunity for plant growth and experimental cultivation. Humans actively transformed the surrounding microenvironment by felling trees and managing land, creating space for the growth of foxtail millet (粟) and broomcorn millet (黍). This interaction is no longer passively adapting, but actively shaping the environment. The study also found that around 8150 years ago, vegetation and hydrological indicators indicated a significant environmental fluctuation, which may have led to water shortages and reduced wild resources, stimulating humans to strengthen their dependence on cultivated crops and accelerate agricultural behavior.
From 8150 to 7100 years ago, the Xinglong Site (兴隆遗址) entered a prosperous period of Neolithic cultural development. Archaeological discoveries include pit-style and semi-pit-style houses, tombs with concentrated indoor burials, more exquisite pottery, more types and quantities of ground stone tools, bone and horn tools, and even shell ornaments. All of this points to a more stable population and a more complex social structure. The number of foxtail millet (粟) and broomcorn millet (黍) unearthed has increased, and hunting and gathering still occupy an important position in the livelihood model. The impact of human activities on the environment has also deepened, and woody plants have decreased to the lowest level in the Holocene. It can be said that the continuous suitable climate background provided the possibility for population stability and development, and the stability and growth of the population have intensified the utilization and transformation of environmental resources, promoting the evolution of society towards a more complex form.
This research spanning ten thousand years is a key piece in understanding the independent origin of Chinese agriculture. The research at the Xinglong Site (兴隆遗址) has pushed the time of the appearance of foxtail millet (粟) and broomcorn millet (黍) cultivation further forward, and meticulously depicted the long process from supplementary resources to gradually important ones, consolidating the status of northern China as one of the world's agricultural origin centers.
This study shows that human adaptation strategies are flexible and diverse. The Xinglong (兴隆) ancestors actively explored agriculture during the optimal climate period, and may have strengthened this exploration during climate fluctuation periods, demonstrating strong resilience and adaptability. This provides ancient and profound wisdom for agricultural transformation and livelihood adjustment in the context of today's global warming. The Bashang (坝上) area where the research area is located is still a typical ecologically fragile area and agro-pastoral ecotone in China. Understanding the evolution of the human-land relationship in this area in history is of reference value for how to coordinate ecological protection and economic development today, and how to promote ecological policies such as "returning farmland to forests and grasslands."
The story of the Xinglong Site (兴隆遗址) tells us that the origin of agriculture was not a sudden revolution, but a dialogue, exploration, and co-evolution between humans and the natural environment that lasted for thousands of years. This "geological history archive" jointly written by spores and pollen, phytoliths, charred seeds, and archaeological cultural remains not only allows us to glimpse the economic foundation of the origin of Chinese civilization, but also inspires us to think about how to draw strength from the wisdom of our ancestors and embark on a path of sustainable development in harmony with nature.
(Author's affiliation: Archaeological Institute of the National Museum of China (中国国家博物馆考古院))
Return to TopBy: 闵庆文
Having been engaged in ecological agriculture research, I learned about Deqing in Zhejiang (浙江德清) 30 years ago, knowing its grain, mulberry, fish, and livestock ecological agriculture model, and that Deqing became one of the first pilot counties for ecological agriculture construction in China as early as 1993.
Ten years ago, in August, I heard that Deqing freshwater pearls were quite distinctive in terms of historical origin and evolution, composite farming techniques, industrial development, and derived pearl culture, and had the potential to become an important agricultural cultural heritage of China. I accompanied my supervisor, Academician Li Wenhua (李文华), to Deqing for the first time. In the past 10 years since then, because of the agricultural cultural heritage protection work, my project team and I have come here many times.
Deqing belongs to the river network area of the Taihu Lake (太湖) Basin, with ponds and dangs (small lakes) interspersed, looking like "pearls" inlaid on the earth when viewed from above. With large water areas and excellent water quality, it is naturally suitable for the development of freshwater aquaculture.
