Summary: The People's Liberation Army (PLA) has published and distributed "An Introduction to Xi Jinping's Thinking on Strengthening the Military," a comprehensive textbook meant to promote Xi's military thought within the armed forces. The textbook is intended to be an authoritative resource for political theory courses in military academies, aiming to instill the "Two Establishes" and strengthen loyalty to the Party. The textbook covers the latest developments in the Party's military guidance theory and the achievements and changes led by Xi Jinping's military thinking. It will guide the military in achieving the goals for the PLA's centennial and building a world-class military. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article reports on the progress of the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River, noting a recovery in aquatic life and biodiversity, including the increasing population of Yangtze finless porpoises and the return of certain fish species. It details efforts to restore aquatic habitats and protect endangered species through artificial breeding and release programs. The article also emphasizes the importance of ensuring alternative livelihoods for former fishermen, with measures like skills training and job creation. It addresses the need for coordinated efforts across the Yangtze River basin to improve biodiversity and ecosystem health, noting that while the numbers of fish have gone up, species diversity still requires attention. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The State Council executive meeting, presided over by Premier Li Qiang, addressed a report on high-quality development inspections. The meeting focused on promoting basic medical insurance at the provincial level, aiming to improve the overall medical insurance system. Additionally, the meeting reviewed and passed the draft regulations on promoting national reading. Finally, the meeting discussed revisions to the Law on Certified Public Accountants to strengthen industry regulation and promote ethical conduct. The meeting did not appear to discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The Guoyuan Port in Chongqing, visited by Xi Jinping in 2016, has transformed into a major multimodal transportation hub, facilitating trade with over 300 ports in more than 100 countries. Chongqing's automotive industry benefits from streamlined export processes via the port, including a new "Chongqing Vehicle Export" model that reduces logistics time and costs. The port serves as a key node in the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor, connecting various regions of western China with Southeast Asia, and also connects to Europe via the China-Europe Railway Express. Through smart port initiatives like remote-controlled cranes and unmanned trucks, Guoyuan Port has increased efficiency and reduced costs, improving its capabilities as a center for international trade. There is no mention of the United States in this article.
Summary: The article reports on Jiaozuo city's efforts to transform its economy, focusing on technological innovation and the development of "new quality productive forces" as emphasized by Xi Jinping. Jiaozuo has been upgrading traditional industries like coal through technological transformation and fostering emerging industries such as new energy batteries and biomedicine. The city has also established pilot test bases to attract and retain scientific research outcomes, creating industrial clusters. Jiaozuo city has reduced its reliance on the coal industry from 81.7% to 5.2% of its total industrial output, with new materials emerging as one of its pillar industries. Li Yibo, Secretary of the Jiaozuo Municipal Party Committee, stated the city will adhere to innovation to improve existing industries and develop new strategic ones.
Summary: The Tianjin-Weifang high-speed railway's critical Haihe River tunnel was successfully completed on November 27th, paving the way for the line's on-schedule opening. The 348.9 km line, designed for speeds of 350 km/h, connects Beijing and Tianjin with the Jinan-Qingdao line. The Haihe tunnel is the only tunnel on the line. The article reported that the construction of the tunnel was a key control aspect of the construction project. A photo of the tunnel construction site was included.
Summary: This article compilation covers several topics: an investigation into the "12356" psychological assistance hotline, discussion of preventing the misuse of artificial intelligence technologies through coordinated governance, and promoting modern civilization in rural areas. The section on AI focuses on multi-pronged approaches and joint governance to prevent abuse. The article does not appear to make reference to the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: In a message to the UN's "International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People," Xi Jinping reiterated China's consistent support for the Palestinian cause, emphasizing that the issue is central to the Middle East, impacts international fairness, and affects regional stability. Arab state figures interviewed by *People's Daily* praised China's role in promoting Palestinian unity and seeking a comprehensive resolution to the conflict. They highlighted Xi's global governance initiatives as offering solutions to complex conflicts and contributing to a more just global order. Interviewees anticipate the upcoming second China-Arab States Summit will further strengthen mutual trust and cooperation, contributing to regional peace and shared prosperity.
Summary: The 2025 Kuling Forum was held in New York, commemorating the joint efforts of China and the U.S. during WWII and promoting people-to-people exchanges through the "Kuling Story." Xi Jinping has promoted U.S.-China friendship through the Kuling story, including sending congratulatory letters to related forums and youth exchange weeks. The article emphasizes that U.S.-China relations are rooted in the people and sees the future in youth, highlighting the "5-year, 50,000 youth" exchange program. The article notes that U.S. public opinion toward China is improving, and it states that both countries should create platforms for deeper cultural understanding.
Summary: According to an interview with Singapore National University Business School's Governance and Sustainability Institute Director Lu Yaoqun, the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) 3.0 is poised to be a model free trade framework, especially amidst global economic fragmentation. Lu emphasized CAFTA 3.0's adaptability and the consensus between China and ASEAN, highlighting its potential to drive economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond by focusing on the digital and green economies. He believes CAFTA 3.0 can complement the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to deepen regional production network integration. Lu also lauded China's role in regional governance, suggesting it could act as a "double anchor" for both CAFTA 3.0 and RCEP, facilitating deeper integration.
Summary: Wang Yi, Director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, spoke with French Diplomatic Advisor Emmanuel Bonne, emphasizing the need for China and France to strengthen strategic coordination amidst global instability. Wang called on France to encourage the EU to adopt a rational China policy, resolve trade disputes through dialogue, and maintain the fundamental positioning of partnership. He also reiterated China's position on Taiwan, criticizing Japan's leader's statements and urging France to uphold the One China Principle. Bonne affirmed President Macron's anticipation of visiting China to strengthen relations and address global crises, while also conveying France's commitment to the One China Policy and its willingness to promote EU-China dialogue.
Summary: The seventh Sino-French Cultural Forum, co-sponsored by the Western Returned Scholars Association and the France China Foundation, convened in Changsha, Hunan, focusing on cultural exchange and mutual learning. Former French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin emphasized the importance of Franco-Chinese dialogue in a world filled with uncertainty, highlighting cultural diversity as the foundation for exchange and innovation. French senators Catherine Dumas, Marie-Do Aeschelimann, and France China Foundation Director General Emmanuelle Peres also attended and spoke on topics such as the importance of cultural cooperation. Participants called for enhanced cooperation in cultural heritage preservation and greater understanding of Chinese culture among French youth. The forum featured various cultural activities, including displays of Hunan intangible cultural heritage and a Sino-French cuisine week.
Summary: The article criticizes Japanese Prime Minister Takaichi Sanae for recent remarks suggesting potential military intervention in the Taiwan Strait, framing them as a serious provocation against China's sovereignty and territorial integrity. It asserts that her statements interfere in China's internal affairs, violate international norms, and send the wrong signal to "Taiwan independence" forces. The piece further accuses Takaichi of revising history, reviving militarism, and misleading the Japanese people. It also claims her actions threaten regional peace and stability and undermine the post-World War II international order, citing international criticism, including statements from Russia, in opposition to her stance.
Summary: A delegation of 27 participants from ASEAN countries attended a rural development seminar in Guangxi, sponsored by China's Ministry of Commerce, to study China's agricultural advancements. The participants visited agricultural sites in Guangxi and Guizhou, observing smart agriculture technologies like automated mushroom harvesting and agricultural tourism initiatives in relocated communities. ASEAN participants expressed interest in adopting China's smart agriculture technologies and rural development strategies to boost their own agricultural sectors and integrate cultural elements into rural development. Brunei's representative, Abed Malik, expressed his intention to conduct valuable cooperation with China. The Cambodian representative, Kin Sovanny, said the smart agriculture technologies of China are a good reference.
Summary: Chen Wenqing, Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission (PLAC), chaired a PLAC meeting to study Xi Jinping's instructions on comprehensively advancing the rule of law. The meeting emphasized the importance of aligning law with reform, development, and stability, and of comprehensively advancing the rule of law in all aspects of the country's work. Focus was placed on promoting social fairness and justice, strengthening legal supervision and foreign-related rule of law. Wang Xiaohong, Zhang Jun, and Ying Yong were reported to have attended the meeting.
Summary: According to Minister of Veterans Affairs, Pei Jinjia, the "three systems" for veteran affairs have been gradually improved during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with achievements in organizational management, work operation, and policy systems. Pei Jinjia emphasized the importance of promoting high-quality employment for veterans, improving the service and support system, and consolidating military-government and military-civilian unity. He mentioned optimizing education and training for veterans, deepening employment services, and strengthening entrepreneurial support. The ministry aims to improve the support system at service centers, increase service supply, and strengthen assistance for veterans in need.
Summary: The Chinese robotics industry saw significant growth during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, with revenues doubling between 2020 and 2024 and exports exceeding the total for the previous year in the first three quarters of 2024 alone. Domestic market share of indigenous industrial robots increased substantially, and advancements were made in key components, reducing reliance on imports. Industrial robot density in manufacturing jumped to third globally, with the total number of robots in operation exceeding 2 million. Future development will focus on AI integration and specialization.
Summary: China remains the world's largest market for industrial robots for the 12th consecutive year, achieving qualitative improvements alongside quantitative growth. Domestic robot manufacturers are increasing production of advanced robots with higher payloads and longer operational lifespans, though reliance on imported high-end components and software persists. The industry is striving for greater ease of use, intelligence, and accumulation of application experience and high-quality data in high-end applications. The focus is on developing intelligent, green, and integrated industrial robots in line with China's broader economic development goals. The article suggests that future development will see more human-machine collaboration and support the cultivation of new quality productive forces.
Summary: As of November 27th, the China-Europe Railway Express via the Manchuria Railway Port, a key component of the "Eastern Corridor," has surpassed 20 million tons of cargo, a 0.3% year-on-year increase and a record high. This milestone highlights the continued growth of trade routes connecting China and Europe, with the China-Europe Railway Express playing a vital role. The provided picture shows the train preparing to depart from Manzhouli Station. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in the provided article.
Summary: The Guoyuan Port in Chongqing, visited by Xi Jinping in 2016, has developed into a major multimodal transportation hub, driving the opening and development of Chongqing and western China. A new "smart supervision" model has accelerated automobile exports, reducing logistics time and costs. The port facilitates trade routes connecting Yunnan, Guizhou, and other regions to Southeast Asia and Europe via rail and sea. Through smart port construction, including remote control systems and unmanned vehicles, the port has increased efficiency and reduced logistics costs.
Summary: Xie Yuansheng, Vice Minister of Industry and Information Technology, highlighted the structural mismatch between supply and demand in certain consumer goods sectors at a State Council Information Office press conference. Xie introduced a new plan aimed at fostering innovation, expanding product offerings, and better matching consumer needs by 2027, potentially creating trillions of yuan in new markets. He was accompanied by other officials from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the State Administration for Market Regulation. The plan aims to increase the contribution of consumption to economic growth, with a focus on technology integration and developing new consumer scenarios.
Summary: Following a level-five fire in Hong Kong's Tai Po district, Xi Jinping conveyed condolences to the victims and instructed the central government to support the Hong Kong SAR government in rescue, treatment, and aftermath efforts. Chief Executive Lee Ka-chiu expressed gratitude for Xi's concern and the central government's support. Investigations are underway regarding the building's materials and potential negligence, with three arrests made for suspected manslaughter. Mainland and Macau entities, including the Red Cross Society of China, have provided financial and material aid, while China-backed enterprises in Hong Kong are offering essential supplies and accommodation.
Summary: The article discusses Jiaozuo city's efforts in industrial transformation and upgrading, guided by Xi Jinping's emphasis on technological innovation and developing new productive forces. Jiaozuo is promoting the upgrading of traditional industries and fostering emerging industries by building pilot test bases to attract scientific research achievements, reforming the science and technology innovation mechanism, and cultivating a tiered cultivation mechanism for technology-based enterprises. The city has focused on developing lithium, sodium, hydrogen, and vanadium batteries, as well as new materials, green food, and high-end equipment manufacturing. Jiaozuo Party Secretary Li Yibo stated the city will accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and vigorously develop strategic emerging industries.
Summary: The Xi'an-Shiyan high-speed railway, a key component of China's national high-speed rail network, completed its track laying on November 27th with the final rails placed on the Shinding River Grand Bridge in Hubei. The 255.7 km line, designed for speeds of 350 km/h, is now ready for testing and commissioning. The project is expected to improve connectivity and facilitate economic development in the region. The Xinhua News Agency reported on the construction site with a photo. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article discusses the progress of the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River, highlighting the increase in aquatic life resources and biodiversity, including the rebound of the Yangtze finless porpoise population. Efforts to restore aquatic habitats and protect species throughout their life cycles are also noted. The article emphasizes ensuring the livelihoods of relocated fishermen through various means such as skills training and the development of new industries. It calls for strengthened coordination across the Yangtze River basin, including addressing the impact of climate change and ensuring the river's ecosystem achieves comprehensive restoration, moving beyond simply having "more fish". The article does not mention the United States or U.S. China relations.
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Summary: This article emphasizes China's success in poverty reduction and its commitment to ensuring no one is left behind in the pursuit of common prosperity, highlighting Xi Jinping's personal concern for those in less developed areas, exemplified by his visit to Meizhou. The piece argues that China's anti-poverty theory and practices offer valuable lessons for other nations and have contributed significantly to global poverty reduction efforts, exceeding the UN's 2030 goals. It credits the Party's leadership, the mobilization of resources, and the dedication of officials at all levels for achieving this success. The article suggests that this focus on poverty alleviation will continue to be a priority in the "Fifteenth Five-Year Plan." There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article highlights China's progress in automotive technology, emphasizing the shift from isolated advancements to systematic innovation across the industry. It notes a transition from imitation to independent development, exemplified by breakthroughs in hybrid technology and intelligent systems tailored to the Chinese market. The author, an academic at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, emphasizes that innovations such as Hi4 technology are driven by market demand and rapid productization, contributing to high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. The author also states that the technology from China is applicable to the world, bringing greener options. The article connects technological advancement to the broader national goal of achieving a strong automotive industry and contributing to China's modernization.
Summary: This article is written from the perspective of a postal worker in Anqing, Anhui province, who delivers packages in both urban and rural areas. The postal worker emphasizes the importance of their role in connecting urban and rural areas, particularly in facilitating the delivery of agricultural products to cities and resources to villages, contributing to rural revitalization. The author highlights the improvements in the postal system, such as smart sorting and delivery, and the establishment of stations for outdoor workers, reflecting the progress of the times. The postal worker expresses a commitment to improving their services and contributing to the shared prosperity of the country. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The notice "On Improving the Duty-Free Shop Policy to Support Boosting Consumption" has been issued to promote the healthy development of duty-free retail as inbound and outbound tourism booms. The policy involves expanding the variety of goods sold and streamlining approval authority. It is expected to better meet the diverse shopping needs of travelers and further stimulate consumption potential.
Summary: Several Chinese newspapers are rebranding or launching publications targeting young readers, bucking the trend of declining print media. This expansion highlights the responsibility of media to provide value-driven content that nurtures young minds. Success in the "teen newspaper" market hinges on balancing innovation with upholding ethical standards and providing positive guidance. These publications aim to offer genuine expression, cultivate positive values, and stimulate independent thinking, serving as companions and guides for young people's growth. Ultimately, the value of these publications lies in prioritizing youth development over purely market-driven goals.
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of focus and long-term commitment for development, using examples such as Shanghai's integrated circuit industry and the Yangtze River Delta's integration efforts. It argues that regions should avoid narrow-mindedness and instead prioritize collaboration for mutual benefit. The piece stresses the crucial role of party cadres in maintaining focus and perseverance to achieve developmental goals. No mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations was present.
Summary: This article is a call for submissions to various opinion and commentary sections of the People's Daily. It solicits contributions for sections like "Everyone's Opinion," "Heartwarming News and Hot Reviews," "The Chinese Road and the Chinese Dream," and "Incoming Articles." The piece emphasizes that submissions should be original and not sent to multiple publications simultaneously. The email address for submissions is provided. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
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Summary: The article reports on the completion of the main structure of the Yanqi Yangtze River Bridge, a record-breaking suspension bridge designed with innovative techniques to address aviation limitations and structural challenges. The bridge utilizes a new generation of intelligent tower building machines to improve construction efficiency and quality. Once open, the bridge will connect Ezhou and Huanggang and integrate with the Ezhou Huahu International Airport to create a comprehensive logistics hub. The article emphasizes the spirit of innovation and self-reliance in Chinese bridge construction, which has led to the development of advanced equipment and techniques. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The third National Human Resources Service Industry Development Conference, co-hosted by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Hubei Provincial Government, will be held in Wuhan from November 28th to 29th. The conference aims to promote high-quality, full employment and strengthen human resource development. With the theme of "Shaping Modern Human Resources and Promoting High-Quality and Full Employment," the event will include discussions, exhibitions, and job fairs. Over 40,000 high-quality positions will be offered, targeting university graduates and overseas students, with a focus on industries like advanced manufacturing and optoelectronic information. The conference aims to boost the human resources industry which consists of over 70,000 institutions employing over a million people.
Summary: A "production research clinic" program in Chongren County, Jiangxi Province, facilitates technological upgrades for local companies by connecting them with expert teams from universities. Companies can submit their technical needs, and doctoral teams provide customized solutions. The program aims to attract high-end talent and promote the integration of industry, academia, and research. According to Zhou Jianzhang, Standing Committee Member of the Chongren County Party Committee and Minister of the Organization Department, the county will continue to improve talent introduction and training mechanisms. The article makes no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Despite a physical disability, Zeng Bing established a successful gardening base in Yuanjiang, Hunan, employing over 20 people with disabilities. He provides them with jobs and teaches them professional skills. Zeng's base is now a demonstration site for assisting disabled families, supporting 18 households under the guidance of Yuanjiang Disabled Persons' Federation. Zeng aims to further expand opportunities for disabled individuals to achieve prosperity.
Summary: Chunhua County in Shaanxi Province is focusing on high-quality development by upgrading industries like apple and buckwheat production, attracting investment, and improving infrastructure. The county is developing its economy through industrial parks, technology platforms with support from Xi'an Jiaotong University, and favorable policies for businesses. China Bank is supporting Chunhua's development through financial support for branding, market expansion, and expert consultation, as well as rural revitalization efforts. The county is also focused on improving public services and increasing rural incomes.
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Summary: A State Council Information Office white paper outlines China's policies and practices on arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation in the "new era" under Xi Jinping Thought. The paper emphasizes China's commitment to multilateralism and its constructive role in international arms control, including in emerging fields like outer space, cyber, and AI. China advocates for a global governance system in these new domains that includes developing countries. The white paper stresses China's dedication to world peace, global development, and maintaining the international order, particularly within the UN framework. The document does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The Harbin Ice and Snow World fair has begun construction for its 27th iteration, focusing on integrating Heilongjiang culture and technology into its ice and snow attractions. The park has expanded to 1.2 million square meters with new international performances, themed parades, and activities, all to meet the various needs of tourists. According to the head of research and development, the fair contributed approximately 3 billion yuan in revenue, nearly 500 million yuan in taxes, and over 100,000 jobs since 2013. Future plans include further digitalization, diverse activities, and international collaboration to enhance its brand. The article also discusses the need to increase the supply of tourism products.
Summary: Poly Developments Holding Group's "Harmony China" program in 2025 focuses on preserving and promoting traditional Chinese arts and crafts ("non-material cultural heritage"). The program includes events like demonstrations by artisans in residential communities and online videos showcasing their skills. Poly Development aims to integrate these traditional elements into their product design and community construction, transforming themselves into "lifestyle definers." They have hosted cultural events in over 100 cities, reaching over 3 million people. Zhang Fangbin, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Poly Development, stated the company's commitment to promoting cultural confidence and strengthening socialist culture.
Summary: Hangzhou's Gongshu District is deepening education reform by building a "Grand Canal culture"-based education system to cultivate well-rounded students. The district is innovating class governance through a "one class, two committees" system and promoting collaborative education among families, schools, and communities. It also promotes all-round education, implements a three-year action plan for science education in primary and secondary schools, and creates new learning spaces. Furthermore, Gongshu is building a "Grand Canal ideological and political education" brand to integrate the canal's cultural resources into the education system.
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Summary: The 24th China Shanghai International Arts Festival concluded with a performance by the Italian Santa Cecilia Orchestra under conductor Daniel Harding, attracting artists from over 80 countries and regions and over 14 million online and offline viewers. The festival featured 55 main stage performances with a total box office of nearly 66 million yuan, showcasing both international and local talent and fostering international artistic exchange through events like the Silk Road International Arts Festival Alliance. The festival also promoted regional collaboration within China, specifically highlighting cultural exchanges between the Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The festival embraced new technologies like AI in artistic creation and supported young artists, aiming to establish Shanghai as a leading hub for performing arts. There was a focus on promoting cultural exchanges through the arts; there was no mention of the United States in the article.
Summary: The article emphasizes Xi Jinping's commitment to boosting domestic demand (内需) in China as a long-term strategy for economic stability and security, especially during the 15th Five-Year Plan. Since the 18th Party Congress, China has seen significant achievements in expanding domestic demand, with consumption and investment becoming key drivers of economic growth. To further boost domestic demand, the article suggests promoting consumption, expanding effective investment, implementing major projects, and promoting a unified national market. The article notes that external challenges and the evolution of the global economic landscape make the expansion of domestic demand a strategic imperative for China's continued growth and resilience. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of cultivating a strong spirit of dedication and hard work among Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials to advance socialist modernization. It stresses the need for officials to establish a correct view of achievement, focusing on serving the people and avoiding superficial projects. The article highlights the significance of a strong sense of responsibility and commitment to the Party's cause, urging cadres to dedicate themselves wholeheartedly to their work. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of execution and implementation, encouraging officials to be proactive, resilient, and committed to achieving tangible results. The piece calls on cadres to enhance their spirit of enterprise, build a new historical feat, and create new and greater glories.
Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of cultural preservation and development in building "civilized cities" in China, aligning with Xi Jinping's directives. It highlights the need to protect and utilize historical and cultural heritage, manage urban landscapes to avoid uniformity, and enhance the city's cultural "soft power." The author calls for integrating socialist core values and urban spirit into city building and management to foster a sense of belonging among citizens. The goal is to achieve high-quality urban development that harmonizes material and spiritual civilization. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: According to the article, China's financial system is vital for national economic strength and the construction of Chinese-style modernization, and Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of finance in national affairs, particularly in promoting technological, green, inclusive, elderly care, and digital finance. The article details policies and achievements in these five key areas, including the establishment of special re-lending programs and the promotion of innovative financial products. It stresses the need to continue improving financial support for technological innovation, green transformation, and inclusive finance, including for small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as providing better financial services for the elderly, and it also highlighted the continued expansion of digital finance. The article champions continued development of these areas in order to support China's national goals. The article did not make any mention of the United States.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to provide an accurate and useful summary for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
Summary: This article outlines the history and future aspirations of Xiamen International Bank, highlighting its role as China's first Sino-foreign joint venture bank in 1985. It emphasizes the bank's evolution, including becoming a fully Chinese-funded city commercial bank in 2013 and its strategic expansion into Hong Kong and Macau with the acquisition of Jiyu Bank in 2017. By 2021, the bank's total assets exceeded one trillion yuan. The article envisions the bank becoming a trillion-level international city commercial bank by 2025, serving the global Chinese diaspora. There is no reference to the United States or U.S.-China relations in the article.
Summary: The 2025 Social Governance and Collaborative Innovation Urban High-Quality Development Conference and the 5th Town Mayor Forum was held in Shenzhen, focusing on building innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, civilized, and intelligent modern cities. Poly Property is upgrading its "holistic service model" to meet urban development needs, providing solutions for collaborative urban governance, and redefining the role of property service companies in urban governance. The forum, organized by Poly Property, aimed to gather insights and explore optimal solutions for social governance and collaborative innovation, focusing on grassroots governance. The conference showcased achievements in municipal environment and technology, and offered immersive experiences. The forum did not touch on U.S. China relations.
Summary: The article discusses the establishment and operation of China's unified national mental health hotline, "12356," also known as the "It's Okay" hotline, detailing its implementation in Beijing and its nationwide expansion. It highlights the challenges and strategies for providing effective psychological support through the hotline, including training for operators, collaboration with police for high-risk cases, and the use of intelligent management platforms. The article also mentions the high call volume and the need to address issues like staffing shortages and nuisance calls. The Beijing Health Commission Director Liu Juncai believes that this is conducive to strengthening the construction of a social psychological service system and cultivating a rational and peaceful social mentality.
Summary: This article, based on an interview with a professor from the Psychology Department of Beijing Normal University, discusses methods for managing stress and improving mental well-being. It advocates for techniques like emotional regulation through breathing exercises and mindfulness, cognitive adjustments by focusing on gratitude and setting achievable goals, and self-improvement through time management and skill development. The article emphasizes seeking professional help if symptoms of stress become severe and impact daily life. There is no mention of the United States.
Summary: Beijing's "12356" psychological assistance hotline has received over 38,000 calls as of November 15th, due to its accessibility, confidentiality, and professionalism. Callers are anonymous, and the hotline is staffed with trained professionals capable of providing psychological support. The hotline aims to promote a healthy social mentality and has been integrated with other resources to provide more efficient and standardized services. The establishment of the "12356" psychological assistance hotline marks an important step in the construction of a social psychological service system. To improve the hotline, the article suggests the need for training, optimized staffing, and integration of volunteer workers.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to be able to provide an accurate and concise summary for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
Summary: China released a white paper outlining its positions on arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation, emphasizing its commitment to peaceful development and a defensive national defense policy. The paper criticizes "certain countries" for seeking absolute strategic advantage, engaging in military alliances, and deploying intermediate-range missiles in the Asia-Pacific, actions which China views as undermining regional security. China reiterates its "no first use" nuclear weapons policy and advocates for a global governance system in emerging areas like outer space, cyberspace, and AI military applications, with the UN playing a central role. The document also addresses China's concerns regarding U.S.-China relations as they pertain to arms control and non-proliferation efforts, and reiterates its commitment to promoting peaceful use of technology, particularly for developing countries. The paper also criticizes the US, UK, and Australia's nuclear submarine cooperation, as well as US "nuclear sharing" and "extended deterrence" policies.
Summary: This white paper outlines China's policies and practices on arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation in a complex international security landscape. China emphasizes its commitment to multilateralism and the UN framework, advocating for a "community of common destiny" in cyberspace and peaceful use of outer space, while opposing weaponization and military alliances there. The document expresses concerns about the erosion of international arms control treaties and criticizes certain countries (unnamed, but clearly referring to the U.S.) for pursuing absolute strategic advantage and undermining global strategic stability, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. China reiterates its defensive nuclear strategy, no-first-use policy, and commitment to maintaining its nuclear capabilities at the minimum level necessary for national security. Finally, the paper stresses the importance of preventing the weaponization of AI and promoting international cooperation on the peaceful use of technology, while criticizing the use of export controls as tools for "decoupling" and limiting the development of other countries.
Summary: The article discusses the misuse of AI, particularly deepfakes, for creating fake social media accounts and spreading misinformation, including fabricated news and celebrity endorsements, leading to potential financial losses for users. It highlights the "AI account farming" (AI 起号) industry, where AI is used to generate content, attract followers, and then sell the accounts for profit, often involving scams. The article mentions measures being taken to combat this, including platform monitoring, AI labeling requirements, and legal repercussions for those creating or spreading false information. Experts emphasize the need for platform accountability, stricter enforcement of regulations, and user awareness to combat AI-generated falsehoods, especially those that could be involved in fraud. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article highlights how the Agricultural Bank of China is providing financial support to rural areas in Xiangxi Prefecture, Hunan Province, to boost local industries like golden bullet cultivation, tea production, and tourism. Loans have supported individual farmers, tea factories, and tourism companies to expand operations and create jobs. The Xiangxi Furong Town Cultural Tourism Development Co. received a significant loan for upgrades to the Furong Town scenic area, including hotels and transportation infrastructure. This financial assistance is fostering economic growth and cultural preservation in the region, exemplified by the support for Miao embroidery businesses and training programs. The article does not discuss the United States.
Summary: The 2025 World Intelligent Manufacturing Conference opened in Nanjing, Jiangsu, on November 27th, focusing on "Digital Intelligence Driven, New Quality Leading." The conference includes exhibitions, activities, and forums to explore technological breakthroughs and industrial transformation. The World Intelligent Manufacturing Expo, held concurrently, features robotics, smart factories, industrial software, and intelligent equipment, with an international exhibition area attracting 456 companies from 21 countries. This is the 9th consecutive year the conference has been held in Nanjing, positioning it as a platform for global cooperation in intelligent manufacturing and showcasing Jiangsu's manufacturing achievements. The event aims to inject momentum into the high-quality development of global manufacturing.
Summary: Wenhsan Prefecture in Yunnan province has achieved rapid economic growth, ethnic unity, ecological improvement, and social stability by focusing on industrial upgrading and innovation-driven development. From 2021 to 2024, the region's GDP increased by an average of 6.3% annually, driven by green aluminum, traditional Chinese medicine, and tourism sectors. Infrastructure development includes advancements in transportation networks, water conservancy projects, and 5G coverage. The prefecture is enhancing people's livelihood through employment services, social welfare programs, and rural revitalization initiatives. Wenshan is also committed to ecological protection, with significant improvements in air and water quality.
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Summary: The article profiles the Linfen Red Ribbon School in Shanxi, China, the country's only full-time boarding school for children with HIV/AIDS, founded by Guo Xiaoping. The school provides education, medical care, and emotional support to children, many of whom are orphans, and has seen many graduates go on to work and start families, preventing the intergenerational transmission of HIV. The article highlights the challenges faced by the school, including securing funding and overcoming social stigma, but also celebrates its successes in enabling children with HIV/AIDS to lead normal lives. The article also mentions the international "AIDS Anti-Discrimination Lunch Day" that the school started. There is no mention of the United States.
Summary: Please provide the article you would like me to summarize. I need the text of the article to provide an accurate and relevant summary for professional analysts of Chinese politics.
Summary: Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of rural revitalization through promoting cultural and ethical advancement in rural areas, highlighting the integration of agricultural and urban civilization. The article discusses efforts in various regions to foster positive social norms, including the reduction of exorbitant betrothal gifts ("bride price") in Ningxia, where local initiatives combining community governance and incentives are transforming traditional customs. In Yan'an, Shaanxi province, the preservation and repurposing of ancient cave dwellings has boosted the local economy through "film-tourism integration". Furthermore, the grassroots "Village Basketball Association" (村BA) in Henan province has revitalized rural communities by meeting the cultural needs of villagers. The article did not mention the United States or any aspect of U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article emphasizes the importance of cultivating civilized rural customs as a vital link for the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. It highlights the need to mobilize the enthusiasm of the people and protect the roots of agricultural civilization. The piece advocates for promoting cultural confidence and facilitating the integration of urban and rural cultures through various initiatives, such as supporting rural cultural infrastructure and services. Ultimately, the goal is to enhance the spiritual and cultural landscape of rural areas and contribute to the overall modernization of China. The article does not contain discussion of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The 2025 National Grain, Oil, and Soybean Industry Expo was held in Changsha, Hunan Province, focusing on high-quality development of the grain and oil industry and national agricultural power. The expo emphasized increasing yields per unit area and featured specialized exhibition areas showcasing advancements in seeds, machinery, methods, and integrated water-fertilizer management. It showcased over 3,000 grain, oil, and soybean products across eight sections, including provincial-level grain and oil products, soybean industry development, and financial credit services. Over 1,000 companies participated, with 248,000 attendees, held concurrently with the 26th China Central (Hunan) Agricultural Expo.
Summary: The article reports on the ecological and social transformations in Uxin Banner, Inner Mongolia, focusing on the shift from desertification to increased forest cover and improved local livelihoods. It highlights initiatives such as a "horseback lake chief" patrolling lakes, ecological restoration efforts by farmers, and the adoption of more modest customs for celebrations and mourning. The adoption of "civilization points" has also incentivized community participation in maintaining civility. These changes have spurred tourism and increased local incomes, demonstrating a link between ecological and cultural progress. Uxin Banner Party Secretary Wang Xuefeng stated that these developments are mutually reinforcing, and good for both the environment and the people.
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Summary: A conference was held in Anshun, Guizhou province, focusing on the historical significance, contemporary value, and core essence of Tunbao culture, which originated from the Ming dynasty military settlements in Guizhou. Scholars emphasized the importance of understanding the local culture, preserving its unique aspects, and promoting its contemporary value through research, artistic creation, and integration with tourism. Speakers highlighted the role of Tunbao culture in promoting ethnic integration and contributing to a sense of national identity. Experts also discussed the need to engage younger generations in preserving and sharing Tunbao stories.
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Summary: The 12th National Excellent Children's Literature Awards were recently held in Changsha, Hunan, recognizing 18 outstanding works across various genres. The event highlighted the vibrant state of contemporary Chinese children's literature, emphasizing its role in shaping future generations and instilling cultural confidence. While acknowledging the significant growth and market presence of children's literature in China, the event also addressed existing challenges such as thematic homogeneity and the need for more engaging content for older children and adolescents. Overall, the awards underscore the importance of quality children's literature in fostering moral values, cultural identity, and a broader understanding of the world among young readers. There is no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations in this article.
Summary: Chinese animated films have seen growing success in recent years, showcasing artistic and commercial viability and shedding their image as a niche genre. These films draw heavily on traditional Chinese mythology like "Journey to the West" and "Nezha," resonating with contemporary audiences and revitalizing ancient stories. Animated movies have become a driver of the cultural industry, contributing significantly to the film market. The article emphasizes the importance of animation as a universal language for promoting Chinese culture globally and its potential for further growth. It calls for creators to explore diverse themes and leverage technology to enhance the industry's competitiveness.
Summary: The documentary "Literary Homeland" season two explores the influence of hometowns on six writers: Han Shaogong, Zhang Wei, Zhai Yongming, Ye Zhaoyan, Liu Liangcheng, and Mo Yan. The series focuses on the literary imagery and the creative processes behind their works, expanding beyond novels to include drama, poetry, and essays. It aims to capture the essence of literature by revisiting the authors' creative environments and highlighting the relationship between their personal experiences and their literary creations. The documentary emphasizes the universal themes of humanistic care and dedication to literature, transcending specific locales and time periods.
Summary: The second season of "Xin Minzu Wu Da Hui" (New National Dance Convention), a dance competition program produced by Xinjiang Broadcasting Television and the Xinjiang Dancers Association, has concluded. As a key project for "Cultural Xinjiang" under the Central Propaganda Department, the program aims to promote ethnic unity through dance by showcasing Xinjiang's beauty and culture. Contestants traveled to various locations in Xinjiang, incorporating the region's landscapes and history into their performances. The program blends traditional ethnic dance with modern elements and other art forms, aiming to create artistic samples promoting a shared Chinese national identity. The show employs various themes and incorporates elements of competition and storytelling, further enhancing the audience's experience.
Summary: The article discusses the success of the Chinese suspense drama "Die Trying" (命悬一生) for focusing on character development and motivations rather than solely on solving the mystery. It highlights the complex character of the male lead, Xu Qingli, and actor Huang Xuan's portrayal of his descent into moral ambiguity. The author argues that the drama's strength lies in its ability to reflect on life through the characters' choices and struggles.
Summary: A documentary director, Han Jinna, expressed surprise at the positive reception of anti-Japanese war documentaries among young people, noting that the films aim to bridge the gap between historical events and contemporary values. These documentaries employ detailed storytelling and focus on individual experiences during the war to resonate with younger audiences. Techniques like CG reconstruction and AI restoration are used to enhance the viewing experience and connect generations to historical moments. Young people are actively engaging with this history, using digital platforms to share and reinterpret the wartime experiences. The article emphasizes the enduring importance of preserving historical memory and passing on the spirit of the war to future generations.
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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 27th (Xinhua) To thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想), further promote Xi Jinping's Thought on Strengthening the Military (习近平强军思想) into textbooks, classrooms, and minds, and better cultivate morality and nurture people for combat readiness, the Political Work Department of the Central Military Commission (中央军委政治工作部) organized the compilation of "An Introduction to Xi Jinping's Thought on Strengthening the Military" (《习近平强军思想概论》, hereinafter referred to as "The Introduction"), which has been published and distributed by the People's Liberation Army Publishing House (解放军出版社).
"The Introduction" is a comprehensively and systematically expounded unified textbook on Xi Jinping's Thought on Strengthening the Military, an authoritative textbook for political theory courses in military academies, and an important achievement in promoting the systematic and rationalized research of the Party's military guidance theory in the new era. The compilation, publication, and use of "The Introduction" are of great significance for better using Xi Jinping's Thought on Strengthening the Military to cultivate people, guiding young officers and soldiers to deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishes" (两个确立), laying a solid ideological and political foundation for listening to the Party's command and striving to strengthen the military, and striving to become new people of the era who can shoulder the heavy responsibility of strengthening the military.
"The Introduction" consists of an introduction, 15 chapters of main content, and a conclusion, comprehensively reflecting the latest achievements in the innovative development of the Party's military guidance theory, especially the original contributions to the development of Marxist military theory, and reflecting the historic achievements and historic changes made under the guidance of Xi Jinping's Thought on Strengthening the Military in leading the practice of strengthening the military. "The Introduction" faithfully reflects the original works, original texts, and original meanings, highlights the teaching orientation and practical orientation, focuses on in-depth interpretation of principles, theories, and philosophies, and clarifies the deployment requirements for achieving the Party's goal of strengthening the military in the new era and comprehensively building the people's army into a world-class army, which helps to transform Xi Jinping's Thought on Strengthening the Military into a powerful force for winning the tough battle to achieve the centennial goal of army building and promoting the cause of strengthening the military in the new era.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 郁静娴
The Guxi River (姑溪河), a tributary of the Yangtze River (长江), is located in Dangtu County (当涂县), Ma'anshan City (马鞍山市), Anhui Province (安徽省). Cheng Youqing (程友清) and several other assistant patrol members carefully surveyed and recorded the area while riding a patrol boat.
"In winter, the water level is low, and the fish swim to deeper areas," said Cheng Youqing (程友清), turning his past fishing experience into a firm action to protect the Yangtze River (长江). Over the past three years, he has participated in the Yangtze River (长江) finless porpoise scientific expeditions organized by the Yangtze River Ecological Protection Foundation (长江生态保护基金会) every year. Seeing his mother river gradually recover its vitality, he feels sincerely gratified.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "Resolutely promote the 'ten-year fishing ban' on the Yangtze River (长江) and consolidate the achievements already made."
This is a profound adjustment to the relationship between humans and nature.
Affected by human activities, the Yangtze River's (长江) aquatic biological integrity index once reached the worst "no fish" level. Starting from January 1, 2021, key waters in the Yangtze River Basin (长江流域), including "one river, one estuary, two lakes, and seven rivers," began to implement a permanent fishing ban, provisionally set for ten years.
Now, the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江) has been underway for nearly five years and is about to enter its second half.
Aquatic biological resources and diversity are increasing, and the Yangtze River (长江) is gradually recovering its vitality.
"Look, finless porpoises!" At the tourist ship terminal in the Shizhong Mountain Scenic Area (石钟山景区) in Hukou County (湖口县), Jiangxi Province (江西省), tourists pressed their shutters to take pictures. Not far away, two finless porpoises occasionally leaped out of the water and then submerged, leaving behind circles of ripples.
The "smiling angels" in the Yangtze River (长江) frequently appear, capturing vivid images. "With fishermen ashore and the cleanup of fishing boats and gear, the habitat of the Yangtze finless porpoise has improved significantly," said Zhan Shupin (詹书品), head of the Fisheries and Fishery Administration Division of the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (江西省农业农村厅). In the Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) area, the distribution range of finless porpoises has increased and spread to tributary waters.
According to the results of the Yangtze River (长江) finless porpoise basin-wide scientific expedition conducted every five years, the population of Yangtze finless porpoises in 2022 was 1,249, an increase of 237 compared to 2017, achieving a historic halt to the decline and a rebound.
The return of flagship species is an important sign that the Yangtze River (长江) ecological chain has been effectively opened up. All indicators of the Yangtze River (长江) are showing a positive trend:
In the Ma'anshan (马鞍山) section of the Yangtze River (长江), the Yangtze River (长江) knife fish population has recovered to four times its pre-fishing ban level; in Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) and its tributary waters, the *Elopichthys bambusa*, which had disappeared for many years, has been monitored for five consecutive years since the fishing ban; in the Hunan (湖南) section of the Yangtze River (长江), Dongting Lake (洞庭湖), Xiang River (湘江), Zi River (资水), Miluo River (汨罗江) and other waters, the frequency of appearance of the Chinese sucker has increased significantly...
Looking at the quantity, the unit resource volume of the Yangtze River (长江) mainstream in 2024 increased by 9.5% year-on-year; looking at the species, from 2021 to 2024, a total of 344 species of native fish were monitored in the Yangtze River Basin (长江流域), an increase of 36 species compared to before the fishing ban (2017 to 2020); looking at the aquatic biological integrity index level, the Yangtze River (长江) mainstream and Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) have improved by two levels compared to the "no fish" level before the fishing ban, Dongting Lake (洞庭湖) has improved by three levels, and the Chishui River (赤水河) has been "good" for three consecutive years from 2022 to 2024.
The restoration of aquatic biological habitats is accelerating.
In the Chishui River (赤水河), by the end of last year, a total of 342 small hydropower stations had been dismantled on this first-level tributary of the Yangtze River (长江), and tributaries such as the Datong River (大同河) and Gulin River (古蔺河) have regained natural connectivity.
"Water connectivity is a key indicator for evaluating habitat conditions, and we still need to work harder," said Liu Fei (刘飞), associate researcher at the Institute of Hydrobiology (水生生物研究所) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) stationed at the Chishui River (赤水河) station. Fish with different ecological habits need diverse habitats. For example, the eggs of the "four major domestic fish" are drifting eggs. The fertilized eggs hatch and develop during the drifting process. If the process is too short or the flow rate is too low, the fertilized eggs are likely to sink to the bottom and die due to lack of oxygen. The team has jointly introduced the concept of natural restoration with the management department of the reserve to promote the restoration of the river's alternating beach pools, rapids, and depths.
"Fish that used to only appear in the Yangtze River (长江) mainstream, such as *Procypris rabaudi*, *Lefua costata* and *Gobio cylindricus*, are now starting to enter some tributaries," said Liu Fei (刘飞).
Currently, the implementation rate of ecological compensation funds for fishery-related projects in various places has increased from 13% in 2021 to 76%. Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) and the Ministry of Water Resources (水利部) carried out 17 ecological regulation tests on cascade reservoirs, which effectively promoted fish spawning and reproduction.
Efforts to protect the entire life cycle of species are constantly increasing.
"If we regard the biosphere as a protective net that underpins ecological balance, then every organism is a knot on the net," said Ou Dongsheng (欧东升), deputy director of the Hunan Provincial Institute of Fisheries Science (湖南省水产科学研究所). Strengthening artificial breeding technology support and carrying out stocking in a scientific and orderly manner to make up for these "knots" is of great significance for restoring aquatic ecology and rejuvenating fish populations.
In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) has launched projects such as the construction of artificial conservation capacity for key species and implemented rescue operations for rare and endangered species such as the Chinese sturgeon, Yangtze finless porpoise, and Yangtze sturgeon. Last year, the scale of Chinese sturgeon stocking exceeded 1 million for the first time, and more than 970,000 have been stocked this year. According to monitoring and estimation, more than 60% of individuals enter the ocean through the Yangtze River (长江) estuary. In provinces such as Sichuan (四川), Yunnan (云南), and Qinghai (青海), the full artificial breeding technology of rare native fish such as *Hucho bleekeri*, *Cyprinus yunnanensis*, and *Schizopygopsis microcephalus* has achieved breakthroughs one after another.
Making every effort to ensure "stability and prosperity," retired fishermen have started new lives.
The fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江) concerns the livelihoods of 231,000 retired fishermen. What is the production and life like for fishermen after they go ashore?
Nanji Township (南矶乡) in Xinjian District (新建区), Nanchang City (南昌市), Jiangxi Province (江西省) is located in the hinterland of Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖). A few years ago, Chen Fanpeng (陈凡澎), secretary of the Xiangyang Village (向阳村) branch of Nanji Township (南矶乡), was worried when he held the list of retired fishermen. "The old fishermen are used to living on the island. They can't fish anymore, and they are reluctant to leave."
Now, relying on the island's wetland national nature reserve, fishermen have opened homestays and farmhouses after training. The peak daily tourist reception volume reaches more than 5,000 people. "Relying on the water" has evolved into a new ecological model.
The past predicament and current way out of Xiangyang Village (向阳村) is a microcosm of the transformation and employment of retired fishermen. Since the fishing ban, a series of policies have been introduced from the national to the local level to make every effort to ensure that fishermen "can retire, stabilize, and become rich."
Revitalizing resources to develop industries.
In Hongxiang Village (洪祥村), Xishunhe Town (西顺河镇), Hongze District (洪泽区), Huai'an City (淮安市), Jiangsu Province (江苏省), the former small fishing village has been transformed into an aquatic product breeding base.
"The crabs raised this year are large and plump, all weighing more than 4.5 taels, so there is no worry about selling them," said Sun Kaijun (孙开军), a retired fisherman whose crab pond ushered in a bumper harvest after autumn. Five years ago, he was still fishing and catching shrimp in the lake area. Now, he is engaged in breeding with the cooperative, and his life is more stable.
Policy support, transformation has a way. "The threshold for 'fishing to breeding' is not low in terms of technology and capital," Zhang Jun (张军), secretary of the general branch of the Hongxiang Village (洪祥村) Party, admitted. In recent years, the Municipal Aquatic Products Station has invited experts to conduct training and guidance on water quality management, feed feeding, and other links. The District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau has coordinated with Postal Savings Bank to provide small-guaranteed loan interest subsidies, and everyone is more motivated. Last year, the cooperative's crab output value was nearly 10 million yuan.
Skills training to send jobs.
Jingzhou (荆州), Hubei (湖北), is a city with the longest shoreline in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (长江) and the largest number of resettled fishermen. Since 2020, Jingzhou (荆州) has held more than 200 related job fairs, providing nearly 20,000 jobs in food processing, textile and clothing, and other industries for retired fishermen, and has carried out special training on employment skills, entrepreneurship, and domestic services.
"Fishermen are hardworking and can be good at anything after training," said Hu Xirong (胡秀容), head of Hubei Xiaohuya Food Company (湖北小胡鸭食品公司). Transferred fishermen can earn 70,000 to 100,000 yuan a year and enjoy five insurances. Some have become workshop leaders.
In response to the situation that some fishermen are older and have single skills, cities and counties along the river have created public welfare positions such as fish protectors, porpoise protectors, and sturgeon protectors. In the assistant patrol team of the Dangtu County (当涂县) Fishery Resources Protection Association (渔业资源保护协会) where Cheng Youqing (程友清) is located, all 40 assistant patrol members are fishermen who have retired ashore.
Liu Wei (刘炜), member of the Party Leadership Group and Deputy Director of the Ma'anshan Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (马鞍山市农业农村局), introduced that in addition to innovating and implementing "fishing to breeding," carrying out skills training, and developing public welfare positions, the city has also established a "1+2" paired assistance system for fishermen. Each retired fisherman household is contacted by two assistance cadres to form an assistance team to help solve the difficulties and problems encountered in transformation and employment and resettlement and security in a timely manner.
"Retired fishermen have been living on the water and fishing for a long time and need special care and attention," said the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) at the on-site promotion meeting on the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江) held in May this year. We will further encourage and support all localities to develop facility fisheries, "fishing to breeding" bases, and other characteristic industries, guide retired fishermen to continue to work hard towards "getting rich" on the basis of "being able to retire and stabilize," and fully stimulate the endogenous power of retired fishermen.
Helping as much as possible and ensuring as much as possible, the sense of security of retired fishermen continues to increase. As of September 30 this year, all 142,000 retired fishermen with labor ability and willingness to work have achieved transformation and employment, all 220,000 retired fishermen who meet the conditions for participation in insurance have implemented basic old-age insurance, of which 60,000 retired fishermen have reached the age to receive pensions, and 12,000 people have been included in basic living security such as subsistence allowances and special hardship assistance.
Strengthening overall coordination throughout the basin to enable the Yangtze River (长江) ecosystem to achieve "more fish, abundant species, and stable ecology."
One day in late October, at 2 a.m., a subtle sound of water came from the Xianglushan (香炉山) waters of East Dongting Lake (东洞庭湖). Fishery law enforcement officers wiped out poachers who were collecting nets, seized three three-layer gill nets, two kayaks, and more than 120 kilograms of various catches.
Tool renovation, "guerrilla" poaching, and the use of fishing for productive fishing... With the initial results of the fishing ban, the pressure of illegal fishing rebound has increased. In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) has worked with the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委) to fully support all localities in improving the conditions for fishery law enforcement capabilities, forming a law enforcement pattern that combines human and technical defense and complements specialized and mass management.
Under strict management, some voices have sometimes appeared: "Will there be too many fish?"
In this regard, the industry has already reached a conclusion. "Overall, according to the current rate of biodiversity recovery and ecological environment conditions, the amount of fish resources will still be within the range of resource carrying capacity for a period of time in the future," said Duan Xinbin (段辛斌), a researcher at the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute (长江水产研究所) of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (中国水产科学研究院). Although there are more fish in some local waters and the number of many common fish has recovered significantly, the Yangtze River (长江) ecosystem is only "recovering from a serious illness." A number can illustrate the problem: the resource volume of "four major domestic fish" eggs and seedlings has only recovered to 30.5% of the historical best level.
It is worth noting that the recovery of fish species diversity is currently lagging behind the increase in resource volume. Duan Xinbin (段辛斌) said that the population recovery rate of some historically common native fish and rare and unique species is still relatively slow, and the level of biodiversity still has a gap with the requirements of ecosystem health. For example, species such as the Chinese sturgeon and Yangtze sturgeon have not yet escaped their endangered status, and the population structure of some small and medium-sized fish and benthic organisms has not yet fully recovered in some local waters.
On March 18, 2024, the General Office of the State Council (国务院办公厅) issued the "Opinions on Resolutely Promoting the Ten-Year Fishing Ban on the Yangtze River (长江)," which re-emphasized and re-deployed the fishing ban work, sending a clear signal to resolutely promote the fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江). Duan Xinbin (段辛斌) believes that from a policy perspective, on the one hand, a more refined biodiversity monitoring and effect evaluation system should be established, shifting from focusing on "how many more fish there are" to paying attention to "which fish have returned" at the same time, to provide a basis for precise policy implementation; on the other hand, differentiated ecological management strategies can be explored to carry out targeted restoration and protection of the habitats of key species.
We should be soberly aware that the survival crisis of species has not yet been resolved.
In 2022, Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) suffered an extreme dry water level; Yueyang (岳阳), Hunan (湖南), Dongting Lake (洞庭湖) suffered a rare ultra-long dry season... Affected by extreme weather, some large lakes connected to the Yangtze River (长江) and protected waters have frequently called for "thirst" in recent years, and the risk of Yangtze finless porpoises being stranded and trapped has increased.
Zhan Shupin (詹书品) introduced that in response to the increasingly significant hydrological rhythm changes, Jiangxi Province (江西省) has released a warning map of the risk habitat of Yangtze finless porpoises in Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) during different water level periods, established a working mechanism for the protection of finless porpoises and aquatic organisms in Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) at dry water levels throughout the province, and implemented 12 control measures such as ship speed limits and the establishment of a 24-hour duty and patrol daily report system.
Ou Dongsheng (欧东升) suggested implementing ecological regulation of reservoirs in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River (长江) and the Dongting Lake (洞庭湖) basin to slow down the impact of water level fluctuations on the key life stages of fish and promote the sustainable restoration of habitats. Next, Hunan (湖南) will systematically carry out research on the identification of key habitats and habitat indicators and strengthen the protection of spawning grounds, feeding grounds, overwintering grounds, and migration channels.
"Water flows and fish swim." To cure the "disease" of the Yangtze River (长江), we must base ourselves on the integrity of the ecosystem and the systematic nature of the basin.
In April this year, in the mainstream of the Chishui River (赤水河), scientific researchers achieved natural spawning and successful hatching of Yangtze sturgeon under artificially modified habitats for the first time.
In Liu Fei's (刘飞) view, the success of this experiment is a manifestation of multi-party cooperation. "Under the organization and guidance of the Yangtze River Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部长江办), from the selection of field test sites and habitat transformation to ecological and hydrological regulation, local agriculture and rural affairs, forestry, waterway, and water affairs departments have provided full cooperation and support."
"The Yangtze River Basin (长江流域) is a super-large complex ecosystem naturally connected by 'rivers, lakes, and seas'," said Duan Xinbin (段辛斌). Under the new situation of the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江), how to handle the relationship between the Yangtze River (长江) and lakes connected to the Yangtze River (长江), maintain the biodiversity of the Yangtze River Basin (长江流域), and give play to the function of the complex lake ecosystem requires further coordinated efforts across basins, regions, and departments. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the overall coordination mechanism throughout the basin under the existing fishing ban framework and promote the establishment of collaborative management based on ecological units; at the same time, actively use modern technological means to improve the efficiency of law enforcement and supervision, implement a long-term mechanism for the resettlement and security of retired fishermen, and ensure that the results of the fishing ban can be consolidated and the ecosystem can achieve an overall improvement from "more fish" to "abundant species and stable ecology."
The great river flows endlessly day and night. "The Yangtze River (长江) ecosystem has undergone millions of years of evolution and has a strong self-recovery ability. The ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江) is a reasonable cycle that has been deeply studied, tested, evaluated, and scientifically set and must be resolutely promoted and implemented," said the relevant person in charge of the Yangtze River Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部长江办). Next, we must optimize and improve the management of the fishing ban and the protection and restoration policies and measures for aquatic organisms in the next five years in a targeted manner, and at the same time further strengthen departmental coordination and social participation, build a good pattern of jointly grasping major protection, and promote the overall restoration of the Yangtze River (长江) ecosystem.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 27th. Premier of the State Council Li Qiang (李强) presided over an executive meeting of the State Council on November 27th, hearing a report on the comprehensive inspection of promoting high-quality development, deploying and advancing the work of provincial-level overall planning for basic medical insurance, reviewing and approving the "Regulations on Promoting National Reading (Draft)", and discussing the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Certified Public Accountants (Revised Draft)".
The meeting pointed out that this comprehensive inspection of promoting high-quality development, focusing on thoroughly implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions and directives and the decision-making arrangements of the Party Central Committee, and promoting all regions and departments to do a more solid job in economic and social development, has achieved positive results. It is necessary to effectively use the results of the comprehensive inspection, supervise and urge relevant departments and localities to rectify and implement the main problems found in the inspection item by item. For the supervisory opinions and policy recommendations put forward, it is necessary to conduct in-depth comparative analysis, improve policies and improve work in a timely manner. It is necessary to focus on weak links in key areas, conduct self-examination and self-correction by analogy, extend from solving one problem to solving a class of problems, and consolidate and improve the long-term mechanism for grasping rectification and promoting implementation.
The meeting pointed out that promoting provincial-level overall planning for basic medical insurance is an important measure to improve the national medical insurance system, which is conducive to better leveraging the advantages of insurance mutual assistance and enhancing the security capabilities of the medical insurance system. It is necessary to guide all regions to implement policies according to local conditions and classify policies, rationally determine the fund management model for provincial-level overall planning, and improve the efficiency of fund use. It is necessary to coordinate and promote provincial-level overall planning for basic medical insurance and the construction of a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, accelerate the balanced layout of high-quality medical resources, strengthen the construction of primary medical service capabilities, improve medical insurance payment and service price adjustment mechanisms, and better meet the medical needs of the people.
The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to provide legal guarantees for national reading, so that the people can continuously acquire knowledge and increase wisdom through reading. It is necessary to increase the supply of high-quality content, build and use national reading facilities well, improve reading services for different groups such as teenagers and the elderly, encourage the development and application of new technologies, new carriers, and new facilities that promote national reading, innovate and carry out a variety of reading promotion activities, enhance the ideological and moral quality and scientific and cultural literacy of the entire nation, improve the level of civilization of the entire society, and inject strong spiritual power into promoting Chinese-style modernization.
The meeting discussed and in principle approved the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Certified Public Accountants (Revised Draft)" and decided to submit the draft to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation. The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen legal constraints, further strengthen industry supervision and financial supervision, severely investigate and deal with violations of laws and regulations, promote certified public accountants to be honest and trustworthy and perform their duties in accordance with the law, promote the healthy development of the certified public accountant industry, and play its due role in maintaining market economic order, protecting investors' rights and interests, and improving the management level of enterprises.
The meeting also studied other matters.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 刘新吾 罗珊珊
At the foot of Mount Mingyue (明月山), where the Yangtze River (长江) meanders, the water is deep and the banks are wide. The Guoyuan Port (果园港) in Chongqing Liangjiang New Area (重庆两江新区) is like a pearl inlaid here, presenting a busy scene.
In January 2016, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) visited Guoyuan Port (果园港) for inspection. Seeing the port area's complete facilities and initial scale, the General Secretary pointed out: "There is great hope here." The General Secretary urged that the port be built well, managed well, and operated well, with first-class facilities, first-class technology, first-class management, and first-class service, to serve the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (长江经济带), to serve the construction of the "Belt and Road" Initiative ("一带一路"), and to serve the in-depth promotion of the Western Development Strategy (西部大开发).
The "15th Five-Year Plan" (十五五规划) proposal states: "A high-level opening-up system and mechanism will be more sound."
Bearing in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) earnest entrustment, Guoyuan Port (果园港) has deeply practiced the new development concept, growing from a former bulk cargo terminal to China's largest inland river "water-rail-road" multimodal transport hub, connecting more than 300 ports in more than 100 countries and regions, and powerfully driving the opening and development of Chongqing (重庆) and even the western region.
Innovative Model, "Yu Vehicles" Speed Up to Go Overseas
Chongqing (重庆) is a major automobile city. Longsheng New City (龙盛新城), where Guoyuan Port (果园港) is located, is the gathering place of Chongqing's (重庆) automobile industry.
In the early morning, at the ro-ro vehicle terminal of Guoyuan Port (果园港), new energy vehicles emerge one after another, heading straight for the ro-ro ships, and are shipped overseas via river-sea intermodal transport.
"The port serves the industry, and the industry supports the port. Guoyuan Port (果园港) and Chongqing's (重庆) automobile industry complement each other," said the relevant person in charge of Chongqing Guoyuan Ro-Ro Terminal Co., Ltd. (重庆果园滚装码头有限公司).
Seeking efficiency through reform.
In July of this year, the new model of "Yu Vehicle Going Overseas, River-Sea Intermodal Transport" ro-ro transport full-process intelligent supervision was successfully tested. This model allows export vehicles to complete customs procedures in Chongqing (重庆), and then be transferred to Shanghai (上海) and other places via ro-ro ships for direct transshipment to seagoing vessels for export. It has the advantages of convenient loading and unloading and large carrying capacity, which can shorten the entire logistics time by about 10 days, and save about 1,500 yuan in comprehensive costs such as storage fees and labor costs for each vehicle.
Seeking momentum through opening up.
The export of auto parts is also an important part of "Yu Vehicles" going overseas.
At Guoyuan Port (果园港), Changan Min Sheng Logistics Company (长安民生物流公司) collects and packages auto parts from all over the country for export, and transports them to overseas factories for assembly, reducing logistics costs by 40% compared to whole vehicle transportation.
"Through Guoyuan Port (果园港), our export packaging and logistics business has grown rapidly," said Wang Xingwei (王星炜), manager of the International Business Department of Changan Min Sheng Logistics Company (长安民生物流公司). In the first three quarters of this year, the company shipped more than 25,000 sets of auto parts.
Driven by open windows such as Guoyuan Port (果园港), "Yu Vehicles" are efficiently going overseas, and the industrial development is on the fast track. According to Chongqing Customs (重庆海关) statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, Chongqing's (重庆) exports of electric vehicles were 9.79 billion yuan, an increase of 69.1% year-on-year, of which self-owned brand electric vehicles accounted for more than 90%. Chongqing (重庆) is forming an intelligent networked new energy vehicle industry cluster, and "Chongqing-made" (重庆造) vehicles are gradually shifting to the mid-to-high end.
Multimodal Transport, Promoting Coordinated Development
Guoyuan Port (果园港) is an important hub of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (西部陆海新通道).
Not long ago, a batch of chemical products from Yunnan (云南) were loaded onto cargo ships and sailed from Zhaotong Shuifu Port (昭通水富港), arrived at Guoyuan Port (果园港), and then were shipped to Qinzhou Port (钦州港) in Guangxi (广西) via the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (西部陆海新通道), and then arrived in Southeast Asia by sea. Compared with the previous route eastward along the Yangtze River (长江) and then to Southeast Asia, it can save 15 days.
Now, the "Shuifu Port (水富港) - Guoyuan Port (果园港)" container liner route is operating stably, with 3 to 4 sailings per week. According to customer needs, it can realize the "two places and two ports" daily operation.
"We realize 'water-rail-road' multimodal transport. Goods gather here, and different needs can find suitable transportation methods," said Xie Songyu (谢淞郁), business department manager of Chongqing Guoyuan Port Terminal Co., Ltd. (重庆果园港埠有限公司). Now, starting from Guoyuan Port (果园港), it can connect with trains from Yunnan (云南), Guizhou (贵州), Sichuan (四川), Shaanxi (陕西), Xinjiang (新疆) and other places, forming a railway-water intermodal transport network radiating the southwest and northwest regions.
Of the goods exported through Guoyuan Port (果园港), the amount of local goods in Chongqing (重庆) accounts for only about half. The large inflow and outflow of goods promotes the industrial linkage development of the western region.
A batch of Guizhou (贵州) phosphate fertilizer is shipped to Guoyuan Port (果园港) by rail, transferred and shipped down the river to the eastern region. "The use of railway-water intermodal transport mode saves us more than 20 yuan per ton of logistics costs compared with our previous railway transport mode, and can save more than 20 million yuan in logistics costs throughout the year," said a staff member of Guizhou Phosphate Chemical Group Logistics Company (贵州磷化集团物流公司).
Glass substrates going upstream from the Yangtze River (长江) are transported to multiple provinces in the west from Guoyuan Port (果园港), made into LCD screens for various electronic products, and then transported to Europe and Southeast Asia through the China-Europe Railway Express (中欧班列) and the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (西部陆海新通道); logs and printers transported back by the China-Europe Railway Express (中欧班列) are transported to the eastern region along the Yangtze River (长江)...
The Yangtze River (长江) golden waterway, the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (西部陆海新通道), and the China-Europe Railway Express (Chengdu-Chongqing) (中欧班列(成渝)) are connected here, and a "transfer station" for cross-border trade is accelerating its growth.
Smart Empowerment, Openness Leaps to a New Level
Walking into the Guoyuan Port (果园港) terminal, five 5,000-ton cargo ships are connected end to end on the shoreline, loading and unloading in an orderly manner. Orange yard bridges in the stacking yard accurately grab containers, but there are few workers on site.
In the remote control room not far away, the yard bridge driver clicks the mouse lightly to control the yard bridge boom to move accurately and steadily lift dozens of tons of containers.
"It's like operating a 'claw machine'," said Hu Wanqi (胡万琪), deputy director of the operation department of Chongqing Guoyuan Container Terminal Co., Ltd. (重庆果园集装箱码头有限公司) with a smile. In the past, container loading and unloading operations required drivers to go up and down the yard bridge more than 20 meters high and transfer between sites. One driver could only operate one yard bridge, and the effective working time of the yard bridge was 18 hours per day.
In 2016, Guoyuan Port (果园港) officially launched the construction of a smart port to promote the upgrading of traditional container terminals to multimodal transport hub ports. Today, eight smart application scenarios such as container management system, paperless platform, and remote-controlled yard bridge have been implemented here.
Now, through the remote control system, one driver can operate multiple yard bridges, greatly improving work efficiency. New energy unmanned container trucks have been put into use. Relying on new technologies such as 5G and Beidou positioning (北斗定位), they can work in coordination with the vehicle management system and the remote-controlled yard bridge system to plan the optimal route in real time and autonomously, with an average daily workload of 180 units, effectively alleviating the problem of tight port capacity.
The tentacles of intelligence continue to extend to every corner of Guoyuan Port (果园港). Fang Liang (方亮), deputy general manager of Chongqing Guoyuan Container Terminal Co., Ltd. (重庆果园集装箱码头有限公司), introduced that the port has realized electronic documents, unmanned gates, and intelligent tallying, and unmanned intelligent trucks and manned trucks operate in mixed operations.
Smart transformation is driving the leap in the port's openness level - statistics show that the improvement of port operation efficiency has driven the acceleration of cargo turnover by 15%, reducing logistics costs for enterprises by more than 100 million yuan per year.
The sky is clear, the air is fresh, and the blue waves are rippling. On the Yangtze River (长江), cargo ships shuttle back and forth. Deeply implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions, Guoyuan Port (果园港) has turned the blueprint of hope into reality. Steadily moving towards the "15th Five-Year Plan" (十五五), this open land is writing a new era of brilliance with high-quality development.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 王乐文 方 敏
In Jiaozuo (焦作市), Henan Province, three plaques in the exhibition hall of Do-Fluoride New Materials Co., Ltd. are particularly impressive.
In 1989, the company's name was "Jiaozuo Cryolite Factory (焦作市冰晶石厂)". In 2004, it was changed to "Do-Fluoride Chemicals Co., Ltd. (多氟多化工股份有限公司)". It was not until 2021 that it was changed to its current name.
