Summary: The article emphasizes the Chinese Communist Party's commitment to self-strengthening, self-examination, and self-reform. It states that the Party recognizes the necessity of being robust itself and uses a strong sense of vigilance to continuously improve. The text highlights efforts to eliminate factors harming the Party's purity and to remove "viruses" eroding its health. Through this revolutionary forging, the Party aims to become more resilient and capable. No specific officials or U.S.-China relations are mentioned.
Summary: General Secretary Xi Jinping, in his speech at the 105th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party (CPC), called for firm confidence and continued struggle, laying out "five musts" for the new journey. These include adhering to the Party's basic theories, line, and principles; relying on the people to create history; actively addressing risks and challenges; promoting a community with a shared future for mankind; and advancing full and rigorous Party governance. Xi emphasized that confidence stems from the Party's historic achievements, its unique qualities, and the irreversible progress of national rejuvenation. No specific accompanying officials were mentioned in the report. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article, authored by a researcher from the Central Institute of Party History and Literature, traces the historical evolution and theoretical foundations of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) strict governance over itself. It quotes Xi Jinping emphasizing that effective party governance directly supports economic and social development, and that the party must persistently advance full and rigorous self-governance. The piece details how the CCP has applied strict discipline from its founding through successive historical periods, culminating in the comprehensive strategy under Xi since 2012. It argues that these practices have strengthened the party’s leadership, secured popular support, and enhanced Marxism’s vitality in China. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article emphasizes the CCP's longstanding commitment to scientific thinking methods as essential for analyzing and solving problems, quoting Xi Jinping on the need to master dialectical materialism and enhance various forms of strategic and systematic thinking. It references Mao Zedong’s advice to Chen Yun that errors stem from faulty thinking, not lack of experience, and highlights Xi’s call for cadres to study Marxist philosophy. The piece underscores 实事求是 (seeking truth from facts) as the fundamental methodology, applied to party building amid current domestic and international uncertainties. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
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Summary: The article reports that China's economy in the first half of the year grew 4.7% year-on-year, with major indicators within a reasonable range, as the government implemented proactive macro policies and developed new quality productive forces. It highlights the economy's resilience amid geopolitical shocks, with exports rising 13.4% and high-tech manufacturing output surging 13.3%. Emerging industries now contribute over 40% of growth, while the services sector's share of GDP reached 59.5%. However, the analysis acknowledges persistent challenges including weak domestic demand, structural imbalances, and external uncertainties. It calls for stronger counter-cyclical policies, deeper reforms, and measures to boost consumption and innovation to sustain the recovery.
Summary: The State Council's "15th Five-Year Plan for Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization" prioritizes deep processing and comprehensive utilization of agricultural products, aiming to transform agriculture from simple cultivation to value-added processing under the "grain head to food tail" strategy. This approach seeks to shift from selling raw commodities to selling quality and brands, securing national food security and boosting farmers' incomes. It advocates for a "big food" perspective that emphasizes nutrition and diversity over mere output, requiring quality control across the entire supply chain. The plan calls for expanding processing industries, developing clusters, and fostering leading enterprises, while acknowledging China's lag behind developed countries in processing conversion rates and value chains. Ultimately, strengthening the link between production and processing is essential for achieving agricultural modernization and rural revitalization.
Summary: The article discusses the rise of new consumption scenarios and business forms in rural China, driven by trends like holiday and experience economies, with rural retail sales reaching 3321.6 billion yuan in the first half of 2026. It highlights events such as "Village Super League" and "Village BA" as examples of how these innovations enrich both local life and tourist options. The piece emphasizes the need for unique, immersive experiences tailored to local characteristics to avoid homogeneity. It identifies key challenges: improving service infrastructure and standards, attracting young talent familiar with digital tools, and ensuring long-term, stable policy support. Finally, it calls for coordinated efforts between government and enterprises to transform rural areas into comprehensive consumption destinations, supporting rural revitalization.
Summary: The article examines China's "people's suggestions collection" system, a mechanism for soliciting public input on governance, and highlights its institutional support through policies like the 2023 Party and State institutional reform creating the Central Social Work Department. It notes successful local implementations in cities such as Shanghai and Beijing, but identifies shortcomings including unclear procedures, insufficient channels for elderly and gig workers, and weak conversion of suggestions into policy. Proposed solutions include establishing tiered legal frameworks, integrating online and offline platforms, boosting public participation through incentives and education, and creating a full-cycle tracking system to ensure suggestions are implemented. The article emphasizes that addressing these issues is essential to sustain public engagement and realize the system's potential in improving governance.
Summary: General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the 105th anniversary of the CPC emphasized that confidence arises from the Party's historic achievements and the irreversible progress of national rejuvenation. He outlined "five musts," urging adherence to the Party's basic theory, line, and strategy, reliance on the people, proactive risk response, continued promotion of a community with a shared future for mankind, and unwavering strict Party governance. Notably, Xi called for building a constructive strategic and stable relationship with the United States as part of global governance efforts. The address reaffirmed the centrality of the "two establishments" and the need to maintain the Party's unity under the leadership of the Central Committee. No accompanying officials were reported.
Summary: Chen Junwu, a renowned petroleum engineering expert and the only recipient from the energy and chemical sector, was awarded the "July 1 Medal" on the 105th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party. The article highlights his lifelong dedication to the Party and country, his pioneering innovations in catalytic cracking technology, and his strategic foresight on carbon reduction. It calls on all employees of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec) to learn from his example—his loyalty, innovative spirit, strategic vision, and selfless dedication—as the company embarks on its "second startup" toward becoming a world-leading energy and chemical firm. The tribute emphasizes that his legacy should inspire steadfast faith, technological self-reliance, and a commitment to national strategy. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article highlights President Xi Jinping's assertion that "benefiting the people is the greatest political achievement," linking this to the example of the "Zhangzhou 110" police unit. Xi, then Fujian deputy party secretary, wrote "people's protector" in 1996 after learning of their service. The piece emphasizes that officials must prioritize the people, pursue pragmatic results, uphold discipline, and let public satisfaction judge performance. It describes the unit's evolution into a nationwide model for community policing and social governance reform. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article, authored by the Tengzhou Municipal Party Organization Department head, details the city's cadre assessment system, which sends officials to the industrial frontline to boost performance. It describes methods like dynamic tracking and precise identification of cadres in areas such as招商引资 and project implementation. The system links assessment results to incentives, including training, rewards, and promotions, with 123 cadres promoted from economic frontline roles in three years. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article, written by the chairman of the Guizhou Writers Association, recounts the author's immersive fieldwork documenting poverty alleviation across Guizhou, emphasizing the transformative power of rooted storytelling. It quotes Xi Jinping’s call for writers to draw from their native soil to present a credible, lovable, and respectable image of China. The author describes Xi Jinping’s 2008 visit to a poor household in Tongren, where he delivered supplies and later inspired a resident to travel to Beijing to “see Xi Jinping more closely.” The piece highlights the tangible improvements in rural Guizhou, including infrastructure, migration, and residents’ newfound confidence, as evidence of a profound spiritual and material departure from poverty.
Summary: The article discusses the viral song "Jiahe Wanggang," which uses the name of a Guangzhou metro interchange as a metaphor for life's transitions and farewells. It highlights how the song's emotional resonance with themes of parting and perseverance has turned the station into a cultural symbol. The piece argues that such artistic works store collective memory and foster shared identity, leveraging Guangzhou's dynamic urban life as creative inspiration. No officials or U.S.-China relations are mentioned.
Summary: The article profiles Yan Fu, a pioneering Chinese enlightenment thinker and translator, and details his advocacy for science and patriotism. It notes that Xi Jinping, during his tenure in Fujian, actively promoted Yan Fu studies and edited the book *Science and Patriotism: New Explorations of Yan Fu's Thought*, praising Yan for "holding high the two banners of science and patriotism." Xi affirmed that Yan's ideas remain relevant today. The article includes no discussion of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article, authored by the chief engineer of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, argues that "computing-power and electricity coordination" (算电协同) is a critical national strategy for China to gain a competitive edge in global AI and tech competition. It highlights three dimensions: aligning computing resources with energy-rich regions, ensuring electricity grids support computing demand, and promoting green computing for industrial digitalization. The piece outlines current challenges, including surging power consumption from AI data centers and the need for green energy under China's dual-carbon goals, while calling for enhanced planning, technological breakthroughs, and international cooperation. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: Xi Jinping emphasized that implementing the innovation-driven development strategy requires promoting comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological (S&T) innovation as the core. The article reports that in the first half of 2026, despite complex external and internal challenges, China's economy remained resilient, owing to the Central Committee's focus on S&T self-reliance for modernization. It argues that amid intensifying global major power competition over core technologies, achieving high-level S&T self-reliance is essential for coping with the century-old changes and securing strategic initiative. The article calls for deepening reforms in the S&T system, strengthening national strategic S&T forces, improving the new nationwide mobilization system, and enhancing enterprise innovation to resolve "bottleneck" issues. Ultimately, it asserts that making S&T innovation the key variable for high-quality development is crucial for providing technological support for Chinese-style modernization.
Summary: The article traces the historical evolution of the Chinese Communist Party's strict governance (从严治党) from its founding through the current era, emphasizing Xi Jinping's directive that effective party management underpins economic and social development. It highlights Xi’s inclusion of "comprehensive and strict party governance" in the "Four Comprehensives" strategy, and details how post-2012 measures—such as the eight-point code, anti-corruption campaigns, and institutionalized discipline—have reshaped party leadership and restored public trust. The author, a researcher at the Central Party History and Literature Research Institute, argues that these practices have enhanced the party's authority, consolidated popular support, and demonstrated the vitality of Marxism in China. The summary concludes that lessons from this century-long experience—including political primacy, systemic integration, and rule-based governance—are now being applied to advance Chinese-style modernization. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article discusses Beijing’s “immediate response to complaints” (接诉即办) reform as a model for Chinese-style megacity governance. During a 2026 inspection, President Xi Jinping instructed officials to uphold the people-centered city concept, improve basic public services, and use this mechanism to solve citizens’ urgent problems. The reform has transformed governance from passive responses to proactive management, achieving a 97.3% resolution rate and 97.7% satisfaction rate. It highlights party leadership, resource decentralization to grassroots levels, and systematic coordination as essential for modernizing urban governance. The author is Zhang Shuhua, president of the Chinese Political Science Association.
Summary: The article examines the rising frequency of typhoons that maintain intensity or residual circulation after landfall and penetrate deep into China's inland regions, posing new meteorological risks. It attributes this phenomenon to sustained moisture supply, stable atmospheric circulation, and complex terrain. The analysis highlights that inland typhoons shift disaster impacts from wind to extreme, prolonged rainfall, triggering cascading hazards like floods, landslides, and urban waterlogging. It identifies critical challenges for inland areas, including inadequate specialized预案, limited precision warning capabilities, and weak infrastructure, which hinder effective disaster governance. The piece, authored by a senior engineer from the China Meteorological Administration, calls for tailored emergency plans, enhanced monitoring, and systemic resilience-building to manage these emerging risks.
Summary: The article emphasizes that adolescent mental health is critical to China’s "Healthy China 2030" and education goals, noting that psychological crises among youth are increasingly complex due to social changes, lower onset ages, and hidden symptoms. It identifies key challenges in crisis intervention: fragmented risk identification across schools and grades, inconsistent service continuity during school leave and re-entry, and weak cross-departmental coordination between education and health authorities. To address these, the piece advocates for strengthened data-driven monitoring systems, full-cycle care protocols including re-entry support, and institutionalized inter-agency collaboration, citing pilot practices in Beijing and Shanghai. No specific official statements or U.S.-related content are reported.
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Focus on strengthening oneself, always full of vigor and vitality. Our Party is clearly aware that to forge iron, one must be strong itself, and is adept at examining itself in light of the requirements of the times, alerting itself with a strong sense of urgency, perfecting itself with the spirit of self-revolution, attaching great importance to its own construction, resolutely eliminating all factors that harm the Party’s advanced nature and purity, eliminating all viruses that erode the Party’s healthy organism, and becoming stronger and more powerful through revolutionary tempering.
Return to TopBy: 中央党校（国家行政学院）马克思主义学院
The annals of history across millennia, 鉴往知来 (jiàn wǎng zhī lái - “examine the past to know the future,” to learn from history), and confidence is like a torch, its path shining bright. In his important speech at the ceremony marking the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping, with 高屋建瓴 (gāo wū jiàn líng - “pour water from a rooftop,” to operate from a strategically advantageous height), a broad vision, and profound thinking, embodied a strong spirit of historical initiative, conveying to the entire Party unyielding belief and confidence. This confidence comes from the great achievements over the past 105 years that our Party has led the people to create, which 举世瞩目 (jǔ shì zhǔ mù - “attract worldwide attention,” remarkable); from our Party’s excellent qualities that are 无可比拟 (wú kě bǐ nǐ - “incomparable,” beyond compare) by other political parties and forces; and from the fact that the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process and ushered in unprecedented bright prospects. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly put forward the “five musts” (五个必须), systematically expounding the practical requirements for strengthening confidence and continuing the struggle on the new journey of the exam, issuing a great call to the entire Party to forge ahead on a new journey and make new achievements in the new era, and providing scientific guidance for our Party to continuously create new accomplishments worthy of the times and the people.
To strengthen confidence and continue the struggle, it is necessary to adhere to the Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic policy.
The Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic policy are major achievements gained through arduous exploration by the Party and the people, and are the fundamental guidelines for the cause of the Party and the state. Lenin pointed out, “We must go our own way and persistently carry out our own systematic work. The less we rely on chance, the less we will be at a loss due to any ‘historical turn’.” Adhering to the Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic policy means strengthening confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics (道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信), firming the resolve to keep the path unchanged and the will unwavering, and guarding the foundation, source, root, and soul of Chinese-style modernization, so that all work of the Party and the state always maintains the correct political direction.
The advanced nature of a Marxist political party is first embodied in its advanced nature in ideology and theory. In long-term exploration and practice, the Communist Party of China has continuously promoted the sinicization and modernization of Marxism, forming and developing the Party’s basic theory, enabling our Party to always be at the forefront of the times, fully demonstrating the glorious tradition and unique advantages of building the Party through ideology and strengthening the Party through theory. Since the new era, Chinese Communists with Comade Xi Jinping as their main representative have deeply applied the “two combines” (两个结合 - combining the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture), scientifically answering the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times, and founding Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This thought, 承前启后 (chéng qián qǐ hòu - “inherit the past and usher in the future,” to carry on the past heritage and open up the future) and 继往开来 (jì wǎng kāi lái - “carry forward the cause and forge ahead into the future,” to continue the past and open up the future), is the Marxism of contemporary China concerning China’s future and destiny, and the Marxism of the 21st century concerning the prospects of scientific socialism. It has not only opened up a new realm of Marxism and a new realm of socialism with Chinese characteristics, but also opened up a new realm of the Party’s governance and a new realm of Party management. To learn, understand, and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era thoroughly is to know its words and also its meaning, to know the what and the why, to focus on grasping the scientific worldview and methodology that run through it, to form a long-term mechanism of casting the soul through learning, increasing wisdom through learning, rectifying conduct through learning, and promoting action through learning (以学铸魂、以学增智、以学正风、以学促干), and to make full use of this powerful ideological weapon guiding us to transform the subjective and objective worlds.
The line is the key link; when the key link is grasped, the meshes spread out (纲举目张 - gāng jǔ mù zhāng - “when the headrope is lifted, the meshes open,” to grasp the key link and everything falls into place). Mao Zedong pointed out, “The correctness or incorrectness of the ideological and political line determines everything,” and emphasized, “If we truly forget the Party’s general line and general policy, we will be blind, incomplete, and unclear revollutionaries.” After reform and opening up, the 13th National Congress of the Party formally established the Party’s basic line for the primary stage of socialism. Deng Xiaoping pointed out, “The basic line must be upheld for one hundred years, and it must not be shaken.” Entering the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has unswervingly implemented economic construction as the center, which is the key to rejuvenating the country, emphasizing that development is the foundation and key to solving all our country’s problems, and clearly stating that high-quality development is the hard truth of the new era; adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles as the foundation for building the country, emphasizing that maintaining the correct path ensures not losing direction and not making subversive mistakes; unswervingly deepening reform and opening up comprehensively, emphasizing that reform and opening up are the most distinct character of contemporary Chinese Communists and an important magic weapon for the cause of the Party and the people to catch up with the times. Thoroughly implementing the Party’s basic line means firmly grasping high-quality development as the primary task in building a modern socialist country in all respects, upholding and improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, not taking the old path of closed-door rigidity or the wrong path of 改旗易帜 (gǎi qí yì zhì - “change the flag and alter the system,” to abandon socialism), and continuously enhancing the momentum and vitality of socialist modernization.
With a certain strategy, there will be certain achievements. Since reform and opening up, our Party has made unremitting explorations on how to build socialism with Chinese characteristics. From the 16th National Congress’s profound summary of the “ten basic experiences” that must be upheld, to the 18th National Congress’s proposal to firmly grasp the “eight basic requirements”, and then to the 19th National Congress’s proposal of the “fourteen upholds” basic policy, our Party has made systematic planning and overall arrangements from a strategic and overall perspective on a series of fundamental, directional, and principled issues concerning upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Party’s basic policy is the Party’s action program in the new era, covering all aspects of reform, development, and stability; domestic affairs, foreign affairs, national defense; and governing the Party, the state, and the military. It is a highly condensed and scientific summary of our Party’s major policy principles for governing the country in the new era, and is the practical requirement for implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. On the new journey, we must adhere to the principle of understanding the substance and applying it (明体达用、体用贯通), comprehensively grasp and implement the Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic policy, deeply understand the internal logic of the scientific system of the “fourteen upholds” basic policy, deeply comprehend the original theoretical contributions and profound principles, theories, and philosophies contained therein, closely combine with reality to identify the target and focus of implementation, and continuously promote new victories in the cause of the Party and the people.
To strengthen confidence and continue the struggle, it is necessary to firmly rely on the people to create great historical achievements.
The question of for whom and relying on whom is the touchstone for testing the nature of a political party and a regime. Deeply rooted in the people and always having a solid foundation is a very important excellent quality of our Party. For over a hundred years, our Party has always stood with, thought with, and worked with the people. Entering the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to a people-centered development philosophy, actively developed whole-process people’s democracy, strengthened inclusive, basic, and bottom-line livelihood guarantees, historically eliminated absolute poverty and regional overall poverty, built the world’s largest education system, social security system, medical and health system, and urban housing security system, regarded the ecological environment as the most equitable public product and the most inclusive welfare for the people, and deeply fought the battles for blue skies, clear waters, and clean soil. The people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security have become more substantial, more secure, and more sustainable. On the new journey, we must follow the Party’s mass line in the new era, persist in regarding the people as the root of our Party’s life, the foundation of its governance, and the source of its strength, always stand firm in the fundamental stance, keep in mind the fundamental purpose, and fulfill the fundamental mission.
Draw the living source of rejuvenating the Party and strengthening the country from relying on the people. The people are a vast sea of strength and also a vast sea of wisdom. Marxist historical materialism holds that the masses are the subject of social history and the decisive force in social change. Since the new era, our Party has closely united and relied on the people, coordinated the promotion of the “five-sphere integrated plan” (五位一体总体布局) and the “four-pronged comprehensive strategy” (四个全面战略布局), fully recognized that in building a modern socialist country in all respects, the people are the decisive force, always remembered that only by relying on the people for reform can reform have momentum, insisted on regarding the people as the broadest and deepest foundation of law-based governance in all respects, paid attention to unblocking the two channels of the people’s suggestions and criticism and supervision to advance full and rigorous Party governance, and fully stimulated the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the broad masses in the development of the Party and the state’s cause. On the new journey, we must continuously strengthen the people as the greatest source of confidence for our Party’s governance, deeply root the growth of political wisdom and the enhancement of governance capabilities in the people’s creative practice, and unleash the mighty power of the billions of people to advance Chinese-style modernization.
Write a new answer sheet for strengthening the country and enriching the people in serving the people. When the Communist Party is in power, it must do things for the common people and handle the common people’s affairs well. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that in Chinese-style modernization, people’s livelihoods are paramount; modernization must not only look at paper indicators and data, but also at the people’s happiness and well-being. He issued “three soul-searching questions” (灵魂三问) to leading cadres at all levels, asking them to often ask themselves: Are you busy with things unrelated to the Party’s fundamental purpose? Are you wholeheartedly doing things for the common people? Are you working around the central tasks of the Party and the state? General Secretary Xi Jinping’s profound reminder and encouragement to the entire Party are imbued with his consistently practiced deep feelings for the people. Whether it was during his time in Fujian when he “went to Xiaqi twice” (两赴下岐), “entered Xiadang three times” (三进下党), and “visited Tanyang four times” (四进坦洋), bending down to visit remote areas to inquire about hardships, or during his time in Zhejiang when he promoted the implementation of the “three major projects” of mountain-sea collaboration, underdeveloped townships catching up to moderate prosperity, and ten-billion-yuan assistance for prosperity, General Secretary Xi Jinping was always deeply concerned about the safety and well-being of the people. Such profound love has been further deepened and expanded in the great practice of the new era. Our Party regards the people’s happiness in life as the “greatest of state affairs” (国之大者), achieving a thick and brilliant report card on people’s livelihoods. On the new journey, we must take benefiting the people as the greatest political achievement, focus on the people’s urgent, difficult, anxious, and expectant problems, solve the common people’s worries and troubles, place the promotion of common prosperity for all people in a more prominent position, and let the fruits of modernization benefit all people more and more fairly.
Strike the strong note of the times of united and striving together in uniting the people. When many forces combine, ten thousand jun are lifted; when people’s hearts are united, Mount Tai can be moved. The Chinese Dream is the dream of the country, the dream of the nation, and also the dream of every son and daughter of China. Since the 18th National Congress, our Party has consolidated and developed the broadest patriotic united front, made consolidating the sense of community for the Chinese nation (铸牢中华民族共同体意识) the main line of Party work on ethnic affairs in the new era and the main line of all work in ethnic regions, continuously strengthened political guidance for people in new social strata, emphasized that “private enterprises and private entrepreneurs are our own people,” cared about more than 60 million overseas Chinese, widely gathered the hearts and strengths of overseas Chinese, and promoted the continuous consolidation and development of the great unity of all ethnic groups, the great unity of the people of the whole country, and the great unity of all sons and daughters of China. Our Party has created a glorious history through united struggle, and must rely on united struggle to create a bright future. On the new journey, we must draw the largest concentric circle (同心圆) for building a strong country and national rejuvenation, truly unite the sons and daughters of China from different parties, different ethnic groups, different strata, different groups, and different beliefs, fully gather wisdom and strength from all sides, jointly participate in the grand undertaking of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and form a powerful force that marches forward courageously and breaks all obstacles.
To strengthen confidence and continue the struggle, it is necessary to actively respond to risks and challenges on the road ahead.
In the process of Chinese-style modernization, there are not only gentle breezes and bright sun, but also strong winds and torrential rains, even raging waves. Preventing risks and challenges must be consistent. General Secretary Xi Jinping has deeply expounded the “barrel principle” (木桶原理), pointing out that “If a barrel has a short board, it cannot be filled with water, but if the bottom of the barrel has a hole, it cannot hold water. We must be good at filling the short boards, but also pay attention to reinforcing the bottom board. Preventing and defusing all kinds of major risks is reinforcing the bottom board.” Since the 18th National Congress, our Party has coordinated high-quality development and high-level security, creatively proposed a holistic view of national security (总体国家安全观), accelerated the modernization of the national security system and capacity, carried out a great struggle with many new historical features, and withstood tests of risks and challenges from politics, economy, ideology, nature, and other aspects. Currently, the unprecedented changes unseen in a century are accelerating, domestic reform and development tasks are arduous and heavy, our country’s development is in a period where strategic opportunities and risk challenges coexist and uncertain and unpredictable factors increase. On the road ahead, we will inevitably face various foreseeable and unforeseeable risks and tests. We must always maintain strategic clarity, establish bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking, exhibit a sense of responsibility that is “always concerned” (时时放心不下), and effectively safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
Focus on improving the ability to scientifically foresee changes. The wise change with the times; the knowledgeable adapt with events. Since the 18th National Congress, our Party has keenly grasped changes in the development environment and conditions, systematically proposed the new development concept, in response to the headwinds and countercurrents of globalization, assessed the situation and proposed building a new development pattern, followed the wave of global industrial change, emphasized developing new quality productive forces (新质生产力) according to local conditions, insisted on advancing in the logic of historical progress and developing in the trend of the times, and continuously achieved seeking novelty in change, progress in change, and breakthroughs in change. Currently, changes of the world, changes of the times, and changes of history are unfolding in unprecedented ways. For example, the acceleration of technology iteration cycles and the outbreak of disruptive innovations are constantly spawning new production methods, lifestyles, learning methods, and working methods. China’s population has generally shifted from incremental growth to decremental growth. Many new changes in economic and social development are coupled into complex chain reactions. In this regard, we must continuously strengthen strategic, systematic, and forward-looking research and planning, strive to cultivate the ability to “see that when the tip of the mast just emerges, it will develop into a large and common thing” (当桅杆顶刚刚露出的时候，就能看出这是要发展成为大量的普遍的东西), and use the wisdom to recognize change, the method to respond to change, and the courage to seek change to steer the ever-changing situation, strive to cultivate opportunities in crises and open up new situations in changing circumstances.
Focus on strengthening the ability to timely perceive risks. Predicting the location of risks is the prerequisite for preventing risks; grasping the direction of risks is the key to seeking strategic initiative. Only by constantly observing the general trend and thinking about the overall situation can we achieve “when the grass shakes and leaves rustle, know that a deer has passed; when the pine wind rises, know that a tiger is coming,” and realize security without forgetting danger, existence without forgetting perdition, governance without forgetting chaos. Currently, various risks facing our country’s development exhibit new complex features: external risks and internal risks transmit to each other, traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats interlace and overlap, sudden risks and structural risks are interrelated. Frontier technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, and biotechnology, while empowering humanity, also bring a series of uncontrollable challenges. Major natural disasters, production safety accidents, and public health events still occur from time to time. The safety of overseas institutions, projects, and personnel faces realistic risks. Various “black swan” and “gray rhino” events require high attention. We must be good at seeing problems from a political perspective, assessing risks from an overall perspective, responding to low-probability events with high-probability thinking, using keen insight and the initiative to prepare for rain before it drizzles, to timely discover and effectively handle risk hazards.
Focus on enhancing the ability to effectively respond to challenges. “Just as one enters a circle of ten thousand mountains, one mountain releases and another blocks.” No political party in the world has encountered so many hardships and obstacles as we have. The Communist Party of China has forged itself, matured and grown through continuously and successfully responding to challenges. Currently, we are at a time when the boat is in the midstream and the waves are more urgent, when people are on the halfway up the mountain and the path is steeper; a time when the more one advances, the harder it becomes, the more dangerous it becomes, and yet if one does not advance, one retreats, and one must advance. We must draw valuable experience from history in responding to risks and challenges, and use systematic thinking to advance risk governance in a coordinated manner. Examine risks with universal and connected perspectives, govern risks in an overall and coordinated way, look at the worst case, make the fullest preparation, strive towards the good direction, and strive for the best outcome. On the road ahead, the greater the risk challenges, the more we must carry forward the spirit of struggle and strengthen our ability to struggle. Deeply understand that seeking security through struggle leads to security surviving, while seeking security through weakness and compromise leads to security perishing. In various major struggles, persist in unifying the enhancement of awareness of potential dangers with maintaining strategic focus, unifying strategic judgment with tactical decisiveness, and unifying the struggle process with the struggle effect, ensuring that the giant ship of the Chinese rejuvenation rides the winds and cleaves the waves, and moves 行稳致远 (xíng wěn zhì yuǎn - “walk steadily and reach far,” to move forward steadily and achieve long-term goals).
To strengthen confidence and continue the struggle, it is necessary to continuously promote building a community with a shared future for mankind.
