Summary: The article, authored by the former Vice President of the Central Institute of Party History and Literature, elaborates on General Secretary Xi Jinping's call to "continuously carry forward and enhance the Party's fine qualities" at the 105th anniversary of the Communist Party of China. It details six fine qualities, including commitment to truth, rooting in the people, undertaking historical missions, following the trend of development, daring to struggle, and focusing on self-strengthening. The piece emphasizes the need to draw the power of truth, responsibility, and personality from these qualities to ensure the Party never changes its nature, color, or character. It underscores the importance of adhering to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and serving the people wholeheartedly. The article concludes by stressing the necessity of self-revolution and rigorous Party governance to maintain vitality and lead Chinese modernization.
Summary: The article argues that universities must coordinate talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy, as mandated by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee and guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping's directives. It frames this as a strategic choice for higher education to adapt to the new round of scientific and technological revolution and to enhance national competitiveness. The piece calls for systematic efforts in discipline optimization, educational paradigm construction, and faculty team building, emphasizing mechanisms like the integration of science and education, industry and education, and intelligence and education. It also stresses the need for strong Party leadership, scientific planning, comprehensive reform, and optimized resource allocation to build institutional mechanisms for coordinated talent cultivation. The author is the Party Secretary of Jilin University.
Summary: The article argues that leading cadres must remain vigilant in times of peace, citing General Secretary Xi Jinping's warning that despite good overall development, the path ahead is not without obstacles and strategic or subversive mistakes must be avoided. It stresses that prolonged stability breeds complacency, and that achievements do not insulate against risk but can amplify the impact of external shocks and great-power competition. The piece criticizes cadres who report only good news, treat bottom-line thinking as a slogan, or prioritize development over safety. It calls for improving political judgment and risk-screening mechanisms, and for turning danger into safety and crisis into opportunity through proactive struggle. The commentary concludes that only by integrating a sense of urgency into action can leading cadres fulfill their responsibilities on the new journey.
Summary: The article reports important remarks on the current global situation, stating that the once-in-a-century transformation is accelerating and the collective rise of the Global South is a key driving force for promoting world multipolarity. It notes that the international situation is marked by intertwined changes and turbulence, with various risks and challenges emerging one after another in an endless stream. The remarks emphasize that BRICS countries must seize the historical initiative, unite the vast number of Global South countries, and play a positive, stable, and constructive role in international affairs to enhance the common well-being of humanity.
Summary: The article discusses the role and implementation of new-type policy-based financial instruments in China, which are government-led financial tools designed to guide funds toward key areas and weak links in economic development. It highlights their dual objectives of expanding effective investment and promoting structural adjustment, with the 2025 instruments expected to leverage total investment of between 8 trillion and 11 trillion yuan. The piece identifies challenges such as inadequate project screening, bottlenecks in fund deployment, weak post-investment management, and insufficient central-local coordination. It proposes pathways including improving institutional safeguards, balancing growth stabilization with structural adjustment, promoting synergy among diversified funds, enhancing full life-cycle project management, and strengthening risk prevention. The article does not mention the United States or U.S.-China relations.
Summary: The article discusses how "China Services" is expanding into global markets, driven by digital technology, industrial integration, and institutional opening-up, and showcased at the China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS). It highlights that from January to July 2026, China's services trade reached 4,446.71 billion yuan, with knowledge-intensive service exports growing 12.2 percent, and notes that AI-related cases accounted for nearly 40 percent of the "China Services" exhibition area. The piece also describes a new "overseas expansion services" zone at CIFTIS, which provides legal, financial, and consulting support to help enterprises go global, citing examples like Zigong's lanterns and the BeiDou spatiotemporal platform. It acknowledges challenges such as fragmented global rules, hidden market barriers, and a lack of international experience among domestic firms, calling for institutional opening-up and alignment with international high-standard economic and trade rules. Finally, it recommends coordinated efforts at enterprise, industrial, government, and international cooperation levels to promote high-quality development of "China Services" going global.