"Each name change corresponds to an industrial upgrade," said Li Shijiang (李世江), Chairman of the company. Benchmarking against international advanced levels, Do-Fluoride has successively overcome many difficult problems such as raw material purification, and developed high-purity crystalline lithium hexafluorophosphate, promoting more than 10 upstream and downstream enterprises to embark on the road of transformation.
This is a microcosm of Jiaozuo's transformation and development towards "new" in recent years.
In May of this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized during his inspection in Henan: "It is necessary to further consolidate the foundation of the real economy, take technological innovation as the guide, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, and enhance the supporting capacity of the modern industrial system for high-quality development." In September 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized during his inspection in Henan: "Take the high-quality development of manufacturing as the main direction of attack, and put innovation in a prominent position in the overall development situation."
Thoroughly implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions, Jiaozuo is promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, focusing on cultivating new quality productive forces, and vigorously developing emerging industries.
On the intelligent cement production line of Qianye Cement Company (千业水泥公司), a subsidiary of Jiaozuo Coal Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. (焦作煤业（集团）有限责任公司), a vertical mill continuously "eats" coal gangue and "spits out" powder with a particle size of 0.2 mm. "These powders will eventually be converted into high-quality cement products," introduced Tang Shijie (唐世界), General Manager of Jiaomei Group (焦煤集团). After technological transformation, the comprehensive utilization rate of coal by-products and waste has reached more than 85%. The proportion of operating income of the group's non-coal industries such as chemical industry, high-end building materials, and equipment manufacturing has increased from less than 30% 15 years ago to more than 60% at present.
Since 2023, Jiaozuo has invested a total of 127 million yuan to provide more than 1,100 enterprises above designated size with multiple support such as digital transformation diagnosis services, R&D expense subsidies, and financing guarantees.
At present, Jiaozuo's 363 high-end, intelligent, and green transformation projects and 440 industrial transformation and upgrading projects are being steadily advanced. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan", the city has cumulatively implemented 1,946 high-end, intelligent, and green transformation projects, completed an investment of 227.2 billion yuan, realized full coverage of green factories, green parks, green products, and green supply chains, and successfully created a national industrial resource comprehensive utilization base.
Moving towards "new", technological innovation drives industrial innovation.
Relying on comparative advantages such as multiple industrial application scenarios and a good industrial foundation, Jiaozuo has embarked on a differentiated development path - vigorously building pilot test bases to attract scientific research results to Jiaozuo for pilot testing, and then encouraging them to stay in Jiaozuo and be used in Jiaozuo.
In Qinyang (沁阳市), Jiaozuo, the first phase of the industrialization project with an annual output of 240 tons of functional fibers has been completed and put into production. "Previously, we developed a cutting-edge new material, but we couldn't find a suitable place for pilot testing. In the end, Jiaozuo provided the platform, personnel, and application site," said Tian Zhenbang (田振邦), Deputy General Manager of Henan Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry Co., Ltd. (河南省科学院化学研究所有限公司), "Three pilot production lines are already running in Qinyang (沁阳)."
At present, the Qinyang Science and Technology Innovation Park (沁阳科创园) pilot test base has introduced more than 100 innovative team members and incubated more than 50 technology-based enterprises.
Jiaozuo reforms the mechanism of scientific and technological innovation, reorganizes the Municipal Industrial Technology Research Institute (市产业技术研究院), adopts a market-oriented service model to help enterprises solve major technical needs; improves enterprise cultivation methods, builds a "micro-growth, small-scale, high-growth" technology-based enterprise tiered cultivation mechanism, and cultivates 40 provincial-level gazelle enterprises and 522 national high-tech enterprises...
Moving towards "new", emerging industries gather chains to form momentum.
Jiaozuo has introduced a number of support policies, focusing on the development of lithium, sodium, and hydrogen, the three mainstream batteries, and vanadium redox flow and other emerging battery industries, carrying out scientific research cooperation with 12 universities and research institutes, introducing 200 related talents, and cultivating more than 5,000 industrial workers. Now, there are more than 20 new energy battery-related enterprises in Zhongzhan District (中站区), forming a complete industrial chain with an output value of nearly 30 billion yuan.
Macun District (马村区) is building a 10 billion-level biomedical industry cluster; Mengzhou (孟州市) is making every effort to develop electronic information and hydrogen energy industries, attracting and cultivating 10 related enterprises with an annual output value exceeding 700 million yuan... Today, the proportion of coal industry in Jiaozuo's industrial output value has dropped from the highest 81.7% to 5.2%, and new materials, green food, high-end equipment and auto parts have become the three pillar industries of Jiaozuo, with the scale of the new materials industry exceeding 100 billion yuan.
"Bearing in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) earnest entrustment, we will base ourselves on the actual situation of Jiaozuo's industrial development, adhere to innovation-led development, strengthen the cultivation of main entities, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, proactively lay out future industries, and show new achievements in the new era and new journey," said Li Yibo (李亦博), Secretary of the Jiaozuo Municipal Party Committee.
Return to TopOn November 27th, the Tianjin-Weifang High-speed Railway's key control project—the Jingu Haihe Tunnel—was successfully completed, laying a solid foundation for the on-schedule opening of the entire Tianjin-Weifang High-speed Railway line.
It is understood that the Tianjin-Weifang High-speed Railway connects to the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway in the north and the Jinan-Qingdao High-speed Railway in the south, with a main line length of 348.9 kilometers and a designed speed of 350 kilometers per hour. Among them, the shield tunneling section of the Jingu Haihe Tunnel is about 6.5 kilometers long, which is the only tunnel on the entire Tianjin-Weifang High-speed Railway line and the first high-speed railway tunnel on the Haihe River.
The picture shows the shield construction area of the Jingu Haihe Tunnel of the Tianjin-Weifang High-speed Railway taken on November 27.
Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Ran (李然) photo
Return to TopReporter Investigation
How does the "12356" psychological assistance hotline resolve "heart matters"?
Page 13
Frontline of People's Livelihood
Joint Governance and Multiple Measures to Prevent the Abuse of Artificial Intelligence Technology
Page 16
Rural Observation
Let modern civilization concepts take deep root in the countryside
Page 18
Return to TopOn November 25th, the United Nations held a commemorative meeting for the "International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People." Chinese President Xi Jinping (习近平) sent a congratulatory message to the meeting. Arab state figures interviewed by this newspaper stated that President Xi Jinping (习近平) has sent congratulatory messages to the commemorative meeting for 13 consecutive years, elucidating China's firm stance on the Palestinian issue. This not only reflects China's high regard for the Palestinian issue but also injects stability and positive energy into the cause of world peace and development. All parties should work together, demonstrate responsibility, and make unremitting efforts to promote a comprehensive, just, and lasting solution to the Palestinian issue as soon as possible.
"Bringing Hope for Safeguarding International Fairness and Justice"
President Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out that the Palestinian issue is at the core of the Middle East issue, concerning international fairness and justice and affecting the regional situation. Under the current circumstances, the international community should further build consensus and take more proactive actions to ensure a comprehensive and lasting ceasefire in Gaza and prevent the resurgence of war.
"The Palestinian people highly appreciate and sincerely thank China for its role in supporting the restoration of the legitimate national rights of the Palestinian people. China's position and actions bring hope for safeguarding international fairness and justice," said Ibrahim Melhem, editor-in-chief of the Palestinian newspaper Al-Quds (耶路撒冷报). He stated that China promoted reconciliation talks between Palestinian factions in Beijing (北京) and the signing of the "Beijing Declaration on Ending Division and Strengthening Palestinian National Unity" (关于结束分裂加强巴勒斯坦民族团结的北京宣言), supporting Palestine in uniting forces for the cause of national liberation and bringing more hope for easing tensions.
"China speaks out for justice on the Palestinian issue, playing an important role in de-escalating the situation between Palestine and Israel and promoting regional peace and stability," said Lebanese political scholar Nassib Shams. He stated that China has consistently supported the just cause of the Palestinian people, and President Xi Jinping's (习近平) congratulatory messages to the commemorative meeting for 13 consecutive years demonstrate China's just stance and its responsibility as a major country.
Ahmed Tarabeik, an Egyptian expert on Chinese affairs, stated that China has always adhered to a political solution to the Palestinian issue and has always taken international fairness and justice as its code of conduct, urging the international community to face the root causes of the Palestinian issue directly. "This balanced and pragmatic attitude makes China a mediator trusted by Arab countries and the international community."
Tariq Hafiz, a professor at the University of Baghdad (巴格达大学) in Iraq, stated that President Xi Jinping's (习近平) congratulatory message reflects China's unwavering support for the just cause of the Palestinian people, and China's position is widely respected by Arab countries. China has always made unremitting efforts to promote a political solution to the Palestinian issue in accordance with international law and the basic norms of international relations.
"Contributing Chinese Wisdom and Chinese Solutions to Addressing Global Challenges"
President Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized that the Palestinian issue is also a test of the effectiveness of the global governance system. China calls on the international community to face the root causes of the Palestinian issue directly, demonstrate responsibility, take forceful actions, correct historical injustices, and uphold fairness and justice.
"President Xi Jinping's (习近平) proposed global governance initiatives provide a more effective path for the international community to address complex conflicts such as the Palestinian issue," said Mohammed Al-Loush, a member of the Political Bureau of the Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (巴勒斯坦人民斗争阵线). He stated that the global governance initiatives advocate firmly upholding the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, adhering to multilateralism, focusing on addressing both symptoms and root causes, and seeking sustainable solutions, providing effective guidance for an early, comprehensive, just, and lasting solution to the Palestinian issue and making important contributions to promoting peace and stability in the Middle East.
"President Xi Jinping (习近平) continues to pay attention to the Palestinian issue. A comprehensive, just, and lasting solution is essential for achieving long-term stability in the Middle East," said Sharbelle Barakat, head of the international department of the Kuwaiti newspaper Al-Anba (报章报). He stated that practicing global governance initiatives not only helps to promote the effective resolution of specific conflicts but also helps to promote the construction of a more just and reasonable global governance system, promoting all parties to work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
Kawa Mahmoud, director of the Iraqi Global Civilization Initiative Research Center (伊拉克全球文明倡议研究中心), stated that the frequent occurrence of conflicts in many parts of the world, including the Middle East, highlights the dilemma of global governance. President Xi Jinping's (习近平) proposed global governance initiatives aim to uphold the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter and promote the construction of a more just and reasonable global governance system. "The global governance initiatives, along with the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, contribute Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to addressing global challenges."
"Contributing to Regional Peace, Stability, and Common Prosperity"
President Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out that China, as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, firmly supports the just cause of the Palestinian people in restoring their legitimate national rights. China will continue to work with the international community to make unremitting efforts to promote an early, comprehensive, just, and lasting solution to the Palestinian issue.
Abdul Aziz Al-Shabani, a researcher at the Riyadh Center for Political and Strategic Studies (利雅得政治和战略研究中心) in Saudi Arabia, stated that China advocates resolving disputes through political dialogue, emphasizes respecting the sovereignty of regional countries, and promotes the peaceful easing of tensions, playing a constructive role in the peace and stability of the Middle East.
Shams believes that in recent years, the relationship between Arab countries and China has deepened, and Arab countries regard China as a trustworthy partner and an important force in helping them achieve independent development.
"China has always respected the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Arab countries, and cooperation between China and Arab countries is becoming increasingly close," said Barakat. "Next year, the second China-Arab States Summit will be held in China, which will promote further mutual trust between the two sides, advance pragmatic cooperation in areas such as innovation and sustainable development, and contribute to regional peace, stability, and common prosperity."
Mahmoud stated that at the first China-Arab States Summit, President Xi Jinping (习近平) and Arab leaders jointly charted a blueprint for the long-term development of China-Arab relations. In the nearly three years since the first China-Arab States Summit, the China-Arab strategic partnership has developed in depth and achieved fruitful results. It is believed that the second China-Arab States Summit will inject new impetus into building a higher-level China-Arab community with a shared future.
(Reported by Zhang Zhiwen (张志文), Guan Kejiang (管克江), Huang Peizhao (黄培昭), Shen Xiaoxiao (沈小晓), and Ren Haoyu (任皓宇) from Dubai (迪拜), Cairo (开罗), and Riyadh (利雅得) on November 27)
Return to TopThe Chinese and American sides should take the Kuling (Guling) story as a bond, people-to-people exchanges as a bridge, and youth friendship as a driving force to jointly write a new chapter of friendly relations between the people of China and the United States, and contribute to the healthy and stable development of China-U.S. relations.
The 2025 Kuling Forum, themed "Echoes of History," was recently held in New York, USA. In the special year of the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, Chinese and American guests gathered to commemorate the years when the two countries fought side by side to defend world peace, draw spiritual strength and historical inspiration from the Kuling story that carries the friendship between the Chinese and American people, and add impetus to promoting friendly exchanges between the two peoples.
The Kuling story is a beautiful story of people-to-people friendly exchanges between China and the United States personally promoted by President Xi Jinping (习近平), and also an epitome of the two peoples knowing and being close to each other. President Xi Jinping (习近平) has successively sent congratulatory letters to the "Kuling Connection" China-U.S. People-to-People Friendship Forum and the 2024 "Kuling Connection" China-U.S. Youth Exchange Week, promoting the century-old Kuling story to continuously radiate new vitality. In recent years, "Friends of Kuling" and friendly people from all walks of life in China and the United States have deeply explored and actively disseminated the Kuling story. "Friends of Kuling" have carried out root-seeking trips, and activities such as the "Kuling Connection" China-U.S. Youth Choir Week and the Kuling Forum have been held, continuously deepening mutual understanding and friendly exchanges between the two peoples.
The Kuling story is constantly being renewed and passed down from generation to generation, fully proving that although China and the United States have different historical cultures, social systems, and development paths, the two peoples have the same pursuit of friendship. This year, China solemnly held activities to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and specially invited the descendants of members of the American Flying Tigers to the Tiananmen Rostrum to watch the ceremony; at the 7th China-U.S. Sister Cities Conference, all parties jointly discussed "Closer Cooperation, Sustainable Future"; during the "Kuling Connection" China-U.S. Youth Choir Week, more than 1,000 young people from the two countries gathered in China, stirring up a huge wave of cherishing friendship... The trickle of goodwill and friendship converges, making the vast Pacific Ocean no longer a natural barrier; the two-way rush of the people builds a bridge for the great cause of China-U.S. friendship.
The hope of China-U.S. relations lies in the people, the foundation lies in the grassroots, the future lies in the youth, and the vitality lies in the local areas. In July of this year, President Xi Jinping (习近平) replied to the teachers and students of the Montgomery County, Maryland, USA Youth Pickleball Cultural Exchange Delegation to China, who participated in the initiative to invite 50,000 American teenagers to China for exchange and study in the next five years, congratulating them on the success of their visit to China, and hoping that they would be new generation envoys of friendship between the two countries and make greater contributions to enhancing the friendship between the two peoples. Since the "5-year 50,000" initiative was put forward, American teenagers have actively participated, fully demonstrating the initiative's great attraction and profound appeal. Maker competitions, scholar dialogues, "Future Diplomat" summer camps, choir weeks, music festivals, pickleball friendship matches and other activities have blossomed in many places, and Chinese and American teenagers have narrowed the distance between each other and enhanced mutual understanding in cordial interactions. Recent American polls show that American public opinion on China is steadily improving, and the younger generation is becoming a new force for friendship with China.
To write a new Kuling story and cultivate a deeper soil for people-to-people affinity, China and the United States need to jointly build platforms and expand paths. Last month, President Xi Jinping (习近平) and President Trump successfully held a meeting in Busan, South Korea, calibrating the course and injecting impetus for the steady progress of the giant ship of China-U.S. relations at a critical moment, and reached important consensus on promoting practical cooperation in various fields such as people-to-people exchanges between the two countries. Since the Busan meeting, China-U.S. relations have been generally stable and improving, which has been widely welcomed by both countries and the international community. China welcomes more Americans to visit China to experience a real, three-dimensional, and comprehensive China, and hopes that the United States will meet China halfway, earnestly open a "green light" for people-to-people exchanges between the two countries, tighten the people's bonds, and enhance mutual understanding.
The achievements of China-U.S. relations are primarily attributed to the joint efforts of the people of the two countries; the continued development of China-U.S. relations needs to rely more on the people of the two countries. The Chinese and American sides should take the Kuling (Guling) story as a bond, people-to-people exchanges as a bridge, and youth friendship as a driving force to jointly write a new chapter of friendly relations between the people of China and the United States, and contribute to the healthy and stable development of China-U.S. relations.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 章念生
"China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 will, with its innovation and successful practices, become a model of free trade frameworks." Professor Lu Yaoqun (卢耀群), Director of the Institute of Governance and Sustainability at the National University of Singapore Business School, said in an exclusive interview with this reporter recently, "In the current situation where the global economy and trade are increasingly fragmented, free trade agreements are a key driver of sustained economic growth."
Lu Yaoqun (卢耀群) has long studied ASEAN regional economics and sustainable governance. He said that the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 has both unique scalability and flexibility, adapting to the development needs of different ASEAN countries, and is also a unified framework, reflecting an unprecedented consensus between China and ASEAN countries. "China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 further promotes free trade through deeper, rules-based regional integration. In particular, focusing on digital economy, green economy, supply chain, consumer protection and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, it will make the free trade area an economic growth engine radiating to the wider Asia-Pacific region and even the world."
When talking about the relationship between China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), Lu Yaoqun (卢耀群) believes that China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 can fully play a role within the broader framework of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), further promoting deep integration of regional production networks, "the two can complement each other."
China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 focuses on the green economy. "At a time when global sustainable development is facing challenges, these green provisions are crucial." Lu Yaoqun (卢耀群) emphasized that currently, the threat of unilateralism is constantly increasing, and China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 promotes cross-border green technology adoption and low-carbon infrastructure investment, which will effectively enhance the resilience of the supply chains of China and ASEAN.
Lu Yaoqun (卢耀群) highly praised China's role in regional governance. "With its economic size and global influence, China can play the role of a 'dual anchor' in stabilizing China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)." He said that China can effectively play a strategic bridge role, connecting and deepening the two major trade agreements. "China's solid domestic policy mechanisms can form a strong synergy with the two free trade agreements, achieving a **多方共赢** (duō fāng gòng yíng - "multiple parties win together," a win-win situation for all parties involved). China's role as a trusted rule-maker and coordinator of regional economic integration will be further consolidated."
"The value of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 will ultimately be reflected in the improvement of enterprise development and people's well-being." Lu Yaoqun (卢耀群) said that this is a good platform for continuously improving social and environmental governance, and all parties can fully utilize the regional market to strengthen vitality, achieve growth, and create new business opportunities. "China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 heralds the formation of a smart and green Asia-Pacific region."
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 27th. Wang Yi (王毅), member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Director of the Office of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission, spoke on the phone with French Presidential Diplomatic Advisor Emmanuel Bonne on November 27th at the latter's request.
Wang Yi (王毅) stated that the current international situation is intertwined with turmoil and change, and new problems and challenges are emerging one after another. It is necessary for China and France to maintain frequent dialogue and strengthen strategic coordination. The strategic guidance of the two heads of state is crucial. The two sides should deepen all-round mutually beneficial cooperation, promote the China-France comprehensive strategic partnership to a new level, inject new impetus into maintaining multilateralism and reforming and improving global governance, and demonstrate the responsibility of China and France as permanent members of the UN Security Council. It is hoped that the French side will promote the EU to pursue a positive and rational China policy, adhere to the basic positioning of partnership, properly handle economic and trade differences through dialogue and consultation, and promote the healthy development of China-EU relations along the right track.
Wang Yi (王毅) elaborated on China's position on the Taiwan issue, emphasizing that the current Japanese leader's发表涉台挑衅言论, 公然开历史倒车 (kāi lì shǐ dào chē - "to reverse the car of history," to turn back the wheel of history; to repeat the mistakes of the past), infringing on China's sovereignty and territorial integrity. As permanent members of the UN Security Council and comprehensive strategic partners, China and France should jointly safeguard the achievements of the victory of World War II and firmly support each other on issues involving each other's core interests. It is hoped that the French side will continue to firmly adhere to the one-China principle.
Emmanuel Bonne stated that President Emmanuel Macron (马克龙) looks forward to visiting China soon to consolidate and deepen the friendship between the two heads of state, and to conduct in-depth strategic communication on promoting France-China, Europe-China relations, and jointly responding to global crises. It is believed that this visit will lead the high-quality development of bilateral relations and make new contributions to world peace and stability. The French side adheres to the independent diplomatic tradition, unswervingly pursues the one-China policy, and understands China's legitimate position on the Taiwan issue. It looks forward to enhancing mutual trust with China, strengthening dialogue and cooperation, and jointly responding to challenges such as global governance and economic imbalances. The healthy development of Europe-China relations is crucial, and the French side is willing to play a positive role in Europe-China dialogue and cooperation on the basis of good France-China relations.
The two sides also exchanged views on the Ukraine crisis. Emmanuel Bonne introduced the French position. Wang Yi (王毅) stated that China supports all efforts conducive to peace, supports the achievement of a comprehensive, lasting, and mutually acceptable peace agreement for all parties involved, supports the construction of a balanced, effective, and sustainable European security architecture, and is willing to maintain communication with the French side on this.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 杨 迅
As a high-level people-to-people exchange activity jointly initiated by the Western Returned Scholars Association and the France China Foundation, the 7th China-France Cultural Forum was held recently in Changsha, Hunan (湖南). Representatives from political, business, and academic circles of the two countries, as well as experts in the field of culture, gathered to discuss cultural exchanges and mutual learning, focusing on the theme of "Pluralistic Coexistence and Harmonious Progress - Opening up a New Pattern of China-France Cultural Exchange."
"The diversity of civilizations is the starting point of exchange and the key to innovation. The holding of the forum allows us to cross mountains and seas, closely connect our thoughts and minds, and give us the confidence to work together to create the future," said former French Prime Minister and Chairman of the France China Foundation, Jean-Pierre Raffarin (拉法兰). "In today's uncertain world, France and China, as countries with long-standing civilizations, need to sit together more than ever and conduct in-depth cultural dialogue."
"People-to-people exchange is the best way to eliminate misunderstandings and build mutual trust," said Catherine Dumas (凯瑟琳·杜马斯), a senator from Paris. As an important member of UNESCO, France is willing to further deepen cooperation with China in areas such as cultural heritage protection and the promotion of culinary culture.
Marie-Do Aescully-Léger (玛丽—多·埃施利曼), a senator from Hauts-de-Seine (Île-de-France) and a member of the French Social Affairs Committee, said that the world economic development is facing huge challenges, and the French and Chinese governments need to cooperate more closely. She hopes that more people-to-people exchange activities will be carried out in the future to allow more young French people to understand Chinese culture.
Emmanuel Lenain (埃马纽埃尔·佩雷斯), Director General of the France China Foundation, said that France and China will continue to deepen cultural exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations, and promote cooperation in a wider range of fields to achieve new results.
The forum also launched a variety of distinctive cultural activities, including Hunan (湖湘) intangible cultural heritage exhibitions and China-France artists' concerts. The "Food has 'Xiang-Fa'" China-France Food Experience Week event, launched at Huogongdian (火宫殿) in Changsha, not only featured French cuisine and Hunan snacks, but also Changsha (长沙) ballad singing, Xiang Opera (湘剧), Huagu Opera (花鼓戏), and shadow puppetry performances, attracting many citizens and tourists to visit.
In the palm leaf weaving exhibition area of Hunan intangible cultural heritage, Michel Baldocchi (米歇尔·巴尔多基), Dean of the École des Arts Joailliers, learned to weave animals with palm leaves, "I didn't expect that a palm leaf could be woven into so many shapes." French guest Aurélien was fascinated by the Changsha paper-cutting in the intangible cultural heritage exhibition. When he received a portrait silhouette, he said: "This is a work of art, I will treasure it."
Return to TopBy: 仲 音
Recently, Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗) publicly made blatant and provocative remarks concerning Taiwan during a Diet (国会) debate, implying a possible military intervention in the Taiwan Strait issue. Despite repeated stern representations from China, Japan has refused to repent and withdraw its erroneous statements. Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗)'s serious transgression and obstinacy will ultimately lead to her own undoing.
Severely provoking China's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Whether it is the Cairo Declaration (《开罗宣言》), the Potsdam Proclamation (《波茨坦公告》), or UN General Assembly Resolution 2758, they all clearly define China's sovereignty over Taiwan. The principle of sovereignty is the cornerstone of the UN Charter, and no country or individual can apply double standards. Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗)'s erroneous remarks are the first time since Japan's defeat in 1945 that a Japanese leader has publicly advocated in a formal setting the so-called "a Taiwan emergency is a Japanese emergency" and linked it to the exercise of collective self-defense rights, the first time expressing an ambition to attempt armed intervention on the Taiwan issue, and the first time issuing a military threat to China. This is a serious provocation against China's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and must be resolutely blocked and used as a warning to others.
Severely interfering in China's internal affairs. The Taiwan issue is at the core of China's core interests, and Taiwan affairs are purely China's internal affairs. How to resolve the Taiwan issue and achieve national reunification is a matter for the Chinese people themselves, and no external forces are allowed to interfere. Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗)'s remarks send the wrong signal to "Taiwan independence" forces, seriously violating the one-China principle, the spirit of the four political documents between China and Japan, and the basic norms of international relations. Supporting "Taiwan independence" is interfering in China's internal affairs, and condoning "Taiwan independence" is undermining stability in the Taiwan Strait. These provocative remarks are unpopular and will ultimately fail.
Seriously hurting the feelings of the Chinese people, the anti-fascist Allied countries, and the people of all countries. This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, as well as the 80th anniversary of Taiwan's recovery. From the Nanjing Massacre (南京大屠杀) to the Manila Massacre, Japan's war of aggression brought profound disasters to the Chinese and Asian people, leaving behind painful collective memories. Japan once implemented a 50-year colonial rule over Taiwan, committing countless crimes. Taiwanese compatriots continued to carry out anti-Japanese struggles, and a total of more than 650,000 people died heroically. As the Prime Minister of Japan, Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗) should take the lead in reflecting on historical crimes. Her provocative remarks are unacceptable to history, unacceptable to the 1.4 billion Chinese people, and even more unacceptable to the Asian people and the people of the world who have been harmed by Japan.
Seriously reversing course and summoning the ghost of militarism. Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗)'s linking of "a Taiwan emergency" with collective self-defense rights is seeking an excuse for Japan's military expansion. Since taking office, Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗) has been constantly taking actions in terms of military expansion, and even exploring the revision of the "Three Non-Nuclear Principles (无核三原则)" and other issues. From the September 18th Incident (九一八事变) to the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan has repeatedly launched wars of aggression under the pretext of a so-called "existential crisis," bringing profound disasters to the world and also bringing itself into an abyss of suffering. 昭昭前事，惕惕后人 (zhāo zhāo qián shì, tì tì hòu rén - "clear past events, be vigilant future generations," the lessons of the past should guide future actions). Allowing militarism to be revived will inevitably lead Japan into an abyss once again.
Seriously misleading the Japanese people. Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗) attempts to kidnap public opinion and incite emotions by artificially creating the rhetoric of an "existential crisis," which is a deception and harm to the Japanese people. In recent days, insightful people in Japan have widely criticized her, and Japanese citizens have gathered in front of the Prime Minister's Office to express strong dissatisfaction, all protesting against her irresponsible provocations. Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗) should listen carefully to these rational voices and not go further and further down the wrong path.
Seriously undermining the post-war international order and international law. As a defeated country in World War II, Japan's national behavior is clearly constrained by the UN Charter and its domestic "Peace Constitution." The Japanese right wing, represented by Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗), attempts to revise or even hollow out the "Peace Constitution," completely abandoning the principle of "exclusive defense," paving the way for military expansion policies, which is a systematic challenge to the post-war international order and international law. This dangerous countercurrent will inevitably be resolutely curbed.
Seriously violating the basic norms of international relations. Previously, Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗) stated: "On the Taiwan issue, Japan will adhere to the position in the 1972 Japan-China Joint Statement." The words were still ringing in her ears, but now she has made a 180-degree turn, making extreme remarks on the Taiwan issue. Being capricious and inconsistent in foreign policy, violating the basic norms of international relations, will only establish a negative image of Japan as unreliable and untrustworthy in the world, leading Japan into complete international isolation.
Seriously threatening regional peace and stability. The dangerous association of "a Taiwan emergency is a Japanese emergency" will only make Japan once again become an unstable factor in undermining regional stability and world peace. Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗)'s erroneous remarks have been universally opposed by the international community. The Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson stated that "Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗)'s recent remarks concerning Taiwan are very dangerous, and Japan should deeply reflect on history and learn from the lessons of World War II." Former Thai Deputy Prime Minister Phinij Jarusombat (披尼) stated that "Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗)'s erroneous remarks threaten peace in the Asian region and are also a huge challenge to world peace." If she cannot 悬崖勒马 (xuán yá lè mǎ - "rein in the horse at the edge of a cliff," to come to a sudden realization before it's too late), what lies ahead is an abyss.
Seriously trampling on human justice and conscience. From frequently visiting the Yasukuni Shrine (靖国神社) to denying the Nanjing Massacre (南京大屠杀), and then to vigorously hyping up the "China threat theory," Sanae Takaichi (高市早苗) vainly attempts to overturn history and tarnish justice. Since World War II, Japan has not deeply reflected on its crimes of aggression and the enormous disasters it caused to China and Asia, and the right-wing forces are going further and further down the road of covering up justice and obliterating conscience. Forgetting history means betrayal, and may even lead to repeating the same mistakes. The more Japan condones the right wing, the more it associates with danger, the more it is divorced from prosperity, and the more it goes against a bright future.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 祝佳祺
Experiencing the automated mushroom harvesting process at the edible mushroom industrial park; witnessing the cultural empowerment of rural development in the relocation and resettlement area... During his 14-day study tour in China, Abed Malik, General Manager of Brunei Agricultural Dynamics International Co., Ltd., gained a lot. "I look forward to carrying out more valuable cooperation with the Chinese side in the near future," said Abed Malik (阿卜德·马利克).
The China-ASEAN East Growth Area Rural Development (Smart Agriculture and Fisheries) Seminar, sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce of China (中国商务部) and undertaken by the Secretariat of the China-ASEAN Expo (中国—东盟博览会秘书处), was recently held in Nanning (南宁), Guangxi (广西). Twenty-seven trainees from ASEAN countries exchanged and discussed topics such as China-ASEAN agricultural cooperation, global agricultural development trends, and progress in the agricultural technology revolution. They also went to Hechi (河池市) and Chongzuo (崇左市), Guangxi (广西), to conduct field research on industrial projects such as agricultural, cultural, and tourism integration, and silkworm breeding, and went to Guizhou (贵州) to investigate the application of aerospace smart agriculture, and exchange experiences in comprehensive rural revitalization.
In Guangxi Hualv Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (广西华绿生物科技有限责任公司) in Jiangzhou District (江州区), Chongzuo (崇左市), bagasse, sugarcane leaves, etc., are processed into nutrient-rich edible mushroom cultivation substrates, which not only solves environmental pollution problems, but also promotes the development of the local agricultural circular economy. In the enoki mushroom harvesting and packaging workshop, robotic arms automatically harvest and cut roots, and manual weighing and grading are performed. After packaging, they are placed on an automatic conveyor belt. The whole process is clean and efficient. "Seeing the high-standard production technology and process with my own eyes has made me more convinced of the quality of Chinese mushrooms," Kim Sovanny (金·索万尼), an official from the Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, told reporters. "China's smart agricultural technology is very useful for us. With reference significance, I am full of expectations for future cooperation between the two countries in the agricultural field."
In recent years, Nandan County (南丹县), Hechi (河池市), has vigorously developed the agricultural, cultural, and tourism industry. Through measures such as "intangible cultural heritage + cultural tourism," "festival + cultural tourism," and cross-provincial cooperation, it has created multiple 4A-level tourist attractions. Many local people have started to make a living from tourism. Yaowang Tianxia Scenic Area (瑶望天下景区) is located in the relocation and resettlement area where the Baiku Yao (白裤瑶), a branch of the local Yao ethnic group, live. It integrates the Baiku Yao folk customs, cuisine, and intangible cultural heritage activities, attracting approximately 400,000 tourists every year, creating an income of more than 30 million yuan, and driving more than 3,000 people to achieve stable employment and increase their income.
"The inspection in Nandan (南丹) was particularly impressive to me!" said Anggraini Annisa Nurhayu (安格拉尼·阿尼萨·努尔哈尤), a technical policy analyst from the cross-regional cooperation team of the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. Indonesian villages also have rich and distinctive tourism resources that can be explored. We can seriously learn from China's experience and let culture empower rural development.
Return to TopXinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 27th. Chen Wenqing (陈文清), a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission (中央政法委), presided over a plenary meeting of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission (中央政法委) on the 26th. The meeting conveyed and studied the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) on the work of comprehensively governing the country according to law and the spirit of the Central Conference on Work Concerning the Comprehensive Governance of the Country According to Law, and studied opinions on implementing them.
The meeting pointed out that General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions are commanding, profound in thought, and rich in content, pointing out the direction for advancing the comprehensive governance of the country according to law on the new journey. Political and legal organs must deeply study and comprehend Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on the rule of law and the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions, deeply study and comprehend the various deployment requirements of the Central Conference on Work Concerning the Comprehensive Governance of the Country According to Law, and combine them with the study of the first volume of "Selected Works on the Rule of Law by Xi Jinping (习近平法治文选)" and the "Study Outline of Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on the Rule of Law (2025 Edition)," and continue to set off a wave of studying and publicizing Xi Jinping's (习近平) thought on the rule of law. We must focus on building a more complete socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics and building a socialist rule of law country with a higher level, and work together to create a new situation in the construction of the rule of law in China.
The meeting emphasized that it is necessary to keep in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) great trust, pay more attention to the coordination of the rule of law with reform, development, and stability, and comprehensively promote the legalization of all aspects of the country's work. We must pay more attention to safeguarding and promoting social fairness and justice, comprehensively promote scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial justice, and universal law-abiding, and strengthen key tasks such as legal supervision and foreign-related rule of law. We must coordinate the advancement of legal education, legal research, and rule of law practice, and accelerate the construction of an independent Chinese legal knowledge system. We must grasp the "key minority" of leading cadres and achieve comprehensive performance of duties, performance of duties according to law, and courage to take responsibility.
Wang Xiaohong (王小洪), Zhang Jun (张军), and Ying Yong (应勇) attended the meeting.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李龙伊
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out that veterans are a valuable asset to the Party and the country, and an important force in advancing Chinese-style modernization. Work related to veterans concerns reform, development, stability, and the cause of strengthening the military.
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee put forward clear requirements and made strategic deployments for doing a good job in veterans' affairs during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. In order to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, our reporter interviewed Pei Jinjia (裴金佳), Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Minister of the Ministry of Veterans Affairs (退役军人事务部).
Significant Achievements in Veterans' Affairs During the "14th Five-Year Plan" Period
Reporter: How do you view the achievements of veterans' affairs during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period?
Pei Jinjia (裴金佳): During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) made a series of important instructions on doing a good job in veterans' affairs and supporting the military and giving preferential treatment to families of service members, which pointed out the direction and provided a guide for the high-quality development of veterans' affairs. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, veterans' affairs have achieved systemic reshaping and pioneering development, and made a series of major achievements, laying a solid foundation for high-quality development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period.
The "three systems" have been gradually improved. The Party Central Committee, the State Council, and the Central Military Commission approved and issued the first national special plan in the field of veterans' affairs, deploying and arranging the construction of the "three systems." In terms of the organizational management system, party committees at the county level and above have generally established leading bodies for veterans' affairs, built more than 610,000 six-level service centers (stations) from the national to the village (community) level, established the new occupation of "veterans' affairs worker," and strengthened and made good use of social organizations. The organizational structure of unified leadership by the party committee, dominance by administrative departments, support by the service system, and participation by social forces has basically taken shape. In terms of the work operation system, the joint military-local office mechanism has been improved, and collaborative mechanisms such as special departmental consultations and "double lists" of practical matters jointly handled by the military and local authorities have been improved. A working situation of systematic linkage, joint military-local efforts, and orderly operation has gradually formed. In terms of the policy and system system, the Law on the Protection of Veterans has been thoroughly implemented, and regulations and documents such as the Regulations on the Placement of Veterans have been formulated and revised, reflecting a top-level design that emphasizes respect, service management, and security.
Ideological and political guidance has been deepened and made more practical. Taking the unity and guidance of the vast number of veterans to listen to the Party, feel the Party's gratitude, and follow the Party as an important political responsibility, the ideological and political work system has been improved, and the study and implementation of Xi Jinping (习近平)'s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era by veterans has been promoted in a normalized and systematic manner. A series of activities of "Veterans Forever Follow the Party" have been carried out, regulations for the daily management of military retirees have been introduced, the education and management of veteran party members have been strengthened, and veterans have been guided to maintain the true qualities of revolutionary soldiers and actively contribute to the construction of Chinese-style modernization.
The effectiveness of serving the country and strengthening the military has been continuously improved. Closely focusing on major national strategies, nearly 399,000 outstanding veterans have been promoted to enter the grassroots "two committees," "soldier teachers" and "soldier sailors" have been organized for recruitment, volunteer service teams have been formed, and veterans have been encouraged to actively participate in tasks such as rural revitalization, grassroots governance, stabilizing borders, and disaster relief. Following the pace of national defense and military reform, the placement of more than 80,000 transferred military officers and more than 240,000 demobilized soldiers assigned to work has been completed. Actively serving the military's preparedness for war, the construction of veterans' hospitals, homes of honor, and military supply stations has been steadily promoted, and extensive activities to support the military and give preferential treatment to families of service members have been carried out to solve practical problems such as the employment of military dependents and the schooling of children.
The level of service and security has been steadily improved. Support for employment and entrepreneurship has been strengthened, 1.8 million people have been organized to participate in adaptive training and vocational skills training, more than 38,000 special recruitment fairs for veterans have been held, and 1.42 million veterans have been helped to achieve employment intentions. Tax and financial support policies have been improved, and the number of veteran business entities has reached more than 6 million. The standards for compensation and subsidies have been continuously increased, and preferential security measures such as medical care, education, elderly care, and housing have been continuously improved, and more than 36 million preferential treatment cards have been issued. The assistance mechanism for those in difficulty has been improved, the "Warm Veterans' Hearts" special action has been carried out, and assistance projects such as student aid for children, protection of eyesight, and care for the hearing impaired have been implemented.
The atmosphere of honoring and respecting has become stronger. The protection of heroes and martyrs has been incorporated into the Party and state commendation and honor system, national model veterans and national models of supporting the military have been commended, and the study and publicity of "the most beautiful veterans" and "the most beautiful people who support the military" have been widely carried out, and honorary plaques have been hung for a total of more than 40 million service recipient families. With national etiquette, the remains of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army martyrs buried in South Korea were solemnly welcomed back and buried, the management, protection, and quality improvement of martyrs' memorial facilities at home and abroad were strengthened, and the fourth batch of national-level anti-Japanese war memorial facilities and sites and the list of famous anti-Japanese martyrs and heroic groups were selected and announced.
Key and difficult problems have been effectively solved. All regions, military and local departments have actively acted and cooperated closely to solve a number of historical problems. The central and local governments have invested 28.3 billion yuan to centrally pay basic pension insurance for some demobilized soldiers who meet the conditions, benefiting more than 2.86 million people. The transfer of retired military personnel at the division level and below and disabled soldiers has been vigorously promoted and successfully completed. Problems have been strictly solved and contradictions have been resolved in accordance with laws and policies, and the legitimate rights and interests of veterans have been fully safeguarded and guaranteed.
Improving the Effectiveness of Service and Security for Veterans
Reporter: The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal proposes to stabilize and expand employment for key groups such as veterans. In which areas will the Ministry of Veterans Affairs focus its efforts?
Pei Jinjia (裴金佳): We will adhere to promoting high-quality and full employment for veterans as the top priority, continue to improve the employment support system, promote the promulgation of regulations on promoting employment and entrepreneurship for veterans, and guide the vast number of veterans to contribute to economic and social development.
The first is to optimize education and training. In accordance with the talent needs of high-quality development, we will adhere to immediate training upon retirement and participation in training by all personnel, build and improve an education and training system that organically unifies adaptive training, vocational skills training, and academic education, deepen "government, school, and enterprise" cooperation, strengthen preferential treatment for veterans to enroll in academic education, and serve the development of new quality productive forces with the construction of a high-quality veteran talent team.
The second is to deepen employment services. Expand the cooperation model of veterans' affairs departments signing employment agreements with large state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, and social organizations, improve the national veterans' employment and entrepreneurship information system, promote the interconnection of the veterans' affairs service APP with the employment and recruitment platforms of relevant departments, and provide more accurate and convenient employment services for veterans.
The third is to strengthen entrepreneurial support. Improve the monitoring and analysis system for veteran business entities, guide veterans to make full use of various preferential policies when starting businesses, and help enterprises develop healthily. Regularly hold national veterans' entrepreneurship and innovation competitions and other activities, guide qualified localities to build and improve veteran entrepreneurship parks, and promote the transformation and application of achievements.
Reporter: The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal proposes to "strengthen service and security for veterans." How will the Ministry of Veterans Affairs promote implementation?
Pei Jinjia (裴金佳): We will thoroughly practice the people-centered development ideology, adhere to doing our best and acting according to our capabilities, focus on the core concerns and urgent needs of service recipients, and continuously improve the level of service and security.
The first is to build a strong service and security system. Veterans' service centers (stations) are the "last mile" in serving and securing veterans. We will vigorously promote the deep integration of service centers (stations) with grassroots social governance and the coordinated cooperation with public service institutions, comprehensively promote the integrated handling of "one matter" for veterans' services and the "one-stop" handling of various matters for military retirement, and promote the standardization, standardization, and convenience of service and security.
The second is to increase the supply of service and security. Improve the system of combining universal benefits with preferential treatment, matching treatment with contributions, and adapting the level of security to economic development, and steadily improve the treatment of veterans and preferential treatment recipients. Improve preferential treatment measures for service recipients in education, medical care, employment, housing, culture, etc., comprehensively promote electronic preferential treatment cards and continuously expand the use scenarios. Accelerate the socialization of military retirement services, introduce high-quality social resources, and continue to run military retirement universities well.
The third is to strengthen assistance to veterans in difficulty. The difficulties of veterans are always our most concerned, most concerned, and most concerned matters. We will improve the assistance system, explore a regional linkage assistance mechanism, further increase assistance and relief to veterans who are in difficulty due to major illnesses, unemployment, family changes, natural disasters, etc., strengthen legal aid, judicial assistance, and psychological services, and work together to do a good job of **雪中送炭** (xuě zhōng sòng tàn - "sending charcoal in snowy weather," providing timely help).
Continuing to Write a New Chapter in the Era of Loving Our People and Loving Our Army
Reporter: The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal proposes to "consolidate military-government and military-civilian unity." In which aspects will the Ministry of Veterans Affairs promote this?
Pei Jinjia (裴金佳): We will fully carry forward the fine tradition of supporting the military and giving preferential treatment to families of service members, further improve the work mechanism of supporting the military, deepen reform and innovation, unite military and local forces, consolidate and develop military-government and military-civilian unity as solid as a rock, and strive to continue to write a new chapter in the era of loving our people and loving our army.
The first is to vigorously support the construction and reform of the military. Focusing on the actual needs of the military, making good use of the platform for supporting the military, giving play to the advantages of local economy, technology, and talent resources, and helping the military strengthen the research and development of weapons and equipment, the training of new military talents, and the construction of new domain and new quality forces. Improve the normalized transfer and placement mechanism for wounded, sick, and disabled veterans, and study and improve the service management methods for retired workers and retired civilian personnel without military status.
The second is to deepen support for the military and prepare for actual combat. Improve the emergency response mechanism of the support-the-military system, explore and study policies, systems, and work plans for wartime transfer and placement, preferential treatment, and commendation. Focusing on peacetime service and wartime support, actively support the military in carrying out joint exercises, cross-regional maneuvers, disaster relief, and other tasks. Deepen the reform of military supply stations, veterans' hospitals, and homes of honor, and continuously improve their emergency response support capabilities and development vitality.
The third is to create a strong social atmosphere of supporting the military. Improve the "double list" system for the military and local authorities to do practical things for each other, deepen support-the-military activities such as "city-linked co-construction" and "caring for border and coastal defense officers and soldiers," improve the preferential treatment mechanism for the employment of military spouses and the education of military children, and solve the practical difficulties of military personnel and their families. Work with the military to jointly promote the reform and innovation of supporting the military, continuously expand the social foundation of supporting the military, and enhance the motivation and vitality of grassroots support for the military.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 王 政 李心萍
At the 2025 China Robot Industry Development Conference, the China Machinery Industry Federation (中国机械工业联合会) released the "14th Five-Year Plan" development achievements of the robot industry.
In terms of industrial scale, the robot industry's revenue in 2020 was 106.1 billion yuan, which increased to 237.89 billion yuan in 2024, doubling the revenue. In the first three quarters of this year, the industry's revenue increased by 29.5% year-on-year.
In terms of exports, the industry's export value in 2020 was 390 million US dollars, which increased to 1.15 billion US dollars in 2024. In the first three quarters of this year, the export value reached 1.24 billion US dollars, exceeding the total for last year and increasing by 56% year-on-year.
In terms of market share, the domestic market share of independent brand industrial robots increased from 31.4% in 2020 to 58.5% in 2024.
"During the '14th Five-Year Plan' period, China's robot industry developed rapidly, forming a relatively complete industrial chain system," said Xu Niansha (徐念沙), President of the China Machinery Industry Federation (中国机械工业联合会).
Stronger Skills
High-performance industrial robots for heavy-duty, welding, and spraying applications have been successfully applied.
At the 25th China International Industry Fair, an Estun (埃斯顿) heavy-duty robot grabbed a 1200 kg weight and repeatedly moved it, maintaining stability throughout the process.
"End-of-arm load is one of the key functional technical indicators of robots. As industrial robots are integrated into manufacturing processes, the market demand for heavy-duty robots with high rigidity, high precision, and high reliability is increasing," said the relevant person in charge of Nanjing Estun Automation Co., Ltd. (南京埃斯顿自动化股份有限公司).
China's heavy-duty robots used to rely heavily on imports, and the market share of domestic equipment was once less than 3%. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Chinese companies achieved a group breakthrough. Estun's (埃斯顿) 700 kg industrial robot launched in 2024 received hundreds of orders, and this year it launched a 1000 kg product.
Welding is the "sewing thread" of modern industry. "Our welding robots can achieve high-speed, high-load, and high-stability spot welding operations. The fastest welding time for a single solder joint is only 2.2 seconds," said the relevant person in charge of Siasun Robot & Automation Co., Ltd. (沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司).
Looking at painting, traditional production lines require 3 to 5 days to paint a complete vehicle, while production lines using Efort (埃夫特) robots can complete the process in just over 80 seconds.
"The new technology launched this year allows robots to integrate intelligent process systems internally, automatically completing processes such as color matching, color changing, spraying, and cleaning," said Wang JinSong (王劲松), an engineer at Efort Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd. (埃夫特智能机器人股份有限公司).
In the first three quarters of this year, China's industrial robot production reached 595,000 units, exceeding the total for last year.
Better Support
The localization rate of complete machine products of key industry enterprises exceeds 80%.
The rapid development of the robot industry is inseparable from the accumulation of the industrial chain.
From high-precision reducers and high-performance servo systems to intelligent controllers, the supporting capabilities of key components are steadily enhanced.
Harmonic reducers, the "joints" of robots, are mainly divided into flexsplines, wave generators, and circular splines. Among them, the flexspline has a wall thickness of only 0.2 mm, and the machining accuracy of its involute tooth shape needs to reach the micron level. Foreign companies' products are expensive and have long delivery cycles. Today, the domestic market share of domestic harmonic reducers exceeds 40%.
"After more than 20 years of research and development, we have basically approached the level of international leading companies in key parameters such as rated torque and repeat positioning accuracy," said Li Qian (李谦), Deputy General Manager of Leaderdrive (绿的谐波).
Servo motors are the "muscles" of robots and are a key factor in the precise movement of robot joints. Inovance Technology Co., Ltd. (深圳市汇川技术股份有限公司) has a market share in the domestic servo system market that exceeds foreign brands.
At the Inovance (汇川) production base in Yueyang (岳阳), Hunan (湖南), the rotor production line has achieved full-process automation, and the automation rate of the stator production line has also reached 70%. "Intelligent production lines not only ensure the high precision and high reliability of products, but also make customized services possible," said the relevant person in charge of Inovance Technology (汇川技术).
At the same time, domestic suppliers are playing an increasingly important role in the production and manufacturing of robots. Song Xiaogang (宋晓刚), Executive Vice Chairman of the Robot Branch of the China Machinery Industry Federation (中国机械工业联合会机器人分会), introduced that China's robot supporting industrial system is increasingly complete, the technical level and industrialization capabilities have been greatly improved, and the localization rate of robot complete machine products of key industry enterprises exceeds 80%.
Wider Application
Manufacturing robot density ranks third in the world.
By the end of 2024, the number of industrial robots in China exceeded 2 million units, ranking first in the world.
In 2024, the sales volume of industrial robots in the Chinese market reached 302,000 units, an increase of 68.7% compared to 2020, accounting for 54% of the total global sales.
In terms of application scope, as of 2024, independent brand industrial robots in China have cumulatively covered 71 major categories and 241 medium categories of the national economy, covering 51% of the medium categories of the national economy, an increase of 19 major categories and 98 medium categories compared to 2020.
Among them, the manufacturing robot density jumped from eighth in the world in 2020 to third in the world in 2024.
Robots are accelerating their entry into factories. China has built more than 35,000 basic-level, more than 230 excellent-level intelligent factories, and 1,260 5G factories.
Looking to the future, intelligence and segmentation are two key development directions.
"As artificial intelligence technology accelerates its penetration into vertical industries, robots are deeply integrated with artificial intelligence technology," said Song Xiaogang (宋晓刚). Robots are accelerating their transformation from "functional equipment" that performs repetitive and programmed tasks in the past to "intelligent partners" with perception, decision-making, and autonomous execution capabilities.
Recently, Efort (埃夫特) launched a voice interaction palletizing robot that can be operated through voice commands without programming.
"Ordinary robots only have the function of 'hands'. This product also has 'eyes' and 'ears'," said the relevant person in charge of Efort (埃夫特). The "eyes" combine visual technology to clearly locate the position of objects through cameras; the "ears" combine voice recognition and big data models to automatically record instructions and generate code.
Segmentation is also the direction of the robot industry's efforts. In response to the problem of some companies over-concentrating on a few tracks, leading to fierce competition, Song Xiaogang (宋晓刚) said: "We will guide companies to expand and deepen various application fields in manufacturing and service industries, develop differentiated development, and discover more business opportunities."
This issue is coordinated by: Han Wenrong (韩文榕)
Return to TopBy: 陈 丹
For 12 consecutive years, China has remained the world's largest application market for industrial robots. While the scale and volume continue to reach new highs, the industry has also achieved a qualitative leap.
Performance and quality have steadily improved, with several companies launching six-axis robots with a load capacity of over 500 kg, and the longest average trouble-free operation time of domestic robots reaching 120,000 hours. The product structure continues to be optimized. In 2024, sales of independent brand multi-joint robots exceeded 100,000 units for the first time, increasing their proportion of total sales to 60.9%.
The industry is developing rapidly, but high-end components, operating systems, virtual simulation platforms, etc., still rely on imports. The usability and intelligence of complete machines are still far from user expectations, and application experience and high-quality data accumulation in high-end fields need to be strengthened.
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (党的二十届四中全会) proposed, "Adhere to focusing on the development of the economy on the real economy, and adhere to the direction of intelligence, greening, and integration."
Intelligence requires production and manufacturing equipment to have self-adaptation, autonomous learning, and other capabilities, which directly drives huge market demand for intelligent robots; greening requires energy conservation and consumption reduction in manufacturing, and industrial robots can help achieve lean production and reduce material and energy waste; integration promotes the deep integration of robot technology with new technologies such as large models and embodied intelligence, and also requires collaborative innovation between the robot industry and industries such as lithium batteries and communications, which creates opportunities for the improvement of robot capabilities and the establishment of a new technological innovation ecosystem.
Looking to the future, China's industrial robots will be more intelligent and easier to use, human-machine collaboration will become the norm, and it will become an important support for cultivating new quality productive forces.
(The author is the Deputy Secretary-General of the Robot Branch of the China Machinery Industry Federation (中国机械工业联合会机器人分会), interviewed and compiled by Li Xinping (李心萍), a reporter from this newspaper.)
Return to TopOn November 27, the China-Europe Railway Express was ready to depart at the Manzhouli Station (满洲里站) of the China Railway Harbin Bureau Group Co., Ltd. (中国铁路哈尔滨局集团有限公司). As of November 27, as an important part of the "Eastern Corridor" of the China-Europe Railway Express, the Manzhouli Railway Port (满洲里铁路口岸) has seen its cargo throughput exceed 20 million tons this year, a year-on-year increase of 0.3%, reaching a record high.
Photo by Huang Xu (黄旭) (Xinhua News Agency (新华社) )
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 刘新吾 罗珊珊
At the foot of Mount Mingyue (明月山), where the Yangtze River (长江) meanders, the water is deep and the banks are wide. The Guoyuan Port (果园港) in Chongqing Liangjiang New Area (重庆两江新区) is like a pearl inlaid, displaying a bustling scene.
In January 2016, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) visited Guoyuan Port (果园港) for inspection. Seeing the port area's complete facilities and initial scale, the General Secretary pointed out: "There is great hope here." The General Secretary urged to build, manage, and operate the port well, with first-class facilities, first-class technology, first-class management, and first-class service, to serve the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (长江经济带), the construction of the "Belt and Road" initiative, and the in-depth promotion of the Western Development strategy.
The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal states: "A higher-level opening-up institutional mechanism will be more sound."
Bearing in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) earnest entrustment, Guoyuan Port (果园港) has deeply practiced the new development concept, growing from a former bulk cargo terminal to China's largest inland river "water-rail-road" multimodal transport hub port, reaching more than 300 ports in over 100 countries and regions, powerfully driving the opening and development of Chongqing (重庆) and even the western region.
Innovative Model, "Yu Vehicle" Overseas Acceleration
Chongqing (重庆) is a major automobile city. Longsheng New City (龙盛新城), where Guoyuan Port (果园港) is located, is the gathering place of Chongqing's (重庆) automobile industry.
In the early morning, at the ro-ro vehicle terminal of Guoyuan Port (果园港), new energy vehicles emerge one after another, heading straight for the ro-ro ships, and are shipped overseas via river-sea intermodal transport.
"The port serves the industry, and the industry supports the port. Guoyuan Port (果园港) and Chongqing's (重庆) automobile industry complement each other," said the relevant person in charge of Chongqing Guoyuan Ro-Ro Terminal Co., Ltd. (重庆果园滚装码头有限公司).
Seeking efficiency through reform.
In July of this year, the new model of "Yu Vehicle Export · River-Sea Intermodal Transport" ro-ro transport full-process intelligent supervision was successfully tested. This model allows complete exported vehicles to complete customs procedures in Chongqing (重庆), and then be transferred to Shanghai (上海) and other places via ro-ro ships for direct transshipment to seagoing vessels for export. It has the advantages of convenient loading and unloading and large carrying capacity, which can shorten the entire logistics time by about 10 days, and save about 1,500 yuan in comprehensive costs such as storage fees and labor costs per vehicle.
Seeking momentum through opening up.
"Yu Vehicle" exports also include the important aspect of parts exports.
At Guoyuan Port (果园港), Changan Minsheng Logistics Co. (长安民生物流公司) collects and packages automobile parts from all over the country for export, and transports them to overseas factories for assembly, reducing logistics costs by 40% compared to complete vehicle transportation.
"Through Guoyuan Port (果园港), our export packaging and logistics business has grown rapidly," said Wang Xingwei (王星炜), manager of the International Business Department of Changan Minsheng Logistics Co. (长安民生物流公司). In the first three quarters of this year, the company has shipped more than 25,000 sets of automobile parts.
Driven by open windows such as Guoyuan Port (果园港), "Yu Vehicles" are efficiently exported, and industrial development is on the fast track. According to Chongqing Customs (重庆海关) statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, Chongqing's (重庆) exports of electric vehicles were 9.79 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 69.1%, of which self-owned brand electric vehicles accounted for more than 90%. Chongqing (重庆) is forming an intelligent networked new energy vehicle industry cluster, and "Chongqing-made" automobiles are gradually shifting to the mid-to-high end.
Multimodal Transport, Promoting Coordinated Development
Guoyuan Port (果园港) is an important hub of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (西部陆海新通道).
Not long ago, a batch of chemical products from Yunnan (云南) were loaded onto cargo ships and sailed from Zhaotong Shuifu Port (昭通水富港), arrived at Guoyuan Port (果园港), and then were shipped to Qinzhou Port (钦州港) in Guangxi (广西) via the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (西部陆海新通道), and then arrived in Southeast Asia by sea. Compared with the previous route eastward along the Yangtze River (长江) and then to Southeast Asia, it can save 15 days.
Now, the "Shuifu Port (水富港) - Guoyuan Port (果园港)" container liner route is operating stably, with 3 to 4 sailings per week. According to customer needs, it can realize "two places and two ports" daily operation.
"We realize 'water-rail-road' multimodal transport. Goods gather here, and different needs can find suitable transportation methods," said Xie Songyu (谢淞郁), business department manager of Chongqing Guoyuan Port Terminal Co., Ltd. (重庆果园港埠有限公司). Now, starting from Guoyuan Port (果园港), it can connect to trains in Yunnan (云南), Guizhou (贵州), Sichuan (四川), Shaanxi (陕西), Xinjiang (新疆) and other places, forming a railway-water intermodal transport network radiating southwest and northwest regions.
Among the goods exported through Guoyuan Port (果园港), the amount of local goods in Chongqing (重庆) accounts for only about half. The large inflow and outflow of goods promotes the coordinated development of industries in the western region.
A batch of Guizhou (贵州) phosphate fertilizer is shipped to Guoyuan Port (果园港) by rail, transferred and shipped down the river to the eastern region. "The use of rail-water intermodal transport mode saves us more than 20 yuan per ton of logistics costs compared to our previous railway transport mode, and can save more than 20 million yuan in logistics costs throughout the year," said a staff member of Guizhou Phosphate Chemical Group Logistics Company (贵州磷化集团物流公司).
Glass substrates flowing upstream from the Yangtze River (长江) are transported to multiple provinces in the west at Guoyuan Port (果园港), made into LCD screens for various electronic products, and then transported to Europe and Southeast Asia through the China-Europe Railway Express and the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (西部陆海新通道); logs and printers transported back by the China-Europe Railway Express are transported to the eastern region along the Yangtze River (长江)...
The Yangtze River (长江) golden waterway, the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor (西部陆海新通道), and the China-Europe Railway Express (Chengdu-Chongqing) (中欧班列（成渝）) are connected here, and a "transfer station" for multinational trade is accelerating its growth.
Smart Empowerment, Openness Level Leap
Walking into the Guoyuan Port (果园港) terminal, five 5,000-ton cargo ships are connected end to end on the shoreline, loading and unloading in an orderly manner. Orange yard bridges in the stacking yard accurately grab containers, but there are few workers on site.
In the remote control room not far away, the yard bridge driver clicks the mouse lightly to control the yard bridge boom to move accurately and steadily lift dozens of tons of containers.
"It's like operating a 'claw machine'," said Hu Wanqi (胡万琪), deputy director of the Operations Department of Chongqing Guoyuan Container Terminal Co., Ltd. (重庆果园集装箱码头有限公司) with a smile. In the past, container loading and unloading operations required drivers to go up and down the yard bridge more than 20 meters high and transfer between sites. One driver could only operate one yard bridge, and the effective working time of the yard bridge was 18 hours per day.
In 2016, Guoyuan Port (果园港) officially launched the construction of a smart port to promote the upgrading of traditional container terminals to multimodal transport hub ports. Today, eight major smart application scenarios such as container management system, paperless platform, and remote-controlled yard bridge have been implemented here.
Now, through the remote control system, one driver can control multiple yard bridges to operate, greatly improving work efficiency. New energy unmanned container trucks have been put into use. Relying on new technologies such as 5G and Beidou positioning, they can work in coordination with the vehicle management system and the remote-controlled yard bridge system to autonomously plan the optimal route in real time. The average daily workload reaches 180, effectively alleviating the problem of tight port capacity.
The tentacles of intelligence continue to extend to every corner of Guoyuan Port (果园港). Fang Liang (方亮), deputy general manager of Chongqing Guoyuan Container Terminal Co., Ltd. (重庆果园集装箱码头有限公司), introduced that the port has realized electronic documents, unmanned gates, and intelligent tallying, and unmanned intelligent trucks and manned trucks operate in mixed operations.
Smart transformation is driving the leap in the port's openness level - statistics show that the improvement of port operation efficiency has driven the acceleration of cargo turnover by 15%, reducing logistics costs for enterprises by more than 100 million yuan per year.
The sky is clear, the air is fresh, and the blue waves are rippling. On the Yangtze River (长江), cargo ships shuttle back and forth. Deeply implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions, Guoyuan Port (果园港) has turned the blueprint of hope into reality. Steadily moving towards the "15th Five-Year Plan", this open land is writing a new era of brilliance with high-quality development.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 刘温馨
Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with five other departments, jointly issued the "Implementation Plan on Enhancing the Adaptability of Consumer Goods Supply and Demand to Further Promote Consumption" (hereinafter referred to as the "Implementation Plan"). On the morning of November 27, the State Council Information Office held a routine policy briefing, where Xie Yuansheng (谢远生), Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and others introduced the relevant situation.
Realizing the Transformation of Production and Consumption from Quantity to Quality
"Overall, China's consumer goods supply has entered a new stage of high-quality and reasonably priced development, basically meeting the people's needs for a better life. However, structural mismatches between supply and demand still exist in some areas." Xie Yuansheng (谢远生) said, such as the relatively few high-end brands in the domestic jewelry, luggage, and cosmetics fields; insufficient innovation, application, and supply of new products that meet residents' quality and personalized needs; and some consumption hotspots have not been fully supplied.
Focusing on the main areas and links of supply-demand mismatch, the "Implementation Plan" proposes measures in five aspects.
Expand incremental supply and accelerate the innovation and application of new technologies and models. Create a batch of landmark products and first-use scenario models in key areas, promote new manufacturing models that efficiently respond to flexible production and user-participated design, improve service platforms such as pilot verification, and promote the integration of new technologies such as artificial intelligence into the entire chain of research and development, production, sales, and application.
Deeply tap into existing stock and expand the supply of characteristic and new products. Aiming at new and key areas of consumption such as green, health, rural, and Guochao (国潮, Chinese-style trends), accelerate the research and development of special dietary foods, leisure sports, and other products, improve the energy efficiency and water efficiency limit standards of consumer goods, promote the directory of high-quality sports products and the consumption map of historical classic products, and carry out巡展 (xún zhǎn - "touring exhibitions") of famous and high-quality products and activities to rural areas.
Segment the market and accurately match the needs of different groups of people. Focusing on the differentiated needs of different age groups such as "the elderly, children, youth, and middle-aged," implement a three-year action to protect the safety of children's and students' supplies, promote the technological transformation and upgrading of audio-visual-friendly electronic information products, cultivate independent designers and brand studios, carry out activities to benefit the elderly and assist enterprises with high-quality elderly products, and promote the aging-friendly transformation of homes.
Empower scenarios and cultivate new consumption scenarios and new business forms. Propose to actively cultivate first-release platforms and carriers, promote the first release, first exhibition, and first show of consumer goods; orderly develop new business forms such as curated retail; establish and improve quality standards and certification systems for shared products and services, and regulate the development of shared consumption.
Optimize the environment and create good development conditions. Propose to make good use of the "two new" policies and strengthen financial support; cultivate a Chinese consumer brand matrix and create brand activities such as "Buy in China"; crack down on illegal advertising, counterfeit and shoddy products, and other behaviors, accelerate the updating and upgrading of consumer goods safety, performance, environmental protection, and other standards, and maintain market order.
"The 'Implementation Plan' is expected to promote the dynamic balance of supply and demand at a higher level in about 5 years, allowing the people to enjoy higher-quality products and services," said Xie Yuansheng (谢远生).
It is Expected to Generate a New Consumption Market of Several Trillion Yuan in Key Areas
The "Implementation Plan" proposes that by 2027, three trillion-yuan-level consumption fields and ten hundred-billion-yuan-level consumption hotspots will be formed.
"On the one hand, by improving product quality, increasing cultural connotation, and injecting intelligent and green elements, we will promote the 'value leap' of traditional consumer goods; on the other hand, we will create completely new products and services around new groups of people, new scenarios, new concepts, and new needs." Xie Yuansheng (谢远生) said that the trillion-yuan-level consumption fields include elderly products, intelligent connected vehicles, and consumer electronics, while the hundred-billion-yuan-level consumption hotspots include infant and child products, smart wearable products, cosmetics, fitness equipment, outdoor products, pet food and supplies, civilian drones, trendy toys, jewelry, and Guochao (国潮, Chinese-style trends) clothing.