Adhering to a global vision is an important historical experience of the Communist Party of China’s struggle over more than one hundred years. Our Party is not only committed to seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, but also committed to seeking progress for humanity and harmony for the world. Since the 18th National Congress, China has actively led the direction of reform of the international system and order, and played an increasingly important and constructive role in international affairs. Currently, the international situation is undergoing the most profound evolution since the end of World War II. The depth of change is rare in history, the intensity of chaos is more prominent, and humanity once again stands at a crossroads. On the new journey, we must adhere to the principles of confidence and self-reliance, openness and inclusiveness, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation, always stand on the correct side of history and on the side of human civilization progress, shape a new pattern of relations between our country and the world, create a good external environment for advancing Chinese-style modernization, and make new and greater contributions to the noble cause of human peace and development.
Adhere to the Marxist world historical theory, deeply grasp the historical trend of the shared destiny of humanity. The great way is not solitary; the world is one family. Today, the depth of interconnection and interdependence among countries is unprecedented. Faced with the century-old question of “What is wrong with the world? What should we do?” General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively proposed the major concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind, fully demonstrating 高瞻远瞩 (gāo zhān yuǎn zhǔ - “look far ahead from a height,” farsighted) strategic vision and the world-mindedness of 立己达人 (lì jǐ dá rén - “establish oneself and help others to thrive,” to benefit oneself while benefiting others). Since the 18th National Congress, China has proposed a series of community of shared future initiatives at the global governance, regional, and bilateral levels. China’s initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative and the Global AI Governance Initiative have become global public goods widely welcomed by the international community. Whether it is proposing to build a constructive strategic and stable relationship between China and the United States, or proposing to forge a partnership between China and Europe focusing on peace, growth, reform, and civilization, or upholding a correct view of righteousness and benefit to strengthen solidarity and cooperation with developing countries, leading and promoting the Global South to unite and strengthen themselves, China thinks and acts more from the perspective of the overall interests of the whole world and all humanity, displaying growing influence, appeal, and shaping power on the international stage. On the new journey, we must promote global governance based on extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, link China’s development more closely with world development, and continuously transform the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind into rich practice.
Promote the common values of all mankind to provide value norms for building a new type of international relations. Resolving the prominent contradictions and problems facing humanity requires relying on material means to overcome difficulties and also relying on spiritual strength to rectify the mind and cultivate sincerity. General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively proposed the common values of all mankind: peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom, breaking the long-term monopoly of Western “universal values” discourse, transcending differences in ideology, social system, and development level, and finding the greatest common divisor for reforming the global governance system. Entering the new era, China has promoted countries to carry out civilizational dialogue and exchange cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual respect, jointly with Brazil and other Global South countries initiated the “Friends of Peace” group for the Ukraine crisis to accumulate conditions for ceasefire and negotiations, facilitated the historic reconciliation and resumption of diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran, played a constructive role in the Thailand-Cambodia border dispute, launched and promoted the establishment of the International Mediation Organization, and with the due responsibility of a major country, effectively defended the value cornerstone of building a better world. To further promote the common values of all mankind, we must understand different civilizations’ understanding of value connotations with an open and inclusive broad mind, respect the explorations of people in different countries on paths to realize values, and make the common values of all mankind truly become an international consensus commonly accepted and universally practiced by people of all countries.
Implement the four major global initiatives and promote countries to jointly respond to challenges and achieve common prosperity. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that China does not pursue modernization that isolates itself, and welcomes more foreign friends to actively participate in the process of Chinese-style modernization. China is willing to, based on the concept of win-win cooperation, continuously provide new opportunities for world development with new achievements in Chinese-style modernization, and work with all parties to strive to promote world modernization featuring peace, development, mutual benefit, and common prosperity. In today’s world, the peace deficit, development deficit, security deficit, and governance deficit are increasing rather than decreasing. General Secretary Xi Jinping has successively proposed the Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, Global Civilization Initiative, and Global Governance Initiative, systematically answering the major question of “what kind of world to build and how to build it,” reflecting a correct view of history, the big picture, and China’s role, injecting stability and certainty into a turbulent world, and becoming an important support for building a community with a shared future for mankind. On the road ahead, we must always adhere to true multilateralism, uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core, promote the four global initiatives to take root, blossom, and bear fruit, and continuously open up bright prospects for the world toward peace, security, prosperity, and progress.
To strengthen confidence and continue the struggle, it is necessary to persistently promote full and rigorous governance of the Party.
Getting China’s affairs done well depends on the Party, and depends on comprehensive and rigorous governance of the Party. Advancing Party building as a great project, and always adhering to the principle and policy of the Party governing itself and governing with rigor, is a major pioneering creation of our Party, and also a magic weapon for establishing the Party and the country, and for rejuvenating the Party and strengthening the country. Since the 18th National Congress, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has taken full and rigorous Party governance as the distinctive theme of Party building in the new era. Starting from formulating and implementing the Central Eight-Point Regulation (中央八项规定) to break the ice, persistently rectifying conduct and discipline, carrying out an unprecedented anti-corruption struggle with the mission and responsibility of “offending thousands of people, let us live up to 1.4 billion” (得罪千百人，不负十四亿), the situation of lax and gentle management of the Party has been fundamentally reversed, and the Party’s capabilities of self-purification, self-perfection, self-revolution, and self-improvement have been significantly enhanced. As a century-old major party, how to forever maintain its advanced nature and purity, forever maintain its youthful vitality, how to forever win the support and backing of the people, and how to achieve long-term governance are fundamental issues that we must answer and solve well. We must fully implement Xi Jinping’s thoughts on Party building, and use higher standards and more solid measures to govern and invigorate the Party.
To persistently promote full and rigorous Party governance, we must take the “two upholds” (两个维护 - upholding Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the whole Party, and upholding the Central Committee’s authority and centralized, unified leadership) as the Party’s highest political principle and fundamental political rule. Practice has repeatedly proved that at critical historical moments and major tests, the judgment, decision-making, and action capabilities of the Party Central Committee are decisive. Since the 18th National Congress, the fundamental reason for the historic achievements and historic changes in the cause of the Party and the state is the leadership and navigation of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The “two establishes” (两个确立 - establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the whole Party, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era) are the greatest certainty, greatest confidence, and greatest guarantee for the Party and the people to cope with all uncertainties. The “15th Five-Year Plan” period (十五五时期) is a key period for consolidating the foundation and making full-scale efforts to basically realize socialist modernization. Faced with the extremely heavy tasks of Chinese-style modernization and the severe and complex governance environment, we must more firmly uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, especially the centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee, unswervingly support, trust, be loyal to, and uphold the core, ensuring the whole Party unified in thinking, will, and action.
To persistently promote full and rigorous Party governance, we must take the Party’s political construction as the lead to strengthen all aspects of Party building. The Party’s political construction is the fundamental construction of the Party, determining the direction and effect of Party building. Only by accurately grasping the political direction, adhering to the Party’s political leadership, consolidating the political foundation, cultivating the political ecosphere, preventing political risks, forever maintaining political nature, and improving political capacity can we provide a strong guarantee for our Party’s continuous development and growth, from victory to victory. On the new journey, we must highlight the political function and organizational function of Party organizations, insist on the coordinated efforts of ideological Party building and institutional Party governance, insist on grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, and integrate the promotion of not daring to be corrupt, not being able to be corrupt, and not wanting to be corrupt (一体推进不敢腐不能腐不想腐). Using political strengthening to lead and drive the overall improvement of Party building quality, promote organic articulation, linkage integration, and coordinated coordination of all aspects of Party building, continuously enhance the Party’s political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, and ensure that the Party remains a strong leadership core in the historical process of adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
To persistently promote full and rigorous Party governance, we must further improve the system of full and rigorous Party governance. Today, our Party has developed into the world’s largest ruling party with more than 100 million members and significant global influence. Greatness has its advantages, and greatness also has its difficulties. Currently, the anti-corruption struggle situation is still severe and complex, the task of eradicating the soil and conditions for corruption is still arduous and heavy, and the Party’s self-revolution is always on the way. We must unswervingly push forward full and rigorous Party governance to greater depth. The core of full and rigorous Party governance is to strengthen the Party’s leadership, the foundation lies in comprehensiveness, the key lies in rigor, and the crux lies in governance. We must use systematic thinking and scientific methods to advance the full coverage of content, full coverage of objects, full chain of responsibility, and full integration of systems in Party management and governance. Focus on strictness in thought, strictness in supervision, strictness in discipline enforcement, strictness in cadre management, strictness in conduct, and strictness in anti-corruption. Improve the organizational system that is vertically connected and execution-oriented; the education system that consolidates the foundation and nourishes the root, unites hearts, and casts the soul (固本培元 - gù běn péi yuán - “consolidate the foundation and cultivate the root,” to strengthen the foundations; 凝心铸魂 - níng xīn zhù hún - “concentrate the mind and cast the soul,” to unite hearts and forge the soul); the regulatory system that is precisely targeted and 标本兼治 (biāo běn jiān zhì - “treat both the symptoms and the root causes,” to address both surface and underlying issues); the institutional system that is scientifically complete and effective; and the responsibility system with clear subjects and clear requirements, so that all work of full and rigorous Party governance better reflects the times, grasps the laws, and is rich in creativity.
Achievement requires ambition; enterprise requires diligence. On the new journey, the entire Party must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, firmly grasp the clear requirements of the “five musts,” transform firm confidence into a powerful force for overcoming difficulties and taking responsibility, and continuously open up new prospects for the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
Return to TopBy: 沈传宝
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The more effective the governance of the Party and self-governance, the stronger the guarantee for economic and social development. We must persistently and unremittingly advance full and strict governance over the Party with the tenacity and resolve of always being on the road.” To handle China’s affairs well, the key lies in our Party, in the level of governance of the Party and self-governance. This is a fundamental conclusion reached by our Party in the great practice of leading the people in revolution, construction, reform, and the new era. Over more than one hundred years of unremitting struggle, the Communist Party of China has always adhered to the principle that the Party must govern itself and do so strictly, until in the new era it proposed and implemented the strategic policy of full and strict governance over the Party, driving historic changes in the face of the Party and the country, accumulating rich experience in governing and managing the Party, and leaving profound inspiration for further advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era.
Historical Process and Theoretical Exploration of Strictly Governing and Managing the Party
Strict governance over the Party is an important guarantee for the development of the Party’s cause. At whatever stage the cause of the Party and the people develops, governance and management of the Party must follow to that stage, running strict requirements through the entire process of governing and managing the Party, using the political courage of self-reform to focus on solving outstanding problems within the Party, achieving proper management of the Party, effective governance of the Party, and effective Party building. From this perspective, the more than one hundred years of struggle history of the Communist Party of China is both a history of continuously strengthening its own construction and a history of continuously strictly governing and managing the Party.
The Communist Party of China was born amidst the 血雨腥风 (xuè yǔ xīng fēng – “bloody rain and fetid wind,” describing a reign of terror) of white terror, and from the very beginning established strict standards for Party membership and admission procedures. Important documents such as the first program of the Party adopted at the First National Congress and the first Party Constitution adopted at the Second National Congress stipulated requirements concerning political discipline, organizational discipline, and confidentiality discipline, laying the distinctive foundation of strict discipline and strict management that the Communist Party of China has long maintained.
During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, our Party carried out the initial practice and theoretical exploration of building and managing the Party under conditions of revolutionary war. In this period, the Party was in the process of seizing state power and seeking survival and development, and therefore it particularly emphasized strict education and management of Party members, putting forward requirements such as “be strict within the Party, be lenient outside the Party” and “all manifestations of non-proletarian consciousness within the Party must be sternly corrected and prevented through work and struggle.” In the harsh environment of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Party launched the rectification movement, sharpened inner-Party political life, and ensured the Party’s purity and combat effectiveness. After the War of Liberation began, facing the dual tasks of war and land reform, the Party carried out a Party consolidation movement, making its ties with the masses even closer. Mao Zedong put forward the slogan “Strengthen discipline, and the revolution will be invincible,” providing an important guarantee for strictly unifying the actions of the entire Party and army and achieving victory in the revolution.
During the period of socialist revolution and construction, our Party arduously explored the path of governing and managing the Party under the conditions of nationwide governance. Mao Zedong repeatedly stressed the need to be highly vigilant and focused on preventing the corruption and degeneration of Party cadres, warning the entire Party “not to form a privileged stratum divorced from the people.” To this end, in the early days of the founding of New China, rectification campaigns were carried out throughout the Party to overcome complacency about achievements and arrogance, as well as bureaucracy and commandism; Party consolidation was conducted to educate on what constitutes a qualified Communist Party member under governance conditions; the “Three-Antis” Campaign (三反运动) was launched, and the case of corruption and embezzlement involving Liu Qingshan (刘青山) and Zhang Zishan (张子善) was decisively handled, demonstrating the consistent attitude of strict governance over the Party after seizing power. The Eighth National Congress of the Party put forward a series of policies for strengthening the construction of the governing Party, including vigilance against the governing Party becoming divorced from the masses and from reality, and emphasizing supervision over Party organizations and Party members. During this period, although our Party experienced serious twists and turns, the Party and the people shared hardships (同甘共苦 - tóng gān gòng kǔ - “share sweetness and bitterness together,” to share weal and woe), overcame difficulties, maintained fine traditions and style, and accumulated preliminary experience in building a governing Party.
During the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, our Party proposed and adhered to the principle that to govern the country well, the Party must first be governed well, and that governing the Party must be strict, initiating and advancing the great new project of Party building. At the beginning of reform and opening up, summing up historical experience and lessons, Deng Xiaoping raised the major proposition: “What kind of party should a governing party be, how should the members of a governing party be qualified, and how should the party be good at leading?” The Party resolutely opposed the argument that “the economy should be enlivened, so discipline should be loosened,” and severely cracked down on various unhealthy tendencies and violations of discipline and regulations. In 1987, the report of the Thirteenth National Congress of the Party emphasized that “the Party must be strictly governed.” The Fourteenth National Congress stressed the need to “persist in the principle that the Party must govern itself and do so strictly, and strengthen and improve Party building,” and wrote “strict governance over the Party” into the General Program of the Party Constitution. The Sixteenth National Congress proposed that “the policy of the Party governing itself and governing strictly must be adhered to.”
Since the Eighteenth National Congress, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has taken full and strict governance over the Party as the distinctive theme of Party building in the new era, opening up a new realm of self-reform for a century-old major Party. General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the major proposition of “full and strict governance over the Party,” which was later incorporated into the “Four Comprehensives” strategic layout (四个全面战略布局). General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Full and strict governance over the Party, the core is to strengthen the Party’s leadership, the foundation is in comprehensiveness, the key is in strictness, and the crux is in governance.” The proposal of the strategic policy of full and strict governance over the Party profoundly revealed the breadth, depth, and intensity of governing and managing the Party in the new era. Our Party began by formulating and implementing the Central Eight-Point Regulation on improving work style and maintaining close ties with the masses (中央八项规定), took political Party building as the lead, used theoretical armed forces to unite souls and cast the spirit, used rectification of work style to 激浊扬清 (jī zhuó yáng qīng - “dredge the muddy and channel the clear,” to eliminate the bad and promote the good), used strict governance of officials to correct the orientation of personnel selection, used “catching tigers” (打虎), “swatting flies” (拍蝇), and “hunting foxes” (猎狐) to punish corruption, especially took strengthening discipline building as the fundamental solution for full and strict governance over the Party, took rectifying work style, rigorously observing discipline, and fighting corruption as important contents of full and strict governance over the Party, advanced governance and management of the Party with unprecedented determination, courage, and strength, curbed some unhealthy tendencies that had long remained unchecked, and corrected some chronic and stubborn problems that had persisted for years. Full and strict governance over the Party in the new era has provided a strong political guarantee for the historic achievements and historic changes in the cause of the Party and the country.
Revolutionary Forging and Historic Contributions of the Party in Strict Governance
For over one hundred years, our Party has never forgotten its original aspiration and mission, insisted on strictly governing and managing the Party, overcome various difficulties and dangers, propelled the Chinese nation’s great leap from standing up and growing rich to becoming strong, and written the most magnificent epic in the thousands of years of Chinese history.
The long-term practice of strict governance has strengthened the Party’s leadership, especially the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. The purpose of full and strict governance over the Party is to strengthen the Party’s leadership, and upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the highest principle of the Party’s leadership. Reviewing the Party’s history, one can see that whenever the Party’s leadership was upheld and improved, the cause of the Party and the people developed healthily; whenever the Party’s leadership was weakened or even abandoned, the cause of the Party and the people suffered setbacks or even failure. The Zunyi Meeting held in 1935 actually established Comrade Mao Zedong’s leading position in the Party Central Committee and the Red Army, began to establish the leading position of the correct Marxist line represented mainly by Comrade Mao Zedong in the Party Central Committee, and saved the Party, the Red Army, and the Chinese revolution at the most critical juncture. After governing nationwide, our Party realized unified leadership of the Party, providing a fundamental political guarantee for restoring the national economy, establishing the socialist system, and advancing socialist construction. After reform and opening up, the Party proposed strengthening and improving the Party’s leadership, insisting on “grasping with both hands, both hands must be firm,” providing a fundamental political guarantee for reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. Since the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adopted a series of innovative measures to uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, the Party leadership system has been continuously improved, the mechanism for implementing the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee has been continuously strengthened, and the Party’s political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social mobilization have been significantly enhanced.
The long-term practice of strict governance has won the support and endorsement of the people, fundamentally changing the future and destiny of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. Strict governance conforms to the Party’s heart and the people’s will, reflecting the direction of popular sentiment. For more than one hundred years, our Party has always stood with the people, thought with the people, and worked with the people. Especially since the new era, the Party Central Committee, with the strong mission and sense of responsibility to “offend thousands of people rather than fail 1.4 billion,” has used the actual effectiveness of full and strict governance over the Party to win the trust of the people, consolidated the red regime, and gained historical initiative. In this process, the Party has persisted in seeking progress for humanity and common good for the world, led the people to successfully embark on the Chinese path to modernization, created a new form of human civilization, promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and contributed Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese strength to solving major human problems.
The long-term practice of strict governance has demonstrated the powerful vitality of Marxism and shown the vitality and vigor of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Why the Communist Party of China can do it, why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good, ultimately it is because Marxism works, because the sinicized and modernized Marxism works. The Communist Party of China adheres to the “two integrations” (两个结合), continuously advancing the sinicization and modernization of Marxism, and unswervingly advancing along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Especially since the Eighteenth National Congress, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, focusing on the major era-specific subject of “what kind of long-term governing Marxist political party to build and how to build a long-term governing Marxist political party,” has put forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies, forming Xi Jinping’s thought on Party building, which is a scientific theory formed in the historical process of strengthening the Party and the country in the new era, showing powerful truth strength. The successful practice of sinicization and modernization of Marxism has not only reshaped the theoretical form of Marxism in contemporary times but also greatly changed the balance of power between socialism and capitalism in terms of ideology and social systems.
The long-term practice of strict governance has formed a relatively mature system for full and strict governance over the Party and forged a strong Communist Party of China. To forge iron, one must be strong himself. For more than one hundred years, Party building has connected points into lines, woven lines into surfaces, and has been systematically advanced in the practice of exploring governance and management of the Party. Especially since the Eighteenth National Congress, the Party Central Committee has adhered to full and strict governance over the Party, insisted on grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, integrating rectification of work style, rigorous observance of discipline, and anti-corruption, and paid more attention to overall advancement and coordinated efforts, with systematic theoretical guidance, perfect task layout, sound system design, and supporting work tools. The Party has withstood various risks and tests in life-and-death struggles and hard struggle, maintained its advanced nature and purity, significantly enhanced its creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness, become stronger in revolutionary forging, become the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and become the world’s largest governing party with significant global influence.
Rich Experience and Profound Inspiration from a Century-Old Major Party’s Strict Governance
In the long-term practice of promoting governance and management of the Party, our Party has striven to explore the characteristics and laws of strict governance, continuously deepened its understanding of the laws of strict governance, accumulated rich historical experience, and left profound realistic inspiration.
Adhere to strategic planning and top-level design. For more than one hundred years, the Party Central Committee has always centered on major subjects such as “what kind of party to build and how to build the party” and “what kind of long-term governing Marxist political party to build and how to build a long-term governing Marxist political party,” engaging in strategic thinking. From focusing on ideological Party building to emphasizing taking political Party building as the lead, from advancing the great new project of Party building to advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era, a successful path has been explored for relying on the Party’s self-reform to leap out of the historical cycle of rise and fall. Especially since the Eighteenth National Congress, the Party Central Committee has coordinated the advancement of the “Four Comprehensives” strategic layout (四个全面战略布局), insisted on planning and deploying Party building work together with central work, and assessing them together, running strict standards and strict measures through all aspects of governing and managing the Party, both planning the Party building layout from the top-level design and focusing on solving outstanding problems from the perspective of measures and methods, promoting the deepening of full and strict governance over the Party.
Adhere to political leadership to ensure the authority of the Party Central Committee. Being clear-cut in politics is both a distinctive feature of a Marxist political party and a political advantage that our Party has consistently maintained. Political Party building determines the direction and effectiveness of Party building. Full and strict governance over the Party must first be viewed from a political perspective, must put political Party building in the first place, grasp the political direction, uphold the Party’s political leadership, consolidate the political foundation, cultivate a political ecology, prevent political risks, forever maintain political integrity, and improve political ability. The primary task of political construction is to uphold the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee.
Adhere to a systematic approach and promote systematic construction. Advancing Party building as a great project is a major pioneering undertaking of our Party. Under the new situation, facing the unique challenges of a large Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that Party building in the new era is a systematic project that takes political Party building as the lead and coordinates the joint and comprehensive efforts of all aspects of Party building; he proposed taking the improvement of the system for full and strict governance over the Party as an effective path to continuously advance the great new project of Party building in the new era. In the new era, greater emphasis is placed on using the concept of governance, systematic concepts, and dialectical thinking to govern, manage, and build the Party; it is stressed that the integration of ideological Party building and institutional Party building, the integration of mission guidance and problem orientation, the integration of grasping the “key minority” (关键少数) and managing the “vast majority” (绝大多数), the integration of exercising power and assuming responsibility, the integration of strict management and care and trust, and the integration of inner-Party supervision and popular supervision must be upheld, achieving full coverage of strict governance in content, full coverage of objects, a full chain of responsibility, and full penetration of systems, initially constructing a system for full and strict governance over the Party.
Adhere to institutional governance and rule-based governance of the Party. The issue of institutions is fundamental, overall, stable, and long-term. Strict governance of the Party has strong political and principled characteristics, and even more requires a set of scientifically complete institutions to regulate. Our Party has always attached importance to formulating and improving the Party Constitution, promptly reflecting the important achievements of the Party’s practical innovation, theoretical innovation, and institutional innovation in the Party Constitution, forming a system of institutions with the Party Constitution as the foundation and democratic centralism as the core. At the same time, the Party emphasizes respecting the Party Constitution, governing the Party according to rules, running institutional construction through all constructions, firmly grasping the “bull’s nose” (牛鼻子) of the responsibility system for governing and managing the Party, placing power in the cage of institutions and constantly tightening the cage of institutions.
Adhere to true management and strictness, and persevere. Facing the long-standing “four major tests” (四大考验) and “four dangers” (四种危险), for more than one hundred years, our Party has struggled with tenacity against all factors that damage the Party’s advanced nature and purity. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out many times: “Full and strict governance over the Party is always on the road.” In response to the stubbornness of the “four forms of misconduct” (四风), the Party Central Committee has been unwavering and relentless, insisting on true management and strictness, daring to manage and be strict, long-term management and strictness, continuously releasing a strong signal of strictness to the end. In response to the serious harm of corruption, our Party, with the determination and tenacity of 抓铁有痕 (zhuā tiě yǒu hén - “grasp iron and leave a mark,” showing firm resolve) and 踏石留印 (tà shí liú yìn - “step on stone and leave a print,” showing unyielding determination), has fought the tough, protracted, and comprehensive battle against corruption, successfully forging a path of anti-corruption with Chinese characteristics.
At present, China’s development has entered a critical period of basically realizing socialist modernization, consolidating the foundation, and making full efforts. The heavy tasks of reform, development, and stability, and the numerous contradictions, risks, and tests, place new and higher requirements on the Party’s own construction. This requires firm confidence and continued struggle on the new journey, comprehensively implementing Xi Jinping’s thought on Party building, persistently advancing full and strict governance over the Party, and providing a strong political guarantee for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization.
(The author is the Director of the Fourth Research Department of the Institute of Party History and Literature of the CPC Central Committee (中央党史和文献研究院).)
By: 本报评论员 兰文飞
The Communist Party of China has always adhered to regarding scientific thinking methods as effective methods for understanding problems, analyzing problems, and solving problems. It not only focuses on deploying the task of "crossing the river" but also attaches importance to guiding the resolution of the problem of "the bridge or the boat." General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, "We must constantly draw nourishment from the wisdom of Marxist philosophy, and more consciously uphold and apply the dialectical materialist worldview and methodology," and "We must learn to master the fundamental method of materialist dialectics, continuously enhance dialectical thinking ability, and improve the capability to manage complex situations and handle complex problems." Scientific thinking methods are the sharp weapon of our Party for understanding and transforming the world, and they are the distinctive quality of Xi Jinping's thought on Party building. Only by making good use of this "master key" can we achieve steady and long-term progress amid the severe and complex international situation and the arduous and heavy tasks of reform, development, and maintaining stability.
Attaching importance to thinking methods, working methods, and leadership methods is a fine tradition of our Party. Thinking methods, due to their guiding and foundational role, receive great attention. During the Yan'an period, Chen Yun three times sought advice from Mao Zedong on "how to make fewer mistakes, or not make major mistakes." Chen Yun thought that his past mistakes were due to lack of experience, but Mao Zedong believed, "It is not lack of experience, but that the thinking method was incorrect," and advised him to study some philosophy. General Secretary Xi Jinping cited "In studying theory, the most important thing is to get the thinking method right" to admonish Party cadres and members to strengthen their study of Marxist philosophy. From placing importance on "getting the thinking method right" during the Yan'an period to emphasizing "learning the correct thinking method for observing problems" in the new era, our Party has always given prominence to upholding scientific thinking methods, armed the entire Party with Marxism, advanced practice, continuously corrected errors in various historical periods, and won one victory after another. This is not only a fine tradition of our Party in ideological construction but also an important requirement of the great new project of Party building in the new era.
Facing the severe and complex domestic and international environment and bearing the heavy mission of governance, without the powerful support of scientific theoretical thinking, it is difficult to overcome various risks and difficulties and keep moving forward. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Continuously enhance the abilities of strategic thinking, historical thinking, dialectical thinking, systemic thinking, innovative thinking, rule-of-law thinking, and bottom-line thinking, to provide scientific thinking methods for forward-looking thinking, overall planning, and holistic advancement of the various undertakings of the Party and the state." Party building is a systematic project; each aspect of Party building has its own focus while being interconnected. This requires adhering to a systematic scientific methodology, starting from the interconnections and interdependence of all things, observing things from the perspective of universal connection, comprehensive systems, and development and change, accurately grasping objective reality, and truly mastering the laws. Xi Jinping's thought on Party building not only explains what it is and why it is so, but also what to grasp and how to grasp it, containing rich political wisdom, revelations of laws, and strategic methods. It highlights the organic linkage and coordinated synergy of all aspects of Party building, emphasizes the perfection and improvement of systems and mechanisms and the scientific and effective nature of laws and regulations, and stresses the use of governance concepts, systemic views, and dialectical thinking to manage, govern, and strengthen the Party, achieving the organic unity of the overall and the partial, the immediate and the long-term, the macro and the micro, and addressing both symptoms and root causes. This fully reflects the superb leadership artistry of forward-looking thinking, overall planning, and holistic advancement of Party building. Adhering to the unity of ideological Party building and institutional Party governance, the unity of mission guidance and problem orientation, the unity of grasping the "key minority" and managing the "vast majority," the unity of exercising power and assuming responsibility, the unity of strict management and care and trust, and the unity of intra-Party supervision and mass supervision, ensures that the Party is managed with sound methods, governed with effectiveness, and built with efficacy.