Summary: The article explains the concept of the "deep-sea economy" as economic activities targeting deep-sea resources, including industries such as deep-sea oil and gas, mining, and genetic resource utilization, while noting intensifying global competition. It highlights four features—high industrial value, favorable first-mover advantages, strong synergy among related industries, and high green technology standards—and proposes focusing on two directions: laying out the entire deep-sea mining industrial chain and accelerating the industrialization of deep-sea biological genetic resources. The piece emphasizes China's advantages, such as five international seabed exploration contracts and the world's largest marine microbial resource preservation bank, while urging breakthroughs in technology and commercialization. It calls for innovation in management systems, fiscal and tax support, and active participation in global governance, including the BBNJ Agreement, to transform the deep-sea economy into a new growth driver. The author is identified as Deputy Director of the National Marine Data and Information Service.
Summary: The Social Security Comprehensive Governance Center is an important platform for carrying out comprehensive social security governance and advancing the construction of a Peaceful China, serving as a venue for centrally accepting and handling the demands of the masses. Established in Fengqiao Town in 2002 and standardized through Party regulations and central opinions, 2,848 county-level centers nationwide were operational as of August 2025, transitioning from local pilots to nationwide rollout. The article notes that while the center plays an increasingly important role in resolving grassroots conflicts, some places face problems such as over-reliance on administrative forces, insufficient integration of conflict resolution with grassroots consultation, and incomplete institutional support. To address these issues, it recommends strengthening resource integration to enhance mass participation, advancing standardized construction in venue setup, department presence, operational mechanisms, supervision, and information technology, and strengthening team building through enriched work forces, education and training, and improved management incentives.
Summary: The article discusses how to better leverage off-site law enforcement, which uses technology like the Internet, big data, and AI for remote supervision, and is applied in fields such as transportation and ecological environment. It notes that while the institutional foundation has been consolidated, issues remain, including unclear scope of application, insufficiently standardized procedures, and inadequate protection of parties' rights. The piece proposes clarifying application boundaries, improving procedural rules, enhancing technical standards, and strengthening supervision and remedies to improve quality and efficiency. It highlights local explorations, such as Guangdong Province's measures and Wuhu City's inspection list, as examples of beneficial practices.
Summary: The article, authored by the former Vice President of the Central Institute of Party History and Literature, elaborates on General Secretary Xi Jinping's call to "continuously carry forward and enhance the Party's fine qualities" at the 105th anniversary of the Communist Party of China. It details six fine qualities, including commitment to truth, rooting in the people, undertaking historical missions, following the trend of development, daring to struggle, and focusing on self-strengthening. The piece emphasizes the need to draw the power of truth, responsibility, and personality from these qualities to ensure the Party never changes its nature, color, or character. It underscores the importance of adhering to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and serving the people wholeheartedly. The article concludes by stressing the necessity of self-revolution and rigorous Party governance to maintain vitality and lead Chinese modernization.
Summary: China Baowu Steel Group, as a central state-owned enterprise, has adhered to Xi Jinping Thought and the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, implementing a correct view of political achievements to improve operational quality and receive an A-grade evaluation for 10 consecutive years. The company has prioritized ideological guidance, strategic planning, and practical work, focusing on serving the national strategy, scientific and technological self-reliance, and green low-carbon development. It has advanced AI applications in steel, with over 500 scenarios implemented and global first launches of products, while also progressing the Simandou iron ore project. Under the guidance of the Central Seventh Guidance Group, the Baowu Party Committee conducted special investigations, identified 33 problems, and formulated 128 rectification measures, alongside resolving historical issues and implementing over 1,300 employee projects. The company aims to build a world-class enterprise, contributing to Chinese modernization through strengthened cadre training and institutional optimization.