Currently, these fields have shown strong growth momentum and huge development potential, making the consumer market show important characteristics such as diversification and vitality. For example, Guochao (国潮, Chinese-style trends), cultural and creative, and intangible cultural heritage products, "consumption shows a strong demand and sufficient vitality, and many popular products that are popular among tourists have emerged, which not only meet consumption needs but also enhance cultural identity and spiritual satisfaction." Miao Muyang (缪沐阳), Director of the Industrial Development Department of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, said that the Ministry of Culture and Tourism will focus on both supply and demand, continue to support the launch of new high-quality cultural and tourism products, promote the renewal of cultural and tourism consumption scenarios, and guide the innovation of cultural and tourism consumption activities.
"In terms of meeting the needs of young people, we must highlight personalized expression and fashion leadership." He Yaqiong (何亚琼), Director of the Department of Consumer Goods Industry of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will support the development of more products that combine cultural connotation and fashion attitude, such as Guochao (国潮, Chinese-style trends) clothing, designer joint models, and IP cultural and creative products, and cultivate original design forces; encourage the development of new service models such as private customization to meet consumers' personalized and diversified consumption needs.
In recent years, the widespread application of artificial intelligence technology is profoundly changing the form and experience of the consumer market and has become a catalyst for promoting consumption. Future consumption is no longer just about buying a product, but also about subscribing to a lifestyle. He Yaqiong (何亚琼) said that the next step will be to adhere to demand-driven, technology-driven, and ecological collaboration, and fully promote the deep integration of new-generation information technologies such as artificial intelligence with the consumer goods field, and continuously expand new consumption scenarios.
Synergistically Increase the Contribution Rate of Consumption to Economic Growth
The "Implementation Plan" proposes that by 2030, a high-quality development pattern in which supply and consumption interact positively and promote each other will be basically formed, and the contribution rate of consumption to economic growth will steadily increase. To achieve a higher level of dynamic balance between supply and demand, relevant departments need to strengthen coordination and linkage to ensure that policies are implemented and put into practice.
Since the beginning of this year, commodity consumption has maintained a steady development trend. In the first 10 months, the retail sales of commodities reached 36.6 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.4%, and the growth rate was 1.2 percentage points faster than the same period last year. "The Ministry of Commerce has deeply implemented special actions to boost consumption, created the 'Buy in China' brand, and promoted the connection between supply and demand. As of the end of October, the trade-in of consumer goods in 2025 has driven sales of more than 2.4 trillion yuan, benefiting more than 360 million people." Yang Nie (杨枿), head of the Department of Market Operation and Consumption Promotion of the Ministry of Commerce, said that the Ministry of Commerce will promote the expansion and upgrading of commodity consumption from aspects such as promoting bulk consumption, expanding new consumption, and creating an internationalized consumption environment.
"The National Development and Reform Commission will improve the quality level of supply from three aspects: strengthening technological leadership, improving brand standards, and focusing on people's livelihood needs, and promote high-quality consumer goods to enter residents' lives." Wu Yuetao (吴越涛), Director of the Department of Employment, Income Distribution and Consumption of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that in technological innovation, the "Artificial Intelligence +" action will be implemented in depth to promote the "Internet of Everything" for smart terminals; in scenario innovation, the list of application scenario projects will be accelerated, and a number of major projects will be organized and implemented around the construction of comprehensive major scenarios to create a batch of new consumption scenarios with a wide driving range and strong demonstration; and enterprises will also be gradually guided to increase the supply of high-quality aging-friendly products, strengthen the precise connection between supply and demand, and promote the expansion and quality improvement of the silver economy.
New products are emerging one after another, which also puts forward higher requirements for the quality and safety of consumer goods. "The State Administration for Market Regulation focuses on key groups such as 'the elderly and children,' key links such as online sales, and key areas such as smart and green products, and uses the improvement of consumer goods quality to drive the release of consumption demand." Ji Xiaoling (嵇小灵), Market Inspection Commissioner of the State Administration for Market Regulation, said that it will accelerate the construction of a full-chain governance pattern for the quality and safety of consumer goods and strengthen the normalized supervision of consumer goods; continue to organize and handle a number of typical cases, strengthen the connection between administration and criminal justice and public exposure, and fully purify the consumer market; strengthen the research and development of relevant standards for supplies for "the elderly and children," smart homes, the sharing economy, and energy efficiency and water efficiency to adapt to the changing trends in residents' consumption structure and lead new demand with new supply.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 王 尧 李 霞 冯学知
On the afternoon of November 26, a level-five fire occurred at Hong Fuk Court in Tai Po District (大埔区), New Territories (新界), Hong Kong (香港), a disaster that has touched the hearts of all sectors of society.
After the accident, President Xi Jinping (习近平) attached great importance to it, immediately learning about the fire rescue and casualties. He instructed the head of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong (中央政府驻香港联络办) to convey to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (香港特区) Chief Executive John Lee (李家超) his condolences to the victims and the firefighters who died in the line of duty, and his sympathy to the families of the victims and the affected people. He requested that the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council (中央港澳办) and the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong support the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government in going all out to extinguish the fire, doing everything possible to search for and rescue people, treat the injured, and provide proper resettlement and comfort. He also requested that relevant departments and local authorities provide necessary assistance to minimize casualties and losses from the fire.
John Lee (李家超) expressed his heartfelt thanks to President Xi Jinping (习近平) for his concern, and also thanked the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council (中央港澳办) and the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong (中央政府驻香港联络办) for their full support. All departments of the SAR government are going all out to extinguish the fire, rescue trapped residents, and treat the injured, and all sectors of society are working together and helping each other.
On November 27, our reporter rushed to the scene of the accident and temporary shelters to conduct interviews.
The Fire is Under Effective Control
On the morning of the 27th, firefighters rescued an elderly man from the 31st floor of Hong Tai House (宏泰阁) in Hong Fuk Court (宏福苑). During the rescue operation, the Fire Services Department dispatched more than 200 fire trucks and about 100 ambulances, deploying more than 1,200 firefighters and paramedics.
On the afternoon of the 27th, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government Fire Services Department Deputy Director Wong Ka-wing (黄嘉荣) said that of the eight buildings in Hong Fuk Court (宏福苑), one was not affected, the fire in four buildings was largely extinguished, and the fire in the remaining three buildings had been effectively controlled.
John Lee (李家超) said that the SAR government has arranged to inspect all housing estates undergoing major repairs throughout Hong Kong to review the safety of scaffolding and building materials. The police and fire departments have established a task force to conduct a comprehensive investigation. The Housing Bureau's independent review team will investigate whether the external wall protection materials of the buildings meet the recognized fire resistance standards.
At dawn on the 27th, the Hong Kong police and fire department held a press conference announcing that the police had arrested three men suspected of manslaughter. The Hong Kong police launched an investigation and found that the exterior walls of the building had protective nets, waterproof tarpaulins, and plastic sheets, which were suspected of not meeting fire protection standards. The elevator lobbies on each floor of the unaffected buildings were sealed with flammable styrofoam, which could not be ruled out as a cause of the fire spreading.
According to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government Fire Services Department, as of 10:00 p.m. on the 27th, the level-five fire in Tai Po (大埔) had resulted in 75 deaths, including one firefighter who died in the line of duty.
All Sectors of Society Provide Rapid Support
To resettle the affected residents, the SAR government has set up several temporary shelters in the vicinity of the incident. On the morning of the 27th, the reporter came to the Tai Po Community Centre (大埔社区中心). Various relief supplies were placed on the first floor of the center, and volunteers were busy sorting and transporting them.
"I rushed here to help at 2 a.m., and many people also rushed over from all directions," said Chu Wai-ho (朱伟豪), president of the Hong Kong Chiu Yang Lions Club (香港朝阳狮子会), adding that the club had prepared 1,000 boxes of love meals.
"I came early in the morning to help transport supplies," said Ms. Zhong (钟), a member of the Hong Kong Shandong Rizhao Fellow Association (香港山东日照同乡联谊会). "Many firefighters have been fighting continuously, and their shoes and socks are soaked. They are very hardworking! The Fellow Association bought more than 500 pairs of socks from Shenzhen (深圳), waiting to give them to them."
At the Tai Po Tung Chang Street Sports Centre (大埔东昌街体育馆) temporary shelter, more than 10 citizens wanted to donate supplies every two or three minutes. The organizers wrote a notice: "Sufficient supplies, thank you Hong Kong people for your kindness."
The Church of Christ in China, Feng Liang Jie Memorial Secondary School (中华基督教会冯梁结纪念中学), is the closest temporary shelter to the scene of the incident. At the scene, volunteers distributed food, clothing, quilts, etc., and the work was in good order.
Many Hong Kong citizens spontaneously went to blood donation stations to donate blood. At noon on the 27th, long queues formed at the Tsuen Wan Blood Donation Centre (荃湾捐血站), and appointments for blood donation at the Causeway Bay Blood Donation Centre (铜锣湾捐血站), Kwun Tong Blood Donation Centre (观塘捐血站), and Wan Chai Blood Donation Centre (湾仔捐血站) were fully booked. Cheung Mei-hung (张美雄), a Sai Kung District Councillor (西贡区议员) who went to the Kwun Tong Blood Donation Centre (观塘捐血站) to donate blood, said: "Let's continue to help each other and get through this difficult time together."
Deep Brotherly Affection and Selfless Mutual Assistance
The Mainland and Macao responded quickly, joining hands with Hong Kong society to overcome the difficulties together.
On the 27th, the Red Cross Society of China (中国红十字会总会) donated RMB 2 million to the Hong Kong Red Cross (香港红十字会) for emergency rescue and humanitarian assistance. The Macao Red Cross (澳门红十字会) donated HKD 500,000 to the Hong Kong Red Cross (香港红十字会) specifically for fire emergency rescue and resettlement of affected people. The China Merchants Charitable Foundation (招商局慈善基金会) allocated HKD 20 million to establish a special charitable fund for emergency disaster relief and post-disaster recovery.
Chinese-funded enterprises in Hong Kong have extended a helping hand to alleviate difficulties. JD Logistics (京东物流) allocated urgently needed items such as bed sheets, warm bedding, hygiene products, towels, instant noodles, and drinking water, and arranged special vehicles to deliver them in a timely manner. The Bauhinia Culture Group (紫荆文化集团) arranged for its affiliated institutions to provide hundreds of affected students with more than HKD 2 million worth of new textbooks and stationery free of charge.
China Resources Group (华润集团) coordinated its hotel and apartment resources to provide temporary accommodation for affected citizens. Secretary for Home and Youth Affairs Alice Mak Mei-kuen (麦美娟) said: "We have jointly provided transitional housing with the Housing Bureau, and charitable organizations and the hotel industry have also provided short-term accommodation arrangements for affected citizens. We will do everything we can to accompany citizens through the difficulties."
John Lee (李家超) said that the SAR government will do its best to provide support and assistance, and all sectors of society have also demonstrated a selfless spirit of mutual assistance, highlighting the brilliance of human nature everywhere. The SAR government will unite with all Hong Kong people, 众志成城 (zhòng zhì chéng chéng - "unity is strength," when people are united, they can achieve anything), and firmly believes that Hong Kong will be able to overcome the difficulties hand in hand.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 王乐文 方 敏
In Jiaozuo (焦作市), Henan Province, three plaques in the exhibition hall of Do-Fluoride New Materials Co., Ltd. are impressive.
In 1989, the company name was "Jiaozuo Cryolite Factory (焦作市冰晶石厂)", in 2004 it was changed to "Do-Fluoride Chemicals Co., Ltd. (多氟多化工股份有限公司)", and it was not until 2021 that it was changed to its current name.
"Each name change corresponds to an industrial upgrade," said Li Shijiang (李世江), chairman of the company. Benchmarking against international advanced levels, Do-Fluoride has successively overcome many difficult problems such as raw material purification, and developed high-purity crystalline lithium hexafluorophosphate, promoting more than 10 upstream and downstream enterprises to embark on the road of transformation.
This is a microcosm of Jiaozuo's (焦作市) transformation and development in recent years, moving towards "new."
In May of this year, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized during his inspection in Henan: "It is necessary to further consolidate the foundation of the real economy, take scientific and technological innovation as the lead, develop new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, and enhance the supporting capacity of the modern industrial system for high-quality development." In September 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized during his inspection in Henan: "Take the high-quality development of manufacturing as the main direction of attack, and put innovation in a prominent position in the overall development."
Thoroughly implementing the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important instructions, Jiaozuo (焦作市) promotes the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, focuses on cultivating new quality productive forces, and vigorously develops emerging industries.
On the intelligent cement production line of Qianye Cement Company (千业水泥公司), a subsidiary of Jiaozuo Coal Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. (焦作煤业（集团）有限责任公司), the vertical mill continuously "eats" coal gangue and "spits out" powder with a particle size of 0.2 mm. "These powders will eventually be converted into high-quality cement products," said Tang Shijie (唐世界), general manager of Jiaomei Group (焦煤集团). After technical transformation, the comprehensive utilization rate of coal by-products and wastes has reached more than 85%. The proportion of operating income of non-coal industries such as chemical industry, high-end building materials, and equipment manufacturing has increased from less than 30% 15 years ago to more than 60% at present.
Since 2023, Jiaozuo (焦作) has invested a total of 127 million yuan to provide more than 1,100 enterprises above designated size with multiple support such as digital transformation diagnosis services, R&D expense subsidies, and financing guarantees.
At present, Jiaozuo's (焦作) 363 high-end, intelligent, and green transformation projects and 440 industrial transformation and upgrading projects are being steadily promoted. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," the city has cumulatively implemented 1,946 high-end, intelligent, and green transformation projects, completed an investment of 227.2 billion yuan, and achieved full coverage of green factories, green parks, green products, and green supply chains, and successfully created a national industrial resource comprehensive utilization base.
Moving towards "new," technological innovation drives industrial innovation.
Relying on comparative advantages such as multiple industrial application scenarios and a good industrial foundation, Jiaozuo (焦作) has embarked on a differentiated development path—vigorously building pilot test bases to attract scientific research results to Jiaozuo (焦作) for pilot testing, and then encouraging them to stay in Jiaozuo (焦作) and be used in Jiaozuo (焦作).
In Qinyang City (沁阳市), Jiaozuo (焦作), the first phase of the industrialization project with an annual output of 240 tons of functional fibers has been completed and put into production. "Previously, we developed a cutting-edge new material, but we couldn't find a suitable place for pilot testing. In the end, Jiaozuo (焦作) provided the platform, personnel, and application site," said Tian Zhenbang (田振邦), deputy general manager of Henan Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry Co., Ltd. (河南省科学院化学研究所有限公司). "Three pilot production lines are already running in Qinyang (沁阳)."
At present, the Qinyang Science and Technology Innovation Park (沁阳科创园) pilot test base has introduced more than 100 innovation team members and incubated more than 50 technology-based enterprises.
Jiaozuo (焦作) reforms the scientific and technological innovation mechanism, reorganizes the Municipal Industrial Technology Research Institute (市产业技术研究院), adopts a market-oriented service model to help enterprises solve major technical needs; improves enterprise cultivation methods, builds a "micro-growth, small-scale, high-change strong" technology-based enterprise tiered cultivation mechanism, and cultivates 40 provincial gazelle enterprises and 522 national high-tech enterprises...
Moving towards "new," emerging industries gather chains to form momentum.
Jiaozuo (焦作市) has introduced a number of support policies, focusing on the development of lithium, sodium, hydrogen, the three mainstream batteries, and all-vanadium liquid flow and other emerging battery industries, and carried out scientific research cooperation with 12 universities and research institutes, introduced 200 related talents, and cultivated more than 5,000 industrial workers. Now, Zhongzhan District (中站区) has more than 20 new energy battery-related enterprises, forming a complete industrial chain with an output value of nearly 30 billion yuan.
Macun District (马村区) is building a 10 billion-level biomedical industry cluster; Mengzhou City (孟州市) is making every effort to develop electronic information and hydrogen energy industries, attracting and cultivating 10 related enterprises with an annual output value of more than 700 million yuan... Today, the proportion of coal industry in Jiaozuo's (焦作) industrial output value has dropped from the highest 81.7% to 5.2%, and new materials, green food, high-end equipment and auto parts have become Jiaozuo's (焦作) three pillar industries, with the new materials industry scale exceeding 100 billion yuan.
"Bearing in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) earnest entrustment, we will base ourselves on the actual development of Jiaozuo's (焦作) industry, adhere to innovation-led development, strengthen the cultivation of main entities, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, proactively lay out future industries, and show new achievements in the new era and new journey," said Li Yibo (李亦博), Secretary of the Jiaozuo Municipal Party Committee (焦作市委书记).
Return to TopOn November 27th, with the final pair of long steel rails laid on the Shending River Grand Bridge in Shiyan (十堰), Hubei (湖北), the track-laying project for the entire Xi'an-Shiyan High-Speed Railway (西十高铁) was successfully completed, laying the foundation for subsequent joint commissioning and testing. The Xi'an-Shiyan High-Speed Railway is an important component of the national high-speed railway network, with a main line length of 255.7 kilometers and a designed speed of 350 kilometers per hour. The photo shows the construction site of the Shending River Grand Bridge (神定河特大桥) on the same day.
Xinhua News Agency reporter Du Zixuan (杜子璇) photo
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 郁静娴
The Guxi River (姑溪河), a tributary of the Yangtze River (长江), is located in Dangtu County (当涂县), Ma'anshan City (马鞍山市), Anhui Province (安徽省). Cheng Youqing (程友清) and several other assistant patrol members carefully surveyed and recorded the area while riding a patrol boat.
"In winter, the water level is low, and the fish swim deeper," said Cheng Youqing (程友清), turning his past fishing experience into a firm action to protect the Yangtze River (长江). For the past three years, he has participated in the Yangtze River (长江) Ecological Protection Foundation's (长江生态保护基金会) finless porpoise scientific expeditions every year. Seeing the mother river gradually recover, he feels sincerely gratified.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "Resolutely promote the 'ten-year fishing ban' on the Yangtze River (长江) and consolidate the achievements already made."
This is a profound adjustment in the relationship between humans and nature.
Affected by human activities, the Yangtze River's (长江) aquatic biological integrity index once reached the worst "no fish" level. Starting from January 1, 2021, a permanent fishing ban, tentatively set for ten years, has been implemented in key waters of the Yangtze River (长江) basin, including "one river, one estuary, two lakes, and seven rivers" (一江一口两湖七河).
Now, the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江) has been underway for nearly five years and is about to enter its second half.
Aquatic biological resources and diversity are increasing, and the Yangtze River (长江) is gradually restoring its vitality.
"Look, finless porpoises!" At the tourist boat terminal of the Shizhong Mountain (石钟山) scenic area in Hukou County (湖口县), Jiangxi Province (江西省), tourists pressed their shutters to take pictures. Not far away, two finless porpoises sometimes jumped out of the water and sometimes dived into the water, leaving circles of ripples.
The "smiling angels" in the Yangtze River (长江) frequently appear, capturing vivid images. "With the fishermen ashore and the cleaning of fishing boats and gear, the habitat of the Yangtze finless porpoise has been significantly improved," said Zhan Shupin (詹书品), head of the Fisheries and Fishery Administration Division of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jiangxi Province (江西省农业农村厅渔业渔政处). In the Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) area, the distribution range of finless porpoises has increased and spread to tributary waters.
According to the results of the Yangtze finless porpoise basin-wide scientific expedition conducted every five years, the population of Yangtze finless porpoises in 2022 was 1,249, an increase of 237 compared to 2017, achieving a historic halt to the decline and a rebound.
The return of flagship species is an important sign that the Yangtze River (长江) ecological chain has been effectively opened up. All indicators of the Yangtze River (长江) are showing a positive trend:
In the Ma'anshan (马鞍山) section of the Yangtze River (长江), the Yangtze River (长江) knife fish population has recovered to four times its pre-fishing ban level; in Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) and its tributary waters, the *Elopichthys bambusa*, which had disappeared for many years, has been monitored for five consecutive years since the fishing ban; in the Hunan (湖南) section of the Yangtze River (长江), Dongting Lake (洞庭湖), Xiang River (湘江), Zi River (资水), Miluo River (汨罗江) and other waters, the frequency of appearance of *Myxocyprinus asiaticus* has increased significantly...
Looking at the quantity, the unit resource volume of the main stream of the Yangtze River (长江) in 2024 increased by 9.5% year-on-year; looking at the species, from 2021 to 2024, a total of 344 species of native fish were monitored in the Yangtze River (长江) basin, an increase of 36 species compared to before the fishing ban (2017 to 2020); looking at the aquatic biological integrity index level, the main stream of the Yangtze River (长江) and Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) have increased by 2 levels compared to the "no fish" level before the fishing ban, Dongting Lake (洞庭湖) has increased by 3 levels, and the Chishui River (赤水河) has been "good" for three consecutive years from 2022 to 2024.
The restoration of aquatic biological habitats is accelerating.
In the Chishui River (赤水河), by the end of last year, a total of 342 small hydropower stations had been dismantled on this first-level tributary of the Yangtze River (长江), and tributaries such as the Datong River (大同河) and Gulin River (古蔺河) have regained natural connectivity.
"Water connectivity is a key indicator for evaluating habitat conditions, and we still need to work harder," said Liu Fei (刘飞), associate researcher at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院水生生物研究所), who is stationed at the Chishui River (赤水河) station. Fish with different ecological habits need diverse habitats. For example, the eggs of the "four major domestic fish" belong to drifting eggs. The fertilized eggs hatch and develop during the drifting process. If the process is too short or the flow rate is too low, the fertilized eggs are likely to sink to the bottom of the water and die due to lack of oxygen. The team has jointly introduced the concept of natural restoration with the management department of the reserve to promote the restoration of the habitat pattern of alternating river beaches and pools, alternating rapids and slow currents, and varying depths.
"Fish that only appeared in the main stream of the Yangtze River (长江) in the past, such as *Percocypris pingi*, *Leptobotia elongate* and *Gobio cylindricus*, are now beginning to enter some tributaries," said Liu Fei (刘飞).
At present, the implementation rate of ecological compensation funds for fishery-related projects in various places has increased from 13% in 2021 to 76%. Last year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) and the Ministry of Water Resources (水利部) carried out 17 ecological regulation experiments on cascade reservoirs, which effectively promoted fish spawning and reproduction.
Protection of the entire life cycle of species is continuously strengthened.
"If the biosphere is regarded as a protective net that underpins ecological balance, then each organism is a knot on the net," said Ou Dongsheng (欧东升), deputy director of the Hunan Provincial Institute of Aquatic Sciences (湖南省水产科学研究所). Strengthening artificial breeding technology support and carrying out scientific and orderly stocking are of great significance for restoring aquatic ecology and rejuvenating fish populations.
In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) has launched projects such as the construction of artificial conservation capacity for key species, and implemented rescue actions for rare and endangered species such as the Chinese sturgeon, Yangtze finless porpoise, and Yangtze sturgeon. Last year, the scale of Chinese sturgeon stocking exceeded 1 million for the first time, and more than 970,000 have been stocked this year. According to monitoring and estimation, more than 60% of individuals enter the ocean through the Yangtze River (长江) estuary. In Sichuan (四川), Yunnan (云南), Qinghai (青海) and other provinces, the full artificial breeding technology of rare native fish such as *Hucho bleekeri*, *Cyprinus yunnanensis*, and *Schizopygopsis pylzovi* has achieved breakthroughs.
Doing everything possible to ensure "stability and prosperity," retired fishermen have started new lives.
The fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江) concerns the livelihoods of 231,000 retired fishermen. What is the production and life of fishermen after they go ashore?
Nanji Township (南矶乡), Xinjian District (新建区), Nanchang City (南昌市), Jiangxi Province (江西省) is located in the hinterland of Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖). A few years ago, Chen Fanpeng (陈凡澎), secretary of the Xiangyang Village (向阳村) branch of Nanji Township (南矶乡), was worried when he held the list of retired fishermen. "The old fishermen are used to living on the island. They can't fish anymore, and they are reluctant to leave."
Now, relying on the island's wetland national nature reserve, the fishermen have opened homestays and farmhouses after training. The peak daily tourist reception volume reaches more than 5,000 people. "Living off the water" has evolved into a new ecological model.
The past predicament and current way out of Xiangyang Village (向阳村) is a microcosm of the re-employment of retired fishermen. Since the fishing ban, a series of policies have been introduced from the state to the local level to do everything possible to ensure that fishermen can "retire, stabilize, and prosper."
Revitalize resources to develop industries.
In Hongxiang Village (洪祥村), Xishunhe Town (西顺河镇), Hongze District (洪泽区), Huai'an City (淮安市), Jiangsu Province (江苏省), the former small fishing village has been transformed into an aquatic product breeding base.
"The crabs raised this year are large and plump, all weighing more than 4.5 taels, so there is no worry about selling them," said Sun Kaijun (孙开军), a retired fisherman whose crab pond ushered in a bumper harvest after autumn. Five years ago, he was still fishing and catching shrimp in the lake area. Now he is engaged in breeding with the cooperative, and his life is more stable.
Policy support, re-employment has a way. "It is not easy to switch from fishing to breeding, and the technical and financial threshold is not low," Zhang Jun (张军), secretary of the general branch of the Hongxiang Village (洪祥村) Party, admitted frankly. In recent years, the Municipal Aquatic Products Station has invited experts to conduct training and guidance on water quality management, feed feeding and other links, and the District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau has coordinated the Postal Savings Bank to provide small-guaranteed loan interest subsidies, and everyone is more motivated. Last year, the output value of the cooperative's crabs was nearly 10 million yuan.
Skills training to send jobs.
Jingzhou (荆州), Hubei (湖北), is a city with the longest shoreline in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (长江) and the largest number of resettled fishermen. Since 2020, Jingzhou (荆州) has held more than 200 related job fairs, providing nearly 20,000 jobs in food processing, textile and clothing, etc. for retired fishermen, and has carried out special training on employment skills, entrepreneurship and domestic services.
"Fishermen are hardworking and can be good at anything after training," said Hu Xirong (胡秀容), head of Hubei Xiaohuya Food Company (湖北小胡鸭食品公司). Transferred fishermen can earn 70,000 to 100,000 yuan a year and enjoy five insurances, and some have become workshop leaders.
In response to the situation that some fishermen are older and have single skills, cities and counties along the river have created public welfare positions such as fish protectors, porpoise protectors, and sturgeon protectors. In the assistant patrol team of the Dangtu County (当涂县) Fishery Resources Protection Association (渔业资源保护协会) where Cheng Youqing (程友清) is located, all 40 assistant patrol members are fishermen who have retired ashore.
Liu Wei (刘炜), member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of the Ma'anshan (马鞍山) Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (马鞍山市农业农村局), introduced that in addition to innovative implementation of "fishing to breeding," carrying out skills training, and developing public welfare positions, the city has also established a "1+2" paired assistance fisherman contact work system. Each retired fisherman is contacted by 2 assistance cadres to form an assistance team to help solve the difficulties and problems encountered in re-employment and resettlement security in a timely manner.
"Retired fishermen have been living on the water and fishing for a long time, and they need special care and concern," said the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) at the on-site promotion meeting on the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江) held in May this year. It will further encourage and support various places to develop facility fisheries, "fishing to breeding" bases and other characteristic industries, guide retired fishermen to continue to work hard towards "prosperity" on the basis of "retirement and stability," and fully stimulate the endogenous power of retired fishermen.
Helping as much as possible and ensuring as much as possible, the sense of security of retired fishermen has continued to increase. As of September 30 this year, all 142,000 retired fishermen with labor ability and willingness to work have achieved re-employment, all 220,000 retired fishermen who meet the conditions for participation in insurance have implemented basic old-age insurance, of which 60,000 retired fishermen have reached the age to receive pensions, and 12,000 people have been included in basic living security such as subsistence allowances and special hardship assistance.
Strengthen overall coordination of the entire basin to enable the Yangtze River (长江) ecosystem to achieve "more fish, abundant species, and stable ecology."
One day in late October, at 2 a.m., a subtle sound of water came from the Xianglushan (香炉山) waters of East Dongting Lake (东洞庭湖). Fishery law enforcement officers rounded up poachers who were collecting nets, seized 3 three-layer gill nets, 2 kayaks, and more than 120 kilograms of various catches.
Tool renovation, "guerrilla" poaching, and the use of fishing for productive fishing... With the initial results of the fishing ban, the pressure to rebound from illegal fishing has increased. In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) and the National Development and Reform Commission (国家发展改革委) have fully supported various places in improving the conditions for fishery law enforcement capabilities, forming a law enforcement pattern that combines human defense and technical defense, and complements special management and group management.
Under strict management, some voices have sometimes appeared: "Will there be too many fish?"
In this regard, the industry has already reached a conclusion. "Overall, according to the current rate of biodiversity recovery and ecological environment conditions, in the future period, the amount of fish resources will still be within the range of resource carrying capacity," said Duan Xinbin (段辛斌), researcher at the Yangtze River (长江) Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所). Although the number of fish in some local waters has increased, and the number of many common fish has recovered significantly, the Yangtze River (长江) ecosystem is still only "recovering from a serious illness." A number can illustrate the problem: the resource volume of eggs and seedlings of the "four major domestic fish" has only recovered to 30.5% of the historical best level.
It is worth noting that the recovery of fish species diversity is currently lagging behind the increase in resource volume. Duan Xinbin (段辛斌) said that the recovery rate of some historically common native fish and rare and unique species is still relatively slow, and the level of biodiversity still has a gap with the requirements of ecosystem health. For example, species such as the Chinese sturgeon and Yangtze sturgeon have not yet escaped the endangered state, and the population structure of some small and medium-sized fish and benthic organisms has not been completely restored in local waters.
On March 18, 2024, the General Office of the State Council (国务院办公厅) issued the "Opinions on Resolutely Promoting the Ten-Year Fishing Ban on the Yangtze River (长江)," which re-emphasized and re-deployed the fishing ban work, sending a clear signal to resolutely promote the fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江). Duan Xinbin (段辛斌) believes that from a policy perspective, on the one hand, a more refined biodiversity monitoring and effect evaluation system should be established, shifting from focusing on "how many more fish there are" to also focusing on "which fish have returned" to provide a basis for precise policy implementation; on the other hand, differentiated ecological management strategies can be explored and implemented to carry out targeted restoration and protection of the habitats of key species.
We should be soberly aware that the survival crisis of species has not been resolved.
In 2022, Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) experienced an extreme dry water level; Yueyang (岳阳), Hunan (湖南), Dongting Lake (洞庭湖) experienced a rare ultra-long dry season... Affected by extreme weather, some large lakes connected to the Yangtze River (长江) and protected waters have frequently called for "thirst" in recent years, and the risk of Yangtze finless porpoises being stranded and trapped has increased.
Zhan Shupin (詹书品) introduced that in response to the increasingly significant hydrological rhythm changes, Jiangxi Province (江西省) has released a warning map of the risk habitat of Yangtze finless porpoises in Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) during different water level periods, established a working mechanism for the protection of finless porpoises and aquatic organisms in Poyang Lake (鄱阳湖) at dry water levels in the province, and implemented 12 control measures such as ship speed limits and the establishment of a 24-hour duty and patrol daily report system.
Ou Dongsheng (欧东升) suggested implementing ecological regulation of reservoirs in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River (长江) and the Dongting Lake (洞庭湖) basin to reduce the impact of water level fluctuations on the key life stages of fish and promote the sustainable restoration of habitats. Next, Hunan (湖南) will systematically carry out key habitat identification and habitat indicator research, and strengthen the protection of spawning grounds, feeding grounds, overwintering grounds and migration channels.
"Water flows and fish swim." To cure the "disease" of the Yangtze River (长江), we must base ourselves on the integrity of the ecosystem and the systematic nature of the basin.
In April this year, in the main stream of the Chishui River (赤水河), scientific researchers achieved the natural spawning and successful hatching of Yangtze sturgeon under artificially modified habitats for the first time.
In Liu Fei's (刘飞) view, the success of this experiment is a reflection of multi-party cooperation. "Under the organization and guidance of the Yangtze River (长江) Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部长江办), from the selection of field test sites and habitat transformation to ecological and hydrological regulation, local agriculture and rural affairs, forestry, navigation, water affairs and other departments have provided full cooperation and support."
"The Yangtze River (长江) basin is a super-large complex ecosystem naturally connected by 'rivers, lakes and seas'," said Duan Xinbin (段辛斌). Under the new situation of the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江), how to handle the relationship between the Yangtze River (长江) and lakes connected to the Yangtze River (长江), maintain the biodiversity of the Yangtze River (长江) basin, and give play to the functions of the lake and river composite ecosystem, further collaborative efforts are needed across basins, regions, and departments. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the overall coordination mechanism of the entire basin under the existing fishing ban framework, promote the establishment of collaborative management based on ecological units; at the same time, actively use modern technological means to improve the efficiency of law enforcement and supervision, and implement a long-term mechanism for the resettlement and security of retired fishermen to ensure that the results of the fishing ban can be consolidated and the ecosystem can be improved from "more fish" to "abundant species and stable ecology."
The great river flows endlessly, day and night. "The Yangtze River (长江) ecosystem has undergone millions of years of evolution and has a strong self-recovery ability. The ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River (长江) is a reasonable cycle that has been deeply studied, tested, evaluated, and scientifically set, and must be resolutely promoted and implemented," said the relevant person in charge of the Yangtze River (长江) Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部长江办). Next, we must optimize and improve the management of the fishing ban in the next five years and the policies and measures for the protection and restoration of aquatic organisms in a targeted manner, and at the same time further strengthen departmental coordination and social participation to build a good pattern of joint protection and promote the overall restoration of the Yangtze River (长江) ecosystem.
Return to TopBy: 李 拯
Since the beginning of this year, from the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development Forum to the Global South Modernization Forum, China's successful poverty reduction practices have continued to attract high attention and heated discussions from the international community. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's poverty reduction cause has achieved epoch-making great achievements, embarked on a poverty reduction path with Chinese characteristics, and formed a theory of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics. Starting today, this edition will launch a series of commentary articles to summarize practical experience and understand the world significance of China's poverty alleviation with the vast number of cadres and the masses.
--Editor
"No one should be left behind" on the road to a moderately prosperous society, and "no one should be left behind" on the road to common prosperity. The Chinese Communist Party's (中国共产党) people-centered governance philosophy illuminates China's poverty reduction miracle.
China's development practice shines with the light of wisdom, and also provides experience and inspiration for other countries to achieve poverty reduction and poverty alleviation. The theory of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics has become a valuable asset for the world's poverty reduction cause.
There is a kind of concern that is not distanced by mountains and seas.
Starting from Guangzhou (广州), taking trains and cars, and traveling for more than 3 hours, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) recently came to Yanyang Town (雁洋镇), Meixian District (梅县区), Meizhou City (梅州市) specifically during his inspection in Guangdong (广东). When communicating with the villagers, General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) explained the reason for coming here: "This is a red land. As the forefront of reform and opening up, Guangdong (广东) has unbalanced development, which is also my concern."
This concern is full of deep feelings for the people; this concern has the power to reach people's hearts.
Time shows sincerity, and years prove strength.
"Poverty alleviation has always been an important part of my work, and I have spent the most energy on it," "Poverty alleviation is the most important thing in my heart," "What I care about most is the people in difficulty"... From these affectionate words, we can truly feel the people's leader's heart of a child for the people.
Concern reflects the original aspiration and mission of the century-old major party and embodies the people-centered development thought.
Huang Wenxiu (黄文秀), the former first secretary of Baini Village (百坭村) in Leye County (乐业县), Baise City (百色市), Guangxi (广西), visited all 195 registered poor households in the village and marked the causes of poverty for each household. During her time at school, she wrote in her application to join the Party: "If a person wants to live meaningfully and survive with value, he cannot live only for himself, but must use his own strength to contribute to others, to the country, to the nation, and to society."
Jiang Shikun (姜仕坤), the former secretary of the Qinglong County (晴隆县) Party Committee in Guizhou (贵州), spent most of his time during the day conducting research and discovering problems at the grassroots level, and studying and solving problems at night, exploring the "Qinglong Model" of simultaneous and accurate poverty alleviation with economic, ecological, and poverty alleviation effects. He once vowed, "As long as there is one Qinglong (晴隆) person who has not been lifted out of poverty, I, the county party secretary, cannot rest."
"No one should be left behind" on the road to a moderately prosperous society, and "no one should be left behind" on the road to common prosperity. The Chinese Communist Party's (中国共产党) people-centered governance philosophy illuminates China's poverty reduction miracle.
Concern turns into resolute action, demonstrating the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.
"Those who are united in will win." From the Party Central Committee to the "last mile" at the grassroots level, the General Secretary led everyone to implement responsibilities at all levels and fulfill solemn promises.
In the fight against poverty, at the order of the Party Central Committee, all parties responded to the order. Adhering to the principle of coordinating the whole country, forming a management system of central planning, provincial responsibility, and city and county implementation, realizing linkage between top and bottom, coordination between left and right, and unified coordination, the poverty alleviation system with Chinese characteristics has been fully established in practice. At the same time, mobilizing social forces to participate extensively, building a large poverty alleviation pattern in which special poverty alleviation, industrial poverty alleviation, and social poverty alleviation complement each other, and gathering the broadest consensus.
The central, provincial, municipal, and county financial special poverty alleviation funds have cumulatively invested nearly 1.6 trillion yuan, dispatched 255,000 village-based work teams, more than 3 million first secretaries and village-based cadres, and fought alongside nearly 2 million township cadres and millions of village cadres, successively promoting the "Ten Thousand Enterprises Help Ten Thousand Villages" and "Ten Thousand Enterprises Revitalize Ten Thousand Villages" actions... Gathering the hearts of the Party, the military, and the people, gathering human, material, and financial resources, the whole country is united and acts like an arm and a finger.
Concern writes a glorious answer sheet recorded in history, inspiring endless continuous struggle.
Winning the battle against poverty, 98.99 million rural poor people have been lifted out of poverty under the current standards. China's poverty reduction population accounts for more than 70% of the global poverty reduction population during the same period, achieving the poverty reduction goal in the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda 10 years ahead of schedule.
Eliminating poverty is a global problem. Achieving such a large-scale population poverty alleviation in such a short period of time, China's development practice shines with the light of wisdom, and also provides experience and inspiration for other countries to achieve poverty reduction and poverty alleviation. The theory of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics has become a valuable asset for the world's poverty reduction cause.
Concern, its affection is long, and its strength is lasting. Resolutely guarding the bottom line of preventing large-scale return to poverty, realizing the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, the efforts to "let the people live a happy life" will never stop.
The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal lists "adhering to the supremacy of the people" as one of the principles that must be followed in economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. Concern for the people conveys warmth and strength; development for the people will always be full of power and move forward.
By: 李 骏
The world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, and a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, highlighting the importance and urgency of "accelerating high-level technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, and leading the development of new quality productive forces." The recently announced 2025 China Society of Automotive Engineers (中国汽车工程学会) Science and Technology Awards, especially the four special prize-winning projects, represent a bright report card handed in by China's automotive industry, vividly demonstrating our solid steps in accelerating the development of new quality productive forces in the automotive field and seizing the commanding heights of technological competition.
The original intention of the China Society of Automotive Engineers (中国汽车工程学会) in establishing science and technology awards is not only to encourage scientific researchers to scale new heights but also to record the trajectory of industrial technology development and leapfrogging. Compared with previous years, the 2025 award-winning projects have three major characteristics, reflecting China's automotive technology innovation entering a new stage.
The shift from "single-point breakthroughs" to "systematic advancement." Unlike in the past, when the focus was often on technological breakthroughs in a specific assembly or key component, this year's four special prizes cover core automotive technologies and key components such as hybrid power, intelligent driving, electric chassis, and electric drive assemblies, forming a technology matrix. This reflects from one perspective that the innovation of China's automotive industry has leaped from local innovation to collaborative tackling of key problems across the entire industrial chain, and innovation breakthroughs are showing a systematic and clustered outbreak trend.
The shift from "catching up and learning" to "tackling key problems and leading." Innovation that directly addresses long-term pain points and difficulties in the industry is more challenging, but also has broader application space and a stronger leading and driving role. For example, Great Wall Motors (长城汽车) filled several technological gaps through independent research and development. The "Key Technologies and Applications of Hybrid Four-Wheel Drive Intelligent Off-Road Passenger Vehicle Series" (Hi4 technology) that won the special prize this time has achieved breakthroughs in key areas such as power performance, battery safety, and off-road performance, providing a Chinese solution for the electrification transformation of global off-road vehicle models.
The shift from "technology-oriented" to "market-verified." How can technological innovation avoid remaining on paper or stopping in the laboratory? The key lies in accurately understanding user needs and relying on efficient engineering capabilities to achieve rapid productization. A common feature of award-winning technologies such as Hi4 technology is that their development process starts with market demand and relies on the deep integration of the innovation chain and the industrial chain, enabling the completion of the entire process verification from concept to mass production in a short period of time, and rapidly responding to market changes. This deep integration capability of Chinese automotive companies drives technologies from the "bookshelf" to the "shelf," thereby releasing commercial value and amplifying social benefits.
The change in awards reflects the change in the industry and the change in development. Looking back at the development history of China's automotive technology, we have gone through an arduous climbing road—from initially exchanging the market for technology, to later reverse engineering and integrated innovation, and now daring to enter the "no man's land" of technology in the wave of electrification and intelligence, forming distinct technological advantages that meet the needs of the Chinese market and the characteristics of infrastructure, including efficient hybrid power systems and intelligent cockpits. The progress from technology follower to technology originator and then to technology leader demonstrates China's significant progress in scientific research, industrial policy, and market development, and embodies the ambition and spirit of generations of Chinese automotive people who adhere to long-termism and uphold the original intention of serving the country through industry. These are all indispensable "magic weapons" for us to move from a big automotive country to a strong automotive country.
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "Technological innovation can spawn new industries, new models, and new driving forces, and is the core element for developing new quality productive forces." Currently, a large number of technological achievements are emerging in China's automotive industry, and the innovation vitality and iteration speed are attracting global attention. More importantly, the application scenarios of excellent technologies and products originating from the Chinese market have universality, not only meeting the diversified needs of Chinese local consumers, but also bringing richer, more economical, and greener travel choices to global users, vividly interpreting the world significance of "Made in China." The Chinese automotive industry, which has been tempered and grown in a super-large market, has the confidence, conditions, and ability to add bricks and tiles to the realization of high-level technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, and to contribute more Chinese wisdom to the technological evolution of the global automotive industry.
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (党的二十届四中全会) has outlined the development blueprint for the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. To turn the "planning map" into a "real scene map," we can only strive. Consolidating and expanding the advantages of a solid industrial base, a huge domestic market, a complete supply chain system, and national strategic guidance, continuing to exert efforts in strengthening basic research and improving independent innovation, especially original innovation capabilities, and striving to tackle key core technologies, China's automotive industry will surely reach new heights, and the Chinese-style modernization has infinitely bright prospects.
(The author is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (中国工程院院士) and honorary chairman of the China Society of Automotive Engineers (中国汽车工程学会名誉理事长).)
Return to TopBy: 夏昕昕
At 6:30 in the morning, Anqing (安庆), a city in southwestern Anhui (安徽) province, slowly awakens in the light mist. I start my electric tricycle, loaded with a mountain of packages, and begin to go through the streets and alleys.
The area I am responsible for is in the suburbs, with both high-rise buildings and country lanes. After five years as a postman, I have concluded that to deliver quickly and well, it is not enough to just have good footwork. Initially, I often wandered around in the alleys and residential areas, and both the customers and I were anxious. The experienced postmen took me to memorize the characteristics of the area, which building is next to the vegetable market, and which fork in the road to pay attention to. I recorded all this information in three full notebooks. Relying on this "hard work," I became a "living map" of the area. Over the years, I have handled more than 200,000 packages without ever misdelivering one.
Doing this job, being on the road every day, you feel the cold and warmth the most. Sunburned skin in the summer and chapped hands in the winter are particularly real, and I am even more grateful for every kindness. There is a convenience store owner who not only accepts packages on behalf of customers but also proactively helps to look after the vehicle, and there are customers who hand me hot water on rainy days... These moments always make my nose tingle. In addition to my job duties, I always think about doing what I can to help, such as taking the trash downstairs for elderly people with mobility issues, helping villagers check logistics information, and so on. People's emotions are mutual. Exchanging sincerity for sincerity, I don't feel too bitter or tired from the wind and sun, and being busy has its sweetness and hope.
This profession has fulfilled my city dream and made us dream-makers. With the newly equipped cold chain box, a strawberry from an old customer was sent out through our station and sold to supermarkets in Shanghai (上海) and Hangzhou (杭州). The loss rate was much lower than before. This year, he also expanded his planting by 5 mu and hired three people to help. "Your wheels turn fast, so our farmers' road to prosperity becomes wider and wider." His experience made me suddenly realize that the words "rural revitalization" are not so far away from us. By picking up goods in a timely manner and packaging them neatly, the turning of the express delivery wheels can also contribute to revitalization.
Postmen should be "ferrymen" for the operation of the city and "fellow travelers" for rural development. After running around a lot, I slowly realized that besides delivering every package well, there is a lot more I can do. Now that the country is vigorously promoting "express delivery into the villages," I have set a new goal: to form a rural service team to send agricultural products such as mountain walnuts and native eggs from around Anqing (安庆) into the city, and to bring more agricultural materials and books back to the countryside. Letting good things from the city go to the countryside and letting good products from the countryside enter the city, the flowing packages will string together a real road to common prosperity.
The times are developing rapidly, and our express delivery wheels are witnessing and measuring this. In the past, handwritten orders were slow, and it was easy to mix up addresses and delay time. Now, our station has been completely renewed, with barcode scanning for warehousing, intelligent sorting, and the system automatically reminds us to "deliver fresh products first" and "handle fragile items with care." I have also gone from being a novice who often gets lost to an experienced employee who can train new people to operate the intelligent system. Outdoor worker stations have been set up in the streets and alleys for us to rest and recharge. The speed of the times and the warmth of the city are projected in our express delivery tracks.
Today, China (中国) is already a veritable express delivery power, with hundreds of millions of express delivery packages on the road every day. Packages that arrive on time connect thousands of cities and hundreds of industries, connect thousands of households, and are related to the livelihoods and lives of countless people. On the new journey of Chinese-style modernization, everyone is the protagonist, and every effort is precious. One "we" combined together makes it vibrant and colorful.
(The author is a postman in the Urban Collection and Delivery Department of Anqing Branch, Anhui Branch of China Post Group Co., Ltd. (中国邮政集团有限公司安徽安庆市分公司城区揽投部))
Return to TopWith the continued boom in inbound and outbound tourism in China, in order to promote the healthy and orderly development of duty-free retail business, the "Notice on Improving Duty-Free Shop Policies to Support Boosting Consumption" was recently issued, involving category expansion, approval authority, and other aspects. It is foreseeable that the implementation of the policy will help duty-free shops better meet the multi-level and diversified shopping needs of inbound and outbound tourists, and further stimulate consumption potential.
This is precisely:
New products are stocked and expanded, a dazzling array,
Travelers come and go, busy selecting.
Business opportunities from all over the world are embraced,
Consumption is booming, demonstrating vitality.
Liao Yuanwen (廖沅文)
Return to TopBy: 韩亚聪
In the era of intelligent media, paper media faces considerable pressure, but niche products like "Youth Newspapers" continue to gain momentum. Not long ago, *Yangzi Sports News* (扬子体育报) was approved to be renamed *Xinhua Youth News* (新华少年报), and *Oriental Today* (东方今报) was approved to be renamed *Sunshine Big Youth* (阳光大少年). In recent years, *Dongguan Times* (东莞时报) has also been adjusted to *Dongguan Times: Guanyi Youth* (东莞时报·莞邑少年) Weekly. *Sunshine Youth News* (阳光少年报), founded less than 10 years ago, has exceeded 2 million in circulation.
The expansion of "Youth Newspapers" against the trend is a transformative quest for media professionals to break through and reshape their advantages. However, exploring the youth reading market should not only focus on the word "market" but also consider the growing youth. The size and demand of the "Youth Newspaper" market highlight the heavy responsibility of the media and the firm mission of nurturing people.
Compared to books and textbooks, publications named "newspaper" are essentially dynamic knowledge bridges and value bonds. They must keep up with the times, conveying vivid social phenomena and cutting-edge information to young people, while also aligning with the growth patterns of young people, adhering to value leadership and the original intention of nurturing people. To run a good newspaper for young people, reach is certainly important, but the real core lies in the balance between upholding principles and innovation: upholding the bottom line of accurate content and positive values, and creating new ideas in expression forms and communication paths. In an era of fragmented information and algorithm dominance, resisting the rampant flow of traffic with inner conviction and making the spiritual home of children more clear and bright is a value pursuit more important than any circulation figures.
Some media professionals say that in youth education scenarios, paper media is easier to enter the campus system than short videos. However, it needs to be clear that renaming, launching, transforming, and entering the campus system are just a small step in the growth of "Youth Newspapers." The real "breakthrough" lies in entering the hearts of young people—shaping a sound personality with sincere expression, cultivating correct values with positive guidance, stimulating independent thinking with diverse perspectives, and providing companionship when young people encounter growth problems and enlightenment when planning their life directions. This spiritual nourishment is the most fundamental value of "Youth Newspapers."
When many media outlets are actively exploring the "Youth Newspaper" market, they should think more calmly: the real "**逆势突围**" (nì shì tū wéi - "break through against the trend," to overcome difficulties and achieve success against unfavorable circumstances) is to let value lead the market, rather than let the market define value. The "heat" of "Youth Newspapers" must ultimately return to the "needs" of youth growth. Only by deeply embedding the value of nurturing people in the content texture and running responsibility throughout the entire operation can we stand firm in the market tide, move steadily and far, and become the spiritual food that accompanies the growth of a generation of young people.
(Excerpted from *China Women's News* (中国妇女报), originally titled *How to Run a Good Newspaper for Young People*)
Return to TopBy: 崔 寅
Enhancing the focus of development requires the perseverance of long-termism. Once identified, persist in doing it, do the right and lasting things, and you can continuously open up new horizons for career development.
Recently, the community where the author lives planned a small "Children's Reading Marathon" event. The planner is a promoter of children's reading. In her opinion, this "marathon" event "does not need to 'run' fast, it only needs to read quietly with the children." When many people are accustomed to browsing their mobile phones and receiving fragmented information, parent-child reading in the community has become a beneficial exploration to protect concentration and help the growth of young people.
Coincidentally, the "2025 Yangtze River Delta (长三角) Reading Marathon Competition" held not long ago also attracted widespread attention. In 190 libraries in Shanghai (上海), Jiangsu (江苏), Zhejiang (浙江), and Anhui (安徽), 7,870 "players" read a new book of more than 300,000 words together in 6 hours and wrote their reading experiences. One staff member was very touched: "Running a marathon and reading a marathon, one dynamic and one static, are both challenges to concentration and willpower."
Reading marathons are about regaining the power of focus in the fragrance of books. At present, many people have realized the negative impact of weakened concentration and the degradation of deep learning ability. Regaining the power of focus is, to some extent, regaining one's own learning and thinking ability, and achieving a better self.
Learning to read should be focused, personal growth should be focused, and promoting development is the same.
Enhancing the focus of development requires the perseverance of long-termism. Shanghai (上海) is a highland of scientific and technological innovation, but there are few overnight popular industrial "myths", and more of them are advanced layout and continuous efforts. Taking integrated circuits as an example, it started in the 1950s and has now built a complete industrial chain. In 2024, the industrial scale will exceed 390 billion yuan; in the 2025 ranking of China's top 100 innovative integrated circuit enterprises by province, Shanghai (上海) ranks first with 23 enterprises. As an industry with large investment and a long cycle, the reason why Shanghai's (上海) integrated circuits can maintain its leading edge lies in its long-term vision and the courage to do big things. Once identified, persist in doing it, do the right and lasting things, and you can continuously open up new horizons for career development.
Hard work is inseparable from "burying one's head," but focusing on development should avoid "**只埋头、不看路**" (zhǐ mái tóu, bù kàn lù - "only bury head, not look road," to be shortsighted and not consider the bigger picture). Especially with the deep evolution of cross-border integration, inter-provincial cooperation, and regional synergy, the focus of development is, to some extent, also the synergy of development. Taking the Yangtze River Delta (长三角) region as an example, the three provinces and one city are constantly "clearing customs and unlocking" around the goal of "integration" in terms of smooth flow of people, smooth flow of goods, data interconnection, and integrated supervision. It is precisely because each province and city does not limit its vision to its own "one-acre three-point land," but focuses on the region and is based on the overall situation, that it promotes sincere cooperation and twists into "one rope." Therefore, for integrated development, relevant regions and departments should also focus more on solving problems and achieving a win-win situation of leading dragons and giving full play to their strengths. By burying our heads in doing our own things well, and holding each other's hands tightly, both maintaining the focus of practicing internal skills and continuously strengthening the ability of collaborative consistency, we can jointly promote high-quality development through positive interaction.
After the goals and tasks are determined, people are the key factor. The focus of Party members and cadres in doing things affects the focus of local development and entrepreneurship. Whether it is the renovation of old districts or urban renewal, whether it is the layout of cutting-edge industries or the promotion of industry-university integration, Party members and cadres should carry forward the spirit of overcoming difficulties, the tenacity of long-term success, and the ingenuity of precise policy implementation, and strive to achieve solid results by doing everything to the end and striving for excellence. No matter what job you are in, maintain the "**钉钉子精神**" (dīng dīng zi jīng shén - "nailing nail spirit," the spirit of perseverance), hammering one hammer after another, and persevering and unremittingly, there will be a time to produce real results.
Development will not happen overnight, and success will not be easy. In the new era and new journey, implementing various strategic tasks requires a valuable focus and willpower. When focus becomes a habit, when persistence turns into a force, even in the face of thousands of tasks and thousands of challenges, we can maintain patience and determination, temper the ability to break through our own boundaries and bravely overcome development difficulties, and move steadily towards the established goals.
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Return to TopBy: 罗 航
To improve the modern comprehensive transportation system, strengthen cross-regional overall planning and cross-modal integrated connection, and enhance coverage and accessibility in underdeveloped areas.
——Excerpt from the "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal
Ten thousand miles of the Yangtze River, another "flying rainbow" rises.
On November 22, with the hoisting of the last giant steel truss girder in place, the Hubei Yanqi Yangtze River Bridge (湖北燕矶长江大桥) was officially closed. Above the river, the bridge spans the river in one span. This world's largest span four-main-cable suspension bridge connects the two cities of Ezhou (鄂州) and Huanggang (黄冈) in Hubei Province (湖北省), which face each other across the river.
Different from the traditional double-main-cable design of suspension bridges, there are four main cables of different heights suspended between the two "low" main towers. They are like four strong arms, hanging the steel beams horizontally on the river surface with a span of 1860 meters.
Behind the unique design are various extreme challenges. The bridge is adjacent to Ezhou Huahu International Airport (鄂州花湖国际机场), and it must meet the needs of navigation, being affected by aviation height restrictions above and airspace height restrictions below. The main tower on the south bank of the bridge is only 184 meters high, and the sag-to-span ratio reaches a rare 1:15 in kilometer-level suspension bridges, which is much lower than the conventional design value. This makes the bridge look "short and stout."
Under the special structure, challenges follow. The main tower is "not high enough" and must be "strong enough," so the body must be "strong and sturdy." The diameter of a single tower leg of the main tower is 8 meters, and the maximum wall thickness is 4 meters. If it is cut open, the cross-sectional area exceeds 100 square meters.
The stronger the tower body, the larger the amount of concrete pouring, and the resulting temperature control cracking problem is very prominent. To this end, our team introduced the independently developed third-generation integrated intelligent tower building machine, which is like an aerial "vertical mobile factory," realizing the "assembly line" operation of the main tower of the bridge from auxiliary adjustment, automatic cloth distribution to intelligent maintenance, improving construction efficiency while ensuring "zero cracking" of concrete.
Building a bridge, there are difficulties and challenges at any time. The team's bridge-building philosophy of 继承不守旧 (jì chéng bù shǒu jiù - "inherit but not stick to the old," to inherit the good traditions but not be bound by them) and "innovation has a foundation" is the greatest confidence in overcoming difficulties.
Taking the intelligent tower building machine as an example, in June 2020, the first-generation intelligent tower building machine climbed the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge (深中大桥) of the Shenzhen-Zhongshan Channel (深中通道), pioneering the intelligent construction of ultra-high concrete bridge towers; in December 2021, the second-generation intelligent tower building machine was put into use in the Longtan River Crossing Channel (龙潭过江通道), further "slimming down" on the basis of the first generation to better adapt to different tower columns; a year later, the newly upgraded third-generation tower building machine appeared on the Yanqi Yangtze River Bridge (燕矶长江大桥), and the versatility of the structure increased from 15% to 75%, and the effective working space increased by about 45%.
From responding to the marine environment to pursuing the ultimate quality, and then to adapting to special structures, the three transformations of domestic tower building machines are not only a powerful testimony to the team's efforts to change and adapt under extreme conditions, but also a vivid microcosm of the steady improvement of China's bridge intelligent construction level.
At present, the Yanqi Yangtze River Bridge (燕矶长江大桥) stands firmly on the river. After it is officially opened to traffic, it will form an efficient "air-land integrated" logistics hub with the nearby Ezhou Huahu International Airport (鄂州花湖国际机场), effectively helping to reduce logistics costs and promote regional economic development.
Looking forward to the "15th Five-Year Plan," as front-line builders, we will continue to use independent innovation as a spear to overcome more technical problems, help more world-class bridges cross rivers and seas on Chinese land, and accelerate the realization of the beautiful vision of "people enjoy their travel and goods flow smoothly."
(The author is the chief engineer of the Yanqi Yangtze River Bridge (燕矶长江大桥) project of China Communications Second Harbor Engineering Bureau (中交二航局), and this report was compiled by Han Xin (韩鑫), a reporter of this newspaper)
Reporter's Notes
Innovation Requires Courage, Perseverance, and Tenacity
As the bridge body of the Yanqi Yangtze River Bridge (燕矶长江大桥) crosses the river, this steel spine spanning the chasm continues to write a new chapter in the spirit of Chinese bridge builders of "paving roads through mountains and building bridges over rivers."
The spirit of innovation is the team's greatest confidence. The thicker the tower wall, the higher the strength, and the greater the risk of construction cracking. Faced with the challenge, the team adhered to the bridge-building philosophy of "inheriting without sticking to the old, and innovation has a foundation," and did 240 sets of controlled experiments, and finally developed a crack-resistant concrete mix ratio and maintenance method suitable for different tower heights corresponding to seasonal temperatures. After completion, the Yanqi Yangtze River Bridge (燕矶长江大桥) will become the world's first suspension bridge with a four-main-cable system with different sags.
Times are different and missions are different, but the spirit of hard work has never changed. Looking back on the construction history of the Yangtze River Bridge, the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (南京长江大桥) used domestic steel and innovative technology to build a "bridge of pride"; the completion of the Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge (江阴长江大桥) broke the inherent perception that "Chinese people cannot build large-span bridges"; in September this year, the Changtai Yangtze River Bridge (常泰长江大桥) was opened to traffic, setting multiple world records in one fell swoop... It is this courage, perseverance, and tenacity that inspires Chinese bridge builders to turn one "impossible" into "possible" in independent innovation, creating amazing engineering miracles.
There is no end to upholding integrity and innovation. In the new era, front-line builders continue to struggle, and more "flying rainbows" will surely emerge on Chinese land, crossing high mountains and rivers, connecting towns and villages, and better supporting economic and social development.
Extended Reading
What are the Bridge-Building "Magic Weapons"?
A craftsman must sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well. Behind the Chinese bridges spanning rivers and seas, there are various bridge construction equipment independently developed by China.
The bridge-building "magic weapon" is not only an intelligent tower building machine. Looking at the foundation construction, the world's largest piling ship "Erhang Changqing (二航长青)" is equipped with a 5,000-ton main oil cylinder, realizing centimeter-level deep-sea precision piling on the Hangzhou Bay Cross-Sea Railway Bridge (杭州湾跨海铁路大桥); looking at the tower column forming, the R20000-720 tower crane jointly developed by China Communications Second Harbor Engineering Bureau (中交二航局) and Zoomlion (中联重科) steadily lifted the giant pylon section 400 meters in the construction of the Ma'anshan Yangtze River Highway-Railway Bridge (马鞍山长江公铁大桥); looking at the bridge deck hoisting, the world's largest 2,000-ton bridge deck crane completed the high-precision hoisting of a 1,546-ton steel truss girder on the Changtai Yangtze River Bridge (常泰长江大桥)...
Today, from pile foundations and bridge piers to tower columns and bridge decks, from rivers, lakes and seas to high mountains and canyons, in the field of bridge construction, China has formed a full-industry chain innovation system from core components to intelligent equipment, promoting Chinese bridge construction from "mechanical substitution" to "digital intelligent manufacturing," and constantly leading the global bridge technology development.
In the future, bridge equipment will accelerate towards intelligence, integration, and greening, helping more bridges fly over natural barriers and facilitate transportation.
(Compiled by Han Xin (韩鑫), reporter of this newspaper)
Return to TopThe People's Daily, Beijing, November 27th (Reporter Shen Tongrui (沈童睿)) The 3rd National Human Resources Service Industry Development Conference, co-sponsored by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the People's Government of Hubei Province, will be held in Wuhan (武汉市), Hubei Province from November 28th to 29th.
The human resources service industry is an important force for promoting high-quality and full employment, strengthening the development and utilization of human resources, and helping to build a modern industrial system. As of now, there are more than 70,000 human resources service institutions of various types in China, with more than one million employees.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the entire industry provided employment, career selection, and mobility services for an average of 300 million person-times of laborers annually, and provided professional support for more than 50 million person-times of employers.
The theme of this conference is "Shaping Modern Human Resources and Promoting High-Quality and Full Employment," and several special activities are set up: focusing on high-quality and full employment, industrial integration and other topics to carry out discussions; organizing industry leading enterprises, human resources service industrial parks, and key industrial employers to carry out display and exchange, supply and demand docking; focusing on advanced manufacturing, optoelectronic information and other key industries, widely collecting recruitment needs, and providing more than 40,000 high-quality positions for college graduates, overseas students and others.
Return to TopAccording to a report in this newspaper from Nanchang on November 27th (Reporter: Zhou Huan (周欢)), upon entering the workshop of Jiangxi Yifa Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd. (江西伊发电力科技股份有限公司) located in Chongren County (崇仁县), Jiangxi Province (江西省), one sees mechanical arms operating efficiently, precisely grabbing silicon steel sheets and sending them into the processing sequence... The company's technological upgrade benefits from the "Industry-Research Clinic" project launched by Chongren County (崇仁县). Through the service model of "government bridging, enterprise ordering, and doctoral diagnosis," the company connected with a professional team from Hunan University (湖南大学). Experts went deep into the workshop to tailor a digital transformation plan for the enterprise.
In order to fully leverage the key role of talent in industrial development, Chongren County (崇仁县) created "Industry-Research Clinics," relying on the talent introduction model of "one enterprise, one doctor; one industry, one team" to attract high-end talent to settle in. Enterprises place orders, proposing their own technical needs, and doctoral teams respond quickly, providing precise technical support for enterprises. This service model not only solves the talent needs of enterprises, but also promotes the deep integration of industry, academia, and research, and promotes the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements. Chongren County (崇仁县) also actively builds talent exchange platforms, regularly holding talent forums, technology seminars and other activities, providing a stage for talents to showcase their talents and experience.
"We will continue to attract more high-end talent with favorable policies, solid measures, and attentive services. At the same time, we will further improve the talent introduction and training mechanism, strengthen industry-academia-research cooperation, and enable talent to play a greater role in promoting industrial development," said Zhou Jianzhang (周健璋), member of the Standing Committee of the Chongren County (崇仁县) Party Committee and Minister of the Organization Department.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 杨 迅
In early winter, the weather is cold. At the Chuangmei Gardening Base in Xianfeng Village, Yuanjiang City, Hunan Province (湖南省沅江市先锋村), the base's director, Zeng Bing (曾兵), greets his staff every day and checks on the base together.
Inside the base, villager Liu Fengxi (刘逢喜) sits in his wheelchair. Seeing Zeng Bing (曾兵) arrive, he excitedly says, "The fruit trees grew well this year, the harvest was good, and we sold a lot of money..."
Zeng Bing (曾兵) is 48 years old this year. A car accident at the age of 19 resulted in the amputation of his left leg. With the support of his family and the help of doctors, he regained his spirits. After being fitted with a prosthesis, Zeng Bing (曾兵) worked as a barber and also ran a small shop. Facing the hardships of life, he is like a sunflower, choosing to live towards the sun. He has successively established the Chuangmei Gardening Greening Professional Cooperative and the Chuangmei Green Family Farm, and has been awarded the title of Hunan Province's Top 100 Sunshine Wealth Demonstration Household (Leader).
In the late 1990s, the demand for green seedlings in cities was very high. Zeng Bing (曾兵) seized the opportunity and "tested the waters" on his own 5 mu of forest land. Initially lacking experience, he couldn't sleep at night watching the seedlings wither in patches, but he didn't give up. During the day, he carried a hoe to weed and fertilize, and at night, he crammed on seedling planting knowledge under the dim light. With this 不屈不挠 (bù qū bù náo - "unyielding," describes someone who is perseverant and refuses to give up in the face of adversity) spirit, Zeng Bing (曾兵) developed a set of planting techniques that greatly improved the survival rate of seedling transplantation with soil.