According to research, China is the first country in the world to carry out artificial pearl farming. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty (南宋), Ye Jinyang (叶金扬) from Huzhou Prefecture (湖州府) used local plicate mussels to place tin and other metal, wooden, and bone reliefs between the mussel's shell and mantle membrane, successfully cultivating shell-attached pearls, pioneering the shell-attached pearl farming technology, and realizing the leap from natural formation to artificial cultivation of pearls.
Today, entering Deqing, the first thing that catches your eye is the rows of white spherical buoys on the water, connected to each other like strings of "pearl necklaces" - under these, real pearls are being nurtured.
In one inspection, we visited the old man Shen Zhirong (沈志荣), who is known as the "Contemporary Ye Jinyang." He said, "I have had a 'pearl dream' since I was a child." In 1967, 19-year-old Shen Zhirong embarked on the exploration of freshwater pearl farming. After several failures, he successfully harvested the first batch of freshwater loose pearls based on the ancient shell-attached pearl farming technology, and later developed artificial breeding technology for triangular sail mussels, prevention and control technology for viral mussel plague of triangular sail mussels, etc., opened pearl processing enterprises, and built the Pearl Museum and Pearl Culture Park, and Xiaoshan Yang (小山漾) Pearl Ecological Breeding Base.
Pearl farmer Zhang Guoyong (张国勇) showed us the pearl seeding technology and took us to visit his breeding pond. "Here, not only pearls are raised, but also fish. Fish eat grass, mussels eat fish manure, and mussels breed pearls, forming an ecological cycle, which not only improves water quality, but also achieves a double harvest of fish and mussels."
This kind of farming method also has a long history. The ancestors had already discovered in long-term practice that there is a symbiotic relationship between freshwater fish and freshwater mussels in the natural habitat, and only by maintaining a suitable fish-mussel ratio in the water area can stable fishery output be achieved. Therefore, traditional freshwater pearl farming is carried out in a fish-mussel mixed farming model. However, how to ensure that freshwater pearl mussels produce high-quality and considerable quantities of pearls, and avoid the risk of underwater fishing, has always been the core problem restricting pearl farmers' production. It was not until Ye Jinyang invented the shell-attached pearl farming technology in the Southern Song Dynasty, which can produce high-quality pearls after 3 to 5 years of cultivation, that this problem was solved. Since then, Deqing pearls have been passed down for thousands of years.
In the fish pond, fish and mussels are mixed; in the rice field, rice and fish coexist. Looking around, aren't the farmland, fish ponds, woodland, and villages a beautiful rural scene of harmonious coexistence between man and nature?
This year, the Deqing Freshwater Pearl Composite Farming System in Zhejiang (浙江德清淡水珍珠复合养殖系统) was officially included in the "Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems" list by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In my opinion, what the people of Deqing have contributed to the world is far more than just lustrous and full pearls, but also the creative spirit, the fighting spirit of self-improvement, and the ecological wisdom of respecting nature, protecting nature, and conforming to nature.
(The author is a researcher at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所))
Return to TopBy: 王晓琨
When the eastern morning light sweeps over the eaves of the ancient temple, and when western thoughts sink into the loess of the prehistoric site, a dialogue about time and civilization unfolds in Beijing (北京). Professor Miquel Molist Montaña and Professor Anna Gómez Bach from the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain, engage in a 5-day exchange with young students from Renmin University of China (中国人民大学). This is an encounter and dialogue on the theme of archeology.
In the lecture hall, time seems to be rewoven. Professor Miquel stands in front of the podium, and the carefully crafted PPT is turned page by page, as if gently dissecting the faults of history. He leads the audience to travel to the Fertile Crescent 10,000 years ago, witnessing the moment when humans first put down their stone spears and picked up seeds. When he shows photos of the excavation site, the texture of the soil seems to be transmitted through the screen to the fingertips of each listener. Especially when he mentioned the Cishan site (磁山遗址) in the Yellow River (黄河) basin, mentioning the agricultural dawn there echoing Jericho from afar, a tacit understanding of civilization across the continent seemed to be embodied at this moment. In the two cradles of civilization thousands of miles apart, human beings began the domestication of crops at the same time. This is not only the wisdom of civilization, but also the resonance of human nature - facing the challenges of nature, we can always find similar answers.