As the fundamental viewpoint of Marxism, seeking truth from facts (实事求是) is the fundamental requirement for Chinese Communists to understand and transform the world, the basic thinking method, working method, and leadership method of our Party, and embodies the worldview and methodology of Marxist philosophy. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "All the achievements we have made in the past rely on seeking truth from facts. Today, to continue pushing forward the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we still rely on seeking truth from facts." Adhering to seeking truth from facts means strengthening Party building from reality and accurately grasping the laws of Party building. Currently, our country's development has entered a period where strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertainties and unpredictable factors increase. Various "black swan" and "gray rhino" events may occur at any time. To effectively enhance the scientific and targeted nature of Party building in the new era, we must consciously strengthen the conviction of seeking truth from facts, enhance the ability to seek truth from facts, and always keep seeking truth from facts in mind and put it into action in every time and place.
All matters must have their methods before they can succeed. On the new journey, we must integrate scientific thinking methods throughout the entire process and all aspects of Party building, uphold and apply the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, adhere to proceeding from reality in everything, scientifically grasp the relationships between phenomena and essence, form and content, cause and effect, contingency and necessity, possibility and reality, internal and external causes, etc., in the actual work of Party building, comprehensively enhance the scientific, institutionalized, and standardized level of Party building with scientific thinking methods, and continuously advance the great new project of Party building.
Return to TopBy: 黄汉权 刘志成
In the first half of this year, faced with an international situation of interwoven upheavals and turmoil as well as various risks and challenges, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, China made overall plans and implemented comprehensive measures, precisely and effectively carried out more proactive and promising macro policies, developed new quality productive forces according to local conditions, and the start of the 15th Five-Year Plan was generally stable. Major economic indicators operated within a reasonable range, new drivers continuously grew and strengthened, and the resilience and vitality of economic development continued to manifest.
In the first half of the year, China's economy stabilized while improving quality, moving toward newness and excellence.
Major economic indicators operated within a reasonable range. In the first half of the year, GDP grew by 4.7% year-on-year, in line with the annual economic growth target. The average surveyed urban unemployment rate was 5.2%, and the employment situation was generally stable. The price level rose moderately; the Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 1.0% year-on-year, and the PPI ended 41 months of negative growth. The coordination between economic growth and price movements strengthened; nominal GDP grew by approximately 5.3% year-on-year in the first half, with nominal GDP increment reaching 3.6 trillion yuan, the largest for the same period in the last five years. Among this, the nominal growth rate in the second quarter rebounded to 5.9%, and the GDP deflator turned positive for the first time after 12 consecutive quarters of negativity. The pulling effect of price factors on nominal growth turned from negative to positive, and economic activity and price levels recovered synchronously. All three industries maintained stable growth; the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries grew by 3.7%, 3.9%, and 5.2% year-on-year respectively. The gap in the contribution of the three major demands to economic growth narrowed; final consumption, capital formation, and net exports of goods and services drove GDP growth by 2.1, 1.7, and 0.8 percentage points respectively, and the structure of growth drivers continued to optimize.
Responding to external shocks and challenges was effective and forceful. In the first half of the year, geopolitical conflicts brought major shocks to the stable operation of the global energy market and production-supply chains, constituting another external stress test of China's economic resilience. Faced with this external shock, China's economy once again demonstrated strong pressure resistance. On the one hand, in response to global energy market fluctuations caused by geopolitical conflicts, China coordinated independent oil and gas production, diversified imports, and energy transition, ensuring strong energy supply. At the same time, the supply security and price stabilization mechanism operated precisely, implementing temporary regulatory measures on refined oil product prices to avoid large fluctuations. On the other hand, exports grew rapidly, with quantity and price improving simultaneously. Despite a high base in the previous year and a turbulent external environment, exports achieved a relatively fast growth of 13.4% in the first half, while imports grew by 22.1%, achieving notable results in balanced development of import and export trade. Since the second quarter, exports have shown a good pattern of both quantity and price rising; in May, the export price index and quantity index rose by 8.9% and 4.5% year-on-year respectively, highlighting China's position in the global production-supply chain and trade pattern, indicating that Chinese products have unparalleled global competitiveness. These achievements show that China is fully capable of responding to various external risks and challenges.
The development of emerging industries drove the rapid growth of new drivers. The integrated development of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation became closer; a batch of major innovation achievements continuously emerged in fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, and innovative drugs. New industries, new business forms, and new models accelerated their growth. From the investment perspective, in the first half of the year, investment in high-tech industries grew by 4.6% year-on-year, driving total investment growth by 0.5 percentage points. From the production perspective, the added value of high-tech manufacturing enterprises above designated size grew by 13.3% year-on-year, 7.9 percentage points faster than the overall growth rate of industries above designated size. From the export perspective, the export value of high-tech products grew by 39% year-on-year, accounting for 22.1% of total exports. Exports of artificial intelligence-related products such as integrated circuits and computer components performed exceptionally well. From the profit perspective, from January to May, profits of high-tech manufacturing grew by 44.7% year-on-year, driving the profit growth of all industrial enterprises above designated size by 8.0 percentage points. Overall, a virtuous cycle of high investment enthusiasm, rapid production growth, strong export momentum, and high profit levels in emerging industries is accelerating, driving the contribution rate of new drivers to economic growth to exceed 40%, and pushing China's economic growth momentum to switch to new tracks.
The expansion and quality improvement of the service industry achieved notable results. The scale and share of the service industry increased, its structure continued to optimize, and it is accelerating to become the main engine for stabilizing economic growth, absorbing employment, and promoting high-quality development. From the perspective of growth contribution, in the first half of the year, the added value of the service industry accounted for 59.5% of GDP, an increase of 0.3 percentage points year-on-year, a historical high for the same period; its contribution rate to economic growth reached 66.1%, an increase of 5.9 percentage points year-on-year. From the production perspective, the service industry production index grew by 4.7% year-on-year in the first half; the added value of information transmission, software and information technology services, and leasing and business services grew by 10.7% and 11.9% year-on-year respectively, jointly driving the growth of service industry added value by 1.9 percentage points; in June, the service industry production index grew by 4.7% year-on-year, 0.3 percentage points higher than the previous month. From the consumption perspective, in the first half of the year, retail sales of services grew by 5.3% year-on-year, 4.2 percentage points faster than retail sales of goods, and the share of residents' service consumption expenditure approached 50%. This change indicates that residents are spending more money on culture, sports, tourism, knowledge payment, etc., reflecting the upgrading trend of consumption structure from material consumption to developmental and enjoyable service consumption.
Quality and efficiency indicators improved steadily. With the continuous deepening of the comprehensive rectification of "involution-style" competition, coupled with the rebound in the overall price level, major quality and efficiency indicators improved markedly. From the perspective of enterprise profits, from January to May, the total profit of industrial enterprises above designated size nationwide grew by 18.8% year-on-year, and the operating revenue profit margin rose to 5.56%, a new high for the same period since 2023. From the perspective of fiscal revenue, in the first half of the year, national general public budget revenue was 12,104.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.7%, with the cumulative growth rate continuing to rise. From the perspective of green development, the green and low-carbon transformation advanced in depth; in June, the proportion of new energy vehicle sales in total new car sales rose to 58.5%, and the overall proportion in the first half approached 50%.
Viewing the difficulties and challenges facing economic operation dialectically. It must also be noted that in China's economic operation, the contradiction between strong supply and weak demand still exists, the differentiation between old and new drivers is also relatively prominent, there are many external unstable and uncertain factors, and the foundation for economic recovery and improvement still needs to be consolidated. From the external environment perspective, the impact of "change" is still deepening. The external environment is complex and changeable, the momentum of world economic growth is insufficient, geopolitical conflicts are protracted and spilling over, and fluctuations in the international energy and commodity markets are increasing. Although China's foreign trade is relatively resilient, the stability of external demand, trade frictions, and the uncertainties faced by production-supply chain security have increased, and the risk of external shocks transmitting to domestic production and market expectations still needs attention. From the perspective of supply-demand relations, domestic demand recovery is insufficient, and the constraint of "weak demand" still needs to be resolved. Commodity consumption recovery is relatively slow, endogenous momentum for investment is insufficient, residents' consumption willingness and enterprise investment confidence still need to be strengthened, and the blockages in the supply-demand cycle have not yet been fully cleared. From the economic structure perspective, structural differentiation in regional development, industrial operation, and enterprise management is still relatively prominent. New industries, new business forms, and new models are growing relatively fast, but traditional industries and some small and medium-sized enterprises still face difficulties such as insufficient orders, rising costs, and profit pressure. The differences in the operation of old and new drivers are also reflected in different aspects such as regional economies, enterprise profits, and residential employment.
These difficulties and challenges facing economic operation are the result of the superimposition of cyclical, structural, and institutional factors, and are also a concentrated manifestation of China's unbalanced and inadequate development. Viewed dialectically, some are normal phenomena and structural pains in the process of China's transition from old to new drivers, some are structural imbalances caused by the inertial dependence on traditional development modes, and some are structural contradictions accumulated due to inadequate institutional reforms and the incomplete high-level socialist market economy. These are all problems in the course of development and of a phased nature; they can be resolved through effort. As long as we firmly implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, we can certainly overcome all difficulties and obstacles in development, promote continued economic recovery and improvement in the second half of the year, and achieve the annual goals and tasks of economic and social development.
Continuously consolidate and enhance the economic trend of stability, newness, and excellence. In the second half of the year, to stabilize the overall economic situation and continuously consolidate and enhance the trend of moving toward newness and excellence, it is necessary to make expanding domestic demand the top priority of economic work, 标本兼治 (biāo běn jiān zhì - "treat both the symptoms and root causes," addressing both superficial and underlying issues) and adopt comprehensive measures, promote both policy support and reform innovation, and coordinate short-term stability growth with long-term quality and efficiency improvement. Macro policies must be strengthened and made more effective, improving forward-looking, precise, and coordinated nature, forming synergy, and effectively offsetting downward pressure; institutional and mechanism reforms must be liberalized and well-managed, removing blockages and obstacles that restrict smooth circulation, and activating new drivers of high-quality development.
In terms of policy, strengthen counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustment力度. First, make good use of central budget investment, ultra-long-term special government bonds, and new-type policy-based financial instruments to support the construction of the "six networks" (六张网) and shore up weaknesses in the people's livelihood field, and actively attract social capital to participate. Do a good job of calculating and transitioning from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions, coordinate and balance economic development and carbon emission target arrangements, and provide policy space for project construction. Second, better leverage the effectiveness of moderately accommodative monetary policy, flexibly use various policy tools such as reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts, maintain reasonable and ample liquidity, guide more liquidity into the real economy, and precisely support scientific and technological innovation and other fields through structural monetary policy tools. Third, integrate stock and incremental policies well, enhance the consistency of macro policy orientation, adhere to systemic thinking to play the national chess game well, and wield a "combination punch" of policies. From both the supply and demand sides, the demand side focuses on the dual-wheel drive of increasing income and strengthening social security, enhancing the endogenous momentum of residents' consumption growth. The policy of replacing old consumer goods with new ones should further tilt toward key groups such as the "elderly and young", key areas such as county and township sinking markets, and key categories such as first-time car purchases, and continuously tap new growth points for service consumption in emerging fields. The supply side should vigorously support the accelerated growth of emerging industries such as the new generation of information technology, new energy, robotics, and biomedicine, especially by implementing high-quality "artificial intelligence+" to empower thousands of industries, and promoting traditional industries to radiate new vitality.
In terms of reform, increase the intensity of reforms to "increase momentum and stimulate vitality." In accordance with the requirements of both "liberalizing and enlivening" and "managing well," it is necessary to scientifically plan major reforms such as the fiscal and tax system and income distribution system proposed by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and also promptly and pragmatically advance reforms that are mature in conditions, small in scope, but have large traction, and that allow business entities and the people to feel and gain, continuously accumulating small victories into big victories. First, from the perspective of cultivating and strengthening new drivers, accelerate the opening of benchmark scenarios such as urban governance and industrial manufacturing, and improve industry standards and fault tolerance mechanisms. Second, deeply advance the construction of a unified national market, comprehensively rectify "involution-style" competition, and allow factor resources to flow freely and compete fairly on a larger scale. Third, improve the market exit mechanism, optimize capacity replacement, mergers and acquisitions, and revitalize and utilize idle and low-efficiency resources and assets. Fourth, focus on precisely reducing the burden on key groups, optimize the system of additional deductions for individual income tax regarding infant and toddler care, children's education, two-child families, and support for elderly parents, and promote the formation of a favorable situation where residents dare to consume, are willing to consume, and are able to consume. Fifth, strengthen the monitoring and analysis of the international situation and its spillover effects, timely grasp the market supply and demand conditions in key regions, key industries, and key commodities, and actively respond to changes in the external environment. Implement the relevant policies and measures for utilizing foreign capital to stabilize and optimize, solidly advance the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port, implement the strategy of upgrading pilot free trade zones with high quality, and guide the rational and orderly cross-border layout of industrial chains and supply chains.
(Author's affiliation: China Academy of Macroeconomic Research)
Return to TopBy: 魏佳
The "15th Five-Year Plan for Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization" issued by the State Council clearly proposes to vigorously develop deep processing and comprehensive utilization of agricultural products, cultivate and strengthen leading enterprises in agricultural product processing, and do a good job on the big article of value addition for grain head, food tail (粮头食尾 - liáng tóu shí wěi, referring to the value chain from grain production to food consumption).
Among them, the purpose of emphasizing "grain head, food tail" is to extend agriculture from simple planting and breeding to processing links through deep processing and comprehensive utilization, thereby realizing industrial value addition. From "grain" to "food," it is no longer the extensive cycle of "sell whatever you plant," but a march toward the value-added path of "sell products, but even more so sell quality and sell brands." Doing a good job on this big article of value addition concerns the foundation of national food security, concerns the income increase and prosperity of hundreds of millions of farmers, and is of great and far-reaching significance.
If the "grain head" is not solid, the "food tail" is hard to stabilize. Good grain is the foundation of processing value addition, and we must start from the source. It should be recognized that the traditional view of grain mainly focuses on output, solving the problem of "eating enough"; whereas the big food concept (大食物观 - dà shíwù guān) not only emphasizes quantity, but even more emphasizes nutrition, health, and diversity, pursuing "eating well" and "eating healthily." We must take the big food concept as guidance, change from a high-yield orientation to a high-quality orientation, and from improved variety selection to field management to storage and procurement links, control quality across the entire chain, promoting the transformation of grain production from "grow it out" to "grow it well." In recent years, China's grain production has had consecutive bumper harvests, but structural contradictions remain prominent, and resource and environmental constraints are increasingly tightening. Only by continuously building high-standard farmland (高标准农田 - gāo biāozhǔn nóngtián), stabilizing grain sowing area and output, and achieving steady improvement in area, total output, and per-unit output, can sufficient strategic leeway be provided for the diversified transformation of the food structure. At the same time, by improving the large-area per-unit yield of major grain and oil crops and developing moderate-scale operations to increase grain-growing income, we can truly convert production increase potential into tangible income increase results for farmers, making the base of "grain head, food tail" more solid.
To expand the horizons of "grain head, food tail," we must not only focus on grain crops on arable land, but should look at the entire territorial resources of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, and build industrial chains in a broader national spatial scope. Adhere to the simultaneous development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, developing food resources in an all-round, multi-channel manner. Based on the diversified utilization of land space, develop compound management models such as under-forest breeding and rice-fish integrated farming according to local conditions, using ecological cycles as a link to achieve multiple value-added benefits from land. On the one hand, vigorously develop animal husbandry, promote standardized, scaled, smart, and green breeding, strengthen advantageous industrial clusters, and ensure sufficient supply of animal protein such as meat, eggs, and milk. On the other hand, actively open up the "blue granary" (蓝色粮仓 - lánsè liángcāng), develop marine ranching and deep-sea aquaculture, tap the potential of aquatic products such as shellfish and shrimp, seek calories and protein from the ocean, extend the processing chain of aquatic products, and increase product added value. At the same time, also seek calories and protein from forests and microorganisms, develop facility fruit trees, characteristic economic forests, and local specialty breeding, and cultivate a batch of characteristic industries with distinct features and prominent advantages according to local conditions.
Developing the agricultural product processing industry is an important link connecting the "grain head" and the "food tail," and is also the key to realizing industrial value addition. To deepen the "food tail," it is necessary to accelerate breakthroughs in key technical bottlenecks of deep processing of agricultural products, and promote the extension of grain processing to fields such as medicine, food, and daily chemicals. Focus on the layout of new business forms such as "central kitchens" (中央厨房 - zhōngyāng chúfáng) and "staple food factory-style production" (主食工厂化 - zhǔshí gōngchǎng huà), using industrial thinking at the processing end to drive standardized production at the agricultural end. Cultivate and strengthen a batch of leading enterprises in agricultural product processing with high starting points, large scale, and strong driving force, build an industrialized consortium of "leading enterprises + cooperatives + farmers," and embed more smallholder farmers into the modern industrial chain through contract farming, guaranteed purchase, and share cooperation. Strengthen the construction of cold chain logistics facilities in production areas, accelerate the filling of shortcomings in storage, preservation, and cold chain logistics, unblock the blocking points and pain points in the connection between the "head" and the "tail," and make the channel for agricultural products from the field to the workshop to the dining table smoother and more efficient.
To promote the extension of the "grain head, food tail" industrial chain in depth, efforts must be made in industrial clusters. Actively building characteristic agricultural industrial clusters, coordinating the development of science and technology agriculture, green agriculture, quality agriculture, and brand agriculture, is an important way to enhance the overall competitiveness of the industrial chain, and is also a key move to amplify the value-added effect. Centering on advantageous grain production areas, build a number of agricultural product processing industrial parks and industrial agglomeration zones, guide processing enterprises to concentrate in production areas and in parks, construct an industrial ecology where raw material bases are closely matched with processing links and upstream and downstream are synergistic and complementary, and amplify the agglomeration effect. Brands are the concentrated embodiment of the industrial chain's value. Support brands with quality, lead consumption with brands, cultivate a batch of regional public brands and enterprise product brands with market appeal, and let high-quality resources hidden in deep mountains and sunk on the seabed go to broader markets through the extension of the industrial chain. Strengthen the empowerment of scientific and technological innovation on the industrial chain, promote the transformation of grain production to "smart-driven" with technologies such as biological breeding, smart agriculture, and artificial intelligence, drive product innovation with processing technology innovation, develop high-value-added products such as functional foods and nutritious health foods, and let "grain head, food tail" radiate stronger vitality in market competition.
"Grain head, food tail" connects on one end to national strategy, and on the other end to the people's livelihood. It should be recognized that currently China's agricultural product processing conversion rate is not high, the industrial chain is relatively short, added value is relatively low, and there is still a considerable gap compared with some developed countries. Doing a good job on the big article of value addition for "grain head, food tail" cannot afford to wait, nor can it afford to be slow. We must take pragmatic measures and solid actions, continuously exert efforts in extending the industrial chain, upgrading the value chain, and perfecting the benefit chain, further improve the benefit linkage mechanism, let farmers share more of the value-added benefits of the industrial chain, and truly realize the "head" driving the "tail" and "agriculture" connecting "industry." Only by building a solid foundation of the "grain head," strengthening the value of the "food tail," opening up the intermediate links, and forming a cluster effect, can we promote the leap of agriculture from "big" to "strong," injecting strong momentum into comprehensively advancing rural revitalization and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization.
Return to TopBy: 王声啸
New scenarios and new business forms are an important manifestation of the trend of rural consumption upgrading. The latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in the first half of 2026, China's rural retail sales of consumer goods reached 3,321.6 billion yuan, an increase of 2.5%, and the consumer market continues to expand. In recent years, the holiday economy and experience economy have developed 如火如荼 (rú huǒ rú tú - "like fire and like flowering sedge," to be in full swing), giving rise to a batch of vibrant new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms. Cultural and sports activities under the "village" brand, such as the "Village Super League" (村超) and "Village BA" (村BA), are flourishing; appreciating village songs and village galas (村晚), savoring village chefs and village coffee (村咖), both enriches the spiritual life of rural masses and enriches the consumption choices of tourists from elsewhere. At the same time, the "market-going fever" has become a new landmark for cultural and tourism integration; field markets, night markets, intangible cultural heritage markets, ocean markets, and other types of markets are "catching fire and breaking out of the circle" in a new posture. These new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms not only broaden the sales channels for agricultural products, but also effectively drive the development of related industries such as catering, accommodation, and cultural entertainment, promote stable income increases for farmers, and inject continuous momentum and vitality into rural revitalization. To better cultivate new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms, efforts are also needed from the following aspects.
Tailor unique experiences to local conditions. Currently, rural consumption has gradually shifted from traditional material satisfaction to modern emotional resonance and experiential acquisition, and distinctiveness has become the necessary path for creating new rural consumption scenarios. Compared with the previous simple purchase of agricultural products, consumers pay more attention to the life pleasure, aesthetic experience, and emotional release brought by the unique rural pastoral scenery. The resource endowments of each village, such as natural ecology, farming culture, and folk customs, are different; one must avoid 千村一面 (qiān cūn yī miàn - "a thousand villages, one face," to be uniform and lacking individuality), and instead combine the village's actual conditions to construct new scenarios and new business forms with immersive, participatory, and interactive experiences. Some areas lack well-known scenic spots yet have exceptionally high tourist popularity. The reason is that they have created new consumption scenarios of "agriculture-culture-tourism integration," taking a particular characteristic industry as the core, connecting farming experiences, folk culture, and specialty cuisine, and enriching tourists' consumption experience. From product to experience, from the single scenario of fruit picking to diverse scenarios of various farming activities, new scenarios and new business forms have become the code for leveraging tourist traffic and activating rural consumption. Therefore, the key to whether new scenarios and new business forms can be effectively implemented lies in whether they can follow the new trend of consumption upgrading, and whether they can respond to consumers' genuine expectations for simple rustic local flavor, poetic aesthetic space, physical and mental healing experiences, and deep participatory experiences.
The shortcomings in service supply must be made up. Currently, the shortcoming in cultivating new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms lies in services, and the breakthrough also lies in services. The extensive nature of service supply is the key reason why rural consumption projects are "popular but not well-received" (叫座不叫好). This is manifested both in infrastructure such as insufficient parking facilities and inadequate distributed charging piles, and in management norms such as transparent stall prices and traceability of food safety. From the consumption side, as income levels rise and quality of life improves, consumers' demands for service levels in various rural consumption scenarios are also increasing day by day. If service supply cannot keep up, or even seriously deviates from the current consumption level and basic standards, a structural dilemma of having scenes but no experience will arise, ultimately leading to the loss of consumers. New rural consumption scenarios and new business forms cannot remain at the initial stage of check-in and photo-taking; they must, based on actual needs, improve rural infrastructure such as transportation, internet, logistics, and public health, formulate service standards and industry norms that fit the actual conditions for different business forms, explore the introduction of professional operating companies, continuously improve service quality, and gradually upgrade toward branding, specialization, and quality.
Young talent is the key. Without young people returning to the countryside to start businesses and find employment, the creation of new scenarios and new business forms will be unsustainable. Scenarios are easy to construct, and business forms are easy to replicate, but talent is difficult to cultivate. In some areas, young entrepreneurs have turned abandoned water stations into lakeside coffee bars that organize music festivals, carefully renovated abandoned school buildings, created intangible cultural heritage experience spaces and concept stores, giving old buildings a new look and old crafts new vitality. The cultivation of new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms must focus on the new demands of consumption upgrading. Young people themselves are the main force of new consumption, and they are also the talent best able to understand consumption trends and keenly capture consumption demands. Moreover, young people are the most proficient in digital technology, have the strongest innovative vitality, and are skilled in using modern tools such as livestream e-commerce, social media, AI applications, and drones. They can not only break the long-standing information barriers in the countryside and connect the unique natural resources of villages to the big market, but also combine modern agriculture with research-based education, and combine ancient crafts such as intangible cultural heritage techniques with the development of cultural and creative products, injecting youth vitality and modern genes into traditional business forms. More importantly, the influx of young talent from cities to the countryside has changed long-standing traditional rural development concepts, reshaped rural development methods, opened homestays and village coffee shops, built camping bases, developed parent-child projects, and truly turned lucid waters and lush mountains into mountains of gold and silver. Therefore, cultivating new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms, young talent is the key. In this regard, on the one hand, it is necessary to actively introduce professional talent and reduce the cost of entrepreneurial trial and error and local living costs; on the other hand, it is necessary to build a farmer-linking and farmer-driving (联农带农) benefit-sharing mechanism that is "tightly linked, stable in driving, and long-lasting in income," ensuring the localization of professional operation experience, vigorously cultivating 新农人 (xīn nóng rén - "new farmers"), and driving farmers to broaden channels for income increase and prosperity.
Long-term and stable policy support. China has always attached great importance to supporting the expansion and upgrading of rural consumption, providing important support for cultivating new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms. The "15th Five-Year Plan for Accelerating Agricultural and Rural Modernization" clearly states: "Cultivate new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms such as harvest markets, event performances, and leisure camping." The "Measures on Creating New Consumption Scenarios and Cultivating New Consumption Growth Points" jointly issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and four other departments has clarified a series of key measures around creating the "Travel and Shop in the Countryside" series of brand activities, encouraging and guiding the conduct of rural sports events full of agricultural fun and agricultural flavor such as "Village BA," "Village Super League," "Village Volleyball," and "Village Run." An effective, powerful, long-term, and stable policy system is an inevitable requirement for cultivating new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms. The continuous formation of new scenarios and new business forms requires persistent effort over a long time, 久久为功 (jiǔ jiǔ wéi gōng - "persist over time to achieve results"), in areas such as infrastructure improvement, deep industrial integration, and exploration of farmer-linking and farmer-driving models, to enhance the precision, stability, and coordination of policies and create a better development environment.
From a trend perspective, cultivating new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms will gradually become an important source of momentum driving rural consumption. Currently, rural consumption is growing relatively fast, but there is still a certain gap from achieving large scale, optimized structure, and strong resilience. To turn the countryside into a comprehensive consumption destination where people are willing to come, have fun, stay, and take things away, coordinated efforts and breakthroughs in key areas are still needed. The government must adhere to planning first, prevent disorderly development, clarify functional zoning, industrial positioning, and spatial layout, explore flexible land use methods, increase infrastructure investment, provide supporting public services such as medical emergency and fire safety, and formulate service norms for new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms. Enterprises should follow the trend of consumption upgrading, deeply explore natural endowments, cultural genes, and folk traditions, ensure the local uniqueness of new scenarios and new business forms, and also innovate farmer-linking and farmer-driving mechanisms to drive farmers' employment and income increase. Through joint efforts, the countryside will further play its important role as a consumer market and factor market, new rural consumption scenarios and new business forms will continue to emerge, providing important support and strong momentum for promoting integrated urban-rural development and advancing comprehensive rural revitalization.
Return to TopBy: 陈承新
As an important institutional arrangement for hearing people's voices, gathering people's wisdom, and coalescing popular sentiment (凝聚民心), the work of collecting public suggestions (人民建议征集工作) is a systematic activity through which the Party and government extensively absorb public opinion through various channels and guide the masses to offer suggestions and advice on economic and social development. It both opens up channels for expressing public opinion and builds a platform for concentrating public wisdom, fully demonstrating the institutional advantages of whole-process people's democracy (全过程人民民主).
