Summary: The article, written by Peking University's Party Secretary, argues that Xi Jinping's thought on Party building provides the fundamental guidance for strengthening Party organizations in universities, which bear the mission of educating talent for the Party and the country. It outlines how universities must adhere to correct political direction, implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, and deepen the integration of Party building with institutional development. Drawing on Peking University's revolutionary history and its role in spreading Marxism, the piece emphasizes the importance of theoretical study, grassroots Party organization, and self-reform. The article concludes by detailing PKU's plans to build a research hub for Xi's Party building thought and to advance the construction of a world-class university with Chinese characteristics. The article contains no mention of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article, authored by the head of the Chinese Academy of Personnel Science, analyzes the structural mismatch between China's talent cultivation system and its economic development needs. It identifies key causes including homogenized educational supply, rigid academic discipline adjustment mechanisms, weak demand-forecasting feedback loops, insufficient industry-academia collaboration incentives, and persistent social bias against vocational skills. The author proposes systemic reforms such as data-driven demand prediction, employment-based education evaluation, dynamic discipline establishment and exit mechanisms, and deeper industry-school cooperation. Long-term solutions include building a national qualifications framework, establishing cost-sharing mechanisms for industry participation, promoting skill-based wage premiums, and fostering a societal culture that values technical talent. The piece frames these reforms as essential for supporting China's high-quality development and Chinese-style modernization.
Summary: The article discusses Xi Jinping's remarks that party discipline should be "tightened" for officials, arguing that stricter rules, though uncomfortable for cadres, enhance public satisfaction and trust. It emphasizes that power must serve the people, not private interests, and that officials should view constraints as safeguards rather than burdens. The piece calls for strengthening ideological education and institutional oversight, especially ahead of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, to prevent corruption and ensure rule-based governance. It cites model officials like Jiao Yulu and Yang Shanzhou as examples of serving the people effectively. No direct mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article argues for redefining civilization standards from a Chinese philosophical perspective, moving beyond Western-centric criteria like cities, writing, and bronze, which it categorizes as cultural rather than civilizational achievements. It emphasizes that civilization's essence lies in moral cultivation, harmony, and benevolence, rooted in Chinese concepts such as "hehe" philosophy, ethical governance, and ritual propriety. The piece critiques Western civilization standards for enabling cultural hegemony, colonialism, and technological alienation, contrasting them with China's tradition of "self-cultivation, family harmony, national order, and world peace." It cites Xi Jinping's warning against applying Western frameworks universally, and advocates for a pluralistic, inclusive model of civilizational exchange that respects diversity while pursuing common human progress.
Summary: The article argues that integrating new popular arts—such as web literature, short videos, micro-dramas, and livestreaming—with the dissemination of the Party's innovative theories is essential for making theory accessible to the masses. It proposes strategies including mobilizing grassroots creators, adopting light-touch narrative forms, upholding a "civilian aesthetics" orientation, and balancing creative freedom with value guidance. The author, a researcher at the Henan Academy of Social Sciences, emphasizes that this fusion can enhance theory communication's reach and resonance. The piece does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: President Xi Jinping urged Party members and officials to fortify their ideological defenses and practice self-discipline, drawing on the Confucian concept of “vigilance in solitude” to guide their conduct. The article elaborates on four principles—being cautious when alone, in small matters, at the start, and to the end—as essential for maintaining Party integrity and preventing corruption. It warns that lapses in these areas often begin with minor indiscretions, such as accepting a meal or a gift, which can escalate into serious violations. The piece emphasizes the need for unwavering ideals, strict adherence to discipline, and a lifelong commitment to self-cultivation. No reference is made to the United States or bilateral relations.
Summary: Luo Zenan (1808–1856), a Hunan Neo-Confucian scholar best known as a Xiang Army commander, authored *Xiaoxue Yunyu* (Rhymed Verses for Elementary Learning) in 1848 while teaching in Xiangxiang, adapting Zhu Xi's *Xiaoxue* into a 2,900-character four-character rhyming primer for children. The text embeds Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucian doctrines—such as the goodness of human nature, the unity of mind and nature, and the cultivation of "reverence" (jing)—into daily rituals and moral instruction, emphasizing filial piety and a strict ethical order across human relationships. The work also reflects Luo's polemical defense of orthodox Cheng-Zhu learning against Wang Yangming's school and Buddhism, while incorporating a pragmatic, statecraft-oriented dimension rooted in the Huxiang tradition. The article highlights how the primer, later widely reprinted, shaped the moral character of Luo and his disciples, who went on to influence late Qing military and political affairs, and concludes that it exemplifies how Neo-Confucian values permeated grassroots society through education.
Summary: The article describes the Calgary Central Library, a landmark in western Canada known for its unique bridge-like design that accommodates a light rail line passing beneath it, and its role as a model for integrating public libraries with urban transit. The library features geometric hexagonal motifs, an eye-shaped skylight, a black bull sculpture made of letter tiles, and a cloud-shaped entrance, alongside services ranging from children's areas to digital innovation spaces. It is presented as an example of how libraries can serve as community hubs, with design ideas echoed in Chinese libraries such as the National Library in Beijing and Shanghai Library. The building received a 2020 Honor Award from the American Institute of Architects (AIA), which praised its thoughtful integration of design, users, community, and sustainability. No officials or U.S.-China political matters are mentioned in the article.
Summary: President Xi Jinping emphasized that talent cultivation must align with economic and social development needs. The article, authored by the head of the Chinese Academy of Personnel Science, analyzes structural mismatches between talent supply and market demand, including homogeneous educational output, rigid disciplinary adjustment mechanisms, and weak industry-academia collaboration. It proposes reforms such as data-driven demand forecasting, employment-oriented evaluation systems, dynamic disciplinary entry-exit mechanisms, and deeper enterprise participation in education. The piece also calls for a national qualifications framework, cost-sharing incentives for industry partnerships, and cultural shifts to elevate the status of skilled workers. These measures aim to create a self-reinforcing cycle where talent development and economic transformation mutually support high-quality growth.
Summary: In a Q&A format, Wu Bo, vice president of Shanghai Third Intermediate People's Court, asks how to understand the requirement that political construction leads all other party building efforts, with Dai Yanjun, a professor at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, providing the expert response. Dai explains that political construction is fundamental because it determines the party's direction and effectiveness, and it is essential for maintaining correct political stances and ensuring party unity and centralized leadership. He emphasizes that political construction must guide ideological, organizational, and disciplinary building, as well as the fight against corruption, to preserve the party's advanced nature and purity. The article does not discuss the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article, authored by the Party Secretary of Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, outlines strategies for advancing rural vitalization through the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism, as guided by Xi Jinping's directives and the 2026 Central Document No. 1. It emphasizes strengthening grassroots Party organizational leadership to coordinate cross-sector development, while respecting farmers' initiative and ensuring their central role as both participants and beneficiaries. The piece advocates for professionalized operational models to convert idle rural resources into marketable tourism products and services. It also calls for improved benefit-sharing mechanisms, such as land transfers, shareholding, and employment, to guarantee sustained income growth for farmers. No references are made to the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article, authored by the Party Secretary of Peking University, outlines how Xi Jinping's thought on Party building guides university governance, emphasizing the need for universities to uphold Party leadership, implement moral education, and integrate Party building with institutional development. It highlights Peking University's historical role in spreading Marxism and its commitment to using its revolutionary heritage to strengthen ideological education. The piece details plans to deepen theoretical research on Xi's Party-building thought, strengthen grassroots Party organizations, and advance strict Party governance in all aspects of university operations. The goal is to establish Peking University as a world-class institution with Chinese characteristics by embedding Party building into talent cultivation, research, and institutional reform.
Summary: At the 2025 Central Economic Work Conference, Xi Jinping emphasized strengthening regional coordinated development and cross-regional industrial collaboration. He specifically called for enhancing coordination among key city clusters, improving mechanisms for planning integration, industrial cooperation, and benefit sharing, and implementing a national industrial transfer and upgrading project. The article reports that the *Study Times* think tank edition is conducting in-depth discussions on promoting these cross-regional collaborations and optimizing industrial layouts.
Summary: The article, authored by the Dean of the Peking University Capital Development Research Institute, discusses the "15th Five-Year Plan" outline's mandate to optimize regional economic layouts, advocating for a pattern of "horizontal differentiated development and vertical division of labor." The author argues this approach is crucial for enhancing industrial chain resilience against global supply chain restructuring and the dual pressures of "high-end回流" from developed countries and "mid-to-low-end分流" from developing nations. To overcome structural contradictions like homogeneous competition and local protectionism, the article proposes measures including strengthening cross-regional planning coordination, establishing tax and GDP revenue-sharing mechanisms, perfecting a unified national market, advancing infrastructure connectivity, and building multi-tiered collaborative governance platforms. The piece focuses entirely on domestic regional policy and does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article, authored by the Dean of the School of Government at Central University of Finance and Economics, argues that industrial collaboration is crucial for optimizing productivity layouts and building a modern industrial system. It highlights progress in regional clusters like Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Delta, citing 2025 GDP of 140.19 trillion yuan and 80 national-level advanced manufacturing clusters. However, it identifies challenges such as homogeneous industrial layouts, bottlenecks in cross-regional commercialization of innovation, and high coordination costs related to taxation, land, and carbon emission targets. The piece advocates for balancing comparative-advantage-based division of labor with institutional arrangements for benefit-sharing, including tax revenue and GDP sharing mechanisms. It concludes that shifting collaboration from project-based transfers to mechanism-level synergy is essential for strengthening the domestic economic cycle.
Summary: The article discusses China's "15th Five-Year Plan" emphasis on deepening cross-regional industrial collaboration and optimizing industrial layout as essential for achieving systemic competitiveness upgrades. Key challenges identified include insufficient supply chain coordination depth, underutilized digital technology potential, incomplete benefit-sharing mechanisms between transferring and receiving regions, and obstacles in R&D commercialization across regions. The author proposes strengthening inter-regional industrial chains, establishing transparent interest distribution systems, and enhancing supply chain resilience against external uncertainties—including those stemming from global supply chain restructuring. The piece specifically notes that over-concentration of key industrial links increases vulnerability to external shocks amid global geopolitical changes. Written by the director of the Regional and Urban Economics Institute at Renmin University, the article advocates for a nationwide "one chessboard" approach to achieve deeper industrial collaboration.
Summary: The article presents a strategic analysis of the fusion of aerospace and artificial intelligence technologies in military affairs, arguing that this integration is reshaping modern warfare and strategic competition. It emphasizes that aerospace superiority combined with "intelligent dominance" (制智权) is now essential for comprehensive operational control, as the domain provides the foundational support for intelligence, communications, and navigation in joint operations. The piece identifies three core elements for effective integration: a unified deployment of aerospace platforms across space, air, and ground domains; a deeply coupled cluster of key technologies including autonomous kill chains and distributed decision-making; and the efficient leveraging of battlefield data. It projects a future trajectory toward fully autonomous, cross-domain operations with aerospace architectures becoming integrated and intelligent collaborative combat becoming mainstream. The article positions this fusion as a critical path for countries seeking asymmetric strategic leverage and a "corner overtaking" opportunity in great-power competition.
Summary: The article outlines the evolution and technical features of underwater firearms, specialized weapons for combat divers, including their unique supercavitating ammunition, waterproofing, and dual-medium gas systems. It traces three development stages: early water-only guns, transitional amphibious models requiring different magazines, and current integrated designs using universal ammunition. The text highlights operational advantages such as underwater range and corrosion resistance, citing examples like the Soviet APS rifle and German P11 pistol. Future trends include standardized supercavitating rounds, lightweight materials, unmanned underwater vehicle integration, modular configurations, and reduced acoustic/bubble signatures for stealth.
Summary: The article profiles a ZB26 "Czech" light machine gun displayed at the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution, framing it as a symbol of Chinese resistance during the War of Resistance Against Japan. It highlights the gun's widespread use across both frontline and guerrilla forces, with over 30,000 units imported or domestically copied before the war. The piece emphasizes how Communist base areas behind enemy lines, cut off by Japanese blockades, sustained their machine guns through improvised repair workshops, hand-made spare parts, and cartridge recycling rather than full-scale production. It also details tactical local adaptations, such as shortened barrels for ambush warfare and modified sights for close-quarters combat, which maximized the weapon's effectiveness despite industrial limitations. Ultimately, the article presents the gun's battle-worn condition as enduring testimony to the self-reliance and ingenuity of Communist military industry and guerrilla forces under siege.
Summary: Lishui, a historic city in Zhejiang Province, is highlighted as a birthplace of Chinese landscape poetry due to its mountainous terrain, rivers, and rich cultural heritage. The article credits Xie Lingyun, the founder of the landscape poetry school, for drawing inspiration from the region during his tenure as a local official. It also traces a millennium-long poetic tradition, citing works by Li Bai, Lu You, and others who celebrated Lishui's scenery. The piece emphasizes how the area's natural beauty and cultural landmarks, such as Mount Xiandu and Nanming Mountain, fostered poetic creation. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article details how Changle County in Weifang, Shandong Province is transforming grassroots cultural services by building a network of 20 distinctive "academies" (书院), alongside 28 study rooms and 310 rural book houses. To address issues of monotonous spaces and mismatched supply-demand, the county employs differentiated "one site, one policy" planning and operations, integrating local heritage and digital platforms to create multifunctional cultural landmarks. It establishes a tripartite supply system involving government coordination, market empowerment, and social participation, supported by a four-tier talent team and a five-module curriculum covering health, youth, children, and local studies. A closed-loop mechanism—including quarterly demand surveys, a "three-list" precise delivery system (demand, resources, service), and semi-annual performance evaluations—ensures services are tailored and continuously improved. No mention is made of the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article reports on the Anhui Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau's efforts to cultivate young cadres, with a focus on the Bozhou Municipal Bureau's systematic approach. It details the implementation of a comprehensive "selection, education, management, and use" mechanism designed to build a high-quality, professional young cadre team. Key measures include reinforcing political education and loyalty, providing practical training in grassroots and challenging posts, and combining strict oversight with care and support. The Bozhou bureau has also established a performance-oriented evaluation system and a fault-tolerance mechanism to encourage innovation and responsibility. The overall goal is to forge capable young talent to drive high-quality development within the industry.
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By: 何光彩
Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, as the Party-building chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, has opened a new realm in the Sinicization and modernization of Marxist Party-building theory and serves as the fundamental guide for strengthening Party building in the new era. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly elucidated the directional and fundamental issues in strengthening Party building in universities, providing the fundamental guide for advancing Party building in universities. As the main front for fostering virtue through education, the high ground of ideological theory, and the forward position of ideology, universities bear the major mission of educating people for the Party and cultivating talent for the country. They must take the lead, set examples, and establish benchmarks in studying, publicizing, and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, firmly grasp the political attribute, people's attribute, and strategic attribute of education, and answer the era-defining question of "in building a strong country, what role do universities play."
Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building is the scientific guide for strengthening Party building in universities
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to Party building in universities. General Secretary Xi Jinping has successively made a series of important expositions, which constitute the concrete unfolding and practical extension of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building in the field of higher education, elevating our Party's understanding of the laws governing Party building in universities to a new height, and providing the fundamental guide for advancing Party building in universities in the new era and running socialist universities with Chinese characteristics under the Party's leadership.
It profoundly elucidates the correct direction in running schools that universities must adhere to. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that to run China's higher education well, we must uphold the Party's leadership, firmly grasp the Party's leadership over university work, and make universities a strong bastion for upholding the Party's leadership. University Party committees bear the primary responsibility for governing the Party and running the school, must strengthen the Party's overall leadership over the university, and fulfill the duties of setting the direction, managing the overall situation, making decisions, leading the leadership team, building the cadre force, and ensuring implementation, effectively transforming the Party's political advantages, organizational advantages, and institutional advantages into the governance effectiveness of modern universities, ensuring that all undertakings advance along the socialist direction of running schools.
It profoundly elucidates the fundamental task of running schools that universities must implement. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during his inspection at Peking University that the effectiveness of fostering virtue through education should be taken as the fundamental standard for testing all work of the school. What universities cultivate are future academic leaders, industry pacesetters, and backbone forces of society. It is necessary to carry Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building through the entire process of fostering virtue through education, run ideological and political education through the discipline system, teaching system, textbook system, and management system, and promote the integration of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era into textbooks, into classrooms, and into minds. We must adhere to the guidance of Marxism, accelerate the construction of China's independent knowledge system, strictly implement the responsibility system for ideological work, firmly grasp the leadership, management, and discourse power over ideological work, answer well the fundamental question of education—"what kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom to cultivate them"—and attend to the great plan of ensuring successors for the cause.
It profoundly elucidates the fundamental guarantee for running schools that universities must consolidate. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Party's strength comes from its organization, and the Party's overall leadership and all its work must be realized through the Party's strong organizational system. University Party organizations bear the important responsibility of implementing the Party's line, principles, and policies in the field of higher education. It is necessary to adhere to grasping the grassroots and strengthening the foundation, reinforce the political and organizational functions of grassroots Party organizations, give full play to the important role of Party building in setting the right direction, integrating resources, and providing support and guarantees, effectively implement key tasks such as optimizing and adjusting discipline structures, independently cultivating top-tier innovative talents, strengthening basic research and tackling key core technologies, and flourishing philosophy and social sciences, promote the deep integration of Party building and professional work, and effectively serve national strategy.
It profoundly elucidates the people's standpoint that universities must uphold. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the education powerhouse we aim to build is ultimately education that satisfies the people. Universities must adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, adjust the scale of school operation in response to changes in the age structure of the school-age population, continuously improve the quality of education, enable high-quality educational resources to benefit all the people more fairly and extensively, and consolidate the foundation of people's livelihood for an education powerhouse. We must adhere to the Party's mass line in the new era, closely rely on and serve teachers and students, focus on their urgent concerns and difficulties, transmit the warmth of Party organizations to every teacher and student, smooth the channels for teachers and students to participate democratically in school governance, fully stimulate the vitality of school operation, and promote high-quality connotative development.
It profoundly elucidates the strategic resolve for self-reform that universities must maintain. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that daring to engage in self-reform is the most distinctive character of our Party and also its greatest strength. As the foundation of all the Party's work and combat effectiveness in universities, university Party organizations must always maintain the sobriety and resolve of "always being on the road," adhere to reforming the Party and governing the school with a reform spirit and strict standards. We must firmly press down and consolidate the primary responsibilities of Party organizations at both the university and college levels, the supervisory responsibility of discipline inspection commissions, the first-responsibility responsibility of secretaries, the "one post with dual responsibilities" of leadership team members, and the specific responsibilities of Party-member cadres, adhere to governing the Party through institutions and regulations, persistently rectify the "four forms of decadence" (shì fēng - formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance), lead the school spirit, academic atmosphere, and teacher ethics with a sound Party conduct, purify in an integrated manner the political ecology, academic ecology, and educational ecology of the campus, and build a solid barrier of conduct and discipline for building world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.
Drawing valuable experience of Party building leading development from Peking University's red history
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that Peking University was the center of the New Culture Movement and the birthplace of the May Fourth Movement, was the first place in China to disseminate Marxist thought, and is also the historical witness of our Party's early revolutionary activities in Beijing, holding an important position in the Party's founding process. In the long course of struggle, the red bloodline has been deeply integrated into Peking University's genes of running the school, and the lofty ideals and firm convictions of revolutionary predecessors are the most precious spiritual nourishment for Peking University people. Generations of Peking University people have listened to the Party, felt gratitude toward the Party, and followed the Party, bravely undertaking missions in the great practices of revolution, construction, reform, and the new era, exploring and accumulating historical experience in rallying strength through the great founding spirit of the Party and leading high-quality development through high-quality Party building.
Adhere to continuing the soul vein of Marxism. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it was precisely during their work or study at Peking University that the main founders of the Communist Party of China and some early famous activists began to read Marxist works, disseminate Marxism, and promoted the establishment of the Communist Party of China. This is Peking University's pride and also its glory. On the eve of the Party's founding, revolutionary pioneers such as Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, based at Peking University, relied on publications such as New Youth to translate and disseminate Marxism, opened theoretical study classrooms in the Peking University Red Building, and cultivated the first batch of young backbone forces in China who believed in Marxism. During the revolutionary era, Peking University Party organizations continuously organized teachers and students to study revolutionary theory and led the patriotic national salvation movement with advanced thought. After the founding of New China, Peking University took the lead in carrying out Marxist theory education and teaching. During the reform and opening-up period, it established the School of Marxism and continued to deepen research and interpretation of the Party's innovative theories. The practice of more than one hundred years of researching and disseminating Marxism profoundly shows that theoretical arming is the primary task of Party building in universities; only by steadfastly upholding the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics can we rally the ideological consensus of teachers and students to strive together and ensure that school governance does not deviate or go astray.
Adhere to devoting ourselves to the great cause of national rejuvenation under the guidance of the Party's banner. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that world-class universities all grow up in the course of serving their own country's development. For more than one hundred years, generations of Peking University people have always shared the same destiny with the motherland and the people, advanced together with the times and society, and made important contributions on all fronts. During the period of the new-democratic revolution, Peking University teachers and students held high the banner of "patriotism, progress, democracy, and science" and devoted themselves to the patriotic national salvation movement. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, Peking University resolutely responded to the call of the Party Central Committee, organized teachers and students to participate in the "two bombs, one satellite" national defense undertaking, tackle the synthesis of crystalline bovine insulin, independently develop million-level computers, and fully support the country's industrialization construction and scientific and technological development. Since the reform and opening up, Peking University teachers and students have stood at the forefront of the times and issued the era-defining call to "unite and revitalize China." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Peking University has fully implemented the Party's educational policy, rooted itself in Chinese soil to run the university, grasped the "three foundational tasks" proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping during his inspection at Peking University, forged ahead with reform and innovation, and opened up a new situation in Party building and "double first-class" construction. History fully shows that universities must adhere to running the Party's leadership through the entire process of discipline construction, talent cultivation, and scientific research, so as to better transform the effectiveness of Party building into practical results in serving national strategy.
Adhere to casting souls and educating people with the red bloodline. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the Party's history should be better integrated into textbooks, into classrooms, and into minds, giving full play to the important role of Party history in fostering virtue through education. Peking University fully leverages the function of Party history and school history in providing reference for governance and educating people, inspires young people to devote themselves to the great cause of rejuvenation with the deeds of revolutionary predecessors, relies on platforms such as the Peking University Red Building to build regular on-site teaching bases, offers red study tour courses, and organizes youth theoretical propaganda teams, continuously transforming the Party's founding history and Peking University's red tradition into vivid teaching materials for ideal and conviction education. Party building work in universities should make good use of its own red resource endowments, promote the integration of Party history and school history learning into ideological and political education, guide young teachers and students to deeply understand from the course of more than one hundred years of struggle why the Communist Party of China can succeed, why Marxism works, and why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good, and consolidate the ideological foundation of listening to the Party, feeling gratitude toward the Party, and following the Party.
Adhere to relying on grassroots Party organizations to rally strength for progress. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the Party's foundation lies in the people, its bloodline lies in the people, and its strength lies in the people. Since its birth, the Peking University Party organization has been deeply rooted among teachers and students, always adhering to the fundamental position of relying on and serving teachers and students. In the early days of the Party's founding, the Beijing Communist Group took root among young teachers and students to carry out organizational mobilization and develop Party members among progressive youth. Over more than one hundred years, the university has actively innovated the coverage system of Party organizations and Party work in light of historical circumstances and the trends of the times, and solidly carried out political guidance and political absorption of high-level talents and young teachers and students. Since the new era, the university has continuously promoted the standardized and normalized construction of Party branches, and in the face of urgent concerns and difficulties of teachers and students, Party organizations at all levels have provided services at the front line and proactively solved problems, continuously building strong political cores and fighting fortresses that promote the development of the university's undertakings. Practice has fully proven that grassroots Party organizations in universities are the foundation of all the Party's work and combat effectiveness and the core link connecting teachers and students; only by continuously enhancing the political centripetal force and organizational cohesion of grassroots Party organizations can we closely unite the broad masses of teachers and students around the Party and rally the mighty force to promote the development of the university's undertakings.
Creating a new situation of high-quality Party building leading the construction of world-class universities
Strengthening the Party's leadership over universities and strengthening and improving Party building in universities are the fundamental guarantee for running socialist universities with Chinese characteristics. Standing on the new journey of Chinese-style modernization, Peking University will adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, uphold the Party's leadership, strengthen Party building, deeply advance full and rigorous Party self-governance, inherit the red gene, anchor the goal of being the first to enter the forefront of world-class universities, coordinate efforts in grasping theory, strengthening organization, strictly governing the Party, and promoting integration, and accelerate the path of building a new road for world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.
Consolidate the ideological foundation and grasp theoretical arming in a regular and long-term manner. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that to run our universities well, we must adhere to the guidance of Marxism and fully implement the Party's educational policy. In studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, the primary task is to strengthen theoretical arming and promote the Party's innovative theories to enter the mind and guide action. Strictly implement the "first agenda item" system, incorporate Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, the important speech of General Secretary Xi Jinping at the celebration of the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, and the spirit of the National Symposium on Party Building Work into the core content of Party committee theoretical study center group learning and required courses for cadre education and training, and strengthen the ideological and theoretical arming of leadership teams and cadre forces. Design learning carriers by category and level for faculty, students, and united front groups, covering pre-service training for new faculty, national conditions study programs for young teachers, first lessons of the semester, themed Party and League Day activities, and special study sessions for non-Party personnel, achieving full coverage of theoretical learning. Comprehensively integrate Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building into the core curriculum system of ideological and political courses, develop high-quality propaganda courses, rely on the unique red position of the Peking University Red Building to carry out regular on-site teaching and red study practice, and promote the Party's innovative theories into textbooks, into classrooms, and into minds.
Deepen theoretical interpretation and build a strong research high ground for Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project is the foundational and strategic project of the Party's ideological and theoretical construction. Adhere to taking the research of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building as the first priority in the construction of the first-level discipline of the history and theory of the Communist Party of China and Party building, carry out in-depth research on the iconic major concepts, original ideological viewpoints, and principled theoretical achievements of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, accelerate the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences, and contribute to enriching and developing the Sinicized and modernized Marxist theoretical system of Party building. Conduct in-depth research on the excellent characteristics of the Communist Party of China, systematically excavate and organize historical materials of Peking University's early research and dissemination of Marxism, sort out the development vein of the resonance between school history and Party building, and form research results with profound Peking University heritage and distinct Chinese characteristics. Improve the talent cultivation system for the discipline of Party history and Party building, strengthen the faculty team for Party history and Party building research, cultivate a number of steadfast young Marxist theory researchers and disseminators, and make high-level talent reserves for deepening the research and interpretation of the Party's innovative theories.
Build a strong organizational system and deeply advance full and rigorous Party self-governance. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that to realize the Party's mission and tasks on the new journey of the new era, Party building and organizational work must make new contributions and new achievements. Grassroots Party organizations are the foundation of all the Party's work and combat effectiveness in universities, and must implement the general requirements for Party building in the new era and build Party organizations at all levels to be stronger and more effective. Improve the three-level Party building responsibility list and work report, evaluation, and assessment mechanism of university–college–Party branch, continuously advance the cultivation and creation actions of Party building model colleges and model Party branches, and ensure the tangible and effective coverage of grassroots Party organizations. Adhere to the Party managing cadres, establish a clear orientation for selecting and employing personnel, carry out regular political training and professional capability training for cadres, and comprehensively enhance the professional level of the cadre force. Strictly implement the responsibility system for ideological work, strictly manage all types of propaganda and ideological positions, and firmly guard the frontline defense of ideological security in universities. Strive to build a university-wide supervision pattern, closely focus on key areas such as enrollment and admission, infrastructure projects, research funding management, and material procurement to carry out regular supervision, deepen the promotion of case-based reform and case-based governance, and promote the implementation of all requirements for full and rigorous Party self-governance.