Summary: The article discusses the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of PetroChina's efforts to study and practice the Iron Man's "Five Talks," five maxims proposed by Wang Jinxi that emphasize loyalty to the Party, reliance on the masses, collective achievement, self-criticism, and historical continuity. It identifies four types of deviations in the view of political achievements within the scientific research field, including misplaced value and demand orientations, collaboration barriers, and mechanism shortcomings. The piece calls for anchoring political loyalty, promoting conceptual transformation, and winning "four tough battles" to empower the main oil and gas business. It also stresses strengthening capabilities, platforms, and support systems to build a world-class research institute. The author, the Party Secretary of the institute, concludes by reaffirming the institute's commitment to safeguarding national energy security through sustained scientific research innovation.
Summary: Huadian Overseas Investment Co., Ltd., as the main force of China Huadian Corporation Ltd. in international cooperation, has promoted the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative through infrastructure "hard connectivity," rules and standards "soft connectivity," and "people-to-people connectivity." The company's business covers 9 countries including Indonesia, Cambodia, and Kazakhstan, with total assets reaching 37.2 billion yuan and cumulative power generation exceeding 75.8 billion kilowatt-hours as of July 2026. It has built high-quality projects such as the Sihanoukville project in Cambodia and the Bojaya project in Indonesia, bringing Chinese standards, technology, and equipment overseas while emphasizing green development and clean energy expansion. The company has also engaged in social responsibility efforts including education, livelihood improvement, and cultural exchange activities across its overseas projects. Looking ahead, it will continue to deepen energy cooperation in Belt and Road partner countries and contribute to building a community with a shared future for mankind.
Summary: The article recounts how Yin Yuzhen, a National Model Worker from Uxin Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, was reunited after 26 years with American teacher Ronald Sakolsky, whom she called "Saikesi," after he donated $5,000 to support her desertification-control efforts in the Mu Us Sandy Land. It details her decades of persistence in planting trees, developing localized techniques, and driving local villagers to join the greening cause, transforming the sandy land into an oasis. The piece highlights her development of "Yuzhen Desert Millet" and a green industrial chain, with Uxin Banner's treatment rate reaching 85% and forest coverage rising to 32.92%. On August 23, 2026, Saikesi arrived at Ordos Ejin Horo International Airport, where the two embraced, fulfilling her promise to show him the more than 50,000 trees nurtured by his donation. The story emphasizes cross-border goodwill, human warmth, and the ecological achievements of Uxin Banner under Party and government support.
Summary: The article discusses what contemporary entrepreneurs can learn from Zhang Jian, a late Qing dynasty industrialist, as a television drama about his life airs on CCTV-1 in 2026, the centenary of his death. It highlights four lessons: patriotism and service to the country, entrepreneurial perseverance through hardship, social responsibility in pursuing both righteousness and profit, and innovative vision in industrial development. The piece quotes Mao Zedong's praise of Zhang Jian and General Secretary Xi Jinping's characterization of him as "a model of patriotic entrepreneurs" and "a paragon of our nation's entrepreneurs." It emphasizes Zhang's founding of the Dasheng Cotton Mill, his devotion of personal wealth to education and public welfare, and his focus on the real economy and technological innovation. The article concludes that Zhang's spiritual legacy remains relevant today, urging entrepreneurs to integrate enterprise development with national destiny and embrace innovation.
Summary: The article argues that soundscapes offer a way for cities to escape the homogenization of "cities having identical appearances" by providing a unique auditory imprint of regional culture and daily life. It highlights examples like Beijing's tramcar bells, Xi'an's Qin opera, and Chengdu's Sichuan opera, which help people "immerse" themselves in a city's temperament rather than merely observe it. The piece proposes incorporating soundscape design into urban planning, preserving street-life auditory memories through digital archives, and encouraging citizen participation via street performances and social media co-creation activities. It concludes that using sound to step out of visual sameness opens a softer, more immersive path for urban development, making cities living communities with stories, warmth, and soul.