In recent years, China has attached great importance to the work of collecting public suggestions, continuously promoting the integration of petition work (信访) and the work of collecting public suggestions, and striving to transform the scattered "golden ideas" of the masses into "hard measures" for policy formulation. In 2007, the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Further Strengthening Petition Work in the New Era" clearly stated: "A system for collecting public suggestions should be established and improved to effectively safeguard citizens' rights to be informed, to participate, to express, and to supervise, guide the people to actively offer suggestions and advice for the work of the Party and government, and encourage and support the people to participate in the management of state affairs in various ways." The "Regulations on Petition Work" (信访工作条例) require that "Party committees and governments at all levels should improve the system for collecting public suggestions, and actively listen to the suggestions and opinions of the masses on important work related to the national economy and people's livelihood." In 2023, the "Plan for Reform of Party and State Institutions" (党和国家机构改革方案) required the establishment of the Central Social Work Department (中央社会工作部), which "is responsible for overall guidance of Party petition work and guidance of the work of collecting public suggestions." These important policy documents have provided solid institutional support for the work of collecting public suggestions. At the local level, relevant explorations are richer. Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen and other places have issued specialized local regulations. Public suggestions from all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities across the country continuously influence local decision-making through institutionalized and digital-smart (数智化) channels, becoming an important source for improving governance efficiency.
Practice shows that the work of collecting public suggestions effectively guides the masses to participate orderly and offer rational advice, contributing important intellectual strength to social governance and public decision-making. However, there are still some shortcomings in this work. For example, the collection processes and division of responsibilities in some regions are still not clear enough, affecting the standardized operation of the work; participation channels for specific groups such as the elderly and practitioners in new business forms need to be further expanded; there is room for improvement in the timeliness of feedback on suggestions and the transparency of adoption standards; the linkage between online and offline platforms is not close enough; some regions have a tendency of "emphasizing collection, neglecting transformation" (重征集、轻转化), affecting the sustained enthusiasm of public participation; the proportion of suggestions with strong professionalism and foresight remains relatively low, and the connection with decision-making needs to be strengthened, etc. Solving these problems requires comprehensive promotion from multiple aspects.
Establish and improve institutional norms by level and category, and clarify processing requirements for different types. The collection of public suggestions is not scattered opinion gathering; it requires a systematic and complete institutional system as support, making this work have rules to follow and more sustainable. First, accelerate the research and formulation of relevant laws, regulations, or normative documents, clarifying the scope of application, main responsibilities, processing procedures, rights protection and other main content of the work of collecting public suggestions. All localities should formulate relevant implementation rules in light of the characteristics of regional governance, establish collaborative collection mechanisms for cross-regional topics such as rural revitalization and coordinated regional development; at the city and county levels, refine suggestion classification standards, processing time limits, and feedback norms at the operational level, and encourage 因地制宜 (yīn dì zhì yí – "adjust measures to local conditions," to explore flexible and diverse collection methods). Second, establish a classified and hierarchical processing mechanism. According to the fields involved, suggestions are divided into categories such as economic development, livelihood security, social governance, ecological and environmental protection; according to the scope of impact, they are divided into levels such as personal appeals, group opinions, and public policy suggestions. Different processing procedures and response standards are implemented for suggestions of different categories and levels. Clarify the lead coordination responsibility of the accepting unit, strengthen inter-departmental collaboration, and ensure that every suggestion has a clear responsible entity and processing path. Third, improve the incentive and guarantee mechanism. For suggestions that have important decision-making reference value and produce good economic and social benefits, give appropriate spiritual encouragement and material rewards; for acts of maliciously fabricating false suggestions or disrupting the collection order, clarify punishment standards to maintain the normal order of collection work.
Coordinate online and offline platform resources, and smooth the channels for suggestions. The degree of smoothness of channels for expressing public opinion directly affects the coverage and effectiveness of the work of collecting public suggestions. Efforts should be made to build a channel network that deeply integrates online and offline, with complementary advantages, effectively reducing the institutional cost of public participation, so that different groups can participate in offering suggestions in the most convenient way. First, strengthen offline physical platforms. Embed the collection of public suggestions into the grassroots governance grid, explore setting up "Public Suggestion Collection Stations" (人民建议征集驿站) in places such as community Party and mass service centers, government service centers, park stations, and "New Employment Group Homes" (新就业群体家园), to provide "face-to-face" services for suggestion submission, policy consultation, and process guidance; for groups such as the elderly and disabled, implement a "door-to-door consultation" mechanism, where grid workers regularly visit households to collect opinions and suggestions; add suggestion collection functions to people's congress representative liaison stations and CPPCC member studios, leveraging the bridge and纽带 role of representatives and members to transform the concentrated demands of the masses into high-quality suggestions. Second, optimize online digital platforms. Make good use of platforms such as the Leader Message Board (领导留言板), explore integrating scattered collection portals, and improve the convenience of links such as suggestion submission, progress inquiry, and result feedback; use digital-smart technologies to automatically classify and analyze trends of suggestions collected on the platform, and promptly push suggestions of the same type that appear concentratedly in a certain period to the relevant competent departments; explore new models such as "live streaming collection" and "short video consultation", inviting the masses to express their demands intuitively through short videos,图文 live streaming, etc., walking the online mass line (网上群众路线) well. Third, promote online-offline linkage and integration. Establish a mechanism of "online collection – offline verification – online feedback". For complex issues reported online, organize staff to conduct field research and hold on-site deliberation meetings, inviting suggesters to participate in consultation; for typical cases collected offline, publicly disclose the processing process through online platforms, subject to public supervision, forming a working pattern of "speed online, warmth offline".
Strengthen propaganda guidance and capacity building, and stimulate the motivation for public participation. The subjects of public suggestions are the masses. Only by making the masses want to suggest, know how to suggest, and dare to suggest can the broadest wisdom and strength of the people be truly gathered. First, create a good social atmosphere. Through mainstream media, government new media, community bulletin boards and other channels, regularly publicize typical cases of transformation of public suggestions, so that the masses can truly feel the actual effectiveness of offering suggestions; explore incorporating content related to the work of collecting public suggestions into social practice in primary and secondary schools and ideological and political courses in colleges and universities across localities, cultivate citizens' awareness of participation, and form a social trend of actively offering suggestions and taking the initiative to participate. Second, improve the professionalism of public suggestions. Carry out hierarchical and classified guidance for different groups: for ordinary masses, popularize the basic norms of suggestions by organizing policy interpretations, case guidance, etc., guide the masses to more rationally express their demands and make suggestions; for professionals and industry representatives, actively invite them to put forward systematic suggestions around industrial development, scientific and technological innovation and other fields; for practitioners in new business forms and new social strata, regularly hold special consultation meetings, focusing on issues of concern to them such as labor protection and career development to accurately collect opinions. Third, eliminate the concerns of the masses in making suggestions. Strictly implement the confidentiality system, strictly keep confidential the information of suggesters and the content of suggestions, and strictly prohibit retaliation against suggesters; improve the communication and guidance mechanism, patiently explain and clarify suggestions that are not mature or do not meet the conditions, guide suggesters to further refine their ideas, and let the masses put down their ideological burdens.
Improve the work mechanism for outcome transformation, and ensure that suggestions are implemented and take effect. Only by transforming reasonable suggestions of the masses into tangible policy measures and governance results can the enthusiasm for public participation be continuously stimulated, forming a virtuous cycle of "suggestion – adoption – feedback – re-suggestion". First, establish a full-process transformation tracking mechanism. After a suggestion is accepted, an acceptance notice should be issued in a timely manner, specifying the processing unit and time limit; during the processing, provide monthly progress feedback to the suggester, and communicate and explain in a timely manner in case of special circumstances; after completion, provide written feedback to the suggester on the adoption situation, implementation measures, and expected results in a timely manner. For suggestions that are not adopted, explain the reasons in detail, ensuring "every piece has a response, every matter is implemented" (件件有回音、事事有落实). Second, strengthen the deep connection between suggestions and decision-making. For suggestions involving major public interests, promptly submit them to the relevant competent departments for study; incorporate the collection of public suggestions into the decision-making procedures for major policy formulation and major project implementation, and before important matters related to the vital interests of the masses are issued, proactively solicit opinions publicly and fully absorb reasonable suggestions; regularly sort and analyze the collected suggestions, form special reports on high-frequency common issues, and provide references for scientific decision-making by relevant departments. Third, build a diversified implementation guarantee system. For suggestions involving the work functions of multiple departments, establish a joint processing mechanism with multi-party cooperation, clarifying the division of responsibilities and processing time limits; for suggestions that require financial support, coordinate to include them in the fiscal budget or set up a special transformation fund to guarantee them; for suggestions that have been implemented and achieved good results, carry out follow-up evaluations in a timely manner, summarize replicable and scalable experience and practices in a timely manner, and further improve the effectiveness of the work of collecting public suggestions.
Return to TopBy: 中央党校（国家行政学院）马克思主义学院
Millennia of history: 鉴往知来 (jiàn wǎng zhī lái - "reflect on the past to know the future," to gain insight from history), confidence is like a torch, its path greatly bright. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech at the ceremony celebrating the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China is 高屋建瓴 (gāo wū jiàn líng - "pour water from a rooftop," to operate from a strategic height), broad in vision, profound in thought, reflecting a strong historical initiative, and conveying to the entire Party unyielding conviction and confidence. This confidence comes from the world-renowned great achievements created by our Party uniting and leading the people over the past 105 years; it comes from the excellent qualities possessed by our Party that are incomparable by any other political party or political force; it comes from the fact that the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process and is ushering in unprecedented bright prospects. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly put forward the "five musts," systematically expounding the practical requirements of strengthening confidence and continuing the struggle on the new road of the examination, issuing a great call to the entire Party to forge ahead on the new journey and make achievements in the new era, providing scientific guidance for our Party to continuously create new accomplishments worthy of the times and the people.
To strengthen confidence and continue the struggle, we must adhere to the Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic strategy.
The Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic strategy are major achievements obtained through the arduous explorations of the Party and the people, and are the fundamental guidelines for the cause of the Party and the state. Lenin pointed out, "We must go our own way, persistently and systematically carry out our own work. The less we rely on chance, the less we will be at a loss due to any 'historical turn.'" Adhering to the Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic strategy means firmly upholding confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, firmly maintaining the determination not to change the path or alter the will, safeguarding the foundation and source, root and soul of Chinese-style modernization, and ensuring that all work of the Party and the state always maintains the correct political direction.
The advanced nature of a Marxist political party is first manifested in the advanced nature of its ideology and theory. In the long-term exploration and practice, the Communist Party of China has continuously promoted the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism, forming and developing the Party’s basic theory, enabling our Party to always stay at the forefront of the times, fully demonstrating the glorious tradition and unique advantages of building the Party ideologically and strengthening it theoretically. Since the new era, the Chinese Communists, mainly represented by Comrade Xi Jinping, have deepened the application of the "two integrations," scientifically answering the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times, and establishing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This thought, 承前启后 (chéng qián qǐ hòu - "inherit the past and usher in the future," to carry forward the legacy and open up new ground), 继往开来 (jì wǎng kāi lái - "continue the past and open the future," to carry on the past and open up the future), is the Marxism of contemporary China concerning China’s future and destiny, and the Marxism of the 21st century concerning the prospects of scientific socialism. It has not only opened up new realms for Marxism and for socialism with Chinese characteristics, but also new realms for the Party’s governance and for the Party’s self-governance. To learn, understand, and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era thoroughly is to know its words and also its meaning, to know its "what" and also its "why," focusing on grasping the scientific world outlook and methodology that run through it, forming a long-term mechanism of casting the soul with learning, increasing wisdom with learning, rectifying the style with learning, and promoting work with learning, fully using this powerful ideological weapon to guide us in transforming the subjective and objective worlds.
The line is the outline; when the outline is lifted, the mesh opens (纲举目张). Mao Zedong pointed out, "Whether the ideological and political line is correct decides everything," stressing that "if we truly forget the Party’s general line and general policy, we will be blind, incomplete, and unclear revolutionaries." After reform and opening up, the 13th National Congress of the Party formally established the Party’s basic line for the primary stage of socialism. Deng Xiaoping pointed out, "The basic line must be maintained for a hundred years, and it must not be shaken." Entering the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has unswervingly implemented economic construction as the core, the key to rejuvenating the country, stressing that development is the foundation and key to solving all of China’s problems, clearly proposing that high-quality development is the hard truth of the new era; it has adhered to the four cardinal principles as the foundation of the nation, stressing that upholding correctness ensures not losing direction or making subversive mistakes; it has unswervingly deepened reform and opening up comprehensively, stressing that reform and opening up is the most distinctive character of contemporary Chinese Communists and an important magic weapon for the cause of the Party and the people to catch up with the times in big strides. To thoroughly implement the Party’s basic line is to firmly grasp high-quality development, the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, adhere to and improve the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, neither take the old path of closed-door rigidity nor the evil path of changing the flag and banner, and continuously enhance the momentum and vitality of socialist modernization.
Only with a certain strategy can there be certain achievements. Since reform and opening up, our Party has made unremitting explorations on how to build socialism with Chinese characteristics. From the "ten basic experiences" that must be adhered to, profoundly summarized at the 16th Party Congress, to the "eight basic requirements" firmly grasped at the 18th Party Congress, and then to the basic strategy of "fourteen adherences" proposed at the 19th Party Congress, our Party has, from a strategic and overall perspective, systematically planned and comprehensively deployed a series of fundamental, directional, and principled issues concerning upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Party’s basic strategy is the Party’s action program in the new era, covering all aspects of reform, development, and stability; internal affairs, foreign affairs, and national defense; and Party governance, state governance, and military governance. It is a highly condensed and scientific summary of the major principles and policies of our Party’s governance in the new era, and a practical requirement for implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. On the new journey, we must adhere to the principle of understanding the substance and applying it, achieving unity of substance and application, comprehensively grasp and implement the Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic strategy, deeply understand the internal logic of the scientific system of the "fourteen adherences" of the basic strategy, profoundly comprehend the original theoretical contributions and profound principles, theories, and philosophies contained therein, and closely combine with reality to find the correct direction and focus for implementation, continuously pushing the cause of the Party and the people to new victories.
To strengthen confidence and continue the struggle, we must firmly rely on the people to create great historical achievements.
The question of for whom and relying on whom is the touchstone for testing the nature of a political party and a regime. Deeply rooted in the people, always having a solid foundation, is a very important excellent quality of our Party. Over the past hundred years, our Party has always stood together with the people, thought together with them, and worked together with them. Entering the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to the people-centered development thought, actively developed whole-process people’s democracy, strengthened universal, basic, and bottom-line livelihood guarantees, historically eliminated absolute poverty and regional overall poverty, built the world’s largest education system, social security system, medical and health system, and urban housing security system, regarded the ecological environment as the fairest public product and the most universal welfare for the people, deeply fought the battles for blue skies, clear waters, and clean soil, making the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security more substantial, more secure, and more sustainable. On the new journey, we must follow the Party’s mass line in the new era, adhere to regarding the people as the root of our Party’s life, the foundation of governance, and the source of strength, always stand firm on the fundamental stance, keep in mind the fundamental purpose, and practice the fundamental mission.
Draw the source of living water for rejuvenating the Party and strengthening the country from relying on the people. The people are a vast sea of power, also a vast sea of wisdom. Marxist historical materialism holds that the masses of the people are the subjects of social history and the decisive force for social change. Since the new era, our Party has closely united and relied on the people, coordinated the advancement of the "five in one" overall plan, coordinated the advancement of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, fully recognized that in comprehensively building a modern socialist power, the people are the decisive force, always remembering that reform relies on the people, so reform has momentum, adhering to regarding the people as the broadest and deepest foundation for comprehensively governing the country by law, focusing on smoothing the two channels of people’s suggestions and criticism to promote comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, and fully stimulating the initiative, creativity, and creativity of the broad masses in the development of the Party and the state. On the new journey, we must continuously thicken the people, the greatest confidence of our Party’s governance, deeply root the growth of political wisdom and the enhancement of governance ability in the creative practice of the people, and unleash the great power of hundreds of millions of people to advance Chinese-style modernization.
Write a new answer for strengthening the country and enriching the people in serving the people. The Communist Party in power must do things for the common people and handle the common people’s affairs well. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that in Chinese-style modernization, people’s livelihood is the major issue; modernization should not only look at indicators and data on paper, but more importantly at the people’s happiness and well-being. He issued "three soul-searching questions" to leading cadres at all levels, asking them to often ask themselves: Are they busy with things unrelated to the Party’s fundamental purpose? Are they wholeheartedly doing things for the common people? Are they working around the central tasks of the Party and the state? General Secretary Xi Jinping’s deep reminder and encouragement to the entire Party are full of his consistent and personally practiced profound feelings for the people. Whether it was during his time in Fujian, "two trips to Xiaqi," "three visits to Xiadang," "four visits to Tanyang," bending down to visit remote areas to inquire about poverty and hardship, or during his time in Zhejiang, promoting the implementation of the "three major projects" of mountain-sea coordination, poor townships’ well-off, and billions of assistance for prosperity, General Secretary Xi Jinping was constantly concerned about the people’s safety and hardship. Such deep love has been further deepened and expanded in the great practice of the new era. Our Party regards the people’s happy life as the "greatest of the nation," achieving a series of heavy and bright people’s livelihood achievements. On the new journey, we must regard bringing benefits to the people as the greatest political achievement, focus on the people’s urgent, difficult, and anxious problems, solve the common people’s worries and troubles, place the promotion of common prosperity for all people in a more prominent position, and let the fruits of modernization benefit all people more and more fairly.
Strike the strong chord of united endeavor in uniting the people. When many forces unite, a myriad of heavy loads can be lifted; when people’s hearts are together, Mount Tai can be moved. The Chinese Dream is the dream of the country, the nation, and also the dream of every Chinese son and daughter. Since the 18th Party Congress, our Party has consolidated and developed the broadest patriotic united front, taken forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation as the main line of the Party’s ethnic work in the new era and the main line of all work in ethnic regions, continuously strengthened political guidance for people in new social strata, emphasized that "private enterprises and private entrepreneurs are our own people," cared for over 60 million overseas Chinese, widely gathered the hearts and strength of overseas Chinese, and promoted the continuous consolidation and development of the great unity of all ethnic groups, the great unity of the entire nation, and the great unity of all Chinese sons and daughters. Our Party created a glorious history through united struggle, and must rely on united struggle to create a bright future. On the new journey, we must draw the largest concentric circle for building a strong country and national rejuvenation, truly unite Chinese sons and daughters from different political parties, different ethnic groups, different classes, different groups, and different beliefs, fully gather the wisdom and strength of all sides, jointly participate in the grand cause of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, forming a powerful force that is courageous and invincible.
To strengthen confidence and continue the struggle, we must actively respond to risks and challenges on the road ahead.
In the process of Chinese-style modernization, there are not only gentle breezes and bright sunshine, but also fierce winds and sudden storms, even raging waves. Preventing and defusing risks and challenges must be 一以贯之 (yī yǐ guàn zhī - "to run through with one consistent thread," to be consistent throughout). General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly explained the "bucket principle" in this regard, pointing out that "if the bucket has a short board, it cannot be filled with water; but if the bucket’s bottom has a hole, it cannot hold water at all. We must be good at filling the short boards, but also pay more attention to reinforcing the bottom. Preventing and defusing various major risks is reinforcing the bottom." Since the 18th Party Congress, our Party has coordinated high-quality development and high-level security, creatively proposed a holistic view of national security, accelerated the modernization of the national security system and capacity, carried out a great struggle with many new historical features, and withstood tests of risks and challenges from politics, economy, ideology, and nature. At present, the world is undergoing major changes unseen in a century, accelerating its evolution; domestic reform and development tasks are arduous and heavy; China’s development is in a period where strategic opportunities and risk challenges coexist, and uncertainties and hard-to-predict factors increase. On the road ahead, we will inevitably face various foreseeable and unforeseeable risks and tests. We must always maintain strategic sobriety, establish bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking, take out a sense of responsibility of "always being at ease," and effectively safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
Focus on improving the ability to scientifically foresee changes. The wise change with the times; the knowledgeable adapt to events. Since the 18th Party Congress, our Party has keenly grasped changes in the development environment and conditions, systematically proposed the new development concept, in response to the adverse currents of globalization, sized up the situation and proposed building a new development pattern, adapted to the wave of global industrial change, emphasized developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions, insisted on advancing in the logic of historical progress and developing in the trend of the times, continuously achieved innovation in change, progress in change, and breakthroughs in change. At present, changes in the world, the times, and history are unfolding in unprecedented ways. For example, the acceleration of technology iteration cycles and the outbreak of disruptive innovations are continuously giving birth to new modes of production, lifestyles, learning methods, and work methods; China’s population is generally shifting from incremental development to decremental development; many new changes in economic and social development are coupled into complex chain reactions. In this regard, we must continuously strengthen strategic, systematic, and forward-looking research and planning, strive to practice the ability to "see, when the tip of the mast just emerges, that this will develop into a large number of common things," with the wisdom to recognize change, the method to respond to change, and the courage to seek change, to navigate the ever-changing situation, and strive to breed opportunities in crises and open new bureaus in changing situations.
Focus on enhancing the ability to promptly detect risks. Predicting where risks lie is the prerequisite for preventing risks, and grasping the direction of risks is the key to seeking strategic initiative. Only by constantly observing the general trend and always considering the overall situation can we know that a deer has passed when the grass shakes and leaves rustle, and know that a tiger is coming when the wind rises in the pine forest, achieving peace without forgetting danger, existence without forgetting extinction, and governance without forgetting chaos. At present, various risks facing China’s development exhibit new and complex characteristics: external risks and internal risks transmit to each other; traditional security threats and non-traditional security threats interweave and overlap; sudden risks and structural risks relate to each other. Frontier technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, and biotechnology, while empowering humanity, also bring a series of challenges that are difficult to suppress. Major natural disasters, production safety accidents, and public health incidents still occur from time to time. The security of overseas institutions, projects, and personnel faces real risks. Various "black swan" and "gray rhino" events require high attention. We must be good at looking at problems from a political perspective, assessing risks from the overall situation, dealing with small probability events with high-probability thinking, and with keen insight and proactive preparedness, promptly discover and effectively dispose of risk hazards.
Focus on enhancing the ability to effectively respond to challenges. "Just as you enter the mountains full of circles, one mountain releases you and another mountain blocks you." No political party in the world has encountered so many difficulties and obstacles as we have. It is precisely in continuously and successfully responding to challenges that the Communist Party of China forges itself, matures, and grows stronger. At present, we are in a time when the boat is in the middle of the river and the waves are stronger, when people are halfway up the mountain and the slope is steeper, a time when the more we advance, the harder and more dangerous it becomes, and yet if we do not advance, we retreat, and we must advance. We must draw valuable experience from history in dealing with risks and challenges, and use systematic thinking to comprehensively advance risk governance. Examine risks with universal and interconnected perspectives, govern risks in an overall coordinated manner, start from the worst case, make the fullest preparations, strive towards a good direction, and seek the best results. On the road ahead, the greater the risks and challenges, the more we must carry forward the fighting spirit and enhance our fighting skills. Deeply understand that seeking security through struggle leads to security surviving, while seeking security through weakness and concession leads to security perishing. In various major struggles, adhere to the unity of enhancing awareness of potential dangers and maintaining strategic resolve, adhere to the unity of strategic judgment and tactical decision, adhere to the unity of the struggle process and the struggle effect, ensuring that the great ship of the Chinese revival rides the wind and waves, 行稳致远 (xíng wěn zhì yuǎn - "move steadily and reach far," to proceed steadily and achieve long-term goals).
To strengthen confidence and continue the struggle, we must continuously promote the building of a community with a shared future for humanity.
Adhering to a global vision is an important historical experience of the Communist Party of China in its centenary struggle. Our Party is not only committed to seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, but also committed to seeking progress for humanity and common good for the world. Since the 18th Party Congress, China has actively led the direction of reform of the international system and order, playing an increasingly important and constructive role in international affairs. At present, the international situation is undergoing the most profound evolution since the end of the Second World War; the depth of change is rarely seen in history, the intensity of chaos is more prominent, and humanity once again stands at a crossroads of where to go. On the new journey, we must adhere to the principles and policies of self-confidence and self-reliance, openness and inclusiveness, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation, always stand on the right side of history and on the side of human civilization progress, shape a new pattern of relations between our country and the world, create a favorable external environment for promoting Chinese-style modernization, and make new and greater contributions to the lofty cause of human peace and development.
Adhere to the Marxist theory of world history, profoundly grasp the historical trend of humanity’s shared future. The great path is not lonely; the world is one family. In today’s world, the degree of mutual connection and interdependence among countries is unprecedented. Facing the century-old question of "what is wrong with the world, what should we do," General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively put forward the major concept of building a community with a shared future for humanity, fully demonstrating 高瞻远瞩 (gāo zhān yuǎn zhǔ - "look far and see high," to be farsighted and visionary) strategic vision and the world sentiment of establishing oneself and helping others. Since the 18th Party Congress, China has proposed a series of community with a shared future initiatives at the global governance level, the regional level, and the bilateral level. China’s proposed Belt and Road Initiative and Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Initiative have become global public goods warmly welcomed by the international community. Whether it is proposing the building of a constructive and strategically stable relationship between China and the United States, or proposing the creation of four major partnership relationships between China and Europe—peace, growth, reform, and civilization—or upholding the correct view of righteousness and benefit to strengthen solidarity and cooperation with developing countries, leading and promoting the global South to unite and strengthen itself, China increasingly thinks and acts from the perspective of the overall interests of the whole world and all humanity, demonstrating ever greater influence, appeal, and shaping power on the international stage. On the new journey, we must promote global governance based on extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, more closely link China’s development with world development, and continuously transform the concept of building a community with a shared future for humanity into rich practice.
Promote the common values of all humanity, providing value criteria for building a new type of international relations. Resolving the prominent contradictions and problems facing humanity requires not only material means to overcome difficulties, but also spiritual strength to 诚意正心 (chéng yì zhèng xīn - "sincerely intend and rectify the mind," to make sincere intentions and correct the heart). General Secretary Xi Jinping creatively put forward the common values of all humanity—peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom—breaking the long-term monopoly of Western "universal values," transcending differences in ideology, social systems, and development levels, and finding the greatest common divisor for reforming the global governance system. Entering the new era, China promotes dialogue and exchange and cooperation among countries on the basis of equality and mutual respect, jointly with Brazil and other global South countries launched the "Friends of Peace" group on the Ukraine crisis to accumulate conditions for ceasefire and peace talks, facilitated the historic reconciliation and restoration of diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran, played a constructive role in disputes such as the Thailand-Cambodia border dispute, initiated and promoted the establishment of the International Organization for Mediation, and with the due responsibility of a major country, firmly defended the value foundation of building a better world. To further promote the common values of all humanity, we must understand different civilizations’ understanding of the connotation of values with an open and inclusive broad mind, respect different countries’ peoples’ exploration of the path to realize values, and make the common values of all humanity truly become an international consensus commonly accepted and widely practiced by the peoples of all countries.
Implement the four major global initiatives, promoting all countries to jointly respond to challenges and achieve common prosperity. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that China does not pursue modernization that only benefits itself, and welcomes more foreign friends to actively participate in the process of Chinese-style modernization. China is willing to, based on the concept of win-win cooperation, continuously provide new opportunities for world development with new achievements of Chinese-style modernization, and work with all parties to strive to promote peace, development, mutually beneficial cooperation, and common prosperity in world modernization. Today’s world faces increasing deficits in peace, development, security, and governance. General Secretary Xi Jinping successively proposed the Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, Global Civilization Initiative, and Global Governance Initiative, systematically answering the major question of "what kind of world to build and how to build it," reflecting a correct view of history, the overall situation, and roles, injecting stability and certainty into a turbulent world, and becoming an important support for building a community with a shared future for humanity. On the road ahead, we must always adhere to true multilateralism, uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core, promote the four major global initiatives to 落地生根 (luò dì shēng gēn - "fall to the ground and take root," to take root and be implemented) and 开花结果 (kāi huā jié guǒ - "blossom and bear fruit," to yield results), continuously open up bright prospects for the world towards peace, security, prosperity, and progress.
To strengthen confidence and continue the struggle, we must persistently advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.