Take root in Chinese soil and promote the deep integration of Party building and career development. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that we must unswervingly uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership over universities, continuously strengthen and improve Party building in universities, and promote the deep integration of Party building in universities with the development of higher education undertakings. Adhere to and improve the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the Party committee, closely focus on the formulation and implementation of the university's "15th Five-Year Plan" development plan, and systematically embed Party building work into key tasks such as discipline construction, talent cultivation, and scientific research tackling. Deeply implement the principle of the Party managing talent, strengthen political guidance and political absorption, improve the whole-chain working mechanism for the introduction, cultivation, evaluation, and service of top talents and young talents, and continuously gather high-level faculty from around the world. Strengthen organized research around major national strategic needs, embed the Party's organizational system and work system into the entire process of research project application, team tackling, and achievement transformation, rely on Party building to break down disciplinary barriers and bottlenecks in collaborative innovation, and concentrate efforts on basic research and tackling key core technologies. Adhere to laying foundations and pursuing long-term benefits, systematically sort out weaknesses and shortcomings in Party governance and school governance, improve institutional mechanisms, strengthen institutional implementation, coordinate the advancement of key tasks in the university's reform, development, and stability, transform the effectiveness of studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building into a powerful driving force for tackling difficulties and undertaking undertakings, and write the chapter of struggle for Peking University Communists in the new era for comprehensively building a strong country and advancing the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization.
(The author is the Party Secretary of Peking University)
Return to TopBy: 柳学智
General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out, "Cultivating talent is the basic function of education, and whether it can meet the needs of economic and social development is an important criterion for measuring the effectiveness of talent cultivation. It is necessary to improve the mechanism for aligning talent cultivation with the needs of economic and social development." This profoundly reveals the inherent law between talent cultivation and economic and social development, pointing out the direction of progress and providing fundamental guidance for talent cultivation work in the new era. At present, China's economic and social development is undergoing a profound transformation, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is advancing at an accelerated pace, the shift between old and new growth drivers is speeding up, and talent demand is changing rapidly. However, the structural contradiction between talent cultivation and the needs of economic and social development is becoming increasingly prominent, and the mismatch between supply and demand has become an important bottleneck constraining high-quality development. To solve this problem, it is necessary to scientifically analyze its deep causes, systematically improve the dynamic talent cultivation alignment mechanism, strive to create a long-term aligned talent development ecosystem, and form a virtuous cycle of mutual promotion between supply and demand and dynamic balance.
Deep Causes of the Disconnect between Talent Cultivation and the Needs of Economic and Social Development
The disconnect between talent cultivation and economic and social development is the result of multiple factors interweaving and reinforcing each other over a long period, involving both obstacles at the level of institutional design, barriers at the level of interest patterns, and inertia at the level of social concepts.
Structural mismatch between homogenized supply and differentiated demand. Driven by the popularization of higher education and long-term scale expansion, the tendency toward homogenization in talent cultivation has become increasingly prominent. In terms of school positioning, many institutions compete to pursue "comprehensiveness" and "research-oriented" status, neglecting their own characteristics and regional industrial needs; in terms of specialty offerings, curricula and training programs are highly similar, making it difficult for talent cultivation specifications to meet the differentiated needs of different regions and industries. From the perspective of market demand, as the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation accelerates, strategic emerging industries, advanced manufacturing, modern services, and traditional industries are continuously putting forward new requirements for the knowledge structure and skill composition of the labor force, with the characteristics of diversification, digitalization, and greening becoming increasingly prominent. The supply of composite and innovative talent is insufficient, while some graduates of traditional specialties face employment difficulties. This structural mismatch between homogenized supply and differentiated demand leads to inefficient allocation of human resources, wasting valuable educational resources and constraining industrial transformation and upgrading.
Institutional obstacles in the ease of adding but difficulty of eliminating disciplines and specialties. Disciplines and specialties are the key hub connecting talent cultivation with industrial demand, but under the current system, the problem of adjustment lag is prominent. In the addition stage, the establishment of new specialties often exhibits the phenomenon of "rushing in all at once." Some institutions lack scientific demonstration and forward-looking planning, blindly following trends to open popular specialties, leading to short-term oversupply and uneven quality. In the elimination stage, the exit of traditional specialties faces multiple obstacles: teachers' professional transformation and placement channels are limited, the disposal of experimental training equipment and other assets is difficult, and coupled with the solidification of departmental interest patterns and the constraints of traditional concepts, the exit channel is severely obstructed. The inertial dependence of disciplines and specialties being "easy to add but difficult to reduce" causes a large amount of educational resources to be locked into traditional fields with continuously shrinking demand for a long time, while the talent cultivation capacity urgently needed by emerging industries is difficult to form quickly, resulting in the structural adjustment of disciplines and specialties lagging behind industrial structural changes for a long time.
The closed loop of demand information forecasting, early warning, and feedback is missing. The prerequisite for precise matching of supply and demand is the effective transmission of information, but there are obvious breaks in this chain at present. At the macro level, the forward-looking forecasting capacity for industry talent demand is insufficient, lacking long-term trend analysis based on multi-source big data, and planning often lags behind actual market changes. At the meso level, real-time monitoring and early warning mechanisms for talent market supply and demand information are not yet sound, there is a time lag in signal transmission, and training institutions find it difficult to obtain accurate signals of industrial demand changes in a timely manner. At the micro level, there is a lack of institutionalized feedback channels for employers' evaluation of graduate quality, making it difficult for training institutions to continuously improve the training process accordingly. The break in the information transmission chain keeps talent cultivation in a passive state of 盲人摸象 (máng rén mō xiàng - "blind men feeling the elephant," to perceive only a part of something and mistake it for the whole) for a long time, and adjustments on the supply side often cannot keep up with changes on the demand side.
Insufficient interest linkage and mutual incentive in industry-education collaboration. Industry-education integration and school-enterprise cooperation are important paths for improving the adaptability of talent cultivation, but in practice the dilemma of "schools are enthusiastic, enterprises are cold" has not been fundamentally reversed. From the perspective of cost sharing, enterprises' investment in participating in talent cultivation lacks clear cost accounting and compensation mechanisms, and direct economic benefits are difficult to quantify. From the perspective of return expectations, there is a risk that talent cultivated through school-enterprise cooperation will be "free-ridden" by other enterprises, and the return on enterprise investment lacks protection. From the perspective of policy incentives, existing fiscal, tax, and financial preferential policies are insufficient in intensity, with obstacles in implementation, and have limited appeal for enterprises to participate in running schools. These factors cause school-enterprise cooperation to remain mostly at the level of shallow internship and practical training, with limited progress in deep-level collaboration such as formulation of training standards, development of curriculum systems, and two-way flow of faculty, and the problem of "two separate skins" between industry and education has not been fundamentally solved.
The social prejudice of "valuing academic credentials over skills" still exists. For a long time, the traditional concept of "excellence in learning leads to officialdom" has had a profound influence, and the social prejudice of "valuing academic credentials over skills" is 根深蒂固 (gēn shēn dì gù - "deep roots and firm stems," deeply entrenched). In terms of remuneration, the income gap between skilled talent and management talent and professional technical talent is obvious, and the market return on skill value is insufficient. In terms of social status, technical workers, especially skilled laborers on the production front line, receive relatively low social recognition and respect. This conceptual deviation leads to "credential worship" in educational choices, with a large number of students flooding into the general higher education track, insufficient appeal of vocational education, and a shortage of high-skilled talent supply. At the same time, employers over-rely on academic credentials as signals in recruitment and salary grading, further solidifying this prejudice and forming a self-reinforcing cycle of supply-demand mismatch.
Continuously Improving the Talent Cultivation Mechanism Aligned with the Needs of Economic and Social Development
In response to the above deep causes, it is necessary to systematically build a talent cultivation mechanism that can dynamically perceive demand, quickly respond to changes, and effectively coordinate multiple parties, promoting the alignment of talent cultivation with the needs of economic and social development from passive lag to proactive precision.
Building a multi-source data-driven demand forecasting and early warning mechanism. Establish a multi-dimensional talent demand monitoring system covering industries, sectors, and occupations, integrating multi-source data such as macroeconomic data, industry statistical surveys, online recruitment platform information, social security payment records, and enterprise annual reports, and use big data analysis and artificial intelligence technology to accurately assess development trends in the scale, structure, and capabilities of talent demand. On this basis, build a talent supply-demand index by region, industry, and level, regularly publish talent demand reports, achieve early warning of talent shortages and surpluses, provide timely and reliable scientific basis for the regulation of talent cultivation scale and structural adjustment, and shift planning decisions from experience-based judgment to data-driven decision-making.
Building an employment-oriented education quality assessment and resource allocation mechanism. Take the degree of alignment between talent cultivation and economic and social development as the core indicator for measuring education quality, and promote the shift of education evaluation from "internal circulation" to "external recognition." In key links such as institutional evaluation, specialty evaluation, and degree program review, strengthen core indicators such as graduate employment rate, employment quality, and employment stability, and reduce the weight of internal indicators such as paper publication. Establish a direct linkage mechanism between evaluation results and resource allocation such as fiscal appropriations, enrollment plans, project review, and the addition or reduction of degree programs, give resource preference to institutions and specialties with high alignment, impose rigid constraints on those with long-term disconnect, form incentive-compatible institutional guidance, and guide training institutions to proactively connect with social needs.
Building a dynamic mechanism for the establishment and exit of disciplines and specialties. Reform the management system for discipline and specialty establishment, expand the autonomous adjustment authority of training institutions, and enhance the responsiveness of disciplines and specialties to industrial changes. Establish a dynamic catalog system for disciplines and specialties, allowing flexible establishment, rapid response, and pilot-first implementation for emerging fields and interdisciplinary subjects outside the catalog. At the same time, improve the specialty early warning and exit mechanism, establish a specialty evaluation system including indicators such as employment rate, employment matching rate, employment stability, and salary level, and for specialties whose evaluation results fail to meet standards for consecutive years, initiate exit procedures, forcibly reduce enrollment scale or revoke them, forming a dynamic adjustment closed loop of "there is entry and exit, survival of the fittest," ensuring that the structure of disciplines and specialties always resonates at the same frequency as the industrial structure.
Building an industry-education collaborative cultivation mechanism. Promote industry-education integration from shallow cooperation to deep collaboration, and build a school-enterprise development community. At the standards level, establish institutional channels for industry enterprises to deeply participate in the formulation of talent cultivation plans and the development of competency standards, ensuring precise alignment between cultivation specifications and job requirements. At the process level, comprehensively implement the modern apprenticeship system, enterprise new apprenticeship system, and project-based teaching, with enterprises deeply involved in the full-process management of teaching implementation and internship practical training. At the resource level, support schools and enterprises in jointly building industrial colleges, technology R&D centers, industry-education integration training bases, and "dual-qualification" teacher training bases, open up two-way faculty flow channels, and realize the mutual sharing of resources such as equipment, cases, and projects. At the evaluation level, introduce industry certification and enterprise evaluation, so that the quality of talent cultivation is directly tested by the market.
Improving the lifelong vocational skills development mechanism. The acceleration of technological iteration makes one-time school education unable to meet lifelong career development needs, and it is necessary to establish a flexible and open lifelong vocational skills development system. Implement a personal learning account system, record and accumulate various learning outcomes, and realize the mutual recognition and interconnection of academic education and non-academic training. Promote the training voucher system, give workers the right to independently choose training content, training institutions, and training time, and enhance the competitiveness and flexibility of the training market. Encourage enterprises to establish internal skill level systems and skill promotion channels, support vocational colleges and universities in opening continuing education resources, provide high-quality skills training to society, form a skills development system running through the entire career cycle of workers, and make lifelong learning a conscious action and feasible choice for workers.
Creating a Talent Development Ecosystem Aligned with the Needs of Economic and Social Development over the Long Term
The smooth operation of dynamic mechanisms requires the support of a sound institutional ecosystem. The realization of long-term alignment must transcend short-term adjustment at the mechanism level and build an institutional environment and cultural soil that supports the continuous development of talent and the continuous alignment of supply and demand.
Improving the competency-based national qualifications framework. Breaking the long-standing talent evaluation and social selection mechanism of "credentials only" and "diplomas only" is an institutional arrangement for guiding the rational flow of human resources. The national qualifications framework is a hierarchy and common standard for measuring, communicating, and connecting various levels and types of educational qualifications and vocational qualifications, and plays an important role in comprehensively advancing the construction of a learning society and a learning nation. It is necessary to accelerate the construction of a national qualifications framework system, establish a learning outcome recognition, accumulation, and conversion system centered on educational qualifications and vocational qualifications, clarify the horizontal correspondence and vertical articulation relationships among academic certificates, vocational qualification certificates, skill level certificates, and training certificates at various levels, and build a new talent evaluation paradigm of "competency-based, outcome-oriented."
Improving the cost-sharing and incentive-constraint mechanisms for industry-education collaboration. Improve the cost-sharing mechanism for industry-education integration, reasonably divide the investment responsibilities of government, schools, and enterprises in collaborative cultivation, and establish clear and transparent cost accounting and compensation methods. Increase fiscal and tax incentives, improve the pre-tax deduction policy for enterprise employee education funds, raise the deduction ratio, and simplify application procedures. For enterprises that deeply participate in industry-education integration, give substantive policy preference in financial credit, land security, government procurement, and project approval. Accelerate the legislative process for industry-education integration, clarify the rights, obligations, and interest protection of enterprises in participating in talent cultivation, so that incentives and constraints have legal basis and rules to follow, fundamentally solving the concerns of enterprises in participating in education.
Improving market institutions for equal employment and skill premiums. Reform the labor employment and salary distribution systems, eliminate market discrimination based on academic credential status, and establish an employment evaluation mechanism oriented toward ability and performance. Improve salary distribution guidelines for skilled talent, promote enterprises in establishing wage units and salary growth mechanisms that reflect the value orientation of skills, form market incentives of "skill premiums," and let high skills receive high returns. Smooth the career development channels for technical and skilled talent, break the institutional barriers between management positions and technical positions, and enable skilled talent to have predictable career advancement space and development prospects. Resolutely break down various hidden barriers and implement equal guarantees for skilled talent in salary and remuneration, professional title evaluation, urban settlement, commendation and recognition, and recruitment for public institutions.
Cultivating a social cultural ecosystem that values skills. The effective operation of institutional mechanisms cannot be separated from the deep support of culture. Vigorously promote the spirit of model workers, the spirit of labor, and the spirit of craftsmanship, and enhance the social visibility and recognition of technical and skilled talent through various means such as media publicity, selection of models, and honorary commendations. Systematically incorporate labor education and vocational experience into all stages of basic education, help students establish a diversified view of careers and success from an early age, and reverse the single credential-oriented educational value. Continue to hold various vocational skills competitions and skill display activities, create a strong social atmosphere in which labor is glorious, skills are precious, and creation is great, form a cultural ecosystem in which everyone can become talented and everyone can fully display their talents, and inject lasting and profound spiritual momentum into the long-term alignment of talent cultivation and economic and social development.
Improving the alignment mechanism between talent cultivation and the needs of economic and social development is a profound transformation involving conceptual change, institutional innovation, and systematic restructuring. It cannot be accomplished 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù - "accomplished in one step," to succeed at the first attempt) and requires persistent, long-term effort, continuously promoting the talent cultivation system and economic and social development toward mutual promotion and coordinated progress, providing a steady stream of high-quality talent support for high-quality development and Chinese-style modernization.
(The author is the President of the Chinese Academy of Personnel Science (中国人事科学研究院))
Return to TopBy: 本报评论员 范丽君
General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, "Rules serve a constraining function, so they must be drawn tighter. When drawn tighter, they naturally feel uncomfortable." "When we are a bit more uncomfortable and a bit more ill at ease, the people's comfort level is a bit better, their satisfaction is a bit higher, and their feeling toward us is a bit better." These important statements profoundly elucidate the dialectical relationship between leading cadres' observance of rules and public satisfaction, and also point out the principles and direction for leading cadres in the new era to establish and practice a correct view of political achievements.
Discipline is the "yardstick" for managing and governing the Party. Since its founding, our Party has always emphasized rules and clarified discipline. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has made discipline building the fundamental strategy for exercising full and rigorous party self-governance, effectively confining power within the cage of institutions, and drawing untouchable bottom lines for leading cadres' exercise of power. A small number of leading cadres feel that the cage has been woven too densely and the string of rules is drawn too tightly, feeling uncomfortable and ill at ease, even sighing that "being an official is not easy"; worse still, some, under the high-pressure situation, still do not restrain themselves or stop their actions, ignoring the Party's discipline and rules, turning public power into "private tools," engaging in large-scale power-money transactions, with a grave nature and adverse impact.
Power is "public" in nature, not "private." The people's character inherent in Marxist political parties determines that leading cadres must wield and use power well for the Party and the people, without the slightest private use. As the backbone of the Party's and the nation's cause, leading cadres' every word and action has a demonstration effect. It must be clearly recognized that constraint is not bondage, but rather the "protective talisman" for leading cadres to undertake work and start undertakings and the "ballast stone" for 行稳致远 (xíng wěn zhì yuǎn - "walk steadily, reach far," to proceed steadily toward long-term goals). Only by consciously accepting constraint and supervision can leading cadres prevent power from crossing boundaries and actions from going off track, making various policies and measures more aligned with the people's needs, so that the people can have more peace of mind and trust. Only when the people feel "a bit better," with improved comfort and satisfaction, can their sense of identification with and support for leading cadres be enhanced, and can they be twisted into one rope with leading cadres, thinking in one direction and exerting strength in one place, enabling the Party to remain in an invincible position.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized, "Ideals and convictions are the 'backbone,' and discipline and rules are the 'pillar.' Without these two, one will inevitably deviate from the Party's purpose, one's conduct and actions will go astray and turn evil, one's thinking will be beset by 百病丛生 (bǎi bìng cóng shēng - "a hundred illnesses arise together," to be plagued by numerous problems), and one's life will lose its direction." The rules being drawn "a bit tighter" first requires further strengthening ideological party-building and tightening the "master switch" of ideals and convictions. Thought is the forerunner of action; ideological slippage is the most serious disease. If the "master switch" is not tightened, and the relationships between public and private, righteousness and profit, right and wrong cannot be correctly handled, then all sorts of boundary-crossing, derailment, leakage, and seepage become unavoidable. Leading cadres must persist in tempering strong party spirit, cultivate a correct view of political achievements, consciously seek gaps, investigate roots, and strengthen cultivation from the perspective of party spirit, making the tempering of party spirit and the enhancement of ideological awareness a lifelong subject, frequently dusting off "ideological dust," constantly reflecting on the "harm of greed," and regularly defeating the "thief in the heart."
Having discipline to rely on and rules to follow is the prerequisite for strict discipline. It is necessary to further tighten and densify the cage of Party discipline and Party rules, and persist in managing and governing the entire Party with strict discipline. The goals and tasks of the "15th Five-Year Plan" period place higher demands on confining power within the institutional cage. It is necessary to make institutions dense yet not cumbersome, effective and functional, while also striving to improve institutional execution and strengthen rigid constraints. Only by becoming accustomed to working under the "searchlight" can leading cadres eliminate the "broken window effect." Leading cadres must become accustomed to working and living under supervision and constraint, consciously benchmarking against standards, exercising power according to law, exercising power impartially, exercising power with integrity, internalizing discipline and rules into daily behavioral norms that are used without conscious awareness, ensuring that power is always used to benefit the people, and making discipline truly an electrified high-voltage line.
The people's masses contain inexhaustible wisdom and strength. "Deeply rooted in the people, always possessing a solid foundation" is one of our Party's fine qualities. The reason why good cadres such as Jiao Yulu, Gu Wenchang, and Yang Shanzhou are praised and remembered by the people is that they did good deeds and practical things to the hearts of the masses, truly achieving "serving as officials for one term, benefiting one region." Leading cadres must adhere to a people-centered work orientation, persist in asking the people about their needs, asking the people for advice, and asking the people about results, starting from details and focusing on practical results, continuously improving their ability to work with the masses, serving as the "leading geese" in undertaking work and starting undertakings, better transforming institutional advantages into governance effectiveness, and fulfilling commitments and winning the people's trust with tangible work results.
Those who are good at prohibition first prohibit themselves before others. The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is a critical period for consolidating the foundation and comprehensively exerting effort to basically realize socialist modernization. The international environment is complex and changeable, and the tasks of reform, development, and stability are arduous and heavy. Leading cadres must observe discipline and rules well, establish a correct view of power, political achievements, and career, always maintain the Party in their hearts, the people in their hearts, responsibility in their hearts, and reverence in their hearts, and realize the effectiveness of serving the people through the self-discipline of rules being drawn "a bit tighter" and the people feeling "a bit better," continuously creating new achievements worthy of the era and the people.
Return to TopBy: 韩庆祥 汤茂玥
In recent years, in the interpretation and reconstruction of civilization standards, some scholars have conducted academic inquiries from different dimensions. In reflecting upon civilization standards based on "Western-centrism," and in addressing the issue of standing upon China's history and culture to construct autonomous civilization standards, a high degree of consensus has been formed, jointly promoting the Sinicization, systematization, and academic theoretical research and interpretation of civilization standard theory.
Based on the Essence of Civilization
Essence determines standards, and standards reflect essence. The essence of civilization is the internal foundation and underlying logic of civilization standards, while civilization standards are the external display and concrete manifestation of the essence of civilization. What civilization "is" determines what standards people use to measure it; determining civilization standards must be based on the essence of civilization.
The essence of civilization speaks to what civilization "is," and therefore must be understood and grasped from a philosophical perspective. This first involves the relationship between culture and civilization in a philosophical sense; the essence of civilization is mainly manifested within the relationship between culture and civilization. First, culture is the sum of all results of the externalization or objectification of man's internal essential powers; it emphasizes humanization or externalization and includes artifacts, institutions, knowledge, science and technology, spirit, etc., answering "what can humans create." Civilization, on the other hand, emphasizes humanization and internalization; it is the historical process of progress wherein humanity transcends ignorance, barbarism, and ugliness to seek truth, goodness, and beauty, as well as the positive results thereof; it is the essence and the sublimation toward goodness of culture; it is the part of culture that trends toward goodness and presents virtue; it is the result of practicing virtue under heaven and the elevation of cultivation; it answers "what humans ought to become" or "what progress the results created by humans can bring to individuals, groups, and humanity toward goodness." In this coordinate system, culture is the scope of what humans "can do," while civilization is the scope of what humans "ought to do"; culture is the manifestation of "power," and civilization is the illumination of virtue. Therefore, culture is not entirely equal to civilization; culture is merely the prerequisite for civilization, while civilization is the sublimation of culture toward goodness. In other words, only when culture is incorporated into a framework and order of "virtue as the core" can it be called "civilization." Second, culture emphasizes the lifestyle, mode of production, mode of thinking, and mode of behavior of specific groups, while civilization emphasizes the universality and progressive achievements of human development and progress. Finally, culture has distinctions between good and evil, essence and dross, while civilization is the positive, progressive, and goodness-oriented part of culture; it is the goodness of culture, and is the crystallization of "transforming culture into goodness, transforming people into goodness, and transforming things into goodness." Looking at civilization standards through the essence of civilization, civilization standards are clearly not primarily centered on cities, nations, writing, bronze, or artifacts, knowledge, and science and technology, but are instead centered on "Harmony Philosophy (Dao), Moral Rule of Law (Shu), and Benevolent Systems and Rites (Xing)." On this basis, the West's "four great civilization standards" (cities, nations, writing, and bronze) mainly belong to the category of culture and do not mainly belong to the category of civilization.
Based on Metaphysical Philosophy
As a commonly used approach, the West often determines civilization standards from artifacts, matter, writing, knowledge, science and technology, cities, and nations. It cannot be denied that this approach has a certain rationality; after all, artifacts, matter, writing, knowledge, science and technology, cities, and nations can elevate culture to a high stage—that is, highly developed culture—and also provide a more solid foundation for civilization. However, we should clearly recognize that artifacts, matter, writing, knowledge, science and technology, cities, and nations actually mainly belong to the category of culture; they do not involve morality and are actually manifestations of highly developed culture. Bronze ware is actually material and craftsmanship in the cultural sense; writing is actually information recording technology in the cultural sense; cities are actually the organization of human habitation scale in the cultural sense; nations are actually power and institutions in the cultural sense. That is to say, all of the above are spoken of in a cultural sense. The West often describes culture as civilization, or reduces civilization to culture, or conflates culture with civilization. This is a 形而下 (xing er xia - "below the form," material or concrete) approach to determining civilization standards. Based on this approach, it advocates for the priority of artifacts, the priority of knowledge, and the priority of science and technology, using cities, nations, writing, bronze, and levels of knowledge and science and technology as hard indicators, and treating cities, nations, writing, bronze, and knowledge and science and technology as priority options for civilization standards. Within this so-called framework of civilization, only those that meet these hard indicators or priority options are "civilized," otherwise they are "barbaric and ignorant." The essence of this framework, which elevates culture to civilization, lies in establishing cultural hegemony and civilization hegemony. Since the modern era, the West has indeed held a leading position in aspects such as artifacts, matter, cities, knowledge, and science and technology; describing culture as civilization is essentially placing the West at the commanding heights of world civilization, thereby manifesting cultural hegemony and civilization hegemony. Its philosophical foundation is the "subject-object dualism" and its civilization narrative, which was later alienated based on "Western-centrism." A so-called civilization based on this philosophical foundation can only endogenously produce opposition, division, conflict, violence, and war; it cannot endogenously produce civilization, but will instead move toward the opposite of civilization—barbarism. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Some theoretical viewpoints and academic achievements can be used to explain the development processes of certain countries and nations, possessing rationality within certain regions and historical cultures, but if one insists on applying them onto all countries and ethnic groups, using them to format human life, and using them as a judge, then that is absurd."
In fact, there is another new approach to determining civilization standards that is often ignored by people but is very important and should therefore attract high attention, which is to determine the standards of civilization from metaphysical philosophy. This approach belongs to the path of conducting creative transformation and innovative development based on Chinese civilization. Philosophy is the living soul of civilization. The philosophical paradigm of Chinese philosophy, especially contemporary Chinese Marxist philosophy, pays attention to "equality and inclusivity"; it focuses on a civilization narrative of "concrete diversity—equality and inclusion—win-win inclusivity." Using this as a foundation, it can endogenously produce diversity in unity, equality for all, and inclusion and inclusivity, and thereby endogenously produce harmony, virtue, good deeds, altruism, and symbiosis; it possesses good roots and will naturally endogenously produce civilization. Such a civilization is an existence that emphasizes multiplicity, plurality, equality, mutual learning, and inclusivity, rather than a singular civilization. In particular, it places ethics and morality in the fundamental or core position within the framework of civilization, regarding ethics and morality as the foundation and soul of civilization and as the primary yardstick for judging civilization; it answers the question of "whether something is good or not." This understanding has its roots in the classics of Chinese culture. Confucius said: "If quality exceeds culture, it is wild; if culture exceeds quality, it is pedantic. Only when culture and quality are in harmony can one be a gentleman." "Wild" means having only power without "culture"; "pedantic" means having only complex forms without internal "quality"; "culture and quality in harmony" means "the virtue within culture is civilization." The I Ching (Book of Changes) states: "A dragon appears in the field; the world is civilized." The Li Ji (Book of Rites), in the "Record of Music," points out: "Rites are the order of heaven and earth; music is the harmony of heaven and earth." Kong Yingda's Shangshu Zhengyi (Correct Meaning of the Book of Documents) emphasizes: "To shine upon the four quarters is called brightness; to weave through heaven and earth is called culture."