Because he is disabled himself, Zeng Bing (曾兵) always thinks about helping more disabled people. The base has successively employed more than 20 disabled people. Villager Tian Fuyun (田伏云), 71 years old this year, and Wang Liyun (王丽云), 58 years old, are both third-degree disabled people with physical disabilities. When the base has suitable work, Zeng Bing (曾兵) always contacts them as soon as possible, and the wages are settled on a daily basis at 120 yuan. "Zeng Bing (曾兵) always says that he wants to think of more ways to resettle more disabled people and drive more disabled people to become rich," said Li Wei (李微), director of the Yanzhi Lake Subdistrict Office (胭脂湖街道办事处) in Yuanjiang City (沅江市).
In addition to helping disabled people find employment, Zeng Bing (曾兵) also imparts professional skills and knowledge to them. In February 2022, Liu Fengxi (刘逢喜) was unfortunately crushed by a tree while felling trees, resulting in high paraplegia. His wife, Xiao Fanping (肖范平), is also disabled, and his own accidental injury made the family even worse off. After hearing the news, Zeng Bing (曾兵) immediately sent 1,000 yuan in condolences, as well as 30 fruit tree seedlings and 50 chicken seedlings. Unexpectedly, in the summer of the following year, Liu Fengxi's (刘逢喜) pear trees suffered from serious pests. Liu Fengxi (刘逢喜) was very anxious and called Zeng Bing (曾兵) for help. Zeng Bing (曾兵) rushed to the scene after hearing the news, carefully examined the small insects on the leaves, carefully prepared the potion, and sprayed it on the leaves. In the hot summer, Zeng Bing (曾兵) insisted on spraying all the fruit trees before leaving.
This year, under the guidance of the Yuanjiang City Disabled Persons' Federation (沅江市残联), Zeng Bing's (曾兵) nursery has become a demonstration base for helping disabled people, and has paired up to help 18 disabled families. "I will continue to work hard to support a common prosperity dream for more disabled people," said Zeng Bing (曾兵).
(Chen Haojun (陈浩军) participated in the writing)
Return to TopIn recent years, Chunhua County (淳化县), Xianyang City (咸阳市), Shaanxi Province (陕西省), has focused on the theme of high-quality development, deepened and expanded the "Three Years" activities of High-Quality Project Promotion Year, Business Environment Breakthrough Year, and Cadre Style and Ability Improvement Year, coordinated development and security, and achieved remarkable results in industrial upgrading, people's livelihood improvement, and comprehensive rural revitalization, embarking on a unique path of county revitalization.
Focusing on characteristic industries, cultivating new momentum for high-quality development.
Chunhua County (淳化县) relies on the characteristic industries of "fruit, livestock, vegetables, mushrooms, and buckwheat," increasing "variety improvement, quality improvement, and brand shaping" to promote the integrated development of industry prosperity, county strengthening, and people enrichment.
Chunhua (淳化) regards Ruixue apples (瑞雪苹果) as the leading industry and a key project to promote comprehensive rural revitalization, planning to develop 100,000 mu of standardized planting bases within 5 years, driving the output value of the entire apple industry chain to exceed 6 billion yuan. In 2025, the county newly planted and grafted more than 13,000 mu of Ruixue apples (瑞雪苹果), built 18 demonstration plots of more than 100 mu, and the cumulative planting area reached 33,000 mu, achieving a good start.
At the same time, it is committed to creating the characteristic brand of Chunhua Buckwheat Noodles (淳化荞面饸饹). Through online and offline promotion, more than 1,600 buckwheat noodle restaurants have been developed, a 10,000-mu buckwheat flower sea has been built, and interesting parent-child picking activities have been carried out. Enterprises such as "Qiaohualang" (荞花郎) and "Qiaoxiangyu" (荞乡遇) have been introduced to develop buckwheat food production and themed homestays. The Buckwheat Noodle Cultural Tourism Consumption Season is held every year to promote the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism, and enhance brand influence. At present, the output value of the entire buckwheat industry chain has exceeded 1 billion yuan.
Chunhua (淳化) is also a Chinese dairy goat base county, with the "Wen's Model" (温氏模式) whole industrial chain of live pigs. The province's largest single ten-thousand-head dairy cow farm and the Yuguan Edible Fungus (裕灌食用菌) project have been built and put into operation. It has been successively rated as a provincial-level agricultural product quality and safety demonstration county and a provincial-level food safety demonstration county.
In promoting the modernization of agriculture, the Bank of China (中国银行) gives full play to its financial advantages to help Chunhua's (淳化) characteristic industries become bigger and stronger, investing free funds to support the brand building and market expansion of leading industries such as buckwheat and apples. Large-scale exhibitions and cross-border promotion meetings are held to promote Chunhua's (淳化) characteristic products. Actively coordinate resources, introduce expert think tanks, provide suggestions for industrial development, and promote the development of characteristic industries.
Strengthening platform empowerment, creating a new home suitable for business and living.
In 2024, the Chunhua Economic and Technological Development Zone (淳化经济技术开发区) was approved as a provincial-level economic development zone. The Chunhua County Party Committee (淳化县委) and County Government (县政府) adhere to the development idea of "Xi'an-Xianyang Manufacturing, Chunhua Supporting" (西咸制造、淳化配套), invest 939 million yuan to improve park infrastructure, build standardized factory buildings, and support enterprise incubation bases, schools, and hospitals, significantly enhancing the park's comprehensive carrying capacity and creating a new home suitable for business and living.
In terms of innovation empowerment, Chunhua County (淳化县) has established a 100 million yuan industrial revitalization and development fund, relying on Xi'an Jiaotong University (西安交通大学) to jointly build a science and technology service platform, and has cultivated 38 resident enterprises, including 11 high-tech enterprises, 15 science and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, and 3 specialized and new enterprises.
Significant results have been achieved in investment promotion. Establish a mechanism for county-level leaders to conduct door-to-door investment promotion in 7 regions, report clues, and provide "golden investor" courtesies, and vigorously develop the leading industries of "equipment manufacturing and green food." As of now, the county has introduced 19 industrial chain projects with a total investment of 3.902 billion yuan.
Chunhua County (淳化县) always practices the people-centered development thought, solidly promotes the "Ten Education Revitalization Projects" (十大兴教工程), "Ten Urban Construction Projects" (城建十大工程), and "Ten People-Benefit Projects" (十大惠民工程), and continuously enhances people's livelihood and well-being. The county's compulsory education quality and balanced development has passed the provincial evaluation, and public service facilities such as underground parking lots and cultural centers have been completed successively, and the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security have been continuously enhanced.
Promoting co-construction and sharing, depicting a new picture of comprehensive rural revitalization.
In terms of comprehensive rural revitalization, Chunhua County (淳化县) takes the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation" Project (千万工程) as the lead, integrates 174 million yuan of funds, implements 145 connection projects, promotes the upgrading of infrastructure in 54 villages, and clears all 37 "weak villages." In 2025, the per capita disposable income of rural residents is expected to increase by 8.2% year-on-year, and the achievements of comprehensive rural revitalization will truly benefit the people.
As a designated assistance unit of Chunhua County (淳化县), the Bank of China (中国银行) continues to exert efforts in talent training, education support, and technology empowerment, actively promoting the establishment of the Peking University (北京大学) Ideological and Political Practice Education Base at the Yetai Mountain Battle Memorial Hall (爷台山战役纪念馆) in Chunhua County (淳化县), building "Science and Technology Small Courtyards" (科技小院) and smart classrooms, and creating the "Dahuai Tree Village" (大槐树村) e-commerce brand, injecting financial momentum into the comprehensive rural revitalization of Chunhua (淳化).
With the continuous assistance of the Bank of China (中国银行) and other sectors of society, Chunhua County (淳化县) is striving to build a new Chunhua (淳化) that is prosperous, vibrant, happy, and beautiful with more firm confidence and more powerful measures.
Data source: Publicity Department of the CPC Chunhua County Committee (中共淳化县委宣传部)
Bank of China (中国银行)
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 27th. The State Council Information Office (国务院新闻办公室) released a white paper on "China's Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation in the New Era" on November 27th.
The white paper points out that entering the new era, under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想), China is unswervingly advancing the construction of Chinese-style modernization, actively responding to the common aspirations of the international community, practicing the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. China constructively participates in the international arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation process, actively contributes Chinese initiatives and Chinese solutions, and is committed to improving the international security environment, enhancing international security cooperation, solving international security dilemmas, and improving global security governance. China has always been a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, and a maintainer of the international order.
The white paper points out that in order to comprehensively explain China's policies and practices on arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation in the new era, introduce international security governance propositions in emerging fields such as outer space, cyberspace, and artificial intelligence, demonstrate China's firm determination to safeguard world peace and security, and call on all countries to work together to promote the international arms control process, the Chinese government has specially issued this white paper.
In addition to the preface, conclusion, and appendix, the white paper is divided into five parts: the complex and severe international security and arms control situation, China's policy stance on arms control in the new era, constructive participation in the international arms control process, leading international security governance in emerging fields, and strengthening non-proliferation and international cooperation on the peaceful use of science and technology.
The white paper points out that China firmly upholds the international arms control system with the United Nations as the core, actively dedicates itself to promoting global governance in the field of arms control, and supports the establishment of a world of lasting peace and universal security, and is an important force in promoting the international arms control process.
The white paper points out that as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (联合国安理会), China actively safeguards the authority and effectiveness of international arms control mechanisms, constructively participates in multilateral arms control processes in the nuclear, biological, and chemical fields, earnestly fulfills international arms control treaties, and makes due contributions to the international arms control cause.
The white paper points out that emerging fields such as outer space, cyberspace, and artificial intelligence are new frontiers for human development, new focuses of strategic security, and new areas of global governance. China advocates that, on the basis of universal participation by all countries, the United Nations (联合国) should play the main channel role, promote the formation of a framework and standards for a global governance system in emerging fields with broad consensus, and enhance the representation and voice of developing countries.
The white paper emphasizes that China continues to strengthen its non-proliferation capacity building, actively participates in the international non-proliferation process, promotes international cooperation in the peaceful use of science and technology, and promotes the improvement of non-proliferation global governance. Chinese-style modernization is a modernization that follows the path of peaceful development, and China's development is the growth of world peace forces. China is willing to work with all peace-loving countries to advocate an equal and orderly multipolar world and an inclusive and mutually beneficial economic globalization, consolidate and develop the international arms control system with the United Nations (联合国) as the core, work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind, and create a better future for mankind.
(The full text of the white paper is on pages 14 and 15)
Return to TopBy: 丛配玉
On November 25th, with 200,000 cubic meters of ice successively transported to the park, the 27th Harbin Ice and Snow World (哈尔滨冰雪大世界) ice construction project officially started. Having worked at Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) for eight years, I have personally witnessed this ice and snow wonderland transform from a simple ice sculpture exhibition into a well-known cultural and tourism landmark. In particular, after "Erbin" (尔滨) became popular during the 2024 New Year holiday, these busy and happy days left a deep impression on me.
I still remember the freezing weather and the surge in passenger flow, with long queues in front of the super ice slide. In order to solve the problem of queuing and keeping warm, our team worked continuously for a week, braving the severe cold to build a 300-meter-long windproof and warm shed overnight. The walls of the shed were also covered with ice and snow photography works to relieve tourists' boredom. During the Spring Festival holiday this year, we set up pots in the queuing area to cook dumplings, and ginger tea and hot water were provided in abundance.
We also arranged a 35-person customer service team to guard the phone 24 hours a day to handle tourists' inquiries and complaints in a timely manner. A tourist accidentally got separated from her child, and the on-site service staff immediately contacted the customer service center and launched a broadcast as soon as possible. Volunteers and the entire park service team helped together, and the child was found within 5 minutes. Later, the tourist sent a thank-you letter saying, "I felt the warmth of power in a foreign land," which made us feel that all our efforts were worth it. These little things made the concept of "although ice and snow are cold, true feelings are hot" deeply rooted in the hearts of every member of our team.
If you want tourists to be willing to come again and again, it is not enough to just provide good service. Activities and experiences must also keep up. We changed our thinking and integrated Heilongjiang's (黑龙江) unique culture and technological interaction into ice and snow projects, presenting intangible cultural heritage skills such as ice prints to tourists through ice and snow performances; using new technologies to create sensing ice surfaces, where tourists trigger pattern color changes when they step on them. We have also created scenarios such as ice and snow scenic spot lighting linkage, AR interaction, and sound and light interaction based on the cloud platform, using technology to empower the integration of culture and tourism.
The Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界), which is about to open, is even more worth looking forward to: the area has been expanded to 1.2 million square meters, and the total amount of ice and snow used will reach 400,000 cubic meters, the highest in previous years; the newly planned ice and snow stage incorporates high-level international performance elements, and a grand ice and snow-themed parade will also be staged; ice harvesting festivals, New Year's Eve, ice and snow festivals and other colorful themed activities, and newly built snow hot spring camps, snow adventure and other projects will meet the diversified needs of tourists.
The popularity of the scenic spot has also driven the development of related industries. Since the end of 2013, the park has accumulated revenue of about 3 billion yuan, paid nearly 500 million yuan in taxes, and driven employment for more than 100,000 people. The ice construction period has driven income for tens of thousands of workers, the four-season operation guarantees employment for more than a thousand people, and the homestays in the surrounding villages are also often full of guests.
In the future, Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) already has a clearer plan: to make ice and snow more "smart", increase digital investment, and provide personalized intelligent services; to make the experience more "rich", develop diverse projects such as cross-country skiing and ice and snow marathons, and create formats that young people like, such as ice and snow-themed concerts and music festivals; to make the brand more "international", strengthen cooperation with foreign ice and snow scenic spots, and hold more international events and cultural activities... We will continue to focus on tourists, create a replicable and scalable cultural and tourism integration model, so that more people will fall in love with the snow in Northeast China (东北) and feel the warmth of Harbin (哈尔滨).
(The author is the Minister of Design and Development Department of Harbin Ice and Snow World (哈尔滨冰雪大世界). This newspaper reporter Guo Xiaolong (郭晓龙) interviewed and compiled it.)
This issue is coordinated by: Gao Shang (高尚)
Illustration: Wang Zheping (汪哲平)
Further Reading
Focus on Demand and Enrich the Supply of Tourism Products
In recent years, people's travel demand has continued to be strong. Local governments and departments have continuously optimized product structure and enriched product supply, allowing the majority of tourists to appreciate the beauty of nature, feel the beauty of culture, and cultivate the beauty of the soul in tourism.
The supply of high-quality products is becoming more abundant. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, 40 new national-level tourist resorts, 204 national-level tourist leisure blocks, and 345 national-level night cultural and tourism consumption clusters were launched across the country, making people's choices for leisure and vacation more diverse.
"Integrated" products have become a highlight. Rural tourism integrates life aesthetics and local cuisine, making rural areas livable, workable, and travelable, and helping people become rich and increase their income. Industrial relics and production lines have been transformed into tourism products, allowing tourists to experience industrial culture. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism (文化和旅游部), together with relevant parties, has promoted the integrated development of ice and snow tourism, culture, sports, and equipment, and built 26 national-level ski tourism resorts. More and more tourists are walking on ice and snow and experiencing the charm of ice and snow.
The technological sense of products has been significantly enhanced. The construction of smart scenic spots and blocks is accelerating, and a number of smart tourism solutions, typical cases for the elderly, and new immersive experience spaces provide reference for the development of the industry. Local governments are actively exploring technology empowerment to provide tourists with scenic spot explanations, special performances, etc., to help tourists more easily enjoy the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers.
Characteristic products are constantly emerging. Various business entities are constantly launching customized and characteristic tourism products. Travel agencies and others have launched study tours for parent-child travel needs, creating "walking classrooms." Tourist trains have a slow pace, which is well adapted to the needs of the silver-haired group.
A relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (文化和旅游部) stated that they will continue to focus on the changing needs of tourists, continuously optimize the supply of tourism products, and help the high-quality development of the tourism industry move steadily and far.
(This newspaper reporter Wang Jue (王珏) compiled it)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 李 刚
At the Poly Tianyao Clubhouse (保利天曜会所) in Guangzhou (广州), Guangdong (广东), with vivid lion dances and auspicious red paper cuttings, He Yubin (何宇斌), a representative inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage project of Cai Zha (彩扎), and He Danfeng (何丹凤), a representative inheritor of the Guangzhou (广州) intangible cultural heritage project of paper cutting, brought an immersive intangible cultural heritage experience to the property owners. In the Poly Banshan Zhenyue (保利伴山瑧悦) community in Hainan (海南), Chen Mengli (陈孟丽), a post-90s representative inheritor of intangible cultural heritage, demonstrated the weaving techniques of Li brocade (黎锦) on site. Children gathered around to watch, immersed in the cultural charm of the ancient skills.
As a cultural content ecosystem platform created by Poly Developments and Holdings Group Co., Ltd. (保利发展控股集团股份有限公司), the 2025 "Harmony China (和乐中国)" has been fully upgraded with the theme of "Quality Beauty of the Orient, Guardianship of Chinese Arts (质美东方 守艺中国)". Through five major sections: Family Heritage of the Orient, Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Orient, Museums of the Orient, Contemporary Trends of the Orient, and Quality Beauty of the Orient, it constructs a multi-dimensional cultural heritage system, allowing oriental skills to rejuvenate in contemporary life.
The revitalization and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage is a major highlight of this year's event. Poly Developments delves into various regions to seek out inheritors of intangible cultural heritage, exploring the spirit of craftsmanship and innovative wisdom, and producing 41 videos of "Oriental Art Guardians (东方守艺人)", achieving nearly 13 million exposures across the entire network, allowing intangible cultural heritage stories to "**出圈**" (chū quān - "out of the circle," to break through a limited scope and gain wider attention). From the "fusion of fire and earth" in the firing of Liuli (琉璃) in Jiexiu (介休), Shanxi (山西), to the contemporary expression of Yangliuqing (杨柳青) woodblock New Year paintings in Tianjin (天津); from the three generations of perseverance in the restoration of ancient ceramics in Hubei (湖北), to the civilization dialogue of Changsha Kiln (长沙窑) porcelain in Hunan (湖南), intangible cultural heritage skills are stepping out of museums and entering communities in various regions in a perceptible and participatory form.
"When I was a child, I also watched shadow puppet shows in the village. I didn't expect that now I can make shadow puppets with my grandson and perform his favorite 'Ne Zha Conquers the Dragon King (哪吒闹海)'. It's not only fun, but also a way to learn skills!" said Aunt Wang (王阿姨), a property owner of Poly Longcheng Puyue (保利龙城璞悦) in Taiyuan (太原), Shanxi (山西), after participating in the event. Teenagers understand the connotation of traditional culture through practice, and the elderly relive their memories of the times through familiar skills. Residents of different age groups can feel a sense of gain in the activities.
"Poly Developments is committed to transforming from a 'product provider' to a 'lifestyle definer' by deeply embedding oriental skills and the spirit of craftsmanship into the entire process of product design and community construction," said Zhang Fangbin (张方斌), Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Poly Developments. The "Python Water Brocade Pattern (蟒水锦纹)" at the main entrance of Poly Banshan Zhenyue (保利伴山瑧悦) in Hainan (海南) integrates local Li brocade (黎锦) patterns and rattan weaving culture. The design not only highlights regional characteristics, but also conveys the meaning of peace and auspiciousness. Poly Heyu Zhenyue (保利荷雨瑧悦) in Jiangsu (江苏) takes inspiration from Suzhou-style gardens (苏式园林), creating landscapes with pavilions scattered around and winding streams, allowing residents to experience the traditional aesthetic appeal as soon as they step out of their homes. The "Junyue Ten Elegances (珺悦十雅)" service system in Fujian (福建) integrates traditional skills such as Guqin (古琴) and tea art into the daily life of the community, and regularly holds elegant gatherings, showcasing the elegant charm of oriental life.
As of 2025, Poly Developments' "Harmony China (和乐中国)" public welfare brand event has gone through 17 years, entering more than 100 cities, more than 300 projects for sale, and nearly 700 delivered communities, covering more than 3 million people, and safeguarding the roots of traditional culture through diverse forms.
In 2025, "Harmony China (和乐中国)" innovatively proposed the concept of "contextualization of cultural heritage (文脉场景化)", landing nearly 120 key cultural activities. Through intangible cultural heritage markets, skill exhibitions, and other methods, intangible cultural heritage inheritors are invited to explain and demonstrate their skills on site, making traditional skills a cultural experience that is within reach for community residents, attracting approximately 35,000 people to participate on site.
The relevant person in charge of Poly Developments stated that the company will continue to deeply explore excellent traditional cultural resources, and through more diverse activities, allow more people to feel the unique charm of outstanding Chinese culture, and contribute to promoting cultural confidence and self-improvement, and building a strong socialist cultural country.
Return to TopGongshu District (拱墅区), Hangzhou (杭州), Zhejiang Province (浙江省) continues to deepen educational reform, actively constructing a nurturing system rooted in "Grand Canal Culture," combining institutional innovation with cultural immersion to cultivate new era "Grand Canal Good Youth" with ideals, responsibility, and qualities.
Innovating the Class Self-Governance System to Stimulate Students' Intrinsic Motivation for Growth
To address issues such as uneven student participation and a weak sense of ownership in class management, Gongshu District (拱墅区) explored and implemented the "One Class, Two Committees" innovative class self-governance system to stimulate students' intrinsic motivation for growth. In November 2022, Gongshu District (拱墅区) launched the New Era "Grand Canal Good Youth" Cultivation Program, selecting 26 classes for the first pilot program, promoting models such as "AB positions for male and female class cadres" and "dual class monitor system." In May 2025, at the second "Growth Festival" in Gongshu District (拱墅区), the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting 'One Class, Two Committees' in Primary and Secondary Schools in Gongshu District (拱墅区)" was officially released, systematically constructing a diverse combination model, proposing models including male and female class committee complementarity, weekly rotation, and coordination of routine and innovation, providing schools with diversified practical paths.
Schools actively innovate based on their actual situations. Hangzhou Maiyuqiao Primary School (杭州市卖鱼桥小学) launched a "position blind box" mechanism, providing more than 30 positions for students to choose from each week. Hangzhou Chunlei Middle School (杭州市春蕾中学) introduced the "Student Union" operation model, with the Learning Department establishing a "Science and Technology Tackling Group" and a "Liberal Arts Creative Workshop," implementing "project bidding" for cultural and sports activities, and establishing a "Monthly Sunshine Evaluation" mechanism to strengthen process feedback and growth incentives.
Home-School-Community Collaborative Education, Promoting Quality Education with Equal Emphasis on Five Aspects
Gongshu District (拱墅区) actively constructs a home-school-community collaborative education mechanism to promote joint governance. It has established a dual-track education network of "District-level Parent School Branch + Primary and Secondary School Parent Schools" to achieve full coverage of parent education services. Currently, the completion rate of provincial-level digital parent schools has reached 99%, and the compliance rate of normalized construction is 100%. Gongshu District (拱墅区) also launched the "Five Ones" initiative for home-school co-education, released the "Gongshu Dad and Mom Parenting Communication Guidance Manual" to deepen parent-child interaction; formulated the "Home-School-Community Collaborative Education 'Teaching Consortium' Work Plan" to construct a collaborative education system centered on schools, focusing on "three chains," and forming "five circles," innovatively carrying out the "Sunshine Mentor" collaborative protection grid work, giving play to the positive role of communities in the care and protection of young people, and striving to build a "Home-School-Community Co-education Experimental Demonstration Zone."
In terms of giving equal emphasis to the five aspects of education, quality education is systematically promoted. The Three-Year Action Plan for Science Education in Primary and Secondary Schools has been implemented, making it the first region in the province where every school has a science vice-principal, constructing new learning spaces, continuously holding the "Grand Canal Pearl" Science and Technology Festival and Art Festival for primary, secondary, and kindergarten students, strictly implementing "two hours of comprehensive sports activities" for students every day, strengthening the "Grand Canal Cup" series of sports event brands, and many schools have been rated as National Primary and Secondary Schools for the Inheritance of Excellent Chinese Culture and Art. Labor education has been fully incorporated into the teaching system, implementing the Gongshu version of "one lesson, one week, one list," and constructing a new model of labor education with "one body, one competition, and two lines."
Creating the "Grand Canal Ideological and Political Education" Brand, Thickening the Fertile Soil for Cultural Education
Gongshu District (拱墅区) fully explores the cultural resources of the Grand Canal, focusing on the important requirement of "doing a good job in this article on the Grand Canal," creating the "Grand Canal Ideological and Political Education" brand, constructing an ideological and political education system with regional characteristics, and allowing the cultural heritage of the Grand Canal and the red gene to jointly nourish students' growth.
The district systematically promotes the entry of "Party Knowledge" into the curriculum, promoting the organic integration of red elements into various disciplines, forming a clearly hierarchical red curriculum system. Relying on the "Grand Canal Ideological and Political Education" brand, it has created a brand project of "The Same Ideological and Political Class for Universities, Middle Schools, and Primary Schools"; integrated social resources to build more than 200 practice bases, and developed provincial-level quality courses such as "Flowing Culture, People's Canal." In 2024, taking the tenth anniversary of the successful application for World Heritage status of the Grand Canal of China as an opportunity, it widely carried out "Grand Canal Ideological and Political Education" study tours, constructing a three-dimensional education system of "museums + courses + practice," and related practices have achieved good response.
For more than 10 years, Gongshu District (拱墅区) has continuously carried out the "Flowing Grand Canal Ideological and Political Class," jointly forming an ideological and political education alliance with national canal cities, guiding students to participate in the study of canal culture, and inheriting canal culture in practice. Campus brand activities such as the "Grand Canal Citizen Festival" and the "520 Growth Festival" are also deeply integrated with the cultural elements of the Grand Canal. In addition, Gongshu District (拱墅区) registered the "Grand Canal Ideological and Political Education" trademark, designed the "Grand Canal Youth" IP image, and released a study tour route map, gradually constructing an integrated education system.
Through the systematic promotion of the cultivation of New Era "Grand Canal Good Youth," Gongshu District (拱墅区) is gradually forming a new form of five-pronged integration that is three-dimensional, interconnected, and distinctively characterized, allowing every "Grand Canal Youth" to thrive in the sunshine of the new era, and strive to become a new generation of young people who can shoulder the great responsibility of national rejuvenation.
Data source: Publicity Department of the CPC Gongshu District Committee of Hangzhou (中共杭州市拱墅区委宣传部), Hangzhou Gongshu District Education Bureau (杭州市拱墅区教育局).
Return to TopOn November 27th, the Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, led by its new music director and conducting maestro Daniel Harding, presented a high-level musical feast in Shanghai (上海), also marking the glorious closing chapter of the 24th China Shanghai International Arts Festival. This year's festival attracted artists and art groups from over 80 countries and regions, weaving a three-dimensional, rich, and tangible artistic tapestry for over 14 million online and offline viewers.
Demonstrating the cohesive power of art, building a global art event.
The Arts Festival is like a symphony tailored for Shanghai (上海). Since the "prelude" on October 17th, 55 main stage performances with 132 shows have generated nearly 66 million yuan in total box office revenue, with an average single-show box office increase of 15,700 yuan compared to the previous session. Among them, audiences from other provinces and cities accounted for about 32%, and overseas audiences accounted for nearly 12.5%. Nearly 63.5% of out-of-town audiences made a special trip to Shanghai (上海) for the Arts Festival, with an overall satisfaction rate of 97.3%, demonstrating the strong appeal of a world-class arts festival.
The gathering of world-class masters and groups is the "confidence" of a first-class festival. From international renowned groups such as the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, the Mariinsky Ballet, and the Schaubühne Theatre, to first-class groups based in China and facing the world, such as the National Theatre of China (中国国家话剧院), the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra (上海交响乐团), and the Hong Kong Ballet (香港芭蕾舞团), from conducting masters such as Valery Gergiev and Christian Thielemann, to opera stars such as Renée Fleming and Bryn Terfel, and to rising stars in the music scene such as Shen Jingtao (沈靖韬), the champion of the 17th Van Cliburn International Piano Competition, Lu Yixuan (陆逸轩), Chen Yutong (陈禹同), and Wang Zitong (王紫桐), the top three winners of the 19th International Chopin Piano Competition, all the masters, renowned groups, and new talents appeared on the stage. Many theaters and groups regard Shanghai (上海) as an important "review field" for artistic creation. The Shaanxi People's Art Theatre (陕西人艺) brought five major plays, including "White Deer Plain" (白鹿原) and "Ordinary World" (平凡的世界), to start a four-week "Shanghai (上海) residency" at the Arts Festival. Four of the six original works "produced in Shanghai (上海)," including the opera "Così fan tutte" and the final season of the stage play "Blossoms," premiered at the Arts Festival. A large number of national masterpieces created a grand occasion of "Shanghai (上海) performances," allowing Chinese aesthetics to be revitalized in exchanges and mutual learning.
Promoting the exclusive presentation of "limited edition" and "customized" versions is the "advancement" of a first-class festival. This year, over 90% of the 55 main stage performances premiered in Shanghai (上海). Among them, 11 international top projects, such as the classic opera "The Flying Dutchman" performed by the Bavarian State Opera with its full cast and the Stuttgart Ballet's "treasure of the troupe" ballet "Romeo and Juliet," launched the "only stop in China" at the Arts Festival. Valery Gergiev and the Mariinsky Symphony Orchestra's performance of the complete Mahler symphonies, as well as Pina Bausch's 1978 revival of "Café Müller: Echo 1978," co-produced by the Arts Festival, were "exclusive editions" specially created for the Arts Festival. The "limited edition" and "exclusive edition" achieved dazzling results. The complete Mahler symphonies attracted nearly 45% of audiences from other provinces and cities, and music fans from the United States, Germany, Russia, and other countries came specifically to experience the charm of music.
Building a "Shanghai (上海) solution" for global cooperation is the "pattern" of a first-class festival. The International Performing Arts Fair and International Dialogue attracted about 500 performing arts organizations and about 2,000 industry representatives, including the European Festivals Association, ISPA International Society for the Performing Arts, and the China Association of Performing Arts (中国演出行业协会), to gather in Shanghai (上海). Within 4 days, nearly 600 cooperation intentions were reached. During the Arts Festival, the Silk Road International Arts Festival Alliance, jointly initiated by the China Shanghai International Arts Festival (中国上海国际艺术节) and several global arts festivals, held its fifth annual meeting. The annual meeting announced that the alliance network has rapidly expanded, with members covering 52 countries and regions, and the total number of institutions reaching 196. At the same time, the "Silk Road International Arts Festival Alliance Development Report (2017-2025)" was grandly released. The "Shanghai (上海) voice" of global performing arts cooperation is resounding on the international stage.
As a world-class festival, the Arts Festival brings together first-class artistic forces and exports "Shanghai (上海) experience" to the world, interpreting the profound significance of exchanges and mutual learning among human civilizations.
Leveraging cultural radiation, building a "program for the people."
As a "grand event of art, a festival for the people," this year's Arts Festival presented over 500 activities and more than 1,400 wonderful events. The Arts Festival uses performances as an artistic link and ticket stubs as a consumption link, and jointly with nearly 300 merchants in 43 commercial complexes in the city, launched the "Art Life Guide" to create an "Arts Festival sample" of a one-stop consumption experience of "watching art + eating, living, traveling, shopping, and entertainment." The final comprehensive driving consumption scale exceeded 4.425 billion yuan, an increase of 10.2% compared to the previous session. The Arts Festival, which has joined the ranks of world-class festivals, is benefiting millions of viewers with its ever-changing influence, and is powerfully promoting the construction of Shanghai (上海) as an Asian capital of performing arts.
The Arts Festival, born in the city, is becoming a "source of power" to give back to urban development. In order to actively practice the concept of a "people's city," during this year's Arts Festival, the "Art Sky" benefit-the-people activity integrated 118 performing arts masterpieces from 38 countries and regions into Shanghai's (上海) landmarks, business districts, waterfronts, and green spaces, jointly building a "theater without walls" and painting a "15-minute benefit-the-people cultural circle." The 44 art education activities with 111 events, represented by "101 Art Venues," "Student Theater and Exhibition Viewing Group," "Art Enters Campus," and "Youth Drama Exhibition," formed an integrated model of "exhibition, evaluation, and education." During the same period, the Shanghai International Magic Festival, the Shanghai International Puppet Art Festival, and the JZ Shanghai Music Festival, three major professional exhibition and performance sections, were wonderful and colorful. The Arts Festival also achieved linkage with the China International Import Expo (进博会), the Shanghai Tourism Festival, the Shanghai Urban Space Art Season, and the Autumn Rendezvous Shanghai Art Season, and cooperated with Ctrip Travel, Didi Chuxing, Alipay, and coffee brands to form a virtuous cycle of mutual empowerment of diversified business formats and consumption scenarios of "culture, tourism, business, sports, and exhibition."
The Arts Festival, which links regional cooperation, is becoming a "booster" for the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. This year, the Arts Festival brought together the cultural and tourism departments of the governments of Shanghai (上海), Wuxi (无锡) in Jiangsu (江苏), Hefei (合肥) in Anhui (安徽), and Nanxun (南浔) in Zhejiang (浙江), as well as the railway system, to open the first branch venue special train, officially kicking off this year's linkage between the Yangtze River Delta with the Arts Festival as a link to deepen the coordinated development of culture and tourism, achieving remarkable results: The Hefei (合肥) branch venue sent the newly compiled Lu opera "Iron-Faced and Selfless" (铁面无私) to the "main stage" in Shanghai (上海), attracting many Shanghai (上海) audiences to watch the performance; the Nanxun (南浔) branch venue's 6-day event over 3 weekends attracted nearly 400,000 visitors to Nanxun Ancient Town (南浔古镇), a geometric increase compared to 2024.
The Arts Festival, which serves national strategies, is becoming a "reception room" for cultural exchange. The Yangtze River Delta and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as representatives of China's (中国) most dynamic regions, this year's Arts Festival achieved a dreamlike linkage between Jiangnan culture and Lingnan culture by holding the "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Culture Week." Seven major performances with 14 shows and the "Its Mandate is Renewal - A Century of Guangdong Art Exhibition" brought more than 800 important works (sets) to Shanghai (上海), triggering a viewing craze. Many performing arts organizations in the Greater Bay Area also received invitations from overseas performing arts organizations through the Arts Festival platform.
High-quality resources, shared in all areas, the Arts Festival is an Arts Festival of the times, of the people, and of the world, and its global influence is increasing day by day.
Forming innovative source power, cultivating new literary and artistic forces.
The Arts Festival actively embraces new spaces, new groups, and new forms. In this year's "Supporting Young Artists Program," the proportion of technology-integrated works declared reached 64%. The Arts Festival actively embraces the technological wave represented by AI and stands at the forefront, forming a source of power to cultivate young talents and innovate performing arts forms, and promoting the performing arts industry to move towards the new and the future.
Technology-driven exploration, creating a new engine for performing arts innovation. This year's Arts Festival combines high technology and avant-garde art, and international masterpieces are refreshing. The International Dialogue section of the Arts Festival builds a multi-level communication bridge. In the keynote dialogue with the theme of "'Intelligent' Manufacturing New Paradigm - Global Art AI Innovation," global AI scholars, heads of performing arts organizations, and heads of AI industry companies jointly discussed the current situation of artificial intelligence's intervention in artistic creation, production, and communication; the first "AI+N Workshop: From Creativity to Market" is practice-oriented, covering the entire process of AI application teaching in creation, production, touring, and marketing, helping practitioners master technological creation tools. "ARTRA Self-Defined Art" focuses on the cross-border integration of visual and performing arts, supported by digital technology, creating a futuristic interactive stage scene, allowing the audience to intuitively feel the cutting-edge trends of international technology art.
The wave of youth is surging, cultivating new forces in the future performing arts. The "Supporting Young Artists Program" deeply cultivates the entire chain of artistic creation, providing young artistic talents with all-round support from incubation to transaction, and building a professional, international, and influential growth support platform. In the 6 stage art works, 2 visual art projects, and 1 special recommendation work, young artists reconstruct classics from an innovative perspective and complete innovative expression under diverse cultures. "Integration" has become the key word of this year's "Supporting Young Artists Program." The Arts Festival created this category for the first time, aiming to encourage young artists to break down barriers between fields and stimulate creativity in cross-professional, cross-disciplinary, and cross-field exploration. These theatrical works that integrate cutting-edge technology and experimental spirit fully utilize multimedia interactive means such as mechanical arms, biosensors, and real-time sound field interaction to construct an immersive experience with modern artistic language. Many of these projects were favored in the promotion session of the International Performing Arts Fair and reached cooperation intentions on the spot, demonstrating the innovative vitality of the Arts Festival under an international perspective.
Benchmarking against the first-class camp, leading a new direction in the festival-running model. World-class art festivals need solid content support and rely on scientific data to speak. In order to continuously promote the "new power" of brand enhancement, the Arts Festival actively benchmarks against international first-class old-brand art festivals such as the Edinburgh International Festival and the Avignon Theatre Festival, and has launched the Arts Festival Influence Index Excellence List for the third consecutive year. It commissioned professional institutions to compile the "Comprehensive Evaluation Report of the 24th China Shanghai International Arts Festival" again, starting from multiple dimensions of "performance content," "venue and services," "audience situation," and "economic driving and industrial formats," focusing on nearly 20 specific indicators such as "proportion of famous groups and premieres," "audience experience and composition," and "box office and urban economic driving" to conduct in-depth analysis, and strive to compile a "Shanghai (上海) indicator" of festival-running model with innovative significance, and create a new direction in the festival-running model with practical results.
The Arts Festival always takes an open and groundbreaking attitude, not only building a stage for creators and empowering the industry, but also adhering to humanistic roots and gathering international synergy to jointly shape a better future for the performing arts.
Data source: China Shanghai International Arts Festival Center (中国上海国际艺术节中心)
Return to TopBy: 郑栅洁
Xi Jinping (习近平), General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, emphasized that firmly implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand and building a complete domestic demand system is related to China's long-term development and lasting peace and stability. The "Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" adopted by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee clearly pointed out that we should adhere to expanding domestic demand as a strategic base point, promote the virtuous interaction between consumption and investment, supply and demand, and enhance the endogenous power and reliability of the domestic grand cycle. During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, we must continue to expand domestic demand, further strengthen the domestic grand cycle, and provide a strong guarantee for accelerating the construction of a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development.
I. Significant Achievements in Expanding Domestic Demand Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core, China has continuously improved the quality level of domestic supply, continuously released consumption and investment demand, and the supporting role of domestic demand in economic development has been significantly enhanced.
--Domestic demand has become the main driving force and stabilizing anchor for economic growth. Striving to overcome the impact of the complex and severe internal and external development environment, China's economy maintained an average annual growth of 6.1% from 2013 to 2024, and the average contribution rate of domestic demand to economic growth reached 93.1%, of which the average contribution rates of final consumption expenditure and total capital formation were 55% and 38.1% respectively, and the basic role of consumption and the key role of investment were further brought into play. In terms of scale and proportion, the scale of final consumption expenditure and total capital formation in 2024 has reached 76.3 trillion yuan and 54.8 trillion yuan respectively, which are 2.7 times and 2.2 times that of 2012; the proportion of final consumption expenditure and total capital formation in GDP has remained above 50% and 40% respectively.
--Consumption structure and investment structure continue to upgrade. Consumption is moving towards the new, with new energy vehicle sales ranking first in the world for 10 consecutive years, and the domestic penetration rate of the passenger car market increasing from less than 0.1% at the end of 2013 to 48.9% in 2024; the proportion of service consumption in per capita consumption expenditure of residents increased from 39.7% in 2013 to 46.1% in 2024; new consumption formats and models are accelerating, and the proportion of online retail sales of physical goods in the total retail sales of social consumer goods increased from 10.8% in 2015 to 26.8% in 2024. Investment is focusing on excellence, with high-tech industry investment continuing to grow rapidly for many years, with an average annual growth of 12.1% from 2018 to 2024; under the guidance of the "dual carbon" goal and the new energy security strategy, green energy investment is growing rapidly; the growth rate of private project investment (excluding real estate development investment) continues to be faster than overall investment.
--China has become a super-large market with global influence. According to the internationally accepted caliber of physical consumption scale, China's physical consumption of clothing, food, housing, and transportation ranks first in the world, and the per capita consumption of white goods and mobile phones is at the world's leading level; calculated according to the purchasing power parity method published by the World Bank, China has become the world's largest consumer market. China has a population of more than 1.4 billion and a large middle-income group, the demand for service consumption continues to be released, and the further combination of consumption with modern technology and production methods has driven the rapid growth of emerging consumption, and China is constantly growing and becoming the most potential consumer market in the world.
In general, driven by major policies, major projects, and major projects, China's domestic demand scale has continued to expand, the quality has continued to improve, and the international influence has continued to increase, fully demonstrating that China's economic foundation is stable, has many advantages, is resilient, and has great potential, reflecting the supporting conditions and basic trends for long-term improvement. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, especially during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China has actively explored in expanding domestic demand and formed some effective experiences and practices.
(1) Adhere to continuously enriching and improving the policy system for expanding domestic demand in practice. In the past ten years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have deployed and implemented policy measures such as promoting consumption to drive transformation and upgrading, improving the consumption system and mechanism, and promoting the healthy development of private investment. The "Outline of the Strategy for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035)" formulated and implemented in 2022 further clarified the main goals, key tasks, and specific measures for expanding domestic demand. In 2024, the CPC Central Committee decided to issue ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support the implementation of major national strategies and the construction of security capabilities in key areas (referred to as "two major constructions"), support large-scale equipment renewal and trade-in of consumer goods (referred to as the "two new" policies), continue to expand domestic demand, and effectively respond to external shocks.
(2) Adhere to combining expanding domestic demand with making up for shortcomings and benefiting people's livelihoods. By implementing an employment-first policy and improving the social security system, the income of urban and rural residents has continued to increase. From 2013 to 2024, the per capita disposable income of residents in China has actually increased by an average of 6.1% annually, and the per capita consumption expenditure has actually increased by an average of 5.6% annually, of which the per capita education, culture, entertainment, and medical and health care consumption expenditures have increased by an average of 8% and 9.7% respectively. In 2025, China will implement special actions to boost consumption, and introduce a number of powerful policy measures in promoting the relaxation of restrictive consumption measures, establishing a childcare subsidy system, gradually promoting free preschool education, improving the holiday system, and steadily increasing the level of pensions. Various regions have increased the supply of cultural, tourism, and sports activities with distinctive characteristics and popular among the masses, such as football, basketball, ice and snow sports, and water sports, forming a "combination punch" to expand consumption through upper and lower coordination.
(3) Adhere to combining expanding domestic demand with creating new supply advantages and cultivating new development momentum. Since entering the new era, in accordance with the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, China has successively built a large number of major projects in the fields of transportation, energy, water conservancy, poverty alleviation, ecological and environmental protection, innovation-driven development, and new urbanization. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, major landmark projects such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway (川藏铁路), the Yaxia Hydropower Project (雅下水电工程), the Three Gorges Water Transport New Channel (三峡水运新通道), and the Yellow River Guxian Water Conservancy Hub (黄河古贤水利枢纽) were implemented. When participating in major projects in the field of nuclear power, the minimum shareholding ratio requirements for private capital have been set, and the space for private investment has continued to expand. We will continue to increase support for tackling key core technologies and transforming achievements in the field of science and technology, and promote the integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation to achieve new breakthroughs. China has built an intelligent computing power with a total scale of about 780,000 PFLOPS, ranking second in the world, far exceeding Japan, which ranks third in the world. Artificial intelligence is deeply empowering mobile phones, homes, automobiles, and other fields, and a large number of globally launched and China's first artificial intelligence products have attracted widespread attention.
(4) Adhere to combining expanding domestic demand with deepening reform and expanding opening up. The advantage of a large country's economy is that domestic demand is the leading factor and internal circulation is the main factor. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have deployed and implemented a series of policy measures such as building a high-standard market system, building a more complete market-oriented allocation system and mechanism for factors, establishing a fair competition review system, and accelerating the construction of a unified national market, and the operating efficiency of the domestic market has continued to improve. The number of market access negative list items has been reduced from 151 in the first edition in 2018 to 106 in 2025, all foreign investment access restrictions in the manufacturing sector have been fully lifted, and the opening-up pilot projects in telecommunications, medical care, finance, and other fields have been expanded. The level of infrastructure interconnection has been continuously improved, and the completion rate of the main framework of the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network "6 axes, 7 corridors, and 8 channels" has exceeded 90%, serving about 90% of the total economy and population. The business environment has been continuously optimized, the vitality of business entities has been effectively stimulated, and the connection between supply and demand has become smoother. At the same time, we will orderly expand autonomous opening up and unilateral opening up. As of September 2025, the number of countries with unilateral visa-free trials has reached 47. On the basis of a 61% increase in inbound tourist arrivals in 2024, the number of inbound tourist arrivals in the first half of 2025 increased by 30% year-on-year.
II. New Situation and New Requirements for Expanding Domestic Demand During the "15th Five-Year Plan" Period
The "15th Five-Year Plan" period has an important position in the process of basically realizing socialist modernization. Facing the complex and volatile international and domestic situation, facing a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, and facing the new expectations and new needs of the broad masses of the people, we must unswervingly concentrate our efforts on doing our own things well, expand domestic demand in an all-round way, and enhance the endogenous power and reliability of the domestic grand cycle.
(1) Expanding domestic demand is a strategic measure to effectively respond to external shocks. At present, the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, the complexity, severity, and uncertainty of the external environment have increased significantly, unilateralism and trade protectionism have risen, the international economic and trade pattern is facing profound reconstruction, the stable growth of the global economy is facing severe challenges, and the spillover impact of geopolitical risks on me is becoming more complex. These will be transmitted to me through trade, investment, finance, and other channels, increasing the difficulty of China's economic stability. At the same time, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating breakthroughs, and the competition among countries to seize the commanding heights of science and technology and future development is becoming more intense, which will inevitably drive supply innovation and spawn new demands. We must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, offset the uncertainty of external demand with the stable development of domestic demand, accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and enhance China's survival, competitiveness, development, and sustainability in all kinds of foreseeable and unforeseeable storms and waves.
(2) Expanding domestic demand is the key focus of strengthening the domestic grand cycle. At present, the domestic grand cycle is still facing many problems, such as the lack of endogenous power of consumption. The consumption rate of Chinese residents is still 10-30 percentage points lower than that of developed countries, especially the proportion of service consumption is relatively low; the efficiency of investment needs to be further improved, and the vitality of private investment has weakened; there are many bottlenecks and blockages in the construction of a unified national market, and the basic market system rules need to be improved. To solve these problems, we must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, improve the quality and efficiency of economic circulation, and promote the formation of more economic development models dominated by domestic demand, driven by consumption, and driven by endogenous growth, so that production, distribution, circulation, and consumption rely more on the domestic market to achieve mutual promotion and cyclical upgrading of supply and demand.
(3) Expanding domestic demand is an inevitable requirement to meet the people's needs for a better life. During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, residents' income levels are expected to grow steadily, and people's yearning for a better life presents personalized, diversified, and multi-level characteristics. With the optimization of the territorial space pattern and changes in the population structure and flow direction, the demand for service consumption in elderly care, medical care, and cultural tourism will continue to be released. The problem of permanent residents who have not settled down enjoying basic public services in cities and towns will be gradually resolved. To meet the people's growing needs for a better life and continuously improve the quality of people's lives, we must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, consolidate the foundation, promote advantages, make up for shortcomings, and strengthen weaknesses, and increase high-quality supply by expanding effective investment, and adapt to the constantly upgrading new consumption needs of residents with high-quality supply.
Overall, during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, China's opportunities and challenges for expanding domestic demand have undergone new developments and changes, and overall, opportunities outweigh challenges. We must accurately grasp the development law of the domestic market, give full play to the supporting role of domestic demand in economic development, coordinate and stabilize employment, stabilize enterprises, stabilize the market, and stabilize expectations, further strengthen the domestic grand cycle, effectively respond to external shocks and challenges, and promote the smooth, healthy, and sustainable development of China's economy.
III. Comprehensively Implement the Various Decisions and Deployments on Expanding Domestic Demand Proposed in the "15th Five-Year Plan"
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) clearly pointed out that expanding domestic demand is related to economic stability and economic security, and is not an expedient measure, but a strategic move. During the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, we must thoroughly implement the decisions and deployments of the CPC Central Committee, fully and accurately implement the new development concept, adhere to the people-centered development thought, adhere to expanding domestic demand as a strategic base point, and lay a solid foundation for comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.
(1) Vigorously boost residents' consumption. Based on the current situation, the focus is on optimizing the environment, innovating scenarios, and reducing restrictions. Combine expanding consumption with developing new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions, and expand the supply of high-quality consumer goods and services. Cancel unreasonable or **一刀切** (yī dāo qiē - "one knife cut," a one-size-fits-all approach) restrictive measures in the consumption field. Establish and improve management measures to adapt to new consumption formats, new models, and new scenarios. In response to the problem of "difficulty in taking leave" for paid leave, improve the implementation mechanism. In line with the trend of consumption upgrading, expand service consumption with a focus on relaxing access and integrating formats, strengthen brand leadership, standard upgrading, and new technology applications, promote the expansion and upgrading of commodity consumption, and create a number of new consumption scenarios with a wide driving range and high visibility. Expand inbound consumption and improve the level of convenience. Looking at the long term, the focus is on effectively enhancing residents' consumption capacity and focusing on increasing residents' consumption rate. Stabilizing employment and promoting income growth is the premise and foundation of consumption. We must take strong measures to increase the proportion of residents' income in the national income distribution and increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, and strive to achieve simultaneous growth of residents' income and economic growth, and simultaneous increase of labor remuneration and labor productivity. Increase the intensity of inclusive policies directly to consumers and increase government funds for people's livelihood security expenditures. Improve the social security system and expand consumption in ensuring and improving people's livelihoods.
(2) Actively expand effective investment. First, optimize the investment structure. Fully stimulate the vitality of private investment, systematically plan policy measures to promote private investment, and further unblock the blockages, difficulties, and pain points that restrict private investment in terms of market access, factor acquisition, fair law enforcement, and rights protection. Give better play to the driving and amplifying role of government investment, further clarify the direction and focus of central and local investment, and adhere to the top-down, soft and hard combination, and high-quality promotion of "two major constructions." Strengthen project reserve demonstration, actively plan and reserve more high-quality projects that are needed for development, can be done locally, and are expected by the masses, effectively strengthen the entry-into-storage check, and continuously improve the quality of reserve projects. In accordance with the idea of investment and consumption jointly driving economic growth, increase investment in consumption-related fields and promote a virtuous cycle of investment and consumption. Second, improve investment efficiency. Focus on solving the problem of "heavy investment and light efficiency" in some fields, and let investment funds leverage greater economic and social value. Improve the price formation mechanism in transportation, energy, and other fields, continue to strengthen investment project services and factor guarantees, and improve investment returns. Adapt to the needs of territorial space layout, population structure changes and flow direction, industrial upgrading trends, and service function optimization, and optimize the layout of supporting infrastructure and public service facilities such as education. Third, deepen the reform of the investment and financing system. Make good use of new policy-based financial instruments. Give full play to the role of infrastructure real estate investment trusts, government and social capital cooperation, and other channels to stimulate investment vitality. Deepen the reform of the investment approval system.
(3) Implement a number of major landmark projects. Based on the overall national strategy, the stage of development, and realistic needs, plan and implement a number of major landmark projects with strategic, leading, and breakthrough significance. In terms of investment, combined with the needs of national development, implement a number of major landmark projects in the fields of urban renewal, strategic backbone channels, new energy systems, major water conservancy projects, and national major scientific and technological infrastructure. Promote the continuous growth of infrastructure investment on the basis of maintaining a moderately advanced but not excessively advanced level. In terms of consumption, in line with the needs of consumption upgrading, population aging, and promoting fertility, implement a number of key projects in service consumption such as elderly care, childcare, and health, and supporting infrastructure for consumption such as cultural tourism. Explore extending the length of compulsory education and promote the system of providing basic public services by registering household registration in the place of permanent residence.
(III) Implement a number of major landmark projects. Based on the overall national strategy, stage of development, and practical needs, plan and implement a number of strategic, leading, and breakthrough major landmark projects. In terms of investment, in conjunction with national development needs, implement a number of major landmark projects in areas such as urban renewal, strategic backbone channels, new energy systems, major water conservancy projects, and national major scientific and technological infrastructure. Promote sustained growth in infrastructure investment while maintaining a moderate degree of advancement without being excessively advanced. In terms of consumption, in response to the needs of consumption upgrades, population aging, and promotion of childbirth, implement a number of key projects in service consumption such as elderly care, childcare, and health, as well as consumption-supporting infrastructure such as culture and tourism. Explore extending the length of compulsory education and implement a system of providing basic public services based on household registration in the place of permanent residence.
(IV) Deepen the construction of a unified national market. Closely focusing on the requirements of "five unifications and one opening," unify the basic market system rules, eliminate barriers in areas such as factor acquisition, qualification recognition, bidding and tendering, and government procurement, unify the standards of government behavior, eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation, and promote the smooth flow of commodities and factors on a larger scale. Improve the statistical, fiscal, and assessment systems that are conducive to the construction of a unified large market, and optimize the sharing of benefits between corporate headquarters and branches, production locations, and consumption locations. Govern enterprises' low-price and disorderly competition in accordance with laws and regulations, unify market supervision and law enforcement, strengthen anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition law enforcement and justice, and form a market order of high quality and reasonable prices and benign competition. Coordinate the promotion of hardware and software construction of the modern circulation system, improve the integrated circulation rules and standards, connect market facilities with high standards, and reduce logistics costs for the entire society.
Return to TopBy: 许传洲
People cannot stand without spirit, and a country cannot be strong without spirit. Achieving socialist modernization is a step-by-step, continuously developing and progressing historical process, requiring unremitting efforts and successive struggles. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "Boost the spirit of working hard and starting businesses, be conscientious and responsible, dare to take responsibility, meet difficulties head-on, and dare to fight." On the new journey of promoting Chinese-style modernization, the more complex the situation and the more arduous the tasks, the more party members and cadres must better boost the spirit of working hard and starting businesses, always maintain a fighting posture of earnestly grasping and working diligently, and promote the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the nation with practical work and achievements, opening up new horizons for the development of the cause.
The view of achievements is an important yardstick for measuring the performance of party members and cadres in fulfilling their duties, taking responsibility, and starting businesses. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) attaches great importance to the issue of the view of achievements, emphasizing the need to "firmly establish the view of achievements that benefit the people" and "be sure to establish a correct view of achievements in starting businesses." In reality, a few party members and cadres have problems such as a lack of responsibility, slackness and lying flat, and eagerness for quick success and instant benefits, which are essentially misaligned views of achievements. Only by establishing a correct view of achievements can we correct the orientation of working hard and starting businesses and stimulate the spirit of working hard and starting businesses. We must solve the problem of "for whom are achievements established," and strive to realize, safeguard, and develop the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the people. Always put the people in the highest position in our hearts, regard the people as the "chief examiners" of achievements, and build a monument of practical achievements with the reputation of the masses. Solve the problem of "what kind of achievements to establish," focusing on doing things rather than "showing off," benefiting one side rather than "creating momentum for a while," eliminating "vanity projects" and "image projects," and doing a good job in "people's heart projects" and "moral governance projects," truly being responsible to history and the people. We must solve the problem of "what to rely on to establish achievements," and adhere to emphasizing practical work, doing practical work, and seeking practical results. Liao Junbo (廖俊波) "did what he recognized, even carrying stones up the mountain," exchanging his "hard work index" for the people's "happiness index"; Huang Dafa (黄大发) made the oath of "if the water can't pass, I'll pave the way with my life," and worked with cadres and the masses for more than 30 years to carve out a "life canal" on the cliffs... We must take role models as mirrors, be willing to spend energy and work hard, be willing to pick the heaviest burdens, be able to gnaw the hardest bones, be good at taking over hot potatoes, and be firm actionists and pragmatists.
"If you want to establish something, you must first establish your heart." A sense of career is a basic political quality that party members and cadres must possess, and it is an important ideological foundation for wanting to do things, being able to do things, and accomplishing things. Only by stimulating a sense of career with full investment can we hone the sense of responsibility to seize opportunities and enhance the enterprising spirit to promote development. Party members and cadres must sincerely love, sincerely treat, and sincerely invest in the cause of the party, wholeheartedly do a good job, and devote themselves to development practice with the attitude of masters. We must support our sense of career with firm ideals and beliefs. Ideals and beliefs are the spiritual "calcium" of communists. Without ideals and beliefs, if ideals and beliefs are not firm, we will "lack calcium" spiritually and suffer from "osteomalacia." With ideals and beliefs, we can stimulate the passion for starting businesses and truly regard work as a career and responsibility as life. We must transform our sense of career into practical actions with selfless dedication. Dedication is the spiritual background and value pursuit of communists. The vast number of party members and cadres must translate their love and dedication to their careers into concrete work, devote themselves to doing practical things, seeking practical measures, and seeking practical results, and with a sense of responsibility of "always being uneasy," regard the urgent needs and expectations of the masses as their own "top priority," and consciously be dedicated contributors who are determined to serve the people.
The key to governance lies in implementation. Boosting the spirit of working hard and starting businesses ultimately comes down to execution. Execution is the "testing instrument" of party spirit cultivation. Not executing, executing slowly, or executing randomly is a manifestation of disloyalty and dishonesty to the party. Execution is also the "display" of the spirit of responsibility. Whether we dare to fight and are good at fighting in the face of contradictions, and whether we can bravely shoulder heavy burdens and step forward at critical moments, directly reflects the quality of party members and cadres in taking responsibility. We must show the courage to "jump up and pick peaches." Once we have identified something, we should let go, roll up our sleeves and work hard, explore new paths, open up new situations, and seize new opportunities with high spirits, and with a sense of urgency of "can't wait, can't slow down, can't sit still," we should grasp planning, improve efficiency, and strengthen implementation, temper our responsibility in self-imposed pressure, and move forward with determination in knowing and bearing heavy burdens. We must maintain the tenacity of "sinking down and nailing nails." Starting a business is by no means a one-day effort. We must carry forward the spirit of nailing nails, hammering one nail after another, never engaging in 三天打鱼两天晒网 (sān tiān dǎ yú liǎng tiān shài wǎng - "three days fishing two days sunning nets," work by fits and starts), steadily and persistently, and with the spiritual realm of "success does not have to be with me" and the historical responsibility of "success must have me," we will implement the goals of reform and the arduous tasks without any discount.
The cause of the party cannot tolerate the slightest vanity. The vast number of party members and cadres must safeguard integrity with a correct view of achievements, inspire ambition with a strong sense of career, and enhance sharpness with strong execution, better boost the spirit of working hard and starting businesses, unite and lead the vast number of people to create new historical achievements, and create new and greater glories.
Return to TopBy: 侯晓斌
Cities, as the crystallization and carriers of human civilization, are not only engines of economic development but also important places for cultural inheritance and spiritual shaping. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "To cultivate people with culture, benefit the people with culture, enrich the city with culture, and invigorate industries with culture, showcasing the city's cultural characteristics and spiritual temperament, is the purpose of inheriting and developing urban culture and nurturing urban civilization." The "Suggestions" of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed: "Build modern people's cities that are innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, civilized, and intelligent." The 2025 Central Urban Work Conference deployed seven key tasks for urban work, including "focusing on building civilized cities that advocate virtue and goodness." Building civilized cities that advocate virtue and goodness in the process of promoting high-quality urban development is not only an inherent requirement for leveraging the enabling role of culture in high-quality economic development but also an inherent requirement for promoting Chinese-style modernization that coordinates material and spiritual civilization. To focus on building civilized cities that advocate virtue and goodness, we must pay more attention to urban cultural inheritance and spiritual civilization construction, use cultural continuity to help the city's connotative development, and promote the continuous achievement of new results in the construction of modern people's cities.
Systematically promote the protection, inheritance, revitalization, and utilization of historical and cultural heritage. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "We must put the protection of historical and cultural heritage first, and at the same time, we must make reasonable use of it so that it can fully play its role in providing public cultural services and meeting the spiritual and cultural needs of the people." Historical culture is the soul of a city, the deep foundation of urban development, witnessing the city's rise and fall, carrying the wisdom and emotions of ancestors, and is the city's unique cultural identity. Promoting the protection, inheritance, revitalization, and utilization of urban historical and cultural heritage will provide solid cultural support for promoting the excellent traditional Chinese culture, enhancing cultural confidence, and building civilized cities that advocate virtue and goodness. To this end, we must strengthen the protection and management of historical and cultural heritage, and increase investment in historical and cultural heritage, especially endangered cultural relics rescue protection, traditional building protective restoration, and other related projects. Severely crack down on acts that damage historical and cultural heritage, pay attention to the overall protection of historical and cultural blocks and famous towns and villages, and ensure the integrity of the historical style by maintaining their street patterns, spatial texture, and surrounding environment. Actively promote the deep integration of modern technology and cultural relic protection, make full use of digital intelligence technology to empower historical and cultural heritage protection, and realize the permanent preservation and efficient utilization of cultural relic information. Build an effective mechanism to promote the protection, utilization, and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, ensure that inheritors can concentrate on intangible cultural heritage inheritance by providing transmission venues and supporting skill research, and vividly display the cultural connotation and skill charm of intangible cultural heritage through documentaries, special programs, digital exhibitions, and other forms, so that intangible cultural heritage can radiate new vitality in contemporary life.
Strengthen urban style management. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) attaches great importance to urban style and made important instructions to avoid "thousands of cities with one face and ten thousand buildings with one appearance" (千城一面、万楼一貌) (qiān chéng yī miàn, wàn lóu yī mào - "thousand cities one face, ten thousand buildings one appearance," describing a lack of individuality or distinctiveness in urban architecture and planning). Urban style is the overall appearance of the city's natural environment and artificial built environment, intuitively showing the city's internal characteristics and external image. Strengthening urban style management in the planning, construction, and management stages will enable urban space to better meet modern life and work needs, and highlight the cultural characteristics and ecological background of the construction of civilized cities that advocate virtue and goodness. To this end, we must improve the urban style management system, create an urban image that combines the spirit of the times and humanistic temperature, and make the city a beautiful home for living and working in connotative development. Strengthen the control and guidance role of urban planning, establish a scientific and reasonable urban design system according to the laws of modern urban development, give full play to the leading role of urban planning in urban development, especially in shaping the characteristic style of the city, and widely solicit opinions from citizens and strengthen public participation in urban design through various means, so that urban design results can better reflect the wishes of citizens and urban characteristics. Strengthen architectural design management, deeply explore regional cultural resources, absorb modern architectural concepts and technologies on the basis of refining the unique elements of traditional architecture, form an architectural style with regional recognition, and let urban buildings better show the charm of the city while taking into account Chinese aesthetics and the fashion of the times. Properly handle the relationship between ecology and humanities in urban construction, adhere to the concept of ecological priority, integrate ecological protection into the entire process of urban style shaping, pay attention to protecting the natural landscape pattern and topography, strengthen urban ecological restoration and environmental remediation, maintain the integrity and stability of the urban ecosystem, build a blue-green interwoven, fresh and bright urban ecological network, and realize the harmonious coexistence of the city and nature.
Strengthen the construction of urban cultural soft power. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) emphasized: "Comprehensively improve the civilization quality of citizens and the civilization level of the city." The civilization quality of citizens is an important manifestation of cultural soft power and an important measure of the city's civilization level. Strengthening the construction of urban cultural soft power, enriching the city's spiritual and cultural life, and further improving the civilization quality of citizens are inherent requirements for building civilized cities that advocate virtue and goodness, and also an important support for achieving high-quality urban development. We must improve the public cultural facility network, comprehensively consider the regional population distribution density, regional cultural characteristics, and the actual cultural needs of the masses, optimize the layout of public cultural facilities, rationally plan and build public cultural facilities such as museums, libraries, cultural centers, and art galleries, further improve the conditions of grass-roots public cultural facilities, and let the majority of citizens share the fruits of cultural development. Improve the level of public cultural services, make full use of digital and intelligent technologies, focus on accuracy and effectiveness, continuously optimize the supply of cultural services and cultural products, strengthen the tracking and research of the spiritual and cultural needs of the people, organize cultural activities and provide cultural services in a targeted manner, and continuously improve the effectiveness of public cultural services. Closely integrate the cultivation and practice of socialist core values with the promotion of urban spirit, integrate them into all aspects of urban construction and management, stimulate citizens' sense of belonging and pride, enhance the city's cohesion and centripetal force, and let the majority of citizens internalize the urban spirit and externalize it into action in the process of participating in urban development and construction.
(The author is the Director of the Innovation Engineering Office of the Shanxi Academy of Social Sciences (Shanxi Provincial People's Government Development Research Center))
Return to TopBy: 本期主讲人：第十四届全国政协经济委员会副主任 尹艳林
Finance is the lifeblood of the national economy and an important component of a country's core competitiveness. Finance is a matter of national importance ("国之大者"), related to the overall construction of Chinese-style modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) attaches great importance to financial work and has made a series of important expositions, especially at the Central Financial Work Conference held in October 2023, where he emphasized that the financial system should focus on doing a good job in five major areas: technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. General Secretary Xi Jinping's (习近平) important speech pointed out the direction for high-quality financial development.
The understanding of the essence of finance with Chinese characteristics is constantly deepening.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping (习近平) at its core has attached great importance to financial work, adhered to combining Marxist financial theory with the specific realities of contemporary China and with China's outstanding traditional culture, accurately grasped the characteristics of China's financial development, strived to grasp the laws of financial development in the new era, and continuously deepened the understanding of the essence of finance with Chinese characteristics. It has adhered to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over financial work, adhered to a people-centered value orientation, adhered to serving the real economy as the fundamental purpose of finance, adhered to preventing and controlling risks as the eternal theme of financial work, adhered to promoting financial innovation and development on a market-oriented and rule-of-law track, adhered to deepening the structural reform of the financial supply side, adhered to coordinating financial opening-up and security, and adhered to the general tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, striving to blaze a path of financial development with Chinese characteristics.