Professor Anna turned her attention to those simple pottery pieces. In her eyes, each pottery shard is not a silent relic, but a "cipher book" of prehistoric society. She uses the magnifying glass of morphology and the scale of metrological statistics to interpret the division of labor behind those patterns and restore the power structure implied in those vessel shapes. Every line on these pottery pieces is information left to us by ancient humans, a letter from across time and space. In her narrative, archeology becomes a "poetry of things," allowing silent pottery to speak. When she showed the pottery making process restored through quantitative analysis, the audience seemed to see the prehistoric craftsmen busy by the kiln fire, and heard their breathing as they worked.
Visiting the Dule Temple (独乐寺) was the most touching interlude in this exchange. When the two Spanish scholars stepped into the mountain gate, the tranquility of the ancient temple instantly enveloped them. In the Guanyin Pavilion (观音阁), the clay sculpture of Guanyin (观音) that has undergone thousands of tribulations is presented silently, and the warm morning sun shines through the ancient window lattices, sprinkling on Guanyin's lowered eyebrows. Professor Miquel looked up at the tall statue for a long time without saying a word. At this moment, cultural heritage is no longer a concept in books, but a shock that goes straight to the soul.
At the time of parting, the students of Renmin University of China (中国人民大学) presented a hand-written folding fan with the words "Be Friends with the Ancient" (与古为友), and the four large characters with undried ink carried a long-lasting friendship; there was also a woven amethyst bracelet, symbolizing that the exchange of wisdom never stops. Professor Miquel said emotionally: "In these days, I have not only seen the love of Chinese young people for cultural heritage, but also felt the depth and warmth of this love. This heralds a bright future for this cause."
(Author's unit: School of History, Renmin University of China (中国人民大学历史学院))
Return to TopBy: 李天龙
In the gullies of the Longzhong Loess Plateau, as the first rays of dawn appear, a group of figures is already trekking across the mountain ridges. After dusk falls, the bright lights still illuminate focused individuals diligently writing at their desks. Since the launch of the Fourth National Cultural Relics Census (hereinafter referred to as the "Fourth Census"), the census team in Anding District (安定区), Dingxi City (定西市), Gansu Province (甘肃省) has completed key tasks such as high-quality field surveys, data entry, and data review, cumulatively re-examining 180 cultural relic sites and newly discovering 33 cultural relic sites, further clarifying the district's cultural relic resources and consolidating the foundation for cultural heritage protection.
For cultural relic census, "footwork" is the foundation. Anding District (安定区) is located in the heart of the Loess Plateau, with crisscrossing ridges and gullies. Many cultural relic sites are hidden in remote mountains and fields, and the lack of roads is a common challenge faced by the census team. In particular, prehistoric settlement sites often stretch from the foot of the mountain to the ridge. Without a strong physique and proficient climbing skills, it is impossible to carry out the work. The Baozishan Site (堡子山遗址), a Gansu provincial-level cultural relic protection unit, covers an area of more than 1 million square meters and covers an entire mountain. The team members can only walk along the field ridges, terrace by terrace, and when searching for boundaries, they must walk along the edges of the erosion gullies. "The villagers plow the land so loosely that you sink three times with each step, and the drop in the gullies is more than 10 meters." The young team member Ma Yani (马亚妮) has a deep impression of this, as it was the first cultural relic site she participated in investigating.
The Anding District (安定区) "Fourth Census" surveyed a total of 71 prehistoric settlement sites, most of which have an area of more than 200,000 square meters. Such trekking surveys are the daily routine of the census team.
"Footwork" is not achieved overnight. The cultural and museum workers in Anding District (安定区) had already been persistently tracking and studying the announced sites during work breaks before the "Fourth Census" was launched, promptly collecting and verifying new cultural relic clues, with an average of more than 70 days of field surveys each year.