Based on this approach, "Harmony Philosophy, Moral Rule of Law, and Benevolent Systems and Rites" should be regarded as the core standards of civilization. In this approach, the Dao is used to govern the Shu, goodness is used to unify truth, ethics and morality are used to govern knowledge and science and technology, and moral rule of law is used to restrain the evils of culture. In short, the material is the "form" of civilization, and the metaphysical is the "spirit" of civilization. The West focuses on the material, emphasizing standards of civilization determined based on artifacts, matter, writing, knowledge, science and technology, cities, and nations; this is mainly culture rather than civilization. China focuses on the metaphysical, determining the core standards of civilization based on human-centeredness, harmony, morality, ritual systems, and the pursuit of goodness; this is civilization itself. Looking at civilization from a philosophical metaphysical perspective, the essence of civilization is the pursuit of goodness, morality is the soul and core of civilization, and knowledge and science and technology are merely the tools and means of civilization. Clarifying the distinction between these two approaches provides a philosophical foundation for both transcending the view of civilization standards based on "Western-centrism" and establishing an autonomous Chinese view of civilization standards to thereby promote mutual learning among civilizations, and also provides a new path for the Project to Trace the Origins of Chinese Civilization. Today, China pays relatively more attention to tracing the origins of civilization through archaeology, which is of great significance. At the same time, the Project to Trace the Origins of Chinese Civilization can also activate the roots of Chinese civilization from a philosophical perspective, reconstructing China's autonomous concept of "civilization" and "civilization standards" along the thread of "culture-quality" and "culture-wildness" found in traditional Chinese thought.
Based on Chinese and Western Historical and Practical Samples
It cannot be denied that Western civilization has made important historical contributions. However, it can be seen from Chinese and Western historical and practical samples that, based on the logic of capital dominance and instrumental rationality, the West often causes knowledge and science and technology to bring about cultural evils and technological alienation; therefore, they cannot serve as universal civilization standards. Looking at Western historical and practical samples, Western artifacts, knowledge, science and technology, and rationality are mostly tools of culture rather than the essence of civilization; they are primarily tools and means for humanizing nature and dominating nature, and thus mainly belong to the category of culture. Knowledge, culture, and levels of science and technology are not entirely equivalent to the degree of civilization; when they conspire with the logic of capital dominance and instrumental rationality, they cause science and technology to be accompanied by cultural evils, thereby leading to technological alienation. The logic of capital dominance causes the West to alienate science and technology into tools for capital appreciation, making science and technology serve capital rather than the all-round development of humans, and also causing science and technology to break away from humanistic and moral constraints, which in turn leads to dependence on things, the alienation of humans, and moral degradation, moving toward a one-dimensional, anti-ecological direction, and becoming a means of hegemony, colonialism, plunder, and war. The West's "equating knowledge and science and technology with civilization" is essentially a confusion of the relative distinction between culture and civilization; it uses advanced artifacts to judge civilizational superiority, thereby exercising cultural hegemony and civilization hegemony. It often uses the so-called cloak of civilization to obscure the barbaric essence of colonialism, plunder, and hegemony, creating civilizational hierarchies and civilizational conflicts. In the contemporary West, the alienation of civilization is manifested as technological alienation (science and technology alienating from "serving humans" to "humans serving technology"), capital alienation (capital alienating from a "means of development" to "capital enslavement"), and value alienation (replacing value rationality with instrumental rationality, and replacing the pursuit of spiritual goodness with material pursuit). History and practice show that Western civilization, based on "Western-centrism," is driven by materialism, capital expansion, the conquest of nature, and instrumental rationality, emphasizing materialism, capital dominance, external conquest, and subject-object opposition; its result is to lead to the opposition, division, conflict, violence, and war of the world, leading to a new and greater barbarism.
The Chinese word for "civilization" appeared long before the English word "civilization" appeared, more than 2,000 years ago. Voltaire once said that the history of human civilization began in China. The phrase "its virtue is vigorous and civilized" discussed in Volume 2 of the Zhouyi Zhengyi (Correct Meaning of the I Ching) under the "Great Possession" hexagram carries profound meaning, implying that civilization means that a person's internal moral cultivation is profound, possessing noble qualities, and their external behavior also manifests cultivation, achieving the cultivation of both the internal and the external. Chinese civilization takes Harmony Philosophy as the "Dao," Moral Rule of Law as the "Shu," and Benevolent Systems and Rites as the "Xing"; it advocates benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, trustworthiness, gentleness, kindness, respect, frugality, and humility; it advocates the harmonious coexistence of all nations, benefiting all under heaven, great unity in the world, and beauty in commonality; it emphasizes the goodness of culture. Its logic is: cultivating the self—regulating the family—governing the state—bringing peace to the world; that is, moving from individual moral perfection to family harmony and unity, then to social civilizational order, and finally to peace under heaven. Chinese civilization possesses continuity, innovativeness, unity, inclusiveness, and peacefulness, and can provide rich resources and lay a solid foundation for determining civilization standards. This civilization is committed to seeking progress for humanity and great unity for the world; what it brings to the world is cooperation and win-win results, peaceful development, inclusion, and inclusivity. Through creative transformation and innovative development, it can create a new form of human civilization, open up new bright prospects for the progress of human civilization, and also provide China's wisdom in terms of "Dao," China's solutions in terms of "Shu," and China's strength in terms of "Xing" for the realization of modernization for humanity.
In short, in a certain sense, the West's "equating knowledge and science and technology with civilization" contains a 吊诡之计 (diào guǐ zhī jì - "a paradoxical scheme," a deceptive or contradictory tactic), the consequences of which are the theory of civilizational hierarchies, the theory of civilizational conflicts, and the theory of civilizational hegemony. In the new era, through the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese civilization, one can explore China's autonomous civilization standards from the metaphysical dimension of philosophy. This civilization standard unifies universality and particularity, which is what traditional Chinese philosophy calls 理一分殊 (lǐ yī fēn shū - "the principle is one, but its manifestations are many," the idea that a single universal principle manifests in diverse ways). Universality (unity) refers to the fact that all civilizations pay attention to seeking truth, goodness, and beauty, and pursue human liberation, social progress, and peaceful development; this is the commonality of human civilization. Particularity (diversity) refers to the fact that the paths, models, and systems for achieving "truth, goodness, and beauty" are rooted in the national conditions, historical and cultural genes, national traditions, and realistic conditions of a country; there does not exist the West's so-called sole standard or single standard, nor does there exist the West's so-called "singular civilization." It respects civilizational diversity, promotes exchange and mutual learning among civilizations, insists on treating civilizations with equality, promotes mutual learning between civilizations, advocates harmony in diversity among civilizations, achieves the multi-species coexistence of civilizations, and uses civilizational exchange to transcend civilizational barriers and civilizational mutual learning to transcend civilizational conflicts. In short, what it emphasizes is a civilization narrative of "concrete diversity—equality and inclusion—win-win inclusivity."
Return to TopBy: 李珂
For theory to enter minds and enter hearts, it must find forms that the masses are glad to hear and see. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, "We must strengthen innovation in communication means and discourse methods, so that the Party's innovative theories 'fly into the homes of ordinary people.'" In recent years, new mass art forms represented by web literature, short videos, micro-dramas, and livestreaming have flourished vigorously, becoming the most vibrant art forms of the internet era. The 2026 Government Work Report explicitly proposed "prospering new mass art under internet conditions" and incorporated it into the important agenda of national cultural development. Against this era backdrop, promoting the deep integration of new mass art and the Party's innovative theories concerns not only how theory dissemination can effectively reach people's hearts, but also how new mass art can better play its role in the building of a culturally strong nation.
Activating the main force of "everyone is a creator" and promoting theory dissemination from "elite lecturing" to "mass co-telling." The most notable feature of new mass art lies in the diversification of creative subjects — white-collar workers, delivery riders, cleaners, farmers, truck drivers, and other ordinary people from a thousand trades and a hundred industries have become art creators, providing an unprecedented mass foundation for the dissemination of the Party's innovative theories. For a long time, theory dissemination has relied more on the authoritative interpretation of experts, scholars, and mainstream media; although systematic and normative, it still has certain limitations in communication reach and emotional resonance. In the new era, art creation has achieved a transformation from "for the masses" and "writing about the masses" to "the masses write" and "the masses enjoy," and theory dissemination should also pay more attention to activating the masses' awareness of participation, forming a dissemination ecology of "everyone tells, everyone listens, everyone comprehends." Propaganda and cultural departments at all levels should proactively build platforms, hand the "microphone" of theory dissemination to the masses, encourage grassroots art backbone, young "internet celebrities," and other ordinary creators to use their personal experiences to interpret the era value of the Party's innovative theories, so that ordinary people's struggle stories and life reflections become vivid material for theory dissemination, and so that the masses deepen their understanding and identification with the Party's innovative theories through self-expression.
Innovating the interpretive paradigm of "lightweight expression" to enhance the appeal and penetrating power of theory dissemination. With the rapid development of digital technologies such as the mobile internet and artificial intelligence, new mass art forms such as short videos, livestreaming, micro-dramas, and web literature have flourished vigorously, providing flexible and diverse expression space for the dissemination of the Party's innovative theories. We must be adept at using the formal carriers of new mass art to promote innovation in theoretical expression methods, narrative logic, and interaction models. Through narrative forms such as micro-dramas and web literature, embed theoretical content into character development, plot progression, and life scenes, shifting abstract theory from "concept explanation" to "situational presentation"; leveraging the audiovisual integration advantages of short videos, transform theoretical viewpoints into intuitive, vivid, and easily understandable dissemination content, lowering the cognitive threshold for audiences; relying on the real-time interaction and community connection of web livestreaming, enhance audiences' sense of participation and identification. Using new mass art to promote innovation in theory dissemination is not simply catering to fragmented dissemination trends, but proactively adapting to new changes in the masses' information acquisition methods and cultural consumption habits, integrating theoretical expression into the masses' daily life and emotional experience, enhancing the affinity and effectiveness of theory dissemination, and promoting the Party's innovative theories to reach the masses more broadly and consolidate consensus more deeply.
Adhering to the value orientation of "civilian aesthetics" and "decompressing" theoretical discourse into mass discourse. Theory dissemination is not only thought dissemination, but also emotional dissemination and aesthetic dissemination. The reason new mass art has a broad mass foundation lies in its adherence to the "civilian aesthetics" standpoint — not pursuing enlightenment-style grand narratives, but achieving the unity of ideological guidance and emotional resonance through plain and intimate tone, simple and moving narration, and aesthetic texture rich in the flavor of everyday life. We should encourage art creators to seek creative resources from the masses' real life and practical creation, transforming major themes such as Chinese-style modernization, high-quality development, and common prosperity into specific character stories, life scenes, and emotional experiences, using small cuts to show big themes and small stories to explain big truths. We should both pay attention to the struggle journeys, life changes, and spiritual pursuits of ordinary people, and be adept at refining era value from subtle changes in daily life, explaining the Party's innovative theories clearly from a civilian perspective, in the language of life, with vivid details, so that the masses understand, identify with, and practice the theory in familiar life scenes, truly achieving theory dissemination that has both "height" and "warmth," both "meaning" and "interest."
Balancing creative freedom and value guidance, so that theory dissemination maintains the correct direction amid "a hundred flowers blooming." New mass art is open, grassroots, and innovative; creative subjects are more diverse and expression methods are richer, but this also brings governance issues in value orientation, content quality, and other aspects. Using new mass art to disseminate the Party's innovative theories requires coordinating the relationship between creative freedom and value guidance. Creative freedom is the basic premise of artistic prosperity and the soil in which theory dissemination takes root; value guidance is an important guarantee for ensuring the direction of artistic creation and enhancing the effectiveness of theory dissemination. On the one hand, fully leverage new mass art's advantage of being close to the masses and connected to life, encourage creators to draw creative material from the people's practice and the development of the era, and show the practical power embodied in the Party's innovative theories through vivid expression. On the other hand, through theme solicitation, creation support, excellent case promotion, and other means, improve the cultivation mechanism for quality content, integrate correct value orientation into all links of creation planning, work production, and dissemination promotion, and while stimulating creative vitality, enhance the ideological connotation and artistic quality of works. By building a healthy ecology in which creators actively participate, platforms effectively empower, and society jointly cultivates, let new mass art maintain value steadfastness amid diverse expression and better undertake the important mission of disseminating the Party's innovative theories and consolidating social consensus amid innovative development.
Using new mass art to promote the dissemination of the Party's innovative theories is an important practice in exploring the deep integration of "the people's art" and "the people's theory" in the digital era. New mass art originates from the people and serves the people, providing new dissemination space for the Party's innovative theories to enter the masses and integrate into life. The key to promoting the deep integration of the two lies in adhering to the people's standpoint, following the laws of dissemination, and turning the process of theory dissemination into a process of mass participation, mass expression, and mass sharing. By continuously stimulating the people's creative vitality, innovating expression methods, and improving dissemination mechanisms, promote the Party's innovative theories to truly achieve "from the masses, to the masses," gaining new vitality in the people's practical creation, and providing solid support for gathering the spiritual strength of forging ahead in the new era.
(The author is Director of the International Communication Research Office of the Henan Academy of Social Sciences (河南省社会科学院).)
Return to TopBy: 王兵
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Party members and cadres must build a strong line of defense in their thinking, always engage in self-respect, self-examination, self-encouragement, and self-discipline, be cautious when alone, cautious in small matters, cautious at the start, and cautious to the end, and be sensible people with firm political convictions who abide by rules and discipline." This important exposition is both a creative transformation of China's fine traditional culture and a clear methodological guide for Party members and cadres in the new era to persist in forging strong Party spirit.
The intellectual origins of "caution" (慎) can be traced back to the pre-Qin Confucian classics. The Doctrine of the Mean in the Book of Rites states: "The gentleman is watchful over what he does not see and fearful over what he does not hear. Nothing is more visible than what is hidden, nothing is more manifest than what is subtle, therefore the gentleman is cautious when alone." This passage profoundly reveals the core requirement of "caution" — namely, in hidden and obscure places where no one sees or hears, one must still maintain inner vigilance and reverence. This spiritual connotation resonates at a high level of value with the Communist Party of China's requirements of self-revolution and strict self-discipline in Party spirit. On the new journey of the new era, Party members and cadres must integrate the requirement of "caution" into their own cultivation and develop the spiritual self-awareness of being cautious when alone, cautious in small matters, cautious at the start, and cautious to the end.
Party spirit is most visible where no one is present, and true character is most revealed in solitude. So-called caution when alone means that in moments of solitude and places without witnesses, one still strictly holds the bottom line and abides by rules. In reality, some cadres precisely lose their footing and slide backward on the character "alone" (独). Before others, they do not overstep by a single inch; behind others' backs, they relax by a single step. When the organization is present, they observe discipline; in solitude, they resort to flexible maneuvering. In public settings, they speak of Party spirit; in private, they scheme for personal gain. As the ancient saying goes: "The gentleman is cautious when alone and does not deceive even in a dark room." Once Party members and cadres discard the yardstick of caution when alone, they will inevitably breed greed in hidden corners and ultimately slide into the abyss of violating laws and discipline. For Party members and cadres to achieve caution when alone, the first priority is to tighten the valve of thought, make Party spirit cultivation a "required course," and achieve consistency whether before or behind others, whether on or off the stage. Strictly demand of oneself, become accustomed to working and living in an environment of supervision and restraint, and do not overstep simply because no one knows. Cultivate an open and upright mind, frequently sweep away the dust of thought, frequently cleanse the defilement of the soul, and guard every step of official conduct with the resolve of caution when alone.
"A thousand-li dike collapses from an ant hole." Failure to guard small matters will inevitably harm great virtue, and subtle negligence will ultimately produce enormous disaster. A single meal, a single pack of cigarettes, a single card — they appear insignificant, but in reality they are the "dominoes" that topple the principle of Party spirit. In reality, some cadres are careless on the character "small" (微): they treat a casual meal as ordinary social interaction, a pack of fine cigarettes as collegial friendship, a card or voucher as a matter of common human feeling. "Accumulated feathers sink a boat; a mass of light objects snaps an axle." Every relaxation on "small matters" is "nurturing an abscess and bequeathing disaster" in violating laws and discipline. To achieve caution in small matters, one must first establish a correct view of political achievements and a correct view of power, and not do evil because it is small; strictly manage the gate of social interaction and the gate of human sentiment, maintain a high degree of sensitivity toward subtle relationships in dealings and trivial temptations in life, and not indulge because the matter is small; strengthen bottom-line thinking, persist in building cultivation from small matters and minor details, temper one's character from every bit and drop, and guard every pass of official conduct with the mindfulness of caution in small matters.
"There is none who does not have a beginning, but few are able to reach the end." Caution at the start is important because "one" (一) symbolizes the beginning of quantitative change and the source of qualitative change. As the saying goes: "If a single thought's desire cannot be restrained, disaster will flow into the heavens." In reality, some cadres' path to violating laws and discipline often begins with the loss of the "first time." The first time accepting a gift, they feel it is merely "social courtesy"; the first time attending a banquet, they consider it merely "a gathering of friends"; the first time breaching discipline, they console themselves with "no next time." Little do they know: "Once a white robe is stained with ink, it can never be washed clean." Once the opening is made, it will be like the shoes of a sedan-chair bearer, going from cautious and careful to wanton and unrestrained, losing vigilance in the "boiling frog" until a small error becomes a great calamity. To achieve caution at the start, the first priority is to build a strong line of defense in thought, make the firming of ideals and convictions a lifelong subject, and fasten and tighten the "first button" from the very beginning; the key is to strictly observe the bottom line of discipline, maintain a high degree of vigilance toward any "first time" temptation, and not make exceptions because of "small matters"; the value lies in cultivating political resolve, always treating the power in one's hands with the caution of "as if facing a deep abyss, as if treading on thin ice," and walking every step of official conduct with the mindset of caution at the start.
"If one is as careful at the end as at the beginning, there will be no failed undertakings." In reality, the "age-59 phenomenon" and the strange phenomenon of "'last-kilometer' corruption" still exist. Some Party members and cadres have been diligent their entire lives, yet at the very end they stumble on the character "end" (终). Once success is achieved, they want to "catch their breath"; once reaching the station, they want to "rest their feet." As the saying goes: "A single slackening of the pole sends one back a thousand fathoms." When achievements are accomplished, it is not easy to remain vigilant in times of peace, to maintain the spirited mental state of entrepreneurship from the early days. The key lies in firming up ideals and convictions, establishing the realm of "success need not be in my tenure, but success must include my contribution," and always maintaining a posture of struggle; strictly observing discipline and rules, and guarding the final pass before leaving one's post and retiring; carrying forward fine work style, being conscientious and diligent, faithfully performing one's duties, and standing guard at every post of official conduct with the prudence of caution to the end.
Return to TopBy: 张晨怡
Luo Zenan (1808–1856), a late-Qing Neo-Confucian scholar from Hunan, courtesy name Zhongyue, style name Luoshan, has long been known to posterity chiefly as a famed general of the Hunan Army. Yet to truly understand his spiritual world and the foundations of his conduct, one cannot bypass his role as a Neo-Confucian educator. In 1848, while teaching at the Zuo family's Bajiao Mountain Studio in Xiangxiang, Luo Zenan found that Zhu Xi's Elementary Learning (Xiaoxue) had "sentences of uneven length, so that when young children first enter school and are forthwith taught from it, they often cannot parse the phrasing." He therefore took the original text as his basis, pruned the complex and simplified it, rendered it in four-character lines, and matched it with rhyme and tone, compiling the Elementary Rhymes (Xiaoxue Yunyu). This primer of more than 2,900 characters is neither an ordinary village-school text for drilling children, nor a mere abridgment of the original classic, but a primer of classical learning rooted in Neo-Confucian doctrine and oriented toward the nurturing of uprightness in childhood.
The Expression of Neo-Confucian Doctrine in Elementary Form
Although the Elementary Rhymes was written for children, it was not meant merely for memorization and recitation. Luo Zenan threaded the fundamental doctrines of the Cheng-Zhu school through the entire work, so that children, in their daily lessons and chanting, were already steeped in Neo-Confucian principle and the ethical constants.
The very opening of the book sets forth the keynote of the theory of mind and nature: "At the beginning of human life, the nature is supremely good; benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom are what Heaven has mandated. The hearts of compassion, deference, shame and dislike, and approval and disapproval—these four sprouts, tender and abundant, must be expanded and fulfilled." What these four lines summarize is precisely the Cheng-Zhu school's basic doctrine of the Heaven-mandated nature and the four sprouts of the heart. Luo Zenan inherited Zhu Xi's thesis that "nature is principle," holding that human nature is originally good, that benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom are rooted in the Heavenly mandate, and that the hearts of compassion, deference, shame and dislike, and approval and disapproval are the manifestations of this nature. By placing the theory of mind and nature at the very head of the book, he intended to show that human learning does not come from external infusion but is rather the inward expansion of the inherently complete good sprouts with which one is born. This thought is directly rooted in his Neo-Confucian position. On the theory of mind and nature, Luo Zenan held the view that "the mind unifies nature and the emotions," maintaining that the mind is the totality encompassing both nature and the emotions, and that nature and the emotions are merely different aspects of this totality. He rendered this into the rhymed lines "If one does not learn in youth, one loses the Heaven-endowed innocence; when nature is dissipated and the emotions go awry, one can no longer be called human," intending to instruct children: the mind unifies nature and the emotions; if it is not cultivated and nurtured, the original mind is lost, and nature and the emotions will deviate from the proper course.
On the level of the theory of moral cultivation, the work carries through the Cheng-Zhu scholarly aims of "investigating things and extending knowledge" and "dwelling in reverence and exhausting principle." Luo Zenan comprehensively inherited Zhu Xi's doctrine of the investigation of things in his view of knowing and acting, while also synthesizing the contributions of Cheng Yi, Zhu Xi, and Wang Fuzhi to form his own doctrine of knowing and acting. This thought appears in the Elementary Rhymes as a careful discrimination of the relationship between "elementary learning" and "great learning." Luo Zenan states plainly at the opening of the book: "The work of elementary learning is the foundation of great learning; nurture moral character and practice the minor rites." And at the end of the book he emphasizes again: "Without practicing elementary learning, one has no knowledge of the rites of childhood; wishing to enter great learning, one lacks its foundation. Without advancing to great learning, knowing and acting are not yet excellent; even the achievements of elementary learning have no way to be gathered in." The idea that "elementary learning" is the foundation of "great learning" is set forth with great thoroughness. In Luo Zenan's view, the "matters" of sweeping and responding, of advancing and withdrawing, of yielding and deferring, are precisely the first steps toward the "principle" of the investigation of things, the extension of knowledge, the making sincere of the intention, the rectification of the heart, the cultivation of the person, the regulation of the family, the ordering of the state, and the bringing of peace to the world. In the very process of becoming practiced in the rites of childhood, the child is already, without being aware of it, practicing the path of learning that "approaches things to exhaust their principle."
What is especially worthy of note is Luo Zenan's repeated emphasis on "reverence." "From beginning to end, there is only reverence"—this condenses the Cheng-Zhu theory of "dwelling in reverence" into a standard that can be upheld for a lifetime. This character "reverence" is no empty dogma but is realized in every detail of a child's daily life. From the daily rhythm of "morning and night, be solemn and reverent; toward dusk, rest; rise with the sun," to the bodily deportment of "the bearing of the feet should be weighty, the bearing of the hands should be respectful, shoulders and back straight, the step unhurried," to the inner state of "all who are disciples, morning and night be solemn and reverent"—all are concrete embodiments of "reverence." What the Elementary Rhymes displays here is precisely a method of teaching that realizes Neo-Confucian doctrine in daily practice.
The Writing of the Human-Relations Order in Rhymed Form
If the theory of mind and nature and the theory of moral cultivation constitute the theoretical foundation of the Elementary Rhymes, then the norms of human relationships form its main body. Luo Zenan devotes extensive space in the book to laying out one by one the six relations—father and son, elder and younger brothers, husband and wife, elder and younger, friend and friend, ruler and minister—constructing a human-relations order rooted in "filial piety" and pervaded throughout by "reverence."
Filial piety occupies the greatest proportion of the entire book. Luo Zenan begins with "A son serving his parents rises at cockcrow to pay his respects," and proceeds through the rites of support, attendance in illness, mourning, and sacrifice, nearly encompassing all the canons of filial conduct in the Book of Rites and the Classic of Filial Piety, intending thereby to stir the child's filial heart through the deeds of former generations who served their parents and elders with reverence. Yet Luo Zenan's conception of filial piety does not stop at daily support; it rises to the philosophical height of "receiving the body whole and returning it whole." His citation of Zengzi's care for his own body is meant to instruct children that the body, hair, and skin are received from one's parents, and that preserving and guarding one's own body is itself the fulfillment of filial piety.
The husband-wife relation appears in the book in an extremely austere Neo-Confucian guise. Luo Zenan declares, "A minister does not serve two rulers, a woman does not marry two husbands; once joined in union, together for life," and directly cites Cheng Yi's highly controversial dictum that "to die of starvation is a small matter, but to lose one's chastity is a great matter." However, if these formulations are understood within his system of doctrine, it becomes clear that his deeper concern is not the husband-wife relation itself, but an attempt to infuse the ethical order with a moral force that transcends utility and transcends life and death. The figures Luo Zenan cites—Meng Guang, Huan Shaojun, Tiying, and Lady Lu—are all women who held fast to their integrity amid hardship. This reverence for moral integrity is of a piece with his attack on utilitarian learning and his advocacy of the value orientation of "not reckoning the merit, not seeking the profit."
In the writing of the relations of elder and younger brothers, friends, elder and younger, and ruler and minister, Luo Zenan consistently threads through a single character: "reverence." Between brothers, "the elder should be kind to the younger, the younger should be respectful to the elder," and one should oppose "loving goods and wealth" to the "injury of the same vital breath." In friendship, "only reverence makes it lasting," and one must beware the frivolity of "jesting and laughing arrogantly." When sitting in attendance on elders, one must "rectify your countenance, and when listening, be reverent." This set of ritual norms may appear cumbersome, but it is in fact the embodiment of the idea that "ritual is principle." External ritual is the natural manifestation of internal principle; to practice ritual is to understand principle. The Elementary Rhymes transforms these doctrines into four-character rhymed lines, so that children, through chanting and recitation, internalize these norms as the steadfast observances of daily life.
The Educational Orientation of Discriminating Learning, Defending the Way, and Applying Learning to Governance
The compilation of the Elementary Rhymes was not merely to solve the pedagogical problem of "not being able to parse the phrasing." Placing it within Luo Zenan's overall scholarly lineage and the background of the late-Qing revival of Neo-Confucianism, one discovers that it contains a profound consciousness of discriminating among schools of learning and defending the Way, as well as a concern for applying learning to governance.