Summary: The article explains "intelligence-native" as a paradigm shift where AI is treated as a foundational condition for designing products, services, and organizations, rather than as an add-on tool, drawing historical parallels to electricity and the internet. It argues that "AI application" only accelerates local components, while intelligence-native requires redesigning systems to unleash systemic value, citing Amdahl's Law and emerging "new species" like agents, new organizational forms, and new business models. The piece emphasizes that these new species need a new ecosystem of infrastructure—computing power, data, and agent interconnection networks—along with institutional safeguards. It notes that the United States is prioritizing AI-driven scientific research in its national innovation system, and warns that global competition in this area is fundamentally a contest of cognition and thought. The author is identified as the director of the Industrial Internet and IoT Research Institute of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology.
Summary: The article discusses the rapid development and governance challenges of medical intelligent agents in China, following the issuance of policy documents by multiple government departments in 2025. It outlines four major risks: data security, algorithmic bias, behavioral loss-of-control, and liability determination. The piece highlights the 2026 *Expert Consensus on the Application and Governance of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Institutions*, which establishes a governance framework emphasizing human-machine collaboration, tiered admission, and strict oversight of high-risk applications. It also compares international approaches, noting the U.S. Coalition for Health AI's governance guides, the WHO's findings on EU readiness, and Japan's soft-law strategy. The article concludes by advocating for coordinated governance at institutional, implementation, and sustained safeguard levels, stressing that intelligent agents cannot replace doctors' final judgment.
Summary: The article reflects on General Secretary Xi Jinping's keynote speech at the 2026 World Artificial Intelligence Conference, where he posed the question: "When machines begin to think, how should humanity coexist with them?" It argues that this question is foundational, as establishing human subjectivity underpins the issues of safety, governance, and inclusive benefit. The piece asserts that machines do not possess self-consciousness and that humans remain the producers of meaning and measure of value, despite AI's advanced cognitive capacities. It outlines China's practice of "people-centeredness" and "striving for progress and goodness," emphasizing that AI must remain under human control, with measures such as safeguarding final human decision-making and raising intelligent literacy. The article concludes that the answer lies in humanity's choices, not algorithms, and calls for global governance to prevent a few countries from monopolizing AI rules and dividends.
Summary: The article discusses the need to improve China's watershed ecological compensation mechanism, which regulates economic interests between ecological protectors and beneficiaries. It identifies problems including a lack of coordinated management, insufficient marketization, non-standardized accounting methods, single funding sources, and weak supervision. The piece outlines basic requirements such as clarifying compensation subjects and objects, refining standards, exploring suitable compensation methods, and conducting performance evaluations. Optimization paths include clarifying rights and obligations, building service platforms, determining compensation scope, broadening financing channels, and strengthening supervision. The author is a researcher at the Rural Development Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
Summary: The article argues that China's paid-use system for natural resources must be deepened to truly take effect, citing gaps in policy coordination and implementation. It calls for stronger institutional design, including better coordination among individual laws and differentiated designs for various resources. The piece also urges clarifying the boundary between market mechanisms and government functions, such as narrowing free allocation and expanding paid use. It advocates improving price formation by incorporating resource acquisition and ecological costs, and safeguarding rights holders through better revenue acquisition and distribution. The commentary emphasizes reforms like resource tax collection, ecological compensation, and aligning administrative and financial powers between central and local governments.
Summary: The article argues that universities must coordinate talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy, as mandated by the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee and guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping's directives. It frames this as a strategic choice for higher education to adapt to the new round of scientific and technological revolution and to enhance national competitiveness. The piece calls for systematic efforts in discipline optimization, educational paradigm construction, and faculty team building, emphasizing mechanisms like the integration of science and education, industry and education, and intelligence and education. It also stresses the need for strong Party leadership, scientific planning, comprehensive reform, and optimized resource allocation to build institutional mechanisms for coordinated talent cultivation. The author is the Party Secretary of Jilin University.