For China’s affairs to be done well, the key lies in the Party, and the key lies in comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. Promoting Party building as a great project, and always adhering to the principle and policy of the Party governing itself strictly, is a major innovation of our Party and also a magic weapon for building the Party and the country, and for rejuvenating the Party and strengthening the country. Since the 18th Party Congress, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has taken comprehensive and strict governance of the Party as the distinct theme of Party building in the new era, starting with the formulation and implementation of the eight-point central regulations to break the ice, persistently rectifying conduct and enforcing discipline, carrying out an unprecedented fight against corruption with the mission of "offending thousands, not betraying 1.4 billion," fundamentally reversing the lax and soft situation in Party governance, and significantly enhancing the Party’s ability to self-purify, self-improve, self-reform, and self-enhance. As a century-old major party, how to forever maintain its advanced nature and purity, forever retain its youthful vitality, how to forever gain the support and endorsement of the people, and how to achieve long-term governance—these are fundamental issues we must answer and solve well. We must fully implement Xi Jinping’s thought on Party building, and govern and strengthen the Party with higher standards and more concrete measures.
To persistently advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, we must take "two upholds" as the highest political principle and fundamental political rule of the Party. Practice has repeatedly proven that at critical historical moments and before major tests, the judgment, decision-making, and action capabilities of the Party Central Committee are decisive. Since the 18th Party Congress, the fundamental reason for the historic achievements and historic changes in the cause of the Party and the state lies in the leadership and command of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and in the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The "two establishments" are the greatest certainty, greatest confidence, and greatest guarantee for the Party and the people to deal with all uncertainties. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical period for consolidating the foundation and making comprehensive efforts to basically realize socialist modernization. Faced with the very heavy tasks of Chinese-style modernization construction and the severe and complex governance environment, we must even more adhere to and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, especially the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, unswervingly embrace, trust, be loyal to, and uphold the core, ensuring that the entire Party unites in thought, will, and action.
To persistently advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, we must strengthen all aspects of Party building with political building as the guide. Political building of the Party is the fundamental building of the Party, determining the direction and effectiveness of Party building. Only by grasping the political direction correctly, adhering to the Party’s political leadership, consolidating the political foundation, cultivating the political ecology, preventing political risks, forever maintaining political integrity, and improving political capacity can we provide a strong guarantee for our Party to continuously develop and grow, and move from victory to victory. On the new journey, we must highlight the political and organizational functions of Party organizations, insist on coordinating ideological Party building and institutional Party governance, insist on simultaneously grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline, integratively advance the mechanisms of not daring to corrupt, not being able to corrupt, and not wanting to corrupt, lead and drive the overall improvement of Party building quality through political strengthening, promote the organic connection, linkage integration, and coordination of all aspects of Party building, continuously enhance the Party’s political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, ensuring that the Party always remains a strong leading core in the historical process of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
To persistently advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, we must further improve the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system. Today, our Party has developed into the world’s largest ruling party with over 100 million members and significant global influence. Being large has advantages, and being large also has difficulties. At present, the anti-corruption struggle situation is still severe and complex, the task of eradicating the soil and conditions for corruption is still arduous and heavy, the Party’s self-reform is always on the road, and we must unswervingly push comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to greater depths. Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, the core lies in strengthening the Party’s leadership, the foundation lies in comprehensiveness, the key lies in strictness, and the crucial point lies in governance. We must use systematic thinking and scientific methods to promote the full coverage of content, full coverage of objects, full chain of responsibilities, and full connectivity of systems in Party governance and self-governance, enforce strictness in ideology, supervision, discipline, cadre management, conduct, and anti-corruption, improve the organizational system with vertical and horizontal connectivity and strong execution, the education system for consolidating the foundation, cultivating the source, and uniting souls, the supervision system for precise targeting and addressing both symptoms and root causes, the system for scientific completeness and effective practicality, and the responsibility system with clear subjects and clear requirements, so that all work of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party better reflects the times, grasps the laws, and is rich in creativity.
功崇惟志 (gōng chóng wéi zhì - "achievement is lofty only through ambition," great achievements require great aspirations), 业广惟勤 (yè guǎng wéi qín - "career is broad only through diligence," vast undertakings require hard work). On the new journey, the entire Party must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, firmly grasp the clear requirements of the "five musts," transform firm confidence into a powerful force to overcome difficulties, take on responsibilities, and make achievements, and continuously open up new prospects for the great cause of building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation.
Return to TopBy: 中国石油化工集团有限公司党组书记、董事长 侯启军
A great era calls for a great spirit; a lofty cause requires exemplary guidance. On the occasion of the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party, Comrade Chen Junwu (陈俊武) was awarded the July 1 Medal (七一勋章), the only meritorious and exemplary Party member in the national energy and chemical sector to receive this honor. This highest honor within the Party is the supreme recognition from the Party and the people for his dedication to the Party and service to the country, and for his lifelong struggle; it is great affirmation of his sharp innovation and courage to scale peaks; and it is even more an eternal remembrance of his indifference to fame and wealth and his willingness to be a ladder for others.
Comrade Chen Junwu was a renowned refining engineering expert in China, a founder of catalytic cracking engineering technology, and an expert in modern coal chemical technology. He began working in 1949, striving together with New China, always taking the nation's needs as the navigation mark of his life. He created many "firsts" for the Republic in the refining industry and made pioneering contributions to the development and progress of China's refining industry. In the first year of the 15th Five-Year Plan (十五五), and at the critical juncture when China Petrochemical Corporation (中国石油化工集团有限公司) (hereinafter referred to as Sinopec (中国石化)) is pushing forward high-quality development through a second entrepreneurship, deeply studying Comrade Chen Junwu's advanced deeds and lofty spirit holds important and far-reaching significance for all cadres and employees to strengthen convictions, gather strength, and assume their missions. We must bear in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's ardent entrustment, carry forward the great founding spirit of the Party, take Comrade Chen Junwu as our role model, inherit the spiritual torch, continue the struggle gene, advance on the new journey of second entrepreneurship with an even more vigorous mental state, and inject powerful spiritual momentum into building a world-leading modern energy and chemical company.
Learn from Comrade Chen Junwu's sincere devotion to the Party and service to the country, and build a firm foundation of faith in the second entrepreneurship.
Comrade Chen Junwu's life was a life of unwavering commitment to listening to the Party and following the Party. As a youth, witnessing the backwardness of the national petroleum industry and the predicament of being constrained everywhere by others, he set the grand aspiration: "When drawing a bow, draw the strongest; I must devote myself to the petroleum industry, using what I have learned to contribute to the revitalization of the nation and the country." After the founding of New China, he gave up the opportunity to stay in a big city and went to the arduous conditions of Fushun to devote himself to the synthetic petroleum project. In 1956 he joined the Chinese Communist Party, and in his Party membership application he solemnly wrote, "I want to struggle for the Party's cause for my entire life." Throughout his life of working for the Party, he always took "national needs" as his beacon, using concrete actions to fulfill his solemn pledge of devotion to the Party and service to the country. Comrade Chen Junwu's experience profoundly enlightens us: loyalty to the Party is not an abstract political statement, but stepping forward when the nation needs it and going without hesitation when the cause calls. It is this firm conviction of "the Party tells me where to go, I go; the Party tells me what to do, I do it" that sustained him in never changing his original aspiration and being unwavering throughout his lifetime of struggle. The second entrepreneurship is a new road of examination. We must take Comrade Chen Junwu as our role model, always remember that Sinopec was born for the Party, for the country, and for the people; deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the "two establishments" (两个确立); enhance the "four consciousnesses" (四个意识), strengthen the "four confidences" (四个自信), and achieve the "two upholds" (两个维护); transform the sincere devotion to the Party and service to the country into concrete actions serving national strategies; demonstrate mission and responsibility in fulfilling the three core responsibilities (三大核心职责); better play the "three roles" (三个作用), act as the "three pacesetters" (三个排头兵), and provide the "three services" (三个服务).
Learn from Comrade Chen Junwu's pioneering spirit of daring to be the first, and courageously scale the heights of science and technology in the second entrepreneurship.
Comrade Chen Junwu's life was a life of sharp innovation and courage to scale peaks. In the early 1960s, facing a predicament of no blueprints, no data, and no foreign assistance, the 34-year-old Chen Junwu was entrusted with a critical mission at a time of crisis to serve as the designer of China's first fluidized catalytic cracking unit. Starting from basic theory, he took four years to make the unit succeed on its first startup, propelling China's refining technology forward by nearly 20 years in one leap. In the following decades, he successively overcame key technologies such as coaxial catalytic cracking and residual oil catalytic cracking. After retirement, he extended his innovative reach into the field of coal chemical technology, opening an entirely new route for producing olefins from non-petroleum raw materials. Comrade Chen Junwu's experience profoundly enlightens us: key core technologies cannot be begged for, bought, or obtained through negotiation; only independent innovation can firmly grasp the development initiative in our own hands. The fundamental way out for the second entrepreneurship lies in innovation, and the core driving force lies in science and technology. We must take Comrade Chen Junwu as our role model, strengthen the ambition to dare to be the first, the backbone to tackle difficulties, and the confidence to break through with innovation; anchor on high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening; focus on "bottleneck" technologies and frontier leading technologies to strive for breakthroughs; go all out to fight the critical battle of science, production, finance, and innovation integration (科产融创); accelerate the building of a leading enterprise in science, production, finance, and innovation integration; and strive to transform this "key variable" (关键变量) of scientific and technological innovation into the "greatest increment" (最大增量) of the second entrepreneurship.
Learn from Comrade Chen Junwu's strategic vision for insight into the future, and seize development opportunities in the second entrepreneurship.
Comrade Chen Junwu's life was a life of standing firm in the present while looking far ahead. After retirement, he could have enjoyed his old age in peace, but instead he turned his gaze toward the national energy substitution strategy, spending many years guiding the industrial scale-up of coal-based methanol-to-olefins technology, opening an entirely new path for the clean and efficient utilization of coal in China. In his old age, he systematically studied the carbon emission patterns of the world's major countries, completed a work of over 200,000 Chinese characters, Research on China's Medium- and Long-Term Carbon Emission Reduction Strategic Goals (《中国中长期碳减排战略目标研究》), providing an important scientific basis for the formulation of the national carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Even in his 90s, he still paid attention to the frontiers of the industry, pondering the great plans for the country's development over the next several decades. Comrade Chen Junwu's experience profoundly enlightens us: planning the present means planning the future; only by standing high and seeing far can we grasp the general trend and win the initiative amidst changes. The second entrepreneurship is a strategic transformation oriented toward the future. We must take Comrade Chen Junwu as our role model, enhance the foresight and initiative of our work, establish strategic thinking and a systematic perspective, closely revolve around building a new industrial pattern of "one foundation, two wings, three chains, four new things" (一基两翼三链四新), accelerate the cultivation and development of new quality productive forces, and strive to win the initiative, win advantages, and win the future in the energy transition and industrial transformation.
Learn from Comrade Chen Junwu's selfless character of indifference to fame and wealth, and gather the strength of endeavor in the second entrepreneurship.
Comrade Chen Junwu's life was a life of indifference to fame and wealth and willingness to be a ladder for others. "If in a lifetime giving exceeds taking, life is splendid; if giving equals taking, life is ordinary; if giving is less than taking, life is dim" — this was his formula for measuring his own value. After retirement, he set himself three major goals: "writing books, establishing theories, and cultivating talent." He authored Comprehensive Discussion on Petroleum Substitution (《石油替代综论》) of over 1.2 million Chinese characters, cultivated a large number of high-level industry experts, and repeatedly donated his personal bonuses to establish a youth science and technology fund and to support impoverished students. In his later years, he still admonished himself, "I cannot think that because I have received many honors, I should take a rest. I am always vigilant in my mind and dare not have this thought." This indifference and modesty, selflessness and sense of responsibility, are precisely the precious spiritual wealth he left us. Comrade Chen Junwu's experience profoundly enlightens us: great undertakings are always forged by dedication; the more critical the moment of climbing slopes and crossing obstacles, the more we must disregard gains and losses and be willing to contribute. The second entrepreneurship is an arduous and difficult restart. We must take Comrade Chen Junwu as our role model, vigorously carry forward the petroleum spirit, promote the petrochemical tradition, vigorously promote the style of hard struggle, maintain composure in the face of gains and losses, step forward in the face of urgent, difficult, dangerous, and heavy tasks, do every job to the utmost with down-to-earth effort, and gather the mighty force of "second entrepreneurship, struggle includes me."
An example is a silent textbook; a model is a tangible benchmark. Although Comrade Chen Junwu has left us, the spiritual monument he erected stands tall. We must take Comrade Chen Junwu as our role model, transform the results of our study into surging momentum to forge ahead on the new journey of the second entrepreneurship, accelerate the building of a world-leading modern energy and chemical company, make new contributions and achieve new accomplishments for the Party and the people through concrete actions, solid results, and actual effectiveness, and make new and greater contributions to the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
Return to TopBy: 陈贤滨
The Chinese Communist Party was born for the people and thrives because of the people; all its work is for the people's happiness. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out that Communists must remember that bringing benefit to the people is the greatest political achievement. This important exposition clarifies the fundamental direction and value destination for Communists in creating achievements. In December 1990, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, took the lead in establishing a rapid-response police operation mechanism that equally emphasizes maintaining public order and serving the masses. In August 1996, the Ministry of Public Security (公安部) convened the "National On-site Meeting on the Construction of Urban 110 Alarm Service Stations" in Zhangzhou, Fujian, to promote the "Zhangzhou 110" establishment of a "rapid response" mechanism. "Zhangzhou 110 (漳州110)" has since spread across the country, making 110 the iconic brand of the people's police force. On September 18, 1996, Xi Jinping, then Deputy Secretary of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee, learned of the moving deeds of "Zhangzhou 110" serving the people in Fuzhou and wrote down the six-character sentiment "people's protective god (人民的保护神)." This was not only a commendation for a grassroots police unit but also a clear annotation of the Chinese Communist Party's concept of political achievements as "bringing benefit to the people," providing a vivid model for Party members and cadres in the new era to establish and practice a correct view of political achievements.
Adhering to the value pursuit of "people first"
Thought is the precursor of action. After reform and opening up, facing the stark contrast between the severe public security situation and the bottlenecks of the masses' demands, "Zhangzhou 110" insisted that the people's police serve the people, repositioned its functions, established a rapid-response mechanism to solve difficulties for the masses, and put forward the principle: "The people's difficulties are our difficulties; the people's satisfaction is our greatest wish." For over 30 years, they have persistently adhered to the concept of "people first" in reform and innovation. From the initial 7 people with 3 guns at the founding of the unit to the modern police force of over 280 police officers and auxiliary police and 5 professional teams, the equipment, personnel, and mechanisms of this unit have changed, but the essence of being the "people's protective god" remains unchanged. Through the years of tempering, it remains ever fresh. Party members and cadres must often ask themselves: Who am I, for whom do I act, and on whom do I rely? Regardless of position or post, they must always place the people in the highest position in their hearts and strengthen their sense of public service. Communists must always remember that creating political achievements is for the purpose of bringing benefit to the people, not for personal promotion or loss. They must achieve "what the people like, I like; what the people dislike, I dislike." Party members and cadres should consciously start from the interests of the people when thinking about problems, making decisions, and handling affairs, putting all their mind and energy into serving the people, rather than for personal or small-group private interests by engaging in flashy "image projects" and "achievement projects," leaving behind burdens and hidden dangers and arousing strong dissatisfaction among the masses.
Pursuing the orientation of "practical results and real effectiveness" in political achievements
Achievements are all made through hard work. At the founding of the unit, "Zhangzhou 110" put forward the solemn commitment: "Answer every alarm, help every difficulty, rescue every danger, respond to every request." It always thinks what the masses think and worries about what the masses worry about. On August 1, 2025, the "Regulations on the Development and Promotion of Zhangzhou 110" (《“漳州110”发展促进条例》) was formally implemented, becoming a local regulation that uses the advanced typical experience of public security to promote the modernization of grassroots social governance. This regulation legally clarifies that "Zhangzhou 110" serves as an important lever for grassroots governance integrated into the grassroots governance platform, enhancing the level of grassroots social governance and constructing a social governance pattern of co-construction, co-governance, and shared benefits. Today, "Zhangzhou 110" adheres to and develops the "Fengqiao experience (枫桥经验)" in the new era, optimizes the diversion mechanism for non-police incidents between 110 and the 12345 platform, promotes the joint governance of 64 municipal departments, and builds "People's Livelihood 110." With grid workers and police officers as the backbone, and several specialized teams such as public security patrol teams, legal aid teams, and volunteer service teams as support, it constructs and builds the "2+N" urban and rural community grid governance model, also known as "Community (Village) 110 (社区（乡村）110)," across 2,095 communities (villages) in the city, promoting the "four integrations" of police grids and social grids, organizational teams, duties and tasks, and work platforms. Adopting the "Internet + mass prevention and mass governance" approach, it develops and uses platforms such as "Xiangli Xiangqin (芗里芗亲)" and "Grid E-Tong (网格E通)" to maximize the pooling of popular strength. Party members and cadres insist on seeking truth and being pragmatic, using heart, feeling, and effort to solve the people's urgent, difficult, worried, and longed-for problems, doing good deeds well and practical things solidly; they often go to the grassroots to listen to the voices of the masses, truthfully reflect the people's wishes, focus on key livelihood areas such as education, employment, medical care, elderly care, and housing, and place solving the most immediate, most direct, and most realistic interest issues of the people at the forefront of all work, so that the fruits of reform and development benefit all the people more and more fairly, putting energy into solving practical problems and effort into promoting the implementation of work, so that political achievements are not just numbers written in summaries but are reflected in the smiles on the faces of the common people.
Upholding the post responsibilities of "responsibility and self-discipline"
Responsibility stems from an inner sense of duty and mission; self-discipline ensures that this sense of duty does not deviate from the correct track. The honorary title of "Role Model of the Times (时代楷模)" of "Zhangzhou 110" was not shouted out, but earned by generations of police officers through responsibility, dedication, and perseverance. They are on standby 24 hours a day, patrolling and guarding on the streets and alleys, carrying trapped elderly people to safety in rainstorms, quickly solving theft cases in the dead of night, and staying at their posts during holidays to guard the myriad lights of the city. "Zhangzhou 110" has no earth-shattering feats, only day-to-day perseverance. At the same time, from the 37 "iron rules" at the founding of the unit to the current construction of an "online + offline" and "police camp + family" all-round supervision mechanism, "Zhangzhou 110" has always placed discipline and rules in the forefront. Since its founding, 54 batches of 652 police officers serving in the unit have had zero cases of discipline violations or lawbreaking, ensuring through high self-discipline that serving the people does not go off course. To establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, one must take responsibility as the key and dedication as the foundation. Tall trees do not grow in a greenhouse; slackers cannot accomplish grand plans. Party members and cadres must grow their abilities and strengthen their backbone through weathering storms and seeing the world, forging a hard backbone, iron shoulders, and true skills for taking responsibility and acting, placing courage first and action foremost, being brave in taking responsibility and good at acting, actively shouldering burdens and bravely overcoming difficulties, stepping forward and rising to the occasion in the face of urgent, difficult, dangerous, and heavy tasks. To establish and practice a correct view of political achievements, Party spirit plays a decisive role. Party members and cadres must hold fast to the bottom line of integrity, always maintain the political character of being pragmatic, honest, and clean for the people, always maintain a sense of reverence, internalize discipline and rules into daily behavioral norms used without conscious awareness, build a strong ideological defense against corruption and degeneration, and win the trust of the masses with a clean and honest work style and a spirit of dedication to serving the people.
Adhering to the evaluation standard of "the people's test"
Whether a cadre's performance is good or not depends crucially on whether the common people's reputation is good. For over 30 years, the saying "A close neighbor is better than a distant relative, but a neighbor is not as good as 110" has spread across the country. Currently, "Zhangzhou 110" handles an average of over 200 alarms and calls per day, with a 5-minute arrival rate of 93.2%, an on-site mediation rate of over 92%, and a public satisfaction rate consistently maintained at 100%. On January 10, 2021, on the occasion of the first Chinese People's Police Day, "Zhangzhou 110" was awarded the title "Role Model of the Times" by the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee (中宣部). In the hearts of the people, "Zhangzhou 110" has always been the most trustworthy "protective god." The people recognize and cherish this unit from the bottom of their hearts, and this in turn inspires and drives all police officers to be more strict with themselves and serve the people with greater zeal. Responsibility nurtures trust, and trust inspires greater responsibility—this is the best confirmation of the two-way embrace between "original aspiration" and "popular will." All Party work always takes the people's interests as the fundamental starting point and落脚点, always adheres to the original aspiration and mission, and thus has won the heartfelt support and endorsement of the masses, thereby gathering the mighty force for building a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation.
Return to TopBy: 宋长远
Cadre assessment is the baton for selecting and appointing personnel, and also the touchstone for testing whether officials take on responsibilities and deliver results. How to assess cadres with precision, and how to make good use of this assessment baton to encourage cadres to take on responsibilities and deliver results, has always been both a focus and a difficulty of organizational work. In recent years, Tengzhou (滕州市) has made going deep into the front line of industrial development an important pathway for understanding affairs and recognizing people at close quarters and for forging a strong cadre contingent. Focusing on the main line of industrial development, it has driven cadres to sink to the front line, conduct dynamic tracking on the front line, carry out precise identification on the front line, and provide positive incentives on the front line. It has improved and perfected a close-range, all-round, and normalized cadre assessment system, continuously stimulated the endogenous impetus for taking on responsibilities and delivering results, and injected strong momentum into industrial development.
Focusing on industrial development, cadres sink to the front line
The front line of industrial development is both a forward position where contradictions and problems become prominent, and an important arena for tempering and testing cadres. Tengzhou, surrounding key areas such as project introduction and construction and enterprise cultivation, has established a major project task-force system, a key project commissioner system, and a major engineering area headquarters system. It has implemented organizational "selection and deployment of troops," strengthened the forces on the industrial front line, and built a platform for practical combat and training. It has concentrated efforts on investment attraction. It selected 80 outstanding cadres from the entire city who understand policies and are skilled in communication, formed five industrial investment attraction task forces, and carried out investment attraction in key regions such as the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, precisely advancing the extension, supplementation, and strengthening of industrial chains. It has kept a close watch on project construction. It formed 17 key project advancement task forces, selected 86 cadres to sink to the project front line for on-site assistance, coordinated and resolved bottlenecks and difficulties in project construction, tempered cadres' ability to handle urgent, difficult, dangerous, and heavy tasks, and effectively promoted the implementation and success of a batch of major projects. It has deeply cultivated enterprise cultivation. Each year, it selects more than 400 division-level cadres and young cadres to carry out "one enterprise, one policy" cultivation and assistance; in 2025, it further selected 200 assistance commissioners for key industrial enterprises above the designated size, helping enterprises overcome difficulties and solve problems, continuously consolidating the foundation for industrial development.
Innovating assessment methods, conducting dynamic tracking on the front line
After cadres sink to the front line, due to differences in industrial projects and divisions of responsibilities, how to accurately assess cadres' actual performance becomes an important issue. Tengzhou, based on reality, systematically innovates investigation methods, approaching the industrial front line to investigate and identify cadres. It establishes an investigation responsibility zone system. Following the principle of "similar types, interconnected," it divides the relevant responsible units for "strengthening industry and promoting production" into 7 investigation responsibility zones, establishes a system where deputy directors and division-level cadres of the Organization Department take the lead in liaising with towns/districts and departments, relatively fixes the investigators and investigation targets, regularly goes deep into the front line to inspect actual conditions, observe work styles, and supervise implementation, putting the effort of recognizing people into ordinary times. It implements special follow-up investigations. It selects 20 "knowledgeable" cadres from units such as the Municipal Development and Reform Commission and the Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, forms 5 actual performance research and judgment groups, and for three consecutive years carries out special assessments on key industry headquarters and project task forces such as the chemical industry and machine tool industry, comprehensively grasping project progress, pre- and post-changes, and results highlights, understanding cadres' performance in different periods and at key nodes, and accurately assessing cadres' sense of responsibility and ability on the industrial front line. It conducts embedded supervisory investigations. It arranges for organizational work cadres to fully participate in the Municipal Party Committee's special inspections of major projects and special supervision of projects not started or not constructed, and to sit in on the Municipal Party Committee's scheduling and promotion meetings for assisting key enterprises, conducting a penetrating analysis of the cadre's performance in performing duties behind the work situation, achieving mutual promotion between supervising affairs and observing people. Through assessing while doing and doing while assessing, cadres feel that the organization is by their side, and their drive becomes stronger. In 2025, 102 projects were completed and put into operation, exceeding the schedule by 14 percentage points, demonstrating the effectiveness of on-the-front-line assessment.
Optimizing personnel-affairs co-assessment, conducting precise identification on the front line
It explores and constructs an integrated mechanism of "assessing people and assessing affairs," breaking through problems of traditional assessment such as seeing affairs but not people, and difficulty in distinguishing individual contributions, laying a solid foundation for precise identification and personnel selection. It adheres to a "four-in-one" approach to assess people through affairs. It improves the assessment system of observing, listening, discussing, and reviewing. Through on-site observation of project signing and landing, factor guarantees, construction and commissioning, etc.; through thematic listening at responsible unit work meetings or assessment symposiums to cadre individual reports, leadership comments, and peer reviews; through in-depth discussions with key groups such as enterprise and project responsible persons; and through consulting and reviewing economic indicator data, project reports, and other materials, it comprehensively and accurately evaluates cadres' performance of duties and the extent of their role. It highlights "integration and convergence" to distinguish talent based on achievements. In the on-the-front-line assessment of cadres, it closely integrates the content of comprehensive performance assessment, takes the completion of key indicators such as economic development and investment attraction as an important basis for judging cadres' actual performance, clarifies tasks, assigns responsibilities to individuals, quantifies standards, and focuses on understanding cadres' contribution in promoting indicator improvement and implementing key tasks, effectively distinguishing collective results from individual efforts, further improving the precision of assessing affairs and evaluating people. It implements a "one person, one file" archive evaluation. Surrounding the management and good use of cadres on the industrial front line, it promulgates systems for special assessment of key work and full-process tracking management of cadres tempered on the front line, establishes evaluation archives with "one person, one file," primarily records cadres' actual achievements, shortcomings, and other content during task advancement, and simultaneously inputs them into the cadre archive information system, intuitively displaying their sense of responsibility, performance, ability specialties, etc., giving full play to the "information support" role of on-the-front-line assessment.
Strengthening the use of results, providing positive incentives on the front line
Surrounding the resolution of the problem of insufficient incentive effect from cadre assessment, it adheres to "three combinations" in on-the-front-line assessment, releasing the maximum effect of positive incentives. It combines assessment and cultivation to improve ability. Targeting the shortcomings in ability in investment attraction, enterprise cultivation, etc., discovered during assessment, it precisely sets up training courses such as "building circles and strengthening chains" for investment attraction and enterprise listing operations, organizes "Tengzhou Grand Lectures" on artificial intelligence, low-altitude economy, etc., creates on-site teaching points for the chemical and machine tool industries, innovates the "practical teaching" model, and precisely addresses weaknesses and strengthens deficiencies, improving the cadre contingent's ability for modernization. It combines assessment and rewards to stimulate motivation. It links the results of on-the-front-line assessment with commendation rewards from comprehensive assessment, and collectively commends more than 120 cadres with outstanding performance on the front line. It deepens differentiated assessment of overall performance management, takes the situation of on-the-front-line assessment as an important reference, and creates a strong atmosphere of learning from each other, catching up, and striving for advancement. It combines assessment and use to set a clear orientation. It regards the correct orientation of personnel selection as the greatest incentive for cadres, focuses on discovering and selecting cadres on the main battlefield of economic development and in demanding front-line positions, and increases the quotas for rank promotion for those ranking high in comprehensive assessment. In the past three years, 123 cadres have been promoted or appointed to important positions, and 75 cadres have been promoted in rank (grade) from among the cadres on the economic construction front line, such as industrial investment attraction task forces, key project advancement task forces, and "one enterprise, one policy" cultivation assistance commissioners, using a clear orientation in personnel selection to encourage cadres to take root on the front line, take on responsibilities, and deliver results.
(The author is a member of the Standing Committee of the Tengzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the head of its Organization Department.)