Luo Zenan was an important representative of late-Qing Neo-Confucianism, and his scholarly foundation lay entirely in the Cheng-Zhu school. He launched a fierce attack on Wang Yangming's school of the mind, writing the work A Discrimination of the Yaojiang School (Yaojiang Xuebian), in which he systematically criticized Wang's school from the perspectives of the theory of mind and nature, the theory of investigation and extension, and the view of knowing and acting. Outside the Confucian tradition, he took Buddhism and Daoism as his principal polemical targets, holding that Buddhism and Daoism confounded the sagely learning, turned their backs on human relations, and undermined production and livelihood, and that they ought to be proscribed. This stance of discriminating among schools is not an explicit theme in the Elementary Rhymes, yet it is everywhere the self-evident foundation of its arguments. The book's repeated insistence on the sequence of "elementary learning" and "great learning," on the cultivation of reverence and the exhaustion of principle, and on the importance of sweeping and responding—all of these are without exception the orthodox path of Zhu Xi's school. When Luo Zenan admonishes children to "not believe in the Buddha, not offer incense or chant the scriptures," his heart of defending the Way against heterodoxy is manifest beyond words. The Elementary Rhymes is not merely a primer; it is an extension into childhood education of Luo Zenan's enterprise of "discriminating against Wang and upholding Zhu." His chosen method was to begin at the very start of moral nurture, so that before children came into contact with "heterodox teachings," they would already have established the foundation of Cheng-Zhu orthodox learning.
At the same time, the Elementary Rhymes reveals an orientation toward practical governance that distinguishes Luo Zenan from ordinary vulgar Confucians. Unlike those orthodox Neo-Confucians confined to moral discourse, Luo Zenan placed great emphasis on the pursuit of the arts of governance, and his thought on governance spanned politics, economics, education, military affairs, and other fields. Although this trait is not fully developed in the Elementary Rhymes owing to its nature as a primer, it is still faintly visible in several details. In the book, while admonishing children to "not love goods and wealth," he also teaches them that "when the burden is heavy, share it; when it is light, bear it together," implicitly conveying the importance of dividing responsibility and mutual aid. And the aim revealed at the end of the book—"What is the purpose of study? It is to emulate the sage"—guides children toward the ideal of learning "inwardly to be a sage, outwardly to be a king," an amplitude of vision far beyond that of ordinary primers. This way of fusing self-cultivation with the governance of the world is precisely the typical embodiment of the Hunan Neo-Confucian tradition of "applying principle to governance."
It is for this very reason that the Elementary Rhymes is no ordinary reader for children's recitation. After its completion, it was printed and reprinted many times, becoming the most widely circulated of Luo's works. This phenomenon is by no means accidental. Luo Zenan and his disciples later left the study, joined the Hunan Army, and participated deeply in the reshaping of late-Qing military and political affairs. The spiritual convictions and standards of conduct they upheld can be traced directly back to this primer. The "reverence" of which the book speaks became their standard of conducting themselves with reverence; the "do not shun hardship and danger, do not cling to wealth and honor" that the book advocates became their spiritual resource for establishing themselves in a time of chaos. In this sense, the Elementary Rhymes not only laid foundations for children but also, in an imperceptible way, flowed into the currents of late-Qing historical change.
Luo Zenan wrote with self-deprecation at the end of the Elementary Rhymes: "I have gathered its essentials and compiled them into rhymed lines; these are not my words, but the inherited standards of the ancients." He regarded the book as an unremarkable link in the Cheng-Zhu lineage, as if he were merely a conscientious village teacher transmitting old texts on behalf of the ancients. Yet it is precisely this primer of modest length that allows later generations to glimpse the true form of late-Qing Neo-Confucianism taking root and sprouting in grassroots society. It is not the abstract speculation of repeated inquiry in the study, but rather, in the daily practice of teaching village-school children, it transforms concepts such as principle, vital force, mind, nature, reverence, sincerity, filial piety, and loyalty into rhymed lines that can be chanted, practiced, and upheld for a lifetime. These more than 2,900 characters of four-character verse carry one Neo-Confucian scholar's solemn expectation that "today's child of the school shall be tomorrow's sage or worthy," and they carry as well the late-Qing Neo-Confucian endeavor to perpetuate the scholarly lineage through primers and to transmit civilization through moral education.
(The author is the chair of the Department of Modern Chinese History, School of History and Culture, Minzu University of China.)
Return to TopBy: 王世伟
Calgary is a core city in western Canada, home to the headquarters of numerous oil companies, yet it suffers no problem of industrial pollution. Its air quality ranks among the best in Canada, North America, and even the world, and it is widely recognized as a livable city. The Calgary Central Library, officially opened in November 2018, is renowned in the international architectural community for its unique design in which the light rail passes through the building, and it has also become a model of public libraries empowering urban development and achieving mutual progress in both directions.
A Bridge-Designed Library Building
The Calgary Central Library is located in the bustling heart of the city, not far from Calgary's landmark Calgary Tower, surrounded by various cultural venues including the National Theatre, the music center, and galleries, and it is also an area through which the city's light rail passes. In order not to alter the original operating route of the light rail, the library's designers boldly adopted a bridge-style design scheme — the large rectangular library building serves as the bridge deck, leaping into the air and elevating the library's main entrance, while the light rail passes through beneath the building like a boat; above the light rail, a stepped walkway rising at a 45-degree angle is covered, which not only embodies the concept that books are the ladder of human progress, but also provides readers and visitors with an expanse of outdoor space where they can sit on the ground and enjoy the urban scenery, sharing a similar ingenuity with the large stepped walkway design of the Bibliothèque nationale de France along the banks of the Seine in Paris. Such a wise library design properly resolves the development dilemma of conflict between the increment of urban cultural buildings and the existing stock of urban rail transit. At the same time, outside the library's main gate, a large passageway connecting the two blocks in front of and behind the library has been designed, naturally linking the originally separated urban blocks, which both facilitates the entry and exit of readers from different blocks and organically connects the library with different areas of the city.
The bridge design of the Calgary Central Library has become a successful example of harmonious coexistence between metropolitan library architecture and urban transportation. The soundproofing design in the building means that readers reading in the library cannot feel the light rail passing through below from time to time. In addition, a specially designated light rail station allows readers to reach the library immediately upon exiting the station. This design concept is also reflected in the construction of urban libraries in China — for example, Line 4 of the Beijing subway, adjacent to the National Library of China in Zhongguancun, has a "National Library" station, and the Shanghai Library Huaihai Road branch likewise has a "Shanghai Library" station on Metro Line 10. These urban rail transit systems greatly facilitate readers' visits to libraries and also integrate urban libraries with urban rail transit. As a new cultural landmark of the city, the Calgary Central Library has also driven the revitalization and development of surrounding urban areas, and its ingenious architectural design was awarded the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Honor Award in 2020. The American Institute of Architects believes this is a thoughtful, exemplary design that skillfully weaves together the collective vision and values of design, users, community, and sustainability.
Artistic Presentation of Large-Space Interpretation
The Calgary Central Library presents distinctive artistic designs to people in both its exterior and interior, with three aspects leaving a deep impression. The first is the visual experience of geometric modular patterns dominated by hexagons. Viewed from the macro level, people can see irregular patterns dominated by hexagons in varying shades of color on the glass curtain wall of the library's facade, delivering a visual impact of light and shadow interaction that has become the library's distinctive exterior feature, clearly identifiable even from a distance; viewed from the meso level, the library's interior windows are designed with polygonal shapes, forming different vistas in different spaces, avoiding the monotony of uniform library furniture and walls, and also controlling excessively strong natural light. The classification label surfaces on the sides of the library's bookshelves also incorporate different colors into the lines of the modular patterns; viewed from the micro level, polygonal shapes are also used as design elements in the library's wayfinding signage, allowing readers to experience an intuitive artistic design that runs through inside and outside, coordinated in scale, within the vast cultural space, and a sense of beauty arises naturally.
The second is the eye-shaped design of the ceiling and the large interior atrium. Upon entering the Calgary Central Library, people are immediately attracted by the eye-shaped skylight at the top, a design that allows natural light to enter the library space through the glass on the upper level, both saving energy and bringing the library building closer to nature; the central axis of the library's large interior atrium space also features an eye-shaped open design, echoing the ceiling design from above and below. In the spiraling atrium, sunlight and curved lines form a cultural creative space where heaven, earth, and humanity are united, becoming a major highlight of the Calgary Central Library's interior design.
The third is the large black bull sculpture. In the space leading to the second floor of the library, a large black bull sculpture catches people's eye. Upon closer observation, it turns out that the bull is constructed from hundreds of black metal elements shaped like the 26 letters of the alphabet, seemingly conveying the inspiration that "knowledge is power" or "power is knowledge," and also allowing readers and visitors to feel Calgary's vibrant urban style.
In addition, the library's main entrance is designed as a cloud-shaped archway, using local red cedar wood, giving people a sense of natural warmth; large colorful balloon-like soft sculptures outside the library building sway in the wind, injecting dynamic color elements into the tranquil library building — all of these constitute the distinctive charm of the Calgary Central Library's spatial artistic interpretation.
Personalized and Diverse Reader Services
The Calgary Central Library's large space of more than 20,000 square meters is laid out across five floors, with rich and personalized reader service resources. The library's resource layout unfolds from dynamic at the lower levels to static at the upper levels, reflecting a service philosophy for all reader groups.
The 0 level houses conference rooms and dining and rest spaces for readers; the 1 level features facilities and spaces such as a coffee bar, self-service borrowing and return machines, and a performance hall (seating more than 300 people); the 2 level is mainly the children's library service area, special function service areas, and so on; the 3 level has a digital resource sharing area, a makerspace (providing audio and video recording and 3D printing, among other services), a world languages service area (providing multilingual literature), and a new reader service area; the 4 level also has the Calgary local history area (Calgary's stories), and themed literature areas for science and health, and arts and entertainment (including tourism, among others). At the same time, levels 2–4 all have bookable glass rooms in varying numbers and sizes, used either for group discussions, multimedia application exchanges, or individual study. Across all of the library's service spaces, there are services for adults, services for children and youth, career innovation services and digital resource services, as well as employment preparation services, multicultural community services, and accessible facilities (with parallel ramped passages used alongside walking stairs and elevators), reflecting an all-ages-friendly service philosophy. It is worth mentioning that there are not only various research works about Calgary, but also microform documents and maps in considerable quantities, and display cases specially designed for showcasing local culture.
Today, the Calgary Central Library has become an "urban living room" integrating reading and learning, innovation and creativity, artistic experience, social interaction, all-ages friendliness, and cultural-tourism integration. Its openness, sustainability, and community-engaged design and services fully reflect the development trends of contemporary public libraries worldwide.
Return to TopBy: 柳学智
General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly pointed out that "cultivating talent is the basic function of education, and whether it can meet the needs of economic and social development is an important criterion for measuring the effectiveness of talent cultivation. It is necessary to improve the mechanism for adapting talent cultivation to the needs of economic and social development." This profoundly reveals the inherent laws between talent cultivation and economic and social development, and points out the direction and provides the fundamental guidance for talent cultivation work in the new era. At present, China's economic and social development is undergoing a profound transformation, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, the shift between old and new drivers of growth is speeding up, and talent demand is changing rapidly. However, the structural contradiction between talent cultivation and the needs of economic and social development is becoming increasingly prominent, and the mismatch between supply and demand has become an important bottleneck constraining high-quality development. To solve this problem, it is necessary to scientifically analyze its deep-seated causes, systematically improve the dynamic adaptation mechanism for talent cultivation, strive to create a talent development ecosystem that is adapted over the long term, and form a virtuous cycle of mutual promotion between supply and demand and dynamic equilibrium.
The Deep-Seated Reasons for the Disconnect Between Talent Cultivation and the Needs of Economic and Social Development
The disconnect between talent cultivation and economic and social development is the result of multiple factors interweaving and reinforcing each other over a long period, involving not only obstacles at the level of institutional design, but also barriers at the level of interest patterns, as well as inertia at the level of social concepts.
Structural mismatch between homogenized supply and differentiated demand. Driven by the long-term expansion of higher education popularization and scale, the tendency toward homogenization in talent cultivation has become increasingly prominent. In terms of school-running positioning, many institutions compete to pursue "comprehensiveness" and "research orientation," neglecting their own characteristics and regional industrial needs; in terms of specialty setup, curricula and training programs are highly similar, making it difficult for the specifications of talent cultivation to meet the differentiated needs of different regions and different industries. From the perspective of market demand, as the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation accelerates, strategic emerging industries, advanced manufacturing, modern services, and traditional industries continue to put forward new requirements for the knowledge structure and skill composition of the labor force, with the characteristics of diversification, digitalization, and greening becoming increasingly prominent. The supply of compound and innovative talent is insufficient, while graduates of some traditional specialties face employment difficulties. This structural mismatch between homogenized supply and differentiated demand leads to inefficient allocation of human resources, which not only wastes valuable educational resources but also constrains industrial transformation and upgrading.
Institutional obstacles in which disciplines and specialties are easy to add but difficult to eliminate. Disciplines and specialties are the key hub through which talent cultivation connects with industrial demand, but under the current system, the problem of sluggish adjustment is prominent. In the addition stage, the establishment of new specialties often shows the phenomenon of "all rushing to jump on the bandwagon" (一哄而上, yī hōng ér shàng - "all rush up at once," everyone rushing headlong into the same thing). Some institutions lack scientific demonstration and forward-looking planning, blindly following trends to open popular specialties, leading to short-term oversupply and uneven quality. In the elimination stage, the exit of traditional specialties faces multiple resistances: teachers' professional transformation and placement channels are limited, the disposal of experimental training equipment and other assets is difficult, and coupled with the solidification of departmental interest patterns and the constraints of traditional concepts, the exit channel is severely blocked. The inertial dependence of disciplines and specialties being "easy to add but difficult to reduce" causes a large amount of educational resources to be locked into traditional fields with continuously shrinking demand for a long time, while the capacity for cultivating talent urgently needed by emerging industries is difficult to form quickly, resulting in the structural adjustment of disciplines and specialties lagging behind industrial structural changes for a long time.
The closed loop of demand information prediction, early warning, and feedback is missing. The prerequisite for precise matching of supply and demand is the effective transmission of information, but there are obvious breaks in this chain at present. At the macro level, the forward-looking prediction capacity for industry talent demand is insufficient, lacking long-term trend analysis based on multi-source big data, and planning often lags behind actual market changes. At the meso level, real-time monitoring and early warning mechanisms for talent market supply and demand information are not yet sound, there is a time lag in signal transmission, and training institutions find it difficult to obtain accurate signals of industrial demand changes in a timely manner. At the micro level, there is a lack of institutionalized feedback channels for employers' evaluation and feedback on graduate quality, making it difficult for training institutions to continuously improve the training process accordingly. The break in the information transmission chain keeps talent cultivation in a passive state of "blind men touching an elephant" (盲人摸象, máng rén mō xiàng - "blind men feeling an elephant," each person grasping only a part and mistaking it for the whole), and adjustments on the supply side often cannot keep up with changes on the demand side.
Insufficient interest linkage and mutual incentive between industry and education. Industry-education integration and school-enterprise cooperation are important paths for improving the adaptability of talent cultivation, but in practice the dilemma of "schools are enthusiastic, enterprises are cold" has not been fundamentally reversed. From the perspective of cost sharing, enterprises' investment in participating in talent cultivation lacks clear cost accounting and compensation mechanisms, and direct economic benefits are difficult to quantify. From the perspective of expected returns, there is a risk that talent cultivated through school-enterprise cooperation will be "free-ridden" by other enterprises, and the return on enterprise investment lacks protection. From the perspective of policy incentives, existing fiscal, tax, and financial preferential policies are insufficient in intensity, there are blockages in implementation, and the appeal for enterprises to participate in running schools is limited. These factors cause school-enterprise cooperation to mostly remain at the level of shallow internship and practical training, with limited progress in deep-level collaboration such as the formulation of training standards, development of curriculum systems, and two-way flow of faculty, and the problem of "two skins" (两张皮, liǎng zhāng pí - "two pieces of skin," being disconnected or separate) between industry and education has not been fundamentally solved.
The social prejudice of "valuing academic credentials over skills" still exists. For a long time, the traditional concept of "those who excel in learning will become officials" (学而优则仕, xué ér yōu zé shì - "excel in learning, then take office," the idea that academic success leads to official position) has had a profound influence, and the social prejudice of "valuing academic credentials over skills" is deeply entrenched. In terms of remuneration, the income gap between skilled talent and management talent and professional technical talent is obvious, and the market return on skill value is insufficient. In terms of social status, technical workers, especially skilled laborers on the front line of production, receive relatively low social recognition and respect. This conceptual deviation leads to "credential worship" in educational choices, with a large number of students flooding into the general higher education track, vocational education lacking appeal, and a shortage of high-skilled talent supply. At the same time, employers over-rely on academic credentials as signals in recruitment and salary grading, further solidifying this prejudice and forming a self-reinforcing cycle of supply-demand mismatch.
Continuously Improving the Talent Cultivation Mechanism Adapted to the Needs of Economic and Social Development
In response to the above deep-seated reasons, it is necessary to systematically build a talent cultivation mechanism that can dynamically perceive demand, quickly respond to changes, and effectively coordinate multiple parties, promoting the adaptation of talent cultivation to the needs of economic and social development from passive lag to proactive precision.
Build a multi-source data-driven demand prediction and early warning mechanism. Establish a multi-dimensional talent demand monitoring system covering industries, sectors, and occupations, integrating multi-source data such as macroeconomic data, industry statistical surveys, online recruitment platform information, social security payment records, and enterprise annual reports, and use big data analysis and artificial intelligence technology to accurately assess the development trends of the scale, structure, and capabilities of talent demand. On this basis, build a talent supply-demand index by region, industry, and level, regularly issue talent demand reports, realize early warning of talent shortages and surpluses, provide timely and reliable scientific basis for the regulation of talent cultivation scale and structural adjustment, and shift planning decisions from experience-based judgment to data-driven decision-making.
Build an employment-oriented education quality assessment and resource allocation mechanism. Take the degree of adaptation between talent cultivation and economic and social development as the core indicator for measuring education quality, and promote the shift of education evaluation from "internal circulation" to "external recognition." In key links such as institutional evaluation, specialty evaluation, and degree program review, strengthen core indicators such as graduate employment rate, employment quality, and employment stability, and reduce the weight of internal indicators such as paper publication. Establish a mechanism for directly linking evaluation results with resource allocation such as fiscal appropriations, enrollment plans, project review, and the increase or decrease of degree programs, give resource preference to institutions and specialties with high adaptability, impose rigid constraints on those that are disconnected for a long time, form incentive-compatible institutional guidance, and guide training institutions to proactively connect with social needs.
Build a dynamic mechanism for the establishment and exit of disciplines and specialties. Reform the management system for the establishment of disciplines and specialties, expand the autonomous adjustment authority of training institutions, and enhance the speed of response of disciplines and specialties to industrial changes. Establish a dynamic catalog system for disciplines and specialties, and for emerging fields and interdisciplinary subjects outside the catalog, allow flexible establishment, rapid response, and pilot-first implementation. At the same time, improve the specialty early warning and exit mechanism, establish a specialty evaluation system including indicators such as employment rate, employment matching rate, employment stability, and salary level, and for specialties whose evaluation results fail to meet standards for several consecutive years, initiate exit procedures, forcibly reduce enrollment scale or revoke them, forming a dynamic adjustment closed loop of "there is entry and exit, survival of the fittest" (优胜劣汰, yōu shèng liè tài - "the superior win and the inferior are eliminated," survival of the fittest), ensuring that the structure of disciplines and specialties always resonates at the same frequency with the industrial structure (同频共振, tóng pín gòng zhèn - "same frequency, common resonance," being in sync with each other).
Build an industry-education collaborative education mechanism. Promote the transformation of industry-education integration from shallow cooperation to deep collaboration, and build a school-enterprise development community. At the standards level, establish institutional channels for industry enterprises to deeply participate in the formulation of talent cultivation plans and the development of competency standards, ensuring precise alignment between training specifications and job requirements. At the process level, comprehensively implement the modern apprenticeship system, the new enterprise apprenticeship system, and project-based teaching, with enterprises deeply involved in the full-process management of teaching implementation and internship practical training. At the resource level, support schools and enterprises in jointly building industrial colleges, technology R&D centers, industry-education integration training bases, and "dual-qualification teacher" training bases, open up two-way faculty flow channels, and realize the mutual sharing of resources such as equipment, cases, and projects. At the evaluation level, introduce industry certification and enterprise evaluation, so that the quality of talent cultivation is directly tested by the market.
Improve the lifelong vocational skill development mechanism. The acceleration of technological iteration makes one-time school education unable to meet lifelong career development needs, and it is necessary to establish a flexible and open lifelong vocational skill development system. Implement a personal learning account system, record and accumulate various learning outcomes, and realize the mutual recognition and interconnection between academic education and non-academic training. Promote the training voucher system, give workers the right to independently choose training content, training institutions, and training time, and enhance the competitiveness and flexibility of the training market. Encourage enterprises to establish internal skill grading systems and skill promotion channels, support vocational colleges and universities in opening up continuing education resources, provide high-quality skills training to society, form a skill development system running through the entire career cycle of workers, and make lifelong learning a conscious action and feasible choice for workers.
Creating a Talent Development Ecosystem Adapted to the Needs of Economic and Social Development over the Long Term
The smooth operation of dynamic mechanisms requires the support of a good institutional ecosystem. The realization of long-term adaptation must go beyond short-term adjustment at the mechanism level and build an institutional environment and cultural soil that supports the continuous development of talent and the continuous adaptation of supply and demand.
Improve the competency-based national qualifications framework. Breaking the long-standing talent evaluation and social selection mechanism of "credentials only" and "diplomas only" is an institutional arrangement for guiding the rational flow of human resources. The national qualifications framework is a hierarchy and common standard for measuring, communicating, and connecting various levels and types of educational qualifications and vocational qualifications, and is of great significance for comprehensively advancing the construction of a learning society and a learning nation. It is necessary to accelerate the construction of the national qualifications framework system, establish a system for the recognition, accumulation, and conversion of learning outcomes with educational qualifications and vocational qualifications as the core, clarify the horizontal correspondence and vertical articulation relationships among academic certificates, vocational qualification certificates, skill level certificates, and training certificates at various levels, and build a new paradigm of talent evaluation that is "competency-based and outcome-oriented."
Improve the cost-sharing and incentive-constraint mechanism for industry-education collaboration. Improve the cost-sharing mechanism for industry-education integration, reasonably divide the investment responsibilities of government, schools, and enterprises in collaborative education, and establish clear and transparent cost accounting and compensation methods. Increase fiscal and tax incentives, improve the pre-tax deduction policy for enterprise employee education funds, raise the deduction ratio, and simplify application procedures. For enterprises that deeply participate in industry-education integration, give substantive policy preference in financial credit, land security, government procurement, and project approval. Accelerate the legislative process for industry-education integration, clarify the rights, obligations, and interest protection of enterprises in participating in talent cultivation, so that incentives and constraints have laws to rely on and rules to follow, and fundamentally solve the worries of enterprises in participating in education.
Improve the market system for equal employment and skill premium. Reform the labor employment and salary distribution system, eliminate market discrimination based on academic credential status, and establish an employment evaluation mechanism oriented toward ability and performance. Improve the salary distribution guidelines for skilled talent, promote enterprises to establish wage units and salary growth mechanisms that reflect the value orientation of skills, form a market incentive of "skill premium," and let high skills obtain high returns. Smooth the career development channels for technical and skilled talent, break the institutional barriers between management positions and technical positions, and enable skilled talent to have predictable career advancement space and development prospects. Resolutely break down various hidden barriers, and implement equal guarantees for skilled talent in salary and remuneration, professional title evaluation, urban settlement, commendation and recognition, and recruitment for public institutions.
Cultivate a social cultural ecosystem that advocates skills. The effective operation of institutional mechanisms cannot be separated from the deep support of culture. Vigorously promote the spirit of model workers, the spirit of labor, and the spirit of craftsmanship, and enhance the social visibility and recognition of technical and skilled talent through various means such as public opinion publicity, selection of models, and honorary commendations. Systematically incorporate labor education and vocational experience into all stages of basic education, help students establish a diversified view of careers and success from an early age, and reverse the single credential-oriented educational value concept. Continue to run various vocational skill competitions and skill display activities well, create a strong social atmosphere in which labor is glorious, skills are precious, and creation is great, form a cultural ecosystem in which everyone can become talented and everyone can fully display their talents, and inject lasting and profound spiritual momentum into the long-term adaptation of talent cultivation and economic and social development.
Improving the adaptation mechanism between talent cultivation and the needs of economic and social development is a profound change involving conceptual transformation, institutional innovation, and systematic reconstruction. It cannot be accomplished overnight (一蹴而就, yī cù ér jiù - "accomplished in one step," achieved at a single stroke), and requires persistent and long-term effort (久久为功, jiǔ jiǔ wéi gōng - "persist for a long time to achieve success," sustained effort over time), continuously promoting the talent cultivation system and economic and social development toward mutual promotion and coordinated progress, providing an inexhaustible supply of high-quality talent support for high-quality development and Chinese-style modernization.
(The author is the President of the Chinese Academy of Personnel Science)
Return to TopQuestion: Wu Bo (吴波), Vice President of Shanghai Third Intermediate People's Court (上海市第三中级人民法院)
The 19th Party Congress incorporated the Party's political construction into the overall layout of Party building and placed it first. The 20th Party Congress further clarified "using the Party's political construction to lead all work of Party building." Xi Jinping's thought on Party building takes "adhering to the leadership of the Party's political construction" as one of the "Fourteen Persistences" (十四个坚持). The question is: how should we understand the necessity of adhering to using the Party's political construction to lead all work of Party building?
Interpretation: Dai Yanjun (戴焰军), Professor at the Department of Party Building Teaching and Research, Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance) (中央党校（国家行政学院）)
Political issues are, at all times, fundamental major issues. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Party's political construction is the Party's fundamental construction, determining the direction and effectiveness of Party building. If the Party's political construction is not pursued, or if it deviates from the direction indicated by the Party's political construction, the Party's other constructions will find it difficult to achieve expected results. The 19th Party Congress incorporated the Party's political construction into the overall layout of Party building and placed it first. The 20th Party Congress further clarified "using the Party's political construction to lead all work of Party building." Xi Jinping's thought on Party building takes "adhering to the leadership of the Party's political construction" as one of its core principles and clarifies it as a fundamental requirement for Party building in the new era. This is an important conclusion formed by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, which profoundly summarized the historical experience of Party building, comprehensively analyzed the new situations, new problems, and new tasks facing Party building, and creatively developed the Marxist theory of Party building.
Political construction concerns the Party's political stance and political direction.
The Party's political stance and political direction embody the Party's essential attributes. The fundamental reason why the Communist Party of China has been able to overcome various difficulties and enemies in more than one hundred years of historical development and continuously advance from victory to victory is that it has always adhered to the correct political stance, always stood on the side of the broadest masses of the people, and thus obtained their heartfelt support and endorsement; it is that it has always adhered to the correct political direction, conformed to the trends of social and historical development and the laws of social development, and unswervingly striven for the realization of the communist goal, thus rallying a large number of organization members with firm political beliefs and ideals, forming a courageous and forward-charging fighting force capable of withstanding various tests. Historical experience tells us that the Party's political stance and political direction are the primary issues for the Party's survival and development, bearing on the Party's future and destiny and the success or failure of its cause.