Summary: The article highlights how the Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering of Nuclear Industry under CNNC integrates Party building with scientific and technological innovation to tackle key core technologies and cultivate new quality productive forces. The Party Committee prioritizes political construction, implements the director responsibility system under Party Committee leadership, and uses mechanisms like the "first agenda item" system and tiered learning to align research with national strategy. It promotes "Party building +" project-based management, achieving breakthroughs in stable isotopes and key technologies with over 300 urgent tasks completed and more than 100 bottlenecks resolved. Talent cultivation is central, with a four-dimensional model, incentives exceeding 5 million yuan, and major projects serving as training grounds for young researchers. The institute also builds a cultural and integrity-focused environment, earning numerous awards and over 1,200 valid patents, while anchoring on becoming a world-class leader in isotope technology.
Summary: The Bengbu Municipal Bureau (Company) of the Tobacco Monopoly Bureau of Anhui Province is promoting a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, adhering to the integrated planning of development and security during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. The bureau has established a "grand security" concept through theoretical study, Party building, and security education, while innovatively building the "Zhong'an 365" resilient safety management system to advance safety production. It is deepening the construction of the rule of law, regulating administrative law enforcement, and creating a clean culture through risk prevention and control lists and themed activities. The bureau is also consolidating propaganda positions, enhancing public opinion guidance, and shouldering responsibility for petition stability by practicing the Fengqiao model in the new era. The article concludes that the bureau will firmly shoulder political responsibility, adhere to bottom-line thinking, and safeguard the new development pattern with a new security pattern.
By: 吴德刚
At the celebration of the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must, in light of new realities, continuously carry forward and enhance the Party's fine qualities, ensure that the Party never changes its nature, its color, or its character, and always retains strong creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness." This important statement provides the fundamental guideline and practical requirements for our deep understanding of the fine qualities of the Communist Party of China. Being committed to the pursuit of truth, always keeping the correct direction of advance; being deeply rooted in the people, always possessing a solid foundation; bravely undertaking historical missions, always grasping strategic initiative; following the trend of development, always staying at the forefront of the times; daring and being good at struggle, always maintaining confidence in victory; focusing on strengthening itself, always full of vigor and vitality. The fine qualities of the Communist Party of China are the precious spiritual wealth of Communists and an important component of the lofty spiritual character of the Communist Party of China. To implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important statements, we must draw the power of truth, the power of responsibility, and the power of personality from the fine qualities of the Communist Party of China.
Being committed to the pursuit of truth, ensuring that the cause of the Party and the people advances in the correct direction
"Being committed to the pursuit of truth, always keeping the correct direction of advance" reflects the distinct political ideal and firm political direction of the Communist Party of China. Truth is the correct reflection of the essence of objective things and their laws; only by adhering to truth can one understand the essence of things, grasp objective laws, and ultimately grasp the correct direction of history. Over the past one hundred years and more, the Chinese working class found Marxism as its ideological weapon, which was accepted and applied by the Chinese people, becoming a powerful ideological weapon for the Chinese people to transform the world, guiding China's revolution, construction, reform, and the great practice of the new era to continuously achieve success and create one miracle after another. The history of the past one hundred years and more has fully proven that the reason why the Communist Party of China can do it and why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good ultimately lies in the fact that Marxism works, and the sinicized and modernized Marxism works.
Being committed to the pursuit of truth means adhering to and carrying forward the power of Marxist truth, and always adhering to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the latest achievement of the sinicization and modernization of Marxism. On the new journey, it is necessary to thoroughly study, understand, and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in light of the new situation, and consciously become firm believers and faithful practitioners of scientific truth. We must deeply grasp the laws of Communist Party governance, the laws of socialist construction, and the laws of the development of human society contained in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply grasp its worldview, methodology, and the standpoints, viewpoints, and methods running through it, deeply understand the advanced theoretical character and spiritual quality of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply understand the firm ideals and convictions, strong sense of responsibility, profound feelings for the family and the country, deep historical vision, and rigorous style of seeking truth from facts of the Chinese Communists contained therein, and deeply understand the noble spiritual quality and lofty value pursuit of the Chinese Communists with Comrade Xi Jinping as the main representative.