To do a good job in the "five major articles" of finance, it is necessary to vigorously develop technology finance and provide full-chain, full-life-cycle financial services for technology-based enterprises; to improve the policy, standards, and product system of green finance, guide more financial resources to the green and low-carbon field, and provide strong support for sustainable economic development and the realization of the "dual carbon" goals; to focus on key areas of people's livelihood, continuously develop a variety of financial products, improve the inclusiveness of financial services, and make "finance for the people, finance benefiting the people, finance benefiting the people, and finance facilitating the people" a concrete practice; to develop pension finance, increase the supply of financial products and services, and better meet the increasingly diversified needs of pension finance; and to accelerate the digital transformation of financial institutions and improve the convenience and competitiveness of financial services.
Positive results have been achieved in doing a good job in the "five major articles" of finance.
In recent years, various departments have vigorously implemented the work, focusing on doing a good job in the "five major articles" of finance, and providing high-quality and efficient financial services for economic and social development.
The policy framework and tool system have been continuously improved. Policy documents such as the "Guiding Opinions on Constructing a Green Financial System," the "Guiding Opinions on Banking and Insurance Doing a Good Job in the 'Five Major Articles' of Finance," and the "Implementation Opinions on the Capital Market Doing a Good Job in the 'Five Major Articles' of Finance" have been issued. In 2022, a 200 billion yuan technology innovation re-lending facility was established. In 2024, a 500 billion yuan technology innovation and technological transformation re-lending facility was integrated and established. In 2025, it will be increased by 300 billion yuan, with the scale increasing to 800 billion yuan. A 40 billion yuan special re-lending facility for inclusive elderly care was created and piloted in the five provinces of Hebei (河北), Jiangsu (江苏), Zhejiang (浙江), Jiangxi (江西), and Henan (河南). In addition, carbon emission reduction support tools and special re-lending facilities to support the clean and efficient use of coal have also been created. The policy on entrepreneurial guaranteed loans has been continuously optimized to support the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates, migrant workers, and veterans.
The financial organization and product service system has been continuously improved. "Patent pledge loans," "innovation point loans," and "technology talent loans" have been implemented and promoted. A variety of technology insurance products have been launched, such as loan guarantee insurance for technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, insurance for the first (set) of major technological equipment, and insurance for the first batch of applications of new materials. The Science and Technology Innovation Board provides a new platform for technology companies to directly finance. The "Science and Technology Board" of the bond market was officially launched in May this year, forming a multi-level green financial market system dominated by green loans and green bonds, with a variety of green financial instruments developing vigorously. Inclusive finance has expanded from a single credit to a comprehensive service of "credit + insurance + wealth management," basically achieving "organizations in every township, services in every village, and accounts in every household." Pilot projects for elderly care financial management and specific elderly care savings have been carried out, and the third pillar of elderly care financial products has been continuously enriched. The pilot project of digital RMB is steadily advancing.
The quality and efficiency of financial services for the real economy have been significantly improved. As of the end of September this year, the newly added amount of technology loans accounted for 30.5% of the total newly added amount of loans; the balance of foreign currency loans to technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises was 3.6 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22.3%, which was 15.8 percentage points higher than the growth rate of all loans in the same period, and the loan approval rate was 50.3%; the contracted amount of technology innovation and technological transformation loans was 2.6 trillion yuan, and the loans issued were 1.1 trillion yuan; 277 entities in the inter-bank bond market have issued 669.1 billion yuan of technology innovation bonds. As of the end of September this year, the balance of green loans was 43.5 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22.9%; the cumulative issuance of green bonds was 4.9 trillion yuan, of which the cumulative issuance of green financial bonds was 2.1 trillion yuan, providing a stable source of funds for financial institutions to issue green credit.
Unswervingly follow the path of financial development with Chinese characteristics.
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China reviewed and approved the "Suggestions of the CPC Central Committee on Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development," and made new deployments for China to accelerate the construction of a financial powerhouse in the next five years. To thoroughly implement the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee and the Central Financial Work Conference, it is necessary to take multiple measures to do a good job in the "five major articles," promote the high-quality development of China's finance, and provide strong support for building a socialist modern country in all respects.
Develop technology finance to promote the development of new quality productive forces. It is necessary to guide financial institutions to improve the incentive and restraint mechanism, coordinate and use equity, debt, insurance and other means to provide full-chain, full-life-cycle financial services for technology-based enterprises, and strive to form a virtuous cycle of "technology-industry-finance." Increase credit support for technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, and regulate the development of businesses such as "loans + external direct investment." Optimize the safety insurance operation mechanism for the first (set) of major technological equipment, the first batch of applications of key new materials, and the first version of software. Support technology-based enterprises in new industries, new business formats, and new technology fields to break through key core technologies and go public with greater efforts. Continue to support high-quality unprofitable technology-based enterprises to go public. Guide private equity venture capital funds to invest early, invest in small businesses, invest for the long term, and invest in hard technology.
Develop green finance and accelerate the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. Continuously strengthen financial support for the green, low-carbon, and circular economy, guide funds to invest in environmental protection, energy conservation, clean energy and other green industries, and help achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Improve green financial standards and evaluation systems, guide banking and insurance institutions to actively support energy conservation and carbon reduction in key industries and fields, and promote the construction of a clean and low-carbon energy system and the promotion and application of green technologies. Enrich green financial products and services, and develop environmental rights such as carbon emission rights and pollutant discharge rights for mortgage financing. Support eligible green industry enterprises to issue listings, financing mergers and acquisitions, and issue green bonds and green asset-backed securities.
Develop inclusive finance to help improve people's quality of life. Actively develop inclusive financial products for the elderly, farmers, new citizens, low-income people, people with disabilities and other groups, and continue to improve the availability of financing for individual industrial and commercial households, farmers and new agricultural business entities. Continue to improve the policy system for financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises, and further alleviate problems such as difficult and expensive financing. Deeply promote the pilot project of inclusive finance in the Beijing Stock Exchange (北交所) and the New Third Board (新三板), and support high-quality small and medium-sized enterprises such as "specialized, refined, and new" to be listed. Innovate financial products and services to better meet residents' diversified investment needs.
Develop pension finance and actively respond to the aging of the population. It is necessary to actively develop the third pillar of pension insurance, enrich pension financial products, and continue to increase financial support for the silver economy, health and elderly care industries, and better meet the increasingly diversified needs of pension finance. Support eligible health, elderly care and other silver economy enterprises to raise equity and debt financing, and explore the issuance of asset-backed securities and REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts) with elderly care facilities as the underlying assets. Support public fund management companies to establish subsidiaries specializing in pension financial services.
Develop digital finance to better improve the effectiveness of financial services for the real economy. It is necessary to actively guide the digital transformation of banking and insurance institutions and improve the ability to operate and serve digitally. Vigorously develop mobile Internet terminal businesses, expand online channels, and strengthen online and offline business collaboration. Improve the digital level of the securities and futures industry. Promote the implementation of more "green light" projects for the issuance of stocks and bonds by digital economy and platform enterprises. Strengthen risk management of data security, network security, and information technology outsourcing, and prevent risks brought about by the application of new technologies. Improve the financial regulatory system adapted to the digital age, enhance digital regulatory capabilities and financial consumer protection capabilities.
Technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance, the "five major articles," are the key areas of high-quality financial development. In accordance with the requirements of the "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal, continuing to do a good job in the "five major articles" will surely better realize the fundamental purpose of financial services for the real economy, reflect the people-centered value orientation, and contribute to the construction of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with high-quality financial development.
(Compiled by Ren Yan (任妍) and Huang Sheng (黄盛), reporters from People's Daily Online)
Case 1
Technology Credit Supports the Development of Commercial Aerospace
Narrator: Wang Lei (王磊), President of the High-end Industrial Zone Branch of China Minsheng Bank (中国民生银行) Beijing (北京) Free Trade Pilot Zone
On October 19, when I once again witnessed the Lijian-1 carrier rocket piercing the sky with a dazzling tail flame and successfully sending the payload into its predetermined orbit, the excitement and pride in my heart were beyond words. Zhongke Aerospace Technology Co., Ltd. (中科宇航技术股份有限公司), which undertook this launch mission, ranks among the top in the commercial rocket launch service market and has performed many major national missions. This is not only an aerospace feat, but also a vivid testimony to our use of financial power to help China's commercial aerospace development.
As a number of commercial rocket companies have successively achieved successful launches, China's commercial aerospace industry is accelerating into a fast track of development. However, for these companies chasing the stars, traditional financial "rulers" are difficult to measure, and we need to design more suitable credit granting plans.
Our office is no longer just traditional financial statements, but technical materials such as rocket engine schematics and fuel comparison analysis that are like "heavenly books." We visited companies, researched factories, consulted experts, and polished reports over and over again, transforming obscure technical language into clear financial logic, and explored innovative models such as intellectual property pledge and investment-loan linkage to strive to meet the development needs of enterprises.
We will adhere to doing a good job in this major article of technology finance, provide enterprises with high-quality services throughout the entire life cycle, and help the development of new quality productive forces. If the romance of aerospace lies in rushing to the bright galaxy, then the romance of finance lies in paving a financial "track" leading to the stars for those dreams of "building rockets."
(Compiled by Tang Jia (唐佳), reporter from People's Daily Online)
Case 2
Green Insurance Policies Help Build a Solid Ecological Barrier
Narrator: An Dong (安东), Business Director of China United Property Insurance (中华财险) Aba (阿坝) Central Branch
In Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (阿坝藏族羌族自治州) in northwestern Sichuan (四川), in pastoral areas with an average altitude of more than 3,500 meters, herdsmen have been living with yaks for generations. In March of this year, a cold wave that had not been seen in decades hit Xiaojin County (小金县), Aba Prefecture (阿坝州).
On the pasture of Huang Minghua (黄明华), a herdsman in Mupo Township (木坡乡), Xiaojin County (小金县), more than 40 yaks fell in the snow. According to the insurance terms and ecological protection requirements, we explained to him that the prerequisite for claims settlement is to carry out harmless treatment of dead cattle. This is to protect pastures and water sources and prevent the spread of diseases. After patient communication, Huang Minghua (黄明华) agreed to cooperate.
We quickly verified the identity of the yaks through the electronic ear tag system, completed the on-site survey and loss assessment, and promptly transferred the claim payment to Huang Minghua's (黄明华) account. This money helped him overcome the difficulties and also made him see another meaning behind the insurance - not only economic compensation, but also the protection of grassland ecology.
In addition to claims settlement, we also distribute forage and epidemic prevention drugs to insured herdsmen every year to minimize the risk of yak deaths due to illness and disasters. The electronic "ID card" of each yak also provides a basis for subsequent live mortgage loans, helping herdsmen broaden financing channels.
From yak insurance to harmless treatment, from live mortgage financing to resource recycling, a green financial network allows herdsmen to both protect the grassland ecology and hold on to the "golden rice bowl" of increasing income, making the ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River full of greenery.
(Compiled by Ouyang Yijia (欧阳易佳), reporter from People's Daily Online)
Case 3
Inclusive Drip Irrigation Promotes Income Increase in the Coffee Industry
Narrator: Li Jia (李佳), Deputy Director of the Menglian Dai, Lahu and Va Autonomous County Branch of the Agricultural Bank of China (中国农业银行孟连傣族拉祜族佤族自治县支行)
My hometown is in Menglian Dai, Lahu and Va Autonomous County (孟连傣族拉祜族佤族自治县), Pu'er City (普洱市), Yunnan Province (云南省). Twenty years ago, villagers in Xingang Village (信岗村), Menglian County (孟连县) lived by growing sugarcane and corn, with an average annual income of less than 1,000 yuan per capita. In 2007, Yan Gu (岩古), the Party branch secretary of Xingang Village (信岗村), led the villagers to cultivate 1,700 mu of land to plant coffee trees, established the Jinshan Coffee Cooperative (金山咖啡合作社), provided planting technical services to coffee farmers, purchased and processed coffee beans, and looked for sales channels.
Due to the high altitude and large temperature difference between day and night, the coffee grows well and orders are booming, and the lives of the villagers have gradually improved. However, in 2018, a strong frost damaged more than 400 mu of coffee trees in the full fruit period, coupled with the decline in international coffee bean prices, the affected coffee farmers lacked funds, and they did not even have money to buy fertilizers. After learning about this, we provided credit loans of up to 100,000 yuan per household to 58 affected farmers.
In 2022, international coffee bean prices rebounded, and Menglian County (孟连县) made efforts to develop specialty coffee. In response to the capital needs of various links in the industrial chain, the Agricultural Bank of China (农行) optimized agricultural financial products and services and launched products such as "Rural Revitalization Coffee Loan." As of the end of September this year, the Agricultural Bank of China (农行) Menglian County Branch (孟连县支行) has cumulatively granted 31.21 million yuan in credit, supporting 12 coffee enterprises and cooperatives, driving more than 5,000 farmers.
After years of development, the coffee beans in Menglian County (孟连县) have become "golden beans" for wealth. Local enterprises have also integrated coffee with weaving skills to innovate and launch "Va Mountain Souvenirs," promoting income increase for local villagers.
(Compiled by Li Tong (李彤) and Du Yanfei (杜燕飞), reporters from People's Daily Online)
Case 4
Pension Finance Enriches the Silver-Haired Anju Life
Narrator: Wei Lin (魏琳), Deputy General Manager of China Pacific Life Insurance (中国太保寿险)
At 10 a.m., in the Taibao Home (太保家园) elderly care community in Wuhan City (武汉市), Hubei Province (湖北省), 92-year-old Wang Shunlai (王顺来) put on a volunteer vest, put on an inspection badge, and explained legal provisions and solved problems for his neighbors.
From a household registration police officer walking through the streets and alleys with a canvas bag to one of China's top ten outstanding prosecutors, Wang Shunlai (王顺来) has been dealing with legal provisions for half his life. After retirement, Wang Shunlai (王顺来) and his wife pay more attention to the quality of life in their later years, and the Taibao Home (太保家园) elderly care community has become the new home for the couple.
From elderly care to "enjoying old age," the invisible "helper" behind this is pension finance. Elderly care services are no longer limited to economic subsidies and life care, but are gradually transforming to diversified and all-round services. With the continuous construction of the integrated "big health and elderly care" ecology and the continuous improvement of the "medical and elderly care combination" model, rich products and high-quality services have solved the worries of the elderly. In particular, with the promotion of the community home-based elderly care service model, the "insurance + service" elderly care model is accelerating its transformation and upgrading.
Developing pension finance needs to adhere to the basic principle of "elderly care is the purpose, finance is the tool." We take customers as the center, promote high-quality pension financial services to enter thousands of households through innovative services, professional leadership and digital empowerment. At present, Taibao Home (太保家园) has landed 15 communities in 13 cities across the country, providing services to more and more elderly people.
(Compiled by Li Qiaochu (栗翘楚), reporter from People's Daily Online)
Case 5
Digital Empowerment Provides Better Medical Services
Narrator: Zhao Liang (赵亮), Director of the Public Business Platform Operation Team of the Platform Operation Center of China Construction Bank (中国建设银行平台运营中心对公业务平台运营团队处长)
Chen Chao (陈超), Vice President of Huawei Kunpeng Computing Field (华为鲲鹏计算领域副总裁)
Huawei Kunpeng Computing Domain Vice President Chen Chao (陈超)
Early morning, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (四川省人民医院) begins to bustle. The efficient operation of the hospital is inseparable from the empowerment of the digital financial platform. This spring, China Construction Bank's (建设银行) "Jianrong Zhiyi" (建融智医) platform was launched in the hospital, opening up functions such as reconciliation and refund, which greatly improved the efficiency of financial work. What used to require 7 people to do can now be done by only 1 person.
In order to make the system's user experience better, the staff conducted visits and research, summarized 9 types of question and answer guidelines, formed more than 30 common question and answer databases and launched them on the platform, reducing the single question and answer retrieval time from an average of 63 seconds to less than 12 seconds. At present, the self-service question and answer database has been launched in 5 hospitals.
The "Jianrong Zhiyi" (建融智医) platform is a microcosm of China Construction Bank's (建行) practice of its original intention of "finance for the people." "Yunongtong" (裕农通) uses financial power to serve rural development, "Jianrong Huixue" (建融慧学) helps students realize their youthful dreams... China Construction Bank (建行) continues to leverage the advantages of digital finance to warmly guard the road to a better life.
Behind the warm service is the solid support of underlying technology. With our distributed banking core system and computing infrastructure, we have broken through innovative technologies such as natural language processing, dynamic construction of knowledge bases, and cross-system data interaction, and continuously improved service efficiency. The combination of digital technology and finance has spawned "wisdom and living water" that serves all walks of life, writing a new chapter with more warmth.
(Compiled by Xia Xiaolun (夏晓伦), People's Daily Online reporter)
Return to TopLayout Design: Zhang Danfeng (张丹峰)
Return to Top1985
The first Sino-foreign joint venture bank in New China
Always adhering to the concept of serving the country, the people, and the real economy
2025
A trillion-level international city commercial bank
Connecting Hong Kong and Macao, serving the world
1985 As the first Sino-foreign joint venture bank in New China, the establishment of Xiamen International Bank (厦门国际银行) was a major innovation in the history of Chinese finance and a vivid practice of China's early financial reform and opening up.
1991 The first commercial bank in China to introduce strategic investors from international financial organizations and developed countries.
2002 The first foreign-funded bank in China approved to operate comprehensive foreign exchange business.
2013 Successfully restructured into a Chinese-funded city commercial bank.
2017 Acquired Luso International Banking Limited, opening a new chapter in overseas strategic layout.
2021 Total assets exceeded one trillion yuan, taking the lead in proposing the overseas Chinese financial development strategy and creating the "Preferred Bank for Overseas Chinese Finance."
2025 Shining run for 40 years
Data source: Xiamen International Bank (厦门国际银行)
Return to TopFocusing on the goals of building a modern people's city that is innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, civilized, and intelligent, the 2025 Social Governance and Collaborative Innovation Urban High-Quality Development Conference and the 5th Town Mayors Forum, guided by the Chinese Society for Urban Studies (中国城市科学研究会), co-organized with the participation of Poly Developments and Holdings Group Co., Ltd. (保利发展控股集团股份有限公司), and undertaken by Poly Property Services Co., Ltd. (保利物业服务股份有限公司), was grandly held at the Shenzhen Convention and Exhibition Center (Futian) (深圳会展中心（福田）) from November 27th to 28th.
Upgrading the Full-Domain Service Model
Actively Responding to Urban Development Needs
Faced with the new challenges and opportunities of urban governance in the new stage, how to improve urban quality while maintaining the bottom line of safety, achieve the transformation from "emphasizing construction" to "emphasizing governance," and stimulate the vitality of multi-agent collaborative governance are the problems that urban governance needs to solve.
As a participant in urban governance, Poly Property proposed a full-domain service model for coordinating grassroots governance in 2018. After years of deep cultivation in public services and continuous exploration and innovation, Poly Property is now actively responding to urban development requirements with new full-domain service practices.
In the Guangzhou Haizhu National Wetland Park (广州市海珠国家湿地公园), Poly Property takes "ecological renewal" as the path, coordinates wetland protection and urban development, takes "spatial integration" as the logic, transforms ecological resources into scenic spot IPs and commercial scenes, creates landmark flower sea landscapes, connects characteristic tour routes, and plans more than 60 themed activities such as the "Flower Festival" and "Dragon Boat Scenery," promoting the continuous transformation of ecological value into economic value.
On Changzhou Island (长洲岛) in Huangpu District (黄埔区), Guangzhou (广州市), Poly Property practices the "urban renewal" path, deeply integrates the functions of "block + scenic spot," and systematically revitalizes and transforms old spaces and idle land: it optimizes the transportation connection network through refined grid governance and renews the appearance of the century-old block; it efficiently revitalizes idle land resources within its jurisdiction and introduces six operating projects that meet the needs of people's livelihoods and tourism, such as convenience coffee stations and electric vehicle charging stations, allowing old spaces to radiate new vitality.
In Xichong Scenic Area (西涌景区), Shenzhen (深圳市), Poly Property focuses on the "cultural innovation" path and builds a "value integration" pattern centered on the innovation of coastal culture IPs. Through traffic optimization, business format introduction, and brand planning, it creates a new model of "coastal governance + cultural tourism integration," enhances the overall service capacity and consumption level of the region, and builds a cultural empowerment pattern of win-win cooperation among the government, enterprises, villagers, and tourists, demonstrating the important role of light asset operation in urban governance.
Based on profound full-domain service practices, facing the "15th Five-Year Plan," Poly Property will provide new solutions for urban collaborative governance with the upgrading of the full-domain service model and product segmentation, and redefine the role of property service enterprises in urban governance: from basic service providers to promoters of urban space value reconstruction and sustainable operation, helping the industry upgrade from "single governance" to "full-domain collaboration."
Leveraging the Role of the Town Mayors Forum Platform
Exploring Innovative Social Governance Ideas
New era, new governance, new city. The Town Mayors Forum undertaken by Poly Property aims to gather multi-party forces and seek better solutions for social governance and collaborative innovation from both ideological and practical aspects.
As an important exchange platform in the field of grassroots governance, the Town Mayors Forum has always taken "street towns" as the basic unit since its first session in 2018, focusing on the professional services of enterprises and the marketization of urban public services, conducting constructive discussions on grassroots governance issues, and exploring the path of modern urban governance.
In 2018, focusing on the theme of "Humanistic Town Revitalization, Beautiful Co-existence," the first Town Mayors Forum proposed to take rural revitalization as the starting point, input excellent services and rich resources into township public service governance, and promote urban-rural integration and development.
In 2019, focusing on the theme of "Precise and Good Governance, Town Revitalization of China," the second Town Mayors Forum attracted more than 300 guests, experts, scholars, and industry leaders from 28 cities and regions to jointly discuss how small towns in the new era should achieve refined governance, solve the difficulties of refined urban management, and explore new paths for innovative social governance.
In 2020, focusing on the theme of "Town Harmony, Beautiful China," more than 200 guests deeply discussed new ideas and models for urban development and social governance during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period at the third Town Mayors Forum.
In 2023, focusing on the theme of "Full Core Full Domain, Good Governance Good City," the fourth Town Mayors Forum deeply discussed new solutions for the coordinated development of large, medium, and small cities and towns, promoted reform and innovation, upgraded the "full-domain flywheel" service model, and launched a full-process, all-round, integrated solution—"One Core Four Methods Nine Scenarios."
Shenzhen Sets Off Again
Talking About "New Full Domain, Beautiful Co-existence"
Vibrant Greater Bay Area, innovation sets off again. From November 27th to 28th, the 2025 Social Governance and Collaborative Innovation Urban High-Quality Development Conference and the 5th Town Mayors Forum were held in Shenzhen (深圳市). With the theme of "New Full Domain, Beautiful Co-existence," the conference explored how to achieve "urban connotative development" under the background of the new era and new journey, and how to promote cities to revitalize existing assets and improve quality and efficiency, so as to offer suggestions for the construction of a modern people's city.
Highlight 1: Wisdom Collision, Talking About the Future
This conference attracted hundreds of guests from the political, academic, and business circles to participate in in-depth discussions on the construction of a modern people's city, systematically deconstructed first-line practical cases, shared replicable and scalable governance experiences, and provided reference models for urban governance participants across the country.
Highlight 2: Product Launch, Model Leap
At this conference, Poly Property's new product system of full-domain service model was newly released, starting from the existing governance pain points, taking scenic spot operation as the fulcrum, taking "integration" as the methodology, and combining with the changes in urban development requirements to provide new solutions.
Highlight 3: Dual-Zone Linkage, Combination of Static and Dynamic
This conference adopted the "dual-zone linkage, combination of static and dynamic" model to bring an immersive experience: the Shenzhen Convention and Exhibition Center (Futian) (深圳会展中心（福田）) exhibition area served as a static display hub, focusing on presenting the technical achievements of the entire industrial chain of urban environment; Lianhuashan Park (莲花山公园) set up scene integration display activities to build a three-dimensional dynamic test scene of "land, sea, and air," innovatively creating a new platform of "immersive exhibition viewing—in-depth conference participation—on-site experience."
Building an innovative, livable, beautiful, resilient, civilized, and intelligent modern people's city is a systematic project that requires multi-agent co-governance. In the future, Poly Property will explore the path of high-quality urban development with high-level services, help optimize the local urban structure, transform functions, improve quality, promote green transformation, continue cultural heritage, and increase governance efficiency, and constantly move towards the new goal of a modern people's city.
Data source: Poly Developments and Holdings
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 施 芳 王 洲
Introduction
Who would have thought that this girl who loves surfing and telling jokes once had to be hospitalized for depression. "This Spring Festival, my family all went on vacation, and I was alone in the house, feeling very lonely." Remembering the "12356" hotline she saw in the news, Yu Meili (于美丽) tried calling it.
"Hello, this is the '12356' psychological assistance hotline, how can I help you?" More than an hour of conversation was like a ray of light, illuminating her heart. "When I'm in a bad mood, having someone listen to my worries seriously and actively encourage me is especially heartwarming," Yu Meili (于美丽) said gratefully.
The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed, "Pay attention to mental health and mental hygiene." The "15th Five-Year Plan" proposal suggested, "Strengthen mental health and mental hygiene services."
In order to provide the people with more high-quality and convenient mental health services, in December 2024, the *Notice of the National Health Commission on the Application of the "12356" National Unified Psychological Assistance Hotline Telephone Number* was issued, proposing to "strive to put it into operation around the Spring Festival or New Year's Day in 2025, and ensure that the function of dialing the '12356' telephone number to connect to the psychological assistance hotline is realized before 0:00 on May 1, 2025."
On January 1 this year, Beijing (北京) opened the "12356" psychological assistance hotline. As of 18:00 on November 15, it had received more than 38,000 calls. Now, all local psychological assistance hotlines have been connected to the "12356" hotline, and the whole country has achieved connection with one number.
"12356", this string of numbers without "4" is affectionately called the "It's Okay" hotline by the public. How does the "It's Okay" hotline solve "heart problems"? The reporter recently visited Beijing (北京).
One line connects two ends, how does the hotline solve "knots in the heart"?
The sounds of "ding-ling-ling" telephones, the tapping of keyboards, and soft voices rise and fall, interweaving into a unique busy melody in the "12356" hotline reception room of Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院), affiliated with Capital Medical University.
"Beijing (北京) used to have about 20 psychological assistance hotlines. In 2023, the number was unified as '8858', and this year it was adjusted to '12356'. From 'Help me, please' to 'It's Okay', the name is changing, but the concern for public mental health remains unchanged," said Wang Gang (王刚), president of Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院) and director of the Beijing Mental Health Care Institute (北京市精神卫生保健所).
In daily life, people are often ashamed to "talk about their feelings", and even if they are physically and mentally uncomfortable, they endure it alone. "The hotline provides an anonymous channel to confide in psychological distress and seek professional help. The phone is at hand, and compared to offline clinics, the help provided by the hotline is more timely," analyzed Sha Sha (沙莎), director of the Clinical Psychology Center of Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院).
The Beijing (北京) "12356" hotline has a total of 17 professional seats in the city, which are managed by Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院) and 16 district-level specialized medical institutions. The operators are psychiatrists with psychological therapist qualifications or psychology research backgrounds, and they provide services 24 hours a day.
One call, as short as ten minutes or as long as several hours, how does the hotline solve "knots in the heart"?
The operator first conducts a risk assessment to determine whether the caller has suicidal or self-harm tendencies, and then starts work from establishing a trusting relationship, listening, and emotional counseling. "In response to the caller's real-world problems, we will guide him (her) to discover his (her) own strengths, regain confidence, and calm his (her) emotions." Wang Hui (王慧), head of the Community Psychology Department of the Haidian District Psychological Rehabilitation Hospital (海淀区心理康复医院) in Beijing (北京) and an operator, was most impressed by a call from a high school sophomore.
"After connecting, there was no sound on the other end of the phone, only a slight breathing sound, with a bit of a nasal tone, as if she had just cried." Wang Hui (王慧) recalled, "I greeted her softly, without urging her. After half a minute, the girl's hoarse voice finally came: 'I think I'm too bad.'"
Wang Hui (王慧) quickly calmed the girl's emotions with soft words. Gradually, the girl opened up: her grades were originally among the best, but they have been declining all semester, and her parents often nagged her for "not being competitive"... During the conversation, Wang Hui (王慧) learned that the girl was good at painting, and immediately adopted "cognitive behavioral therapy" to help her reconstruct her cognition: "Painting requires talent, but also hard work. How can you say that you are useless?" Wang Hui (王慧) also suggested that the girl try to regulate her emotions by chatting with friends, writing diaries, and other methods. After more than 40 minutes, the girl's voice gradually became energetic.
"Many times, healing comes from a person being truly heard and gently accepted. What we can do first is to be patient listeners," Wang Hui (王慧) said with emotion.
The girl's story is not an isolated case. On the real-time monitoring platform of the Beijing (北京) "12356" psychological assistance hotline, the reporter saw that as of 18:00 on November 15, among the more than 38,000 calls received, female callers accounted for 61.8%, and males accounted for 38.2%; the 30-44 age group accounted for the highest proportion; and personal emotional problems, family relationship problems, and career development problems ranked in the top three.
"After the '12356' was opened, the number of calls increased more than four times compared with the '8858' period." Cui Sipeng (崔思鹏), director of the office of the Beijing Mental Health Center (北京市心理卫生中心) and manager of the psychological assistance hotline of Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院), believes that the increase in data does not mean that social psychological problems are more serious, but rather that everyone is paying more attention to mental health in an environment where material things are relatively abundant.
Since the opening of the Beijing (北京) "12356" hotline, the proportion of calls from other provinces has exceeded half. "The national unified hotline number allows people in areas with relatively weak medical resources to share Beijing's (北京) high-quality resources," said Su Hong (苏虹), a psychotherapist and operator at Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院). Some places are relatively remote, but the hotline brings professional psychological medical services to those places, which is very meaningful.
With the opening of the new hotline, how can services be improved?
"The difference between online and offline is large. Offline psychological counseling can directly perceive the effect of psychological intervention, while online you can't see the other person, you can only judge by the tone..." At Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院), a pre-job training for operators is underway.
"The accessibility of the hotline has been improved, and the quality of service must also be improved." Li Jingyuan (李京渊), deputy director of the Beijing Mental Health Care Institute (北京市精神卫生保健所), introduced that the Beijing Municipal Health Commission (北京市卫生健康委) took the lead in establishing training bases at Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院), Xicheng District Mental Health Care Institute (北京市西城区精神卫生保健所), and Daxing District Xin Kang Hospital (北京市大兴区心康医院), and selected experts with hotline answering experience and relevant theoretical knowledge to conduct teaching. Each operator must receive training and internship.
"Fortunately, I took a basic hotline consulting skills class during training, so I have the confidence and don't panic." In the opinion of Wen Xia (温夏), a psychotherapist and operator at Mentougou District Longquan Hospital (门头沟区龙泉医院) in Beijing (北京), the guidance of the training teacher is very targeted and can help improve the level of answering and the efficiency of answering questions. Although she has been engaged in psychological counseling work offline for more than 15 years, she was still a little apprehensive at first about whether she could be competent as an operator. After being trained and taking up her post, she found that compared with offline, the needs of callers were more urgent, and the questions raised were like a "string of pearls", making people overwhelmed.
Hotline answering process, ethical norms and work rules, identification and handling of common mental and psychological problems... The 15-day training helped the operator team unify service processes, technical standards, etc.
As service capabilities continue to improve, the hotline operation mode is also changing. Now, the hotline has introduced an intelligent management platform, which enables functions such as caller information collection and real-time data statistics.
"For some repeat callers, according to the platform's previous call information, we can accurately understand their emotional dynamics, quickly determine dialogue strategies, and provide more targeted services." Li Yuepeng (李岳朋), deputy director of Longquan Hospital (龙泉医院), introduced that through the intelligent management platform, the city extracts recordings from each seat every quarter, which are reviewed and evaluated by an expert group. If service deficiencies are found, the operator is promptly urged to correct them.
Improving the quality and efficiency of hotline services does not only rely on the "solo fight" of the operator team, but also requires joint collaboration.
Not long ago, Liu Siyuan (刘思源), a psychotherapist and operator at Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院), received a high-risk call. "I'm standing by the river, I don't have the courage to live anymore." The caller, a man, was heavily burdened by debt problems.
During the conversation, Liu Siyuan (刘思源) realized that the man's biggest concern was his child. "Do you remember the first time your child called you Dad? Can you imagine attending your child's coming-of-age ceremony?" While Liu Siyuan (刘思源) softly comforted him, she quickly informed the police of the situation through the hotline management personnel. It was not until she heard the police arrive at the scene and rescue the caller that Liu Siyuan (刘思源) took off her headphones and breathed a sigh of relief. As of now, the hotline seat at Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院) has coordinated with the police to handle similar emergencies nearly 10 times.
"Currently, this kind of linkage is still in a 'case-by-case' state, with the operator providing timely feedback, and then the hotline management personnel contacting 110. I hope that in the future, it can be embedded in a work order to achieve one-click linkage." Cui Sipeng (崔思鹏) believes that the hotline reveals previously imperceptible budding and fatal psychological problems. "It not only leads to the individual's inner world, but also gradually becomes an effective tool to promote efficient social governance."
24-hour watch, how can the mechanism be more perfect?
At 8 a.m., when it was broad daylight, operator Shao Xiao (邵啸) took off his headphones and clicked "offline" on the platform. At this moment, fatigue and hunger struck, and besides eating breakfast, he just wanted to go home and sleep all day.
"The Beijing (北京) '12356' hotline has two seats open at night, both of which are managed by Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院). The night shift is from 6 p.m. the day before to 8 a.m. the next day, and I have to rotate twice a month." Shao Xiao (邵啸) feels quite tired every time he is on the night shift.
Even though he is tired, the warmth he inadvertently receives always reminds him that this persistence is worthwhile.
Just not long ago, one day at 1 a.m., the hotline rang, and on the other end of the phone, the caller sobbed for help. Listening quietly, replying patiently, Shao Xiao (邵啸) recorded the caller's feelings while providing psychological intervention. Slowly, the caller's emotions stabilized.
"I hear you coughing all the time, you should pay attention to rest." At the end of the call, the caller's concern made him gratified. "Although we don't know each other, people's hearts can be connected. We provide them with help, and they are also silently nourishing us."
What supports the operators to keep "running" forward is the sense of professional value brought by the caller's recognition, as well as the mutual support within the team.
"The hotline has opened up 'first line' and 'second line'. The first line is responsible for answering calls, and more senior doctors are on duty on the 'second line', providing 'off-site support' at any time when encountering difficult and complex problems." Cui Sipeng (崔思鹏) said, "I stick to the 'second line'. Although I don't need to be on-site for the night shift, I have to be online at all times, and my mobile phone is turned on 24 hours a day."
In the continuous emotional consumption, how do operators "repair" themselves?
"Emotional management and self-care are compulsory courses for operators. Offline, the team supports each other and shares 'energy'," said Wang Yu (王宇), a doctor and operator at Shunyi District Shunan Hospital (顺义区顺安医院) in Beijing (北京).
Every time Wang Yu (王宇) hangs up the phone, she gives herself a few minutes to "reset her emotions", and sometimes discusses the response ideas in the previous call with her colleagues. "A colleague's sentence 'You did a good job' helps to relieve psychological pressure."
"The caller said that he wanted to give his things to others, which is a dangerous signal..." "My experience is that we must carefully distinguish whether the other party's extreme emotions are impulsive or planned..." Outside the window, the cold wind is biting, and inside the room, seven or eight people are sitting around in a circle, discussing enthusiastically - such group supervision is carried out once a week at Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院).
"Everyone speaks freely. In addition to exchanging skills in answering calls, they also share tips for relieving stress, and encourage and cheer each other on," said Li Xuming (李叙明), a psychotherapist and operator at Beijing Anding Hospital (北京安定医院). Operators can also apply for individual supervision, and psychological experts provide "one-on-one" psychological counseling to relieve bad emotions.
However, as the number of calls continues to rise, problems such as insufficient manpower for operators and low telephone connection rates are becoming increasingly prominent: the number of calls during the night shift accounts for more than 60%; during the peak hours from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m., the average daily number of calls exceeds 110, and the call connection rate is only about 10%.
During the interview, many operators hoped to supplement the answering force by absorbing volunteers and recruiting full-time operators, and at the same time optimize the allocation of the number of seats in different time periods to better meet the call demand during peak periods. "At present, in addition to the more than 300 operators who have passed the training and assessment in Beijing (北京), nearly 100 people are undergoing pre-job training, which will further enrich the operator team. We are also trying to introduce artificial intelligence transcription functions to help fill out work orders and reduce personnel pressure," Li Jingyuan (李京渊) introduced.
What makes the pressure on operators increase sharply is also harassment calls, and these "noises" account for more than 30%. How to solve it?
"On the one hand, we will strengthen publicity to guide the public to make reasonable calls; on the other hand, we will use technical means to restrict the incoming calls of harassing calls and improve the efficiency of answering calls." Li Jingyuan (李京渊) told reporters, but these numbers will not be completely blocked, but only limit the number of incoming calls within a day, or reduce the queuing priority, "because we don't know whether the next call from this number will really be seeking help."
"The hotline has gone from scratch, and the numbers have gone from being scattered across the country to being unified nationwide, which reflects the country's response to the demand for mental health services." Liu Juncai (刘俊彩), director of the Beijing Municipal Health Commission (北京市卫生健康委), believes that this is conducive to strengthening the construction of the social psychological service system and cultivating a social mentality of self-esteem, self-confidence, rationality, peace, and positivity. She said, "We will do this work practically and well."
(At the request of the interviewee, Yu Meili (于美丽) in the article is a pseudonym)
Return to TopBy: 蔺秀云
In modern society, almost everyone lives with stress. Moderate stress can stimulate potential and help people grow, but if it exceeds the psychological threshold, it can lead to physical and mental problems such as anxiety and depression, reducing the happiness of life.
It is necessary to resolve stress and ease the mood through scientific methods, from emotional regulation, cognitive adjustment, and self-improvement.
Emotional regulation is a key step. Deep breathing is one of the simplest and most effective ways. First, inhale slowly, count to 4, hold your breath for 4 seconds, and then exhale slowly. Repeat this several times to help lower your heart rate and ease your emotions. You can also try progressive muscle relaxation, starting with your toes, tightening and relaxing each muscle in turn, to help stretch your tense body. Mindfulness meditation is also a good remedy. Find a quiet place, close your eyes, focus on your breathing, and practice for 10 to 15 minutes each day to significantly reduce anxiety and improve concentration.
Cognitive adjustment is also important. When facing stress, negative thinking often traps people in a difficult situation, while positive cognition can illuminate the way forward. Try recording three things you are grateful for each day to cultivate the ability to discover the beauty in life; set some small goals, and give yourself small rewards after completing them, to regain confidence in the accumulating sense of accomplishment.
Self-improvement can cultivate the confidence to deal with stress calmly. Learn to manage your time and energy, sort out priorities, and avoid unnecessary anxiety and distractions; understand your strengths and limitations, avoid unnecessary comparisons with others, and cherish your own uniqueness; maintain a state of learning and growth, improve professional skills and problem-solving abilities, thereby enhancing self-confidence.
If you still feel significant emotional fluctuations, persistent anxiety and fear, or physical discomfort such as headaches and insomnia after trying these methods, you should seek medical attention in a timely manner. In addition, a significant decline in attention and memory, loss of interest in daily activities, and the emergence of self-harm and suicidal thoughts are all signals that professional help is needed. Seeking help is not weakness, but courage.
Learn to reduce stress scientifically, treat yourself gently, find calmness in busyness, and experience happiness in stress.
(The author is a professor at the Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University (北京师范大学), interviewed and compiled by Shi Fang (施芳), a reporter from this newspaper.)
Return to TopBy: 童 舟
A hotline, open day and night. As of 6:00 PM on November 15th, the Beijing (北京市) "12356" psychological assistance hotline had received a cumulative total of over 38,000 calls.
Why is the hotline so popular?
It lies in its accessibility. The hotline number is unified, simple, and easy to remember, greatly increasing awareness. In addition, free calls lower the threshold for seeking help, promoting universal and equal access to mental health services.
It lies in its confidentiality. When facing mental illness, some people are ashamed to talk about their "inner thoughts," while others believe it "isn't a disease" and that "thinking positively is enough." The anonymous hotline provides a safe space for those who need to confide, allowing callers to open up and receive timely psychological intervention.
It lies in its professionalism. Hotline operators all have professional backgrounds in mental health, enabling them to accurately identify problems and provide scientific assistance. The hotline integrates resources from various parties, making the service process more standardized and the response more efficient, helping to cultivate a social mentality of self-esteem, self-confidence, rationality, peace, and positivity.
The opening of the "12356" psychological assistance hotline marks an important step in the construction of a social psychological service system. Around World Mental Health Day on October 10th this year, the National Health Commission (国家卫生健康委) has determined the national publicity theme to be "Everyone Enjoys Mental Health Services," further increasing the whole society's attention to mental health and mental hygiene work through various forms of publicity activities, promoting correct and rational understanding of common psychological problems and mental illnesses, and reducing social discrimination and preventing "stigmatization."
To make the "12356" psychological assistance hotline warmer, it is still necessary to improve mechanisms and refine services.
Thoughtful psychological assistance cannot be separated from a stable and professional talent pool. Increasing talent cultivation, optimizing seat allocation, and introducing volunteer forces to form a "full-time + part-time" working mechanism will ensure that the hotline can "handle" and "handle steadily" at critical moments.
Improving public awareness will help the hotline play a better role. Through continuous publicity, more people can understand the hotline's positioning and value, learn to actively seek help when needed, and at the same time reduce irrelevant consultations, so that limited resources can truly serve those in need.
Improving the coordination mechanism is an important part of the hotline's efficient operation. The causes of psychological problems are complex, and a single phone call is difficult to completely resolve. For high-risk calls, a systematic support system should be built to make assistance faster and more accurate. In the face of ordinary psychological distress, after the hotline provides emotional counseling, professional institutions are still needed to provide follow-up assistance in order to resolve the problems from the root.
Mental health is related to everyone's life and also affects social harmony and stability. We must care for mental health as we care for physical health, so that everyone can enjoy mental health services and protect the clear sky of the inner world.
Return to TopLayout Design: Shen Yiling (沈亦伶)
Return to TopBy: 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
Contents
Preface
I. Complex and Grave International Security and Arms Control Situation
II. China’s Policy Stance on Arms Control in the New Era
III. Constructively Participating in the International Arms Control Process
(I) Nuclear Arms Control
(II) Missiles and Anti-Missiles
(III) Biological Security
(IV) Chemical Weapons
(V) Conventional Weapons
IV. Leading International Security Governance in Emerging Fields
(I) Outer Space Security
(II) Cybersecurity
(III) Military Application of Artificial Intelligence
V. Strengthening International Cooperation on Non-Proliferation and Peaceful Use of Science and Technology
(I) China’s Non-Proliferation Policy and Practice
(II) Promoting the Construction of a Just, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory International Non-Proliferation Order
(III) Firmly Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights to Peaceful Use of Science and Technology
Concluding Remarks
Appendix 1: Arms Control, Disarmament, and Non-Proliferation Related Treaties to Which China is a Party
Appendix 2: Relevant Laws and Regulations on Export Control for Non-Proliferation in China
Preface
Peace and development are eternal themes of human society. Peace needs to be strived for and maintained.
Arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation embody humanity’s beautiful aspiration to turn swords into ploughshares and weapons into farm implements. They carry the important mission of reducing the risk of war, eliminating security deficits, and promoting world peace. They concern global strategic security and the common well-being of mankind, and are increasingly becoming a common expectation of the international community.
The Chinese nation has always advocated "harmony as the most valuable" and "harmonious coexistence of all nations" (以和为贵 (yǐ hé wéi guì - "harmony is precious," valuing peace and harmony) and 协和万邦 (xié hé wàn bāng - "harmonious coexistence of all nations," all nations living together in peace)), adhering to the path of justice, and opposing bullying the weak and resorting to military force. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国), it has always adhered to the path of peaceful development, firmly pursued a defensive national defense policy, and resolutely opposed any form of hegemonism, aggression, expansion, and arms race. After the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国) restored its legitimate seat in the United Nations (联合国), it actively participated in the multilateral arms control process and made unremitting efforts to maintain international peace and security.
Entering the new era, under the guidance of Xi Jinping (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China (中国) is firmly promoting the construction of Chinese-style modernization, actively responding to the common calls of the international community, practicing the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, and promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. China (中国) constructively participates in the international arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation process, actively contributes Chinese initiatives and Chinese solutions, and is committed to improving the international security environment, enhancing international security cooperation, solving international security dilemmas, and improving global security governance. China (中国) has always been a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, and a maintainer of international order.
The year 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, as well as the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations (联合国). Peace is still fragile, war has not been eliminated, local conflicts and turmoil occur frequently, and the international arms race continues to escalate. Mankind is once again faced with the choice of peace or war, dialogue or confrontation, win-win or zero-sum, and is once again standing at a crossroads in history, urgently needing to revitalize the multilateral arms control process and build a foundation for peaceful development.
In order to comprehensively explain the policies and practices of China (中国) on arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation in the new era, introduce the international security governance propositions in emerging fields such as outer space, cyberspace, and artificial intelligence, demonstrate China’s (中国) firm determination to safeguard world peace and security, and call on all countries in the world to work together to promote the international arms control process, the Chinese government (中国政府) hereby issues this white paper.
I. Complex and Grave International Security and Arms Control Situation
In today’s world, the international strategic landscape is accelerating its adjustment, the international balance of power is developing in a more balanced direction, multilateralism is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and positive factors for maintaining world peace and security are on the rise. At the same time, the global security situation is complex and grave. Hegemonism, power politics, and unilateralism seriously impact the post-war international order, geopolitical games are intensifying, local conflicts and turmoil occur frequently, and the arms race is heating up. The comprehensive complexity of international arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation is becoming more prominent, and opportunities and challenges coexist.
Great power competition impacts regional peace and security. Individual countries seek absolute strategic advantages, continuously expand their military preparations, provoke camp confrontation, intensify the international and regional arms race, lead to multiple outbreaks of regional conflicts, and global military spending repeatedly reaches new highs. Especially in the Asia-Pacific region, strengthening military alliances, promoting "extended deterrence," and forward-deploying land-based intermediate-range missiles create tension and confrontation, seriously damaging the security interests of countries in the region.
Global strategic stability faces serious threats. Individual countries continue to adjust their nuclear policies, stubbornly maintain large nuclear arsenals, enhance nuclear deterrence and actual combat capabilities, and increase the risk of global nuclear conflict. Missile defense technology continues to improve, and the military application of emerging fields such as outer space, cyberspace, and artificial intelligence is rapidly developing, which is changing the traditional strategic offensive and defensive pattern and bringing new shocks to global strategic stability.
The international arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation system is being eroded. Individual countries withdraw from treaties and break agreements, damaging the international arms control system. The international non-proliferation mechanism is deeply harmed by pragmatism and double standards. A few countries build "small yards and high walls" and engage in "decoupling and breaking chains," restricting the peaceful use of science and technology by developing countries in the name of non-proliferation.
Security risks and challenges in emerging fields are becoming increasingly prominent. With the rapid development and application of emerging technologies, risks such as technology out of control, data theft, technology crime, and ethical violations are rising, and the problems of missing international rules and lagging governance systems are becoming prominent. The militarization process in emerging fields is accelerating, impacting traditional rules of engagement and war ethics, and bringing new global security challenges.
The call for peaceful and just arms control is rising. The autonomy of Global South countries in international security and development affairs is rising, promoting the construction of a fair, just, and reasonable international arms control system, and the forces maintaining world peace and stability are constantly growing. China (中国) firmly safeguards the international arms control system with the United Nations (联合国) as the core, actively promotes the improvement of global security governance, and is an important force in promoting the international arms control process.
II. China’s Policy Stance on Arms Control in the New Era
China’s (中国) arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation policy in the new era is based on the cultural tradition of valuing harmony, the socialist nature of the country, and the strategic choice of peaceful development. China (中国) is committed to promoting global governance in the field of arms control and supports the establishment of a world of lasting peace and universal security.
Promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Mankind is a community with a shared future and an inseparable security community. Maintaining world peace and security and promoting global strategic balance and stability are important missions of arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation, and are the inherent meaning of building a community with a shared future for mankind. China’s (中国) arms control in the new era always adheres to the common values of all mankind, actively responds to the legitimate and reasonable security concerns of all countries, and is committed to promoting the construction of a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice, and win-win cooperation, and jointly building a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, inclusiveness, and cleanliness and beauty.
Actively practicing the Global Security Initiative. The Global Security Initiative aims to eliminate the root causes of international conflicts and improve global security governance, contributing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to solving the security challenges facing human society today. China’s (中国) arms control in the new era always adheres to the spirit of unity and win-win thinking, actively practices a common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security concept, and takes whether it is conducive to promoting global strategic stability and creating a fair, just, and shared security pattern as the focus of its policies, comprehensively considering the role of arms control in promoting strategic balance and stability, focusing on exerting the functions of maintaining security and limiting war, and constructively promoting the international arms control process.
Firmly pursuing a defensive national defense policy. A defensive national defense policy is the basic guideline for China’s (中国) national defense and military construction, which determines the basic position of China’s (中国) arms control policy in the new era. China (中国) adheres to the path of peaceful development, never seeks hegemony, never expands, and never seeks spheres of influence. It adheres to the principles of defense, self-defense, and acting in response to others, and firmly safeguards national sovereignty, security, and development interests. China (中国) adheres to the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics, never participates in any form of arms race, and the development and growth of the Chinese army is always the development and growth of the world’s peaceful forces.
Maintaining open, transparent, reasonable, and moderate national defense expenditures. China (中国) adheres to the policy of coordinated development of national defense construction and economic construction, and reasonably determines the scale of national defense expenditures. Compared with military powers such as the United States (美国), China’s (中国) national defense expenditures are relatively low, whether in terms of the proportion of gross domestic product, the proportion of national fiscal expenditures, or per capita national defense expenditures and per capita military national defense expenditures. China (中国) actively participates in the United Nations (联合国) military expenditure transparency system, and the budget scale, structure, and basic uses are open and transparent. Since 2007, it has submitted a report on military expenditures for the previous fiscal year to the "United Nations Standardized Instrument for Reporting Military Expenditures" every year.
Adhering to the arms control concept of fairness, cooperation, balance, and effectiveness. China (中国) adheres to fairness and justice, always determines its positions and policies based on the merits of the matter itself, firmly safeguards the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations (联合国宪章), and handles international arms control and non-proliferation issues fairly, reasonably, and non-discriminatorily, opposing political coercion, exceptionalism, and double standards. It adheres to cooperation and win-win results, advocates true multilateralism, promotes equal and mutually beneficial international cooperation, and achieves arms control and non-proliferation goals through political and diplomatic means. It adheres to comprehensive balance, takes into account traditional and emerging fields, addresses global security challenges in a holistic and comprehensive manner, and coordinates the handling of complex arms control affairs; respects the basic rights and development needs of all countries, balances non-proliferation and peaceful use, and opposes generalizing the concept of national security, abusing export control measures, and restricting the peaceful use and legitimate development rights of developing countries. It adheres to pragmatism and effectiveness, firmly safeguards the authority, universality, and effectiveness of the international arms control and non-proliferation system, and promotes the international arms control and non-proliferation process rationally, pragmatically, and step by step in a manner acceptable to all parties, opposing "starting anew" by abandoning the United Nations (联合国) platform.
Deeply participating in global governance in the field of arms control. China’s (中国) arms control in the new era adheres to the global governance concept of consultation, joint construction, and sharing, advocates strengthening unity and cooperation, opposes unilateralism, firmly safeguards the status and authority of the United Nations (联合国), effectively exerts the irreplaceable important role of the United Nations (联合国) in global governance, and advocates building a more inclusive governance framework, more effective multilateral mechanisms, and more active international cooperation. China (中国) has ratified or signed more than 20 multilateral arms control treaties and earnestly fulfills its treaty obligations. It comprehensively and deeply participates in the meetings and activities of arms control mechanisms such as the First Committee of the United Nations General Assembly (联大一委), the United Nations Disarmament Commission (裁审会), and the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva (日内瓦裁军谈判会议), supports the early convening of the Fourth Special Session of the General Assembly Devoted to Disarmament, and contributes to maintaining and strengthening the multilateral mechanism with the United Nations (联合国) as the core. China (中国) actively carries out international cooperation in the fields of arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation, strengthens bilateral and multilateral communication and exchanges, and has established arms control and non-proliferation consultation mechanisms with more than 20 countries and international organizations to enhance understanding and mutual trust.
III. Constructively Participating in the International Arms Control Process
As a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (联合国安理会), China (中国) actively maintains the authority and effectiveness of the international arms control mechanism, constructively participates in the multilateral arms control process in the nuclear, biological, chemical, and other fields, earnestly fulfills international arms control treaties, and makes due contributions to the international arms control cause.
(I) Nuclear Arms Control
Nuclear weapons are the "Sword of Damocles" hanging over mankind, and nuclear arms control is an important guarantee for maintaining global strategic stability, which concerns the security and development interests of mankind. At present, the global nuclear game situation is severe and complex, the risk of a nuclear arms race is rising, and nuclear arms control faces challenges. China (中国) has repeatedly reiterated that nuclear weapons cannot be used and a nuclear war cannot be fought. From the first day it possessed nuclear weapons, China (中国) has advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons, promised not to be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances, and unconditionally promised not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states and nuclear-weapon-free zones. China (中国) firmly safeguards the international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation system, faithfully fulfills its obligations under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and strives to promote the balanced advancement of the treaty’s three major goals: nuclear disarmament, prevention of nuclear weapons proliferation, and promotion of the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
1. Nuclear Policy
Firmly adhering to the policy of no first use of nuclear weapons and adhering to a self-defensive nuclear strategy. China’s (中国) development of nuclear weapons was a strategic choice made under special historical circumstances to cope with nuclear threats and nuclear blackmail, break nuclear monopoly, and prevent nuclear war. It was not to threaten other countries, but for defense and self-defense. China (中国) has never used nuclear weapons to threaten any country, has never deployed nuclear weapons on foreign territory, and does not provide nuclear umbrellas for other countries. Whether it was during the Cold War, when it faced nuclear threats and nuclear blackmail several times, or today, when it faces a complex international security situation and severe strategic security threats, China (中国) has always adhered to the policy of no first use of nuclear weapons and still firmly pursues a self-defensive nuclear strategy. Promoting the modernization of nuclear forces aims to ensure national strategic security and maintain global strategic stability. This policy position is the most stable, continuous, and predictable among all nuclear-weapon states and is a major contribution of China (中国) to the international nuclear arms control cause.
Always maintaining nuclear forces at the minimum level required for national security. China (中国) has always adopted an extremely restrained attitude in terms of the scale and development of nuclear weapons, never comparing inputs, quantities, or scales with other countries, and will not engage in a nuclear arms race with any country in the future. China (中国) has the fewest nuclear tests among nuclear-weapon states and has closed nuclear weapon research and production facilities in Chongqing (重庆), Qinghai (青海), and other places, demonstrating China’s (中国) attitude and actions of not pursuing a nuclear arms race. China (中国) builds a nuclear force system in accordance with the principle of being lean and effective, improves strategic early warning, command and control, missile penetration, rapid response, and survivability capabilities, and ensures the safety, reliability, and effectiveness of nuclear weapons to deter other countries from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against China (中国).
Attaching great importance to the safety of nuclear weapons management, the safety of use, and effective control. China (中国) adopts strict regulations and reliable technical means to implement full-process safety management of nuclear weapon storage, transportation, training, and other links, which can effectively prevent the unauthorized launch and accidental launch of nuclear missiles and ensure that nuclear forces remain in a state of absolute safety and absolute reliability. The command of China’s (中国) nuclear forces is highly centralized, and the command process is lean and efficient, always ensuring that the troops execute the orders of the Central Military Commission (中央军委) with extreme strictness and absolute accuracy.
Taking nuclear transparency, confidence-building, and risk reduction measures. China (中国) advocates that nuclear transparency should help enhance strategic mutual trust, fully consider the security environment and security interests of all countries, and implement it voluntarily according to national conditions. In the current international security situation, the transparency of intentions and policies is the most realistic. China (中国) firmly adheres to the path of peaceful development, pursues a self-defensive nuclear strategy, and will not be the first to use nuclear weapons, which is the most realistic transparency measure. Since 1995, China (中国) has successively released 2 arms control white papers and 10 national defense white papers, and submitted 6 national implementation reports on the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, clearly explaining China’s (中国) nuclear policy, nuclear strategy, nuclear force development, and other situations. China (中国) has taken a series of actions in terms of confidence-building measures, voluntarily notifying relevant countries in a timely manner about the launch of ballistic missiles and other situations, and signed the "Agreement on Mutual Notification of Launches of Ballistic Missiles and Space Launch Vehicles" with Russia (俄罗斯). In September 2024, China (中国) launched an intercontinental ballistic missile into the Pacific Ocean and proactively notified relevant countries in advance.
There are huge differences in the nuclear forces, nuclear policies, and security environments of nuclear-weapon states, and there are no universally applicable risk reduction measures. China (中国) advocates putting crisis prevention first and opposes the hypocritical practice of inciting confrontation and creating crises while advocating reducing nuclear risks. Nuclear-weapon states should abandon nuclear deterrence policies centered on the first use of nuclear weapons, reduce the role of nuclear weapons in national and collective security policies, and effectively reduce nuclear risks.
Promote the role of the P5 mechanism. The P5 mechanism is an important platform for nuclear-weapon states to maintain the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (《不扩散核武器条约》) system and an important mechanism for strengthening strategic communication and enhancing strategic mutual trust. In January 2019, China held the P5 Beijing Conference (五核国北京会议), restarting the stalled P5 cooperation process. In January 2022, China promoted the issuance of the Joint Statement on Preventing Nuclear War and Avoiding Arms Races by the leaders of the five nuclear-weapon states, reaffirming the concept that "a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought." China took the lead in cooperating to compile two versions of the "P5 Nuclear Terminology," promoting consensus-building, enhancing mutual trust, eliminating misunderstandings, and preventing misjudgments among the five countries, providing useful references for the international community. From August 2024 to August 2025, China will once again serve as the coordinator of the P5 mechanism, promoting the five countries to strengthen nuclear policy communication and strategic mutual trust.
2. Nuclear Disarmament
Adhere to a fair and reasonable, rational and pragmatic nuclear disarmament concept. China advocates that all nuclear-weapon states should publicly commit not to seek to possess nuclear weapons forever and conclude legal instruments on the comprehensive prohibition and complete destruction of nuclear weapons. Nuclear disarmament should adhere to the principles of "maintaining global strategic stability" and "not impairing the security of any country," and take fair and reasonable, gradual reduction, and downward balancing steps to advance step by step. Countries with the largest nuclear arsenals should continue to fulfill their special and primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament, and further substantially and substantially reduce their nuclear arsenals in a verifiable, irreversible, and legally binding manner, creating conditions for the ultimate realization of comprehensive and complete nuclear disarmament. When conditions are ripe, all nuclear-weapon states should join the multilateral nuclear disarmament negotiation process.
Firmly support the purpose and objectives of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (《全面禁止核试验条约》). Since the first batch of signatures to the treaty in September 1996, China has always adhered to its commitment to "suspend nuclear testing," supported the early entry into force of the treaty, and actively promoted domestic preparations for implementation. Since December 2016, five radionuclide and seismic stations in Lanzhou (兰州), Guangzhou (广州), and Beijing (北京) have passed verification and acceptance. In August 2025, the Kunming (昆明) infrasound station passed verification and acceptance. China has held seminars on "National Data Centers" and participated in on-site inspections and other related activities to support the construction of the treaty verification mechanism and maintain good cooperation with the Preparatory Commission for the Treaty Organization.
Continue to participate in discussions on the "Treaty Banning the Production of Fissile Material for Nuclear Weapons." The Conference on Disarmament in Geneva is the only appropriate venue for negotiating a "Treaty Banning the Production of Fissile Material for Nuclear Weapons" ("FMCT"). China supports the negotiation and conclusion of a non-discriminatory, multilateral, and internationally effectively verifiable "FMCT" on the basis of reaching a comprehensive and balanced work program and the universal participation of all key parties, in accordance with the mandate contained in the "Shannon Report." Constructively participate in the UN High-Level Expert Preparatory Group on the "FMCT" and relevant discussions at the Conference on Disarmament.
Call for and promote mutual non-first use of nuclear weapons. Adopting a policy of no-first use of nuclear weapons is a practical action to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in national security policies and promote nuclear disarmament. Consensus among the five nuclear-weapon states of China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States on the mutual non-first use of nuclear weapons will help reduce strategic risks, avoid a nuclear arms race, and promote global strategic balance and stability. In January 1994, China submitted a draft "Treaty on Mutual Non-First Use of Nuclear Weapons" to the other four nuclear-weapon states. In the same year, China and Russia announced that they would not be the first to use nuclear weapons and would not target each other with strategic nuclear weapons. In June 1998, China and the United States announced that they would not target each other with nuclear weapons. In May 2000, China promoted the issuance of a joint statement by the five nuclear-weapon states, announcing that their nuclear weapons were not targeted at any country. In July 2024, China submitted a working paper to the Second Preparatory Committee of the Eleventh Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, once again calling on nuclear-weapon states to conclude a "Treaty on Mutual Non-First Use of Nuclear Weapons" or reach a political declaration on this matter.
Actively respond to the reasonable demands of non-nuclear-weapon states for security assurances. China advocates that all nuclear-weapon states should commit unconditionally not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states and nuclear-weapon-free zones. In April 1995, China issued a statement reaffirming its unconditional provision of negative security assurances to all non-nuclear-weapon states and promising to provide positive security assurances to these countries. In May 2000, China and other nuclear-weapon states issued a joint statement reaffirming the security assurance commitments made in UN Security Council Resolution 984. In July 2024, China submitted a working paper to the Second Preparatory Committee of the Eleventh Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, advocating for the early negotiation and conclusion of an international legal instrument providing unconditional negative security assurances to non-nuclear-weapon states.
3. Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Promote the political and diplomatic resolution of nuclear non-proliferation issues. China advocates that all countries should abandon the Cold War mentality, fully respect each other's legitimate security concerns, peacefully resolve nuclear weapons proliferation concerns through political and diplomatic means, and eliminate the root causes of nuclear weapons proliferation. China has always believed that dialogue and consultation are the right way to resolve the Iranian nuclear issue and has constructively participated in relevant negotiations, promoting the conclusion of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on the Iranian nuclear issue in July 2015. China will continue to adhere to an objective and fair position, actively promote peace and promote talks, promote the political and diplomatic resolution process of the Iranian nuclear issue, and oppose the use of force and illegal sanctions. China maintains a fair position and correct direction on the Korean Peninsula issue, and has always been committed to the peace, stability, and prosperity of the Korean Peninsula, and has always been committed to the political resolution process of the Korean Peninsula issue. China calls on relevant parties to stop deterrence and pressure, restart dialogue and negotiations, and play a constructive role in promoting political resolution and achieving long-term peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula.
Resolutely oppose the practice of double standards in the field of nuclear non-proliferation, placing geopolitical self-interest above the international nuclear non-proliferation system. The nuclear submarine cooperation between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia involves the first transfer of nuclear submarine power reactors and a large amount of weapons-grade highly enriched uranium from nuclear-weapon states to non-nuclear-weapon states, which clearly violates the goals and purposes of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (《不扩散核武器条约》) and seriously undermines the international nuclear non-proliferation system. China advocates that relevant safeguards supervision arrangements should be discussed in depth by member states of the International Atomic Energy Agency through intergovernmental processes and decisions should be made through consensus. China resolutely opposes behaviors such as "nuclear sharing" and "extended deterrence" that weaken the international nuclear non-proliferation system, and urges relevant countries to abandon the deployment of nuclear weapons outside their borders.
Respect and support efforts to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones. China respects and supports the efforts of relevant countries and regions to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones or zones free of weapons of mass destruction on the basis of self-consultation and voluntary agreements. Nuclear-weapon states should respect the status of nuclear-weapon-free zones and assume corresponding obligations. China has signed and ratified the Second Additional Protocol to the Treaty of Tlatelolco (《拉丁美洲和加勒比禁止核武器条约》), the Second and Third Protocols to the Treaty of Rarotonga (《南太平洋无核区条约》), the First and Second Protocols to the Treaty of Pelindaba (《非洲无核武器区条约》), and the Protocol to the Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia (《中亚无核武器区条约》). Firmly support the efforts of ASEAN countries to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone and is willing to take the lead in signing the Protocol to the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (《东南亚无核武器区条约》). Respect and welcome Mongolia's nuclear-weapon-free status. Support efforts to establish a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, and constructively participated in five meetings on the establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction as an observer from 2019 to 2024.
4. Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
Actively carry out international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. China has always believed that efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons should not undermine the legitimate rights of all countries, especially developing countries, to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. China opposes the politicization of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and interfering with and restricting normal international cooperation. China actively expands the breadth and depth of bilateral and multilateral cooperation in the nuclear field, promotes the universal sharing of nuclear energy achievements, shares technology and experience with other countries, contributes resources and platforms, supports the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in developing countries, helps achieve the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and promotes the peaceful uses of nuclear energy to benefit all mankind. Signed intergovernmental cooperation agreements on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy with more than 30 countries and regions, dispatched more than 4,000 experts to serve in countries of the Global South, and received more than 6,000 visits, advanced studies, and training in China.