Return to TopBy: 欧阳黔森
Only those who have experienced poverty can truly understand how remarkable it is to no longer be poor. Guizhou is the only province in the country without a single plain to support it; it possesses over 1.2 million peaks. Whether as a geological survey team member or as a literary worker, walking into these peaks has been the most precious and unforgettable journey of my life. The impulse to create often comes from memory, and what is worth remembering is often those indelible fragments and moments in our memory — and these fragments and moments are precisely the most vivid parts of the stories we tell.
I was born in Guizhou and grew up in Guizhou. My love for Guizhou can be expressed through the poet Ai Qing's words: “Why are my eyes often filled with tears? Because I love this land so deeply.” For me, such tears often leave me thoroughly exhilarated, and such exhilaration often leaves my heart carefree and joyful. Accompanied by this carefree joy, an indescribable sense of pride and happiness instantly surges within me.
General Secretary Xi Jinping, in his important speech at the opening ceremony of the Tenth National Congress of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the Ninth National Congress of the China Writers Association, said: “Only by taking root in the land underfoot, where one was born and raised, can literature and art connect with the local atmosphere, increase their confidence, infuse vitality, and stand firm amidst the cultural currents of the world.” This is an earnest exhortation to literary and art workers, and such exhortation strengthens my confidence: “Use feeling and effort to tell China’s stories well, and present to the world a credible, lovable, and respectable image of China.”
I have traversed every mountain and river of Guizhou, and visited every village and stockade of Guizhou. While having heart-to-heart talks with ordinary people, I often spent those moments in shock. The word shock (zhènhàn) — as a writer, I generally do not use it lightly, because some shocks seen by the eyes cannot be fully expressed by words. Merely using the word “shock” to tell the story is a sign that the writer’s “craft” is lacking. If a writer’s description can touch people’s hearts and leave an indelible memory, it must not be the two words shock left on paper, but whether your telling can sing with one sigh and three echoes (yī chàng sān tàn - “one song, three sighs,” to express deep and lingering emotions). And the foundation of this “one song, three sighs” is not that I tell it well, but that the facts themselves are even more splendid.
To tell China’s stories and rural stories well, one must never lock oneself in a study and fantasize; their vitality comes from the land and the people. A Record of Travels in Guizhou’s Villages (Qián Cūn Xíng Jì) adopted a walking, immersive style of fieldwork. I traveled across nine prefectures and cities of Guizhou, covering a total distance of more than 30,000 kilometers — from the thousand-village song-filled Miao and Dong stockades, to the pastoral villages with deep red-cultural heritage, to the Yi township towns that underwent whole-community relocation. During that time, what I loved most was going to the homes of the villagers, chatting with them about daily life, listening to them tell of their past hardships, present happiness, and future aspirations, and conducting research in industrial bases, poverty-alleviation workshops, and cultural-tourism integration areas — witnessing with my own eyes the growth of rural industries, and recording the striving stories of these simple, ordinary people.
In Hua Wu Village (化屋村), I walked the former “hand-clinging rock” and “fox-dog paths,” listening to villagers tell of past hardships — “communications relied on shouting, transportation relied on walking, keeping warm relied on shivering” — and also drove on the now asphalt-paved road to prosperity, watching Miao embroidery, yellow-rice cakes, and rural tourism become their current main industries. In Hua Mao Village (花茂村) and Gou Ba Village (苟坝村), I strolled along the field paths, witnessing the symbiosis and integration of red culture and green ecology; villagers who had once gone out for work were now returning home to start businesses. In Pu Ti Village (普梯村), I visited a centuries-old Buyi ancient stockade, learning how the villagers protect their culture and rely on local resources to pursue common development. In San Bao Street (三宝街道), I walked into a relocation resettlement site, experiencing the brand-new life of Yi and Miao people who, after moving out of the mountains, are now “stable, able to become prosperous.”
A grand epic of the times must ultimately land on tangible, perceivable small matters, so that readers can, through the words, truly touch the real pulse of Guizhou’s village transformation, and understand the profound significance of “bidding farewell to poverty.”
I remember interviewing Li Laidi (李来娣), a poor household that had already been lifted out of poverty, in the contiguous poverty-stricken Wuling Mountain area on the national scale. Li Laidi told me that in January 2008, during a large-scale freezing rain and snow disaster in the south, Comrade Xi Jinping came to Wanshan District, Tongren City, Guizhou Province to visit disaster-affected residents. Comrade Xi Jinping came to Li Laidi’s home and gave her quilts, cotton-padded clothes, and condolence money. In 2009, Wanshan District implemented centralized housing construction, launching a shantytown renovation project for the state-owned mercury mine workers. In 2010, Li Laidi’s family moved into a resettlement apartment in Tongxin Community, Wanshan Town. TV sets, sofas, and coffee tables — appliances she had never dared to imagine when living in the shantytown — were all available in her new home. That same year, with the help of the community, Li Laidi also found a new job at a supermarket near her home. Her life became comfortable and stable.
Li Laidi also told me that during the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, she went to Beijing to see General Secretary Xi Jinping.
I asked her: “Did you see him?”
She said: “I saw him, on TV.”
Pointing to her TV set, I said: “On TV — why not watch at home?”
She said: “It’s different.”
I said: “How is it different?”
She said earnestly: “Watching in Beijing is different! It’s closer to General Secretary Xi Jinping!”
After saying this, she raised her face with a brilliant smile. Such a sincere, simple smile is very touching. An ordinary person, carrying boundless love for the people’s leader, traveled thousands of miles to Beijing just to “be closer to General Secretary Xi Jinping” — what genuine, unadorned emotion that is!
Leaving Li Laidi’s home, I walked and thought. I kept reflecting on her words, “Watching him in Beijing is closer,” and scenes of her sweet smile and her face full of happiness kept flashing in my mind. Without doubt, she was heartfelt, from the bottom of her heart. Such a smile truly infected and moved me, and my own smile became brilliant as well.
I also remember a 96-year-old poor elderly woman, Auntie An (安大娘). Her process of poverty alleviation left a deep impression on me. She used to live in a thatched shed, not knowing where her next meal would come from. Now she has moved into a new house, with ample food and clothing. She was very old and spoke indistinctly, but she raised her smiling face and mumbled for a long time — I could not catch a single word. Seeing my embarrassment, the village-based cadre explained: over the years, wave after wave of poverty-alleviation team members had come to Auntie An’s home, but she was old and could not remember any of them…
I asked the village cadre: “How many times have you been to Auntie An’s home?”
The village cadre said: “At least seven times!”
I said: “Auntie An should know who you are, right?”
The village cadre shook his head: “She doesn’t know!” He turned his head to look at Auntie An, who was still mumbling, and said, “It doesn’t matter whether she knows who I am. What matters is that I know who she is.”
From such a smile, I deeply felt the sense of gain and happiness of an elderly woman who had weathered many vicissitudes. Years of seeing with my own eyes have made me clearly witness the all-round transformation of this land — from material to spiritual — and the mainstay of all these changes has always been the hardworking and enterprising people of Guizhou.
Guizhou, once one of the regions with the deepest poverty and the greatest poverty-alleviation pressure in the country, saw all 9.23 million impoverished people lifted out of poverty, and 1.92 million people moved out of the mountains. The transformation of each village and stockade, the happiness of each household, together form the grand picture of Guizhou’s land striving forward in the era. This great achievement did not come out of thin air; it was earned by countless people through day-and-night persistence and vigorous struggle. These lovely people, those stories worthy of song and tears, are everywhere — no writer can fabricate them arbitrarily; you must be present on the scene and record faithfully. No matter how you imagine, it will never match the splendor of the stories on the ground.
The transformation of people is the most core and most moving change in rural revitalization, and also the most important core of A Record of Travels in Guizhou’s Villages. In the past, mountain dwellers were trapped in their steps by the mountains and poverty, their inner hearts cramped and bewildered, not daring to aspire to a better life. But the rural people after poverty alleviation have a completely refreshed spiritual outlook — confident eyes and elevated mindsets. Returning youth pursue their dreams in their hometowns, local artisans uphold their inheritance, ordinary farming families work diligently and enterprisingly. People are no longer confined to subsistence; instead, they actively embrace the new era and actively create a better life. This inner spiritual breakthrough and soul reshaping is the most powerful proof of having completely bid farewell to poverty.
(The author is the Chairman of the Guizhou Writers Association)
Return to TopBy: 郝俊
In the empty metro car, you and I are lonely… At the next station we will go our separate ways, parting in the night at Jiahe Wanggang (嘉禾望岗). For the last time I see you off to this place; from now on, each of us must cherish our own road ahead…” A song of farewell called “Jiahe Wanggang,” after being interpreted through the husky yet magnetic voice of Hailai Amu (海来阿木), infuses the simple lyrics and gentle melody with a genuine sense of story.
This song, which has blazed a path to popularity, sings out the deep attachment and reluctance, the forbearance and fortitude hidden in ordinary people’s hearts, as well as their beautiful hopes as they race toward the road ahead. It gives the fireworks-and-stories of the city of Guangzhou a melody and an echo that touch people deeply. Through this song, the city also sends the joys and sorrows, the partings and reunions of the countless dream-chasers who struggle here to even more distant places, and engraves them deep in the memory of more people.
In real life, “Jiahe Wanggang” is the name of a metro station, an important hub in Guangzhou’s metro network, and the intersection point of Line 2, Line 3, and Line 14. At this station, if you transfer to Line 2 and head south, you can reach Guangzhou South Railway Station (high-speed rail station). If you transfer to Line 3 and go north, it leads to Baiyun Airport. It is precisely because of this special location that “Jiahe Wanggang” very naturally becomes a vivid metaphor for life’s transition scenes.
It can be said that the travelers who come and go here both bid a deep farewell to this place and resolutely hasten toward the distance. This station thus gives rise to an emotional tension. It is precisely these strands of unbreakable attachment that fill this mere transfer point, which ordinarily just moves crowds of people, with an endlessly flowing, thick affection.
In my view, the breakout of “Jiahe Wanggang” is no accident; rather, it is another vivid case of using literary and artistic empowerment to create a new cultural business card for the city. If we say that steel and concrete construct the city’s physical space, then literature and art give a city the memory of time. Material things build the space in which we busily move about, letting us know where we are; literature and art, on the other hand, carve emotional marks in time, enabling us to read the state of mind we have experienced along the way and to grasp the deeper meaning of every parting and reunion. In particular, literary and artistic works that possess a sense of story are more likely to evoke a sense of immersion in the audience. When appreciating such works, many people see their own reflections in the joys and sorrows of the creator.
“Jiahe Wanggang” is a musical work with a very strong narrative quality. As you listen, it reminds you of your own past experiences, thereby stirring the myriad thoughts hidden deep in your heart. Although the theme of this song is parting, it does not make people wallow in sad feelings of separation; rather, it conveys more the courage to face the road ahead and the determination to pursue one’s dreams, as well as the city’s blessings to every dream-chaser as they set out and its acceptance when they arrive. This is the uniquely moving power of literature and art. The Danish writer Isak Dinesen once said: “All sorrows can be borne if you put them into a story or tell a story about them.” In fact, the word “story” in this sentence can be replaced with any form of literature and art—for example, “put them into a song or sing them as a song,” and so on.
It should be said that the process by which a creator integrates his or her own “story” into a literary or artistic work is in fact a process of release and sublimation. The bittersweet experiences personally undergone are no longer trivial facts and surging emotions, but are transformed into words and musical notes, becoming aesthetic objects available for appreciation. The “story” in the work is no longer just “personal joys and sorrows,” but is transformed into spiritual nourishment that nourishes the heart, becoming an invisible force that spurs us forward. When a song enters the public’s view and triggers strong resonance, that song changes from one person’s monologue into the chorus of many people, becoming a literary and artistic vehicle for collective empathy, and thus very naturally becomes a moving melody in the city’s cultural narrative.
The reason why the song “Jiahe Wanggang” and the metro station of the same name have exploded into popularity is, in the final analysis, because the four characters “Jia He Wang Gang” carry the real memories of countless dream-chasers and strivers. And memory is especially important to every person. With memory, people can preserve their original aspirations, remember the past, and strengthen their direction for the future by looking back. To put it more concretely, only when people possess memory can they connect the different stages of life, so that ordinary days are no longer fragmented and the path forward is freed from randomness and chance. Through “memory,” we can “summon” the past at any time, especially those unforgettable fragments of the past, which can be repeatedly savored and pondered in the heart, and then transformed into the life energy that continually nourishes us.
Literary and artistic works happen to have the unique advantage of storing “memory.” The “storage” spoken of here is by no means a simple copy of real life, but rather a polishing and reshaping of one’s own personal experience, endowing it with a concrete artistic form so that it acquires a universal appeal. In short, the way literary and artistic works move people’s hearts is by making them empathize during the aesthetic process and gain meaning. Their impact on people is often faster, stronger, and more lasting than that of real life. At the beginning of this year, as soon as Hailai Amu’s “Jiahe Wanggang” was released, it rapidly went viral across the entire internet. After its launch, it successively topped multiple charts, and its total playback volume across the entire network quickly exceeded one billion plays, becoming a looping single for many netizens. Good literary and artistic works are always able to touch the softest place in people’s hearts within a short time. This power that goes straight to the heart is not meant to create a viral phenomenon, but to use artistic methods to tell a “story,” and within the story, to preserve for countless ordinary people a period of time that will not be forgotten, to collect a gentle memory that people are willing to pause and savor.
I have lived in Guangzhou for more than 20 years. Observing from the perspective of a writer, this vibrant international metropolis has never lacked storytellers. This open, inclusive, pragmatic, and progressive city provides abundant nourishment for creators of all kinds. Endless “stories” grow vigorously on this land, converging into the city’s steaming present-day fireworks and lively daily life. This picture, jointly painted by thousands upon thousands of “stories,” is the city’s most vivid “collective memory.”
Return to TopBy: 林娟芳
The Wulong River (乌龙江) flows leisurely, winding past the village. Following the bluestone-paved alley along the river, one discovers the Song Dynasty Noon Bridge (宋代午桥) quietly lying on the emerald waves. During the Tianyou era of the Tang dynasty, the ancestor of the Yan clan, Yan Huaiying (严怀英), entered Fujian with Wang Shenzhi and his brothers. Seeing that “Mount Yangqi (阳岐山) has many spirit stones, and the water has no turbid flow,” he settled in Shangqi (上岐) in Fuzhou’s Cangshan District (仓山区) and built a two-entry courtyard house, known to the world as the “Grand Master’s Mansion (大夫第).” This was not only the root of the Yan clan, but also the spiritual homeland where Yan Fu (1854–1921), the pioneering enlightenment figure who would later raise high the two banners of “science” and “patriotism,” set his youthful aspirations and returned in his final years. Yan Fu, originally named Zongguang and styled Youling, later renamed Fu with the style Jidao, was an outstanding modern Chinese enlightenment thinker, translator, and educator. Praised by Liang Qichao as “a first-class figure in both Chinese and Western learning,” his translation of Tianyan Lun (On Evolution) (《天演论》) awakened the nation with the theory of “natural selection, survival of the fittest,” exerting a profound influence.
The existing architecture of his former residence was rebuilt in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, covering an area of 745 square meters. It features a column-and-tie timber frame, three bays wide, with a layout of two entry courtyards. The fire-sealing walls on both sides spread out like the wings of a wild goose. Stepping into the “Rigorous Scholarship (严谨治学)” exhibition hall on the left side of the first entry’s central hall, the curriculum of the Fuzhou Naval School (福州船政学堂) prominently displayed on the panels: English, arithmetic, geometry, physics, optics, astronomy… These subjects, routine today, were in China 160 years ago a system of knowledge that was 开天辟地 (kāi tiān pì dì - “to open heaven and earth,” epoch-making). Yan Fu’s scientific enlightenment began precisely here. A photograph taken in Paris, displayed in the hall, captures the refined demeanor of a young Yan Fu. In 1877, Yan Fu arrived in England as one of the first batch of Chinese students sent overseas by the Qing government. At the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, he not only studied naval tactics but also spent a great deal of time in the library, devouring Western philosophical and social science classics 如饥似渴 (rú jī sì kě - “like hunger and thirst,” avidly). The then-Qing minister to Britain, Guo Songtao (郭嵩焘), took an immediate liking to him, the two becoming 一见如故 (yī jiàn rú gù - “like old friends at first sight,” hitting it off immediately). In his diary, Guo recorded repeatedly, “I greatly admire Youling’s talent.”
Passing through the courtyard of the first entry, on the right side of the “Pioneering Reform (首倡变革)” exhibition hall, a facsimile of Zhibao (《直报》) comes into view. After the disastrous defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Beiyang Fleet was 全军覆没 (quán jūn fù mò - “the entire army was wiped out,” total annihilation). Yan Fu’s schoolmates Deng Shichang (邓世昌) and Lin Yongsheng (林永升) died a heroic death. “Nearly half of the naval students died for the country.” When the news reached Tianjin, Yan Fu, then serving at the Beiyang Naval Academy (北洋水师学堂), was deeply shaken. Completely abandoning the idea of entering officialdom through the imperial examinations, he took up his pen and wrote four polemical essays: “On the Urgency of World Change (《论世变之亟》), ” “On the Origin of Strength (《原强》), ” “Refuting Han Yu (《辟韩》), ” and “On National Salvation (《救亡决论》).” These were published consecutively in Zhibao. At this time, Yan Fu’s thinking had turned toward enlightenment, placing hope for saving the nation’s fate on the people.
On the exhibition hall wall, the opening lines of “On the Urgency of World Change” are specially excerpted: “Alas! Observing the changes in today’s world, there has been nothing as urgent as this since the Qin dynasty.” At that time, Yan Fu acutely realized: the root of Western strength was never the “base material traces” of strong ships and powerful guns, but rather the scientific system behind them: “In scholarship, it discards the false and reveres the true; in punishment and governance, it curbs selfishness for the public good.” This was the West’s “vital lifeline.” In Yan Fu’s view, science was not fragmented techniques but a complete cognitive method. In his 1902 “Letter to the Editor of Waijiao Bao (《与〈外交报〉主人书》),” he deeply criticized his contemporaries’ views of “Chinese learning as substance, Western learning for practical use” and “politics as root, arts as branch.” He clearly stated that “science is the source of all Western learning” and explicitly proposed: “Logic, mathematics, physics, and chemistry—these four are all sciences. Their universal principles and general laws govern all matters, and the excellence of Western governance is established upon them.” His translation of Mill’s Logic (《穆勒名学》) was precisely intended to correct the traditional Chinese thinking flaw of “valuing deduction over induction,” teaching the Chinese people to first conduct “observation and measurement” and then “induction”—that is, to extract universal laws through observation, experimentation, and induction, emphasizing the injection of the scientific spirit into modern cultural transformation.
In the “Pursuit of Truth (追求真理)” exhibition hall on the left side of the second entry’s central hall, a corner displays the dissemination history of Yan Fu’s translation of Tianyan Lun (On Evolution). Tianyan Lun became 风行一时 (fēng xíng yī shí - “to be fashionable for a time,” to become very popular for a period) in the late Qing and early Republic, with more than 30 editions published in just over a decade. Learned scholars and erudite masters vied to acclaim it, making it the most popular translated work of Western learning at the time. Lu Xun said that his worldview was opened up by Huxley; Hu Shi was also influenced by the idea of “natural selection, survival of the fittest” from the book, changing his name to “Shizhi” (适之). This trend of thought profoundly shaped the worldview of modern Chinese intellectuals. Yan Fu translated Tianyan Lun to introduce Huxley’s biological theory of evolution, but he did not simply copy the original text. Instead, he added numerous commentaries, extending the law of “natural selection, survival of the fittest” to human society, sounding the alarm of national salvation for a sleeping China. However, Yan Fu also opposed blind “exclusion of foreigners.” In his “Letter to the Editor of Waijiao Bao,” he clearly stated: “It is permissible to hope for civilization; it is not permissible to hope for exclusion of foreigners.” In his view, true patriotism is not 闭关锁国 (bì guān suǒ guó - “close the country and blockade the state,” isolationism) but actively integrating into the great tide of world civilization and strengthening oneself by learning from the advanced.
The “Pursuit of Truth” exhibition hall also displays Yan Fu’s correspondence manuscripts with friends from his later years, with words revealing his dialectical thinking on Chinese and Western civilizations. Yan Fu was not an advocate of “total Westernization”; on the contrary, he was among the first modern Chinese thinkers to critically reflect on Western civilization. When World War I broke out in 1914, Yan Fu was commissioned by the government to study the war situation and translated and presented Juren Rilan (Daily Readings for Benevolent Governance) (《居仁日览》) for policymakers’ reference. In his letters to Xiong Chunru (熊纯如), he recorded his shock after witnessing the horrors of the European battlefield: “I feel that three hundred years of progress among that race have only achieved the eight words: ‘selfishness harms others, 寡廉鲜耻 (guǎ lián xiǎn chǐ - “little integrity, shamelessness,” devoid of honor and shame).’” The West, which he had once regarded as a model of civilization, exposed the cruel essence of “might makes right” in the bloodshed of war. He did not thereby negate the value of Western civilization, but became more soberly aware: civilization is pluralistic; learning from the West does not mean copying the West, and one must not discard one’s own cultural roots. In the same letter, he continued: “Looking back at the Way of Confucius and Mencius, it truly measures up to heaven and earth, and its blessings cover the entire world. This is not only my own opinion; even thoughtful people in the West are gradually coming to realize this.” This re-evaluation of traditional culture was not the “return to antiquity” of conservatives, but a rational return after the collision of civilizations. In his later years, Yan Fu said in his Commentary on Laozi’s Dao De Jing (《老子道德经评点》) that Laozi’s thought was connected to Western concepts of freedom and equality, and also resonated with the evolutionary theories of Darwin and Spencer. He proposed that “when old learning is discussed, it becomes more precise; when new knowledge is nurtured, it becomes deeper”—neither completely rejecting tradition nor blindly worshiping the West.
On the right side of the second entry’s central hall, the “Patriotic Revitalization (爱国兴邦)” exhibition hall displays more of Yan Fu’s practice as an educator. Yan Fu was one of the founders of modern Chinese naval education and higher education. An old photograph of the Beiyang Naval Academy on the exhibition wall records his twenty years of leadership there: the campus had spacious halls and a special observatory for students to study astronomy. Yan Fu established a new teaching system to cultivate students’ comprehensive qualities. In 1902, Yan Fu became the chief editor of the Translation Bureau of the Imperial University of Peking (京师大学堂), and in 1912, he became the first president of Peking University. The exhibition hall displays his proposed school-running policy: “兼收并蓄 (jiān shōu bìng xù - “to absorb all and store up,” inclusive), embrace all currents, to achieve greatness.” He also systematically expounded his educational views in On the Relationship Between Education and the State (《论教育与国家之关系》), advocating “strengthening the people’s physical strength, opening the people’s wisdom, and renewing the people’s virtue,” and criticizing the eight-legged essay examination system for “stifling wisdom, corrupting the mind, and fostering idleness.” He believed that education should cultivate well-rounded individuals, not pedants who only read dead books. More rare was Yan Fu’s particular attention to women’s education, proposing that “women’s self-strengthening is the deepest foundation of national governance.”
In the “Patriotic Revitalization” exhibition hall, the most moving exhibit is the will Yan Fu drafted in 1921 shortly before his death, brief but weighty—six items, each sentence 字字千钧 (zì zì qiān jūn - “each character a thousand jin,” extremely weighty and meaningful). “First, know that China will not perish; old methods can be modified, but they must not be betrayed… Sixth, when encountering a situation where the self and the group are opposed, one must remember that the self is light and the group is heavy, and even more so, avoid doing evil.” The first item firmly states “China will not perish,” and the sixth item exhorts descendants to remember “the self is light and the group is heavy.” This will condensed Yan Fu’s lifelong pursuit: patriotism is not clinging to old methods, but allowing the nation to survive through modification and innovation; patriotism is not focusing on the small self, but realizing personal value in the interests of the group.
As early as when he held leadership positions in Fuzhou City and Fujian Province, Comrade Xi Jinping actively promoted the study of Yan Fu. During his work in Fujian, Xi Jinping participated in many commemorative activities related to Yan Fu. In 2001, Xi Jinping edited the book Science and Patriotism: New Explorations of Yan Fu’s Thought (《科学与爱国——严复思想新探》). In the preface to this book, Xi Jinping praised Yan Fu for “raising high the two banners of science and patriotism,” and stated that “even today, Yan Fu’s thoughts on science and patriotism are not outdated.” More than 100 years have passed, and the two banners of “science” and “patriotism” that Yan Fu raised still possess indelible ideological value.
Return to TopBy: 何宝宏
At present, artificial intelligence is developing rapidly, and the world is facing the practical challenge of computing power and electricity supply. Computing-electricity synergy (算电协同), that is, the coordinated integration of the two core productive forces of computing power and electricity, is an important foundation for industrial upgrading and a key lever for China to seize the initiative and achieve a "bend overtaking" in global technological competition.
Why computing and electricity need to be synergistic
The rise of computing-electricity synergy from industry trials to national top-level design can be attributed to the following driving forces. First, the energy supply pressure brought by the explosive growth of computing demand. As the scale of AI large model training and inference continues to expand, the electricity intensity of computing infrastructure rises rapidly. According to the latest data from the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (中国信通院), in 2025, the electricity consumption of China's computing centers was 196 billion kWh, a year-on-year increase of 18.1%. Electricity is no longer just a basic guarantee but a core resource that directly affects the large-scale development of the AI industry, therefore it is necessary to coordinate computing layout and energy supply. Second, the urgent need for green transformation of the computing industry under the "dual carbon" goals. As the carbon neutrality target accelerates, the demand for green electricity from computing continues to rise. Through computing-electricity synergy, promoting the coordinated layout of computing nodes with clean energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics can significantly increase the proportion of green electricity consumption, reducing carbon emissions while enabling green computing to realize industrial value. Finally, the practical demand of the new-type power system construction for flexible regulation resources. For the power grid, the computing load is a new type of load that can be shifted without relying on the grid. Using computing loads as adjustable resources to participate in mechanisms such as the electricity spot market, demand response, and virtual power plants can dynamically adjust computing tasks across different regions and time periods, making them better match renewable energy output, and transforming data centers into flexible regulation resources within the new-type power system.
Computing-electricity synergy is the key infrastructure for building a new form of intelligent economy. On one hand, computing-electricity synergy constructs a green energy and computing power integration supply pattern at the foundation of the intelligent economy. The intelligent economy relies on a productive force system of "data – algorithm – computing power" as a trinity, and energy has now become a factor as important as chips, infrastructure, models, and applications. By deeply coordinating green electricity supply with computing layout, computing-electricity synergy not only improves the stability and economy of electricity supply but also enhances the local consumption capacity of renewable energy, building a green and sustainable energy-computing fusion foundation for the intelligent economy. On the other hand, computing-electricity synergy drives the coordinated upgrading of the computing supply chain industry chain, lowering the universal access threshold for intelligent economy applications. The intelligent economy is the deep integration of "AI+" into real economic scenarios such as manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, and finance, relying on stable, universal, and green high-quality computing support. Under the trend of computing-electricity synergy, the support of the computing industry chain will become more solid: upstream green electricity operators transform into comprehensive service providers of "green electricity + computing power"; midstream new business forms such as intelligent scheduling platforms, virtual power plants, and integrated source-grid-load-storage solutions emerge; downstream the large-scale application of supporting technologies such as liquid cooling, high-voltage DC power supply, and advanced energy storage is promoted. This cross-domain synergy improves the efficiency and resilience of computing infrastructure, lowers the threshold for industries to undergo intelligent transformation, enabling large models, intelligent agents, and AI-native applications to be rapidly deployed in real industrial scenarios at lower cost and higher reliability, further expanding the ecological breadth and innovation vitality of the intelligent economy.
Basic connotation and classification of computing-electricity synergy
Computing-electricity synergy refers to transforming computing power and electricity from an independent development and simple supply-demand relationship into a new-type infrastructure of coordinated planning, coordinated construction, and coordinated operation, achieving two-way interaction and optimal allocation of computing loads and electricity supply. Computing-electricity synergy can be divided into three dimensions: "computing follows electricity," "electricity follows computing," and "business follows green computing."