Being deeply rooted in the people, consciously practicing the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly
"Being deeply rooted in the people, always possessing a solid foundation" reflects the nature and purpose of the Communist Party of China. The value pursuit of a political party is always a fundamental and directional issue. The Communist Party of China comes from the people. When the pioneers of the Communist Party of China founded the Party, they deeply recognized that "we must not forget the two major laws," namely, that all movements of the Party must go deep into the broad masses; and that within the Party there must be organization and training adapted to the revolution. The history of struggle of the Communist Party of China is, in the final analysis, a history of serving the people wholeheartedly. The practice of the past one hundred years and more has proven that the "two major laws" are precisely an important source of the advanced nature and purity of the Communist Party of China, and also an important magic weapon for strengthening the Party's own construction, directly related to the rise and fall, success and failure, and future and destiny of the Party. It is also precisely because the Party is deeply rooted in the people that during the War of Resistance Against Japan, our Party relied on the people to make the Japanese aggressors fall into the vast ocean of people's war; during the War of Liberation, our Party relied on the common people, using small carts to push out the victory of the Huaihai Campaign, and using small boats to row out the victory of the Yangtze River Crossing Campaign; the achievements of the period of socialist revolution and construction were obtained by the masses of the people through untold hardships; and the great historical achievements of the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization were even more created by hundreds of millions of people boldly emancipating their minds and daring to try and break through. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the "people's aspiration for a better life is our goal of struggle" proposed by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has interpreted the fundamental political stance and value orientation of the Communist Party of China, and is also the practical pursuit of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
Looking back at history, the Communist Party of China, relying on the trust and support of the people, grew from small to large, from weak to strong, and after experiencing one trial and setback after another, finally developed and grew to where it is today; looking to the future, only by not failing the people can the Communist Party of China closely rely on the people and continue to write a new chapter in the great cause of the Party that will last for generations. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Everyone must always have the common people in their hearts, worry before the world worries, and rejoice after the world rejoices, and achieve not seeking personal gain and being selfless and devoted to public duty. With regard to personal reputation, status, and interests, one must think them through and view them lightly. We must make every effort to solve the most direct and realistic interests of the people that they are most concerned about, especially to make great efforts to solve the problems that the people are dissatisfied with, and do more things that provide timely help." On the new journey, every Communist Party member, especially leading cadres, must forever remember the Party's purpose, always put the people in the highest position in their hearts, and regard doing things for the people and bringing well-being to the people as the most important achievement.
Bravely undertaking historical missions, firmly grasping the leadership and initiative in the development of the cause
"Bravely undertaking historical missions, always grasping strategic initiative" fully reflects the original aspiration and historical consciousness of the Communist Party of China. A mission is the purpose and value of the existence of a political party and an organization. As a Marxist political party, the Communist Party of China is a faithful believer and firm practitioner of Marxism. From the day of its founding, it has upheld the lofty ideal of making contributions to humanity, always closely linking its own destiny with the destiny of the country, the nation, and the people of the world, taking the realization of communism as a "world-historical" existence as its lifelong goal of struggle, and taking the promotion of the free and comprehensive development of every individual as its lofty and far-reaching ideal. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Party led the peasants to "overthrow the local tyrants and divide up the land," carrying out a revolution against the feudal land ownership system that had lasted for several thousand years, fundamentally changing the economic and political status of the broad masses of peasants who were oppressed and exploited. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Communist Party of China was the first to raise the banner of armed resistance against Japan, actively assumed the historical responsibility of saving the country and the people, extensively carried out the movement of resistance against Japan and national salvation, and became a mainstay or pillar in difficult times (中流砥柱, zhongliu didhu - "middle, stream; pillar, support") for the whole nation's war of resistance. During the War of Liberation, the Party relied on the people to overthrow the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, established the People's Republic of China, and realized the great leap of China from several thousand years of feudal autocratic politics to people's democracy. In the period of socialist revolution and construction, the Communist Party of China led the people in unremitting struggle, committed to building the socialist system. In the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, the Party proposed that "common prosperity" is the essential requirement of socialism, and explored a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics in great practice. Entering the new era, our Party has coordinated the advancement of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan (五位一体) and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy (四个全面), led the people to historically solve the problem of absolute poverty, completed the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects as scheduled, achieved the First Centenary Goal, and embarked on the new journey of achieving the Second Centenary Goal. Chinese modernization has continued to advance, not only contributing momentum and opportunities to global development, but also further expanding the development space of world modernization, and contributing Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese strength to solving the major problems facing human society.