Adhere to a rational, coordinated, and parallel nuclear security concept and promote the establishment of a fair, cooperative, and win-win international nuclear security system. China adheres to a combination of legal norms, administrative supervision, industry self-discipline, technical guarantees, talent support, cultural leadership, and social participation to build a strict nuclear security responsibility system, ensure nuclear and radiation safety, and maintain a good nuclear safety record for a long time. Abide by international laws such as the Convention on Nuclear Safety (《核安全公约》), the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (《核材料实物保护公约》) and its amendments, and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》), earnestly fulfill international nuclear security obligations, support the International Atomic Energy Agency in playing a positive role, help developing countries improve their nuclear security and nuclear security capabilities, promote international cooperation in combating nuclear terrorism, effectively prevent non-state entities from acquiring sensitive nuclear materials, and oppose attacks on peaceful nuclear facilities such as nuclear power plants in any way. Nuclear terrorism is the common enemy of all mankind, and the impact of nuclear security incidents transcends national borders. All countries must participate in nuclear security affairs and strive to build a nuclear security community with a shared future in the spirit of openness and inclusiveness.
(II) Missiles and Missile Defense
Missile and missile defense issues are related to global strategic balance and stability. After the end of the Cold War, individual countries withdrew from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (《反导条约》) and the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (《中导条约》)①, developed global strategic missile defense capabilities, deliberately blurred the boundaries between missile defense and strategic offense, provoked great power confrontation, seriously undermined strategic mutual trust, increased strategic risks, and endangered global and regional security and stability. China has always handled missile and missile defense-related issues prudently from the perspective of maintaining global strategic stability and enhancing strategic mutual trust among countries.
Resolutely oppose missile defense and missile deployments that undermine the legitimate security interests of other countries. Individual countries seek absolute security, promote the "Iron Dome" global missile defense system without restriction, seek to deploy weapons in outer space, seriously threaten outer space security; promote the forward deployment of intermediate-range missile systems in the Asia-Pacific and Europe, and spread related weapons systems and technologies relying on military alliance systems, seriously undermining global strategic balance and stability. China resolutely opposes this and urges individual countries to stop developing and deploying global missile defense systems and stop the forward deployment of offensive weapons such as missiles. China will resolutely counter any actions that threaten and undermine China's core interests.
Moderately develop missile technology for self-defense needs. China has a vast territory and faces a complex and volatile security environment. Maintaining security, defending sovereignty, and deterring war require the construction of corresponding modern military equipment and forces. China's development of missile technology and missile defense capabilities is entirely for self-defense purposes and is not targeted at any country or region.
(III) Biosafety
Biosafety has no borders and is related to the life and health of all mankind and the common interests of the world. At present, traditional biosafety and new biosafety risks are superimposed, the risks of misuse and abuse of new biotechnology are increasing, and the international biosafety situation is more complex. China earnestly fulfills relevant international treaties, deeply participates in global biosafety governance, resolutely opposes biological weapons and their means of delivery and technology proliferation, resolutely combats bioterrorism, and actively promotes the peaceful uses of biotechnology.
Proactively implement compliance and non-proliferation responsibilities in the biological field. China has incorporated biosafety into its national security strategy, formulated and implemented the Biosecurity Law of the People's Republic of China (《中华人民共和国生物安全法》), and continuously promoted the modernization of the governance system and governance capabilities, and promoted the construction of biosafety mechanisms and capabilities. China has always fully and strictly fulfilled its international obligations, including the Biological Weapons Convention (《禁止生物武器公约》)②, continuously strengthened the construction of compliance mechanisms, and established a national compliance mechanism composed of institutions such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Health Commission, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, designating the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as the national compliance liaison point. China resolutely opposes the proliferation of biological weapons and their means of delivery and technologies, and continuously strengthens export controls on dual-use biological items.
Actively lead global biosafety governance. China firmly supports the purpose and objectives of the Biological Weapons Convention (《禁止生物武器公约》), supports the comprehensive strengthening of the convention mechanism, advocates the negotiation and conclusion of a legally binding protocol containing an effective verification mechanism, enhances the authority, effectiveness, and universality of the convention, and promotes the convention to play an important role in eliminating biological weapons threats, preventing the proliferation of biological weapons, and promoting the peaceful uses of biotechnology. Starting from addressing global biosafety challenges, China supports the establishment of a global biological arms control and biosafety agency and strengthens coordination and cooperation among relevant international organizations. Deeply participate in relevant activities of the "United Nations Secretary-General's Investigation Mechanism for Alleged Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons," nominate experts and laboratories to the mechanism, and lead the development of laboratory proficiency testing activities many times. Strengthen dialogue and cooperation with organizations and mechanisms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the BRICS cooperation mechanism, ASEAN, and China-Central Asian countries to broadly build consensus on maintaining global biosafety.
Actively provide international public goods for biosafety. In July 2021, Chinese scientists, together with international counterparts, promoted the conclusion of the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for Scientists (《科学家生物安全行为准则天津指南》), which was endorsed by the International Academy Organizations and played a guiding role in implementing responsible biological research and preventing the misuse and abuse of biotechnology. Actively help developing countries strengthen the construction of public health systems and the capacity of professional and technical personnel, and carry out bilateral and multilateral practical cooperation in areas such as infectious disease prevention and control, health emergency response, inspection and quarantine, medical technology, biosafety laboratory management, and animal health and quarantine in the Asia-Pacific, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean regions. Continuing the good tradition of "South-South cooperation," it has held international training courses and seminars on biosafety laboratory management and technology, infectious disease and animal epidemic prevention and control many times, helping developing countries reserve biosafety talents. Comprehensively promote international cooperation in combating infectious disease epidemics and animal epidemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, actively provide vaccines and anti-epidemic materials, share prevention and control and treatment plans, share information on infectious diseases and animal epidemics such as the whole genome sequence of the COVID-19 virus, and contribute Chinese strength to global epidemic prevention and control.
(IV) Chemical Weapons
The Chemical Weapons Convention (《禁止化学武器公约》)③ has played an important role in maintaining international and regional peace and security and promoting the peaceful uses of chemical technology. At present, historical legacy problems such as abandoned chemical weapons and aging chemical weapons still exist, hot issues of chemical weapons are difficult to resolve, the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and the safety of dual-use chemicals are becoming increasingly prominent, and the peaceful uses of chemical technology have not been fully guaranteed. China has always maintained the authority and effectiveness of the Chemical Weapons Convention (《禁止化学武器公约》), strictly fulfilled its international obligations, deeply participated in the work of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, worked together to build a "world without chemical weapons," and promoted the full use of chemical achievements to benefit mankind.
Fulfill the responsibilities and obligations of the Chemical Weapons Convention (《禁止化学武器公约》). China is an original state party to the convention, actively improves national compliance legislation, establishes an inter-ministerial joint conference system for compliance work, and forms a compliance system covering the whole country and effectively managed. China submits various declarations on time and is the country with the largest number of declared industrial facilities and the most industrial inspections accepted among the state parties. As of the end of 2024, China has received a total of 701 on-site inspections by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, of which civilian industrial facilities have accepted 508 on-site inspections, making it the first state party to accept more than 500 civilian industrial inspections. In April 2023, China submitted the Position Paper of the People's Republic of China on Industrial Verification Issues to the Fifth Review Conference of the Convention, promoting the establishment of a more scientific, reasonable, and efficient global compliance governance system.
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Fulfilling the responsibilities and obligations of the "Chemical Weapons Convention." China is an original signatory to the convention, actively improving national implementation legislation, establishing an inter-ministerial joint conference system for implementation work, and forming a nationwide and effectively managed implementation system. China submits various declarations on time and is the country with the most declared industrial facilities and the most industrial inspections accepted among the contracting states. As of the end of 2024, China had received a total of 701 on-site inspections by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, including 508 on-site inspections of civilian industrial facilities, making it the first contracting state to accept more than 500 civilian industrial inspections. In April 2023, China submitted the "Position Paper of the People's Republic of China on Industrial Verification Issues" to the Fifth Review Conference of the Convention, promoting the establishment of a more scientific, reasonable, and efficient global compliance governance system.
Adhering to the "Chemical Weapons Convention" as the criterion for resolving chemical weapons hotspot issues. China firmly opposes the use of chemical weapons by any country, any organization, or any individual under any circumstances, and supports comprehensive, objective, and fair investigations into incidents involving the possible use of chemical weapons in accordance with the provisions of the convention, to arrive at conclusions that can withstand the test of history and facts. It opposes using chemical weapons hotspot issues for political manipulation and opposes abandoning the investigation mechanisms stipulated in the convention to start anew.
Promoting international cooperation in the peaceful use of chemical science and technology. In recent years, China and the Non-Aligned Movement have promoted the adoption of several decisions by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to promote international cooperation in peaceful uses. In May 2023, China and 14 other contracting states jointly submitted a working paper to the Fifth Review Conference of the Convention entitled "Promoting International Cooperation on Peaceful Uses within the Framework of the Chemical Weapons Convention," elaborating on strengthening the peaceful use of chemical science and technology and removing excessive restrictions on the peaceful use of chemical materials, technologies, and equipment by developing countries. It has repeatedly held meetings of national implementation agencies for Asian countries, regional implementation seminars, inspector training, international workshops on artificial intelligence enabling chemical safety and security, and advanced international training courses on integrated chemical management in China with the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to assist contracting states in enhancing their implementation capabilities.
Urging Japan to destroy the abandoned chemical weapons left by Japan in China cleanly and thoroughly as soon as possible. During World War II, the invading Japanese army blatantly violated international law and used a large number of chemical weapons in China. There are 1,791 recorded instances with specific times, locations, and casualties, causing more than 200,000 casualties among Chinese military personnel and civilians. After Japan's defeat, in order to cover up its crimes, it abandoned a large number of chemical weapons in China. Since the end of World War II, abandoned chemical weapons left by Japan have caused more than 2,000 poisoning casualties, posing a serious threat to the lives and property of the Chinese people and the safety of the ecological environment.
The "Chemical Weapons Convention" clearly states that the state that abandoned chemical weapons should provide all necessary financial, technical, expert, facility, and other resources for the destruction of abandoned chemical weapons. After the convention came into effect, the Chinese and Japanese governments signed memorandums twice in 1999 and 2012 on the destruction of abandoned chemical weapons left by Japan, promoting the destruction process. Due to insufficient attention and investment by the Japanese side, the destruction plan has been overdue four times. The Japanese side has not provided comprehensive, detailed, and accurate information on the clues of abandoned chemical weapons left by Japan, the excavation and recovery progress in some areas is slow, there are still bottlenecks in technologies such as water and underground exploration, and the problem of contaminated water and soil treatment remains unresolved.
Eliminating the harm of abandoned chemical weapons left by Japan is not only an historical, political, and legal responsibility that the Japanese side cannot shirk, but also an international obligation stipulated by the "Chemical Weapons Convention." China urges the Japanese side to earnestly assume its responsibilities, fully, completely, and accurately implement the destruction plan, increase investment in all aspects, fully accelerate the processing of abandoned chemical weapons left by Japan, fully collect and provide relevant information on abandoned chemical weapons left by Japan to the Chinese side in a timely manner, actively cooperate with the Chinese side in doing a good job in clue investigation and confirmation, and earnestly assume responsibility for the treatment of contaminated water and soil. The international community should continue to pay attention to and support the destruction of abandoned chemical weapons left by Japan, and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons should effectively strengthen political review and supervision and verification, eliminate the remaining poison of abandoned chemical weapons left by Japan as soon as possible, and ultimately realize the vision of a "world without chemical weapons."
(V) Conventional Weapons
At present, regional armed conflicts and unrest occur frequently, terrorism, extremism, and transnational organized crime remain high, and the illegal transfer of conventional weapons is increasing, seriously affecting international and regional security and stability. China firmly supports the global conventional arms control process, fully participates in relevant mechanisms under the United Nations framework, and advocates continuously strengthening and improving the international legal mechanisms in the field of conventional arms control on the basis of balancing the legitimate security needs and humanitarian concerns of all countries, and maintaining lasting world peace and universal security.
Fully supporting global conventional arms control. China is a full contracting state to the "Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons" and its five additional protocols, and has always faithfully fulfilled its relevant obligations. It earnestly implements the United Nations Program of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons and the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons, actively carries out international cooperation on the control of small arms and light weapons, and makes positive efforts to promote the achievement of a Global Framework for the Full Life Cycle Management of Conventional Ammunition. China supports strengthening global gun control, approved the Firearms Protocol in October 2023, actively participates in United Nations, World Customs Organization, and Interpol operations to combat gun smuggling, and supports African countries in implementing the "Silencing the Guns in Africa" initiative with practical actions. It adheres to submitting reports to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, making positive contributions to strengthening conventional arms control and improving the transparency of conventional arms transfers.
Actively participating in global arms trade governance. China adopts a prudent and responsible attitude towards the arms trade, strictly manages military product exports, and strictly abides by relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions and its own international obligations. In July 2020, China officially joined the Arms Trade Treaty, earnestly fulfilling its treaty obligations and promoting the establishment of a standardized and reasonable international arms trade order. It formulates and strictly follows the three principles for military product exports, namely, it helps the recipient country's legitimate self-defense capabilities; it does not harm the peace, security, and stability of the relevant region and the world; and it does not interfere in the recipient country's internal affairs. China only conducts military trade cooperation with sovereign states, does not sell weapons to entities not authorized by the government, clearly requires military product recipient countries to provide end-user and end-use certificates, and promises not to transfer military products imported from China to third parties without China's consent.
Strengthening international assistance and cooperation in mine clearance. China attaches great importance to the humanitarian problems caused by landmines. Since 1998, China has provided training, mine detection and clearance equipment, on-site mine clearance assistance, victim assistance, and humanitarian materials to more than 40 countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and has held nearly 30 international humanitarian mine clearance training courses. Chinese peacekeeping forces have successfully cleared a large number of landmines and various unexploded ordnance, totaling more than 21,600 pieces, in countries such as Lebanon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cambodia, and Liberia, which has been highly praised by the United Nations and relevant countries. In 2024, China announced the implementation of the "Action to Help Africa Get Rid of Landmines." In the same year, China and ASEAN issued a Joint Statement by the Foreign Ministers of China and ASEAN on Strengthening Humanitarian Mine Action Cooperation, clarifying the direction of future cooperation.
IV. Leading International Security Governance in Emerging Fields
Outer space, cyberspace, artificial intelligence, and other emerging fields are new heights of human development, new focuses of strategic security, and new frontiers of global governance. China advocates, on the basis of universal participation by all countries, giving play to the role of the United Nations as the main channel, promoting the formation of a global governance system framework and standards and norms for emerging fields with broad consensus, and enhancing the representation and voice of developing countries. All countries should effectively prevent and respond to security risks and challenges in emerging fields and promote the peaceful use of emerging fields. The formulation of discriminatory and exclusive rules, standards, and codes of conduct by individual country groups cannot replace universally accepted international norms, let alone become an excuse for sanctioning and suppressing other countries.
(I) Outer Space Security
The lasting peace and security of outer space concerns the security, development, and prosperity of all countries and is in line with the well-being and long-term interests of all mankind. China has always adhered to the peaceful use of outer space, maintained outer space security, firmly safeguarded the international order in outer space based on international law, actively participated in international governance of outer space security, and promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind in outer space. It firmly opposes offensive outer space military policies, opposes outer space military alliances, opposes the weaponization, battlefieldization, and arms race in outer space, and opposes the use of commercial aerospace to intervene in other countries' armed conflicts or interfere in other countries' internal affairs.
Advocating comprehensive governance of outer space security. Open, inclusive, and universally accepted outer space security rules are the key to promoting outer space security governance. China supports the United Nations in playing its role as the main platform, adhering to multilateralism and comprehensive and coordinated response, coordinating outer space arms control, the peaceful use of outer space, the long-term sustainability of outer space, and other aspects, promoting the formation of a comprehensive outer space security governance plan, and safeguarding the common rights and interests of all countries in the peaceful use of outer space.
Committed to preventing an arms race in outer space. An arms race in outer space constitutes the greatest and most fundamental threat to outer space security. Preventing an arms race in outer space is an important prerequisite for ensuring the peace, tranquility, and sustainability of outer space. Negotiating and reaching legal instruments on outer space arms control is the fundamental way to prevent an arms race in outer space. China and Russia submitted a draft treaty on the prevention of the placement of weapons in outer space and the use or threat of force against outer space objects to the Conference on Disarmament in 2008 and updated it in 2014, promoting negotiations on the basis of this to reach legal instruments on outer space arms control. In 2017 and 2022, China promoted the establishment of two sessions of the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts on Preventing an Arms Race in Outer Space, making substantive contributions to the discussion and formulation of legal instruments on outer space arms control. China advocates building a community with a shared future for mankind in the outer space field, and this proposition has been widely supported by the international community and has been written into relevant resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly for many consecutive years.
Carrying out transparent and open aerospace activities. China carries out aerospace activities and participates in outer space governance in accordance with the principles of equality, mutual trust, transparency, and openness. Through government white papers on aerospace and defense, information releases by the Ministry of National Defense, and other means, it has repeatedly expounded China's peaceful development purpose of aerospace and outer space security policies, and introduced major activities, capability development, and international exchanges and cooperation. It opens national aerospace infrastructure such as launch sites and satellite assembly, integration, and testing centers to the outside world, earnestly fulfills international obligations such as the registration of space objects, and informs relevant countries and international organizations of aerospace activities, as well as spacecraft re-entry, collision avoidance, and other situations. It constructively participates in the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts on Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Outer Space and participates in co-sponsoring resolutions on Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Outer Space at the United Nations General Assembly every year.
Jointly maintaining peace and security in outer space. China develops aerospace science and technology and promotes the development of the aerospace industry to benefit all mankind. China promotes the construction of military aerospace forces, maintains the security of national outer space activities, personnel, and assets, and other interests, improves the ability to safely enter and exit and openly use outer space, and enhances the effectiveness of outer space crisis management and comprehensive governance. China is willing to work with all peace-loving countries to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation on outer space security and contribute to maintaining lasting peace and common security in outer space.
(II) Cyberspace Security
At present, network and digital technologies are developing rapidly, profoundly affecting the global economic and security governance landscape. The risks of camp formation, militarization, and fragmentation in cyberspace are prominent, and global cyber threats are intensifying. Cyberspace is a common space for human activities, and the future destiny of cyberspace should be jointly controlled by all countries in the world. China actively promotes global governance in cyberspace, carries out international exchanges and cooperation in cyberspace, and is a firm advocate of the international rule system in cyberspace, a firm defender of network sovereignty and security, and a firm maintainer of peace and stability in cyberspace.
Advocating the building of a community with a shared future in cyberspace. In December 2015, China put forward the important concept of building a community with a shared future in cyberspace, contributing a Chinese solution to the development and governance of the global Internet. This important concept includes the "four principles" for promoting the reform of the global Internet governance system, namely, "respecting network sovereignty, maintaining peace and security, promoting openness and cooperation, and building a good order," and the "five proposals" for building a community with a shared future in cyberspace, namely, "accelerating the construction of global network infrastructure and promoting interconnection; building an online cultural exchange and sharing platform to promote exchanges and mutual learning; promoting innovative development of the network economy to promote common prosperity; ensuring network security to promote orderly development; and building an Internet governance system to promote fairness and justice." China emphasizes that development should be jointly promoted, security should be jointly maintained, governance should be jointly participated in, and results should be jointly shared.
Since 2023, China has put forward major initiatives to jointly promote the building of a community with a shared future in cyberspace to a new stage, advocating development priority, shared security, and mutual learning among civilizations, and emphasizing accelerating the promotion of innovative development, secure development, and inclusive development in cyberspace. The important concept of building a community with a shared future in cyberspace has been written into resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly for many times and has been widely praised and recognized by the international community.
Firmly supporting the principle of network sovereignty. Network sovereignty is a natural extension and application of the principle of sovereign equality established by the Charter of the United Nations in cyberspace. China advocates that all countries have jurisdiction over information and communication infrastructure, resources, data, and information and communication activities within their borders, and have the right to protect their information systems and important data from threats, interference, attacks, theft, and destruction; all countries have the right to formulate their own Internet public policies and laws and regulations to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, and other entities in cyberspace; all countries have the right to jointly manage and fairly allocate Internet basic resources and establish a multilateral, democratic, and transparent international Internet governance system; and all countries must not use information and communication technologies to spread false information, interfere in other countries' internal affairs, implement "peaceful evolution," incite "color revolutions," or endanger other countries' national security and social stability.
Resolutely safeguarding peace and security in cyberspace. The peaceful use of cyberspace is in the common interest of mankind, maintaining cyberspace security is the common responsibility of all countries in the world, and cyberspace should not become a new battlefield for geopolitical conflicts. China opposes "dominating cyberspace" from a position of strength and carrying out large-scale, systematic, and indiscriminate cyber attacks and theft of secrets against the world; opposes individual countries arbitrarily targeting other countries' critical infrastructure as cyber attack targets, placing global critical infrastructure at great risk; and opposes introducing ideological confrontation and military alliances into cyberspace in the name of "cyber security cooperation," deploying cyber military forces in Asia-Pacific countries and regions, and spreading cyber weapons and systems, increasing the risk of misjudgment and escalation of the situation.
Promoting international cooperation in cyber security. In March 2017, China released its first International Strategy for Cooperation in Cyberspace, advocating peaceful development and win-win cooperation in cyberspace. It carries out bilateral cyber affairs dialogues, exchanges, and cooperation, and has established cyber affairs dialogue mechanisms with Russia, France, Germany, the European Union, ASEAN, and others, and expands pragmatic cooperation in the cyber and digital fields with countries in Central Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. It promotes the Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states to jointly issue a heads of state statement on information security issues, establish an information security expert group, reach the Agreement between the Governments of the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Cooperation in the Field of Ensuring International Information Security, and formulate a cooperation plan. It promotes the achievement of the BRICS Roadmap for Practical Cooperation on Cyber Security and its progress report, determining cooperation directions such as policy exchanges, emergency response, and law enforcement cooperation.
Leading the construction of an international governance system for cyber security. China supports the establishment of a cyber security process with universal participation by all parties under the United Nations framework and promotes the formulation and implementation of international rules in cyberspace that are universally accepted by all countries. In September 2011, China, together with Russia and others, submitted the International Code of Conduct for Information Security to the United Nations General Assembly, and promoted the Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states to submit an updated text of the code to the United Nations General Assembly in 2015, which is the first document in the world to comprehensively and systematically expound the norms of conduct in cyberspace. In December 2021, China submitted a position paper to the United Nations, comprehensively expounding China's policy propositions on international rules in cyberspace.
China actively participates in the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts on Information Security and the Open-ended Working Group, and promotes the achievement of a "Framework for Responsible State Behavior in Cyberspace" based on the "International Code of Conduct for Information Security," clarifying that the Charter of the United Nations applies to cyberspace, and becoming the only national code of conduct in the field of global emerging technology governance. China advocates that the framework should be fully observed and implemented, and that new global cyber and digital security rules should be formulated and improved according to the situation and technological development. The application of the law of armed conflict to cyberspace should be treated with caution, and new international legal instruments should be formulated through universal participation and discussion when conditions are ripe.
Providing China's Plan for Global Data Security Governance. In September 2020, China proposed the "Global Data Security Initiative," focusing on major issues such as the protection of critical infrastructure and personal information, the storage and retrieval of corporate overseas data, and supply chain security, and put forward constructive solutions, providing a blueprint for the formulation of relevant global rules. In March 2021 and June 2022, China respectively issued the "China-Arab Data Security Cooperation Initiative" and the "China+Central Asia Five Countries" Data Security Cooperation Initiative with the League of Arab States and the five Central Asian countries, joining hands in data security governance and shaping the global data security governance system. In November 2024, the "Global Initiative on Data Cross-border Flow Cooperation" was proposed to promote global data cross-border flow cooperation and build an efficient, convenient and secure data cross-border flow mechanism.
Building a Strong Force to Defend Network Sovereignty and Security. China has long been subjected to overseas cyber penetration, espionage, attacks and sabotage, and its network sovereignty and critical infrastructure are facing complex and severe threats. China is promoting the construction of cyberspace forces, developing cybersecurity defense means, building capabilities such as situation awareness, emergency response, disaster recovery and backup, and traceability and forensics, discovering and resisting cyber intrusions in a timely manner, containing cyber crises, deterring cyber conflicts, enhancing cyber checks and balances, building a solid network border defense, and will take all necessary measures to respond to cyber attacks against China's critical infrastructure, and resolutely defend national network sovereignty and security.
(III) Military Application of Artificial Intelligence
The rapid development and widespread application of artificial intelligence technology has profoundly affected human production and life, increased geopolitical variables, and spawned a new round of military revolution. Recent local wars have shown that unmanned combat clusters, intelligent weapon platforms, intelligent auxiliary systems, etc., are spawning major changes in combat styles and combat methods, arousing concerns from the international community. China advocates practicing the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind in the field of artificial intelligence, adhering to the principle of giving equal importance to development and security, and ensuring that the military application of artificial intelligence is safe, reliable, and controllable.
Advocating a People-oriented and Intelligent-for-Good Development Concept. China always believes that the military application of artificial intelligence should not harm the common well-being of all mankind, but should enhance mutual trust between countries, maintain global strategic stability, and prevent an arms race. It should be insisted that people should be in the lead, that it is people, not weapons, who determine the outcome of war, that people are the ultimate responsible subject, that relevant weapon systems are always under human control, and that unauthorized actions are prevented. It should be ensured that the military application of artificial intelligence complies with international humanitarian law and other applicable international laws.
Advocating the Establishment of an International Governance Framework for the Military Application of Artificial Intelligence. China has put forward the "Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Initiative" and issued the "China's Position Paper on Regulating the Military Application of Artificial Intelligence," advocating that all countries, especially major countries, should develop and use artificial intelligence technology in the military field with a prudent and responsible attitude. China constructively participates in relevant discussions under the United Nations framework, advocates adhering to the principles of multilateralism, openness and inclusiveness, establishing a universally participated international mechanism, and forming a governance framework with broad consensus; opposes drawing lines based on ideology and generalizing the concept of national security, advocates eliminating artificially created technological barriers, and ensures that all countries fully enjoy the rights to technological development and peaceful utilization. China is deeply involved in the work of the Group of Governmental Experts on "Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems" under the framework of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, and promotes the achievement of relevant guiding principles.
Strengthening Risk Prevention and Control of Military Application of Artificial Intelligence. China does not engage in an artificial intelligence arms race with other countries, but promotes the intelligent development of the military and builds a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics in accordance with the trend of the world military revolution, the objective needs of national security, and the actual construction of national defense and the military. China adheres to the bottom-line thinking and risk awareness, attaches importance to the establishment of a quality control system and a risk response mechanism, takes necessary measures to reduce proliferation risks, and strengthens military ethics and security education on artificial intelligence.
V. Strengthening International Cooperation on Non-proliferation and Peaceful Use of Science and Technology
The international non-proliferation system has played an important role in preventing and delaying the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, and in maintaining world and regional peace and security. At present, the risks and challenges of the proliferation of nuclear, biological, chemical and other weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery still exist, technological progress has led to more diversified risks of non-state actors acquiring weapons of mass destruction, unilateralism and double standards have further risen, and the peaceful use of science and technology by developing countries has been subject to many restrictions. The international community is increasingly calling for strengthening the fairness and rationality of the non-proliferation system. China continues to strengthen its non-proliferation capacity building, actively participates in the international non-proliferation process, promotes international cooperation in the peaceful use of science and technology, and promotes the improvement of global non-proliferation governance.
(I) China's Non-proliferation Policy and Practice
China has always resolutely opposed the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, strictly implemented relevant resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, and fully fulfilled its obligations under the framework of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention, and international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, submitting national reports or establishing confidence-building measures on time, and playing a leading and promoting role in international non-proliferation cooperation.
Strengthening the Construction of Export Control System. China has accelerated the improvement of its export control system, established a legal and regulatory system led by the Export Control Law of the People's Republic of China, covering dual-use items and military products, nuclear and other fields such as nuclear, biological, chemical, and guidance, and realized the legalization and standardized management of export control. In December 2024, the Regulations on Export Control of Dual-Use Items and the Export Control List of Dual-Use Items of the People's Republic of China were officially implemented, further improving the effectiveness of export control governance of dual-use items.
Improving the Regulatory Capacity of Non-proliferation and Export Control. China continues to improve the export control law enforcement mechanism, build a coordinated and effective law enforcement system, and strengthen export control supervision of production, research and development, export, financing and other links in accordance with the law. In accordance with international common practices and its own development needs, through cross-departmental information exchange, the establishment of expert support teams, and the strengthening of law enforcement team building, illegal and irregular cases are investigated and dealt with in a timely manner to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of non-proliferation and export control, forming a strong deterrent. Actively carry out compliance publicity and education for enterprises, research institutions, universities, etc., and continuously strengthen the compliance awareness of the whole society.
(II) Promoting the Construction of a Just, Reasonable and Non-discriminatory International Non-proliferation Order
Maintaining and promoting international and regional peace and security is the fundamental purpose of non-proliferation. China has always maintained that the formulation of non-proliferation-related rules and the construction of mechanisms should fully guarantee and promote the representation and participation rights of all countries, especially developing countries. China advocates coordinating development and security, promoting international cooperation in non-proliferation and peaceful use in a balanced manner, effectively guaranteeing the development rights of developing countries, and enhancing the fairness, rationality and non-discrimination of the international non-proliferation system.
Supporting the United Nations in Playing a Central Role in the Field of Non-proliferation. China actively participates in the work of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 Committee, supports the effective implementation of Security Council Resolution 1540 at the national, regional and international levels, strengthens domestic management and export control of weapons of mass destruction and related materials and technologies, and prevents and combats non-state actors from acquiring sensitive items. China has jointly held four training courses for national contact points in the Asia-Pacific region with the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs and the 1540 Committee in China.
Actively Participating in the Construction of the International Non-proliferation and Export Control System. As a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, China maintains that the work of the Group should aim at strengthening the universality, authority and effectiveness of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and actively participates in the revision and improvement of the Group's control rules and related discussions on the control list. China supports the reasonable demands of developing countries represented by the Non-Aligned Movement, and agrees that universally, comprehensively and non-discriminatory agreements reached through multilateral consultations are the best means to resolve non-proliferation concerns. Based on the above position, China maintains contact with mechanisms such as the Missile Technology Control Regime, the Australia Group, and the Wassenaar Arrangement, and encourages relevant mechanisms to abide by their technical attributes and fulfill their commitments not to interfere with the peaceful use and normal international trade in related fields, so as to play a constructive role in promoting common security and universal development.
(III) Firmly Safeguarding the Legitimate Right to Peaceful Use of Science and Technology
China attaches importance to the security challenges and proliferation risks brought about by emerging technologies, and at the same time advocates safeguarding the legitimate rights of developing countries to the peaceful use of science and technology, opposes using export control as a tool for "decoupling and breaking chains," and opposes abusing export control and unilateral sanctions under the pretext of maintaining international security and non-proliferation.
In this spirit, in October 2021, China and countries with similar positions submitted the draft resolution "Promoting International Cooperation in the Peaceful Use of International Cooperation in the Field of International Security" to the First Committee of the 76th UN General Assembly for the first time, emphasizing that maximizing participation in the exchange and cooperation of science, technology, equipment, and materials for peaceful purposes is an inalienable right granted to all countries by international law, and requiring the elimination of unreasonable restrictions on developing countries. The above resolution received widespread support. Subsequently, the 77th and 79th UN General Assemblies again passed the resolution with high votes. China welcomes all parties to continue to carry out inclusive dialogue and promote the effective implementation of the resolution.
Concluding Remarks
For thousands of years, mankind has been looking forward to lasting peace, but war has never been far away, and the shadow of war has always lingered. Arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation are important barriers to prevent mankind from sliding into the abyss of war. For 80 years, the multilateral arms control system with the United Nations as the core has gradually taken shape and tended to improve, playing a key role in alleviating conflicts and maintaining peace.
At present, the once-in-a-century changes are accelerating, and the trend of the times of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win is unstoppable, but the risks of confrontation, conflict, and war are also rising, the characteristics of world turbulence and disorder are becoming increasingly prominent, the multilateral arms control process has fallen into a low ebb, and human society is facing the risk of regressing to the law of the jungle where the weak are prey to the strong.
No matter how the international situation changes, China firmly stands on the right side of history and on the side of human civilization and progress, and is a firm force in maintaining world peace and security. China will practice true multilateralism, act responsibly as a major country, unremittingly promote the international arms control process, and inject reliable stability into a turbulent world.
大道不孤，众行致远 (dà dào bù gū, zhòng xíng zhì yuǎn - "A just cause finds great support," a great road is not lonely if many walk it together; a noble cause will always attract followers). The Chinese path to modernization is a modernization that takes the path of peaceful development, and China's development is the growth of world peace forces. China is willing to work with all peace-loving countries to advocate an equal and orderly world multi-polarization and an inclusive economic globalization, consolidate and develop the international arms control system with the United Nations as the core, join hands to build a community with a shared future for mankind, and create a better future for mankind!
Appendix 1: Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-proliferation Treaties to which China is a Party
(As of November 2025)
I. Nuclear Field
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
Convention on Nuclear Safety
International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism
Second Additional Protocol to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean
Second and Third Protocols to the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty
First and Second Protocols to the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty
Protocol to the Central Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty
Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof
Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in China
Additional Protocol to the Agreement between the People's Republic of China and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in China
II. Biological Field
Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction
III. Chemical Field
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction
IV. Conventional Field
Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, and its annexed Protocols I, II, and III
Amended Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects (Amended Protocol II)
Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons (Protocol IV) annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects
Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V) annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects
Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
Arms Trade Treaty
V. Other
Antarctic Treaty
Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
Appendix 2: Laws and Regulations on Non-proliferation Export Control in China
(As of November 2025)
I. Nuclear Field
Regulations on the Control of Nuclear Materials of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国核材料管制条例)
Regulations on the Control of Nuclear Exports of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国核出口管制条例)
List of Nuclear Export Controls (核出口管制清单)
Regulations on the Supervision and Management of Nuclear Import and Export and External Nuclear Cooperation Safeguards (核进出口及对外核合作保障监督管理规定)
II. Chemical Field
Regulations on the Administration of Controlled Chemicals of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国监控化学品管理条例)
List of Various Controlled Chemicals (各类监控化学品名录)
Implementation Rules for the Regulations on the Administration of Controlled Chemicals of the People's Republic of China (〈中华人民共和国监控化学品管理条例〉实施细则)
List of New Varieties Included in Category 3 of Controlled Chemicals (列入第三类监控化学品的新增品种清单)
III. Military Product Export Field
Regulations on the Administration of Military Product Exports of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国军品出口管理条例)
List of Military Product Export Controls of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国军品出口管理清单)
IV. Dual-Use Items
Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-Use Items of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例)
V. Other Relevant Laws and Regulations
Export Control Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国出口管制法)
Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国对外贸易法)
Administrative Penalty Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国行政处罚法)
Customs Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国海关法)
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国刑法) and its amendments
Note ①: The full names are the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems and the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles.
Note ①: Full name is the "Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty" and the "Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles."
Note ②: Full name is the "Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction."
Note ③: Full name is the "Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction."
Note ④: Full name is the "Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects."
Note ⑤: Full name is the "Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects."
Note ⑥: Full name is the "International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons."
Note ⑦: Full name is the "Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime."
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (新华社北京) November 27th)
Return to TopBy: 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
Contents
Foreword
I. Complex and Grave International Security and Arms Control Situation
II. China's Policies and Positions on Arms Control in the New Era
III. Constructively Participating in the International Arms Control Process
(I) Nuclear Arms Control
(II) Missiles and Anti-Missiles
(III) Biological Security
(IV) Chemical Weapons
(V) Conventional Weapons
IV. Leading International Security Governance in Emerging Fields
(I) Outer Space Security
(II) Cybersecurity
(III) Military Application of Artificial Intelligence
V. Strengthening International Cooperation on Non-Proliferation and Peaceful Use of Science and Technology
(I) China's Non-Proliferation Policy and Practice
(II) Promoting the Construction of a Just, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory International Non-Proliferation Order
(III) Firmly Safeguarding the Legitimate Right to Peaceful Use of Science and Technology
Concluding Remarks
Appendix 1: Arms Control, Disarmament, and Non-Proliferation Related Treaties to Which China is a Party
Appendix 2: Laws and Regulations on Export Control Related to Non-Proliferation in China
Foreword
Peace and development are eternal themes of human society. Peace needs to be strived for and maintained.
Arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation embody humanity's beautiful aspiration to turn swords into ploughshares and weapons into farm implements. They carry the important mission of reducing the risk of war, eliminating security deficits, and promoting world peace. They concern global strategic security and the common well-being of mankind, and are increasingly becoming a common expectation of the international community.
The Chinese nation has always advocated "harmony as the most valuable" (以和为贵) and "harmonious coexistence of all nations" (协和万邦). It adheres to the path of justice and opposes bullying the weak and resorting to military force. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国), it has always adhered to the path of peaceful development, firmly pursued a defensive national defense policy, and resolutely opposed any form of hegemonism, aggression, expansion, and arms race. After the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) restored its legitimate seat in the United Nations (联合国), it actively participated in the multilateral arms control process and made unremitting efforts to maintain international peace and security.
Entering the new era, under the guidance of Xi Jinping's (习近平) Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China (中国) is unswervingly promoting the construction of Chinese-style modernization, actively responding to the common calls of the international community, practicing the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, and promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind. China (中国) constructively participates in the international arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation process, actively contributes Chinese initiatives and Chinese solutions, and is committed to improving the international security environment, enhancing international security cooperation, solving international security dilemmas, and improving global security governance. China (中国) has always been a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, and a maintainer of the international order.
2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and also the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations (联合国). Peace is still fragile, war has not been eliminated, local conflicts and turbulence occur frequently, and the international arms race continues to escalate. Mankind is once again faced with the choice of peace or war, dialogue or confrontation, win-win or zero-sum, and is once again standing at a crossroads in history, urgently needing to revitalize the multilateral arms control process and build a solid foundation for peace and development.
In order to comprehensively explain the policies and practices of China (中国) on arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation in the new era, introduce the international security governance propositions in emerging fields such as outer space, cyberspace, and artificial intelligence, demonstrate China's (中国) firm determination to safeguard world peace and security, and call on all countries in the world to work together to promote the international arms control process, the Chinese government hereby issues this white paper.
I. Complex and Grave International Security and Arms Control Situation
In today's world, the international strategic pattern is accelerating its adjustment, the international balance of power is developing in a more balanced direction, multilateralism is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and positive factors for maintaining world peace and security are rising. At the same time, the global security situation is complex and grave. Hegemonism, power politics, and unilateralism seriously impact the post-war international order. Geopolitical games are intensifying, local conflicts and turbulence occur frequently, and the arms race is heating up. The comprehensive complexity of international arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation is more prominent, and opportunities and challenges coexist.
Great power competition impacts regional peace and security. Individual countries seek absolute strategic advantages, continue to expand their military preparations, provoke camp confrontation, intensify the international and regional arms race, lead to multiple outbreaks of regional conflicts, and global military spending has repeatedly reached new highs. Especially in the Asia-Pacific region, strengthening military alliances, promoting "extended deterrence," and forward-deploying land-based intermediate-range missiles create tension and confrontation, seriously damaging the security interests of countries in the region.
Global strategic stability faces serious threats. Individual countries continue to adjust their nuclear policies, stubbornly maintain huge nuclear arsenals, enhance nuclear deterrence and actual combat capabilities, and increase the risk of global nuclear conflict. Missile defense technology continues to improve, and the military application of emerging fields such as outer space, cyberspace, and artificial intelligence is developing rapidly, which is changing the traditional strategic offensive and defensive pattern and bringing new impacts to global strategic stability.
The international arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation system is being eroded. Individual countries withdraw from groups and break contracts, destroying the international arms control system. The international non-proliferation mechanism is deeply harmed by pragmatism and double standards. A few countries build "small yards and high walls" and engage in "decoupling and breaking chains," restricting the right of developing countries to peacefully use science and technology in the name of non-proliferation.
Security risks and challenges in emerging fields are becoming increasingly prominent. With the rapid development and application of emerging technologies, risks such as technology out of control, data theft, technology crime, and ethical violations are rising, and the problems of missing international rules and lagging governance systems are becoming prominent. The militarization process in emerging fields is accelerating, impacting traditional rules of engagement and war ethics, and bringing new global security challenges.
The call for peace and justice to strengthen arms control is rising. The autonomy of Global South countries in international security and development affairs is rising, promoting the construction of a fair, just, and reasonable international arms control system, and the forces maintaining world peace and stability are constantly growing. China (中国) firmly safeguards the international arms control system with the United Nations (联合国) as the core, actively promotes the improvement of global security governance, and is an important force in promoting the international arms control process.
II. China's Policies and Positions on Arms Control in the New Era
China's (中国) arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation policies in the new era are based on the cultural tradition of valuing harmony, the socialist nature of the country, and the strategic choice of peaceful development. China (中国) is committed to promoting global governance in the field of arms control and supports the establishment of a world of lasting peace and universal security.
Promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind. Mankind is a community with a shared future and an indivisible security community. Maintaining world peace and security and promoting global strategic balance and stability are important missions of arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation, and are also the due meaning of building a community with a shared future for mankind. China's (中国) arms control in the new era always adheres to the common values of all mankind, actively responds to the legitimate and reasonable security concerns of all countries, and is committed to promoting the construction of a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice, and win-win cooperation, and jointly building a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, inclusiveness, and cleanliness and beauty.
Actively practice the Global Security Initiative. The Global Security Initiative aims to eliminate the root causes of international conflicts and improve global security governance, contributing Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to solving the security challenges currently facing human society. China's (中国) arms control in the new era always adheres to the spirit of unity and win-win thinking, actively practices a common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security concept, and takes whether it is conducive to promoting global strategic stability and creating a fair, just, and mutually constructed and shared security pattern as the focus of its policies, comprehensively considering the role of arms control in promoting strategic balance and stability, focusing on exerting the functions of maintaining security and restricting war, and constructively promoting the international arms control process.
Firmly pursue a defensive national defense policy. A defensive national defense policy is the basic principle of China's (中国) national defense and military construction, which determines the basic position of China's (中国) arms control policy in the new era. China (中国) adheres to the path of peaceful development, will never seek hegemony, never expand, and never seek spheres of influence. Adhere to the principles of defense, self-defense, and acting in response to others, and firmly safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests. China (中国) adheres to the path of strengthening the military with Chinese characteristics, never participates in any form of arms race, and the development and growth of the Chinese army is always the development and growth of the world's peaceful forces.
Maintain open and transparent, reasonable and moderate national defense expenditures. China (中国) adheres to the policy of coordinated development of national defense construction and economic construction, and reasonably determines the scale of national defense expenditures. Compared with military powers such as the United States (美国), China's (中国) national defense expenditures are relatively low, whether in terms of the proportion of gross domestic product, the proportion of national fiscal expenditures, or the per capita national defense expenditure and per capita military expenditure. China (中国) actively participates in the United Nations (联合国) military expenditure transparency system, and the budget scale, structure, and basic uses are open and transparent. Since 2007, it has submitted a report on military expenditures for the previous fiscal year to the "United Nations Standardized Instrument for Reporting Military Expenditures" every year.
Adhere to the arms control concept of fairness, cooperation, balance, and effectiveness. China (中国) adheres to fairness and justice, always determines its positions and policies based on the merits of the matter itself, firmly safeguards the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations (联合国宪章), and handles international arms control and non-proliferation issues fairly, reasonably, and non-discriminatorily, opposing political coercion, exceptionalism, and double standards. Adhere to cooperation and win-win, advocate true multilateralism, promote equal and mutually beneficial international cooperation, and achieve arms control and non-proliferation goals through political and diplomatic means. Adhere to comprehensive balance, take into account traditional and emerging fields, treat both the symptoms and root causes, comprehensively respond to global security challenges, and coordinate the handling of complex arms control affairs; respect the basic rights and development needs of all countries, balance non-proliferation and peaceful use, and oppose generalizing the concept of national security, abusing export control measures, and restricting the right of developing countries to peaceful use and legitimate development. Adhere to pragmatism and effectiveness, firmly safeguard the authority, universality, and effectiveness of the international arms control and non-proliferation system, and promote the international arms control and non-proliferation process rationally, pragmatically, and step by step in a way that is acceptable to all parties, opposing "starting anew" by abandoning the United Nations (联合国) platform.
Deeply participate in global governance in the field of arms control. China's (中国) arms control in the new era adheres to the global governance concept of consultation, joint construction, and sharing, advocates strengthening unity and cooperation, opposes unilateralism, firmly safeguards the status and authority of the United Nations (联合国), and effectively exerts the irreplaceable important role of the United Nations (联合国) in global governance, advocating the construction of a more inclusive governance framework, more effective multilateral mechanisms, and more active international cooperation. China (中国) has ratified or signed more than 20 multilateral arms control treaties and earnestly fulfills its treaty obligations. Comprehensively and deeply participate in the meetings and activities of arms control mechanisms such as the Disarmament and International Security Committee of the United Nations General Assembly (United Nations General Assembly First Committee) (联大一委), the United Nations Disarmament Commission (裁审会), and the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva (裁谈会), support the early convening of the Fourth Special Session of the General Assembly Devoted to Disarmament, and contribute to maintaining and strengthening the multilateral mechanism with the United Nations (联合国) as the core. China (中国) actively carries out international cooperation in the fields of arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation, strengthens bilateral and multilateral communication and exchanges, and has established arms control and non-proliferation consultation mechanisms with more than 20 countries and international organizations to enhance understanding and mutual trust.
III. Constructively Participating in the International Arms Control Process
As a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (联合国安理会), China (中国) actively maintains the authority and effectiveness of the international arms control mechanism, constructively participates in the multilateral arms control process in the nuclear, biological, chemical, and other fields, earnestly fulfills international arms control treaties, and has made due contributions to the international arms control cause.
(I) Nuclear Arms Control
Nuclear weapons are the "Sword of Damocles" hanging over mankind's head, and nuclear arms control is an important guarantee for maintaining global strategic stability, which concerns human security and development interests. At present, the global nuclear game situation is severe and complex, the risk of a nuclear arms race is rising, and nuclear arms control faces challenges. China (中国) has repeatedly reiterated that nuclear weapons must not be used and a nuclear war must not be fought. From the first day it possessed nuclear weapons, China (中国) has advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons, promised not to be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances, and unconditionally promised not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states and nuclear-weapon-free zones. China (中国) firmly safeguards the international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation system, faithfully fulfills its obligations under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (不扩散核武器条约), and strives to promote the balanced advancement of the treaty's three major goals: nuclear disarmament, prevention of nuclear weapons proliferation, and promotion of the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
1. Nuclear Policy
Firmly adhere to the policy of no first use of nuclear weapons and adhere to a self-defensive nuclear strategy. China's (中国) development of nuclear weapons was a strategic choice made under duress during a special historical period to cope with nuclear threats and nuclear blackmail, break nuclear monopoly, and prevent nuclear war. It was not to threaten other countries, but for defense and self-defense. China (中国) has never used nuclear weapons to threaten any country, has never deployed nuclear weapons on foreign territory, and does not provide nuclear umbrellas for other countries. Whether it was during the Cold War, when it faced nuclear threats and nuclear blackmail several times, or today, when it faces a complex international security situation and severe strategic security threats, China (中国) has always adhered to the policy of no first use of nuclear weapons and still firmly pursues a self-defensive nuclear strategy. Promoting the modernization of nuclear forces aims to ensure national strategic security and maintain global strategic stability. This policy position is the most stable, continuous, and predictable among all nuclear-weapon states, and is China's (中国) major contribution to the international nuclear arms control cause.
Always maintain nuclear forces at the minimum level required for national security. China (中国) has always adopted an extremely restrained attitude in terms of the scale and development of nuclear weapons, never comparing inputs, quantities, or scales with other countries, and will not engage in a nuclear arms race with any country in the future. China (中国) has the fewest nuclear tests among nuclear-weapon states, and has closed nuclear weapon research and production facilities in Chongqing (重庆), Qinghai (青海), and other places, demonstrating China's (中国) attitude and actions of not pursuing a nuclear arms race. China (中国) builds a nuclear force system in accordance with the principle of being lean and effective, improves strategic early warning, command and control, missile penetration, rapid response, and survivability capabilities, and ensures the safety, reliability, and effectiveness of nuclear weapons to deter other countries from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against China (中国).
Attach great importance to the safety of nuclear weapons management, the safety of use, and effective control. China (中国) adopts strict regulations and reliable technical means to implement full-process safety management of nuclear weapon storage, transportation, training, and other links, which can effectively prevent the unauthorized launch and accidental launch of nuclear missiles and ensure that nuclear forces remain in a state of absolute safety and absolute reliability. The command authority of China's (中国) nuclear forces is highly centralized, the command process is lean and efficient, and it always ensures that the troops execute the orders of the Central Military Commission (中央军委) with extreme strictness and absolute accuracy.
Take nuclear transparency, confidence-building, and risk reduction measures. China (中国) advocates that nuclear transparency should help enhance strategic mutual trust, fully consider the security environment and security interests of all countries, and implement it voluntarily according to national conditions. In the current international security situation, transparency of intentions and policies is the most realistic. China (中国) firmly adheres to the path of peaceful development, pursues a self-defensive nuclear strategy, and will not be the first to use nuclear weapons, which is the most realistic transparency measure. Since 1995, China (中国) has successively released 2 arms control white papers and 10 national defense white papers, and submitted 6 national implementation reports of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (不扩散核武器条约), clearly explaining China's (中国) nuclear policy, nuclear strategy, nuclear force development, and other situations. China (中国) has taken a series of actions in terms of confidence-building measures, voluntarily notifying relevant countries in a timely manner of the launch of ballistic missiles and other situations, and signed the "Agreement on Mutual Notification of Launches of Ballistic Missiles and Space Launch Vehicles" with Russia (俄罗斯). In September 2024, China (中国) launched an intercontinental ballistic missile into the Pacific Ocean and proactively notified relevant countries in advance.
There are huge differences in the nuclear forces, nuclear policies, and security environments of nuclear-weapon states, and there are no universally applicable risk reduction measures. China (中国) advocates putting crisis prevention first and opposes the hypocritical practice of inciting confrontation and creating crises while touting the reduction of nuclear risks. Nuclear-weapon states should abandon nuclear deterrence policies centered on the first use of nuclear weapons, reduce the role of nuclear weapons in national and collective security policies, and effectively reduce nuclear risks.
Promote the role of the P5 mechanism. The P5 mechanism is an important platform for nuclear-weapon states to maintain the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (《不扩散核武器条约》) system and an important mechanism for strengthening strategic communication and enhancing strategic mutual trust. In January 2019, China hosted the P5 Beijing Conference (五核国北京会议), restarting the stalled P5 cooperation process. In January 2022, China promoted the issuance of the "Joint Statement on Preventing Nuclear War and Avoiding Arms Races" by the leaders of the five nuclear-weapon states, reaffirming the concept that "a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought." China took the lead in cooperating to compile two versions of the "P5 Nuclear Terminology," promoting consensus-building, enhancing mutual trust, eliminating misunderstandings, and preventing misjudgments among the five countries, providing useful references for the international community. From August 2024 to August 2025, China will once again serve as the coordinator of the P5 mechanism, promoting the five countries to strengthen nuclear policy communication and strategic mutual trust.
2. Nuclear Disarmament
Adhere to a fair, reasonable, rational, and pragmatic nuclear disarmament concept. China advocates that all nuclear-weapon states should publicly commit not to seek to possess nuclear weapons forever and conclude legal instruments on the comprehensive prohibition and complete destruction of nuclear weapons. Nuclear disarmament should adhere to the principles of "maintaining global strategic stability" and "not impairing the security of any country," and take fair, reasonable, gradual reduction, and downward balancing steps to advance step by step. Countries with the largest nuclear arsenals should continue to fulfill their special and primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament, and further substantially and substantially reduce their nuclear arsenals in a verifiable, irreversible, and legally binding manner, creating conditions for the ultimate realization of comprehensive and complete nuclear disarmament. When conditions are ripe, all nuclear-weapon states should join the multilateral nuclear disarmament negotiation process.
Firmly support the purpose and objectives of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (《全面禁止核试验条约》). Since the first batch of signatures to the treaty in September 1996, China has always adhered to its commitment to "suspend nuclear testing," supported the early entry into force of the treaty, and actively promoted domestic preparations for implementation. Since December 2016, five radionuclide and seismic stations in Lanzhou (兰州), Guangzhou (广州), and Beijing (北京) have passed verification and acceptance. In August 2025, the Kunming (昆明) infrasound station passed verification and acceptance. China holds "National Data Center" seminars, participates in on-site inspections and other related activities, supports the construction of the treaty verification mechanism, and maintains good cooperation with the Preparatory Commission for the Treaty Organization.
Continue to participate in discussions on the "Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty" issue. The Conference on Disarmament in Geneva is the only appropriate venue for negotiating a "Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty" ("FMCT"). China supports the negotiation and conclusion of a non-discriminatory, multilateral, and internationally effectively verifiable "FMCT" based on the achievement of a comprehensive and balanced work program and the universal participation of all key parties, in accordance with the mandate contained in the "Shannon Report." Constructively participate in the UN "FMCT" High-Level Expert Preparatory Group and relevant discussions at the Conference on Disarmament.
Call for and promote mutual no-first-use of nuclear weapons. Adopting a policy of no-first-use of nuclear weapons is a practical action to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in national security policies and promote nuclear disarmament. Consensus among the five nuclear-weapon states of China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States on mutual no-first-use of nuclear weapons will help reduce strategic risks, avoid nuclear arms races, and promote global strategic balance and stability. In January 1994, China submitted a draft "Treaty on Mutual No-First-Use of Nuclear Weapons" to the other four nuclear-weapon states. In the same year, China and Russia announced that they would not be the first to use nuclear weapons and would not target each other with strategic nuclear weapons. In June 1998, China and the United States announced that they would not target each other with nuclear weapons. In May 2000, China promoted the issuance of a joint statement by the five nuclear-weapon states, announcing that their nuclear weapons were not aimed at any country. In July 2024, China submitted a working paper to the second preparatory committee of the 11th Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, once again calling on nuclear-weapon states to conclude a "Treaty on Mutual No-First-Use of Nuclear Weapons" or reach a political statement on this matter.
Actively respond to the legitimate demands of non-nuclear-weapon states for security assurances. China advocates that all nuclear-weapon states should commit to unconditionally not using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states and nuclear-weapon-free zones. In April 1995, China issued a statement reaffirming its unconditional provision of negative security assurances to all non-nuclear-weapon states and promising to provide positive security assurances to these countries. In May 2000, China and other nuclear-weapon states issued a joint statement reaffirming the security assurance commitments made in UN Security Council Resolution 984. In July 2024, China submitted a working paper to the second preparatory committee of the 11th Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, advocating for the early negotiation and conclusion of an international legal instrument providing unconditional negative security assurances to non-nuclear-weapon states.
3. Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Promote the political and diplomatic resolution of nuclear non-proliferation issues. China advocates that all countries should abandon the Cold War mentality, fully respect each other's legitimate security concerns, peacefully resolve nuclear weapons proliferation concerns through political and diplomatic means, and eliminate the root causes of nuclear weapons proliferation. China has always believed that dialogue and consultation are the right way to resolve the Iranian nuclear issue and has constructively participated in relevant negotiations, promoting the conclusion of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on the Iranian nuclear issue in July 2015. China will continue to adhere to an objective and fair position, actively promote peace and promote talks, promote the political and diplomatic resolution process of the Iranian nuclear issue, and oppose the use of force and illegal sanctions. China maintains a fair position and correct direction on the Korean Peninsula issue, and has always been committed to the peace, stability, and prosperity of the Korean Peninsula and the political resolution process of the Korean Peninsula issue. China calls on relevant parties to stop deterrence and pressure, restart dialogue and negotiations, and play a constructive role in promoting political resolution and achieving long-term peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula.
Resolutely oppose the practice of double standards in the field of nuclear non-proliferation, placing geopolitical self-interest above the international nuclear non-proliferation system. The nuclear submarine cooperation between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia involves the first transfer of nuclear submarine power reactors and a large amount of weapons-grade highly enriched uranium from nuclear-weapon states to non-nuclear-weapon states, which clearly violates the objectives and purposes of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (《不扩散核武器条约》) and seriously undermines the international nuclear non-proliferation system. China advocates that relevant safeguards supervision arrangements should be thoroughly discussed by member states of the International Atomic Energy Agency through intergovernmental processes and decisions should be made through consensus. China firmly opposes behaviors such as "nuclear sharing" and "extended deterrence" that weaken the international nuclear non-proliferation system and urges relevant countries to abandon the deployment of nuclear weapons outside their borders.
Respect and support efforts to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones. China respects and supports the efforts of relevant countries and regions to establish nuclear-weapon-free zones or zones free of weapons of mass destruction on the basis of self-consultation and voluntary agreements. Nuclear-weapon states should respect the status of nuclear-weapon-free zones and assume corresponding obligations. China has signed and ratified the Second Additional Protocol to the Treaty of Tlatelolco (《拉丁美洲和加勒比禁止核武器条约》), the Second and Third Protocols to the Treaty of Rarotonga (《南太平洋无核区条约》), the First and Second Protocols to the Treaty of Pelindaba (《非洲无核武器区条约》), and the Protocol to the Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia (《中亚无核武器区条约》). Firmly support the efforts of ASEAN countries to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone and is willing to take the lead in signing the Protocol to the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (《东南亚无核武器区条约》). Respect and welcome Mongolia's nuclear-weapon-free status. Support efforts to establish a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, and constructively participated in five meetings on the establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction as an observer from 2019 to 2024.
4. Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
Actively carry out international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. China has always believed that efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons should not undermine the legitimate rights of all countries, especially developing countries, to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. China opposes politicizing the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and interfering with and restricting normal international cooperation. China actively expands the breadth and depth of bilateral and multilateral cooperation in the nuclear field, promotes the universal sharing of nuclear energy achievements, shares technologies and experiences with other countries, contributes resources and platforms, supports the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in developing countries, helps achieve the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and promotes the peaceful uses of nuclear energy for the benefit of all mankind. Signed intergovernmental cooperation agreements on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy with more than 30 countries and regions, sent more than 4,000 experts to serve in countries of the Global South, and received more than 6,000 visits, advanced studies, and training in China.
Adhere to a rational, coordinated, and progressive nuclear security concept and promote the establishment of a fair, cooperative, and win-win international nuclear security system. China adheres to a combination of legal norms, administrative supervision, industry self-discipline, technical guarantees, talent support, cultural leadership, and social participation to build a strict nuclear security responsibility system, ensure nuclear and radiation safety, and maintain a good nuclear safety record for a long time. Abide by international laws such as the Convention on Nuclear Safety (《核安全公约》), the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (《核材料实物保护公约》) and its amendments, and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (《制止核恐怖主义行为国际公约》), earnestly fulfill international nuclear security obligations, support the International Atomic Energy Agency in playing a positive role, help developing countries improve their nuclear safety and security capabilities, promote international cooperation in combating nuclear terrorism, effectively prevent non-state entities from acquiring sensitive nuclear materials, and oppose attacks on peaceful nuclear facilities such as nuclear power plants in any way. Nuclear terrorism is the common enemy of all mankind, and the impact of nuclear security incidents transcends national borders. All countries must participate in nuclear security affairs and strive to build a nuclear security community with a shared future in the spirit of openness and inclusiveness.
(II) Missiles and Missile Defense
Missile and missile defense issues are related to global strategic balance and stability. After the end of the Cold War, individual countries withdrew from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (《反导条约》) and the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (《中导条约》), developed global strategic missile defense capabilities, deliberately blurred the boundaries between missile defense and strategic offense, provoked great power confrontation, seriously undermined strategic mutual trust, increased strategic risks, and endangered global and regional security and stability. China has always prudently handled missile and missile defense-related issues from the perspective of maintaining global strategic stability and enhancing strategic mutual trust among countries.
Resolutely oppose missile defense and missile deployments that harm the legitimate security interests of other countries. Individual countries seek absolute security, promote the "Iron Dome" global missile defense system without restriction, seek to deploy weapons in outer space, seriously threaten outer space security; promote the forward deployment of intermediate-range missile systems in the Asia-Pacific and Europe, and spread related weapon systems and technologies relying on military alliance systems, seriously undermining global strategic balance and stability. China resolutely opposes this and urges individual countries to stop developing and deploying global missile defense systems and stop the forward deployment of offensive weapons such as missiles. China will resolutely counter any actions that threaten and harm China's core interests.
Develop missile technology moderately for self-defense needs. China has a vast territory and faces a complex and changing security environment. Maintaining security, defending sovereignty, and deterring war require the construction of corresponding modern military equipment and forces. China's development of missile technology and missile defense capabilities is entirely for self-defense purposes and is not targeted at any country or region.
(III) Biosafety
Biosafety has no borders and is related to the life and health of all mankind and the common interests of the world. At present, traditional biosafety and new biosafety risks are superimposed, the risks of misuse and misapplication of new biotechnology are increasing, and the international biosafety situation is more complex. China earnestly fulfills relevant international treaties, deeply participates in global biosafety governance, resolutely opposes biological weapons and their means of delivery and technology proliferation, resolutely combats bioterrorism, and actively promotes the peaceful uses of biotechnology.
Actively implement compliance and non-proliferation responsibilities in the biological field. China has incorporated biosafety into its national security strategy, formulated and implemented the Biosafety Law of the People's Republic of China (《中华人民共和国生物安全法》), and continuously promoted the modernization of the governance system and governance capabilities, and promoted the construction of biosafety mechanisms and capabilities. China has always comprehensively and strictly fulfilled its international obligations, including the Biological Weapons Convention (《禁止生物武器公约》), continuously strengthened the construction of compliance mechanisms, and established a national compliance mechanism composed of institutions such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (外交部), the Ministry of National Defense (国防部), the Ministry of Science and Technology (科技部), the Ministry of Public Security (公安部), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部), the National Health Commission (国家卫生健康委), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院), and designated the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as the national compliance liaison point. China resolutely opposes the proliferation of biological weapons and their means of delivery and technology, and continuously strengthens export controls on dual-use biological items.
Actively lead global biosafety governance. China firmly supports the purposes and objectives of the Biological Weapons Convention (《禁止生物武器公约》), supports comprehensively strengthening the convention mechanism, advocates negotiating and concluding a legally binding protocol containing an effective verification mechanism, enhancing the authority, effectiveness, and universality of the convention, and promoting the convention to play an important role in eliminating biological weapons threats, preventing biological weapons proliferation, and promoting the peaceful uses of biotechnology. Starting from addressing global biosafety challenges, China supports the establishment of global biological arms control and biosafety institutions and strengthens coordination and cooperation among relevant international organizations. Deeply participate in relevant activities of the "United Nations Secretary-General's Investigation Mechanism for Alleged Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons," nominate experts and laboratories to the mechanism, and lead the development of laboratory proficiency testing activities many times. Strengthen dialogue and cooperation with organizations and mechanisms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (上海合作组织), the BRICS cooperation mechanism (金砖合作机制), ASEAN (东盟), and China-Central Asian countries (中国—中亚国家) to broadly build consensus on maintaining global biosafety.
Actively provide international public goods for biosafety. In July 2021, Chinese scientists, together with international colleagues, promoted the achievement of the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for Scientists (《科学家生物安全行为准则天津指南》), which was endorsed by the International Science Council and played a guiding role in implementing responsible biological research and preventing the misuse and misapplication of biotechnology. Actively help developing countries strengthen public health system construction and professional and technical personnel capabilities, and carry out bilateral and multilateral practical cooperation in areas such as infectious disease prevention and control, health emergency response, inspection and quarantine, medical technology, biosafety laboratory management, and animal health and quarantine in the Asia-Pacific, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean regions. Continuing the good tradition of "South-South cooperation," it has held international training courses and seminars on biosafety laboratory management and technology, infectious disease and animal epidemic prevention and control many times, helping developing countries reserve biosafety talents. Comprehensively promote international cooperation in combating infectious disease epidemics and animal epidemics such as the COVID-19 epidemic, actively provide vaccines and anti-epidemic materials, share prevention and control and diagnosis and treatment plans, and share information on infectious diseases and animal epidemics such as the whole genome sequence of the COVID-19 virus, contributing Chinese strength to global epidemic prevention and control.
(IV) Chemical Weapons
The Chemical Weapons Convention (《禁止化学武器公约》) has played an important role in maintaining international and regional peace and security and promoting the peaceful uses of chemical technology. At present, historical legacy problems such as abandoned chemical weapons and aging chemical weapons still exist, hot issues of chemical weapons are difficult to resolve, the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and the safety issues of dual-use chemicals are becoming increasingly prominent, and the peaceful uses of chemical technology have not been fully guaranteed. China has always maintained the authority and effectiveness of the Chemical Weapons Convention (《禁止化学武器公约》), strictly fulfilled its international obligations, deeply participated in the work of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (禁止化学武器组织), worked together to build a "world free of chemical weapons," and promoted the full use of chemical achievements to benefit mankind.