A correct political stance and political direction are not formed naturally, nor can one rest easy once they are formed. They are the fruits of the Party's political construction and also need to be continuously maintained and consolidated through the Party's political construction. Due to the complexity of the external environment in which the Party survives and develops and the arduousness of the historical mission the Party bears, various problems within the Party that may affect the Party's political stance and political direction in certain aspects and at certain links will occur frequently. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, the "seven have" (七个有之) phenomena in reality — namely, there are those who practice 任人唯亲 (rèn rén wéi qīn - "appoint only relatives," appoint people by favoritism) and exclude dissidents; there are those who form cliques and gangs and pull together factions; there are those who engage in anonymous denunciation and fabricate rumors; there are those who buy popularity and pull votes; there are those who promise official positions and engage in 弹冠相庆 (tán guān xiāng qìng - "flick caps and congratulate each other," celebrating each other's advancement through improper means); there are those who act with 自行其是 (zì xíng qí shì - "act as one deems right," act on one's own judgment) and practice 阳奉阴违 (yáng fèng yīn wéi - "overtly comply, covertly oppose," agree in public but oppose in private); and there are those who are 尾大不掉 (wěi dà bù diào - "tail too big to wag," subordinate forces too powerful to control) and recklessly comment on the Central Committee — are typical manifestations of such problems. How to effectively solve such problems and overcome such phenomena to ensure that the Party always stands on the correct stance and adheres to the correct direction — strengthening the Party's political construction, especially reinforcing the Party's political discipline and political rules, is the fundamental path.
During the Yan'an period, Mao Zedong explicitly proposed the political discipline of the "four subordinations" (四个服从) at the Party's Sixth Central Committee Sixth Plenary Session and put it into practice, effectively resolving major problems affecting the Party's political stance and political direction. Since the 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the Party's political construction and reaffirmed the Party's political discipline. As he pointed out, the requirement is that "cadres at all levels, especially leading cadres, must be good at seeing problems from a political perspective, firmly stand on the correct stance, and grasp the correct direction." The Party's historical experience, especially the experience of comprehensively governing the Party strictly since the 18th Party Congress, tells us that as a Marxist ruling party that has been in power for a long time under conditions of market economy and reform and opening up, only by placing political construction first can the Party be guaranteed to always stand on the correct political stance and advance along the correct political direction.
Political construction is the fundamental guarantee of the Party's unity and solidarity.
The Party's unity and solidarity are the life of the Party. The Communist Party of China is the world's largest ruling party. The historical task the Party bears of leading a major country with a population of more than 1.4 billion to realize Chinese-style modernization is also an arduous and complex task never before seen in human history. To achieve the established goals on schedule, it is necessary to ensure the Party's high degree of unity and solidarity, achieving 同心同德 (tóng xīn tóng dé - "one heart, one virtue," united in purpose and action) and 万众一心 (wàn zhòng yī xīn - "ten thousand people, one heart," all united as one), and it is necessary to ensure the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, achieving the whole Party's unity of pace and unity of action.
After the 18th Party Congress, the Party Central Committee explicitly required the whole Party to firmly establish political consciousness, overall-situation consciousness, core consciousness, and alignment consciousness, and unswervingly safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership. This is precisely to better bring into play the fundamental guaranteeing role of the Party's political construction in maintaining the Party's unity and solidarity and maintaining the Party Central Committee's centralized, unified leadership.
Strengthening political consciousness requires Party members and cadres to maintain firm political resolve and further consolidate the ideological foundation for safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee and maintaining the Party's unity and solidarity. It requires truly establishing, from thought and understanding, a profound identification with the Party, the Party Central Committee, and the Party's leadership core, and making the maintenance of the Party's unity and solidarity and the Party Central Committee's centralized, unified leadership one's conscious action.
Strengthening overall-situation consciousness requires Party members and cadres to always adhere to the "four subordinations," strictly observe the Party's political discipline, and firmly grasp the basic principle of resolutely maintaining the Party's unity and solidarity and safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee. It requires understanding and handling problems from the overall perspective of Party building and the development of the Party's cause, so that all our work always focuses on the overall situation, keeps the overall situation in view, reflects the overall situation, and submits to the overall situation. It requires truly unifying the work of one's own department and unit with the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, achieving the subordination of the part to the whole, the subordination of the small situation to the big situation, and the subordination of small principles to great principles, not losing direction in various complex circumstances, not being swayed by gains and losses of the part and the small situation, and not being entangled by losses of immediate interests.
Strengthening core consciousness requires Party members and cadres to always safeguard the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping, and to clearly recognize that for such a large Party and such a large country as ours, without the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee and without a strong central authority, unimaginably serious consequences would occur. Historical experience tells us that whenever the authority of the Party Central Committee is established and the unity and solidarity of the whole Party is guaranteed, the cause of the Party and the people flourishes; whenever the authority of the Party Central Committee is damaged and the unity and solidarity of the Party is damaged, the cause of the Party and the people suffers setbacks. Therefore, Party members and cadres should make establishing core consciousness and safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee their conscious action.
Strengthening alignment consciousness requires Party members and cadres to always align with the Party Central Committee. Alignment is a fine tradition of our Party and also the key to the successful development of the Party's cause. As early as the preparatory meeting for the Party's Seventh National Congress during the Yan'an period, Mao Zedong used the metaphor of military drill formation to vividly discuss the importance of alignment, requiring the whole Party to align with the central benchmark and align with the benchmark of the Congress. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that the whole Party should align with the Party Central Committee. Because only when the whole Party achieves alignment can the smooth implementation of central government orders be ensured, can orders be ensured to be carried out and prohibitions ensured to be observed, and can the Party's high degree of unity and solidarity be ensured.
Strengthening the Party's political construction means, through continuously reinforcing the Party's political discipline and political rules, continuously purifying the political ecosystem within the Party, continuously improving the political discernment of Party members and cadres and their political consciousness in maintaining the Party's unity and solidarity, promptly eliminating and overcoming various negative factors within the Party that harm the Party's unity and solidarity, and promptly correcting various deviations that affect the whole Party's alignment with the Party Central Committee and affect the Party's unity and solidarity. Therefore, political construction is the fundamental guarantee of the Party's unity and solidarity.
Political construction holds a leading position in the work of Party building.
In his report to the 20th Party Congress, when elaborating on the relationships among various aspects of Party building, General Secretary Xi Jinping also emphatically stressed using the Party's political construction to lead all work of Party building. Carefully comprehending the profound implications of these statements is of extremely important significance for us to further advance the great new project of Party building in the new era.
The important position of political construction in Party building lies in its fundamental role; it is where the vitality of Party building resides. The Party itself is a political organization; the Communist Party of China is an advanced political organization of Marxism. The primary criterion for measuring whether a political organization is advanced is the political criterion, namely, the goals it strives for, the fundamental interests it represents, the political stance it embodies, and the political tendencies and political qualities of its organization members, because these aspects determine the nature of the Party. When we judge what kind of party a political party is, we judge it on the basis of these fundamental aspects. Therefore, the ultimate effectiveness reflected in all aspects of Party building is to ensure the Party's political advancement and purity. And the most important condition for ensuring that our Marxist party can forever remain unchanged in nature and forever maintain its original aspiration is the Party's political construction. The fundamental role of the Party's political construction is to solve various political problems existing within the Party and to solve various problems within the Party that may affect the Party's political attributes.
The fundamental nature of political construction's role in Party building determines that its requirements must necessarily run through all aspects of Party building work and play a leading role in all aspects of construction. The 19th Party Congress further clarified the overall layout of Party building in the new era, including seven aspects: the Party's political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, work-style construction, discipline construction, institutional construction, and the fight against corruption. This is a scientific deployment made by our Party in accordance with the new requirements for advancing the great new project of Party building under new historical conditions. Obviously, each aspect of Party building has its own focus of work and key objectives for solving problems. However, if we carefully analyze these work contents with their focuses and key objectives, it is not difficult to discover that a common requirement runs through all of them — that is, the political requirement. In ideological construction, the first priority is to adhere to the arming of scientific theory and ensure the correct political direction; in organizational construction, the first priority is to ensure the political quality and political capability of the cadre contingent and ensure the political function and organizational function of Party organizations are brought into play; in work-style construction, the first priority is to ensure the Party's political stance of closely connecting with the masses; in discipline construction, the first priority is to ensure the implementation of the Party's political discipline; in institutional construction, the first priority is to ensure the implementation of the Party's political life regulations and the Party's democratic centralism; in the fight against corruption, the first priority is to investigate and handle various cases where political problems and economic problems are intertwined. The requirements of political construction are embodied in all aspects of Party building, and political construction has a leading role over all aspects of Party building. Only by better bringing into play this leading role can we achieve 纲举目张 (gāng jǔ mù zhāng - "when the main rope is lifted, the net opens," grasp the key link and everything falls into place), enabling all aspects of Party building work to achieve greater results.
Return to TopBy: 李庆元
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "To comprehensively advance rural revitalization, it is necessary to base ourselves on distinctive resources, adhere to developing agriculture through science and technology, develop new industries and new business forms such as rural tourism and leisure agriculture in light of local conditions, connect production, processing and marketing, integrate agriculture, culture and tourism, promote the growth and expansion of rural industries, and enable farmers to share more of the value-added benefits of industry." The 2026 Central Document No. 1 further incorporated "deepening the integration of agriculture, culture and tourism, and advancing the upgrading and enhancement of rural tourism" into the overall strategic deployment for rural revitalization. This top-level design profoundly responds to the inherent laws of rural development. The essence of agriculture-culture-tourism integration lies in the deep coupling of the three major industrial systems of agriculture, culture and tourism, with agriculture providing the scenes, culture endowing the soul, and tourism opening up the market. The three empower one another, pushing traditional agriculture to expand from a single production function toward multiple value functions, giving rise to new business forms such as leisure agriculture and the experience economy, and impelling the rural economy to leap from a product economy to a service economy and an experience economy. It is precisely on the basis of this logic that deepening agriculture-culture-tourism integration has become an effective path for activating agricultural resources, increasing farmers' incomes, inheriting local culture, and solidly advancing the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.
Strengthen the leading role of Party building and consolidate the organizational foundation for comprehensive rural revitalization. In handling the affairs of the people well, the key lies in strengthening the construction of rural grassroots Party organizations, giving play to the role of Party branches as fighting fortresses and the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members, leading the masses in developing the economy and doing a good job of rural governance. Grassroots Party organizations are the foundation of all the Party's work and combat effectiveness in rural areas, and are also the mainstay and "leading geese" in promoting the integrated development of agriculture, culture and tourism. The essence of the rural cultural tourism industry lies in its deep integration spanning the agricultural foundation, cultural resources, ecological environment and the tourism consumption market. This cross-industry, cross-field integration characteristic places higher demands on resource integration, interest coordination and direction control, making it urgently necessary to give play to the coordinating role of Party building leadership. In advancing the integrated development of agriculture, culture and tourism, it is necessary to uphold the leading role of Party building, firmly establish the clear orientation of placing great emphasis on grassroots work, give prominent position to strengthening the construction of rural grassroots Party organizations, enhance the political functions and organizational functions of rural grassroots Party organizations, and provide a fundamental guarantee for deepening agriculture-culture-tourism integration, developing rural tourism, and solidly advancing comprehensive rural revitalization. In practice, adhere to deeply integrating Party building work into all fields and all links of agriculture-culture-tourism integrated development, pool the joint Party building strength of the county, township and village levels, and transform the Party's political advantages, organizational advantages and institutional advantages into developmental advantages for advancing comprehensive rural revitalization. Build a Party building model in which Party branches are established on the industrial chain, Party members are gathered on the industrial chain, and the masses become prosperous on the industrial chain, promote the resonance of the Party building chain and the industrial chain at the same frequency, and paint a vivid picture in which Party branches become strong, Party members take action, and the masses become prosperous.
Respect the pioneering spirit of the masses and activate endogenous momentum with farmers as the main body. Farmers are the core participants in and direct beneficiaries of agriculture-culture-tourism integrated development, and whether their principal position can be fully manifested directly determines the quality and sustainability of integrated development. In developing modern distinctive agriculture and the cultural tourism industry, it is necessary to implement the people-centered development philosophy and place the protection of farmers' interests first. The core front of agriculture-culture-tourism integration is in rural areas, the core subjects are farmers, and the greatest beneficiaries should also be the broad masses of farmers. From the perspective of endogenous development theory, the fundamental driving force of rural development lies in the supply of endogenous forces, including a series of original elements that are endogenous to the village and drive village development, such as villagers' local identity, degree of participation, and the village's organizational structure. The fundamental driving force for the sustainability of rural tourism lies precisely in the effective stimulation and sustained supply of this endogenous momentum. In advancing agriculture-culture-tourism integration, it is necessary to pay attention to strengthening ideological guidance, awakening farmers' consciousness as subjects, make efforts to stimulate the broad masses of farmers' enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, enable villagers' ideas, ways of life and mental outlook to conform to the requirements of agriculture-culture-tourism integrated development and modernization, and promote the transformation of farmers from bystanders into operators, participants and promoters of rural tourism. Establish an industrial mindset, guide farmers to develop distinctive projects such as tie-dye experiences, kiln-baked pastries and home-brewed liquor in light of their own strengths, and after systematic training become operators and managers of rural homestays, distinctive catering and tea and coffee shops. Deeply excavate the life scenes, family memories and folk stories of ordinary farming households, so that the daily life and traditional skills of every household become core content of cultural tourism products.
Innovate operation models and enhance resource efficiency through professional management. The rich cultural tourism resources of rural areas have long faced the predicament of low-efficiency idleness and insufficient conversion and utilization, and the low operation level of agriculture-culture-tourism projects and the mismatch between input and output have become bottlenecks constraining high-quality development. To solve this problem, it is necessary to rely on the distinctive resources of agriculture and rural areas and seek benefits from developing the multiple functions of agriculture and excavating the multiple values of rural areas. From the perspective of industrial integration theory, the factors promoting the mutual integration of various industries can be understood from two aspects: technological innovation on the supply side and individualized needs on the demand side. This requires that rural operation pay attention to both supply-side innovation-driven development and respond to changes in market demand. Rural operation takes market-oriented intervention as the main means to transform rural resources into developmental advantages. In advancing agriculture-culture-tourism integration, pay attention to revitalizing resources, systematically sort out idle land, old houses and ecological spaces in rural areas, strengthen unified planning and scientific organization, incorporate creative concepts and aesthetic design, and transform sleeping, low-efficiency and idle resources into consumption spaces, consumption business forms and consumption products that meet market demand. New-type operating entities and companies with village collective shareholding economic cooperatives, operating companies, villagers and social parties as the main bodies are responsible for operating and managing the operational facilities invested in by the government, serve as the engine of village collective economic development, drive farmers and social parties attracted through investment promotion to revitalize villagers' idle assets, enhance the value of village collective assets, and achieve a high degree of integration between project construction and rural development.
Improve the distribution mechanism and guarantee farmers' income increases through interest linkages. Enabling farmers to increase their incomes steadily and sustainably is the fundamental starting point and ultimate goal of agriculture-culture-tourism integrated development, and a scientific and reasonable interest linkage mechanism is the institutional guarantee for achieving this goal. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to "adhere to making the increase of farmers' incomes the central task of the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and "explore the establishment of a more effective and more long-term interest linkage mechanism to ensure that fellow villagers continue to benefit." The ultimate goal of every household having a business form and every household having a scene lies in everyone having an income, enabling farmers to increase their incomes steadily and sustainably. The essential pursuit of agriculture-culture-tourism project construction is to enable the fruits of development to truly benefit the broad masses of farmers and enable the people to live better lives. Building a reasonable income distribution mechanism is the cornerstone for the steady progress of agriculture-culture-tourism integration. Scientifically plan and construct agriculture-culture-tourism projects, base ourselves on the existing resource endowments of rural areas, adhere to integrated planning and construction, integrated renovation and upgrading, and integrated operation and management, and promote agriculture-culture-tourism projects to be matched, integrated and compatible with surrounding villages and stockaded villages. Give full play to the maximum benefit of funds and the maximum effectiveness of projects, and create new products, new business forms and new scenes for rural tourism and sojourning. Build a community of interests linking agriculture and farmers, innovate the interest linkage mechanism linking agriculture and farmers, and achieve a multi-win pattern of industrial development, enterprise profitability, farmers' income increases and collective growth. Comprehensively expand new channels for increasing farmers' incomes, open up the transformation path of resources becoming assets, funds becoming shares, and farmers becoming shareholders, deeply combine agriculture-culture-tourism development with the management of the "three assets" of rural collectives, and support and guarantee farmers in obtaining income through multiple means such as land transfer, housing shareholding, employment and labor, and product consignment sales. (The author is the Party Secretary of Pu'er City, Yunnan Province)
Return to TopBy: 何光彩
Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, as the Party-building chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, has opened a new realm in the Sinicization and modernization of Marxist Party-building theory and serves as the fundamental guideline for strengthening Party building in the new era. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly elucidated the directional and fundamental issues in strengthening Party building in institutions of higher education, providing the fundamental guideline for advancing Party building in colleges and universities. As the main battleground for fostering virtue through education, the high ground of ideological theory, and the frontline position of ideology, institutions of higher education bear the major mission of educating people for the Party and cultivating talent for the country. They must take the lead, set examples, and establish benchmarks in studying, publicizing, and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, firmly grasp the political, people-centered, and strategic attributes of education, and answer the era-defining question of "what should institutions of higher education do in building a strong country."
Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building is the scientific guide for strengthening Party building in institutions of higher education
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to Party building in institutions of higher education. General Secretary Xi Jinping has successively made a series of important expositions, which constitute the concrete unfolding and practical extension of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building in the field of higher education, elevating our Party's understanding of the laws governing Party building in colleges and universities to a new height, and providing the fundamental guideline for advancing Party building in colleges and universities in the new era and for running socialist universities with Chinese characteristics under the Party's leadership.
It profoundly elucidates the correct direction in running schools that institutions of higher education must uphold. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that to run China's higher education well, we must uphold the Party's leadership, firmly grasp the Party's leadership over the work of colleges and universities, and make institutions of higher education a strong bastion for upholding the Party's leadership. The Party committees of colleges and universities bear the primary responsibility for governing the Party and running the schools, must strengthen the Party's overall leadership over the schools, fulfill the duties of setting the direction, managing the overall situation, making decisions, building the leadership team, leading the staff, and ensuring implementation, and effectively transform the Party's political, organizational, and institutional advantages into the governance effectiveness of modern universities, ensuring that all undertakings advance in the direction of socialist education.
It profoundly elucidates the fundamental task of running schools that institutions of higher education must implement. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out during his inspection at Peking University that the effectiveness of fostering virtue through education should be taken as the fundamental criterion for testing all work of the school. What colleges and universities cultivate are future academic leaders, industry pacesetters, and backbone forces of society. They must integrate Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building throughout the entire process of fostering virtue through education, weave ideological and political education into the disciplinary system, teaching system, textbook system, and management system, and promote Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era entering textbooks, entering classrooms, and entering minds. They must adhere to the guidance of Marxism, accelerate the construction of China's independent knowledge system, strictly implement the responsibility system for ideological work, firmly grasp the leadership, management, and discourse power over ideological work, answer well the fundamental question of education—"what kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom to cultivate them"—and attend to the great plan of ensuring successors for the cause.
It profoundly elucidates the fundamental guarantee for running schools that institutions of higher education must consolidate. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Party's strength comes from its organization, and the Party's overall leadership and all its work must be realized through the Party's strong organizational system. Party organizations in colleges and universities bear the important responsibility of implementing the Party's line, principles, and policies in the field of higher education. They must adhere to building up the grassroots and strengthening the foundations, reinforce the political and organizational functions of grassroots Party organizations, fully leverage the important role of Party building in setting the right direction, integrating resources, and providing support and guarantees, effectively implement key tasks such as optimizing and adjusting disciplinary structures, independently cultivating top-tier innovative talents, strengthening basic research and tackling key core technologies, and flourishing the development of philosophy and social sciences, promote the deep integration of Party building and professional work, and effectively serve national strategies.
It profoundly elucidates the people-centered stance that institutions of higher education must uphold. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the education powerhouse we aim to build is ultimately education that satisfies the people. Colleges and universities must adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, adjust the scale of school operation in response to changes in the age structure of the school-age population, continuously improve the quality of education, enable high-quality educational resources to benefit all the people more fairly and extensively, and consolidate the foundation of people's livelihood for a strong education country. They must adhere to the Party's mass line in the new era, closely rely on and serve teachers and students, focus on the urgent and difficult problems of teachers and students, transmit the warmth of Party organizations to every teacher and student, smooth the channels for teachers and students to participate democratically in school governance, fully stimulate the vitality of school operation, and promote high-quality connotative development.
It profoundly elucidates the strategic resolve for self-reform that institutions of higher education must maintain. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that daring to engage in self-reform is the most distinctive character of our Party and also its greatest strength. Party organizations in colleges and universities, as the foundation of all the Party's work and combat effectiveness in institutions of higher education, must always maintain the sobriety and firmness of being "always on the road," adhere to running the Party and governing the schools with the spirit of reform and strict standards. They must tighten the primary responsibilities of Party organizations at both the university and college levels, the supervisory responsibility of discipline inspection commissions, the first-responsibility of secretaries, the "dual responsibilities for one post" of leadership team members, and the specific responsibilities of Party members and cadres, adhere to governing the Party through institutions and regulations, persistently rectify the "four forms of decadence" (formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance), lead the school spirit, academic atmosphere, and teacher ethics toward goodness and upward development with a sound Party conduct, purify in an integrated manner the political, academic, and educational ecology of the campus, and build a solid barrier of conduct and discipline for building world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.
Drawing valuable experience in leading development through Party building from Peking University's red history
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that Peking University was the center of the New Culture Movement and the birthplace of the May Fourth Movement, was the first to disseminate Marxist thought in China, and is also the historical witness of our Party's early revolutionary activities in Beijing, holding an important position in the founding of the Party. Throughout its long course of struggle, the red bloodline has been deeply integrated into Peking University's genes of running the school. The lofty ideals and firm convictions of the revolutionary predecessors are the most precious spiritual nourishment for the people of Peking University. Generations of Peking University people have listened to the Party, felt gratitude toward the Party, and followed the Party, bravely undertaking their missions in the great practices of revolution, construction, reform, and the new era, exploring and accumulating historical experience in rallying strength through the great founding spirit of the Party and leading high-quality development through high-quality Party building.
Adhere to carrying forward the soul of Marxism. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it was precisely during their work or study at Peking University that the main founders of the Communist Party of China and some early famous activists began to read Marxist works, disseminate Marxism, and promoted the establishment of the Communist Party of China. This is the pride of Peking University and also its glory. On the eve of the founding of the Party, revolutionary pioneers such as Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, based at Peking University, relied on publications such as New Youth to translate, introduce, and disseminate Marxism, opened theoretical study classrooms in the Red Building of Peking University, and cultivated the first batch of young backbone forces in China who believed in Marxism. During the revolutionary era, Party organizations at Peking University continuously organized teachers and students to study revolutionary theory and led the patriotic national salvation movement with advanced thought. After the founding of New China, Peking University took the lead in carrying out Marxist theory education and teaching. During the reform and opening-up period, it established the School of Marxism and continued to deepen research and interpretation of the Party's innovative theories. The practice of more than one hundred years of researching and disseminating Marxism profoundly demonstrates that theoretical arming is the primary task of Party building in institutions of higher education. Only by steadfastly upholding the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics can we rally the ideological consensus of teachers and students to strive together and ensure that school governance does not deviate or go astray.
Adhere to devoting ourselves to the great cause of national rejuvenation under the guidance of the Party's banner. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that world-class universities all grow up in the course of serving their own country's development. For more than one hundred years, generations of Peking University people have always shared the same destiny with the motherland and the people, advanced together with the times and society, and made important contributions on all fronts. During the period of the new-democratic revolution, teachers and students of Peking University held high the banner of "patriotism, progress, democracy, and science" and devoted themselves to the patriotic national salvation movement. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, Peking University resolutely responded to the call of the Party Central Committee, organized teachers and students to participate in the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" national defense undertaking, tackle the synthesis of crystalline bovine insulin, and independently develop million-level computers, fully supporting national industrialization construction and the development of science and technology. Since the reform and opening up, teachers and students of Peking University have stood at the forefront of the times, sounding the powerful call of "unite and revitalize China." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Peking University has fully implemented the Party's educational policy, run the university rooted in the Chinese soil, grasped the "three fundamental tasks" proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping during his inspection at Peking University, forged ahead with reform and innovation, and opened up a new situation in Party building and "Double First-Class" construction. History fully demonstrates that institutions of higher education must adhere to running the Party's leadership through the entire process of disciplinary construction, talent cultivation, and scientific research, so as to better transform the effectiveness of Party building into practical results in serving national strategies.
Adhere to casting souls and educating people with the red bloodline. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the Party's history should be better integrated into textbooks, classrooms, and minds, and the important role of Party history in fostering virtue through education should be fully utilized. Peking University fully leverages the function of Party history and school history in providing reference for governance and educating people, inspires young people to devote themselves to the great cause of rejuvenation with the deeds of revolutionary predecessors, relies on platforms such as the Red Building of Peking University to build regular on-site teaching bases, offers red study tour courses, and organizes youth theoretical propaganda teams, continuously transforming the Party's founding history and Peking University's red traditions into vivid teaching materials for ideal and conviction education. Party building work in institutions of higher education should make good use of their own red resource endowments, promote the integration of Party history and school history learning into ideological and political education, guide young teachers and students to profoundly understand from the course of more than one hundred years of struggle why the Communist Party of China can succeed, why Marxism works, and why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good, and consolidate the ideological foundation of listening to the Party, feeling gratitude toward the Party, and following the Party.
Adhere to relying on grassroots Party organizations to rally strength for progress. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the Party's foundation lies in the people, its bloodline lies in the people, and its strength lies in the people. Since its birth, the Party organization at Peking University has been deeply rooted among teachers and students, always adhering to the fundamental stance of relying on and serving teachers and students. In the early days of the Party's founding, the Beijing Communist Group took root among young teachers and students to carry out organizational mobilization and develop Party members among progressive youth. Over more than one hundred years, the school has actively innovated the coverage system of Party organizations and Party work in light of historical circumstances and the trends of the times, and solidly carried out political guidance and political absorption of high-level talents and young teachers and students. In the new era, the school has continuously promoted the standardized and normalized construction of Party branches, and in the face of the urgent and difficult problems of teachers and students, Party organizations at all levels have taken the initiative to serve and solve problems, continuously building strong political cores and fighting fortresses that promote the development of the school's cause. Practice has fully proven that grassroots Party organizations in institutions of higher education are the foundation of all the Party's work and combat effectiveness and the core link connecting teachers and students. Only by continuously enhancing the political centripetal force and organizational cohesion of grassroots Party organizations can we closely unite the broad masses of teachers and students around the Party and rally the mighty force to promote the development of the school's cause.