"Computing follows electricity" means that computing resources actively gather in regions with superior energy endowments, achieving local consumption of electricity resources. In construction, enterprises actively deploy computing facilities in areas with abundant new energy, low electricity prices, and strong grid carrying capacity, reducing electricity costs and carbon emissions. In operation, computing enterprises participate in demand response based on grid signals, flexibly scheduling computing tasks, achieving coordinated adaptation between computing power consumption and the power grid.
"Electricity follows computing" means that the power system builds a full-chain electricity consumption guarantee system to meet the rigid large-scale electricity needs of computing facilities. Power enterprises, in conjunction with the strategic layout of the national integrated computing network, actively explore the application of new energy and new-type energy storage to meet supply demands. At the same time, they improve the supply and trading mechanisms for green electricity and green certificates, continuously expanding the scale of green electricity market supply to provide green electricity guarantees for computing centers.
"Business follows green computing" means that various industries widely apply green computing power to drive their own green digital-intelligent upgrading. Computing service providers, relying on the integrated supply of "electricity + computing power," transform from using green electricity to outputting green Tokens (词元), extending the scenario for empowering industries and driving low-carbon upgrading across the entire industry chain. Computing supply and demand sides and all business entities across the industry chain consolidate a consensus on green computing development, optimize computing energy efficiency and carbon efficiency, deeply explore the effectiveness of computing in enabling green transformation, and promote the green and intelligent upgrading of China and even the world.
Current development status and future outlook of computing-electricity synergy
At present, computing-electricity synergy is evolving from "single-point technological breakthroughs" to a "system-level deep integration" paradigm. To achieve true computing-electricity synergy, breakthroughs are needed in multiple directions such as energy supply, hardware power distribution, and platform systems. First, reform energy supply methods by creating construction plans for direct green electricity connection, integrated source-grid-load-storage with computing centers, and forward-deploy new-type energy storage and future energy sources such as nuclear and hydrogen energy to meet the large-capacity, high-stability electricity supply needs of computing facilities. Second, upgrade the architecture of power distribution facilities. As computing centers gradually develop toward gigawatt-level, 100,000-card ultra-large clusters, ultra-high-density cabinets become mainstream. There is an urgent need to tackle key technologies such as high-voltage DC power distribution, integrated power supplies, and solid-state transformers (SST) to reduce AC-DC conversion energy consumption and improve power supply stability. Third, improve the synergy platform system. Computing loads can be flexibly dispatched across time periods and regions to participate in grid demand response. Therefore, it is necessary to build an integrated computing-electricity monitoring and regulation system, break through the data barriers between computing task scheduling and grid scheduling, and develop task-level flexible load regulation algorithms.
Computing-electricity synergy has important strategic significance, and its development direction aligns with China's industry needs. To address the many practical bottlenecks in current implementation, sustained efforts are needed in the following directions.
First, strengthen planning and design, and improve system construction. Strengthen the coordinated planning and layout of computing and electricity infrastructure to form a scientific and rational pattern of computing resources. Comprehensively consider the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and development trends of computing resources, optimize power grid development plans, and ensure the electricity supply for computing infrastructure and the safe and stable operation of the power system.
Second, build a "pioneering testing ground" to break through a number of key technologies for computing-electricity synergy. Relying on major national projects, focus on key directions such as direct green electricity connection, DC architecture, future energy, and green computing, and build an independent and controllable computing-electricity synergy technology system. Carry out a computing-electricity grid-weaving action, encourage research institutes, universities, and leading enterprises to carry out collaborative industry-academia-research-application breakthroughs, explore the construction of joint verification bases, and promote scenario innovation and large-scale application. Build a full-chain standard framework and testing evaluation system, and accelerate the application of standards in key regions and key enterprises.
Third, deepen industrial ecosystem construction and leverage the role of the computing-electricity synergy platform. Connect the national integrated computing network and the national power dispatching system to achieve unified scheduling and closed-loop feedback of computing resources, network resources, and power resources. Strengthen panoramic monitoring and dynamic evaluation of core synergy indicators such as green electricity consumption, carbon intensity, and load adjustability, supporting cross-regional, cross-platform situational awareness and scientific decision-making for computing and electricity resources, and improving the refinement and intelligence level of computing-electricity synergy management.
Fourth, contribute China's "green computing" solution and promote international cooperation and value conversion of computing-electricity synergy. Promote the alignment and mutual recognition of computing-electricity synergy technical standards with international ones. Study the overseas co-construction plans for computing-electricity infrastructure enterprises, broaden the layout space for international development, invest and implement computing-electricity synergy projects in overseas regions with outstanding clean energy endowments, and create a new form of digital trade of "computing power going global."
(The author is the Chief Engineer of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology)
Return to TopBy: 陆园园
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that implementing the innovation-driven development strategy is precisely about promoting comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation at its core. In the first half of 2026, the external environment was interwoven with turmoil and change, while domestically new situations and old problems became intertwined and superimposed. China’s economy withstood pressure, sustaining a development trend of overall stability while progressing toward the new and the excellent, demonstrating strong resilience and vitality. This hard-won achievement is rooted in the Party Central Committee’s insistence on innovation’s core position in the overall modernization of our country, and on accelerating the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. Standing at the crucial juncture of the start of the 15th Five-Year Plan (十五五), accelerating the formation of comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation at its core is not only an active choice in response to the century-old changes but also a key move that determines the quality of Chinese-style modernization.
That scientific and technological innovation is endowed with a “core” position first stems from a profound grasp of the laws of productivity evolution. Science and technology are the primary productive force, innovation is the primary driving force, and scientific and technological innovation, with its originality, leading nature, and disruptiveness, has become the most active and revolutionary force driving social progress. Without underlying breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation, industrial upgrading lacks a technological base, institutional reform loses its practical orientation, and management optimization can hardly achieve a qualitative leap—this is precisely the theoretical logic of a comprehensive innovation system centered on scientific and technological innovation. Surveying the history of the rise and fall of great powers in modern and contemporary times, the scientific and technological revolution has always been a decisive variable reshaping the global landscape. Since the new era, our country has successfully entered the ranks of innovative countries. R&D expenditure and the scale of R&D personnel rank among the top in the world, the Global Innovation Index ranking continues to rise, the competitiveness of science and innovation clusters has significantly strengthened, and fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, new energy vehicles, and biomedicine have achieved breakthroughs from catching up to partial leadership. These achievements are precisely the fruits of the strategy of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is advancing rapidly. The game among major countries around key core technologies is becoming increasingly intense. Scientific and technological competition has risen from an economic issue to the main battlefield of international strategic gaming. At the same time, as the domestic economy advances deeply toward high-quality development, traditional drivers are gradually declining, structural contradictions are interwoven and emerging, and the pressure for transformation, upgrading, and quality and efficiency improvement continues to accumulate. Under the dual challenges of internal and external factors, only by anchoring on the “bull’s nose” (牛鼻子, key lever) of scientific and technological innovation and concentrating forces to overcome the “bottleneck” (卡脖子, choke-point) problems can we effectively safeguard the security of industrial and supply chains and win strategic initiative amidst change. Meanwhile, the outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan lists a significant improvement in the level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening as one of the main objectives, and clearly promotes the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, continuously spawning new quality productive forces. New quality productive forces are themselves an advanced form of productive forces that conform to the new development concept. Their formation and development are highly dependent on scientific and technological innovation to achieve technological breakthroughs, factor restructuring, and industrial leaps. Therefore, taking scientific and technological innovation as the core pertains not only to gains and losses in a specific time and domain but also to the material and technological support for the overall modernization of the country, possessing irreplaceable strategic value.
Comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation at its core is by no means a “one-man show” (独角戏, solo performance) in the field of science and technology, but a “grand chorus” (大合唱, grand chorus) that encompasses multi-dimensional coordination across industries, enterprises, institutions, management, talent, and more. Industrial innovation is the key point: we must adhere to the two-way empowerment of the innovation chain and the industrial chain, deploy innovation resources around the weak links of the industrial chain, promote the high-end, intelligent, and green transformation of traditional industries, while vigorously cultivating strategic emerging industries, making forward-looking arrangements for future industries, and continuously spawning new business forms and new drivers. Enterprises are the main bodies of innovation; we must focus on cultivating and strengthening leading technology enterprises and specialized and sophisticated small and medium-sized enterprises that produce new and unique products, promote integrated innovation among large, medium, small, and micro enterprises, and truly let enterprises take the leading role in R&D investment, technological breakthroughs, and achievement transformation. Institutional innovation is the guarantee: we must deepen the reform of the science and technology system, improve the Party’s centralized and unified leadership over science and technology work, perfect the new type of whole-nation system (新型举国体制), unblock the blockages and sticking points in factor flow and achievement transformation, and build a systematic, complete, and effective institutional support system. Management innovation is the foundation of efficiency: it requires advancing the modernization of science and technology governance, optimizing the allocation of innovation resources, opening up the entire chain of innovation decision-making, scientific research, and achievement application, and effectively enhancing the overall operational efficiency of the innovation system. Talent innovation is fundamental: we must implement in tandem the strategies of revitalizing the country through science and education (科教兴国), strengthening the country through talent (人才强国), and innovation-driven development (创新驱动发展战略), build a strong force of strategic scientific and technological talent, improve the talent incentive mechanism oriented by innovation value, capability, and contribution, and fully unleash the innovation potential of all types of talent. Each has its own focus yet they are interconnected, building a comprehensive innovation system with scientific and technological innovation at its core. We must soberly see that problems such as the “two separate skins” (两张皮, disconnect) between science and technology and industry, the “last kilometer” (最后一公里, final mile) obstruction in achievement transformation, and the “four-onlys” (四唯, tendency to only value papers, titles, diplomas, and awards) tendency in science and technology evaluation are still prominent, and the coordination mechanisms in some areas have not yet been truly streamlined. Only by adhering to the thinking of “integrated coordination” (一体协同, integrated coordination) and promoting the deep integration and concerted efforts of innovation in various fields driven by the scientific and technological core can we realize the optimized upgrading of productive forces factors and the adaptive transformation of production relations, and build a collaborative, efficient, open, inclusive, autonomous, and controllable modern national innovation system.
To implement the core position of scientific and technological innovation, we must come up with hard and concrete measures (硬招实招, tough and practical measures) at key links. First, deepen the reform of the science and technology system, adhere to the dual-wheel drive of scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation, anchor the strategic orientation of the “Four Orientations” (四个面向, facing the world’s scientific frontiers, facing the main economic battlefield, facing the nation’s major needs, and facing the people’s life and health), optimize the organizational mechanism for major scientific and technological innovations, and promote the systematic, institutionalized, and coordinated layout of innovation forces, factor allocation, and talent teams. Strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, coordinate the positioning and division of labor among national laboratories, research institutions, high-level research universities, and leading technology enterprises, encourage the development of new-type R&D institutions, and form a pattern where various science and innovation platforms complement each other’s advantages and exert synergistic force. It is particularly important to adhere to the close combination of investment in things and investment in people (投资于物和投资于人, investment in material goods and investment in people), not only strengthening hardware investment such as major scientific and technological infrastructure, but also paying more attention to stimulating the innovation vitality of scientific researchers, making talent the first resource for innovation. Second, perfect the new type of whole-nation system, properly handle the relationship between an effective market and a competent government, fully leverage the decisive role of the market in resource allocation to create a fair and efficient innovation environment, while better giving play to the government’s strategic guidance and organizational coordination functions to gather the innovation synergy of the whole society. Further strengthen forward-looking arrangements in basic research and frontier interdisciplinary fields, increase the proportion of basic research expenditure in R&D investment, improve the investment mechanism that emphasizes both competitive support and stable support, provide long-term stable support for strategic science plans that are long-cycle, high-risk, difficult, but promising, while guiding local governments, enterprises, and social forces to invest in multiple ways, forming a virtuous cycle of basic research, applied research, and industrial development. Third, strengthen the principal position of enterprises in innovation, and build an innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market-oriented, and deep integration of industry, academia, and research. Improve the financial support system adapted to scientific and technological innovation, vigorously develop venture capital, equity investment, and technology credit, incentivize small and medium-sized enterprises to continuously increase R&D investment, and promote enterprises to play a greater role in tackling key core technologies and achieving major original technological breakthroughs. Promote the deep integration of the innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain, systematically lay out various types of factor resources, and form a seamless connection from decision-making to R&D, from transformation to application. At the same time, actively integrate into the global innovation network, enhance one’s own innovation capability through open cooperation, build a scientific research environment with international competitiveness, and inject new impetus into comprehensive innovation through high-level open innovation.
We should soberly see that our country’s economic development still faces many difficulties and challenges, but the fundamentals of a stable economic foundation, many advantages, strong resilience, and great potential have not changed. The super-large-scale market provides a broad application scenario for innovation, the vast talent reserve and vibrant entrepreneurial atmosphere inject inexhaustible driving force into innovation, and the increasingly complete industrial system and infrastructure build a solid backing for innovation. We have the confidence, conditions, and ability to transform this “key variable” (关键变量, key variable) of scientific and technological innovation into the “maximum increment” (最大增量, maximum increment) for high-quality development. At the same time, we must enhance our awareness of potential dangers, face up to the complexity of the external environment and the protracted nature of internal transformation, and with the urgency of time waits for no man (时不我待, shí bù wǒ dài - “time does not wait for me,” urgency), accelerate the formation of comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation at its core, and cultivate new drivers for developing new quality productive forces. Only by doing so can we maintain our composure amidst the wind and waves, seize the initiative in competition, and provide scientific and technological support for Chinese-style modernization.
Return to TopBy: 沈传宝
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The more effectively the Party is governed and managed, the stronger the guarantee for economic and social development. We must persistently and unswervingly advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party with the tenacity and resolve of always being on the road.” Whether China’s affairs are handled well depends critically on our Party, and on the level of Party governance and management. This is a basic conclusion our Party has drawn in the great practice of leading the people in revolution, construction, reform, and the new era. Over more than one hundred years of unremitting struggle, the Communist Party of China has always adhered to the principle that the Party must govern itself and govern itself strictly, up to the point in the new era when it proposed and implemented the strategic policy of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, advancing a historic transformation in the features of the Party and the state, accumulating rich experience in governing and managing the Party, and leaving profound revelations for further advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era.
The historical process and theoretical exploration of strictly governing and managing the Party
Strict governance of the Party is an important guarantee for the development of the Party’s cause. At whatever stage the cause of the Party and the people develops, the governance and management of the Party must keep pace with that stage, carry the strict requirements through the entire process of Party governance and management, use the political courage of self-reform to forcefully address the prominent problems within the Party, and achieve skill in managing the Party, strength in governing the Party, and effectiveness in building the Party. From this perspective, the CPC’s more than one hundred years of struggle history is both a history of continuously strengthening self-construction and a history of continuously strictly governing and managing the Party.
The Communist Party of China was born amid a storm of bloodshed and white terror, and from the very beginning established strict standards for Party membership and procedures for joining the Party. The Party’s first program adopted at the First National Congress, the first Party Constitution adopted at the Second National Congress, and other important documents stipulated requirements concerning political discipline, organizational discipline, and secrecy discipline, laying the distinct foundation of strict discipline and strict management that the CPC has long upheld.
During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, our Party carried out the initial practice and theoretical exploration of building and managing the Party under the conditions of revolutionary war. In this period, the Party was in the process of seizing state power and seeking survival and development, for which it placed special emphasis on strict education and management of Party members, putting forward demands such as “be strict within the Party, be lenient outside the Party” and “all reflections of non-proletarian consciousness within the Party must be severely corrected and prevented through work and struggle.” In the harsh environment of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Party launched the Rectification Movement, serious intra-Party political life, ensuring the Party’s purity and combat effectiveness. After the War of Liberation began, facing the dual tasks of war and land reform, the Party carried out a Party consolidation movement, making the Party’s ties with the masses closer. Mao Zedong put forward the slogan “Strengthen discipline, and the revolution will be invincible,” providing an important guarantee for strictly unifying the actions of the entire Party and the entire army and achieving revolutionary victory.
During the period of socialist revolution and construction, our Party arduously explored the path of governing and managing the Party under conditions of nationwide governance. Mao Zedong repeatedly emphasized the need to be highly vigilant and make every effort to prevent the problem of corruption and degeneration among Party cadres, warning the entire Party “not to form an aristocratic class divorced from the people.” To this end, in the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic, the Party launched a rectification movement across the Party to overcome sentiments of resting on one’s laurels and arrogance, as well as bureaucracy and commandism; carried out a Party consolidation campaign to educate on what it means to be a qualified Communist Party member under governance conditions; launched the Three-Anti Movement (三反运动) and decisively handled the corruption case of Liu Qingshan (刘青山) and Zhang Zishan (张子善), demonstrating the consistent attitude of strict governance after seizing power. The Eighth National Congress of the Party put forward a series of policies for strengthening the construction of the governing Party, including vigilance against the governing Party becoming divorced from the masses and from reality, and emphasis on supervision of the Party’s organizations and Party members. In this period, although our Party experienced serious setbacks, the Party and the people shared hardships, overcame difficulties, upheld fine traditions and style, and accumulated preliminary experience in governing Party construction.
During the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, our Party proposed and adhered to the principle that to govern the country well, the Party must first be governed well, and to govern the Party well, strictness must be applied, thereby initiating and advancing the great new project of Party building. At the beginning of reform and opening up, summing up historical experience and lessons, Deng Xiaoping raised the major proposition: “What kind of party should a governing party be, what kind of party member is qualified, and what kind of leadership is good at leading.” The Party resolutely opposed the argument that “to enliven the economy, discipline should be relaxed,” and severely cracked down on various unhealthy tendencies and violations of discipline and regulations. In 1987, the report of the Thirteenth National Congress of the Party stressed that “the Party must be strictly governed.” The Fourteenth National Congress emphasized the need to “uphold the principle that the Party must govern itself and govern itself strictly, and strengthen and improve Party building,” and wrote “strict governance of the Party” into the General Program of the Party Constitution. The Sixteenth National Congress proposed that “the policy of the Party governing itself and governing itself strictly must be adhered to.”
Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Party, the Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has taken comprehensive and strict governance of the Party as the distinct theme of Party building in the new era, opening a new realm of self-reform for a century-old major party. General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the major proposition of “comprehensively and strictly governing the Party” and later incorporated it into the “Four Comprehensives” strategic layout (四个全面). General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party has at its core strengthening the Party’s leadership; its foundation lies in comprehensiveness; its key lies in strictness; and its crux lies in governance.” The proposal of the strategic policy of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party profoundly reveals the breadth, depth, and intensity of governing and managing the Party in the new era. Our Party began by formulating and implementing the Central Eight-Point Regulations (中央八项规定) as the breakthrough, took the Party’s political construction as the overarching guide, used theoretical arming to consolidate souls, rectified conduct to drive out the stale and bring in the fresh, strictly managed officials to correct the orientation of personnel selection, punished corruption by “hunting tigers” (dǎ hǔ - “hunt tigers,” to go after senior officials), “swatting flies” (pāi yǐng - “swat flies,” to tackle lower-level corruption), and “chasing foxes” (liè hú - “chase foxes,” to pursue fugitives and recover illicit assets), and especially made strengthening disciplinary construction the fundamental measure for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, made rectifying conduct, enforcing discipline, and fighting corruption important content of comprehensive and strict governance, and advanced Party governance and management with unprecedented determination, courage, and force, curbing some unhealthy practices that had long gone unchecked, and correcting some stubborn ills that had persisted for years. Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the new era has provided a strong political guarantee for the Party’s and the state’s historic achievements and historic transformations.
The revolutionary forging and historic contributions of the Party in strict governance
Over more than one hundred years, our Party has remained true to its original aspiration and kept its mission firmly in mind, adhered to strictly governing and managing the Party, overcome various difficulties and dangers, and propelled the Chinese nation toward the great leap from standing up, to becoming prosperous, and to growing strong, writing the most magnificent epic in the several thousand years of Chinese history.
The long-term practice of strict governance has strengthened the Party’s leadership, especially the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee. The purpose of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is to strengthen the Party’s leadership, and upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee is the highest principle of the Party’s leadership. Looking back at the Party’s history, one can see that whenever the Party’s leadership was upheld and improved, the cause of the Party and the people developed healthily; whenever the Party’s leadership was weakened or even abandoned, the cause of the Party and the people suffered setbacks or even failure. The Zunyi Meeting held in 1935 in fact established Comrade Mao Zedong’s leading position in the Central Committee and the Red Army, began to establish the leading position of the correct Marxist line represented mainly by Comrade Mao Zedong in the Central Committee, and at the most critical moment saved the Party, saved the Red Army, and saved the Chinese revolution. After governing the country nationwide, our Party achieved unified leadership of the Party, providing a fundamental political guarantee for restoring the national economy, establishing the socialist system, and advancing socialist construction. After reform and opening up, the Party proposed strengthening and improving the Party’s leadership, insisted on “grasping with both hands, both hands must be firm,” providing a fundamental political guarantee for reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. Since the new era, the Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adopted a series of innovative measures to uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, the Party’s leadership system has been continuously perfected, implementation mechanisms for major Central Committee decisions and deployments have been continuously strengthened, and the Party’s political leadership, ideological guiding power, mass organizing power, and social appeal have been significantly enhanced.
The long-term practice of strict governance has won the support and endorsement of the people, fundamentally changing the future and destiny of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. Strict governance conforms to the Party’s heart and the people’s will, reflecting where people’s hearts turn. Over more than one hundred years, our Party has always stood with the people, thought together with the people, and worked together with the people. Especially since the new era, the Central Committee, with the strong mission and responsibility of “offending thousands of people rather than failing 1.4 billion,” has used the actual results of comprehensive and strict governance to win the trust of the people, consolidate the red river and mountain, and win the historical initiative. In this process, the Party has insisted on seeking progress for humanity and great harmony for the world, successfully led the people onto the path of Chinese-style modernization (中国式现代化), created a new form of human civilization (人类文明新形态), promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and contributed Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese strength to solving major problems facing humanity.
The long-term practice of strict governance has demonstrated the powerful vitality of Marxism, showing the vigor and vitality of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Why the Communist Party of China can do it, why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good, ultimately is because Marxism works, and because Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times works. The Communist Party of China adheres to the “two integrations” (两个结合) (combining the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture), continuously promotes the sinicization and modernization of Marxism, and unswervingly advances along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Particularly since the Eighteenth National Congress, the Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, focusing on the major era-era topic of “what kind of long-term governing Marxist party to build and how to build a long-term governing Marxist party,” has put forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies, forming Xi Jinping’s thought on Party building (习近平党建思想), which is a scientific theory formed in the historical process of strengthening the Party and the country in the new era, demonstrating powerful truth force. The successful practice of sinicization and modernization of Marxism has not only reshaped the theoretical form of Marxism in the contemporary era but has also to a large extent changed the balance of power between the two ideologies and two social systems of socialism and capitalism.
The long-term practice of strict governance has formed a relatively mature system for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, forging a powerful Communist Party of China. To forge iron, one must be strong oneself. Over more than one hundred years, Party building has connected points into lines, woven lines into surfaces, and continuously advanced systemically in the practice of exploring Party governance and management. Especially since the Eighteenth National Congress, the Central Committee has adhered to comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, insisted on grasping the Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, linking rectification of conduct, enforcement of discipline, and anti-corruption, and placed greater emphasis on holistic advancement and coordinated effort, with systematic theoretical guidance, complete task layout, sound institutional design, and matched working grips. The Party has withstood various risk tests in life-and-death struggles and arduous struggle, maintained its advanced nature and purity, significantly enhanced its creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness, become stronger through revolutionary forging, become the strong leadership core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and become the world’s largest governing party with significant global influence.
The rich experience and profound revelations of strict governance of a century-old major party
In its long-term practice of advancing Party governance and management, our Party has strived to explore the characteristics and laws of strict governance, continuously deepened its understanding of the laws of strict governance, accumulated rich historical experience, and left profound practical revelations.
Adhere to strategic planning and top-level design. Over more than one hundred years, the Central Committee has always engaged in strategic thinking around major topics such as “what kind of Party to build and how to build the Party” and “what kind of long-term governing Marxist party to build and how to build a long-term governing Marxist party.” From focusing on ideological Party building to emphasizing taking the Party’s political construction as the overarching guide, from advancing the great new project of Party building to advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era, it has explored a successful path of relying on the Party’s self-reform to leap out of the historical cycle rate. Especially since the Eighteenth National Congress, the Central Committee has coordinated the advancement of the “Four Comprehensives” strategic layout, insisted on planning Party building work and central work together, deploying them together, assessing them together, and carried strict standards and strict measures through all aspects of Party governance and management, both planning the Party building layout from the top-level design and focusing on solving prominent problems from the angle of measures and methods, promoting the deepening of comprehensive and strict governance.
Adhere to political leadership and ensure the authority of the Central Committee. Taking a clear stand on politics is both a distinct feature of a Marxist party and a political advantage that our Party has consistently maintained. The Party’s political construction determines the direction and effect of Party building. Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party must first be viewed from a political perspective; the Party’s political construction must be placed first, the political direction must be accurately grasped, the Party’s political leadership must be upheld, the political foundation must be tamped, the political ecology must be cultivated, political risks must be prevented, political nature must be forever maintained, and political capacity must be improved. The primary task of political construction is to uphold the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee.
Adhere to a systematic perspective and advance systematic construction. Advancing Party building as a great project is a major innovation of our Party. Under the new circumstances, facing the unique challenges of a large party, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that Party building in the new era is a systematic project in which the Party’s political construction is the overarching guide and all aspects of Party building work together and exert force comprehensively; he proposed using a sound system for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party as an effective path to continuously push forward the great new project of Party building in the new era. In the new era, there is more emphasis on using the concept of governance, a systematic perspective, and dialectical thinking to govern, manage, and build the Party, stressing the unity of ideological Party building and institutional Party governance, the unity of mission guidance and problem orientation, the unity of grasping the “key minority” and managing the “vast majority,” the unity of exercising power and assuming responsibility, the unity of strict management and caring trust, and the unity of intra-Party supervision and mass supervision, achieving full coverage in content, full coverage in objects, full chain of responsibility, and full linking of institutions in strict governance of the Party, initially constructing a system for comprehensively and strictly governing the Party.
Adhere to governing the Party by institutions and in accordance with regulations. The issue of institutions is fundamental, overall, stable, and long-term. Strict governance of the Party is highly political and principled, and urgently needs a set of scientific and complete institutions to regulate it. Our Party has always attached importance to formulating and perfecting the Party Constitution, promptly reflecting important achievements in the Party’s practical innovation, theoretical innovation, and institutional innovation in the Party Constitution, forming an institutional system with the Party Constitution as the foundation and democratic centralism as the core. At the same time, the Party emphasizes respecting the Party Constitution and governing the Party in accordance with regulations, running institutional construction through all constructions, firmly grasping the responsibility system for Party governance and management as the “bull’s nose,” putting power into the cage of institutions and continuously tightening that cage.
Adhere to true management and true strictness, and persevere unremittingly. Facing the long-standing “four tests” (四大考验) and “four dangers” (四种危险), over more than one hundred years, our Party has fought with tenacious perseverance against all factors that harm the Party’s advanced nature and purity. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly pointed out: “Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is always on the road.” In response to the stubbornness of the “four forms of decadence,” the Central Committee has been unwavering and persistent, insisting on true management and true strictness, daring to manage and dare to be strict, long-term management and long-term strictness, continuously releasing a strong signal that strictness will be applied to the end. In response to the serious harm of corruption, our Party, with the determination and tenacity of grasping iron leaving marks, stepping on stone leaving prints (zhuā tiě yǒu hén, tà shí yìn - “grasp iron leaving marks, step on stone leaving prints,” to work with determination and persistence), has fought the tough, protracted, and overall battle against corruption, successfully blazing a Chinese-style path of anti-corruption.