Fulfill the responsibilities and obligations of the Chemical Weapons Convention (《禁止化学武器公约》). China is an original state party to the convention, actively improves national compliance legislation, establishes an inter-ministerial joint conference system for compliance work, and forms a compliance system that covers the whole country and is effectively managed. China submits various declarations on time and is the country with the largest number of declared industrial facilities and the most industrial inspections accepted among the state parties. As of the end of 2024, China has received a total of 701 on-site inspections by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, of which civilian industrial facilities have accepted 508 on-site inspections, making it the first state party to accept more than 500 on-site inspections of civilian industries. In April 2023, China submitted the Position Paper of the People's Republic of China on Industrial Verification Issues to the Fifth Review Conference of the Convention, promoting the establishment of a more scientific, reasonable, and efficient global compliance governance system.
Fulfilling the obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention. China is an original signatory to the convention, actively improving national implementation legislation, establishing an inter-ministerial joint conference system for implementation, and forming a nationwide and effectively managed implementation system. China submits various declarations on time and is the country with the most declared industrial facilities and the most industrial inspections accepted among the states parties. By the end of 2024, China had received a total of 701 on-site inspections by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), including 508 on-site inspections of civilian industrial facilities, making it the first state party to accept more than 500 civilian industrial inspections. In April 2023, China submitted the "Position Paper of the People's Republic of China on Industrial Verification Issues" to the Fifth Review Conference of the Convention, promoting the establishment of a more scientific, reasonable, and efficient global compliance governance system.
Adhering to the Chemical Weapons Convention as the guideline for resolving chemical weapons hotspot issues. China firmly opposes the use of chemical weapons by any country, any organization, or any individual under any circumstances, and supports comprehensive, objective, and fair investigations into incidents of possible use of chemical weapons in accordance with the provisions of the convention, to reach conclusions that can withstand the test of history and facts. It opposes the use of chemical weapons hotspot issues for political manipulation and opposes abandoning the investigation mechanism stipulated in the convention to start anew.
Promoting international cooperation in the peaceful use of chemical science and technology. In recent years, China and the Non-Aligned Movement have promoted the OPCW to adopt several decisions to promote international cooperation in peaceful uses. In May 2023, China and 14 other states parties jointly submitted a working paper on "Promoting International Cooperation for Peaceful Uses under the Framework of the Chemical Weapons Convention" to the Fifth Review Conference of the Convention, elaborating on strengthening the peaceful use of chemical science and technology and removing excessive restrictions on the peaceful use of chemical materials, technologies, and equipment by developing countries. It has held multiple meetings of national implementation agencies for Asian countries, regional implementation seminars, inspector training, international workshops on artificial intelligence enabling chemical safety and security, and advanced international training courses on integrated chemical management in China with the OPCW, assisting states parties in enhancing their implementation capabilities.
Urging Japan to destroy Japanese abandoned chemical weapons (JACW) cleanly and thoroughly as soon as possible. During World War II, the invading Japanese army blatantly violated international law and used chemical weapons extensively in China. There are 1,791 recorded instances with specific times, locations, and casualties, causing more than 200,000 casualties among Chinese military personnel and civilians. After Japan's defeat, in order to cover up its crimes, it abandoned a large number of chemical weapons in Chinese territory. Since the end of World War II, JACW have caused more than 2,000 poisoning casualties, posing a serious threat to the lives and property of the Chinese people and the safety of the ecological environment.
The Chemical Weapons Convention clearly stipulates that the abandoning state should provide all necessary financial, technical, expert, facility, and other resources for the destruction of abandoned chemical weapons. After the convention came into effect, the Chinese and Japanese governments signed memorandums twice in 1999 and 2012 on the destruction of JACW to promote the destruction process. Due to insufficient attention and investment by the Japanese side, the destruction plan has been overdue four times. The Japanese side has not provided comprehensive, detailed, and accurate information on JACW clues, the excavation and recovery progress in some areas is slow, there are still bottlenecks in technologies such as water and underground detection, and the issue of contaminated water and soil treatment remains unresolved.
Eliminating the harm of JACW is not only an historical, political, and legal responsibility that Japan cannot shirk, but also an international obligation stipulated by the Chemical Weapons Convention. China urges Japan to earnestly assume its responsibility, fully, completely, and accurately implement the destruction plan, increase investment in all aspects, fully accelerate the JACW disposal process, fully collect and promptly provide China with relevant information on JACW, actively cooperate with China in doing a good job in clue investigation and confirmation, and earnestly assume responsibility for treating contaminated water and soil. The international community should continue to pay attention to and support the destruction of JACW, and the OPCW should effectively strengthen political review and supervision and verification, eliminate the remaining poison of JACW as soon as possible, and ultimately realize the vision of a "world free of chemical weapons."
(V) Conventional Weapons
At present, regional armed conflicts and turmoil occur frequently, terrorism, extremism, and transnational organized crime remain high, and the illegal transfer of conventional weapons is increasing, seriously affecting international and regional security and stability. China firmly supports the global conventional arms control process, fully participates in relevant mechanisms under the UN framework, and advocates continuously strengthening and improving the international legal mechanisms in the field of conventional arms control on the basis of balancing the legitimate security needs and humanitarian concerns of all countries, and maintaining lasting world peace and universal security.
Fully supports global conventional arms control. China is a full state party to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and its five additional protocols, and has always faithfully fulfilled its relevant obligations. It earnestly implements the UN Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons and the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons, actively carries out international cooperation in the control of small arms and light weapons, and makes active efforts to promote the achievement of a Global Framework for the Through-life Management of Conventional Ammunition. China supports strengthening global gun control, approved the Firearms Protocol in October 2023, actively participates in UN, World Customs Organization, and Interpol operations to combat gun smuggling, and supports African countries in implementing the "Silencing the Guns in Africa" initiative with practical actions. It adheres to submitting reports to the UN Register of Conventional Arms, making positive contributions to strengthening conventional arms control and improving the transparency of conventional arms transfers.
Actively participates in global arms trade governance. China adopts a prudent and responsible attitude towards the arms trade, strictly manages military product exports, and strictly abides by relevant UN Security Council resolutions and its own international obligations. In July 2020, China officially joined the Arms Trade Treaty, earnestly fulfilling its treaty obligations and promoting the establishment of a standardized and reasonable international arms trade order. It formulates and strictly follows the three principles for military product exports, namely, it helps the recipient country's legitimate self-defense capabilities; it does not harm the peace, security, and stability of the relevant region and the world; and it does not interfere in the recipient country's internal affairs. China only conducts military trade cooperation with sovereign states, does not sell weapons to entities not authorized by the government, clearly requires military product recipient countries to provide end-user and end-use certificates, and promises not to transfer military products imported from China to third parties without China's consent.
Strengthening international assistance and cooperation in mine action. China attaches great importance to the humanitarian issues caused by landmines. Since 1998, China has provided training, mine detection and clearance equipment, on-site mine clearance assistance, victim assistance, and humanitarian materials to more than 40 countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and has held nearly 30 international humanitarian mine action training courses. Chinese peacekeeping forces have successfully cleared a large number of landmines and various unexploded ordnance, totaling more than 21,600, in countries such as Lebanon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cambodia, and Liberia, which has been highly praised by the UN and relevant countries. In 2024, China announced the implementation of the "Action to Help Africa Get Rid of Landmines." In the same year, China and ASEAN issued the Joint Statement of the Foreign Ministers of China and ASEAN on Strengthening Humanitarian Mine Action Cooperation, clarifying the direction of future cooperation.
IV. Leading International Security Governance in Emerging Fields
Outer space, cyberspace, artificial intelligence, and other emerging fields are new heights of human development, new focuses of strategic security, and new frontiers of global governance. China advocates, on the basis of universal participation by all countries, giving play to the role of the UN as the main channel, promoting the formation of a global governance system framework and standards and norms for emerging fields with broad consensus, and enhancing the representation and voice of developing countries. All countries should effectively prevent and respond to security risks and challenges in emerging fields and promote the peaceful use of emerging fields. The formulation of discriminatory and exclusive rules, standards, and codes of conduct by individual country groups cannot replace universally accepted international norms, let alone become an excuse for sanctions and suppression of other countries.
(I) Outer Space Security
The lasting peace and security of outer space concerns the security, development, and prosperity of all countries and is in line with the well-being and long-term interests of all mankind. China has always adhered to the peaceful use of outer space, maintained outer space security, firmly safeguarded the international order in outer space based on international law, actively participated in international governance of outer space security, and promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind in outer space. It resolutely opposes offensive outer space military policies, opposes outer space military alliances, opposes the weaponization, battlefieldization, and arms race in outer space, and opposes the use of commercial aerospace to intervene in other countries' armed conflicts or interfere in other countries' internal affairs.
Advocating comprehensive governance of outer space security. Open, inclusive, and universally accepted outer space security rules are the key to promoting outer space security governance. China supports the UN in playing its role as the main platform, adheres to multilateralism and comprehensive and coordinated response, coordinates outer space arms control, peaceful use of outer space, long-term sustainability of outer space, and other aspects, promotes the formation of a comprehensive outer space security governance plan, and safeguards the common rights and interests of all countries in the peaceful use of outer space.
Committed to preventing an arms race in outer space. An arms race in outer space constitutes the greatest and most fundamental threat to outer space security, and preventing an arms race in outer space is an important prerequisite for ensuring the peace, tranquility, and sustainability of outer space. Negotiating and reaching a legal instrument on outer space arms control is the fundamental way to prevent an arms race in outer space. China and Russia submitted a draft treaty on the prevention of the placement of weapons in outer space and of the threat or use of force against outer space objects to the Conference on Disarmament in 2008 and updated it in 2014, promoting negotiations on the basis of this to reach a legal instrument on outer space arms control. In 2017 and 2022, China promoted the establishment of two groups of governmental experts on "Preventing an Arms Race in Outer Space" by the UN, making substantial contributions to the discussion and formulation of a legal instrument on outer space arms control. China advocates building a community with a shared future for mankind in the outer space field, and this proposition has been widely supported by the international community and has been written into relevant resolutions of the UN General Assembly for many consecutive years.
Carrying out transparent and open aerospace activities. China carries out aerospace activities and participates in outer space governance in accordance with the principles of equality, mutual trust, transparency, and openness. Through government white papers on aerospace and defense, information releases from the Ministry of National Defense, and other means, it has repeatedly elaborated on China's peaceful development purpose of aerospace and outer space security policies, and introduced major activities, capability development, and international exchanges and cooperation. It opens up national aerospace infrastructure such as launch sites and satellite assembly, integration, and testing centers to the outside world, earnestly fulfills international obligations such as the registration of space objects, and informs relevant countries and international organizations of aerospace activities, as well as spacecraft re-entry, collision avoidance, and other situations. It constructively participates in the UN Group of Governmental Experts on Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Outer Space Activities and participates in the co-sponsorship of resolutions on Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures in Outer Space Activities at the UN General Assembly every year.
Jointly maintaining peace and security in outer space. China develops aerospace science and technology and promotes the development of the aerospace industry to benefit all mankind. China promotes the construction of military aerospace forces, maintains the security of national outer space activities, personnel, and assets and other interests, improves the ability to safely enter and exit and openly use outer space, and enhances the effectiveness of outer space crisis management and comprehensive governance. China is willing to work with all peace-loving countries to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in outer space security and contribute to maintaining lasting peace and common security in outer space.
(II) Cyberspace Security
At present, network and digital technologies are developing rapidly, profoundly affecting the global economic and security governance landscape. The risks of camp formation, militarization, and fragmentation in cyberspace are prominent, and global cyber threats are intensifying. Cyberspace is a common space for human activities, and the future and destiny of cyberspace should be jointly controlled by all countries in the world. China actively promotes global governance of cyberspace, carries out international exchanges and cooperation in cyberspace, and is a firm advocate of the international rule system in cyberspace, a firm defender of cyber sovereignty and security, and a firm maintainer of peace and stability in cyberspace.
Advocating the building of a community with a shared future in cyberspace. In December 2015, China put forward the important concept of building a community with a shared future in cyberspace, contributing a Chinese solution to the global Internet development and governance. This important concept includes the "four principles" for promoting the reform of the global Internet governance system, namely, "respecting cyber sovereignty, maintaining peace and security, promoting openness and cooperation, and building a good order," and the "five-point proposal" for building a community with a shared future in cyberspace, namely, "accelerating the construction of global network infrastructure and promoting interconnection; building an online cultural exchange and sharing platform and promoting exchanges and mutual learning; promoting innovative development of the network economy and promoting common prosperity; ensuring network security and promoting orderly development; and building an Internet governance system and promoting fairness and justice." China emphasizes that development should be jointly promoted, security should be jointly maintained, governance should be jointly participated in, and achievements should be jointly shared.
Since 2023, China has put forward major initiatives to jointly promote the building of a community with a shared future in cyberspace to a new stage, advocating development priority, shared security and danger, and mutual learning among civilizations, and emphasizing accelerating the promotion of innovative development, secure development, and inclusive development of cyberspace. The important concept of building a community with a shared future in cyberspace has been written into UN General Assembly resolutions many times and has been widely praised and recognized by the international community.
Firmly supports the principle of cyber sovereignty. Cyber sovereignty is a natural extension and application of the principle of sovereign equality established by the UN Charter in cyberspace. China advocates that all countries have jurisdiction over information and communication infrastructure, resources, and data and information and communication activities within their borders, and have the right to protect their information systems and important data from threats, interference, attacks, theft, and destruction; all countries have the right to formulate their own Internet public policies and laws and regulations to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons, and other organizations in cyberspace; all countries have the right to jointly manage and fairly allocate Internet basic resources and establish a multilateral, democratic, and transparent international Internet governance system; and all countries must not use information and communication technologies to spread false information, interfere in other countries' internal affairs, implement "peaceful evolution," incite "color revolutions," or endanger other countries' national security and social stability.
Resolutely safeguards peace and security in cyberspace. The peaceful use of cyberspace is in the common interest of mankind, maintaining cyberspace security is the common responsibility of all countries in the world, and cyberspace should not become a new battlefield for geopolitical conflicts. China opposes "dominating cyberspace" from a position of strength and carrying out large-scale, systematic, and indiscriminate cyber attacks and theft on a global scale; opposes individual countries arbitrarily targeting other countries' critical infrastructure as cyber attack targets, placing global critical infrastructure at great risk; and opposes introducing ideological confrontation and military alliances into cyberspace in the name of "cyber security cooperation," deploying cyber military forces in Asia-Pacific countries and regions, and spreading cyber weapons and systems, increasing the risk of misjudgment and escalation of the situation.
Promoting international cooperation in cyber security. In March 2017, China released its first International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace, advocating peaceful development and win-win cooperation in cyberspace. It carries out bilateral cyber affairs dialogues, exchanges, and cooperation, and has established cyber affairs dialogue mechanisms with Russia, France, Germany, the EU, ASEAN, and others, and expands pragmatic cooperation in the network and digital fields with countries in Central Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. It promotes the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states to jointly issue a head of state statement on information security issues, establish an information security expert group, reach the Agreement between the Governments of the SCO Member States on Cooperation in the Field of Ensuring International Information Security and formulate a cooperation plan. It promotes the achievement of the BRICS Roadmap of Practical Cooperation on Cyber Security and its progress report, and determines cooperation directions such as policy exchanges, emergency response, and law enforcement cooperation.
Leading the construction of an international governance system for cyber security. China supports the establishment of a cyber security process with universal participation by all parties under the UN framework and promotes the formulation and implementation of international rules in cyberspace that are universally accepted by all countries. In September 2011, China, together with Russia and other countries, submitted the International Code of Conduct for Information Security to the UN General Assembly, and promoted the SCO member states to submit an updated version of the code to the UN General Assembly in 2015, which is the first document in the world to comprehensively and systematically elaborate on the norms of conduct in cyberspace. In December 2021, China submitted a position paper to the UN, comprehensively elaborating on China's policy propositions on international rules in cyberspace.
Leading the Construction of the International Cybersecurity Governance System. China supports the establishment of a cybersecurity process with universal participation under the United Nations framework, and promotes the formulation and implementation of universally accepted international rules for cyberspace. In September 2011, China, together with Russia and other countries, submitted the "International Code of Conduct for Information Security" to the United Nations General Assembly, and promoted the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to submit an updated draft of the code to the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. This is the first document in the world to comprehensively and systematically elaborate on the norms of conduct in cyberspace. In December 2021, China submitted a position paper to the United Nations, comprehensively expounding China's policy propositions on international rules in cyberspace.
China actively participates in the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts on Information Security and the Open-ended Working Group, and promotes the achievement of a "Framework for Responsible State Behavior in Cyberspace" on the basis of the "International Code of Conduct for Information Security," clarifying that the United Nations Charter applies to cyberspace, and becoming the only national code of conduct in the field of global emerging technology governance. China advocates that the framework should be fully observed and implemented, and that new global cyber and digital security rules should be formulated and improved according to the situation and technological development. The application of the law of armed conflict to cyberspace should be treated with caution, and new international legal instruments should be formulated through universal participation and discussion when conditions are ripe.
Providing China's Solution for Global Data Security Governance. In September 2020, China proposed the "Global Data Security Initiative," focusing on major issues such as the protection of critical infrastructure and personal information, the storage and retrieval of corporate overseas data, and supply chain security, and put forward constructive solutions, providing a blueprint for the formulation of relevant global rules. In March 2021 and June 2022, China respectively issued the "China-Arab Data Security Cooperation Initiative" and the '"China + Five Central Asian Countries' Data Security Cooperation Initiative" with the League of Arab States and the five Central Asian countries, joining hands in data security governance and shaping the global data security governance system. In November 2024, the "Global Initiative on Data Cross-border Flow Cooperation" was proposed to promote global data cross-border flow cooperation and build an efficient, convenient and secure data cross-border flow mechanism.
Building a Strong Force to Defend Network Sovereignty and Security. China has long been subjected to overseas cyber infiltration, espionage, attacks and sabotage, and its network sovereignty and critical infrastructure are facing complex and severe threats. China promotes the construction of cyberspace forces, develops cybersecurity defense means, builds capabilities such as situational awareness, emergency response, disaster recovery and backup, and traceability and forensics, discovers and resists cyber intrusions in a timely manner, contains and controls cyber crises, deters cyber conflicts, enhances cyber checks and balances, builds a solid network border defense, and will take all necessary measures to respond to cyber attacks against China's critical infrastructure, and resolutely defend national network sovereignty and security.
(III) Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence
The rapid development and widespread application of artificial intelligence technology has profoundly affected human production and life, increased geopolitical variables, and spawned a new round of military revolution. Recent local wars have shown that unmanned combat clusters, intelligent weapon platforms, and intelligent auxiliary systems are spawning major changes in combat styles and methods, which has aroused international concern. China advocates practicing the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind in the field of artificial intelligence, adhering to the principle of giving equal importance to development and security, and ensuring that military applications of artificial intelligence are safe, reliable, and controllable.
Advocating a People-oriented and Intelligent-for-Good Development Concept. China has always believed that military applications of artificial intelligence should not harm the common well-being of all mankind, but should enhance mutual trust between countries, maintain global strategic stability, and prevent an arms race. We should adhere to human leadership. It is people, not weapons, who determine the outcome of war. People are the ultimate responsible subject, ensuring that relevant weapon systems are always under human control and preventing unauthorized actions. Military applications of artificial intelligence should be ensured to comply with international humanitarian law and other applicable international laws.
Advocating the Establishment of an International Governance Framework for Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence. China has put forward the "Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Initiative" and issued the "China's Position Paper on Regulating Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence," advocating that all countries, especially major countries, should develop and use artificial intelligence technology in the military field with a prudent and responsible attitude. China constructively participates in relevant discussions under the United Nations framework, advocates adhering to the principles of multilateralism, openness and inclusiveness, establishing a universally participated international mechanism, and forming a governance framework with broad consensus; opposes drawing lines based on ideology and generalizing the concept of national security, and advocates eliminating artificially created technological barriers to ensure that all countries fully enjoy the rights to technological development and peaceful utilization. China is deeply involved in the work of the Group of Governmental Experts on "Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems" under the framework of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, and promotes the achievement of relevant guiding principles.
Strengthening Risk Prevention and Control of Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence. China does not engage in an artificial intelligence arms race with other countries, and promotes the intelligent development of the military and builds a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics in accordance with the trend of the world military revolution, the objective needs of national security, and the actual construction of national defense and the armed forces. China adheres to the bottom-line thinking and risk awareness, attaches importance to the establishment of a quality control system and risk response mechanism, takes necessary measures to reduce proliferation risks, and strengthens artificial intelligence military ethics and security education.
V. Strengthening International Cooperation on Non-proliferation and Peaceful Use of Science and Technology
The international non-proliferation system has played an important role in preventing and delaying the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, and in maintaining world and regional peace and security. At present, the risks and challenges of the proliferation of nuclear, biological, chemical and other weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery still exist. Technological progress has led to more diversified risks for non-state actors to acquire weapons of mass destruction. Unilateralism and double standards have further risen. The vast number of developing countries are subject to many restrictions on the peaceful use of science and technology. The international community is increasingly calling for strengthening the fairness and rationality of the non-proliferation system. China continues to strengthen its non-proliferation capacity building, actively participates in the international non-proliferation process, promotes international cooperation on the peaceful use of science and technology, and promotes the improvement of global non-proliferation governance.
(I) China's Non-proliferation Policy and Practice
China has always resolutely opposed the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, strictly implemented relevant resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, and fully fulfilled its obligations under the framework of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention, and international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, submitting national reports or establishing confidence-building measures on time, and playing a leading role in international non-proliferation cooperation.
Strengthening the Construction of Export Control System. China has accelerated the improvement of its export control system, established a legal and regulatory system led by the Export Control Law of the People's Republic of China, covering dual-use items and military products, nuclear and other fields such as nuclear, biological, chemical, and guidance, and realized the legalization and standardized management of export control. In December 2024, the Regulations on Export Control of Dual-Use Items and the Export Control List of Dual-Use Items of the People's Republic of China were officially implemented, further improving the effectiveness of export control governance of dual-use items.
Improving Non-proliferation and Export Control Supervision Capabilities. China continues to improve its export control law enforcement mechanism, build a coordinated and effective law enforcement system, and strengthen export control supervision of production, research and development, export, financing and other links in accordance with the law. In accordance with international common practices and its own development needs, China has taken measures such as cross-departmental information exchange, the establishment of expert support teams, and the strengthening of law enforcement team building to investigate and deal with illegal and irregular cases in a timely manner, ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of non-proliferation and export control, and form a strong deterrent. We actively carry out compliance publicity and education for enterprises, research institutions, universities, etc., and constantly strengthen the compliance awareness of the whole society.
(II) Promoting the Construction of a Just, Reasonable and Non-discriminatory International Non-proliferation Order
Maintaining and promoting international and regional peace and security is the fundamental purpose of non-proliferation. China has always advocated that the formulation of non-proliferation-related rules and the construction of mechanisms should fully guarantee and promote the representation and participation of all countries, especially developing countries. China advocates coordinating development and security, balancing the promotion of non-proliferation and international cooperation on peaceful uses, effectively guaranteeing the development rights of developing countries, and enhancing the fairness, rationality and non-discrimination of the international non-proliferation system.
Supporting the United Nations in Playing a Central Role in the Field of Non-proliferation. China actively participates in the work of the United Nations Security Council Committee 1540, supports the effective implementation of Security Council Resolution 1540 at the national, regional and international levels, strengthens domestic management and export control of weapons of mass destruction and related materials and technologies, and prevents and combats the acquisition of sensitive items by non-state actors. China has jointly held four training courses for national contact points in the Asia-Pacific region with the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs and the 1540 Committee in China.
Actively Participating in the Construction of the International Non-proliferation and Export Control System. As a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, China advocates that all work of the Group should aim at strengthening the universality, authority and effectiveness of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and actively participates in the revision and improvement of the Group's control rules and related discussions on the control list. China supports the reasonable demands of developing countries represented by the Non-Aligned Movement, and agrees that universally, comprehensively and non-discriminatory agreements reached through multilateral consultations are the best means to resolve non-proliferation concerns. Based on the above position, China maintains contact with mechanisms such as the Missile Technology Control Regime, the Australia Group, and the Wassenaar Arrangement, and encourages relevant mechanisms to adhere to their technical attributes and fulfill their commitments not to interfere with peaceful uses and normal international trade in related fields, so as to play a constructive role in promoting common security and universal development.
(III) Firmly Safeguarding the Legitimate Right to Peaceful Use of Science and Technology
China attaches importance to the security challenges and proliferation risks brought about by emerging technologies, and at the same time advocates safeguarding the legitimate rights of developing countries to the peaceful use of science and technology, opposing the use of export controls as a tool for "decoupling and breaking chains," and opposing the abuse of export controls and unilateral sanctions under the pretext of maintaining international security and non-proliferation.
In this spirit, in October 2021, China and like-minded countries submitted a draft resolution on "Promoting International Cooperation on Peaceful Uses in the Field of International Security" to the First Committee of the 76th UN General Assembly for the first time, emphasizing that maximizing participation in the exchange and cooperation of science, technology, equipment, and materials for peaceful purposes is an inalienable right granted to all countries by international law, and requiring the lifting of unreasonable restrictions on developing countries. The above resolution received widespread support. Subsequently, the 77th and 79th UN General Assemblies passed the resolution again with high votes. China welcomes all parties to continue to carry out inclusive dialogue and promote the effective implementation of the resolution.
Concluding Remarks
For thousands of years, mankind has been looking forward to lasting peace, but war has never been far away, and the shadow of war has always lingered. Arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation are important barriers to prevent mankind from sliding into the abyss of war. For 80 years, the multilateral arms control system with the United Nations as the core has gradually taken shape and tended to improve, playing a key role in easing conflicts and maintaining peace.
At present, the century-old changes are accelerating, and the trend of the times of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win is irreversible, but the risks of confrontation, conflict, and war are also rising, the characteristics of world turbulence and disorder are becoming increasingly prominent, the multilateral arms control process has fallen into a low ebb, and human society is facing the risk of regressing to the law of the jungle where the weak are prey to the strong.
No matter how the international situation changes, China firmly stands on the right side of history and on the side of human civilization and progress, and is a firm force in maintaining world peace and security. China will practice true multilateralism, fulfill its responsibilities as a major country, unremittingly promote the international arms control process, and inject reliable stability into a turbulent world.
**大道不孤，众行致远** (dà dào bù gū, zhòng xíng zhì yuǎn - "A just cause finds great support," a great road is not lonely if many walk it together; a noble cause will always attract followers). The Chinese path to modernization is a modernization that takes the path of peaceful development, and China's development is the growth of the world's peaceful forces. China is willing to work with all peace-loving countries to advocate an equal and orderly world multi-polarization and an inclusive economic globalization, consolidate and develop the international arms control system with the United Nations as the core, join hands to build a community with a shared future for mankind, and create a better future for mankind!
Appendix 1: Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-proliferation Treaties to which China is a Party
(As of November 2025)
I. Nuclear Field
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
Convention on Nuclear Safety
International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism
Second Additional Protocol to the Treaty of Tlatelolco
Second and Third Protocols to the Treaty of Rarotonga
First and Second Protocols to the Treaty of Pelindaba
Protocol to the Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia
Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof
Agreement between the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in China
Additional Protocol to the Agreement between the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国) and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards in China
II. Biological Field
Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
III. Chemical Field
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction
IV. Conventional Field
Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects and its annexed Protocols I, II, and III
Amended Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices (Amended Protocol II) annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects
Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons (Protocol IV) annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects
Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War (Protocol V) annexed to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects
Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
Arms Trade Treaty
V. Other
Antarctic Treaty
Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies
Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
Appendix 2: Laws and Regulations on Non-proliferation Export Control in China
(As of November 2025)
I. Nuclear Field
Regulations on the Control of Nuclear Materials of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国核材料管制条例)
Regulations on the Control of Nuclear Exports of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国核出口管制条例)
Nuclear Export Control List (核出口管制清单)
Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Nuclear Import and Export and External Nuclear Cooperation Safeguards (核进出口及对外核合作保障监督管理规定)
II. Chemical Field
Regulations on the Administration of Controlled Chemicals of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国监控化学品管理条例)
List of Various Controlled Chemicals (各类监控化学品名录)
Implementation Rules for the Regulations on the Administration of Controlled Chemicals of the People's Republic of China (《中华人民共和国监控化学品管理条例》实施细则)
List of New Varieties Included in Category 3 Controlled Chemicals (列入第三类监控化学品的新增品种清单)
III. Military Product Export Field
Regulations on the Administration of Military Product Exports of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国军品出口管理条例)
List of Military Product Export Administration of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国军品出口管理清单)
IV. Dual-Use Items
Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-Use Items of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例)
V. Other Relevant Laws and Regulations
Export Control Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国出口管制法)
Foreign Trade Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国对外贸易法)
Administrative Penalty Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国行政处罚法)
Customs Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国海关法)
Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国刑法) and its amendments
Note ①: The full names are the "Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems" and the "Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles."
Note ①: Full name: Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Note ②: Full name: Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction.
Note ③: Full name: Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction.
Note ④: Full name: Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects.
Note ⑤: Full name: Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.
Note ⑥: Full name: International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons.
Note ⑦: Full name: Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.
(Xinhua News Agency, Beijing (新华社北京), November 27th)
By: 本报记者 金 歆
The rapid development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and deep synthesis plays a crucial role in accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces and achieving high-quality economic and social development, while also bringing convenience to people's lives. However, some criminals use AI technology to spread false information, disrupt the network ecology, and cause adverse effects.
Taking multiple measures to prevent the abuse of AI technology and promote the healthy development of artificial intelligence is conducive to safeguarding the common interests of society. The "Measures for the Identification of AI-Generated Synthetic Content" identifies and reminds users to identify false information, clarifies the identification responsibilities and obligations of relevant service entities, and standardizes identification behaviors in the production and dissemination stages.
Continuing to Crack Down on the Gray Industrial Chain
One day, Lin (林) was lying in bed scrolling through short videos when an account called "AI Wealth Management Assistant" appeared on the screen. Lin (林) browsed through its homepage and found that the account showed "87,000" followers, but the latest video had less than three-digit likes.
"Formulaic naming, homogeneous content, and abnormal interaction data are characteristics of AI-generated accounts," said Liu Shan (刘珊), head of the content security department of a short video platform. AI-generated accounts have become a means for some self-media to profit by using AI to generate and publish eye-catching content, attract a large number of fans in a short period of time, and then monetize through product placement or direct transfer of the account.
"Using AI to select areas for increasing followers and create a persona that can attract fans, the account content can also be generated through AI," said Yang (杨), a "trainer" who sells "AI account creation courses." On the one hand, it is not limited by the professional knowledge and production skills required to create self-media; on the other hand, it can help accurately attract fans and maintain "persona consistency." In addition, it can also operate multiple accounts simultaneously, forming a matrix, mutually directing traffic, and promoting cooperation.
"Emotional First Aid: How to Prevent Emotional Breakdown During Life's Low Points," "Deep Healing: Seeing Yourself in the Subconscious"... Yang (杨) showed reporters the account page of a "psychology blogger" who had just opened an account. Each title looks professional and directly addresses the psychological needs of specific groups. "Actually, the copywriting is all generated by AI," Yang (杨) said.
False personas, unrigorous content, and exaggerated images, such account creation poses a significant threat to the network space environment.
How to crack down on the behavior of using AI to create accounts?
"The main harm of AI account creation lies in forgery, and the key to governance also lies in this," said Xie Yongjiang (谢永江), executive director of the Internet Governance and Legal Research Center of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (北京邮电大学), "In addition to strengthening law enforcement, platforms should also improve the detection accuracy of deep-forged content and clarify the definition and punishment standards for violations such as AI-generated fake accounts."
The gray industrial chain of "account creation - transformation - resale" is a unique feature of AI account creation compared to other AI forgery phenomena.
"According to the Anti-Telecommunications Network Fraud Law, no unit or individual may illegally buy, sell, lease, or lend Internet accounts," said the head of security operations of an e-commerce platform. All e-commerce platforms have banned account resale. However, some account transactions are still posted through social media and conducted privately using "obscure codes."
"Selling accounts is not only a way to monetize AI account creation, but it is also usually accompanied by illegal and criminal activities such as fraud," said Liang Yingxiu (梁迎修), a professor at the Law School of Beijing Normal University (北京师范大学). He suggested that regulatory authorities urge platforms to fulfill their governance responsibilities, establish a "blacklist" of violating accounts, increase penalties for account entities that frequently and repeatedly violate platform rules, prohibit violating accounts from engaging in commercial activities such as product placement and selling courses, and continue to carry out AI forgery account creation rectification to cut off the illegal gains of criminals.
Effectively Intercepting Imitation Marketing Content
"I have something to ask everyone to help with today... First, take out 300 orders of native eggs from my hometown to give everyone welfare!" Not long ago, on a short video platform, a popular athlete was "promoting agricultural products from his hometown," and the comments were full of "support" and "rushing sales for idols." In fact, these product placement videos were all imitated using AI, and one of the product links showed that 47,000 pieces had been sold.
According to the head of a short video platform, there are several main situations of impersonating well-known people in society: using AI technology to generate images of well-known people in society and using them as account avatars to imitate others; using AI technology to generate videos of well-known people in society without labeling them; imitating fake social celebrity accounts and generating content to gain attention and improperly profit by opening window sales.
How to govern this chaos?
"AI imitates celebrities, which ultimately uses AI to forge. The provisions of the Civil Code on portrait rights and sound rights, as well as other relevant laws and regulations, have made relevant protections. The 'Measures for the Identification of AI-Generated Synthetic Content' puts forward requirements for the identification of AI-generated synthetic content," Liang Yingxiu (梁迎修) believes that the key is to strictly enforce the law and administer justice fairly.
"From the platform's perspective, in addition to consolidating its own responsibilities, it must also link with users to strengthen co-governance," said the relevant person in charge of Tencent (腾讯). When users find short videos that do not have AI-generated identification marks, they can submit relevant materials for complaints. Supplementary explanations approved by the platform will be displayed on the original video page in the form of floating labels.
The relevant person in charge of Douyin (抖音) said that the platform has established a portrait protection library for well-known people in society and is working hard to effectively intercept imitation marketing content.
Establishing a Rumor-Refuting Mechanism Through Multi-Party Collaboration
"Sudden explosion! Blazing flames! Casualties unknown!" A "video news" circulated online, with flames soaring into the sky, causing panic among local people. Later, the public security organs investigated and found that this was fake news generated in batches by the AI used by the organization to which the account belonged. The organization could generate up to 4,000 to 7,000 pieces of fake news a day, with a daily income of more than 10,000 yuan.
Why is fake news made by AI repeatedly banned on the Internet?
The head of content security of a news aggregation platform believes that the efficiency of some platforms' anti-false information mechanisms needs to be improved. The prompt "suspected AI technology generation" only appeared several hours after some accounts released AI-generated pictures and videos on the platform, failing to promptly remind of the risks.
Yang Qingwang (杨清望), deputy dean of the Law School of Central South University (中南大学), believes that platforms should immediately take measures such as cleaning up and labeling relevant rumors based on authoritative information, and dispose of violating accounts.
In recent years, relevant laws and regulations have been continuously improved, clarifying the legal bottom line for AI users and platform managers. Xu Xiaoke (许小可), a professor at the School of Journalism and Communication of Beijing Normal University (北京师范大学), suggested that for high-risk areas of generating and spreading false information, the boundaries of the obligations of all parties can be clarified through judicial interpretations and other forms, and further develop scientific and reasonable guiding standards for the identification of AI infringement liability.
In terms of using technology to combat fake news, regulatory authorities in various places are also constantly exploring. "We closely cooperate with scientific research institutions and enterprises to further improve the monitoring, early warning, and rapid identification capabilities of malicious 'deep forgery' information. Through cooperation with relevant departments to establish a closed-loop mechanism for network rumor patrol monitoring, verification and feedback, consultation and judgment, clue transfer, and crackdown and disposal, we will deal with AI-synthesized false information in accordance with laws and regulations as soon as possible," said the head of the cyber security protection department of the Public Security Bureau of Shenyang City (沈阳市), Liaoning (辽宁).
If losses are suffered due to false information, who should bear the responsibility? Qiao Basheng (乔巴生), a specially-appointed professor at Zhejiang Normal University (浙江师范大学), believes that if the content producer is suspected of fraud, they should bear tort liability; if the platform fails to fulfill its review obligations, it should bear joint and several liability for compensation in accordance with the law. In addition, users should also improve their ability to identify false information.
The head of a short video platform suggested that, first, be vigilant about content characteristics, such as AI-generated text often having logical discontinuities, single emotional expressions, or vague factual details; videos may have unnatural facial expressions, abnormal light and shadow, or distorted sounds. Second, verify the source of information and give priority to authoritative media or official channels. The relevant person in charge of Tencent (腾讯) suggested that when some AI-generated content obviously lacks credibility and has characteristics such as information misleading, users can remind each other through interactive forms such as comments and feedback to the platform in a timely manner through complaints and other forms.
Supervision, platforms, and users work together to co-govern, and jointly build a line of defense for integrity through technical detection, complaint mechanisms, and legal accountability.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 杨 迅
Following the winding path, we arrive at Lixi Village (栗溪村), Jishou City (吉首市), Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (湘西土家族苗族自治州), Hunan Province (湖南省). The farm courtyards are shrouded in mist, and the orange fruits growing on the plants in the yard are full of vitality, occupying the small courtyard to the fullest.
"This is called 'golden bullet,' and its scientific name is *Diospyros cathayensis*," said Shi Heyou (施和友), the leader of rural industrial revitalization in Lixi Village (栗溪村), with a smile on his face. "Don't underestimate their small size, they are 'enriching-the-people fruits'."
Lixi Village (栗溪村) used to be a poor village with inconvenient transportation and a lack of industries. Today, Shi Heyou (施和友) and 68 villagers are engaged in the cultivation of *Diospyros cathayensis*, and their products are very popular in Jiangsu (江苏), Zhejiang (浙江), Shanghai (上海), Sichuan (四川), Chongqing (重庆) and other regions, with an annual output value of more than 20 million yuan.
In order to improve the level of infrastructure, Shi Heyou (施和友) applied for a loan to expand the planting area of *Diospyros cathayensis*. At the same time, he also opened a farm stay, promoting the integrated development of "planting + tourism + experience" to attract foreign tourists to come for leisure and consumption.
In recent years, the Jishou City Branch (吉首市支行) of the Agricultural Bank of China (中国农业银行) has successively provided loan support to 44 growers in Lixi Village (栗溪村) to help develop the courtyard economy. Today, *Diospyros cathayensis* planting has formed an industrial cluster in Lixi Village (栗溪村), with a base industrial park of more than 200 acres, solving employment for more than 3,000 people each year, allowing villagers to achieve employment at their doorstep.
Financial support is like a gurgling stream, nourishing this land of Xiangxi (湘西).
Spreading, withering, kneading, shaping... Zhang Li (张力), a villager in Luoyixi Village (罗依溪村), Guyang Town (古阳镇), Guzhang County (古丈县), opened a tea factory.
The tea factory mainly produces Guzhang Maojian (古丈毛尖) tea. Zhang Li (张力) plants more than 800 acres of tea, which can independently produce about 32,000 kilograms. In addition, he also purchased fresh leaves and finished tea from farmers in 7 surrounding natural villages. The annual sales of the tea factory are about 6 million yuan, which effectively promotes the return of young people to their hometowns for employment.
The capital return cycle for tea is long, and cash payment is required for purchases, so the capital chain is easily interrupted. The Guzhang County Branch (古丈县支行) of the Agricultural Bank of China (中国农业银行) supports tea credit for about 1,200 households, with an amount of about 240 million yuan, which has opened up the capital connection, and the lives of tea farmers are getting better and better.
The prosperity of agriculture has also injected new impetus into the development of cultural tourism. In Xiangxi (湘西), famous scenic spots such as Furong Town (芙蓉镇), Phoenix Ancient City (凤凰古城), and Dehang Miao Village (德夯苗寨) are like pearls scattered in different places. How to string them into a chain?
Xiangxi Furong Town Cultural Tourism Development Co., Ltd. (湘西芙蓉镇文化旅游开发有限公司) has created a tourist distribution center in northwestern Hunan (湘西北旅游集散中心) to integrate and organically divert tourists. Xiang Chaojun (向超君), the relevant person in charge of the company, introduced that in 2025, a loan of 460 million yuan was applied for from the Agricultural Bank of China (中国农业银行) for the quality improvement and renovation of the Furong Town (芙蓉镇) scenic spot, and the construction and improvement of hotels, tourist reception centers, sightseeing car ticket halls, and underground garages and other facilities.
Now, tourists who come to the Furong Town (芙蓉镇) scenic spot can stay in the scenic spot hotel and watch the evening literary and artistic performances. You can also purchase joint tickets for nearby scenic spots and conveniently visit different scenic spots via the distribution center's shuttle bus or tourist bus.
Walking into Furong Town (芙蓉镇), Zhang Chunyan (张春艳) and her husband Qu Zhangxun (瞿章勋), who came here to start a business, opened the first boutique homestay in Furong Town (芙蓉镇). Zhang Chunyan (张春艳) recalled that the operation of the homestay was once difficult. The Agricultural Bank of China (中国农业银行) provided a homestay loan of 300,000 yuan to help them overcome the difficulties. Today, the couple has opened 4 homestays in Furong Town (芙蓉镇). With different characteristics, they attract tourists from all over the world.
Jishou Qia Bi River (吉首恰比河) combines beautiful natural scenery and a long-standing Miao village culture. Walking into the Butterfly Village Boutique Homestay (蝴蝶寨精品民宿), the aroma of tea wafts through the air. In the nearby Miao embroidery base, colorful and delicately stitched Miao embroidery works are spinning in the hands of the embroiderers.
"Through this small world, we hope to show the charm of Miao embroidery to more people and promote the excellent traditional Chinese culture," said Yi Hua (易华), a representative inheritor of Xiangxi Miao embroidery (湘西苗绣代表性传承人).
With dreams in mind, Yi Hua (易华) and her husband opened a homestay with Miao characteristics, and helped embroiderers increase their income by connecting orders. The Xiangxi Branch (湘西分行) of the Agricultural Bank of China (中国农业银行) provided them with a loan of 5.2 million yuan to help explore new models for industrial development.
Since 2009, Yi Hua's (易华) company has held more than 300 Miao embroidery skill training sessions, with a cumulative training of more than 20,000 people; through product orders, it has directly driven more than 2,000 rural women to achieve employment and income increase at their doorstep.
Return to TopThis newspaper Nanjing (南京) November 27th dispatch (Reporter Wang Weijian (王伟健)) On the 27th, the 2025 World Intelligent Manufacturing Conference opened in Nanjing (南京), Jiangsu (江苏).
The conference, themed "Digital Intelligence Driven, New Quality Leading," features one theme conference, one market-oriented exhibition, 12 special events, and 16 concurrent industrial ecosystem events. It showcases the latest achievements in the field of intelligent manufacturing, deeply explores the integration path of technological breakthroughs and industrial transformation, and injects momentum and vitality into the high-quality development of global manufacturing.
As a market-oriented exhibition held concurrently with the conference, the World Intelligent Manufacturing Exposition sets up four pavilions: robotics, smart factories, industrial software and system solutions, and intelligent equipment. It has set up an international exhibition area for the first time, attracting 456 companies from 21 countries and regions to participate. A series of special events will also be held during the exhibition.
Since 2016, the World Intelligent Manufacturing Conference has been held in Nanjing (南京) for nine consecutive sessions, becoming a high-end platform for China's (中国) deep participation in global intelligent manufacturing cooperation and exchange, and an important window to showcase the high-quality development achievements of Jiangsu's (江苏) manufacturing industry.
Return to TopIn recent years, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (文山壮族苗族自治州), Yunnan Province, has closely followed the "3815" strategic development goals of the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee, leading high-quality development with innovation-driven approaches, and delivered a remarkable report card of economic acceleration, ethnic unity, ecological improvement, social stability, and people's happiness.
Focusing on industrial upgrading, comprehensive strength has achieved leapfrog improvement.
Wenshan Prefecture (文山州) insists on taking industry as the foundation of a strong prefecture, leading the construction of economic corridors, ecological corridors, governance corridors, and cultural corridors with high-quality Party building, promoting the deep integration of traditional resource endowments and new development concepts, and achieving both quantitative and qualitative improvement in the regional economy. From 2021 to 2024, the average annual growth rate of Wenshan Prefecture's (文山州) regional GDP was 6.3%. All 8 counties (cities) in the prefecture have achieved full coverage of provincial-level industrial parks, and the total industrial output value of enterprises above designated size has exceeded 130 billion yuan.
Industrial development presents characteristics of clustering, greening, and branding. Green aluminum production capacity reached 3.43 million tons, and the comprehensive output value is expected to exceed 100 billion yuan this year. Wenshan Sanqi (文山三七) was selected into the national advantageous and characteristic industrial cluster, and 6 million-mu (head) level modern agricultural bases were built. The brand influence of "A kind of life called Yunnan·Sanqi Township·Health Preservation Wenshan (有一种叫云南的生活·三七之乡·康养文山)" and "Living in Yunnan·Good in Wenshan (旅居云南·好在文山)" continues to expand. In 2024, the prefecture received 50.045 million tourists, realizing a tourism expenditure of 54.14 billion yuan.
Port economy has become a new growth point. The functions of the three national first-class ports of Tianbao (天保), Dulong (都龙), and Tianpeng (田蓬) continue to improve, forming a "golden durian + silver aluminum" foreign trade "gold and silver combination." In the first three quarters of this year, the prefecture's total foreign trade import and export volume reached 2.96 billion yuan.
Consolidating the foundation for development and building a modern infrastructure system.
Historic breakthroughs have been made in transportation construction. The total mileage of highways in the prefecture is 42,000 kilometers. As a key project of the southwest border railway network, the Wenmeng Railway (文蒙铁路) is 116 kilometers long. After completion, it will greatly improve the transportation pattern in southeastern Yunnan and promote resource development and industrial collaboration along the route. Funing Port (富宁港) will be completed and put into operation simultaneously with the Pinglu Canal (平陆运河) next year, becoming Yunnan's closest golden waterway to the sea, and building a new pattern of opening up "carrying two oceans on its shoulders."
Fruitful results have been achieved in project planning and construction. In 2025, Wenshan Prefecture (文山州) has planned a total of 4,089 projects. Water conservancy facilities have achieved leapfrog development. Dehou Reservoir (德厚水库) has been completed and put into operation. As of 2024, the prefecture has added a reservoir capacity of 220 million cubic meters. The energy security capacity has been significantly enhanced. As of now, the total installed capacity of power stations in operation has reached 6.74 million kilowatts. The construction of new infrastructure is being promoted simultaneously. More than 10,000 5G base stations have been built, and 5G networks have achieved full coverage of townships, administrative villages, and border villages.
Adhering to co-construction and sharing, enhancing the people's sense of gain and happiness.
Wenshan Prefecture (文山州) innovatively implemented the special action of "Going Deep into the Grassroots, Contacting the Masses, and Helping Enterprises (深入基层、联系群众、帮扶企业)" and the publicity and education of "Drinking Water and Thinking of the Source, Getting Rich and Thinking of Progress (饮水思源 致富思进)," promoting the benefits of development to the broad masses of the people. The employment service system continues to improve. By building flexible job markets (stations), "Happiness Lane (幸福里)" communities, and employment assistance workshops, 470,000 people have achieved local employment within the county. Innovative and heart-warming measures such as Hope Bathhouses, Children's Homes, Township Swimming Pools, and Happiness Canteens have been launched to achieve precise care for the "old and young" groups. In 2021, Wenshan Prefecture (文山州) successfully created a National Model Prefecture for Ethnic Unity and Progress (全国民族团结进步示范州).
Learning and applying the experience of the "Thousand Villages Demonstration, Ten Thousand Villages Renovation (千万工程)" project, innovating practices such as "Village-level Co-construction Council (村级共建理事会)" and "Two Lists (两张清单)," the treatment rate of rural domestic sewage reached 72.82%, and the coverage rate of rural sanitary toilets reached 78.35%. We will make every effort to run good schools and hospitals at the doorsteps of the people. All 8 counties (cities) have achieved basic balance in county compulsory education, and all hospitals have reached the second-level or above standard. We will carry out the patriotic health "7 special actions (7个专项行动)" in depth, and Wenshan City (文山市) has been created as a National Civilized City (全国文明城市).
Guarding green waters and green mountains, depicting a new picture of ecological civilization.
Wenshan Prefecture (文山州) unswervingly follows the path of ecological priority and green development. Xichou County (西畴县) has been created as a national "Green Waters and Green Mountains are Golden Mountains and Silver Mountains (绿水青山就是金山银山)" practice and innovation base, Maguan County (马关县) has been created as a national ecological civilization construction demonstration area, and the "Six Sons Passing the Imperial Examination (六子登科)" rocky desertification management experience has won the "Fifth Global Poverty Reduction Cases Solicitation Activity" best poverty reduction case.
The prefecture's air quality excellence rate has remained above 99.2% for three consecutive years, and the proportion of excellent water quality in 27 national and provincial controlled surface water sections has reached 100% for two consecutive years. The construction of Green and Beautiful Wenshan (绿美文山) is being steadily promoted, with a cumulative greening of 15.06 million square meters, the construction of more than 190 kilometers of healthy greenways and more than 190 pocket parks, and the creation of 46,000 beautiful courtyards and 184,000 small gardens, small vegetable gardens, small orchards, and small parks.
From industrial transformation to infrastructure upgrading, from improving people's livelihoods to ecological protection, Wenshan Prefecture (文山州) has written a vivid chapter of high-quality development with innovative practices. Standing at a new historical starting point, Wenshan Prefecture (文山州) is moving forward with a more high-spirited attitude towards the goal of building a vibrant and modern innovative city.
Data source: Publicity Department of the CPC Wenshan Prefecture Committee (中共文山州委宣传部)
Wenshan Prefecture (文山州) Rong Media Center (文山州融媒体中心)
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 白剑峰
General Secretary Xi Jinping (习近平) pointed out: "The prevention and treatment of AIDS is a complex medical problem, as well as an urgent issue concerning people's livelihood and a social problem, requiring the participation of all people, full investment, and comprehensive prevention."
December 1st this year is the 38th World AIDS Day, with the theme "Social Co-Governance, Upholding Integrity and Innovation, Ending AIDS." In recent years, China's AIDS prevention and treatment efforts have made positive progress, and the overall epidemic is at a low prevalence level. However, it must also be recognized that China's AIDS prevention and treatment situation remains severe, the social factors affecting the epidemic are complex and intertwined, and the prevention and treatment tasks are very arduous.
Recently, reporters came to the Red Ribbon School in Linfen, Shanxi (山西临汾红丝带学校) to record the living conditions and growth experiences of a group of children with AIDS, in order to awaken people's care for this special group and enhance confidence in ending AIDS.
——Editor
Early winter, golden sunlight shines on the loess land. Along a country path, through a field of green wheat, lies the Red Ribbon School in Linfen, Shanxi (山西临汾红丝带学校).
This school is located in Dongli Village (东里村), Xiandi Town (县底镇), Yaodu District (尧都区), Linfen City (临汾市), Shanxi Province (山西省), covering an area of 90 acres, adjacent to a cemetery, with no inhabitants within two kilometers, like an isolated island.
A special group of children lives here. All children are infected with the AIDS virus at birth. The vast majority of them are orphans who have lost both parents, and some were abandoned by their parents from an early age.
This is the only full-time school in the country that specializes in admitting children with AIDS. Currently, there are 3 primary school classes and 2 junior high school classes, with a total of 46 children studying at the school. The school is also responsible for managing 16 students studying outside the school, bearing their tuition fees and living expenses, including 10 high school students, 5 college students, and 1 doctoral student.
Over the past 21 years, a total of 127 children with AIDS from 14 provinces have been admitted here. Currently, 65 people have joined the workforce. Some have married and started families, and given birth to healthy babies through mother-to-child blocking technology, ending the intergenerational transmission of AIDS.
On this "AIDS isolated island," Guo Xiaoping (郭小平), the founder of the Linfen Red Ribbon School (临汾红丝带学校), and his team have stayed and watched over batches of children with AIDS, making their lives more confident and dignified.
"Taking medicine every day is a battle. Only by enduring the temporary pain now can we solve the permanent pain in the future."
At 12 noon, as soon as the class bell rang, the children rushed out of the classroom.
On the dining table, a large pot of stewed potatoes with ribs steamed, the aroma was tempting. However, the children were not in a hurry to eat, but went straight to the medication room.
On a long table, a row of medicine boxes was neatly arranged, each with a name written on it. The children took their medicine in turn, and then signed on the registration form. Sometimes, the teacher would ask a child to open their mouth to see if they were hiding medicine under their tongue. Two new children could not swallow the pills, so they had to chew them into crumbs first, and then wash them down with water. It took five or six minutes to take one pill.
Taking medicine on time at 12 noon is an unshakeable "iron law." For children with AIDS, taking medicine is more important than eating.
"If you want to live, you have to take medicine!"
"Medicine is your life!"
Occasionally, teachers would also get angry and scold individual children who did not take their medicine well. In the past, some children pretended to take medicine, but secretly hid the medicine or threw it into the grass. When the teacher found out, they would always criticize severely.
"Taking medicine every day is a battle. Only by enduring the temporary pain now can we solve the permanent pain in the future." Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) once wrote such a feeling in his WeChat Moments.
AIDS patients must take antiviral drugs on time, and cannot stop for a day. If it is intermittent, once drug resistance develops, all previous efforts will be wasted. To this end, the school arranges for children to undergo viral load and immunity tests every 3 months. Currently, the AIDS virus load of all children is 0, and the key indicator for assessing immunity - CD4 cells - is also within the normal range. This shows that they have successfully suppressed the replication of the AIDS virus in the body, and the viral load has dropped to an undetectable level, with an extremely low risk of transmission. However, this does not mean the end of AIDS. For example, some children go home to visit relatives during winter and summer vacations and cannot take medicine on time, and they will be "exposed" after returning - the viral load soars and CD4 cells drop sharply.
"Over the years, not a single child has died, which in itself is a miracle. If no one cares, who can guarantee that they are still alive? Now, the only difference between them and normal children is that they take one more pill every day," said Guo Xiaoping (郭小平).
For children with AIDS, it is easiest to catch a cold in autumn and winter. One year, 25 children caught a cold and developed pneumonia at the same time and were hospitalized. Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) took the teachers to the hospital to accompany them for more than 10 days.
Later, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) made a special trip to Beijing (北京) to visit a famous veteran Chinese medicine doctor, and formulated a Chinese medicine prescription, a total of 26 Chinese medicines, whose main function is to improve immunity. In the autumn of 2023, the school bought 3 copper pots specifically for decocting medicinal plasters. Every year from late October, the campus is filled with the smell of Chinese medicine. Decoction is a technical job and also a physical job. From soaking, decocting, filtering to collecting the plaster, it takes about two or three days. Especially in the final stage of collecting the plaster, it is necessary to continuously stir the pot for several hours, otherwise it will burn the pot and all previous efforts will be wasted.
Guo Rujun (郭如君) is Guo Xiaoping's (郭小平) daughter, 30 years old this year. After graduating from university in 2017, she was invited by her father to work at the school. In the smoky Chinese medicine room, she stayed for several days without complaint. "I played in the hospital since I was a child, and grew up with these children. Seeing that the school was short of people and my father was worried all day long, I felt a little distressed and wanted to come and help him," said Guo Rujun (郭如君).
In addition to decocting medicine, Guo Rujun (郭如君) is also responsible for supervising the children to take medicine. Take Western medicine before lunch and Chinese medicine after lunch. After lunch, the children came to the pharmacy one after another, and each scooped a spoonful of thick plaster from the porcelain jar and slowly melted it in their mouths. This is their unique after-dinner "dessert."
"The plaster tastes good. I added a lot of red dates to flavor it. The children eat it from autumn until the beginning of spring. In the past few years, the number of colds and fevers has been greatly reduced," Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) said with satisfaction.
"At that time, I didn't know how many days the children could live. I set up a 'Love Small Classroom' just to let the children experience the feeling of going to school."
Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) is 62 years old this year. He retired in March 2023 and resigned from the position of principal of the Linfen Red Ribbon School (临汾红丝带学校). But he still has an important identity - the guardian of all the children at the school.
In 2003, the Linfen City Infectious Disease Hospital (临汾市传染病医院) set up a SARS isolation ward in Dongli Village (东里村). After SARS, the ward was idle. In July 2004, it was changed to an AIDS ward, which was named "Green Harbor" by Guo Xiaoping (郭小平), then the president of the hospital. In September, the ward welcomed its first child with AIDS - Miao Miao (苗苗). The 5-year-old child was thin and small, with his head drooping. After examination, he had severe infections in his lungs and intestines and was already in the late stage of AIDS. The doctor said that the child would live for a maximum of two years. However, Miao Miao (苗苗) was lucky. Not only did he survive, but he also went to university as he wished. Now, he and several classmates have started a cross-border e-commerce company in Taiyuan (太原), and the benefits are not bad.
Cui Cui (翠翠) was the second child with AIDS admitted to the ward. At that time, she was only 7 years old. When she arrived at the hospital, she had a persistent high fever, and the doctor issued two critical illness notices.
Cui Cui (翠翠) had attended the first grade of primary school in the village. Her classmates called her "Little AIDS." Some avoided her, some insulted her, and some spat on her. In order not to affect the learning of other children, the teacher moved her desk to the corner of the last row. In such an environment, she was often mentally trance and had to drop out of school and go home.
One day, Cui Cui (翠翠) cried in the ward and said: "I want to go to school!" In order to comfort her, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) went to the second-hand market and spent seven or eight yuan to buy an old desk and put it in Cui Cui's (翠翠) ward. Since then, Cui Cui (翠翠) has been "going to school" in the ward. This small desk is the prototype of the Red Ribbon School (红丝带学校).
Later, "Green Harbor" successively admitted many AIDS orphans who had never attended kindergarten or school. In order not to let the children become "illiterate," Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) decided to vacate a ward and transform it into a classroom so that they could study while receiving treatment.
In July 2005, the "Love Small Classroom" in the ward was born. A small blackboard with a missing corner, five or six tables, and the children, regardless of their size, attended classes together. Medical staff were "temporary teachers." Whoever was off work and had time would come to teach. Whatever they thought of, they would teach. A shout was the class bell.
Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) recalled: "At that time, I didn't know how many days the children could live. I set up a 'Love Small Classroom' just to let the children experience the feeling of going to school. The later things were all forced out step by step."
"Others say that I have a sense of social responsibility. Can raising your own children be called a sense of social responsibility? That's just a 'feeling'."
Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) remembers that when a mother with AIDS died in the hospital, she kept holding her child's hand. "She pulled the child's hand hard in front of me, and I knew what it meant. I took the child's hand from her hand, pulled the child out, and didn't want the child to watch his mother die. After a while, the nurse came out and told me that she was gone."
Taking the child from the mother's hand, Guo Xiaoping's (郭小平) hand had nowhere to rest. As the number of children in the ward increased, a "Love Small Classroom" could no longer fit.
In September 2006, the hospital built a row of simple bungalows. Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) handwritten a "Red Ribbon Primary School" sign and hung it at the door. However, this school had no establishment, no funding, and no status. In addition to relying on hospital donations, it also had to "beg" everywhere.
At that time, recruiting teachers became Guo Xiaoping's (郭小平) biggest headache. Many people shook their heads when they heard that they were teaching children with AIDS, and would not come no matter how much money they were given. When the school's doors and windows were broken, they asked workers to come to repair them. As a result, when the workers learned that the students here were AIDS patients, they ran away without even asking for wages.
"It's not that we are recruiting teachers, it's that teachers are choosing us. As long as they come, it's fine. As long as they can write a few words on the blackboard and don't make too many mistakes in math problems," said Guo Xiaoping (郭小平). "The longest time a teacher stayed was more than a year, because she was getting married, and the other party said: 'If you work there, we will break up.' There was no way, this teacher also left."
At the end of 2007, the school finally had 2 substitute teachers and 3 life teachers, including 1 person infected with the AIDS virus. The school did not have free textbooks and could only ask people to buy them everywhere. Sometimes they bought textbooks, but they could not buy workbooks, supplementary books, etc., so they could only patch them together. What made the teachers most ashamed was that the children had never seen what an "exam paper" looked like.
A hospital running a school? Unheard of! Guo Xiaoping's (郭小平) approach caused huge controversy.
"The hospital is carrying such a big burden, who will bear this expense?"
"You have labeled the children, which is discrimination in itself!"
…………
Faced with various questions, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) knew clearly in his heart that this was the best and only way he could think of to protect the children. "The children have no parents, are you going to throw them away? Throwing them out is just waiting to die. Isn't every child a life? They are standing on the edge of a cliff, can you just watch and do nothing?" Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) argued reasonably.
On December 1, 2011, with the support of the Linfen Municipal Party Committee (临汾市委) and the Municipal Government (市政府), the school was included in the national compulsory education system and renamed "Linfen Red Ribbon School (临汾红丝带学校)." Since then, the school has had a formal establishment, and teachers' salaries are paid by the finance department.
In 2013 and 2015, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) successively resigned from the positions of president of Linfen City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (临汾市中医医院) and president of Linfen City Infectious Disease Hospital (临汾市传染病医院), only retaining the position of principal of Linfen Red Ribbon School (临汾红丝带学校). He said: "The hospital does not lack a president, but the school lacks a principal and a parent."
In September 2014, 16 children successfully entered high school. In June 2017, Linfen City (临汾市) specially set up standardized examination rooms here, which was also the first time in China that a separate college entrance examination room was set up for people infected with the AIDS virus. That year, 16 people took the college entrance examination, and 15 were admitted to undergraduate or junior college.
In those years, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) lived and ate at the school, working from morning to night, accompanying the children to prepare for the college entrance examination.
On New Year's Day in 2017, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) received a New Year's gift. It was a poem written by the children at the party: "...We look forward to this day, and we are more afraid of this day. We are afraid that we will never have such an opportunity again. Please allow us to call you 'Dad'. I love you!"
Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) couldn't help crying that day. He had never agreed to that "Dad." He said to the children: "Although your parents have passed away, you must remember that you have parents. I am older than your parents, just call me uncle."
In the eyes of the children, Uncle Guo (郭伯伯) is the closest person. "Others say that I have a sense of social responsibility. Can raising your own children be called a sense of social responsibility? That's just a 'feeling'," said Guo Xiaoping (郭小平).
"My role is different now, from a 'person who is cared for by others' to a 'person who gives care to others'."
"Can I get married when I grow up? Can I have children?" Many years ago, a little girl quietly asked the teacher. Faced with the precocious child, the teacher was shocked. Can AIDS patients have a happy family like ordinary people? No one can answer.
Now, time has given the answer. Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) said: "We have 3 couples who are married, and the other half are infected. There are also people who are dating, and the other party is not infected. They all know each other, and they have been together without getting married. There are two couples who have healthy children, one is more than 7 years old and the other is more than 1 year old. Now the mother-to-child blocking technology is very mature, even if both parents are infected, the next generation can avoid infection."
Cui Cui (翠翠) never dreamed that she could get married. That day, she was wearing a Chinese wedding dress, embroidered shoes, with her loving groom by her side and her caring Uncle Guo (郭伯伯) behind her.
On May 26, 2023, Cui Cui (翠翠) held a grand wedding at the Linfen Red Ribbon School (临汾红丝带学校). That day was the day she carefully selected - "International AIDS Anti-Discrimination Lunch Day."
On May 26, 2012, at the initiative of Guo Xiaoping (郭小平), the Red Ribbon School (红丝带学校) initiated and held the first "International AIDS Anti-Discrimination Lunch Day" event, inviting people from all walks of life to have lunch with AIDS patients. Today, more than 100 countries and regions around the world hold events on this day.
The groom, Xiao Fan (小凡), is Cui Cui's (翠翠) classmate and also a person infected with the AIDS virus. Before the wedding, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平), in the capacity of Cui Cui's (翠翠) parent, sent bedding to the newlyweds according to local customs. At the wedding, the newlyweds offered tea to their parents. Holding up the teacup, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) cried, just like his own daughter was getting married. Several tables of banquets were set up that day, filled with guests, and many temporary guests stood in the hall.
In the summer vacation of 2017, Cui Cui (翠翠) and her classmates were preparing to go to college. Before leaving, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) gave them the last lesson, mainly teaching them how to change medicine bottles and how to get along with roommates.
"Let AIDS stop with you. Don't hurt others, don't hurt society, this is the bottom line," Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) repeatedly urged.
Not long after entering school, Cui Cui's (翠翠) "identity" was exposed. One day, she happened to be out, and her roommate helped her fold the quilt and inadvertently found the medicine bottle without changing the packaging next to her pillow.
When Cui Cui (翠翠) came back, she saw her tidy bed and knew that she couldn't hide it. She said to her roommate: "If one day, you find out that I am an AIDS patient, will you still be nice to me?" Before she finished speaking, her roommate hugged her and cried. Cui Cui (翠翠) confirmed her judgment.
In the days that followed, nothing seemed to have happened, and her roommates were as good to her as ever. One roommate bought a sweet cone ice cream and let each roommate lick it. Cui Cui (翠翠) had a psychological burden and didn't want to eat it, so they "forced" her to lick it.
Near graduation, Cui Cui (翠翠) decided to tell her roommates that she was infected. She brought test strips and asked everyone to test it. The results were all negative. One roommate said: "Actually, we knew you were infected a long time ago." This made Cui Cui (翠翠) both surprised and moved.