Opening up a new situation of high-quality Party building leading the construction of world-class universities
Strengthening the Party's leadership over institutions of higher education and strengthening and improving Party building in colleges and universities are the fundamental guarantee for running socialist universities with Chinese characteristics. Standing at the new journey of Chinese-style modernization, Peking University will adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, uphold the Party's leadership, strengthen Party building, deeply advance comprehensive strict governance of the Party, inherit the red genes, anchor the goal of being the first to enter the forefront of world-class universities, coordinate efforts in consolidating theory, strengthening organizations, strictly governing the Party, and promoting integration, and accelerate the path of building a new road for world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.
Consolidate the ideological foundation and solidly grasp theoretical arming on a regular and long-term basis. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that to run our colleges and universities well, we must adhere to the guidance of Marxism and fully implement the Party's educational policy. In studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, the primary task is to strengthen theoretical arming and promote the Party's innovative theories entering the mind, the heart, and practice. Strictly implement the "first agenda item" system, incorporate Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, the important speech of General Secretary Xi Jinping at the celebration of the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, and the spirit of the National Party Building Work Symposium into the core content of Party committee theoretical learning center group studies and required courses for cadre education and training, and strengthen the ideological and theoretical arming of leadership teams and cadre teams. Design learning carriers by category and level for faculty, students, and united front groups, covering pre-service training for new faculty, national conditions study programs for young teachers, the first lesson of the semester, themed Party and League Day activities, and special study sessions for non-Party personnel, achieving full coverage of theoretical learning. Comprehensively integrate Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building into the core curriculum system of ideological and political courses, develop high-quality propaganda courses, rely on the unique red position of the Red Building of Peking University to carry out regular on-site teaching and red study practice, and promote the Party's innovative theories entering textbooks, classrooms, and minds.
Deepen theoretical interpretation and build a strong research highland for Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project is the foundational and strategic project of the Party's ideological and theoretical construction. Adhere to taking the research on Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building as the first priority in the construction of the first-level discipline of the history and theory of the Communist Party of China and Party building, carry out in-depth research around the iconic major concepts, original ideological viewpoints, and principled theoretical achievements of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, accelerate the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences, and contribute to enriching and developing the Sinicized and modernized Marxist Party-building theoretical system. Conduct in-depth research on the excellent qualities of the Communist Party of China, systematically excavate and organize the historical materials of Peking University's early research and dissemination of Marxism, sort out the development context of the school history resonating with Party building, and form research results with profound Peking University heritage and distinct Chinese characteristics. Improve the talent cultivation system for the discipline of Party history and Party building, strengthen the faculty team for Party history and Party building research, cultivate a number of firm young Marxist theory researchers and disseminators, and make high-level talent reserves for deepening the research and interpretation of the Party's innovative theories.
Build a strong organizational system and deeply advance comprehensive strict governance of the Party. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that to realize the Party's missions and tasks on the new journey of the new era, Party building and organizational work must make new contributions and new achievements. Grassroots Party organizations are the foundation of all the Party's work and combat effectiveness in institutions of higher education, and must implement the general requirements for Party building in the new era and build Party organizations at all levels to be stronger and more effective. Improve the three-level Party building responsibility list and reporting, evaluation, and assessment mechanism of the university, colleges, and Party branches, continuously advance the cultivation and creation actions of Party building benchmark colleges and model Party branches, and ensure the tangible and effective coverage of grassroots Party organizations. Adhere to the Party managing cadres, establish a clear orientation for selecting and appointing personnel, carry out regular political training and professional capability training for cadres, and comprehensively improve the professional level of the cadre team. Strictly implement the responsibility system for ideological work, strictly manage all types of propaganda and ideological positions, and firmly guard the frontline defense of ideological security in institutions of higher education. Strive to build a comprehensive supervision pattern of the school, closely focus on key areas such as enrollment and admission, infrastructure projects, research funding management, and material procurement to carry out regular supervision, deepen the promotion of case-based reform and case-based governance, and promote the implementation of all requirements for comprehensive strict governance of the Party.
Take root in the Chinese soil and promote the deep integration of Party building and career development. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that we must unswervingly uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership over institutions of higher education, continuously strengthen and improve Party building in colleges and universities, and promote the deep integration of Party building in colleges and universities with the development of higher education. Adhere to and improve the president responsibility system under the leadership of the Party committee, closely focus on the formulation and implementation of the school's "15th Five-Year Plan" development plan, and systematically embed Party building work into key tasks such as disciplinary construction, talent cultivation, and scientific research tackling. Deeply implement the principle of the Party managing talent, strengthen political guidance and political absorption, improve the whole-chain working mechanism for the introduction, cultivation, evaluation, and service of top talents and young talents, and continuously gather high-level faculty from around the world. Strengthen organized research around major national strategic needs, embed the Party's organizational system and work system into the entire process of research project application, team tackling, and achievement transformation, rely on Party building to break down disciplinary barriers and bottlenecks in collaborative innovation, and concentrate efforts on basic research and tackling key core technologies. Adhere to laying foundations and seeking long-term benefits, systematically sort out the shortcomings and weaknesses in Party governance and school governance, improve institutional mechanisms, strengthen institutional implementation, coordinate the advancement of key tasks in school reform, development, and stability, transform the effectiveness of studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building into a powerful driving force for overcoming difficulties and undertaking entrepreneurship, and write the chapter of struggle for Peking University Communists in the new era for comprehensively building a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernization.
(The author is the Party Secretary of Peking University)
Return to TopSince the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to coordinated regional development, especially cross-regional industrial collaboration. At the 2025 Central Economic Work Conference, he emphasized the need to strengthen coordinated linkage among key city clusters, improve mechanisms such as planning coordination, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing, implement the National Industrial Transfer and Development Enhancement Project, and deepen cross-administrative-region cooperation. Industrial collaboration is an important component of coordinated regional development and an important measure for optimizing resource allocation and enhancing China's economic resilience. Centering on promoting cross-regional industrial collaboration and optimizing the layout, the High-end Think Tank Edition of Study Times conducts in-depth discussion.
Return to TopBy: 李国平
The "15th Five-Year Plan" outline proposes optimizing the regional economic layout and promoting coordinated regional development. This is a major deployment made on the basis of the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and it clarifies the direction for optimizing the layout of major productive forces and building a regional economic system with complementary advantages and high-quality development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period. Horizontal differentiated development is a criterion for regional industrial layout proposed from the spatial dimension, whose purpose is to form differentiated industrial development positioning on the basis of fully leveraging one's own comparative advantages, avoiding homogenized competition and low-level redundant construction. Vertical division of labor and collaboration is the deepening and extension of regional industrial division of labor along the industrial chain dimension, placing greater emphasis on optimizing industrial spatial allocation from the value chain dimension, with each region relying on its own advantages to undertake functions at different links of the industrial chain, forming a cross-regional vertical division of labor and highly efficient collaborative system, ultimately enhancing the resilience and efficiency of the entire industrial chain and supply chain. Exploring the formation of a regional industrial development pattern featuring horizontal differentiated development and vertical division of labor and collaboration has important theoretical value and practical significance for enriching China's regional development theory and promoting high-quality regional economic development.
Promoting the formation of a regional industrial development pattern featuring horizontal differentiated development and vertical division of labor and collaboration is an important lever for adapting to changes in China's development stage, resolving the structural contradictions in current coordinated regional development, and supporting the construction of Chinese-style modernization. From the perspective of the international competitive landscape, the trend of anti-globalization is rising, global industrial and supply chains have entered a period of deep restructuring, and regionalization and nearshoring characteristics are becoming increasingly evident. China's industrial development faces the dual squeeze of "high-end回流" (high-end回流) from developed countries and "mid-to-low-end diversion" from developing countries, and enhancing the overall resilience and competitiveness of the industrial chain and supply chain has become urgently necessary. Moreover, industrial competition has shifted from competition among individual enterprises and individual products to overall competition among industrial chain clusters and regional industrial systems. Only by promoting different regions to form differentiated development and division of labor and collaboration based on their own comparative advantages can China fully leverage its super-large market advantages and complete industrial system advantages, transforming spatial scale advantages into overall competitive advantages of the industrial chain. As the new round of global technological revolution and industrial transformation advances in depth, the deep integration of emerging technologies with traditional industries has created technical conditions for cross-regional industrial division of labor and collaboration, and has also put forward new requirements for optimizing regional industrial layout. Promoting horizontal differentiated development and vertical division of labor and collaboration can enable China to seize an active position in the process of global industrial chain restructuring and create new momentum and new advantages for industrial development.
From the perspective of domestic development stage, the principal contradiction facing Chinese society has transformed into the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, and the concentrated manifestation of unbalanced and inadequate development at the regional level is the structural problems caused by unreasonable industrial spatial layout. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to coordinated regional development work, continuously enriching and improving the concepts, strategies, and policy systems for coordinated regional development. A series of major regional strategies, including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development, the Yangtze River Economic Belt development, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area construction, Yangtze River Delta integration development, and Yellow River Basin ecological protection and high-quality development, have been implemented and delivered results. China's regional sectors have shifted from scattered development to integrated interaction, the overall coherence and balance of development have continued to improve, and a new pattern of coordinated regional development led by major strategies and featuring coordinated linkage among multiple sectors has basically taken shape. However, China's coordinated regional development still faces many structural contradictions. At the level of the four major sectors of the east, central, west, and northeast, the complementarity of industries among regions is insufficiently tapped, and homogenized competition remains relatively common; at the level of urban agglomerations, the problem of internal industrial isomorphism is prominent, with some localities intensifying investment attraction competition for projects, vying with each other in government funding subsidies, land, tax preferences, and so forth, which not only wastes public resources but also distorts factor market prices and undermines fair competition order; at the level of metropolitan areas, excessive functional concentration in central cities has made the "big city disease" prominent, the siphon effect on surrounding areas has not weakened, and the institutional mechanisms for cross-regional collaborative governance remain unsound, resulting in insufficient resilience of regional industrial chains and weak capacity to respond to external shocks. Horizontal differentiated development is mainly about resolving, at the root, the problems of industrial isomorphism and vicious investment attraction competition among sectors and cities, while vertical division of labor and collaboration can relieve the excessively concentrated functions of central cities and also enhance overall resilience through upstream-downstream coordination of the industrial chain. Therefore, promoting the formation of a regional industrial development pattern featuring horizontal differentiated development and vertical division of labor and collaboration is the key to resolving the structural contradictions in China's coordinated regional development, an inherent requirement for building a new development pattern and enhancing the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain, and moreover the core support for promoting the formation of a regional economic layout with complementary advantages and coordinated linkage.
Strengthen cross-regional planning coordination and guide differentiated industrial positioning and layout from the source. Promoting differentiated development and division of labor and collaboration first requires solving the problem of homogenized competition caused by "each locality making its own plans and choosing its own industries," and it is necessary to establish rigid constraints of higher-level plans over lower-level plans, clarifying the functional positioning and industrial directions of different regions from the top-level design. Through planning guidance and regional linkage, accelerate the formation of a modern industrial spatial development pattern in which the four major regional sectors of the country develop in a differentiated manner, urban agglomerations complement and coordinate with each other, metropolitan areas coordinate through chain and cluster collaboration, with clear hierarchies, orderly division of labor, and complementary advantages. At the overall regional level, based on the gradient characteristics of resource endowments and development stages of the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions, clarify the main functional positioning and leading industrial directions of the four major sectors. At the level of urban agglomerations, strengthen national overall planning and control, compile special plans for regional industrial layout, and set differentiated functional positioning in light of the locational conditions and development capacities of cities within the region, effectively resolving low-end industrial competition within urban agglomerations. At the level of metropolitan areas, the compilation and implementation of metropolitan area plans can ensure the formation of a regional industrial development pattern featuring horizontal differentiated development and vertical division of labor and collaboration within the circle area. For example, in the planning and development practice of the Capital Metropolitan Area, relying on the Beijing-Tianjin and Beijing-Xiong'an corridors to develop new quality productive forces, establishing a joint review system for major industrial projects across administrative divisions, strictly rejecting low-level industrial projects that do not conform to regional industrial division of labor requirements and violate corridor functional positioning, and promoting various business entities to precisely determine their segmented industrial tracks and spatial locations according to their own resource endowments.
Deepen innovation in cross-regional benefit-sharing mechanisms and break down the barriers of interests to division of labor and collaboration. Promoting the formation of a regional industrial development pattern featuring horizontal differentiated development and vertical division of labor and collaboration essentially requires different regions to adjust their industrial layouts according to their own comparative advantages. This process inevitably touches upon local short-term interests, and the key problem currently hindering the orderly cross-regional transfer of industries and the implementation of division of labor and collaboration is the homogenized competition and interest gaming among local governments based on the interests of independent administrative entities. Only by establishing fair, reasonable, and risk-sharing cross-regional benefit-sharing mechanisms can obstacles be cleared for differentiated development and division of labor and collaboration. Establish and improve a cross-regional tax revenue sharing system for industrial transfers, allowing the governments of transfer-out localities to share, according to an agreed proportion and within a certain period, the tax revenue generated by major industrial projects transferred to transfer-in localities, thereby safeguarding the legitimate interests of transfer-out localities. With regard to the widely practiced cross-regional co-built industrial parks, promote the establishment of a statistical system in which core indicators such as GDP and tax revenue are shared according to the cooperation proportion, which not only ensures that transfer-out localities share in the benefits of industrial development but also mobilizes the enthusiasm of transfer-in localities in undertaking industries and providing supporting services.
Improve the unified and open market system and reduce the transaction costs of cross-regional division of labor and collaboration. Horizontal differentiated development and vertical division of labor and collaboration are essentially processes of optimizing resource allocation through market mechanisms. Accelerate the elimination of institutional barriers caused by administrative division segmentation, systematically build a unified, open, and competitively ordered national unified large market, and create a sound institutional environment for regional industrial division of labor and collaboration. Advance the construction of regional market integration, achieving mutual recognition and interconnection in key areas such as cross-regional handling of enterprise registration, alignment of technical standards, mutual recognition of industry qualifications, and sharing of credit evaluation results. Eliminate hidden barriers caused by standard differences and rule segmentation, and unblock the bottlenecks in the flow of goods and factors between regions. Further deepen the reform of market-oriented allocation of factors, promote the free cross-regional flow of various production factors such as capital, technology, and labor, and in particular explore the establishment of cross-regional intellectual property protection cooperation mechanisms and cross-regional mechanisms for sharing the benefits of technology achievement transformation, removing institutional obstacles affecting the flow of innovation factors, and promoting the efficient agglomeration and rational allocation of innovation factors over a larger spatial scope. Promote the establishment of unified market supervision rules and standards, jointly combat unfair competition practices, jointly maintain a fair competition market order, enable enterprises to truly choose their industrial layout locations independently according to market laws, embed themselves in the regional industrial chain division of labor system by relying on their own comparative advantages, and ultimately form a sound pattern of division of labor and collaboration, providing solid market institutional support for the orderly cultivation, echelon transmission, and growth and expansion of new quality productive forces among regions.
Promote infrastructure connectivity and interconnection and consolidate the physical support for division of labor and collaboration. A networked and intelligent infrastructure system is the foundation and prerequisite for promoting cross-regional industrial division of labor and collaboration. It is necessary to accelerate the filling of regional infrastructure shortcomings and build a physical network supporting efficient division of labor. In the field of transportation infrastructure, priority should be given to accelerating the construction of intercity railways and municipal (suburban) railways in urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas, opening up "dead-end roads" and bottleneck sections of interprovincial highways, promoting one-card passage for cross-city public transportation and rail transit, and building convenient and efficient commuter networks and logistics networks to reduce the logistics and commuter costs of industrial division of labor and collaboration. In the field of new infrastructure, coordinate the layout of cross-regional new infrastructure, support provinces and cities within the region in jointly building integrated computing power networks and big data centers, jointly build and share industrial internet public service platforms, and promote the interconnection of digital infrastructure and the sharing of data resources. Through the integrated layout of digital infrastructure, provide solid digital support for cross-regional collaborative R&D, flexible production, and remote operation and maintenance of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain. In the field of energy, water conservancy, and other infrastructure, coordinate the layout of regional major energy projects and water diversion projects, jointly build and share infrastructure networks, avoid redundant construction, improve the overall utilization efficiency of infrastructure, and provide basic guarantees for industrial division of labor and collaboration.
Build multi-level collaborative governance platforms and ensure the sustained operation of the division of labor pattern. Promoting the formation of a new industrial division of labor pattern is a long-term dynamic process that cannot be accomplished overnight (yī cù ér jiù - "accomplished in one stomp," to succeed at the first attempt). It is necessary to establish normalized collaborative governance mechanisms and continuously coordinate the resolution of contradictions and differences in division of labor and collaboration. Establish high-level coordination mechanisms across administrative regions to regularly study and resolve major issues in industrial layout and the construction of major cross-regional projects. At the regional level, establish regional coordination institutions with substantive functions to coordinate the specific affairs of regional industrial collaboration. At the level of urban agglomerations, establish normalized consultation mechanisms among local governments to conduct point-to-point consultations on specific issues in industrial division of labor. Establish and improve multi-level consultation mechanisms across administrative divisions within metropolitan areas, with the provincial level coordinating core matters such as industrial planning alignment and major project layout, and establishing daily coordination institutions with substantive functions to advance specific affairs. At the same time, encourage industry associations, enterprises, scientific research institutions, and other diverse entities to participate in regional industrial collaboration governance, forming a collaborative governance pattern with the participation of multiple entities, jointly promoting the accelerated formation of a regional industrial development pattern featuring horizontal differentiated development and vertical division of labor and collaboration, and providing solid support for the high-quality development of China's regional economy.
(The author is the Dean of the Capital Development Research Institute of Peking University.)
By: 姜玲
Industrial collaboration is an important lever for optimizing the major productivity layout and building a modern industrial system, and it is also an important pathway for promoting coordinated regional development and strengthening the domestic economic circulation. At present, global industrial and supply chains are undergoing accelerated restructuring, and industrial competition is showing new trends such as digitalization, intelligentization, and regionalization. The traditional model of driving industrial transfer solely through differences in factor costs can no longer meet the deep-level needs of coordinated regional development. In particular, against the backdrop of an accelerating new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and rising pressure from homogeneous industrial layout across regions, industrial collaboration must both build on the comparative advantages of each locality, enabling different regions to each display their own strengths and pursue differentiated development, and improve benefit-sharing arrangements, so that collaborating parties can form stable expectations and sustained momentum in cooperation. This requires understanding from a strategic height the evolutionary trend of industrial collaboration moving from physical connection to functional integration, and from project collaboration to institutional coordination, and promoting a dynamic balance between complementary advantages and benefit sharing at a higher level.
In recent years, China's industrial collaboration has continued to deepen across multiple levels and multiple fields. From the macro pattern perspective, industrial division of labor in key regions such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has continued to deepen, and the pulling role of major regional strategies such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development, the Yangtze River Economic Belt development, and Yellow River Basin ecological protection and high-quality development has continued to strengthen, while eastern-western industrial collaboration and counterpart cooperation have advanced in an orderly manner. In 2025, China's GDP reached 140.19 trillion yuan, with value added of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing growing by 9.4% and 9.2% respectively, and technology contract transaction value growing by 10.8%, laying a solid foundation for cross-regional industrial collaboration. From the industrial organization perspective, the country has cultivated and formed 80 national-level advanced manufacturing clusters and 66 national-level strategic emerging industry clusters. These national-level clusters have become important carriers for various regions to promote industrial collaboration, pushing industrial collaboration to gradually shift from the landing of individual projects to chain-based supporting, cluster co-construction, and ecosystem coordination, providing strong support for regional economic growth and industrial upgrading. From specific practice, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei automobile industry has formed a cross-regional parts supporting system, with drive shafts, battery casings, headlights, seats, and other segments laid out in coordination across the three regions; the Yangtze River Delta new energy vehicle industry, relying on Shanghai's chips and software, Jiangsu's power batteries, Zhejiang's integrated die-casting, and other segments, has formed a "4-hour industrial circle." Eastern-western collaboration has also expanded from traditional assistance to industrial co-construction. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan," the Tianjin-Gansu collaboration map has continued to expand, Shanghai and Yunnan have jointly built "16+16" key industrial parks, Zhejiang and Sichuan have advanced "eastern technology going west, western talent going east," and Beijing-Inner Mongolia collaboration has explored new energy industry cooperation. These practices show that industrial collaboration is moving from "transferring a batch of projects" to "jointly building one chain, cultivating one cluster, and driving one region."
At the same time, it must also be recognized that industrial collaboration still faces some practical problems requiring attention. First, there remains a tendency toward homogenization in industrial layout. In some regions, industrial layout is still mainly based on local investment attraction and industrial expansion needs, with competing layouts in hot tracks such as artificial intelligence, new energy vehicles, and the low-altitude economy, resulting in duplicate construction, low-level competition, and dispersion of resources. There are also regions that, when undertaking industrial transfer, place more emphasis on the number of projects and the scale of investment, with insufficient consideration given to key links in the industrial chain, supporting capabilities, and long-term competitiveness. Second, there are still bottlenecks in the cross-regional transformation of innovation achievements. Some central cities have relatively strong capacity for aggregating innovation resources, but their technology spillover, achievement transformation, and industrial driving effects on surrounding areas remain insufficient; in undertaking areas, pilot testing, engineering application, professional talent, and public service support are inadequate, resulting in low efficiency in the transformation of innovation achievements from the R&D end to the manufacturing end and the application end. Third, the coordination costs of cross-regional cooperation remain relatively high. Some cooperation parks, enclave parks, and industrial alliances advance relatively quickly in the early-stage investment attraction and project construction phases, but subsequently face greater difficulty in coordinating tax attribution, land quotas, energy consumption and carbon emission quotas, and public service costs, with cooperation benefits and responsibility bearing not matching, affecting the enthusiasm for sustained collaboration. These phenomena reflect that industrial collaboration has not yet fully escaped the inertia of the administrative district economy, and the core lies in the benefit-sharing mechanism not yet being straightened out.
Therefore, deepening industrial collaboration requires giving equal importance to complementary advantages and benefit sharing, and carrying this through the entire process of industrial collaboration. Complementary advantages solves "why to cooperate and how to divide labor," while benefit sharing solves "how to sustain and how to achieve win-win." Together, the two determine the quality and sustainability of industrial collaboration. Industrial division of labor based on comparative advantages should be given greater prominence. Relying on urban agglomerations, metropolitan areas, and cross-regional and cross-basin corridors, and centering on the country's key industrial chains and major productivity layout, the functional positioning of different regions in such segments as R&D and design, core component production, pilot testing and maturation, scale manufacturing, application scenarios, and modern services should be clarified, promoting the formation of a multi-center, networked, chain-based supporting industrial collaboration pattern and avoiding homogeneous competition and low-level duplicate construction. In the deep integration of the innovation chain and industrial chain, centering on the key links, weak links, and application scenarios of key industrial chains, cross-regional articulation of innovation origination, technological breakthroughs, pilot testing and maturation, scale manufacturing, and market application should be promoted, driving the transformation and application of central cities' innovation achievements in surrounding areas, the central and western regions, and old industrial bases, and enhancing the engineering, industrialization, and supporting service capabilities of undertaking areas, so as to avoid industrial collaboration remaining at the level of low-end processing and cost competition. Institutional arrangements for benefit sharing should be given greater prominence. Centering on jointly built parks, the enclave economy, cross-provincial industrial transfer projects, and cross-regional major platforms, mechanisms for tax sharing, separate GDP accounting, coordinated land quotas, coordination of carbon emission quotas, ecological compensation, and cost sharing should be explored, rules for the implementation of intergovernmental agreements, performance evaluation, and risk sharing should be improved, and relevant laws and regulations should be perfected.
Overall, complementary advantages should be used to enhance the efficiency of industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing should be used to strengthen the momentum for sustained collaboration, promoting industrial collaboration to deepen from project cooperation to institutional coordination and to upgrade from spatial transfer to layout optimization, thereby providing more solid regional support for building a modern industrial system, strengthening the domestic economic circulation, and constructing a new development pattern.
(The author is Dean of the School of Government Administration at Central University of Finance and Economics.)
Return to TopBy: 席强敏
Promoting interregional industrial collaboration toward a higher level and higher quality is the essential path to achieving a systematic leap in industrial competitiveness. The Outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan explicitly proposes to "deepen cross-administrative-region cooperation, and improve mechanisms for interregional planning coordination, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing," and to "improve the mechanisms and platform systems for industrial transfer collaboration, explore benefit-sharing mechanisms between regions transferring industries out and regions undertaking them in terms of taxation, land use, and carbon emission quotas, and promote the orderly domestic transfer of key industries." This series of important arrangements profoundly reveals the significance of promoting interregional industrial collaboration and layout optimization in the new stage of development.
Advancing interregional industrial collaboration and layout optimization is a strategic choice for integrating the nation's superior resources and enhancing industrial competitiveness. China has a vast territory, and factor endowments vary significantly across regions. Through interregional industrial collaboration, the comparative advantages of each region can be fully leveraged, cooperation and win-win outcomes can be achieved through specialized division of labor, and regional integration, interaction, and mutually reinforcing complementarity can be promoted. With the deepening development of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the accelerated evolution and application of new-generation information and communication technologies, technological innovation and the digital economy have become key drivers of China's interregional industrial collaboration, accelerating interregional and intraregional industrial transfer and division of labor and cooperation. In the process of building a regional economic layout and territorial spatial system featuring complementary advantages and high-quality development, interregional industrial collaboration will face higher requirements and needs to achieve deeper integration and win-win outcomes at a higher level. At the same time, it must be clearly recognized that regional industrial collaboration during the 15th Five-Year Plan period still faces multiple difficulties and challenges.
The depth of division of labor and collaboration in regional industrial chains needs to be strengthened, and the potential empowered by digital technology has not yet been fully released. Against the backdrop of accelerated restructuring of global industrial chains, the upstream-downstream linkages of industrial chains among China's regions still need to be reinforced. In some less-developed regions, the depth of synergy between undertaking industrial transfer and the industrial chains of the transferring regions is insufficient, and there is a risk of being locked into the middle and low end of the value chain. In east-west industrial collaboration, some projects remain concentrated in traditional processing and manufacturing and primary planting sectors, and the level of industry types of industrial support projects needs further elevation. In addition, the widespread promotion of digital technology and internet platforms has narrowed the internet access gap across regions, reduced transaction costs in industrial transfer, and thereby expanded the spatial reach of industrial transfer, giving less-developed regions more opportunities than before to participate in the re-division of labor in the value chain. However, the potential of digital technology to empower interregional industrial collaboration has not yet been fully released, and less-developed regions still lag behind developed regions in computing infrastructure and digital transformation talent. In this regard, efforts should be made to elevate the level of industry types in industrial collaboration, plan a number of high-level and high-quality benchmark industrial park projects, and promote the normalization of interregional industrial collaboration mechanisms based on industrial chains. At the same time, efforts should be accelerated to bridge the digital divide and empower the orderly gradient transfer of interregional industries with the digital economy.