At present, China’s development has entered a critical period of basically realizing socialist modernization, consolidating the foundation, and fully exerting force. The heavy tasks of reform, development, and stability, and the multitude of contradictions, risks, and tests, place new and higher demands on the Party’s self-construction. This requires that on the new journey, we strengthen confidence, continue the struggle, comprehensively implement Xi Jinping’s thought on Party building, persistently advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, and provide a strong political guarantee for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization.
(The author is Director of the Fourth Research Department of the Central Institute of Party History and Literature (中央党史和文献研究院第四研究部).)
Return to TopBy: 张树华
Mega-city governance is an important chapter of Chinese-style modernization. The capital Beijing is the national political center, cultural center, international exchange center, and science and technology innovation center, and is a model and demonstration for the construction of a modern people’s city. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has inspected Beijing many times, issuing a series of important instructions on Beijing’s work, profoundly answering the major epochal question of “what kind of capital to build and how to build the capital,” and pointing the way for promoting the high-quality development of the capital. In February 2026, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during an inspection in Beijing: “Adhere to the people’s city concept, strive to improve the basic public service system, make good use of mechanisms such as ‘prompt handling of complaints’ (接诉即办), and solidly resolve the people’s urgent, difficult, anxious, and expectant problems.” The Beijing “prompt handling of complaints” reform takes the people’s voice and the people’s needs as its fundamental goals. By improving mega-city governance driven by citizens’ demands, it realizes a paradigm shift from passive response to proactive governance. It has already become an important institutional channel for the capital to connect with the masses, serve the masses, and unite the masses, providing a capital sample and experience for building a modern people’s city.
Adhere to the people’s city serving the people, and take the path of urban governance with Chinese characteristics. The city is the carrier for the people to live and work in peace and contentment; the value origin of urban governance always lies in benefiting and serving the people. Mega-cities bear multiple functions of resource agglomeration, public services, and social operation, and governance involves all aspects of people’s livelihood and well-being. As the capital, Beijing bears the mission of demonstration and leadership. By implementing the “prompt handling of complaints” reform, it practices the concept of the people’s city serving the people, not only responding to the masses’ aspirations for a better life, but also clarifying the fundamental question of “for whom” modern urban governance is conducted. This reform breaks through traditional management thinking, takes the masses’ voice as the first signal, makes the people’s livelihood needs the driving force of governance, and builds a solid value foundation for Chinese-style mega-city governance.
Focus on the people’s livelihood orientation and reshape the logic of governance operations. The reform breaks the traditional passive, hierarchical management model, removes barriers between department levels and problems of information transmission blockage, and relies on the 12345 citizen service hotline to build a full-coverage, efficient, and smooth direct channel for public opinion, comprehensively opening up institutionalized channels for the expression of masses’ demands, problem feedback, and difficulty-seeking. Since the implementation of the reform, the city has cumulatively accepted approximately 180 million demands, with a resolution rate of 97.3% and a satisfaction rate of 97.7%, solemnly fulfilling the promise of serving the people, efficiently handling various urgent, difficult, anxious, and expectant problems such as living environment, property services, transportation, and people’s livelihood guarantees, truly building a normalized governance pattern where the people have a call and I respond.
Improve the evaluation mechanism to promote service quality and efficiency. Based on the actual urban governance of the capital and the development needs of people’s livelihood, the reform builds a scientific and complete modern governance evaluation system. In accordance with the “seven haves” (七有) people’s livelihood goals and the “five natures” (五性) governance standards, it carries out normalized monitoring across the entire area, precisely identifying weaknesses and shortcomings in areas such as public service supply, refined urban management, and grassroots people’s livelihood guarantees. At the same time, it takes the masses’ real experience and direct evaluation as the core yardstick for government affairs assessment, promoting the entire process of government services to be open and transparent, subject to mass supervision, forcing each functional department to take the initiative to perform its duties, identify and fill gaps, improve quality and efficiency, and continuously promote the equalization and quality development of urban public services, comprehensively enhancing the level of refined mega-city governance.
Highlight the main role of the masses to realize the co-construction and shared governance results. The reform always adheres to the principal position of the people, breaks the traditional thinking of one-way government administration, takes mass satisfaction as the ultimate standard for judging governance effectiveness, and fully grants the masses the right to speak and supervise in urban governance. By continuously improving the full-chain response of public opinion collection, work order handling, result feedback, and optimization and improvement, it guides the masses to deeply participate in the entire process of urban governance, promotes the iterative upgrade of the traditional management model into a multi-governance model, ensuring that mega-city governance always aligns with the real needs of the masses and is filled with the warmth of people’s livelihood.
Adhere to the leadership of Party building to calibrate the direction of grassroots governance. The center of gravity of mega-city governance lies at the grassroots, and the difficulty also lies at the grassroots. Subdistrict, township, and community are on the front line of serving the masses, resolving contradictions, and ensuring operations. They must both undertake higher-level deployments and respond to mass demands. Facing realistic pressures such as intertwined powers and responsibilities, complex affairs, and limited resources, it is necessary to adhere to the leadership of Party building, keep the direction of grassroots governance accurate, calibrate the orientation of cadres’ performance with a correct view of political achievement, promote the tilt of governance resources toward the grassroots, the concentration of governance forces on the front line, and the judgment of governance results by the masses. Based on the capital’s governance positioning, Beijing takes the “prompt handling of complaints” reform as a starting point, runs Party leadership through the entire process of demand response, problem handling, review and rectification, and proactive governance. It not only promotes the continuous improvement of the grassroots governance system but also guides Party members and cadres to regard benefiting the people as the greatest political achievement, forming a grassroots governance pattern featuring Party building leadership, people’s livelihood orientation, clear powers and responsibilities, and coordinated efficiency.
First, sink governance resources to consolidate the foundation of grassroots governance. In response to problems such as redundant levels, unbalanced powers and responsibilities, and weak grassroots forces, Beijing optimizes the three-level linkage system of city, district, and subdistrict/township, promoting the sinking of personnel, funding, and approval authority to empower the grassroots. Improve the three-level closed-loop working mechanism, implement the work requirements of departments serving subdistricts/townships, subdistricts/townships serving communities, and cadres serving the masses, precisely allocate resources in line with the demands of residents and new employment groups, rely on demonstration sites to optimize convenience services and make up for grassroots shortcomings, so that the grassroots have the authority to handle affairs, the personnel to work, and the resources to solve problems, transforming the organizational advantages of Party building leadership into actual effectiveness in grassroots governance.
Second, coordinate multiple entities to improve the grassroots co-governance system. Beijing relies on regionalized Party building to lead governance across the entire area, integrating units stationed in the area, social organizations, volunteer teams, and community self-governance forces, breaking through administrative, industry, and regional governance barriers. Link the 12345 demand big data with grassroots grid governance to achieve data intercommunication, resource complementarity, and force linkage, building a grassroots collaborative governance system with clear powers and responsibilities, multi-party participation, and efficient operation. In this process, Party organizations play a role in overall coordination, organization and mobilization, and consensus building, twisting scattered governance forces into a single rope, incorporating “small problems” around the masses into the “big system” of grassroots governance, and promoting the concerted efforts of public services, community self-governance, and social coordination.
Third, govern for the people, focusing on people’s livelihood demands. Whether a view of political achievement is correct must ultimately be judged by whether it takes a firm stand for the people and whether it truly solves the masses’ urgent, difficult, anxious, and expectant problems. Relying on the “prompt handling of complaints” reform, Beijing breaks governance inertia, abandons the method of leaving traces and superficial work patterns, and promotes a shift in governance orientation from “being responsible to superiors” to “being responsible to the masses.” Guide cadres to go down to the front line, closely focus on real and difficult matters such as parking management, property services, environmental improvement, and people’s livelihood guarantees, do not judge achievements by the thickness of materials, do not look at effectiveness by the number of ledgers, but judge actual work performance by whether demands are truly resolved and whether the masses are truly satisfied, promoting the implementation of the correct view of political achievement into every specific matter of people’s livelihood and every detail of governance.
Fourth, strengthen source governance and temper a pragmatic work style. Beijing closely follows the masses’ urgent, difficult, anxious, and expectant problems, promotes cadres to work deeply in subdistricts, alleys, and buildings, regularly investigate neighborhood disputes, people’s livelihood risks, and governance loopholes, adhere to the principle of catching problems early and small and resolving them on the spot, eliminating risks and hazards at the grassroots level. Dig deep into the 12345 demand big data, sort out high-frequency, recurring, and common people’s livelihood difficulties, rely on mechanisms such as “one topic per month” (每月一题) to tackle stubborn governance problems, and promote the transformation of grassroots governance from passively handling individual cases to proactively discovering problems and systematically solving them. At the same time, rely on cross-departmental coordination mechanisms to clarify the boundaries of powers and responsibilities, solve problems of buck-passing and dereliction of duty, train grassroots cadres throughout the entire process of demand handling, collaborative disposal, review and rectification, cultivate a view of political achievement that seeks truth and pragmatism, takes responsibility and fulfills duties, and benefits the people, and continuously polish the distinctive background of the capital’s grassroots governance that is people-oriented, pragmatic, refined, and efficient.
Adhere to systematic policy implementation to promote the modernization of mega-city governance. Modern mega-cities have the characteristics of strong operational interaction and intertwined governance elements. Various governance tasks are interdependent; separating policies will inevitably cause governance internal friction. Making up for the shortcomings of fragmented governance and improving overall governance effectiveness is a mandatory question for the modernization of capital governance. Based on the overall governance situation, Beijing takes “prompt handling of complaints” as the reform entry point, coordinates and optimizes government operation, departmental coordination, and resource allocation, breaks down governance barriers of vertical and horizontal division and hierarchical separation, and empowers the upgrading and improvement of urban governance.
First, reshape the governance logic and strengthen coordinated linkage across the entire region. Transform the fragmented and piecemeal governance mindset, take the diversified demands of the masses as the guidance, coordinate the governance forces of departments at all levels and localities, integrate scattered governance resources, aggregate scattered demands to sort out systematic governance topics. Reverse the work mode of passive problem disposal, build a governance paradigm of forward prediction, multi-party linkage, and overall quality improvement, enhancing the integrity and synergy of urban governance.
Second, absorb mass supervision and precisely target governance shortcomings. Build a full-process mass supervision mechanism, incorporate mass satisfaction and demand feedback into government assessment, running through the entire chain of work order handling. Rely on the 12345 big data of public opinion to judge governance difficulties, rely on external mass supervision to drive departments to perform their duties, make up for weak links in public services and grassroots governance, and consolidate the foundation of refined governance.
Third, improve the institutional chain and empower digital and smart governance. Refine the work norms for prompt handling of complaints, open up the work link of handling complaints promptly, handling before complaints arise, and proactive governance, solidify long-term governance mechanisms. Deeply mine the value of hotline data, carry out dynamic analysis and judgment of urban governance, rely on digital and smart technologies to assist decision-making and disposal, enhance the foresight and precision of governance, and steadily advance the modernization of mega-city governance with systematic and digital governance effectiveness.
(The author is the President of the Chinese Political Science Association (中国政治学会) and Director of the Institute of Political Science at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中国社会科学院政治学研究所).)
Return to TopBy: 邓一
Tropical cyclones generated over the Northwest Pacific and the South China Sea, with maximum wind force near the center reaching Grade 8 or above, can be defined as typhoons. "Inland typhoons" generally refer to typhoons that, after landfall, penetrate deep into the land while still maintaining tropical cyclone intensity or still having residual vortices after weakening. China is one of the countries most severely affected by typhoon disasters in the world. In the past, typhoon disasters were mostly concentrated in coastal areas. In recent years, the frequency of typhoons making landfall in China and penetrating deep inland has increased significantly. For example, Typhoon Bavi, the 9th typhoon of 2026, after landfall, penetrated deep into multiple provinces in East China and North China, maintaining a strong circulation over land for a long time. Typhoon Maysak of 2026, after landfall, lingered over the interior of Guangxi for a long time without dissipating. Both are typical cases of inland typhoon impacts. Such sustained extreme rainstorms, mountain torrents, geological disasters, urban waterlogging, and other secondary disasters triggered by inland typhoons have frequently overlapped and become prominent meteorological disaster risks threatening the safety and stability of inland provinces and cities and restricting regional development.
After a typhoon makes landfall on the coast, it leaves the warm and humid energy source of the ocean and should rapidly weaken and dissipate. However, under specific conditions, its circulation can not only penetrate deep inland but may even "decline without collapsing." Its formation and maintenance are the result of multiple factors working together. First, sufficient water vapor supply is the foundation for the survival of an inland typhoon. When a typhoon forms at sea, it accumulates a vast amount of warm and humid water vapor, forming a huge circulation. After landfall, it will not dissipate immediately. If the southwest monsoon and southeast airflow continue to transport water vapor, it can continuously replenish energy and offset the friction loss over land, allowing the typhoon circulation to penetrate deep into inland areas. Second, a stable atmospheric circulation is a key inducement. When the subtropical high is stable in position and strong in force, it will form a stable airflow channel, guiding the landfalling typhoon to move steadily westward and northward into the interior. At the same time, the high-pressure system will block the typhoon from quickly moving eastward out to sea, and also inhibit the rapid dissipation of the typhoon circulation, forcing the typhoon to move slowly over land and linger for a long time, ultimately forming typhoon weather affecting the interior. Third, complex inland terrain plays a boosting role. China's interior has many mountains and hills with large undulating terrain. On the one hand, this increases surface friction, slowing the typhoon's movement speed and prolonging the impact time; on the other hand, through topographic lifting, it forces warm and humid airflow to rise, promoting water vapor condensation, allowing the typhoon circulation to be maintained and developed continuously inland.
Compared with when a typhoon is on the coast, when it penetrates deep inland, its meteorological characteristics and disaster patterns undergo fundamental changes, and the focus of disasters is significantly different. The main features are as follows. First, wind speeds drop rapidly, while extreme precipitation occurs frequently. After a typhoon makes landfall, due to friction and obstruction by land terrain and buildings, the central wind speed decreases rapidly; however, the vast amount of water vapor carried by the typhoon continues to linger inland under airflow transport, easily forming persistent, regional heavy precipitation. Local extreme rainfall intensity may even exceed that of the coastal landfall stage, making it highly hazardous. Second, movement speed is variable, and the cumulative effect of precipitation is prominent. Affected by terrain, steering currents, and other factors, an inland typhoon may hover in place or even stall. Combined with the topographic lifting effect, precipitation cloud systems can cover the same area for a long time, leading to continuous accumulation of rainfall, which easily triggers mountain torrents, river rises, urban waterlogging, and other disasters. Third, there is a risk of extratropical transition and enhancement, with sudden and frequent severe convective weather. When a typhoon moving northward deep inland encounters cold air intrusion, it can change from a warm-core cyclone to a cold-core cyclone. The intense intersection of cold and warm air can easily trigger severe convective weather such as thunderstorm gales and tornadoes, significantly increasing the risk of sudden disasters. Fourth, the impact range is broader, and the superposition of secondary disasters becomes prominent. The circulation of an inland typhoon has strong diffusion capacity, and water vapor can be transported over long distances; heavy precipitation can occur in inland areas hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away. Sustained heavy precipitation easily induces geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides, and the residual circulation of a typhoon can persist for several days, resulting in a clear superposition effect of disasters.
For a long time, China's typhoon disaster prevention and mitigation work resources and focus have mostly been deployed in coastal areas, and there are certain objective constraints on typhoon defense in inland areas. Disaster prevention resources have long been focused on coastal deployment, and the construction of supporting systems for typhoon defense in inland areas is relatively lagging. Inland typhoons mainly cause a series of secondary disasters dominated by persistent heavy rain, which does not match well with the existing conventional disaster prevention and response system. Complex terrain and local airflow in the region increase the difficulty of meteorological forecasting, bringing greater pressure to all aspects of early warning, evacuation, and emergency rescue. Multiple factors intertwine, making the governance of typhoon disaster prevention and mitigation in inland cities face the following practical challenges. First, the special contingency plan system is not yet complete. Common severe weather contingency plans in inland areas mainly focus on extreme rainstorms, blizzards, etc., and lack specialized, targeted typhoon defense plans. This leads to vague grassroots response standards, unclear disposal procedures, and poor inter-departmental coordination, making it difficult to carry out graded and precise prevention and control. Second, the capacity for precise early warning and risk avoidance is insufficient. Due to complex terrain and local airflow, the track and speed of inland typhoons are variable, precipitation points are scattered, and sudden heavy rainfall is frequent, making precise forecasting difficult. The pressure on grassroots units to precisely identify risk areas and organize the evacuation of the masses is relatively high. Third, the risk of overlapping secondary disasters is prominent. Sustained heavy rainfall from inland typhoons easily induces multiple disasters such as mountain torrents, landslides, mudslides, urban waterlogging, and dangerous situations in water conservancy projects. Combined with tree falls and facility damage caused by strong winds, this can easily lead to interruptions in transportation, electricity, and communications, with disasters cascading and amplifying, dramatically increasing the difficulty of defense. Fourth, emergency support capacity is weak. Inland areas focus their disaster prevention efforts on conventional flood control and drought relief, lacking specialized typhoon rescue materials, professional teams, and handling experience. The capacity for material reserves, rescue operations, and post-disaster support is difficult to match the needs of extreme disaster response. Fifth, the public lacks awareness of typhoon defense. Inland areas are rarely affected by typhoons, so the general public has widespread cognitive misunderstandings, lacks common knowledge of disaster prevention and risk avoidance, has insufficient self-rescue ability, and has a prominent mentality of relying on luck. This greatly increases the difficulty of grassroots mobilization, evacuation, and disaster prevention work. Sixth, infrastructure carrying capacity is insufficient. Urban and rural flood control, drainage, transportation, and power infrastructure are all built to conventional rainfall standards and are unable to withstand extreme sustained precipitation from typhoons, easily leading to facility paralysis, functional failure, and other problems, further exacerbating disaster losses.
To prevent and mitigate the risks of inland typhoons, we must firmly establish the concept of "putting people first and life first," base ourselves on the special disaster patterns of inland typhoons, adhere to problem orientation, move the threshold forward, and implement systematic governance, to build a comprehensive inland typhoon disaster prevention and mitigation governance system and comprehensively enhance grassroots governance capacity. First, improve the special contingency plan system. Based on local terrain, climate, and risk characteristics, formulate special contingency plans for inland typhoons in a targeted manner, refine the entire process norms for monitoring and early warning, graded response, inter-departmental coordination, hazard rectification, personnel evacuation, and post-disaster recovery, and consolidate prevention and control responsibilities at all levels. Regularly carry out practical drills and typical case reviews, continuously optimize the plans, and promote the institutionalization and standardization of typhoon defense work. Second, optimize the precise monitoring and early warning mechanism. Integrate monitoring data from meteorology, water resources, natural resources, etc., strengthen multi-department joint analysis, and rely on big data and grid-based platforms to improve the accuracy of precipitation and track forecasting for inland typhoons. Build a graded targeted early warning system, push early warning information through multiple channels such as official early warning platforms, new media, SMS, radio, and grid-based household notifications, ensuring that early warnings reach high-risk areas directly and are implemented down to each household and individual. Third, deepen hazard investigation and rectification. Focus on key points such as geological hazard sites, reservoir embankments, river channels and pipe networks, old residential areas, and construction sites under construction; establish hazard ledger accounts and implement cancellation management; complete dredging, reinforcement, hazard rectification, and relocation of high-risk personnel in advance. Improve the multi-hazard joint prevention and control mechanism, closely monitor chain disasters such as floods, landslides, and waterlogging induced by typhoon rainfall, assign dedicated personnel for duty and dynamic patrols, and reduce disaster risks at the source. Fourth, consolidate the foundation of grassroots prevention and control. Optimize the allocation of emergency resources in inland areas, fill the gaps in specialized typhoon defense materials, establish professional grassroots emergency teams, and regularly conduct specialized training on typhoon defense rescue, emergency response, and post-disaster handling. Widely carry out public typhoon defense publicity and risk avoidance drills to enhance the public's ability to prevent disasters and rescue themselves. Upgrade urban and rural flood control, drainage, transportation, and power infrastructure to comprehensively enhance the disaster resilience of cities.
(The author is a Senior Engineer at the China Meteorological Administration Meteorological Cadre Training Institute (中国气象局气象干部培训学院))
By: 郭静
Adolescent mental health is an important component of the construction of a Healthy China and a strong education country; it concerns the growth and development of young people and the well-being of millions of households, and is moreover an indispensable foundational support for advancing the construction of a Healthy China and a strong education country. The "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline clearly requires "strengthening the construction and standardized management of the mental health service system." The Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan further emphasizes "strengthening mental health and mental hygiene services." Strengthening the continuity of the adolescent psychological crisis intervention system is a key measure to prevent and defuse adolescent psychological risks, implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing talent, and consolidate the foundation of Healthy China construction; it is of great significance.
In recent years, with the iteration of social structure, changes in the family nurturing environment, and the deep penetration of online media, adolescent psychological crises have mainly exhibited the following characteristics. First, crisis triggers are multiple and superimposed, and psychological risks are cumulative. Social transformation has brought profound changes to the growth environment of adolescents. Under the influence of multiple factors such as changes in family structure, the immersion of the online environment, and intensified social competition, student groups generally face a relatively high psychological load. The interaction of the above factors easily amplifies individuals' emotions such as anxiety, depression, and insomnia; if not intervened in a timely manner, this can develop into severe psychological disorders or even self-harm. Second, the age of onset continues to decrease, and psychological crises show a trend of younger age. According to the analysis of the "2024 Survey Report on Pain Points in Depression Treatment and Recovery for Children and Adolescents," among adolescents currently with emotional and psychological disorders, the age at which they first develop related symptoms and receive a professional diagnosis is generally younger. Depression is one of the key triggers for extreme risk among adolescents; adolescent extreme psychological risks overall exhibit characteristics of periodic fluctuation. Third, symptom manifestations are hidden and complex, and crisis signals have strong concealment. Compared with typical symptoms in adults, adolescent psychological crisis manifestations are more concealed. Adolescents rarely actively confide in family and friends; their psychological distress often transforms into atypical behaviors such as mood swings, rebelliousness, solitude, and self-isolation. These behaviors are often simply attributed by parents to normal adolescent phenomena and ignored. In addition, with the popularization of the internet, some adolescents come into contact with and imitate dangerous behaviors such as self-harm and glorifying eating disorders through online communities, forming exclusive subcultural circles. This increases the difficulty for parents and teachers in early identification and easily leads to missing the optimal intervention window.
From the perspective of practice, the current adolescent psychological crisis intervention work faces the following prominent challenges. First, risk identification lacks a sustained and stable relationship, and longitudinal tracking is prone to interruption. Relationship continuity focuses on whether a sustained, stable trust relationship can be established between service providers and service recipients so that risk identification and service delivery can be carried out in an orderly manner within a long-term relationship. The Ministry of Education has promoted the establishment of an integrated national student mental health monitoring and early warning system, and the national compulsory education quality monitoring also includes student mental health as part of its monitoring content. However, at the current stage, assessment tools, testing cycles, and the application of results are not yet unified, making it difficult to form continuous tracking and longitudinal comparisons; mental health data and crisis intervention information between different school stages and different schools cannot be effectively linked. The detection of adolescent psychological crises still largely relies on class teachers' daily observations or students' active help-seeking. Once the class teacher changes or the student transfers classes, information interruption easily occurs. The linkage mechanism between school and family still needs improvement; some parents have insufficient ability to identify concealed crisis signals and easily misinterpret them as normal fluctuations in the growth stage, thereby weakening the timeliness of school-family collaborative response. Second, the full-cycle care process is not standardized, and the linkage of segmented services is not smooth enough. Service continuity focuses on whether, around the individual life cycle and problem development stage of the service recipient, seamless support spanning different periods and different scenarios can be provided. The construction of school psychological counseling rooms, hotline services, medical-school collaboration, and crisis referral mechanisms in various places continue to improve; the rapid response capability for psychological crises has been significantly improved, and the efficiency of emergency response to sudden psychological crisis incidents has been markedly enhanced. However, communication and linkage among schools, families, and medical institutions during the period of school suspension still need to be strengthened; after leaving school, students often find themselves in a service vacuum. Professional assessment and adaptive transition arrangements before returning to school are not yet standardized enough, and continuous follow-up support after returning to school also needs improvement. The support linkage for students across different stages and different scenarios is not smooth enough, easily affecting long-term recovery and school adaptation outcomes. Third, the cross-departmental coordination mechanism is not sound, and multi-party management linkage is still inadequate. Management continuity focuses on whether a collaboration model with clear responsibilities and smooth linkage can be formed among different departments and different entities. Education departments and mental health institutions have actively explored medical-education collaboration, and some regions have formed normalized collaboration mechanisms. Currently, institutionalized arrangements for cross-departmental coordination are not yet sound; there is a lack of a fixed cooperation framework, the referral process is not standardized, and service recipients are easily overlooked in the referral link. After school psychological teachers identify high-risk students, there is a lack of authoritative risk-level assessment standards; it is unclear which situations should be intervened within the school and which must be referred, restricting the overall effectiveness of crisis intervention.
Faced with the above challenges, cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, by opening 24-hour psychological assistance hotlines, establishing normalized liaison channels between designated hospitals and schools, and issuing detailed rules for graded handling of campus psychological crises, have accumulated certain practical experience in rapid response to psychological crises and emergency handling of sudden individual cases. However, the current intervention work still emphasizes emergency response and downplays long-term care, a structural feature that remains prominent; there is an urgent need to strengthen the continuity of the adolescent psychological crisis intervention system.
Strengthen the risk identification mechanism based on sustained relationships, promoting a shift from passive detection to active monitoring. Build a normalized screening system that covers all personnel and is stratified and categorized, unify screening tools and operational norms, achieve full-course recording and dynamic updates from enrollment to graduation, and ensure the continuity of risk identification. Relying on the education big data platform, integrate multi-dimensional behavioral data such as student attendance, academic performance, and interpersonal interaction, establish a risk early warning model, trigger manual review and graded response for sustained abnormal signals, and improve the accuracy of detection. Strictly limit the boundaries of data collection and use, prevent simply labeling psychological risks; all early warning results should be reviewed by professionals before handling. On the family side, integrate mental health literacy into compulsory content of parent education, popularize early identification tools based on behavioral observation, improve parents' sensitivity to changes in their children's psychological state, and form a school-family collaborative support network.
Build a continuous care system covering the full cycle, promoting a shift from acute handling to full-cycle management. Establish a system of continuous follow-up without disconnection during school suspension, set up continuous care positions, have responsible persons maintain regular information exchange with the medical team during the treatment period, and ensure that the rehabilitation process is trackable and uninterrupted. In the transition back to school, design tiered return-to-school plans based on functional assessment results, allow students to gradually transition from half-day attendance and reduced academic load to a normal learning pace, and provide supplementary academic tutoring and psychological adaptation guidance. Establish flexible attendance and academic assessment systems for students returning to school, set up regular follow-up visits and structured re-assessment mechanisms at key nodes such as 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, with collaborative follow-up by psychological teachers and class teachers, timely identify relapse risks and adaptation difficulties, dynamically adjust support strategies, and form a full-chain continuous support system covering the treatment period, return-to-school period, and stabilization period.
Improve the institutionalized linkage mechanism for cross-departmental coordination, promoting a shift from independent action to systemic integration. Education departments should join with health departments, take the county as the unit to clarify designated hospitals for adolescent psychological crisis referral, sign bilateral cooperation agreements, and establish green channels for appointment registration, rapid assessment, and emergency admission. Develop work guidelines for graded handling of campus psychological crises, based on quantitative risk-level assessment standards, clarify the boundary between internal school intervention and external referral, so that school psychological teachers, class teachers, and management personnel all have a basis to follow and perform their respective duties. Addressing the problem of weak professional forces in rural areas, rely on high-quality urban mental health institutions to establish remote assessment and guidance centers, bridge the regional resource gap through online consultations, remote training, and other means. Explore establishing a limited information sharing mechanism among departments; under the premise of safeguarding personal privacy and data security, provide a complete information foundation for risk assessment and handling decisions, and ensure that every adolescent facing a psychological crisis can receive continuous, stable, and effective support.
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