Cui Cui remembered her childhood. At that time, she went to the store to buy candy, and the owner was afraid that the money she handed over had viruses, so he put the candy on the counter and didn't want the money. In her memory, almost no one dared to eat food from AIDS patients. The only exception was Uncle Guo (郭伯伯), who not only picked food for her but also picked food from her bowl to eat. Now, her roommates don't dislike her either.
In 2020, after graduating from university, Cui Cui applied for a job at an artificial intelligence company in Taiyuan (太原). One day in 2022, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) called her and asked if she wanted to go back to school to work. Cui Cui asked, "What can I do if I go back?" Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) said, "Come back and help the younger brothers and sisters!" So, Cui Cui resigned and returned to the school, becoming a staff member.
"My current role is different, from a 'person being cared for' to a 'person giving care'," Cui Cui said.
"The children hug you as soon as they see you, rubbing against you, the feeling of happiness is indescribable."
From a desk to a school, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) turned his black hair into white hair, finally waiting for a "successor."
In October 2024, Wang Xia (王霞), head nurse of Linfen (临汾) Infectious Disease Hospital, was appointed principal of the Red Ribbon School (红丝带学校). Wang Xia (王霞) is 44 years old this year, and the children all call her "Sister." In 2000, after graduating, she went to Linfen (临汾) Infectious Disease Hospital as a nurse. In 2004, she came to work at "Green Harbor" and spent several years with the first group of children with AIDS. When the "Love Small Classroom" started in 2005, she also taught the children. Now, she is back with the children again.
When Wang Xia (王霞) sees the children, she always takes the initiative to hug them and hold their hands. Because the children have lacked love since they were young, they especially crave the feeling of being hugged and held. During holidays, the school also organizes children to travel and see the outside world. At the dinner table, Wang Xia (王霞) always picks food for the children and vice versa. Some children see something delicious and pick it up with their chopsticks to feed her. She doesn't mind and looks like she is enjoying it.
Although Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) has retired, his heart is still with the children, and he goes to the school every week to take a look. One child has congenital heart disease, and many hospitals do not perform surgery on AIDS patients. Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) ran around and found experts at Linfen (临汾) Central Hospital to perform the surgery; one child had severe oral ulcers, and a hole rotted in her face. Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) personally took her to Beijing Ditan Hospital (北京地坛医院) for surgery and stayed in a simple small hotel for more than half a month...
This is both a campus and a big family. Although the children have lost their parents, they have met more relatives.
"Dumplings are ready, pork and chives filling!" At 12 noon, steaming dumplings came out of the pot. Aunt Guo (郭阿姨) wore an apron, shouting while serving dumplings to the children. Aunt Guo (郭阿姨) is the leader of a social welfare organization in Linfen (临汾). She and the volunteers come to the school to make dumplings once a month and have persisted for 11 years.
Lao Li (老李) is the school's chef, and the children all call him "Uncle Li (李叔)," and he is also an HIV-infected person. At the end of 2007, his wife died of HIV infection due to blood transfusion, leaving behind an 8-year-old boy. When the father and son went to the hospital for testing, they were both infected. At first, they were treated in the hospital together. Later, his son went to school here, and Lao Li (老李) stayed in the kitchen to cook. Now that his son has graduated from college and found a job, he never wants to leave here again.
Teacher Yang (杨老师) used to be a nurse and was infected with HIV due to blood transfusion. Now she is a life teacher. She lives in the same dormitory area as the children and spends the most time with them. Usually, she is responsible for the children's daily life, including changing underwear, cutting nails, and bathing. If any child is sick, she will take care of them like a mother.
"How much heart you put into them, they will give you back. The children hug you as soon as they see you, rubbing against you, the feeling of happiness is indescribable," said Guo Xiaoping (郭小平).
What is the future of Linfen Red Ribbon School (临汾红丝带学校)? Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) said: "I hope the school will 'clear' and close as soon as possible. In the future, children with AIDS can go to ordinary schools to study, and the next generation will have no infected people, and I can retire completely."
Under the sun, the boundless wheat fields are green,孕育着无限的生机和希望……
Reporter's Notes
Care is the Best Medicine
Seventeen years ago, the reporter went to "Green Harbor" in Linfen (临汾), Shanxi (山西) to interview and wrote a newsletter entitled "Mom, Don't Cry for Me."
At that time, Guo Xiaoping (郭小平) was full of worries about the future: "Where will the children go after finishing elementary school? Which middle school will open its doors for them? Facing the real society, can they learn to survive? In the employment competition, what are their skills?"
Today, this series of question marks has finally been straightened out. Guo Xiaoping's (郭小平) team spent 21 years completing an unprecedented "social experiment." Batches of children with AIDS have grown up healthily and become useful talents for society. Facts have proved that children with AIDS can also study, work, marry, and have children like ordinary people, and have a happy and complete life. Linfen Red Ribbon School (临汾红丝带学校) has explored a path for the healthy growth of children with AIDS and has set an example for AIDS prevention and control in China.
With love in the world, the "isolated island" is not isolated. Although the children with AIDS here have lost their complete small families, they have a warmer big family. To end AIDS, care is the best medicine. Only by creating a good "microclimate" can we ultimately change the "macroclimate." In a society full of friendship, I believe that every AIDS patient can live a brilliant life.
Return to TopBy: 本报记者 常 钦 张 文 张丹华
Xi Jinping (习近平), General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, emphasized that rural civilization is an urgent task for rural revitalization, and it is necessary to promote the high-quality development of spiritual civilization so that agricultural civilization and urban civilization complement each other.
When wedding invitations with "zero bride price" deliver simple blessings, when sleeping ancient cave dwellings regain vitality in light and shadow, when the whistle of "Village BA" pierces the quiet rural night sky—new pictures of civilized rural customs are slowly unfolding on the land of China. In recent years, various regions and departments have been problem-oriented and people-centered, cultivating civilized rural customs, good family traditions, and simple folk customs, and a series of vivid practices full of earthy fragrance and the atmosphere of the times have emerged, and the vast countryside has been rejuvenated with a new look of civilization.
—Editor
Marrying off a daughter with "Zero Bride Price" is "Most Honorable"
A Profound Change Regarding "Face" and "Substance"
"A couple with hearts close together is better than ten thousand taels of gold in bride price..." In the village activity room of Xinhuaqiao Village, Guzhen Town, Litong District, Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (宁夏回族自治区吴忠市利通区古城镇新华桥村), Min Guifang's clapper talk is crisp and loud. She is not a professional actress, but a member of the village's wedding and funeral council, and has an even more resounding title—captain of the "New Matchmaker" volunteer service team.
"When there are people in the village planning to hold weddings, I will go and talk to them about the examples of 'zero bride price' and 'low bride price'." Min Guifang's "talk" is not rigid preaching, but casual conversation and detailed calculations.
In the past, high bride prices were a huge mountain weighing on the heads of many rural families. During interviews in rural areas, I have heard many sighs of "marrying a wife empties three families," and in some rural areas, there has even been a phenomenon of "poverty caused by marriage." "At that time, everyone looked at the bride price, not just as a matter of money, but more as a matter of 'face'," said Min Guifang. Under the atmosphere of mutual comparison and extravagant handling of weddings, the bride price "rose with the tide" and became "shackles of human relationships."
How to move this "mountain" away? Ningxia (宁夏) faced the pain points directly and launched a battle to change customs and habits. The "bull nose" they seized was village autonomy.
The story of Li Dingpeng (李丁朋), a villager in Xinhuaqiao Village, simplifying his wedding is the best footnote. "At first, I was worried that being laughed at for having a zero bride price." Li Dingpeng spoke the concerns of many people. But after repeated persuasion from "new matchmakers" like Min Guifang, Lao Li changed his mind. He not only married off his daughter with "zero bride price," but also responded to the call and did not hold a "farewell banquet."
Seeing his daughter and son-in-law start a small shop, transfer land to grow corn, and live a prosperous life, Lao Li sincerely sighed: "Marrying off a daughter with a low or zero bride price is the most honorable! As long as both parties are of one mind, they can still live a good life."
In the past two years, low and zero bride prices have become the majority in marriages in rural areas of Ningxia (宁夏), the average bride price has decreased significantly, and the momentum of mutual comparison and continuous increase in rural bride prices has been initially curbed.
From "afraid of losing face" to "most honorable," behind the change in concept is a complete set of precise institutional design "combination punches"—
Organizational leadership, turning "soft constraints" into "hard rules." Give full play to the role of village rules and regulations, villagers' councils, wedding and funeral councils, and moral evaluation councils. Cities and counties have introduced policies to absorb party members and village cadres who are highly respected and fair in handling affairs, clarify the standards for weddings and funerals, and "manage" with a basis and a grip through early intervention, assistance during the event, and post-event summary.
Positive incentives, "new trends" also have "benefits." Shizuishan City (石嘴山市) issues "Rural Wedding Customs New Style Glory Certificates" to newlyweds; Zhongning County (中宁县), Zhongwei City (中卫市), surveys young people of marriageable age and forms a team of persuaders; various places give inclination to families that implement "zero bride price" and "low bride price" in terms of entrepreneurial support, agricultural subsidies, and women's care. Wang Yongfeng (王勇丰) in Yongning County (永宁县), Yinchuan City (银川市), married off two daughters, and the bride price was within 20,000 yuan. "There are subsidies for agricultural materials, rent reductions, and support for entrepreneurship... The bride price is low, but there is no 'loss' at all, and it adds glory to the face!"
Position guarantee, "new customs" have "support." In order to solve the problem of "difficult to find venues and easy to disturb the people" for weddings and funerals, Ningxia (宁夏) has built folk service centers, halls for changing customs and habits, etc. Xu Jianhua (许建华), secretary of the Xuqiao Central Village (许桥中心村) branch of the Lijun Town (李俊镇), Yongning County (永宁县), introduced that the service center is jointly built by the village and town to provide villagers with venues for weddings and funerals, which is both economical and convenient for the people.
In September of this year, the Office of the Central Rural Work Leading Group held an experience exchange meeting on the comprehensive treatment of high bride price problems in rural areas of some provinces in Wuzhong City (吴忠市). The "Ningxia Model" has received widespread attention and provided a reference for the national governance of high bride price and other issues. In recent years, various regions and departments have improved mechanisms, innovated measures, and consolidated responsibilities, and have done a lot of work in rectifying high bride prices in rural areas, and have achieved positive results. An atmosphere of the whole society jointly resisting high bride prices is forming.
For civilized rural customs, changing customs and habits is the key. Changing customs and habits in rural areas focuses on unremitting efforts, and finding practical ways to promote them with a combination of gentleness and firmness. The "gentle" is the gentle breeze and rain of "Min Guifangs (闵桂芳们)" and the exemplary leadership of typical examples around them; the "firm" is the institutional constraints of village rules and regulations and the clear guidance of government incentives. When weddings and funerals in rural areas are handled in a more civilized and economical way in the process of changing customs and habits, the psychological and economic burden of the masses will be greatly reduced and they will get tangible benefits.
Ancient Cave Dwellings Grow "New Economy"
A Dialectical Answer Sheet on "Protection and Development"
Qingpingchuan (青平川), where Zhenjiawan Village (甄家湾村), Yanchuan County (延川县), Yan'an City (延安市), Shaanxi Province (陕西省), is located, is described by writer Shi Tiesheng (史铁生) as "all yellow mountains or yellow mountain ridges, stretching endlessly." Today, standing on this yellow land, what you see is a different scene: in front of the ancient cave dwelling complex, the crew is filming intensely; Zhang Haifang (张海芳), a villager in her late forties, is playing herself in costume, and does not forget to share "daily life on the set" on Douyin during breaks.
Yan'an (延安) has 12 national-level traditional villages, 8 of which are in Yanchuan County (延川县), and Zhenjiawan Village (甄家湾村) is one of them. In this village with a history of more than 750 years and the largest ancient cave dwelling complex in northern Shaanxi (陕北), a dialectical drama of "protection and development" is being staged: in the tide of modernization, how to place those "unreturnable nostalgia"?
Yanchuan's (延川) answer is: in the strictest protection, find the highest level of "revitalization." What the local area has cracked is the "dilemma paradox" of "protection cannot be developed, and development will destroy." The "secret" is hidden in three words—"local experts." "It is difficult to leave the homeland, and there is deep affection for plants and trees. In order to retain the rural charm, we insist on 'restoring the old as old'!" said Cao Xingsheng (曹兴盛), an expert on the Yanchuan County (延川县) Planning Committee.
The four words "restoring the old as old" are easy to say but difficult to do. The brilliance of Zhenjiawan (甄家湾) lies in the fact that it does not look for "high-end" construction teams, but directly finds the local stonemasons, carpenters, and plasterers who know the most about cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi (陕北), and establishes a 30-person "local expert" working group and a 500-person traditional craftsman database.
"They know best what our cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi (陕北) should look like." Bai Yun (白云), secretary of the Zhenjiawan Village (甄家湾村) Party branch, said realistically. When repairing and reinforcing the ancient cave dwellings, the stone mills, horse sheds, and old doors and windows in the courtyard were completely protected, brick by brick and tile by tile.
This extreme adherence to "original flavor" has "smashed" a new path for Zhenjiawan (甄家湾)—"film and tourism integration." It was renovated in 2018 and opened for business in 2019. The simple, desolate, and authentic loess landscape has become the most scarce lens language for film and television crews. In the past few years, more than 70 crews have come one after another, and more than 30,000 teachers and students have come to study and collect materials.
Protection is no longer a "burden," but has become a "rice bowl." Zhang Haifang (张海芳) seized this opportunity. She opened a farmhouse, still making the usual farm meals, but with the arrival of film crews and tourists, business was booming. "I earned more than 100,000 yuan this year!" Zhang Haifang said with a smile that she has changed from an ordinary rural woman to a "capable" boss.
Today's Zhenjiawan (甄家湾) has 14 courtyards and 64 cave dwellings that have become characteristic homestays, with complete parking lots and visitor centers. The villagers also brainstormed ideas, boating in summer, ice skating in winter, and the non-heritage noodle flower competition was full of laughter. The story of Zhenjiawan (甄家湾) provides a new reference for the protection of agricultural cultural heritage in the country.
Like the ancient cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi (陕北), rural cultural heritage such as cultural relics and monuments, rural buildings, famous towns and villages, historical blocks, traditional villages, and intangible folk customs have multiple values for inheriting China's excellent traditional culture, promoting rural industrial development, and cultivating civilized rural customs. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will work with relevant departments to do a good job in the protection of traditional villages, the protection and inheritance of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage in the field of agriculture and rural areas, give full play to the unique functions of rural areas in inheriting and developing China's excellent traditional culture, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of various types of rural cultural heritage, and show new charm and style.
"Village BA" Ignites the Atmosphere of Life
A Reconstruction of the "Main Venue of Spiritual and Cultural Life" in a Village
As night fell, the two large parking lots in Zhaizhuang Village (翟庄村), Zhaoling District (召陵区), Luohe City (漯河市), Henan Province (河南省), were already "full."
"The game starts at 6:30 in the evening, and the store starts serving customers at 5:00 in the afternoon!" Restaurant operator Yuan Wendong (袁文东) was sweating profusely in front of the stove, and his laughter was hearty in the misty steam.
This atmosphere of life comes from a basketball. Since 2023, Zhaizhuang Village (翟庄村) has held a total of 390 basketball weekend leagues. The "season" lasts for more than 6 months each year, driving more than 100,000 person-times of catering consumption and a total income of more than 10 million yuan.
"When the basketball whistle blows, there is a lot of money," behind the joke that the villagers often say is the explosive release of the spiritual and cultural needs of the farmers. A few years ago, Zhaizhuang Village (翟庄村), like many "hollowed-out" villages, faced the problem of a lack of spiritual and cultural life. Young and middle-aged people went out, and the left-behind elderly and children had "nothing to do and nowhere to play." Zhai Zhanfu (翟战福), secretary of the village party committee, saw it in his eyes and was anxious in his heart: "If people don't have energy, the village can't stand up!"
If there is no position, build it yourself! If there is no activity, do it yourself! Zhaizhuang Village (翟庄村) set its sights on basketball, which has the best mass base. Starting from a barren pit and working from more than 100 spectator seats, the first "Village BA" was held in an "earthy" way. The referees were unprofessional basketball enthusiasts, but that energy drove the whole village.
In 3 years, after 3 leagues, the court was paved with professional plastic, the grandstand seats were increased to more than 230, and electronic screens and professional referees were readily available. The village collective has successively spent more than 200,000 yuan to update the venue and improve supporting facilities, and the "Village BA" is becoming more and more interesting.
"It's more standardized year by year, and more exciting year by year!" Villager Yuan Xiaoshuai (袁小帅) is the captain of the participating team. His team has registered 18 players, the youngest of whom is only 13 years old. "The 'Village BA' organizing committee improves the schedule and rules year by year, it's fun to play and enjoyable to watch!" said Yuan Xiaoshuai.
"Village BA" is not just a competition. During halftime, the children of the village kindergarten formed a cheerleading team, and their childish voices echoed in the sky above the court. Villager Zhai Erya (翟二亚) took the initiative to vacate her parking space for tourists from other places whenever there was a game. He said: "'Village BA' is the signboard of our Zhaizhuang (翟庄), and we can't lose face for the village!" The basketball court and cultural park built by the village have become a tourist attraction; the village cultural square has also been rated as a "Henan Province Farmers' Sports and Fitness Activity Base."
The "chemical reaction" brought about by "Village BA" has solved the problems in grassroots governance. Zhai Zhanfu (翟战福) said: "In the past two years, random parking and illegal construction in the village have disappeared. Village cadres voluntarily prune flowers and trees and repair public toilets, and villagers take the initiative to maintain the hygiene in front of their doors. A basketball game has brought everyone's hearts together."
390 games, 328 officially registered players, driving catering, cultural and tourism consumption of more than 10 million yuan. This is not only an economic account, but also an account of social benefits and spiritual civilization. The exploration of Zhaizhuang Village (翟庄村) is an epitome of the vigorous rise of "village-level" cultural and sports activities across the country.
Looking at the whole country, the "Report on the Situation of National 'Village-Level' Cultural and Sports Activities" shows that in 2024, more than 2.2 million cultural and sports activities of various types were held in rural areas across the country, and more than 70% of farmers participated in cultural and sports activities. From the popularity of "Village BA" and "Village Super League" in Guizhou (贵州), to the blooming of "Village Evening" and "Village Dance" everywhere, "village-level" activities are reconstructing the rural cultural ecology.
From the "solitary enjoyment" of one village to the "shared enjoyment" of "village-level" activities across the country, what we see is a strong endogenous driving force. "The 'Village BA' in Zhaizhuang Village (翟庄村) illuminates not only the night sky of the countryside, but also the main venue of the spiritual and cultural life of farmers." Zhu Mingchun (朱明春), deputy director of the Luohe City (漯河市) Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, said that the story of Zhaizhuang Village (翟庄村) inspires us that the construction of civilized rural customs must take the farmers as the main body. Only when the villagers themselves "play the leading role" and change from "let me do it" to "I want to do it" can the seeds of culture truly take root in the fertile fields of the countryside and bloom the most brilliant flowers.
Return to TopBy: 郁静娴
Cultivating civilized rural customs is intrinsically linked to sound family values and simple folk customs, serving as the spiritual bond for the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. To nurture civilized rural customs, it is essential to fully mobilize people's enthusiasm and protect the roots of agricultural civilization.
What do civilized rural customs look like? Stepping into the countryside of the new era, we see "Village BA" that cures villagers' "spiritual emptiness," new customs of simplifying celebrations and breaking free from the shackles of social obligations, and rural cultural heritage that "comes alive" under scientific protection. Internalized in the heart and externalized in action, the rich cultural flavor conveys the villagers' vigorous spirit and the new atmosphere of civilization and harmony in rural society.
Chinese-style modernization cannot be separated from either material civilization or spiritual civilization. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China included a significant improvement in the level of social civilization as a major goal for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. As the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas is further promoted, pockets are bulging, villages are becoming more beautiful, the production and living conditions of rural residents are continuously improving, and the construction of soft power at the spiritual and cultural level is receiving increasing attention.
Cultivating civilized rural customs is intrinsically linked to sound family values and simple folk customs, serving as the spiritual bond for the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. On a smaller scale, rural customs reflect the way neighbors interact and the daily lives of villagers; on a larger scale, they relate to the values and social atmosphere of a region, and the inheritance and development of agricultural civilization from generation to generation. Looking to the future, even if China basically achieves urbanization, there will still be about 400 million people living in rural areas. The level of civilization in rural society will directly affect the quality of Chinese-style modernization.
The key to cultivating civilized rural customs lies in mobilizing people's enthusiasm. Take changing customs and habits as an example. Why are the masses willing to accept "low bride prices" and even actively advocate "simplifying celebrations"? The reason is that this measure starts from past pain points and effectively reduces the burden of social obligations for villagers, bringing tangible benefits. In terms of guidance, by innovating the rural governance system, based on the characteristics of rural acquaintance society, forms such as visits to households and courtyard meetings are used to allow villagers to speak freely and express what they want and expect. When the method is right, people's hearts are gathered, and good practices naturally become a trend.
Local culture is the root of civilization; only with deep roots can the leaves flourish. In recent years, through the identification of agricultural cultural heritage, the cultivation of rural craftsmen, and the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism, traditional cultural carriers such as shadow puppetry, paper-cutting, batik, and traditional folk art have received increasing attention and have moved to a broader stage and market. In Liushuchuan Village (柳树川村), Xing'an League (兴安盟), Inner Mongolia (内蒙古), the old objects in the village history museum are "crowdfunded" by all villagers, unlocking memories of nostalgia while also attracting tourist popularity. It can be seen that agricultural civilization not only shapes the spiritual world but is also a unique development resource for the countryside. Through creative transformation and innovative development, culture and industry can promote each other and prosper together, forming a strong endogenous driving force.
Looking further, how can agricultural civilization and urban civilization complement each other? The answer is written in the hot practice of the new era. For example, some farmer poets write poems about their work in the fields, conveying resilience and warmth to the cities on the other end of the internet; and from "Village Super League" to "Su Super League," a mass sports event originating in the countryside of Guizhou (贵州) has not only become popular in the mountains and countryside, but its spirit of universal participation, co-creation, and co-construction has also been replicated on the football fields of cities in the Yangtze River Delta (长三角). What we feel from this is not only the charm of agricultural civilization but also the increasingly vigorous cultural confidence of the villagers. To promote the resonance of urban and rural culture, it is necessary to further promote the sinking of cultural resources, improve infrastructure such as rural cultural halls and farmers' bookstores, promote services such as folk art performances and legal consultations to the countryside, and allow more farmers to become shapers and writers of civilized rural customs.
Civilization makes the countryside better. Strengthening the construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas, continuing to give play to its role in nourishing people's hearts, cultivating people's morality, and uniting people's hearts, promoting the comprehensive improvement of rural areas from the inside out, both in form and spirit, will accumulate more lingering memories of nostalgia.
Return to Top(Our report) (Reporter Deng Jianyang (邓剑洋)) It was learned from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (农业农村部) that the 2025 National Grain, Oil and Soybean Industry Expo will be held in Changsha (长沙市), Hunan Province (湖南省) recently. With the theme of "Leading High-Quality Development of Grain and Oil, Helping Build a Strong Agricultural Country," this expo focuses on increasing the yield per unit area of grain and oil crops and the high-quality development of the entire industrial chain, building a platform for achievement display, factor aggregation, and production-sales connection.
This expo has for the first time set up special exhibition areas for the integration of good fields, good seeds, good machinery, and good methods, as well as water and fertilizer integration and facility agriculture, comprehensively demonstrating the latest progress in increasing the yield per unit area on a large scale. The exhibition and sales will open up the entire chain of the grain industry, setting up eight major sections, including high-quality grain and oil products from major provinces, soybean industry development, and financial credit services, focusing on displaying more than 3,000 kinds of grain, oil, and soybean products with national influence, characteristics, and popularity. It is understood that this expo will be held concurrently with the 26th China Central (Hunan) Agricultural Expo in the same location. More than 1,000 companies from across the country will participate in the exhibition, and more than 20,000 professional visitors will come to negotiate. The number of people participating in the exhibition is 248,000.
Return to TopBy: 顾仲阳 杨 潇
On a winter morning, Su Wadi (苏娃迪), the "horseback lake chief" of Bayannaoer Lake (巴音淖尔湖) in Tuke Town (图克镇), Uxin Banner (乌审旗), Ordos City (鄂尔多斯市), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (内蒙古自治区), dressed in a "red vest," rides his steed, carrying dry rations, and begins his day of lake patrol. Circling the lake, cleaning up garbage, recording data, and visiting herdsmen, Su Wadi has never stopped for more than 40 years, regardless of the severe cold or scorching heat.
The lake water is crystal clear, reflecting the blue sky and white clouds. The trees along the road stand tall, witnessing the vicissitudes of this land from "**沙进人退**" (shā jìn rén tuì - "sand advances, people retreat," describing desertification and displacement) to "**绿进沙退**" (lǜ jìn shā tuì - "green advances, sand retreats," indicating ecological restoration).
"In the past, this was all sand ridges. After planting sand willows and caragana, the cattle and sheep had grass to eat, and we also lived a good life. The sand nest of the past has become a 'happy nest'," said Jiri Galatu (吉日嘎拉图), a member of the "Old Tree Talks Ecology" volunteer service team and a herdsman from Buridu Gacha (布日都嘎查), at the Uxin Zhao Town (乌审召镇) New Era Civilization Practice Center.
Like a spring breeze and rain, farmers and herdsmen have an increasing sense of responsibility to protect their green homeland. "In the past, we thought it was natural to cut down trees for firewood, but now we understand that **绿水青山就是金山银山** (lǜ shuǐ qīng shān jiù shì jīn shān yín shān - "green mountains and clear waters are gold and silver mountains," emphasizing the economic value of environmental protection), so how can we bear to burn them?" Wu Dongdalai (乌东达来), a herdsman from Huangtaolegai Gacha (黄陶勒盖嘎查) in Tuke Town (图克镇), planted 500 mu of sea buckthorn on contracted wasteland, which not only protects the soil and water but also brings in more than 300,000 yuan in income each year.
Today, Uxin Banner (乌审旗) has a forest coverage rate and vegetation coverage of 32.92% and 80% respectively, and the green background is becoming more and more bright.
With the concept of ecological civilization gradually taking root in people's hearts, civilized rural customs have also entered the daily lives of farmers and herdsmen in Uxin Banner (乌审旗).
In Wulantaolegai Town (乌兰陶勒盖镇), simple handling of weddings and funerals is gradually becoming a trend. Each Gacha village has formulated guidance standards for weddings and funerals, clarifying the upper limit of the scale of banquets and the amount of gifts, and strengthening supervision through village rules and regulations, public announcements, and other methods. "Now everyone doesn't talk about ostentation, and the money saved is used to develop production." Alatengqimuge (阿拉腾其木格), a herdsman from Bayanxili Gacha (巴音希利嘎查), invested the savings in developing courtyard economy and characteristic breeding, with an annual income of more than 100,000 yuan.
Wudinghe Town (无定河镇) uses "civilization points" as a lever to drive great changes in rural civilization. Villagers can earn points for participating in environmental improvement, filial piety, and other good deeds, and exchange points for daily necessities in the "civilization supermarket." "Cleaning up can be exchanged for washing powder, and taking care of the elderly can be exchanged for rice, flour, and oil. Who would be willing to gossip and cause conflicts?" said Zhang Zixiu (张子秀), a villager in Baoritaolegai Village (包日陶勒盖村).
Ecological civilization lays the foundation, and rural civilization adds color, ultimately benefiting the vast majority of people. "From relying on the sky for food to relying on tourism for food, life is getting more and more promising." Last year, Hasibayar (哈斯巴雅尔), an operator of a grassland farm in Bayannaoer (巴音淖尔) Grassland, Tuke Town (图克镇), had an income of more than one million yuan.
Relying on the beautiful scenery, simple folk customs, and colorful folk culture, during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Uxin Banner (乌审旗) achieved a comprehensive tourism income of more than 15.8 billion yuan, of which farmhouses and ranches directly solved the employment of more than 2,300 people.
"Practice has proved that ecological civilization construction is not only the restoration of the environment, but also the nourishment of the soul; rural civilization construction is not only the innovation of customs, but also the empowerment of development," said Wang Xuefeng (王雪峰), Secretary of the Uxin Banner (乌审旗) Party Committee.
Return to TopIn recent years, Guizhou Province has closely adhered to the goal of "accelerating the construction of a colorful Guizhou cultural province" and vigorously implemented the "Four Major Cultural Projects": focusing on the construction of red culture, transforming and utilizing Yangming culture, inheriting and promoting ethnic culture, and researching and promoting historical cultures such as Tunpu culture. Through diversified promotion such as research and interpretation, literary and artistic creation, publicity and promotion, and industrial integration, the province has given full play to its advantages of profound historical heritage, rich red culture, and diverse ethnic cultures, enhanced cultural confidence, and contributed to economic and social development.
From November 9th to 10th, the "Tunpu · Six Hundred Years of Home and Country" 2025 Tunpu Culture Conference, hosted by the Publicity Department of the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee, was held in Anshun City (安顺市), Guizhou Province. Well-known cultural experts from all over the country delivered keynote speeches on the theme of "The Historical Significance, Contemporary Value, and Core Connotation of Tunpu Culture." Excerpts of the speeches are now published for the benefit of readers.
——Editor
Understanding the Land Beneath Our Feet Through Tunpu Culture
Qian Liqun (钱理群), Professor of Peking University (北京大学) and Vice President of the Chinese Modern Literature Research Association
The most remarkable aspect of Tunpu culture is that it is centered on Confucian ethics as its core value. When it took root in Guizhou, it absorbed new ideological resources from the survival wisdom of ordinary people and folk beliefs. Studying Tunpu culture helps us to re-recognize the three major characteristics of Guizhou culture: "openness," "absorption," and "innovation."
It is not easy to absorb foreign cultures and carry out local innovation. The key is how foreign cultures can take root in the "local." There are two keys here: one is how foreigners understand the land beneath their feet, and the other is how locals can step out of their local area without detaching themselves from the land beneath their feet. In this era of great change, paying attention to Tunpu culture and re-understanding the "land beneath our feet" has global significance and value.
In my opinion, this is also the most fascinating aspect of Guizhou's local culture. In 2005, I and a group of scholars from Anshun (安顺) began investigating and researching Tunpu culture. So many years have passed, and we have all grown old. It can also be said that we have "matured" under the nurturing of Tunpu culture and Guizhou culture. We have discovered a new world of local cultural research: we need to re-examine the relationship between rural construction and local cultural research, and how to rebuild the knowledge system of rural education; more importantly, we need to seek the "change" and "unchange" in life and culture. When faced with confusion, do not forget to seek certainty and eternity from the local cultural resources around you, "the history, culture, and geography that grow out of the land."
Tunpu Culture is a Rich Mine
Mao Peiqi (毛佩琦), Professor of Renmin University of China (中国人民大学) and Researcher at the Ming and Qing Research Center of Peking University (北京大学明清研究中心)
Tunpu began with the large-scale development of Guizhou in the early Ming Dynasty. Tunpu was originally a military facility, but for a long period of time, it played an important role in politics, economy, and ethnic affairs. The establishment of the Guizhou Provincial Administration Commission (贵州承宣布政使司) and Tunpu effectively maintained national unity and local stability, promoted local development and ethnic integration, and embodied ancient political wisdom and management art.
Tunpu is a concrete portrayal of the pluralistic unity of the Chinese nation. Different ethnic cultures have maintained their own characteristics while being inclusive and developing harmoniously. The folk culture of the Central Plains has been passed down and continued in Guizhou. The valuable cultural heritage of architecture, clothing, opera, and language has become a living fossil for historical and cultural research.
Guizhou Tunpu is a valuable historical and cultural heritage. It melts Central Plains culture, Jiangnan culture, and Qianzhong culture into one furnace, has distinct regional characteristics, and enriches the connotation of Chinese national culture.
Tunpu culture is a rich mine worth exploring in depth. Its breadth of content and richness of connotation are admirable. Its historical experience and cultural paradigm are both unique and universally significant. In-depth research on Guizhou's history and culture will help inherit and promote the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and will also provide reference and basis for the development and construction of contemporary Guizhou.
Excavating Traditional Wisdom and Promoting Contemporary Value
Ge Jianxiong (葛剑雄), Senior Professor of Fudan University (复旦大学) and Librarian of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) (香港中文大学（深圳）)
The source of Tunpu culture is the Weisuo system (卫所制度) of the Ming Dynasty. The Weisuo system of the Ming Dynasty was common throughout the country. Why did Tunpu culture form in Guizhou? Its particularity lies in the fact that Guizhou had not yet established a complete administrative system in the early Ming Dynasty, and the Weisuo established in Guizhou had both military and administrative functions. By the Qing Dynasty, the Weisuo system was abolished, but the preserved cultural heritage was integrated with local culture, and gradually evolved into Tunpu culture.
Today, discussing Tunpu culture inevitably involves the Weisuo system of the Ming Dynasty. This system not only consolidated national defense and stabilized the border areas, but also maintained and expanded the Xiang-Qian-Dian (湘黔滇) passage and extended Guizhou's internal transportation network. In addition, the Weisuo system also promoted ethnic integration and formed a living fossil of culture. In Guizhou, more than 600 years of adherence and integration have allowed Tunpu to adapt to the new environment while miraculously preserving a large number of cultural genes from the Jianghuai (江淮) region of the Ming Dynasty. From architectural patterns to dialects and operas, they provide us with valuable living specimens for studying Ming Dynasty culture.
The research on Tunpu culture should be comprehensive, and the promotion of Tunpu culture should be selective. We should excavate and promote the parts that embody traditional wisdom and have contemporary value, while maintaining the unique functions of various cultural forms. The younger generation should go deep into the villages and immerse themselves in the core area of Tunpu culture, and calm down to feel its cultural characteristics.
Protecting Tradition and Leaving New "Tunpu Memories"
Wang Huaxiang (王华祥), Professor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts (中央美术学院)
Tunpu culture is a living heritage with a history of more than 600 years. The most important thing in inheriting and protecting Tunpu culture is not only how to preserve it, but also how to make it rejuvenate. The intervention of art is very important. Many historical people learn through books, but Tunpu culture is more displayed in the form of "living inheritance," such as lifestyles, dialects, costumes, architecture, and intangible cultural heritage skills. Among them, costumes, architecture, and Dixi (地戏) are all treasure troves of resources for contemporary art and design.
The Dixi of Anshun Tunpu (安顺屯堡) is a living heritage of the military Tun culture of the Ming Dynasty. In the art installation "Dixishenjiang · Jiacai Zhaozhong" (地戏神将·甲彩昭忠), the armor patterns and feather decorations of the divine generals replicate the battle uniforms of the military Tun soldiers of that year. The divine generals are the Tunpu people's memory of history: they once wore real armor and fought in all directions. The words "Zhaozhong" (昭忠) are not only a tribute to the loyal and righteous people of ancient times, but also the Tunpu people's adherence to the genes of loyalty and courage. Let this cultural heritage that spans more than 600 years always cherish the temperature of history in the flow of armor colors.
Tunpu culture needs protection, but it also needs to be integrated with new content. We look forward to more outstanding artists at home and abroad creating works in Guizhou, making full use of cultural resources, leaving new "Tunpu memories," and allowing art to return to the land that nurtures us.
Inspiring Young People to Become Storytellers of Tunpu Stories
Chen Zhiping (陈支平), Professor of Xiamen University (厦门大学) and Former President of the Chinese Ming History Society (中国明史学会)
Tunpu culture is a very distinctive part of Chinese culture, and the formation and inheritance of Tunpu culture have made positive contributions to the development of Chinese civilization.
With the establishment of the Provincial Administration Commission and the Weisuo system, a large number of soldiers and civilians moved to the Guizhou area. The advanced technology, culture, and commercial activities brought by Tunpu immigrants promoted the continuous progress of the local economic ecology and social civilization. After a large number of soldiers and civilians moved into and settled in Guizhou, they did not adhere to the lifestyles and cultural traditions of their original residences. Instead, while spreading advanced production methods, they absorbed the excellent cultures of various ethnic groups, lived in harmony and integrated with various ethnic groups in the southwest, thus forming a rich and colorful Tunpu culture. This process of formation and evolution fully reflects the outstanding innovation of Chinese civilization.
Under the influence of Tunpu culture and others, various ethnic groups in Guizhou have widely interacted, exchanged, and integrated. Because of this, Tunpu culture not only has extremely important historical significance, but also has extremely important contemporary significance.
The protection and inheritance of Tunpu culture must resonate with social development, and need to take into account the adherence to the cultural core and the injection of contemporary vitality. We must stimulate the enthusiasm of the younger generation to participate. When young people voluntarily become storytellers of Tunpu stories, the culture will truly "live."
"Inter-embedded History" of Exchanges and Integration Among Ethnic Groups
Xiao Yuanping (肖远平), Professor of Guizhou Normal University (贵州师范大学)
The root of Tunpu society lies in the Weisuo system of the Ming Dynasty. This system injected a unique "gene" into Tunpu and objectively shaped its early sense of community.
The Tunpu ancestors who entered the Guizhou area in the early Ming Dynasty formed a complete "miniature society" with "Wei" (卫) and "Suo" (所) as units. Through the Weisuo system, the "complete reorganization" of the population, the "institutional redistribution" of resources, and the "structural reconstruction" of society were completed, providing a solid material and social foundation for the subsequent 600 years of cultural integration.
The site selection of Weisuo was not randomly scattered, but through precise geographical layout, it constituted a military network that controlled traffic arteries and guarded strategic throats. This not only allowed Tunpu to help each other and form a strong regional consortium, but also formed an inter-embedded residential pattern with the surrounding local villages, thus opening a co-existence relationship of "harmony but difference" with the surrounding ethnic groups for hundreds of years, laying a spatial foundation for the formation of a "pluralistic and integrated" cultural ecology in the Qianzhong (黔中) area in the future.
The history of Tunpu is an "inter-embedded history" of exchanges and integration among ethnic groups. While guarding their own cultural core, the Tunpu ancestors complemented each other economically and learned from each other culturally with the surrounding ethnic minorities, jointly nurturing the cultural ecology of "you in me and me in you" in the Qianzhong area, becoming a vivid microcosm of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.
Historical research is most important to enter the historical scene and enter the hearts of the parties involved. Experts and scholars help the public understand and experience Tunpu culture from an academic perspective. I hope that in the future, more Tunpu people will tell the past of Tunpu from the perspective of "on-site participants," so that cultural narratives can be simple and easy to understand, and constantly deepen the public's understanding of Tunpu culture.
——Gu Jiu (顾久), Former Deputy Director of the Standing Committee of the Guizhou Provincial People's Congress and Former Curator of the Guizhou Provincial Museum of Literature and History
Tunpu culture is a case of multi-ethnic exchanges and integration, reflecting the concept and method of dealing with different cultural relations such as "each is beautiful, appreciate the beauty of others, the beauty of beauty, and the world is one," which plays an important role in strengthening ethnic unity.
——Huang Yonglin (黄永林), Professor and Former Vice President of Central China Normal University (华中师范大学)
Tunpu architecture connects history and the future. We should further deepen the systematic excavation, overall protection, living inheritance and innovative transformation of Tunpu cultural heritage, condense the inheritance path, scientifically and rationally plan, and apply innovative technologies, so that it can play a more important role in promoting the excellent traditional Chinese culture and enhancing cultural identity.
——Zhou Zhengxu (周政旭), Associate Professor of Tsinghua University (清华大学) and Deputy Secretary-General of the Mountainous Urban and Rural Planning Academic Committee of the Urban Planning Society of China (中国城市规划学会山地城乡规划学术委员会)
The construction of the Tunpu cultural system is a systematic project that requires benign interaction and joint promotion of disciplines, academics, and communication. We must be rooted in history, based on the present, and oriented to the future, and contribute wisdom and strength to the construction of an independent knowledge system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences and the construction of a community of the Chinese nation.
——Chen Yanbo (陈艳波), Member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee and Vice President of Guizhou University (贵州大学)
Tunpu culture demonstrates a constructive wisdom - realizing self-supply through the military Tun system, achieving mutual understanding through cultural communication, and realizing regional integration through national governance, which is one of the codes for the continuous development of Chinese civilization.
——Wu Yu (吴羽), Professor of the School of Tourism of Anshun University (安顺学院旅游学院) and Former President of the Guizhou Tunpu Research Association (贵州省屯堡研究会)
This time, Guizhou released the classic study tour route of "Tunpu · Six Hundred Years of Home and Country," stringing together 17 Tunpu cultural landmarks in Guizhou, allowing the public to truly understand that magnificent history of migration. Creating study tour routes and cultivating cultural tourism consumption scenarios will help promote Tunpu culture to "go out of the circle."
——Huang Huang (黄璜), Researcher of the China Tourism Academy (中国旅游研究院)
The book "Tunpu · Six Hundred Years of Home and Country" gives full play to the visual advantages of combining Chinese National Geographic pictures, maps, and hand-drawn illustrations, adheres to the dual vision of academic in-depth research and popularization, and establishes a "Tunpu cultural road across the Guizhou Plateau" and a cultural symbol of "seeing the Ming Dynasty in Guizhou," allowing more people to understand Tunpu and understand Guizhou.
——Chen Yihuan (陈沂欢), General Manager of China National Geographic Publishing Company (中国国家地理出版公司) and CEO of Beijing Didao Fengwu Technology Co., Ltd. (北京地道风物科技有限公司)
Don't waste this 600-year-old material of Tunpu culture. It is not an exhibit in a museum, but a living inheritance. Nowadays, the clothing, food, housing, and transportation of Tunpu people are full of traditional cultural imprints, and this inheritance is too rare. As self-media people, we must actively create high-quality content, embody culture in warm stories, and let the world hear, see, and remember it.
——Gu Lulu (谷路路), Douyin blogger "Lulu Observation" (路路观察)
Layout Design: Zhang Danfeng (张丹峰)
Return to TopBy: 胡妍妍
Children's literature is the literature of the beginning of life, the literature that strives to fasten the first button of life correctly, and the literature that faces the future and shapes the future. The development of children's literature in the new era needs to continue the glory of history and meet the expectations of the times.
If you ask an adult now: What can't you live without in life? The answer may be: can't live without a mobile phone, can't live without the Internet. What if you ask a child? Cai Gao's (蔡皋) picture book "Can't Live Without" takes people to recognize from a child's perspective that they can't live without the sun, can't live without clouds, can't live without paintbrushes, and can't live without those ordinary but important innocence and beauty, so that they can understand what the author said: "Innocence loves innocence most, and beauty only loves beauty."
"Dad, can you write a book that both big friends and little friends can read?" This question from his third-grade daughter "forced" writer Cai Chongda (蔡崇达) to write "My Best Friend at the Beginning of My Life" (《我人生最开始的好朋友》). He realized that children urgently need life education in addition to knowledge education, and this is the work that literature must participate in. The work begins with the death of a loved one, which is a "heavy" experience that a child must go through to enter the adult world.
The prototype of "Fang Yihe, Run!" (《方一禾，快跑》) is an 8-year-old girl that writer Qi Zhi (祁智) interviewed 30 years ago. She kept running between home, school, hospital, and the market to take care of her seriously ill mother. The girl's story brought tears to Qi Zhi's eyes because he himself was once a child who ran for his mother. Thirty years later, "Fang Yihe's" running has aroused more repercussions through literary publication. It makes young readers understand that running means "love and hope."
The above three books are all winners of the 12th National Excellent Children's Literature Award (全国优秀儿童文学奖). The award is a national children's literature award sponsored by the Chinese Writers Association (中国作家协会), established in 1986, and is the highest honor in the field of children's literature in China. It has been selected for 12 sessions. Previous award-winning works such as Jin Bo's (金波) "Spring News" (《春的消息》), Qin Wenjun's (秦文君) "Boy Jia Li" (《男生贾里》), Zheng Chunhua's (郑春华) "Big Head Son and Little Head Dad" (《大头儿子和小头爸爸》), and Cao Wenxuan's (曹文轩) "Grass House" (《草房子》) have become famous masterpieces of Chinese children's literature.
On November 20th, in Changsha (长沙), Hunan (湖南), a solemn, grand, warm, and touching "2025 China Literature Ceremony·Children's Literature Award Night" kicked off. Eighteen works were awarded the prize, standing out from 725 participating works (articles) in six categories: novels, poetry, fairy tales, science fiction literature, children's picture books, and short stories by young authors. This is a highlight moment for Chinese children's literature. It is a commendation for the excellent works of children's literature in the new era, and it also provides a perspective for us to observe the development and achievements of children's literature in recent years.
"Write great literature for children," Chen Bochui's (陈伯吹) famous saying in children's literature expresses the sense of conviction that many writers devote their efforts to children's literature creation and continue to write tirelessly. Children's literature is the literature of the beginning of life, the literature that strives to fasten the first button of life correctly, and the literature that faces the future and shapes the future. On one side, it is innocence, humor, exaggeration, and fantasy, and on the other side, it is beauty and goodness, integrity and justice, the enlightenment of emotions, and the edification of the mother tongue. It sows the initial seeds in the spiritual garden of one or even several generations.
Such a grand ambition is even more inspired and demonstrated by today's great era. Looking through the award-winning works, a sense of the times is overwhelming: the novel "The Ballad of the Great River" (《大河的歌谣》) shows the protection of migratory birds on the Yellow River Beach (黄河滩), the fairy tale "A Thousand Years of Artifacts" (《器成千年》) recounts the adventure of a lump of mud from the ancient Shu Kingdom (古蜀国) to the contemporary Sanxingdui Museum (三星堆博物馆), and the science fiction literature "Transforming Genius" (《改造天才》) focuses on the technological hotspot of brain-computer interfaces... Childhood is not a filter, and fairy tales are not a vacuum. Themes such as countryside, technology, ecology, and the Internet broaden the horizons of children's literature, allowing children to personally perceive the world around them. Writers' cultural confidence has generally increased, and their explorations of national characteristics and local styles have shown their strengths. Childlikeness has also been respected and promoted. Writers can both squat down to see the world from a child's perspective and not idealize childhood in a biased way, but actively catch the various questions raised by children in the new era. The accelerated entry of post-90s and post-00s creators has made children's literature show a flexible and free posture and open and inclusive characteristics.
Behind the diverse creative explorations is also the confidence given by the huge market. Industry data shows that China's children's book market ranks among the top in the world, and the annual publication of children's books once reached 40,000. Some researchers compare the Victorian era in Britain, which fully opened up modern children's literature, and the American baby boom era, which accumulated a number of important works with the help of the Newbery Medal and the Caldecott Medal, pointing out that the growth and accumulation of children's book publishing in China for more than 20 years since the new century can be called another children's book explosion period. A vivid footnote is that in this November alone, in addition to the national-level Excellent Children's Literature Award, the winners of the 4th Jieli Cup Jin Bo Children's Literature Award (接力杯金波幼儿文学奖) and the Jieli Cup Cao Wenxuan Children's Novel Award (接力杯曹文轩儿童小说奖) were announced, the 9th Feng Zikai Children's Picture Book Award (丰子恺儿童图画书奖) was awarded, and the 4th Chen Bochui New Children's Literature Creation Competition (陈伯吹新儿童文学创作大赛) was announced... The endless stream of awards reflects the vigorous vitality of local originality.
At the scene of the "Children's Literature Award Night," when we follow the ingenious drama setting, travel through the pages of books together, and roam in the world of classic world children's literature and century-old Chinese children's literature masterpieces, we can't help but have more expectations for current and future children's literature creation. The development of children's literature in the new era needs to continue the glory of history and meet the expectations of the times.
Objectively speaking, the stubborn problems of homogenization of themes and following the trend in current children's literature have not been eradicated, and some thematic creations are more grand than vivid. Compared with such a large readership of 0-18 years old, there is still an imbalance in the age coverage of current children's literature. There is more low-age literature and less youth literature. There is still a scarcity of works that can "grow" on the aesthetic points of adolescents, have both ideological depth and artistic completion, and bravely face the psychological and emotional challenges of adolescents. The two-way mismatch between good books not finding readers and children not knowing what books to read still exists. It is urgent to have more subjects such as children, teachers, parents, critics, and academia to join in and establish a comprehensive and objective children's literature evaluation system. The competition between new children's literature reading and classic reading and popular reading is still full of challenges, not to mention the increasingly fierce competition for attention with mobile phones and short videos. All of these test today's children's literature creators and practitioners to further refine the purity and height of children's literature, so that readers and society truly recognize: we "can't live without" children's literature.
Sowing spiritual seeds and opening the door to the world, this is the unique "magic" of children's literature. As the "best friend at the beginning of life" and as a "dream maker" who weaves dreams, excellent children's literature works benefit people for life and affect the spiritual quality of a nation. Written for children and for the future, the "greatness" of children's literature makes us continue to look forward to it.
Return to TopBy: 胡 祥
In recent years, domestic animated films have become a bright spot in the film market. From "Monkey King: Hero Is Back" in 2015 to this year's "Ne Zha: The Devil Child," many excellent and popular works have emerged. Animated films have long shed the label of being marginal and childish, becoming the most vibrant and promising art form in the digital age. However, looking beyond the bustling surface, we find that our understanding of the artistic, cultural, and industrial value of animated films is far from sufficient, and their vast potential has not yet been fully explored.
Animated films are an important artistic vehicle for inheriting outstanding Chinese traditional culture. From the first animated film "Princess Iron Fan" in the 1940s to "Havoc in Heaven" in the 1960s, the Chinese animation school condensed the unique aesthetic charm and spiritual bearing of the nation, shining brightly around the world. Data shows that from 2015 to 2024, the total number of domestic animated film filings reached 1,294, of which 168 focused on classic mythological themes such as "Journey to the West," "Fengshen," and "White Snake," accounting for 13%. The heroic theme of punishing evil and returning to heroism in "Monkey King: Hero Is Back" and the cry of "My fate is up to me, not heaven" in "Ne Zha: The Devil Child" resonate with the individual spirit of contemporary youth. In the past two years, animated films have been moving from "myth dependence" to "cultural symbiosis," with richer spiritual depth and cultural connotation. "Chang An" (长安三万里) demonstrates the grand Tang Dynasty atmosphere and poetic style, while "Liao Zhai: Lan Ruo Temple" interprets classical Zhi Guai from a modern perspective. The continuous cultural context of more than 5,000 years has been revitalized in the contemporary era, arousing widespread resonance.
Animated films are a powerful engine driving the development of the cultural industry. Looking back on the 10-year journey, domestic animated films have delivered a total box office of 44.3 billion yuan, completing a "reversal" from the margins to the mainstream. In 2015, "Monkey King: Hero Is Back" awakened the market with a box office of more than 950 million yuan. In 2019, "Ne Zha: The Devil Child" topped the list with more than 5 billion yuan, pushing the market share of domestic animation over the 60% watershed, achieving a historic leap from "import-led" to "domestic-led." By 2025, "Ne Zha: The Devil Child" with a box office of over 15.4 billion yuan not only broke the domestic box office record, but also became the highest-grossing animated film in the world, which can be called a market "ballast stone." This also marks that animated films have transformed into an indispensable growth pole in the film market. More importantly, its industrial value presents an overflow effect. The "Boonie Bears" series has successfully built an IP ecosystem with 11 works, from derivatives and theme parks to cultural tourism development, its output value far exceeding the box office itself.
Animation is a world language that does not require translation, and it is also a "cavalry" that crosses cultural barriers and tells Chinese stories well. The "White Snake" film series has won a place in the international market with its ultimate oriental fantasy aesthetics. "Chang An" (长安三万里) goes to the world with poetry, allowing overseas audiences to appreciate the charm of Chinese culture. The "Ne Zha" film series has overseas distribution covering 50 countries and regions, and foreign audiences have praised the grand world constructed by the works, the innovative interpretation of traditional culture, and the stunning audio-visual effects.
It should be said that with the deep integration of "culture + technology," especially the rise of technologies such as AIGC, animated films are realizing "**心之所想，皆可成画**" (xīn zhī suǒ xiǎng, jiē kě chéng huà - "whatever the heart imagines, can be painted," anything is possible with enough imagination and effort). Today, when conventional films are facing the challenges of media change, they are moving against the trend towards a 100 billion yuan market. Looking to the future, we must pay more attention to the irreplaceable value of animated films. Creators must not only deeply explore traditional culture, but also dare to jump out of their comfort zone and expand into science fiction, contemporary and other themes, enhance the expressiveness and competitiveness of Chinese animated films, and make greater contributions to strengthening cultural confidence and telling Chinese stories well.
Return to TopBy: 刘忠波
How does one's hometown inspire creativity, and how does literature reflect upon it? The second season of the documentary "Literary Hometown" (文学的故乡), eagerly awaited by literature enthusiasts, employs a soothing and fluid cinematic style to follow the footsteps of six writers – Han Shaogong (韩少功), Zhang Wei (张炜), Zhai Yongming (翟永明), Ye Zhaoyan (叶兆言), Liu Liangcheng (刘亮程), and Mo Yan (莫言) – as it unfolds the story of "literary homecoming."
The title is "Literary Hometown" (文学的故乡), not "Writer's Hometown," because in addition to showcasing the natural landscapes and cultural customs of the hometowns, and recording the writers' journeys back home, it also focuses on depicting the representative literary images in the writers' works, and telling the story of how important works are created. In the words of director Zhang Tongdao (张同道), the goal is to capture the literary essence, restore the original context of literature, and show the audience how literature comes into being.
When Zhang Wei (张炜) identifies plants in the forests of his hometown, when Han Shaogong (韩少功) stands on the tea mountain he once cultivated himself, when Liu Liangcheng (刘亮程) drives a horse-drawn carriage into the depths of the desert, when Zhai Yongming's (翟永明) hotpot meets poetry in the wheat fields... the audience follows the camera, walking through the writers' literary territories, restoring the creative backgrounds and historical textures of the writers and their works, and identifying the origins of literary masterpieces.
Compared to the first season, this season's documentary expands the scope of literature from novels to drama, poetry, and prose, and attempts to find distinctive audio-visual languages for different literary genres, allowing the audience to directly experience the coexistence of reality and imagination in literature. The literary world of a writer is often composed of highly personalized images, such as Han Shaogong's (韩少功) "Maqiao" (马桥), Zhang Wei's (张炜) "Ancient Ship" (古船), Liu Liangcheng's (刘亮程) "A Person's Village" (一个人的村庄), and Ye Zhaoyan's (叶兆言) "Qinhuai River" (秦淮河), etc. These images are not only reflections of local customs but also condense the writer's spiritual temperament. The documentary uses images to reshape the virtual characters and virtual spaces in the writers' works, seeking the projection of the writer's personality and spirit from the literary depictions, vividly showing the spiritual experiences on the creative path, and witnessing the moving process of a writer's spiritual map gradually unfolding, thereby completing the aesthetic sublimation from "geographical hometown" to "spiritual homeland."
The documentary also captures the interdisciplinary nature of literature: through close-ups of Zhai Yongming's (翟永明) paintings, it reveals her aesthetic concepts as a poet; through Mo Yan's (莫言) narration on the stage of the "Crocodile" (鳄鱼) performance, it showcases the charm of theatrical art in the eyes of a novelist. The collision of different artistic types can better stimulate what literature "is."
Tracing one's hometown is a kind of memory oriented towards the past, but the documentary also consciously breaks through specific backgrounds, eras, and regions to create connections with the more distant future and the larger world. From the Jiaodong Peninsula (胶东半岛) to the Chengdu Plain (成都平原), from the alpine meadows of Xinjiang (新疆) to the shores of the South China Sea (南海之滨), what changes is the appearance of the four seasons, and what remains unchanged is the writers' conscious awareness of dialogue with their hometowns, their humanistic care for daily life, and their devout adherence to literary creation.
The documentary not only enters the literary world, restoring the profound connotations of literary works to the moment of creation, and bringing people to appreciate poetry and beauty, but also delves into the life history of the creators, showing the writers' literary ambitions and realistic concerns. Therefore, "Literary Hometown" (文学的故乡) allows people to see the commonality between literature and film and television, and to see that the contemplation of history and reality is always the charm of art and literature.
Return to TopBy: 杨洪涛
The second season of the large-scale dance variety show "Xin Minzu Wu Dahui" (新民族舞大会) (New National Dance Convention), jointly produced by Xinjiang Radio and Television Station (新疆广播电视台) and Xinjiang Dancers Association (新疆舞蹈家协会), recently concluded. As a key project of the Central Propaganda Department (中宣部) for cultural enrichment of Xinjiang, the first season of the program achieved 440 million views across the entire network, receiving positive feedback. Building on this foundation, the second season achieved out-of-circle dissemination of "art + cultural tourism" with 47 trending topics online. Both seasons of "Xin Minzu Wu Dahui" (新民族舞大会) re-choreograph ethnic dances, enhancing their appeal through variety show formats, showcasing their profound heritage and contemporary style. Simultaneously, they integrate the beauty of dance, the beauty of the stage, and the beauty of the landscape, using dance to tell the ancient and modern legends of the Silk Road, striving to promote deep integration of excellent cultures of all ethnic groups, and creating an artistic model for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.
In the second season, contestants used the heavens and earth as their stage and the mountains and rivers as their backdrop, going deep into Aksu Prefecture (阿克苏地区), Karamay City (克拉玛依市), and Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture (博尔塔拉蒙古自治州) to gather inspiration, integrating the magnificent landscapes and historical culture of Xinjiang (新疆) into their dance creations. They danced passionately in front of the Yardang landforms, as if instantly transported to ancient times; they performed the Kuchean music and dance with deep emotion by the Kizil Grottoes (克孜尔石窟), bringing the thousand-year-old murals to life in the sound of drums and bells; they projected their graceful figures onto the clear waters of Sayram Lake (赛里木湖), adding warm emotions to the "last tear of the Atlantic Ocean." The field research and creation became the highlight, also enabling the program to promote tourism through culture and highlight culture through tourism.
In the studio team competition stage, themes such as "Dance Rhyme Millennium," "Chapters of Heritage," "Intangible Cultural Heritage Dream Building," and "Rhythmic Mountains and Rivers" cleverly connected the competitive and narrative aspects of dance, testing the dancers' ability to master different types of ethnic dance, and also attracting the audience with the plot while experiencing the beauty of form, rhythm, and artistic conception. "Qin Gu" (沁骨) uses the relationship between "tea and celadon" and "tea and water" to express the harmony and beauty between humans and all things in nature. "She · Legend" integrates She ethnic intangible cultural heritage and modern dance techniques, full of vigorous and upward life energy. In addition, cross-border combinations of ethnic dance with other art forms such as acrobatics, opera, and percussion make the performances richer, such as the combination of acrobatics and classical dance in "Dunhuang Leap" to reproduce the scene of flying apsaras, giving the leaps and rotations a visual beauty of soaring into the sky.
The program cleverly integrates dance language and audio-visual language. Close-up shots magnify the details of the dance language, and throwing and catching movements, rotating movements, and breakdancing floor movements are more infectious under the montage rendering. In particular, the 360-degree freeze-frame shots of the "dancing moment" fully demonstrate the strength and softness, movement and stillness, power and beauty of dance art. The competition elimination and one-on-one challenge settings also highlight the creative thinking of television directors. Who to choose as a challenger? Who can ultimately win? The stage scene is full of suspense and drama. The addition of heavyweight dance guests and dance witness officers provides a guarantee for the professionalism of the program, and their comments, analysis, and stage demonstrations also help the audience better appreciate dance art.
"Xin Minzu Wu Dahui" (新民族舞大会) uses graceful dance to tell new stories of the Silk Road, which is not only a deep tribute to the beauty of Xinjiang (新疆), but also composes a magnificent movement of mountains and rivers dancing together, cultural resonance, and value consensus.
Return to TopWhen viewers watch suspense dramas, their primary concern is identifying the culprit and uncovering the mystery. However, "Die Trying" attempts to shift the narrative focus to "how their lives reached this point." It turns out that this "risky move" was the right one. The careful crafting of the characters has made this drama the highest-rated work in the iQIYI Mist Theater since 2024.
In particular, the male protagonist, Xu Qingli (徐庆利), is fundamentally kind and filial, but also cowardly and impulsive. He goes astray from being a promising young man, constantly testing the boundaries of humanity between sin and conscience, until he falls into the abyss. If such a change in fate is not handled well, it can easily make the audience feel disconnected. Huang Xuan's performance enriches the character with details. For example, when he impersonates Ni Xiangdong (倪向东)'s identity to escape, the first time he remits money to his father, he subconsciously writes "Xu (徐)". After writing it, he suddenly realizes something is wrong, is dazed for a few seconds, and crumples the remittance slip into a ball when no one is paying attention. On a new slip, he writes "Ni Xiangdong (倪向东)", completely accepting his new identity.
Good TV series are like prisms, always reflecting the myriad of beings and the vast world. Suspense dramas are no exception. They need more three-dimensional and full characters that break away from stereotypes, starting from the characters' choices and struggles, persistence and change, to complete the observation and reflection of life.
(Haidian District (海淀区), Beijing (北京市), Paziliya Alimu (帕孜丽娅·阿力木))
Return to TopBy: 汤文靖
"A young person said excitedly, the textbook says that the War of Resistance was 14 years of 艰苦卓绝 (jiān kǔ zhuó jué - "arduous and outstanding," extremely difficult; describing a struggle that is both hard and successful), I didn't realize before that behind these four words are heroic and fearless lives, and strings of names worth remembering!" Director Han Jinna (韩金娜) said with great emotion about the response to the documentary "Mountains and Rivers as Witness" among young people, "The influence of the War of Resistance documentary in the youth group is beyond our expectations."
Living in an era of peace, some young people's understanding of history is fragmented. They know that the War of Resistance was won, but they may not understand how the victory came about; they have heard of heroes sacrificing themselves, but they may not appreciate the weight behind the sacrifice. Therefore, compared with documentaries of other themes, documentaries on the theme of the War of Resistance pay more attention to letting history out of the archives and into the hearts of the audience, especially the younger generation, not only to record, but also to closely link the past glorious years with the current value construction, so that the torch of the spirit can be passed on from generation to generation.
In order to tell the story of the War of Resistance well, new documentaries use small entry points, get rid of the preaching tone, and dissolve the separation between individuals and history. On the basis of respecting historical facts, more attention is paid to exploring the fate and perseverance of heroic figures, ordinary soldiers, and ordinary people in the war, and through micro-narratives, the historical picture is more three-dimensional and full, and more emotionally warm. "They Live Forever with Heaven and Earth" presents General Zuo Quan's (左权) letter to his wife and daughter: "Zhilan! (志兰) My dear, it is easy to say goodbye but difficult to meet, we have been separated for twenty-one months, when will we meet, miss you, miss you." The tenderness of the iron man and the warm dialogue make the hero flesh and blood. Shanghai (上海) children carrying ammunition on the battlefield, Chongqing (重庆) teachers repairing school buildings after the bombing, and rural teenagers clutching土炸弹 (tǔ zhà dàn - homemade bombs) and rushing towards tanks, these individuals who are easily overlooked by grand narratives are also vividly reproduced in documentaries such as "Burning Images" and "Mountains and Rivers Remember," echoing the profound truth that "greatness comes from the ordinary" from the perspective of ordinary people, allowing the audience to understand the national character behind the spirit of the War of Resistance.
Documentaries also continue to refresh the audience's audio-visual experience through technological iterations. With the help of CG (computer-generated images) reconstruction, digital high-definition, and AI repair, historical stories and historical figures lacking image records have the opportunity to "revive." Tong Yifei (佟亦非), the 103-year-old daughter of General Tong Linge (佟麟阁), faces her father's AI image from afar. While seeing the anti-Japanese hero, the audience also follows Tong Yifei (佟亦非) to immersively "touch" the bullet marks on the Lugou Bridge (卢沟桥) stone lion and understand what it means that "the Chinese nation has reached its most dangerous moment." "Burning Images" rescued 130,000 frames of images from 284 endangered films, and used 4K restoration, AI coloring and other technologies to re-present them to the audience. One side is the war in Nanjing (南京) in 1937, and the other side is Dr. Bethune's (白求恩) drops of sweat on the operating table, engraving a dual memory of the macro and micro of the War of Resistance in the audience's mind. Hearing the restored Chongqing (重庆) air-raid shelter alarm in "Mountains and Rivers as Witness," a young person left a message saying: "This is the sound that our ancestors heard back then." At this moment, the documentary built a digital bridge between generations.
Although the witnesses of the War of Resistance have passed away one after another, Generation Z is using the novel narrative of documentaries to shoulder the responsibility of spiritual inheritance in their own way. Song Kunru (宋坤儒), director of "1950 They Are Young," found that many post-00s enthusiastically recommended the documentary in their Moments after watching it, and also used the melody of "mighty and high-spirited" to match military training videos, so as to get close to history in this way. There are also some young creators who use animation or new media technology to reproduce the scenes of the War of Resistance, so that the memory of the War of Resistance is passed on among the young digital natives.
Eighty years of time, the form of carrying memories in the War of Resistance documentary is changing, the medals of the veterans have become 4K images, and the cheers of the square have become barrage messages, but what remains unchanged is the awe of history and the protection of the spirit. When the historical materials in the museum become stories in the documentary, and Generation Z discusses "how brave the people were back then" in the barrage, the spiritual fire that has been tempered by the war has found a new way of inheritance in the long river of images, illuminating the way forward.
Return to TopThis edition's email: wenyipl@peopledaily.cn
Layout design: Shen Yiling (沈亦伶)