"To go far in cultural relic census, you must also see accurately." Yang Keming (杨克明), the technical leader of the census team, has more than 30 years of experience in cultural and museum work. He said that in the investigation of sites, it is necessary to discover cultural remains from inconspicuous details and to be able to accurately judge the age and value of cultural relics, all relying on the usual "eyesight" training. The team members read archaeological professional books, study the characteristics of cultural relics from different periods, repeatedly observe the museum's collection of cultural relics, remember the characteristics of various objects, and accumulate practical experience.
The application of technological means has given the census team's "eyesight" wings. In recent years, during the verification of wind power projects, we discovered multiple suspected fortress traces through satellite maps. The main reason they were not discovered before is that these fortresses are from an early age, the walls are severely weathered and peeled off, and they are very different from the "fortresses" recognized by local residents. With the help of high-definition satellite maps, the census team newly discovered 19 fortress sites, effectively ensuring the coverage of the census.
Cultural relic census is not only about discovery and recording, but more importantly, interpretation and research, which requires strong "brainpower" support. In the "Fourth Census" investigation, Anding District (安定区) newly discovered 21 fortresses and city sites. "What era are these fortresses from? Why are the architectural forms so diverse? What are their uses?" With these questions, the team members consulted a large number of historical materials such as the *Dingxi County Chronicle* (*定西县志*) and visited many local elderly people, initially determining that these fortresses were mainly concentrated in the Ming Dynasty (明代) and the late Qing Dynasty (清代) and early Republic of China (民初). The census team also combined the sorting and classification of the fortress forms to summarize and form a set of criteria applicable to the dating of similar sites in Anding (安定) and surrounding areas.
"Only by placing cultural relics in a specific historical context and analyzing them in combination with the local topography, landforms, and cultural environment can we truly understand their value, thereby gaining a glimpse into the social environment and living conditions of that period," said Lang Rui (郎睿), the captain of the census team. In the census work, the team members connected the scattered fortresses to form a relatively complete context, such as: most of the Ming Dynasty (明代) fortresses were built on remote, open mountain peaks, which should be to ensure the safety of the official road; most of the late Qing Dynasty (清代) fortresses were built closer to residential areas but in easily defended and difficult to attack places, and their main function should be to defend against bandits.
The results of the cultural relic census must ultimately be presented through text and data, and the strength of the "writing ability" is directly related to the quality of the census. At the field survey site, the team members' recording work begins when they arrive at the site. They not only enter data on-site on electronic devices, but also carry paper-based work logs to record detailed information such as the name, location, age, and area of the site. After each field survey, the team members also have to screen, number, and name the photos taken, and enter the collected specimen information into the database.
The census is not the end, but the beginning. Walking through mountains and rivers, writing the cultural relic inventory, the "Fourth Census" people enjoy it.
(Author's unit: Anding District Museum (安定区博物馆), Dingxi City (定西市), Gansu Province (甘肃省))
Return to TopBy: 章晓勤（安徽省铜陵市）
My colleague Wang Yuanguang (汪元广) has won another award. In the Anhui Province (安徽省) Primary and Secondary School Students' Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture Inheritance Achievement Special Performance, the program he adapted and created based on Tongling Cattle Song won the first prize. Talking about this award, he said that it is mainly attributed to Tongling Cattle Song.
Tongling Cattle Song is a folk ballad popular in the Tongling (铜陵) area of Jiangnan (江南). Cowherds ride cows to the fields and lake beaches to graze, gathering in groups of three or five, calling friends and inviting companions, using songs to express life and express emotions, and gradually forming the Tongling Cattle Song with unique local characteristics. With its beautiful melody, vivid, humorous and humorous lyrics, Tongling Cattle Song is full of the atmosphere of the countryside. Since being included in the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage list in Anhui Province (安徽省) in 2006, Tongling Cattle Song has been sung from the countryside to the community, from the classroom to the theater...