The benefit-sharing mechanism needs further improvement, and the endogenous driving force for industrial cooperation still needs to be cultivated. The sustainability of interregional industrial collaboration ultimately depends on the rationality of the benefit distribution mechanism. The adaptability of the current statistical accounting and tax-sharing system to interregional industrial collaboration needs to be enhanced. The phenomenon of "the undertaking region is enthusiastic, the transferring region is indifferent" still exists in industrial transfer, and transferring regions have concerns about the fluctuations in tax revenue and GDP caused by the outward relocation of industries. In response to the problem that the interest demands of transferring regions and undertaking regions are inconsistent in interregional cooperation and that the driving force for industrial cooperation is difficult to sustain, a scientific, transparent, and predictable benefit distribution system should be established. On the basis of formulating a reasonable fiscal and tax sharing mechanism, the issue of statistical assessment that local governments are concerned about should be further addressed, and the principle of "shared costs, shared benefits" should be established institutionally. By binding the interest chain to form a stable industrial community, the enthusiasm of governments to reasonably promote industrial transfer can be stimulated.
The channels for cross-regional transformation of R&D achievements are not yet smooth enough, and the level of integration between the industrial chain and the innovation chain still needs to be improved. Developed regions are rich in high-end factors such as capital, technology, and talent, but constrained by land and labor costs, the marginal cost of local transformation of R&D achievements continues to rise. Less-developed regions have relatively mature manufacturing systems, but their independent innovation capacity is relatively weak, and their participation in high-end links of the industrial chain is limited. Therefore, a cross-regional industrial division of labor system based on the innovation chain should be strengthened, and a deep collaboration pattern of "developed regions lead in technology—less-developed regions support in manufacturing" should be promoted. Through the construction of cross-regional R&D branch institutions and cross-regional technology transfer, innovation energy can be effectively converted into output growth, opening up the transformation channel from a strong science and technology base to a strong industrial base.
The resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain still needs further improvement, and there are institutional obstacles to synergistically advancing the green transformation. With the accelerated evolution of the major changes unseen in a century, the uncertainty and instability of the external environment have increased significantly. The spatial concentration of some key links in China's industries is relatively high, and the industrial layout model that over-relies on a few spatial growth poles or industrial links has exposed certain vulnerabilities in responding to external shocks. At the same time, under the "dual carbon" goals, high-energy-consuming and high-emission industries face strict capacity constraints, and the coordination mechanisms among regions in terms of carbon emission quota allocation, green technology transfer, and ecological compensation are not yet sound, which restricts the synergistic advancement of the green transformation of industries. In this regard, industries should be guided to optimize their layout over a larger spatial scope, and a multi-node, networked industrial chain and supply chain system should be built to enhance resilience against external shocks. At the same time, cross-regional ecological compensation and green technology sharing mechanisms should be improved, and institutional design should be used to resolve contradictions among localities along river basins and lake shores regarding the attribution of emission rights and the formulation of enforcement standards, promoting the formation of synergistic force among regions in the green and low-carbon transformation.
Promoting interregional industrial collaboration and layout optimization is a systematic project that breaks down administrative barriers through institutional innovation, builds consensus for cooperation through benefit sharing, and enhances industrial efficiency through chain coordination. Only by adhering to the thinking of the "whole country as one chessboard" (quán guó yī pán qí - "the whole country as one chessboard," acting with a unified national strategy), taking extending, supplementing, and strengthening industrial chains as the core focus, taking smoothing the linkage between industry, academia, and research as the main direction of attack, taking emerging technologies as the key driving force, and taking green development as the basic principle, can we further promote the division of labor, cooperation, and layout optimization of industries on a larger scale, at a deeper level, and at a higher level, effectively respond to internal and external challenges, and achieve a systematic leap in industrial competitiveness.
(The author is Director of the Institute of Regional and Urban Economics, School of Applied Economics, Renmin University of China (中国人民大学应用经济学院区域与城市经济研究所))
Return to TopBy: 程明明 马权
Currently, the world military revolution is accelerating its deep integration toward intelligence and aerospace dimensions, with the aerospace domain becoming the core arena of major-power strategic competition and intelligent technology becoming the core driving force of warfare form transformation. The high-dimensional, all-domain attributes of aerospace and the autonomous, efficient characteristics of intelligence are deeply coupled—not merely a superposition and upgrade of military technology, but a fundamental reshaping of the modern strategic confrontation pattern from dimensions such as spatial form, confrontation rules, and balance of power. Grasping the laws of aerospace-intelligence integrated development, clarifying the value of integration, identifying the elements of integration, grasping the trends of integration, and constructing adapted strategic capabilities and confrontation systems to seize the dual advantages of control of aerospace and control of intelligence are inevitable requirements for strengthening the military and preparing for war in the new era and grasping future strategic initiative.
Integration Value: The Optimal Choice for Breaking Through Traditional Strategic Competition
The core value of aerospace-intelligence integration lies in constructing an all-domain intelligent perception network, autonomous decision-making command system, and cross-domain precision strike force, realizing intelligent empowerment of the entire aerospace operations process, breaking through traditional operational effectiveness bottlenecks, reshaping the logic of modern warfare victory, and providing core support for grasping strategic competition initiative.
Consolidating the Core Prerequisite for All-Domain Control Authority. In joint operations, the aerospace domain is the core foundation for intelligence, communications, and navigation. Losing aerospace superiority will fundamentally constrain the effectiveness of land, sea, network, and electromagnetic operational domains. The empowerment of intelligent technology can break through the bottlenecks of slow information processing and difficult multi-domain coordination in traditional aerospace operations, allowing the all-domain coverage advantages of aerospace forces to be maximally exerted. Satellite constellations, near-space platforms, aerospace planes, and other aerospace equipment provide massive data sources and broad application scenarios for intelligent technology, constructing an all-domain perception, transmission, and strike network from low altitude to deep space. The deep integration of the two is the key to converting aerospace positional advantage into all-domain victory-generating momentum, laying a solid foundation for grasping joint operations initiative.
The Key Support for Activating System-of-Systems Operational Effectiveness. Artificial intelligence is leaping from operational assistance to system dominance. The competition of algorithms, data, and computing power has become the core of modern warfare, and control of intelligence has become a new core competitiveness. The autonomous perception and decision-making capabilities of intelligent technology can greatly enhance the response speed and operational efficiency of the operational system. The wide-area coverage and high-speed maneuverability of the aerospace domain precisely provide the best all-domain application scenarios for intelligent technology. Separated from aerospace carriers, intelligent technology can only exert tactical effectiveness in limited domains; lacking intelligent empowerment, aerospace forces cannot cope with massive and complex battlefield data. The integration of aerospace and intelligence realizes the two-way multiplication of spatial advantages and intelligence advantages, can activate the maximum potential of the all-domain operational system, and becomes the key support for system-of-systems victory.
An Important Path for Creating Asymmetric Strategic Counterbalance. Modern strategic competition is shifting from scale-dominated to effectiveness-dominated. Technological leaps have become the key variable in breaking power balance, and aerospace-intelligence integration provides latecomer countries with a historical opportunity for 弯道超车 (wān dào chāo chē - "overtake on a curve," to surpass competitors by exploiting a turning point). Compared with traditional military force construction, aerospace-intelligence integration places greater emphasis on technology intensity and system reconstruction, without the need for homogeneous competition in force scale. Latecomer countries can focus on core key technologies, form distinctive advantages through partial breakthroughs, and create asymmetric counterbalance capabilities that use intelligence to defeat force and use precision to defeat crudeness. This path can effectively avoid the opponent's traditional advantage areas, directly strike at its system weaknesses, and thus seize the initiative in major-power competition. This is also the deep reason why aerospace-intelligence integration has become the core strategic choice of all countries.
Core Elements: The Underlying Logic Supporting the Multi-Dimensional Integration System
Aerospace-intelligence integration is not loose technological splicing, but an organic whole supported by key substantive elements. To achieve deep integration and effectiveness multiplication, it is necessary to precisely grasp core elements such as carriers, technology, and data, and construct an integration support system of carrier foundation, technology empowerment, and data driving.
Integrated Deployment of All-Domain Aerospace Carriers. Carriers are the physical foundation and spatial support of aerospace-intelligence integration, and the material prerequisite for the all-domain deployment and efficient operation of intelligent capabilities. Adhere to the integrated coordination of space-based, air-based, and ground-based systems. At the space-based level, accelerate the construction of satellite constellation and space platform systems with high-low orbit coordination and complementary functions, consolidating the foundation for all-domain perception, communications, and navigation. At the air-based level, vigorously develop manned-unmanned combined, high-speed maneuverable operational and reconnaissance early-warning platforms, enhancing rapid response and maneuver penetration capabilities. At the ground-based level, improve command control, data processing, communications relay, and defense countermeasure facilities, consolidating ground support. Through the trinity of carriers' all-domain deployment and interconnection, provide stable and reliable physical carrying for aerospace-intelligence integration, consolidating the material foundation for control of aerospace.
Deep Coupling of Core Technology Clusters. Technology is the power core and capability support of aerospace-intelligence integration, and the key to realizing autonomous, efficient, and precise aerospace operations. Concentrate efforts on breaking through five major technology clusters: intelligent constellation networking, aerospace unmanned platforms, all-domain intelligent perception, autonomous kill chains, and distributed intelligent decision-making. Use autonomous networking to enhance space-based system resilience, use unmanned operation to expand operational application boundaries, use multi-source fusion to strengthen situational awareness capabilities, use closed-loop chains to shorten strike response time, and use distributed decision-making to enhance system anti-interference and anti-destruction capabilities. Promote the deep coupling and independent controllability of core technology clusters, provide hard-core support for aerospace-intelligence integration, and activate the endogenous driving force of control of intelligence.
Efficient Empowerment of All-Domain Battlefield Data. Data is the strategic resource and operational lifeline of aerospace-intelligence integration, running through the entire process of reconnaissance early-warning, command control, firepower strike, and effectiveness assessment. Comprehensively aggregate data on all-domain aerospace situational awareness, target characteristics, battlefield environment, equipment status, operational orders, and more, constructing an aerospace-integrated closed loop of data collection, transmission, storage, management, and application. Rely on aerospace wide-area advantages to achieve all-domain data acquisition and high-speed flow, use intelligent technology to complete data cleaning, fusion analysis, and deep mining, convert massive heterogeneous data into precise situational awareness, scientific decision-making, and efficient action capabilities, use data to drive operational effectiveness enhancement, and provide resource support for the integrated release of control of aerospace and control of intelligence.
Evolution Trends: Deep Transformation from Technological Integration to System Maturity
With the continuous evolution of aerospace and intelligent technologies, aerospace-intelligence integration will achieve deep breakthroughs in four major dimensions—technological support, operational form, system architecture, and application scenarios—gradually forming a development pattern of aerospace integration, intelligent coordination, and all-domain victory, further reshaping the rules and posture of aerospace strategic competition.
Focusing on the uncertainty of complex aerospace battlefield environments, artificial intelligence algorithms will realize a closed loop of "perception-decision-execution-feedback" throughout the entire process without human intervention, possessing autonomous coordination, autonomous repair, and adaptive adjustment capabilities, greatly reducing dependence on human operation, enhancing the actual combat response speed of aerospace equipment, and adapting to high-dynamic battlefield environments. Simultaneously, break through technological boundaries in aerospace, electromagnetic, and network domains, promote the deep integration of aerospace-intelligent technology with cyberspace and electromagnetic space technologies, form a cross-domain coordinated technology system, and break through the technological bottlenecks of cross-domain operations.
With the intelligent and all-domain transformation of modern warfare forms, aerospace-intelligence integration promotes fundamental changes in aerospace operational forms, and the aerospace force system architecture upgrades deeply toward aerospace integration, all-domain coordination, and intelligent controllability. The aerospace-integrated architecture will be fully formed, realizing the interconnection and mutual support of aeronautical space, near space, and aerospace space, forming a full-dimensional aerospace operations system, and breaking through the pain point of traditional aerospace forces 各自为战 (gè zì wéi zhàn - "each fighting on its own," lacking coordination). Adapting to new operational forms, intelligent coordinated operations become mainstream, breaking the fixed formation mode of traditional operational units, realizing dynamic scheduling of operational resources and mission coordination through intelligent algorithms. Extreme-speed strike and distributed operations become core operational styles, relying on hypersonic vehicles, intelligent guided weapons, and other equipment to compress the opponent's defense response time, forming an absolute asymmetric advantage over traditional defense systems.
The application scenarios of aerospace-intelligence integration will further focus on the military domain, extending to four core scenarios: strategic deterrence, actual combat confrontation, defense countermeasures, and situational control. In the strategic deterrence scenario, focus on the deployment and application of hypersonic weapons, intelligent unmanned operational platforms, aerospace computing constellations, and other equipment, forming sustained strategic deterrence. In the actual combat confrontation scenario, focus on core tasks such as aerospace control contention, precision strike, and cross-domain operations, applied to target identification, path planning, coordinated strike, damage assessment, and other links, enhancing the precision and effectiveness of aerospace operations. In the defense countermeasure scenario, focus on aerospace early warning, missile defense, electronic confrontation, and other fields, enhancing the identification, tracking, and interception capabilities against incoming targets through intelligent technology, and breaking through the opponent's aerospace strike threats. In the situational control scenario, rely on aerospace intelligent perception technology and on-orbit computing capabilities to achieve all-time, all-region monitoring of the global aerospace situation, grasp the opponent's aerospace force deployment and dynamics in real time, and seize information initiative.
Return to TopBy: 江海宁
Underwater firearms are special light weapons designed specifically for diving combat personnel, capable of firing normally underwater. They are primarily used by naval frogmen and amphibious reconnaissance troops for underwater self-defense, attacking enemy frogmen, and destroying underwater facilities. They come in pistol and rifle variants. As key individual equipment for maritime special operations, underwater firearms are also an important indicator of an amphibious force's underwater combat capability.
From "carrying two guns" to amphibious integration
Underwater firearms rely on special long rod projectiles, the supercavitation principle, and full-body waterproof and anti-corrosion design to solve three major problems — unstable underwater ballistics, difficulty of sustained feeding, and seawater corrosion — forming a unique close-range underwater lethality capability.
Supercavitation special ammunition is the core component that makes the entire gun function. The underwater arrow-shaped projectile is slender and sharp; as it flies, it creates a bubble that isolates it from water resistance. The new-generation amphibious projectile has been optimized to form a stable drag-reducing bubble both underwater and in air, accommodating firing requirements in both environments. Waterproof sealing and drainage structure. The receiver and barrel bottom have through drainage grooves reserved, allowing accumulated water in the bore to drain quickly when firing; waterproof sealing rings are added at the magazine and bolt carrier connections to prevent seawater seepage from affecting ignition, and no feeding malfunctions occur even after prolonged immersion. Dual-medium switchable gas system (unique to amphibious guns). A built-in sliding adjustable valve — in underwater operations the gas port is reduced to match the high-pressure resistance of water, ensuring the gun's automatic cycle remains stable; after coming ashore, it switches to a larger gas port to meet the requirement for sustained fire in air.
The development of underwater firearms can be divided into three stages. The first stage was the period of purely underwater-dedicated guns. During the Cold War, both sides needed to guard against enemy frogmen attacking ports and ships, and dedicated underwater firearms were born. Early models could only be used underwater; their firing performance after coming ashore was extremely poor. These guns used smoothbore barrels paired with slender steel arrow-shaped projectiles, relying on the bubble formed at the projectile's front to reduce water resistance, but the slender projectiles were extremely unstable in air, with very short land range, usable only as emergency self-defense weapons. Frogmen carrying out underwater landing missions had to carry both an underwater gun and a standard rifle, creating a heavy burden. For example, the P11 underwater pistol, designed and finalized in 1976, adopted an integrated "storage-fire" structure — five rounds sealed inside the barrel/chamber; after firing, the gun had to be returned to the factory for reloading and resealing. The second stage was the amphibious transitional model. To solve the trouble of "carrying two guns," amphibious firearms that could switch between environments appeared. The gun body gained a switchable gas valve and could also exchange two types of magazines: long rod special ammunition underwater, and standard service rounds after coming ashore. Compared with first-generation equipment, land firing accuracy and range improved markedly, but the underwater and land ammunition dimensions differed, requiring magazine changes before going ashore or diving, with cumbersome procedures and insufficient interoperability. The third stage is the integrated universal amphibious firearm, which is also the current mainstream development direction. In the new-generation amphibious firearms, the underwater special ammunition and standard land service rounds share the same external dimensions, achieving magazine interoperability.
Highlighting practical combat advantages
The underwater firing effect of underwater firearms far exceeds that of ordinary guns. Because water resistance is about 800 times that of air, ordinary bullets' trajectories veer off quickly after entering water, with effective range failing to reach even two meters — completely useless in combat. The slender projectiles of underwater firearms, when traveling at high speed, form a layer of bubbles enveloping the projectile body at the nose, greatly reducing frictional resistance from water, keeping the trajectory stable, and enabling penetration of diving masks, oxygen cylinders, and light underwater protective equipment.
For example, the Soviet APS underwater assault rifle, designed and finalized in 1975, was the world's first dedicated underwater combat firearm, firing MPS underwater ammunition with a magazine capacity of 26 rounds. Its underwater effective range varies with depth: at 5 meters underwater, effective range is 30 meters; at 20 meters, 20 meters; at 40 meters, 11 meters. Underwater visual distance is usually only about 30 meters, so this gun fully meets operational requirements. The German P11 underwater pistol fires 7.62×36 mm underwater ammunition; its depleted uranium core has strong penetrating power and can pierce the 10 mm thick steel plate of a diving cylinder at close range.
The entire gun is waterproof and corrosion-resistant, adapted to the marine environment. Drainage channels are reserved inside the gun body, allowing accumulated water to be drained quickly after submersion; metal parts use stainless steel and titanium alloy, with marine-specific anti-corrosion coatings sprayed on the surface, so prolonged immersion in seawater does not easily cause rust or jamming, and it functions normally in both fresh and salt water. Adapted to divers' operating habits. The gun body is overall compact, with a widened trigger guard so that thick rubber diving gloves can still pull the trigger smoothly; the rifle variant features a folding stock that can be stowed into a diving backpack when not in use. Underwater recoil is buffered by the water, making sustained fire easier to control. Cross-environment operations are more convenient. The new-generation amphibious models require no magazine changes — simply flipping a valve switches between underwater and land combat modes, shortening the time frogmen need to prepare firepower after coming ashore from underwater, and adapting to the continuous operational sequence of infiltration, ship boarding, and beachhead assault.
Future development directions of underwater firearms
For more than half a century, underwater firearms have iterated continuously on the basis of fluid mechanics, anti-corrosion materials, and light weapons design technology, evolving from simple equipment that could only provide underwater self-protection into core individual firepower adapted to full-domain land-water operations. Facing current operational requirements such as maritime security, underwater counterterrorism, and island-reef defense, underwater firearms continue to make up for shortcomings including short range, difficult maintenance, and insufficient interoperability, becoming deeply integrated into the maritime three-dimensional special operations system.
Universal supercavitation ammunition will be widely popularized. In the future, multi-caliber standardized supercavitation bullets will be introduced, allowing standard service rifles to conduct short-term underwater operations simply by changing ammunition, without the need to procure dedicated underwater firearms in large quantities separately, simplifying the logistics ammunition reserve system. At the same time, projectiles will adopt adaptive structures to narrow the range gap between shallow and deep water, enhancing deep-water strike capability.
Lightweight corrosion-resistant new materials will be comprehensively applied. Carbon fiber composites and integrated titanium alloy parts will replace traditional steel, reducing gun weight by more than 20 percent without lowering structural strength; paired with new nano anti-corrosion coatings, they will resist seawater salt spray and marine organism fouling, extend maintenance-free underwater operating time, and reduce frontline repair frequency.
Human-unmanned underwater equipment coordinated operations will be realized. Miniature data transmission modules will be installed in amphibious firearms, enabling linkage with small unmanned underwater vehicles: unmanned platforms will advance ahead to search for enemy frogmen and underwater fortifications, transmitting target positions in real time, while divers aim and fire from safe areas, making up for the short-range shortcoming of underwater firearms. In the longer term, fixed underwater remote-controlled weapon stations will also be developed, deployed in ports and around island-reef underwater areas to achieve 24-hour unmanned anti-frogman sentry duty.
Full gun modularization will achieve one gun with multiple uses. Standardized external interfaces will allow rapid exchange of anti-personnel barrels, underwater grenade launchers, and non-lethal dispersal components, capable of dealing with enemy personnel as well as clearing underwater obstacles and driving away irrelevant underwater targets. In the future, guns will also incorporate depth sensors that automatically measure water depth and provide ballistic correction references, eliminating the need for divers to perform manual calculations.
Acoustic and bubble exposure signatures from firing will be reduced. Muzzle fluid suppression devices will be optimized to reduce the massive bubble discharge when firing, weakening underwater sound and surface-visible bubbles, lowering the probability of detection by the enemy; dedicated suppressed firing accessories will be paired, suitable for covert lurking, clandestine ship boarding, and other special missions with high concealment requirements.
Return to TopBy: 邵路鸣
In the War of Resistance Against Japan weapons exhibition area of the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution (中国人民革命军事博物馆), a ZB26 light machine gun is on display. The stock bears interwoven shallow and deep wear marks, the barrel cooling fins show dents from impacts, and the edge of the magazine shows traces of hand-welded repair, silently recording the vicissitudes and perseverance of wartime. This light weapon originally produced in Czechoslovakia has a name 耳熟能详 (ěr shú néng xiáng - "ear familiar, can detail," familiar enough to describe in detail) to Chinese soldiers and civilians alike — the Czech-style.
As the most widely deployed infantry squad firepower pillar of Chinese forces during the War of Resistance, it was not only a shared memory of the war on both the frontal and enemy-rear battlefields, but also bore witness to the arduous exploration of the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines in maintaining troop combat effectiveness through independent repair and indigenous methods under tight blockade, and is an important material testament to the people's ordnance industry's spirit of self-reliance.
The Czech-style light machine gun was finalized in 1926 by the Brno Arsenal of Czechoslovakia, with a 7.92mm caliber, fed by a 20-round top-mounted magazine, weighing less than 10 kilograms in total, operable by a single soldier. Its most combat-valuable design feature was the quick-change barrel function, which allowed replacement within seconds after continuous firing, effectively sustaining frontline firepower in infantry operations lacking heavy firepower. After the gun was introduced to China in the late 1920s, it quickly gained recognition for its reliable structure, simple operation, and adaptability to complex terrain such as mountains and villages. The Jinling Arsenal (金陵兵工厂), the Dagu Shipyard (大沽造船所), and other domestic arsenals successively carried out copy-production; by the eve of the full-scale outbreak of the War of Resistance, imported and domestically copied Czech-style guns exceeded 30,000, becoming the main light machine gun universally deployed from regular forces to local armed units.
The Czech-style was also the core firepower backbone of infantry on the enemy-rear battlefield. When the main force of the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army in 1937, the entire army had only slightly more than 200 light machine guns, over half of which were Czech-style of various models, and there were widespread problems of mixed models, non-interchangeable parts, and insufficient ammunition reserves. Unlike the frontal battlefield, which had relatively stable supply channels, the enemy-rear base areas were under dual military and economic blockade by the Japanese for a long time, making it impossible to replenish gun parts and ammunition through regular channels; every machine gun and every round of ammunition had to be used at critical points.
In combat, Czech-style squads were usually deployed forward with frontline infantry, specifically targeting Japanese dense assault formations and suppressing enemy firepoints, coordinating with close-combat and night-combat tactics to amplify combat effectiveness; on the march, the receiver, barrel, magazine, and spare parts were carried separately by different soldiers, both to avoid the entire gun being destroyed by concentrated Japanese fire and to prevent damage to a single component from scrapping the whole gun. In the great victory at Pingxingguan, ambush forces deployed Czech-style machine guns on high ground on both sides of the road; when the Japanese convoy entered the ambush circle, they suddenly opened fire, suppressing the enemy inside the vehicles at close range, creating favorable conditions for close-combat annihilation of the enemy; during the Hundred Regiments Offensive, enemy-rear forces used Czech-style guns to cover operations to destroy roads and seize strongpoints, winning tactical initiative despite equipment inferiority.
Material resources were extremely scarce on the enemy-rear battlefield, and maintaining the combat effectiveness of the Czech-style first required overcoming the two hurdles of repair and supply. In the early period of the War of Resistance, the base areas had no professional ordnance production capacity; the mobile repair shops attached to the troops mostly wandered through the Taihang Mountains, called by the masses "arsenals carried on donkey backs," able to handle only simple faults with files and hand drills, and often 束手无策 (shù shǒu wú cè - "bind hands, no plan," helpless) when faced with problems such as barrel wear or spring breakage, leaving many battle-damaged machine guns idle.
After backbone arsenals such as Huangyadong (黄崖洞) were built, technical personnel disassembled damaged guns, measured part dimensions one by one, forged blanks from scrap rails and damaged artillery barrels, and hand-filed vulnerable parts such as firing pins, return springs, and magazine catches, returning large numbers of battle-damaged machine guns to the battlefield. To address the ammunition shortage, the base areas established a strict cartridge case recovery system: after combat, all empty cases were collected and transported back to the arsenals for reloading with propellant and bullets, achieving ammunition recycling. Limited by the weak industrial base, the enemy-rear base areas never achieved full-scale production of complete guns, but through self-manufacture of parts, reloading of ammunition, and piecing together damaged guns, they managed to preserve the combat effectiveness of grassroots light machine guns and put limited firepower precisely to use at critical points in offensive operations.
In long-term actual combat, the military and civilians behind enemy lines also made many localized improvements to the Czech-style in light of the operational environment, compensating for equipment performance deficiencies with tactical wisdom. In plains ambush operations, soldiers appropriately shortened the barrel and optimized the gun body to improve portability in green curtain fields and village alleys; in mountain combat where aiming was difficult, they polished and adjusted the front sight to suit rapid close-range firing; against the shortcomings of small magazine capacity and weak sustained firepower, they adopted tactics of multiple groups firing in rotation and withdrawing after firing, offsetting equipment disadvantage with mobility and flexibility. Many militia and local armed units also used captured Czech-style guns as backbone equipment, centrally training marksmen, concentrating use in wartime and dispersing concealment in peacetime, becoming the core firepower for harassing strongpoints and covering the evacuation of the masses. A weapon designed in a foreign country, through continuous adaptation and adjustment in the practice of people's war, displayed combat effectiveness far exceeding its design positioning.
Now that the smoke of gunpowder has dispersed, this Czech-style machine gun with its weld marks lies quietly in the display case; every wear mark corresponds to 浴血奋战 (yù xuè fèn zhàn - "bathed in blood, fight fiercely," bloody battle) on the enemy-rear battlefield, and every repair trace embodies the painstaking effort and wisdom of ordnance personnel. It is both a historical microcosm of modern China's introduction and copy-production of light weapons, and a vivid testament to how enemy-rear military and civilians broke through blockade and strengthened themselves in adversity.
Return to TopLishui, known as Chuzhou in ancient times, is a famous historical and cultural city with a history of over 1,400 years since its founding. It is located in the southwest of Zhejiang Province, in the middle and upper reaches of the Oujiang River, and is renowned for its reputation as the "Forest Sea of Southern Zhejiang," the "Source of Six Rivers," and "Beautiful Mountains and Waters of Lishui." Surrounded by mountains and crisscrossed by rivers, it possesses outstanding ecological endowments and profound cultural heritage. Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Lishui, with its unique natural scenery and cultural atmosphere, has been a "poetic dwelling place" in the hearts of ancient Chinese literati. Lishui occupies a unique position in the history of poetry. With its得天独厚的地理禀赋 (unique geographical endowments), its poetry-rich landscapes of profound connotation, the poetic creation of the founder of landscape poetry, and a poetic lineage that has endured for a thousand years, Lishui has become one of the birthplaces of Chinese landscape poetry. From Xie Lingyun's "lofty chant at Shimen" to Li Bai's "ode to Xiandu," from Lu You's "chanting while traveling in Chuzhou" to the Ming and Qing literati's "records of sights along the Oujiang River," the landscapes of Lishui have not only inspired the creative genius of many poets but have also provided rich nourishment for the birth and evolution of Chinese landscape poetry, an important poetic school.