I like to appreciate Teacher Wang's (汪老师) Tongling Cattle Song in his Moments. The piano accompanies the bamboo flute, and the prelude is like clear spring water sliding past my ears, and the children's voices sound: "We go to herd cattle, the red sun shines overhead, it's so warm, the cattle are eating grass, let's sing to each other..."
Laozhou Township (老洲乡), Yi'an District (义安区), Tongling City (铜陵市) is the place where Tongling Cattle Song is passed down. Almost all men, women and children here can sing Cattle Song, and Cattle Song has become a compulsory course in primary and secondary schools. On the big screen of the village history museum in Guanghui Village (光辉村), Laozhou Township (老洲乡), Wang Xiaomei's (王小梅), a representative inheritor of Tongling Cattle Song, original ecological singing attracts many tourists. Musicians represented by Wang Yujun (王育君) and Qian Jun (钱君), the new generation of Tongling Cattle Song inheritors and singers, are making Tongling Cattle Song sung further and further. There are also many people like Teacher Wang (汪老师) who are also making their own contributions to the inheritance of Tongling Cattle Song.
Return to TopBy: 曹 劲
More than 80 years ago, at the most critical moment for the Chinese nation, in addition to the bloody battles on the front lines, there was also a "battlefield without gunpowder smoke." When the flames of war approached, many colleges and universities could not hold on to their homelands and embarked on a journey of migration, persisting in running schools during the War of Resistance.
Among the universities in South China, the National Sun Yat-sen University (国立中山大学) (now Sun Yat-sen University (中山大学)) moved the farthest. This highest institution of higher learning in South China, founded by Sun Yat-sen (孙中山) himself, urgently evacuated before the fall of Guangzhou (广州) in October 1938, briefly lingered in Luoding (罗定) in western Guangdong (粤西), and then moved west to Chengjiang (澄江), Yunnan (云南). After running schools in the rear for more than a year, in the autumn of 1940, thousands of teachers and students returned to Guangdong (广东) by both land and water due to the needs of wartime higher education in Guangdong. The most tortuous relocation experience was that of Guangdong Provincial College of Arts and Sciences (广东省立文理学院). Its predecessor was Guangdong Provincial Xiangqin University Normal College (广东省立勷勤大学师范学院). It was reorganized and became independent during the relocation process, resuming classes successively in Wuzhou (梧州), Tengxian (藤县), and Rongxian (融县) in Guangxi (广西), and Ruyuan (乳源), Lianxian (连县), and Luoding (罗定) in Guangdong (广东), until the victory of the War of Resistance, experiencing "nine relocations in ten years."
More South China universities moved back and forth between Guangdong (粤), Hong Kong (港), and Macao (澳). Due to geographical proximity and cultural homogeneity, the three places have always had close educational ties. Before the war, it was very common for students from Hong Kong and Macao to study in Guangzhou (广州). After Guangzhou (广州) began to be bombed, a large number of Hong Kong and Macao students returned home to take refuge. In order to facilitate these students' studies and to create a more stable educational environment, many Guangzhou (广州) universities moved to Hong Kong and Macao.
Lingnan University (岭南大学), a private university, received strong support from the University of Hong Kong (香港大学). Students from the two schools used the classrooms and laboratories of the University of Hong Kong (香港大学) at different times, audited each other's courses, shared library documents, and held cultural and sports activities together. Private Guangzhou University (私立广州大学), Guangdong National University (广东国民大学), and Peizheng (培正), Peidao (培道), Zhenguang (真光), Peiying (培英), and Jiaozhong (教忠) middle schools, and other universities and middle schools, opened branch campuses in Hong Kong and Macao to receive local students. The influx of mainland universities also enriched the educational resources of Hong Kong and Macao at that time.