得天独厚的地理禀赋 (Unique Geographical Endowments)
Landscape poetry is inseparable from natural landscapes; magnificent nature produces magnificent poetry, and flowing rivers give rise to flowing rhythms. Lishui's geographical configuration provides a natural poetic realm for landscape poetry. The terrain of Lishui is mainly mountainous and hilly, known for its saying "nine parts mountains, half part water, half part farmland." Within the city's borders, there are as many as 3,573 peaks exceeding 1,000 meters in altitude, among which Huangmaojian in Fengyang Mountain is the highest peak in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, reaching an altitude of 1,929 meters. Ranges of overlapping mountains, swirling clouds and mist, deep gorges, and crisscrossing streams constitute an extremely rich and three-dimensional natural landscape system. The Oujiang River flows through the city, winding like a jade belt among the mountains, its waters clear, reflecting the green bamboo and ancient villages on both banks. The lofty mountains and rushing rivers together form a three-dimensional, diverse, and layered ecological pattern. This geographical characteristic far transcends mere visual beauty, providing important aesthetic elements for landscape poetry creation: the contrast between the sublime and the agile, the harmony between stillness and flow, and the fusion of strength and softness.
The landscapes of Lishui are not a flat landscape painting, but a three-dimensional natural epic. In spring, mountain flowers bloom in profusion, azaleas blaze like fire; in summer, green shade covers like a canopy, and stream water is cool; in autumn, the forests are dyed in layers of color, and rice waves turn to gold; in winter, rime ice is crystalline, and snow covers the mountain ridges. The scenery differs across the four seasons, providing poets with an inexhaustible resource of imagery. This rich and diverse geographical character forms a poetic structure containing the relationships between movement and stillness, the virtual and the real, and form and spirit. The so-called "beautiful mountains and waters of Lishui" is not merely a description of scenery, but a philosophical aesthetic summary: it embodies the natural view of "unity of heaven and man" (天人合一), and also implicitly accords with the personality ideal of "the benevolent delight in mountains, the wise delight in waters" (仁者乐山，智者乐水). Lishui provides poets with an appropriate physical space and spiritual field for contemplating nature, expressing feelings, and articulating philosophical reflections.
内涵丰富的诗意山水 (Poetic Landscapes of Rich Connotation)
Since the pre-Qin period, this land has been a meeting point of Central Plains culture and Baiyue culture. With the southward migration of Central Plains aristocratic families, the three teachings of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism gradually took root here, merging with local ancestor worship, folk legends, and other elements, endowing Lishui's natural landscapes with rich humanistic connotations.
Jinyun Xiandu is closely associated with the legend of the Yellow Emperor and is a representative of Lishui's humanistic landscapes. The Dinghu Peak of Xiandu rises high into the clouds, shaped like a bamboo shoot; literati of all dynasties who came here could not help but feel awe. A Tang Dynasty poet once wrote the lines "The Yellow Emperor's banners have gone and never returned; a lone cloud and solitary rock stand towering and majestic," expressing feelings of nostalgia for antiquity. Xiandu is not only a natural wonder, but also a unique cultural symbol.
Nanming Mountain is famous for the legend of Ge Hong, a Daoist scholar of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who built a hut there to refine elixirs. The mountain is covered with cliff inscriptions; from the Jin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there are over a hundred inscribed carvings, mostly Daoist maxims, travel notes, and poems, such as "Lingchong" (spiritual loftiness), "Xiaoyao" (carefree wandering), and "Shuyu" (rinsing jade), which merge seamlessly with the mountain scenery and water light. The clouds and mist, strange rocks, clear springs, and ancient caves of Nanming Mountain echo the Daoist philosophical concepts of "purity and tranquility, non-action" (清静无为) and "returning to simplicity and truth" (返璞归真).
In addition, Lishui has many other cultural landmarks: the ancient celadon kilns of Longquan, the covered bridges of Qingyuan, the She ethnic villages of Jingning, and the ancient Ming and Qing village clusters of Songyang... Each carries specific historical memories and cultural genes. The Confucian "all things are nurtured in harmony" (万物并育), the Daoist "Dao follows nature" (道法自然), and the Buddhist "seeing one's nature and attaining enlightenment" (明心见性) all find concrete expression here. This deep fusion of humanity and nature elevates Lishui's landscapes beyond pure natural objects, sublimating them into a system of imagery bearing cultural codes and spiritual pursuits. They are no longer just a combination of "mountains" and "waters," but the embodiment of "seclusion," "transcendence," and "carefree wandering." This cultural infusion provides an inexhaustible source of inspiration for landscape poetry creation, enabling poetry not only to depict scenic wonders but also to convey emotions, philosophical reflections, and life ideals.
山水诗宗的诗意缔造 (The Poetic Creation of the Founder of Landscape Poetry)
Xie Lingyun, the founder of the landscape poetry school, served as an official in Lishui, traveled there, and created a large number of poems themed on landscapes. Xie Lingyun, grandson of the Eastern Jin Dynasty general Xie Xuan, was born into a distinguished family and possessed extraordinary talent. He gained fame in his youth but had a bumpy official career. In the third year of the Yongchu era (422 AD), he was appointed Grand Administrator of Yongjia Commandery. At that time, Yongjia Commandery's jurisdiction included most of present-day Wenzhou City and Lishui City in Zhejiang Province. It was a vast area with a sparse population and inconvenient transportation, but its landscapes were extraordinarily beautiful. Although Xie Lingyun came due to political frustration, he found spiritual sustenance amidst the mountains and waters.
According to the "Biography of Xie Lingyun" in the Book of Song (宋书), Xie Lingyun "was appointed Grand Administrator of Yongjia. The commandery had famous landscapes, which Lingyun had always loved. Having failed to achieve his ambitions in his post, he roamed freely, visiting all the counties... wherever he went, he composed poems to express his feelings." He often traveled by boat up the Oujiang River, and wherever he stopped, he would climb and compose poetry.
Xie Lingyun successfully elevated natural landscapes from being a background or a rhetorical device (bi xing) in poetry to an independent, core aesthetic and expressive object. He developed the technique of "writing what is directly seen, embedding emotion in the scene" (即目所见，寓情于景), paying attention to the meticulous depiction of landscape forms, light and shadow, colors, and sounds, forming an artistic style of "rich and gorgeous, difficult to trace" (富艳难踪).
It should be particularly noted that in Xie Lingyun's poems, "Yongjia" is often used to refer broadly to the southern Zhejiang region. As part of his jurisdiction, Lishui's landscape imagery is also integrated into Xie Lingyun's overall depiction of southern Zhejiang's landscapes. If one were to strictly count poems specifically about Lishui according to modern administrative divisions, the number might be relatively small. However, because ancient geographical concepts were broader, his southern Zhejiang landscape poems mostly encompass the natural scenery and humanistic landscapes within present-day Lishui. Therefore, Xie Lingyun is not only a "frequent cultural visitor" to Lishui, but also the "poetic creator" of this land.
千年不绝的诗脉传承 (A Poetic Lineage Enduring for a Thousand Years)
The nurturing power of the "cradle" of landscape poetry must withstand the test of time. Lishui, with its outstanding landscape scenery, attracted numerous poets who, whether traveling, serving as officials, or living in seclusion, were all moved by the beauty and elegance of this land, leaving behind countless widely loved poems and forming a clear, magnificent poetic corridor stretching for a thousand years.
The Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai once traveled to Lishui and wrote in "Seeing Off Wei Wan, the Mountain Man of Wangwu, on His Return to Wangwu" (送王屋山人魏万还王屋) the timeless masterpiece: "The valleys of Jinyun are difficult, but Shimen is the most remarkable. Waterfalls hang from the Big Dipper; one cannot fathom the end of these waters." This admiration, expressed after traversing countless mountains, precisely illustrates the unique position of Lishui's landscapes in the hearts of Tang Dynasty literati.
The Song Dynasty was the golden age of Lishui's poetic lineage. Qin Guan once served as an official in Chuzhou and wrote "Hao Shi Jin · Composed in a Dream" (好事近·梦中作): "Spring rain adds flowers to the road, flowers stir a mountain of spring scenery... Drunk, lying under the shade of ancient vines, I no longer know north from south." In just a few words, he captured the beauty of the landscapes and the sorrow of official life. Lu You passed through Chuzhou multiple times; the beauty of Chuzhou's landscapes, the elegance of Nanyuan, and his remembrance of Qin Guan made Lu You intoxicated and reluctant to leave, also stirring his heart and causing poetry to flow like a spring, leaving behind works such as "Four Poems on Nanyuan" (南园四首) and "Yinghua Pavilion" (莺花亭).
From the Ming and Qing dynasties onward, Lishui remained a place yearned for by literati. The Ming Dynasty playwright Tang Xianzu, using the tranquil landscapes of Lishui, clean governance, and harmonious pastoral scenes as his blueprint, wrote in "The Peony Pavilion · Encouraging Farming" (牡丹亭·劝农): "The mountains are clear, the waters are clear, people walk on the mountain-shadow road, spring clouds arise everywhere; officials are clean, clerks are clean, villagers have no business at the courthouse, a few strains of farming songs are heard," expressing a longing for an ideal society. The Qing Dynasty Yuan Mei wrote the poem "Nanming Temple" (南明寺): "Taking a brief rest at Nanming Temple, the twin ponds are fragrant with lotus leaves. The mountains are deep, the clouds look ancient; the waterfall is thin, the water's sound is long." Through a series of images, this poem depicts the tranquil and ancient atmosphere of the Nanming Mountain area.
According to incomplete statistics, literati of all dynasties have left nearly ten thousand landscape poems in Lishui, involving over a thousand poets. These poems are not only vast in number, but also show common characteristics in theme, style, and thought: praising nature, expressing melancholy, and contemplating life. Together, they constitute a "millennium-long poetry collection with mountains as paper and water as ink," proving that Lishui's landscapes possess an eternal charm capable of continuously inspiring poetic creation and accommodating the poetic hearts of different eras.
Even more commendable is that Lishui itself has nurtured many outstanding local poets, such as Du Guangting of the Tang Dynasty, Ye Shaoweng of the Song Dynasty, Zhang Yungniang of the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Ji of the Ming Dynasty, and Duanmu Guohu of the Qing Dynasty. They wrote about their hometown's landscapes from a local perspective, securing Lishui's place in regional literature.
In summary, Lishui's superior geographical characteristics constitute a natural poetic realm, its profound humanistic heritage endows the landscapes with rich cultural connotations, it provided nourishment for Xie Lingyun's groundbreaking landscape poetry creation, and its poetic lineage spanning a thousand years demonstrates the far-reaching influence of this "cradle."
(Zhou Ping)
Return to TopIn recent years, Changle County (昌乐县), Weifang City, Shandong Province, centering on the goals of "building a scholarly society and constructing high-quality urban-rural cultural spaces," has directly confronted problems in traditional grassroots cultural positions such as single-function spaces, insufficient resource integration, and poor supply-demand linkage. It has innovatively created a distinctive quality academy matrix, with reverence for culture and nurturing of people, and cultural lineage inheritance as its core. Adhering to differentiated layout, systematized supply, and closed-loop operation, it has pushed grassroots cultural services to deeply transform from "basic coverage" to "culture moistening hearts and empowering good governance." At present, the county has built 20 distinctive cultural communities (academies), 28 Chaoran study rooms (book houses) (超然书房), and 310 rural book houses (农家书屋), of which 6 distinctive cultural academies have been included in provincial-level pilot projects. The short video of the Weijiao Industrial Culture Center (潍焦工业文化中心) reading space was selected as a provincial-level excellent case of "Scholarly Shandong" (书香山东).
Building Diverse Composite "Cultural Landmarks"
Changle County has broken the "千篇一律 (qiān piān yī lǜ - "a thousand pieces, one pattern," stereotyped and uniform)" construction model of traditional cultural positions. Based on site characteristics, population structure, and cultural differences, it has pushed cultural academies to transform from single "activity venues" to diverse composite "cultural landmarks."
Carrying out "one place, one brand" planning and design. The county has systematically surveyed and sorted out various regional cultural resources including historical lineage, industrial heritage, and local intangible cultural heritage, drawn a county-wide cultural gene map, precisely carried out academy site selection, theme positioning, and functional planning, classified and revitalized existing carriers such as ancient town sites, historical relics, and former residences of celebrities, and differentially built 20 distinctive cultural academies including celebrity academies, study-tour academies, and industrial heritage academies. Focusing on the cultural needs of different groups, it has subdivided service scenarios and matched multiple functions such as study-tour experiences, cultural inheritance, and convenience services, forming "one academy, one scenery; one academy, one characteristic," complementing and reinforcing each other with civilization practice positions at all levels, effectively expanding the cultural service radius.
Implementing "one place, one policy" operation plans. Breaking the traditional path of fixed cultural position functions and homogenized activities, and combining the population structure and mass activity preferences of each academy area, the county has customized differentiated spatial layouts and exclusive service functions, ensuring that each academy's hardware layout, service formats, and activity types are 因地制宜 (yīn dì zhì yí - "set measures according to local conditions," adapt measures to local conditions) and precisely matched, truly realizing precise matching of grassroots cultural service supply and demand, making cultural academies a warm spiritual home at the masses' doorstep.
Building a "cloud sharing" cultural position. Focusing on problems such as the difficulty of sinking high-quality cultural resources, narrow coverage, and weak timeliness, the county has proactively connected with the provincial cultural digital-intelligence platform, linked more than 1,700 provincial-level quality course resources, and routinely sunk them to cultural academies, filling the gap in grassroots course resources. Relying on the "Wenhui Neighborhood" (文汇邻里) mini-program and the "i-Changle" (爱昌乐) APP to build online service portals, it pushes real-time information on public welfare training, benefit-the-people fairs, family tradition sharing, skills classrooms, and other activities. The masses can make online reservations and registrations, study on the cloud at any time, and participate in person offline, constructing a three-dimensional service system of "online cloud empowerment, offline real-scene experience."
Building a Region-Wide Linked Supply System
Changle County adheres to a mass-demand orientation, coordinates various resources, strengthens the talent team, and optimizes the curriculum system, realizing the transformation of cultural services from scattered activities to regular education of people.
Building a "three-party coordination" supply structure. The county has established a three-party linkage mechanism of "government coordination, market empowerment, and social participation," sorted out 10 categories of basic resource lists including policy publicity, science education, and health care services, and formed a "basic guarantee package" for cultural services; introduced professional cultural institutions through government purchase of services, routinely carried out benefit-the-people projects such as public welfare performances, culture going to the countryside, and art popularization, with an annual average of more than 4,000 sessions of culture going to the countryside; absorbed more than 80 social organizations into the cultural resource database, providing customized volunteer services and skills training according to mass demands, forming a diversified supply model with complementary resources and supply-demand adaptation, truly opening up the complete chain of public cultural services reaching the grassroots and benefiting the masses.
Building a "four-member linkage" talent team. In response to the characteristics of high mobility in civilization practice service teams, the county has innovatively implemented the mechanism of "instructor stationing + cultural academy claiming," dispatched 36 grassroots cultural instructors to sink to the front line and take root at the grassroots, cumulatively carrying out 54 grassroots guidance activities covering more than 6,800 person-times, effectively consolidating the foundation of grassroots cultural services. At the same time, it has built 4 teams of "professional navigation, local heritage, full-time operation, and youth assistance," strengthening the backbone force of grassroots cultural services. It has integrated professional teachers and industry experts to form navigation teams, routinely carrying out professional skills training, policy interpretation, and other services; excavated local talents such as intangible cultural heritage inheritors to serve as skills transmission instructors, relying on local stories to carry out down-to-earth and warm cultural dissemination; equipped full-time operation administrators to coordinate the daily operation and maintenance, activity planning, and resource connection of each academy; linked technical colleges to absorb young volunteers to participate in course teaching assistance and cultural research, continuously injecting youthful vitality into the construction of distinctive academies across the region.
Developing a "five major modules" curriculum system. Based on the cultural needs of residents across the full life cycle, the county has built an integrated curriculum system of policy required courses, elderly care and health, youth entrepreneurship empowerment, children's enlightenment, and geo-cultural study tours. It includes both universal courses such as health preservation, smart elderly assistance, parent-child education, and science and technology innovation practice, and localized and distinctive study courses such as intangible cultural heritage experiences, industrial study tours, traditional Chinese medicine health care, and family tradition sharing, pushing fragmented cultural services to transform into standardized and sustainable teaching content. At present, more than 30 types of distinctive courses have been developed, comprehensively meeting the diversified and personalized spiritual and cultural needs of different age groups.
Improving and Perfecting the Closed-Loop Service Mechanism
Changle County has built a complete work chain of demand investigation, resource matching, and effectiveness evaluation, ensuring that cultural resources land precisely and benefit the people over the long term.
Establishing a regular demand investigation mechanism. The county has fixed a quarterly demand research system, linked with the New Era Civilization Practice Stations (Sites) (新时代文明实践所（站）) of various towns, streets, and communities, integrated multiple channels such as grid workers' door-to-door visits, online questionnaire collection, mass symposiums, and home-school linkage, and collected cultural demands from all age groups; classified, sorted, and dynamically updated the national cultural demand database, precisely distinguishing the differentiated cultural preferences of different areas and age groups, providing solid data support for each academy to customize exclusive service projects and allocate characteristic resources. Truly achieving "whatever the masses need, the academy supplies," comprehensively improving the targeting of grassroots public cultural services.
Innovating the "three-list linkage" precise delivery model. Relying on multi-channel research results, the county has classified and sorted the differentiated cultural needs of each community and group, forming a dynamic "demand list"; integrated resources from party and government organs, social organizations, professional institutions, and other parties, sorted out and improved the "resource list"; precisely matched supply and demand according to population, region, and venue, generating personalized "service lists," opening online and offline ordering channels to the masses, realizing precise and direct delivery of public cultural services and efficient benefit to the people.
Building a "three-level linkage" effectiveness evaluation system. The county has established and improved an evaluation system, implementing routine quality and efficiency control over 20 distinctive academies across the county, carrying out special supervision every six months and organizing mass satisfaction surveys every quarter, forming a complete closed loop of "service implementation - mass evaluation - feedback and rectification - optimization and improvement." According to evaluation results, it dynamically adds or reduces service projects and allocates quality resources; distinctive courses with high mass recognition are promoted across the region, and services with relatively low suitability are promptly iterated and optimized, using institutionalized evaluation to force continuous quality and efficiency improvement of grassroots public cultural services.
(Publicity Department of the Changle County Party Committee, Shandong Province)
Return to TopTalent is the primary resource. Since 2026, the Anhui Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (Company) (安徽省烟草专卖局（公司）) has thoroughly implemented the Party's organizational line for the new era, taking the building of a young cadre contingent as the strategic cornerstone for promoting high-quality development, and clearly requiring all units to follow the laws of cadre growth and construct a whole-chain cultivation mechanism. The Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) (亳州市局（公司）), based on its actual conditions, plans and lays out its work with systematic thinking, striving to forge a high-caliber, professional young cadre contingent with firm political integrity, strong capabilities, and excellent work style, injecting lasting momentum into the development of the cause.
Building a Solid Ideological Foundation and Calibrating Value Coordinates
In improving political capability, the Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) insists on putting political standards first, clearly establishing the orientation of "德才兼备 (dé cái jiān bèi - "having both virtue and talent," possessing both moral integrity and professional competence), putting integrity first, valuing grassroots experience, and highlighting performance" in selecting and employing personnel. It efficiently coordinates the building of the talent contingent and continuously stimulates the intrinsic motivation of young cadres to work and start undertakings. Through normalizing political theory study and ideal and belief education, it guides young cadres to deeply understand the decisive significance of the "Two Establishments" (两个确立) and resolutely achieve the "Two Upholds" (两个维护).
In deepening the arming with the Party's innovative theory, the Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) takes strengthening the arming with the Party's innovative theory as the top priority, promoting Party members and cadres to read original works, study original texts, and comprehend principles. Relying on effective carriers such as the "Three Meetings and One Lesson" (三会一课) and themed Party Day activities, it guides young cadres to deeply study and carefully comprehend the Party's innovative theory, and to completely and accurately grasp the world view, methodology, and the standpoints, viewpoints, and methods running through it.
In highlighting political tempering, the Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) consciously selects and dispatches young cadres to the main fronts of reform and development and the foremost lines of serving the masses to undergo training, allowing them to transform theoretical knowledge into practical capability for work and entrepreneurship in the practice of handling complex contradictions and responding to risks and challenges, continuously improving political judgment, political comprehension, and political execution, so that they can be seen in ordinary times, stand forward at critical moments, and step up at times of crisis.
In strengthening education on political discipline and political rules, the Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) runs education on political discipline and political rules through the entire process of cadre cultivation, guiding young cadres to always be self-respecting, self-reflective, self-alert, and self-motivated, achieving prudence when alone, prudence at the beginning, prudence in small matters, and prudence in friendship. It normalizes study and education on the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and Party discipline, enabling young cadres to know reverence, maintain fear, and keep the bottom line, to become accustomed to working and living in an environment of supervision and constraint, and to build a solid dike of 拒腐防变 (jù fǔ fáng biàn - "resist corruption and prevent degeneration," to guard against corruption and moral decay) from the depths of their thoughts.
Strengthening Practical Training and Enhancing the Ability to Shoulder Responsibility
A knife is sharpened on a stone; a person is trained in affairs. The Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) adheres to the concept that "practice yields true knowledge, and practice grows true talent," resolutely abandoning "greenhouse seedling" style cultivation, allowing young cadres to weather storms, see the world, and strengthen their mettle in fiery practice.
Banking up soil and strengthening bones at the grassroots frontline. The grassroots is the "last kilometer" for policy implementation. The Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) systematically selects outstanding young cadres to take temporary posts in demanding positions such as comprehensive rural revitalization, petition handling and stability maintenance, and project construction. In the process of resolving specific contradictions one by one and handling practical matters concerning people's livelihood one by one, young cadres' ability to manage complex situations and solve practical problems has been significantly improved.
Sharpening abilities at key positions. For young cadres with potential and a sense of responsibility, the Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) establishes a goal orientation of "jumping up to touch higher," encouraging cadres to "leap up with full effort," while opposing "pole vaults that overdraw the future" and "squatting jumps of lying flat and slacking off." It places young cadres in urgent, difficult, dangerous, and heavy tasks for tempering and assessment, promoting young cadres to learn new knowledge and master new skills, and gradually forging a hard spine, iron shoulders, and true skills for taking responsibility and acting on the front line of overcoming difficulties.
Broadening horizons through multi-post training. In response to the problem that a single post can easily lead to limited horizons, the Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) establishes and improves a mechanism for multi-post exchange and training for young cadres, promoting orderly rotation of cadres among different business fields. This cross-field, multi-dimensional practice can help young cadres become familiar with the work patterns of various aspects, cultivate overall thinking and systematic concepts, and accelerate their growth into composite talents who understand both professionalism and management.
Combining Strict Management with Care and Love to Stimulate Enthusiasm for Work
Good cadres do not emerge naturally. Growing into a good cadre depends first on one's own efforts and second on organizational cultivation. The Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) insists on combining strict management with care and love, and placing equal emphasis on incentives and constraints, to stimulate the intrinsic motivation and overall vitality of the young cadre contingent.
It establishes and improves an assessment and evaluation system suited to the characteristics of young cadres, resolutely breaking down concepts such as "论资排辈 (lùn zī pái bèi - "rank by seniority and generation," to promote solely on the basis of seniority)" and "balance and favoritism," and clearly establishing the orientation of "judging heroes by actual performance." Assessment indicators highlight actual performance, ability, and responsibility, with emphasis on examining and evaluating cadres in major tasks and at critical moments. Through scientific assessment, it truly realizes "those who achieve have positions, and those who are capable rise," promoting the formation of a clear orientation in which "the capable rise, the excellent are rewarded, the mediocre step down, and the inferior are eliminated."
In response to the characteristics of young cadres who dare to venture and experiment, the Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) establishes and improves a fault-tolerance and error-correction mechanism, making clear that as long as exploratory mistakes are made out of public spirit, without seeking personal gain, and in line with the direction of reform, the organization will boldly tolerate and promptly correct errors, standing up for those who take responsibility and taking responsibility for those who are accountable. This atmosphere of tolerating failure and encouraging exploration protects the creative enthusiasm of young cadres to the greatest extent, allowing them to put down their burdens, 轻装上阵 (qīng zhuāng shàng zhèn - "go into battle with light equipment," to proceed without burdens or worries), and create more actual achievements.
The Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) continuously strengthens care and concern for young cadres, establishing and improving a normalized heart-to-heart talk system to promptly grasp the ideological dynamics of young cadres. At the same time, it pays close attention to the physical and mental health and practical difficulties of young cadres, actively creating conditions to help young cadres resolve their worries, providing all-round support politically, ideologically, in work, and in life, making the organization a strong backing that young cadres can trust and rely on.
Improving the Selection, Cultivation, Management, and Use Mechanism to Cultivate Fertile Soil for Growth
The cultivation of young cadres is a systematic project. The Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) takes a long-term view, plans comprehensively, and strives to build a selection, cultivation, management, and use mechanism covering the entire cycle of cadre growth.
Precisely "selecting seedlings" and broadly opening the path for the worthy. Breaking down departmental and regional barriers, it establishes a source discovery mechanism to discover and reserve outstanding young talents over a broader scope. In selection, political standards are highlighted, with both ability and potential taken into account. It builds a multi-level, multi-departmental normalized exchange mechanism, comprehensively promotes cross-field and cross-level cadre exchange, and unblocks channels for cadre growth.
Systematically "cultivating seedlings" and implementing precise drip irrigation. Following the laws of cadre growth, it tailors personalized cultivation plans for young cadres. It comprehensively promotes the "mentor system," arranging experienced seniors to conduct "one-on-one" passing on, helping, and leading, assisting young cadres to accelerate their transformation from the "new force" to the "main force."
Boldly "using seedlings" and building a broad stage. It insists on using cadres in cultivation and cultivating them in use, breaking down the concept of demanding perfection, and insisting on using cadres at the right time and according to their strengths. For outstanding young cadres who are clearly identified, have great potential, and dare to take responsibility, it dares to break conventions and promptly and boldly places them in important positions to shoulder the main burden. At the same time, it explores the establishment of a mechanism for exceptional promotion of outstanding young cadres, opening a "green channel" for cadres who step forward at critical moments and rush to the front in major tasks, allowing youth to shine in positions where they can best play their role.
The journey of ten thousand miles is driven by a strong wind; with heavy responsibilities weighing a thousand jun, we set out again. The Bozhou Municipal Bureau (Company) will continue to strengthen the building of the young cadre contingent, optimize the selection, cultivation, management, and use of cadres, and with systematic thinking forge more pillars of talent who are worthy of great use and able to shoulder heavy responsibilities, contributing Bozhou's strength to the high-quality development of the industry.
(Cheng Qiang (程强), Han Jiadong (韩家东))
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