In December 1941, the Pacific War broke out, and Hong Kong (香港) quickly fell, forcing universities to close and campuses to be occupied. Macao (澳门), which was not directly affected by the war, also struggled due to the blockade of supplies. Guangdong (广东) universities that had moved to Hong Kong and Macao returned to the mainland again. At the same time, more than 20 universities and colleges in Hong Kong and Macao, such as Nanhua College (南华学院), Hong Kong Tak Ming Secondary School (香港德明中学), and Macau Yu Fen Middle School (澳门雨芬中学), as well as hundreds of students from the University of Hong Kong (香港大学), Hong Kong Robert Black College of Education (香港罗富国师范学院), and other universities, also returned to the mainland to resume classes. The Guangdong (广东) Provincial Department of Education at that time issued a series of relief measures, and the schools also tried their best to accommodate them.
Pingshi (坪石) is a small town in the mountainous area of Lechang (乐昌), Shaoguan (韶关), Guangdong (广东). It is located at the junction of Hunan (湘) and Guangdong (粤) provinces, along the Yuehan Railway (粤汉铁路), with the Wushui River (武水) flowing through it. National Sun Yat-sen University (国立中山大学) settled here after returning from Yunnan (云南). The various colleges were scattered in the mountain villages on both sides of the Wujiang River (武江), surrounded by mountains and rivers. The large campus spanned two provinces and three counties. Nearby were also Lingnan University (岭南大学) Agricultural College, Peizheng Peidao Middle School (培正培道中学) Joint School, China Cultural College (中华文化学院), and National Overseas Chinese Third Middle School (国立侨三中). From 1940 to 1944, thousands of teachers and students studied and lived here.
During the wartime conditions, teachers and students settled in village residences, ancestral halls, and simple school buildings with drafts on all sides, and studied and prepared lessons under oil lamps emitting black smoke. However, the "wartime classrooms" in the mountain villages were full of masters. Wang Yanan (王亚南) and Guo Dali (郭大力), the translators of the earliest Chinese full translation of *Das Kapital*, taught at National Sun Yat-sen University (国立中山大学) and Guangdong Provincial College of Arts and Sciences (广东省立文理学院) respectively, bringing Marxism into the classrooms of northern Guangdong (粤北). A series of papers published by Wang Yanan (王亚南) during this period were collected into a book entitled *The Original Theory of Chinese Economy*. In Tangkou Village (塘口村), where the College of Science of Sun Yat-sen University (中山大学) was located, Lu Hefu (卢鹤绂) lectured students on nuclear physics and quantum mechanics in English in a small temple, and wrote the paper *The Potential Energy and Utilization of Heavy Nuclei* under the dim oil lamp, comprehensively introducing the principle of nuclear fission and predicting the potential for large-scale utilization of atomic energy. This young man, who quickly returned to his motherland to teach after obtaining a doctorate in the United States, made outstanding contributions to China's nuclear physics cause in the future.
This period of running schools amidst the flames of war in South China's education during the War of Resistance left a rich legacy. In 2019, Guangdong Province (广东省) took the lead in conducting targeted and large-scale investigations of the old sites of wartime schooling in South China in the protection of the Ancient Post Roads of Southern Guangdong (南粤古驿道). Workers excavated in old paper piles, trekked in the countryside, and inquired from the villagers to find the locations where the stories took place. The old sites of schooling with important value were protected and repaired, memorial parks were built, and then, through planning and design, many nodes were strung together to integrate natural geography and human history resources to build a research base for the history of education in South China. Research bases in Shaoguan (韶关), Qingyuan (清远), Yunfu (云浮), and Meizhou (梅州) have taken shape, welcoming various colleges, institutions, and social tourists from the Greater Bay Area (大湾区). People come here to reminisce about the history of the schools and their predecessors, and to personally feel the encouragement of the spirit of their predecessors in the places where history happened.
With the in-depth research of Guangdong Province (广东省) on the history of wartime schooling in South China and the protection and utilization of cultural heritage such as the old sites of wartime schooling, this profound history is receiving more widespread attention.
(Author's affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology (广东省文物考古研究院))
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