Over the past one hundred years and more, generation after generation of Chinese Communists have always stood at the forefront of the proletarian revolutionary struggle, always keeping in mind the original aspiration and mission of the Communist Party of China, with a high degree of political consciousness, grasping historical initiative, launching heroic struggles to complete the tasks entrusted by history, and leading the ship of history to advance proudly. On the new historical journey, the central task of the Communist Party of China is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country, achieve the Second Centenary Goal, and comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization. This is also the solemn historical responsibility of contemporary Chinese Communists. Facing the intertwined and mutually surging world conditions and national conditions, higher requirements are placed on our Party's courage, determination, and responsibility. Under such circumstances, how to open up and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics is a responsibility that the Communist Party of China must assume. On the new journey, in the face of the new situation and new tasks, we must always stay true to the Party's original aspiration and founding mission, strengthen historical confidence, grasp historical initiative, bravely assume the mission of national rejuvenation, fully stimulate the historical initiative spirit of all the people, continuously advance the great cause of Chinese modernization, and continue to forge ahead to achieve the Second Centenary Goal.
Following the trend of development, promoting all work of the Party to reflect the characteristics of the times, grasp the laws, and be full of creativity
"Following the trend of development, always staying at the forefront of the times" reflects the broad mind of the Communist Party of China. The historical consciousness and world vision of a political party determine its historical choices and direction of advance. Over the past one hundred years and more, the Communist Party of China has clearly grasped China's national conditions and the themes of the times, actively recognized, responded to, and sought changes, forged ahead with keen determination, and promoted all work of the Party to continuously reflect the characteristics of the times, grasp the laws, and be full of creativity, leading the country and the nation to advance in the logic of historical progress and develop in the trend of the development of the times. Over the past one hundred years and more, the Communist Party of China has been good at summing up historical experience, always consciously grasping the laws of Communist Party governance, the laws of socialist construction, and the laws of the development of human society, and on this basis grasping historical initiative. In order to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the Communist Party of China united and led the Chinese people, fighting bloody battles and unyieldingly, creating the great achievements of the new democratic revolution, establishing the People's Republic of China where the people are the masters of the country, realizing national independence and the liberation of the people, and enabling the Chinese people to turn from passivity to initiative spiritually. After the founding of New China, in order to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the Communist Party of China united and led the Chinese people, relying on their own efforts and striving to become stronger, creating the great achievements of socialist revolution and construction. After reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China united and led the Chinese people, emancipating their minds and forging ahead with keen determination, realizing a great turning point of far-reaching significance in the history of the Party since the founding of New China, establishing the Party's basic line for the primary stage of socialism, overcoming risks and challenges from all sides, and creating, adhering to, defending, and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, providing an institutional guarantee full of new vitality and material conditions for rapid development for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Communist Party of China has united and led the Chinese people, being confident and self-reliant, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, coordinating the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream, creating the great achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, achieving the First Centenary Goal, clarifying the strategic arrangements for achieving the Second Centenary Goal, and making historic achievements and undergoing historic changes in the cause of the Party and the country, providing more complete institutional guarantees, a more solid material foundation, and a more proactive spiritual force for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Being good at following the trend of development is our historical choice for facing the future, continuing to advance, and continuously achieving victory. In the new era, we must remember that each generation has its own mission, grasp the general trend of historical development, be brave to take responsibility, and actively act. Closely focusing on the supreme interests and core positions of the Party and the country, we must make unremitting efforts to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Seeking truth from facts, putting courage first, tempering the spiritual will to take responsibility and act, not fearing risks and difficulties, and boldly and resolutely doing everything that is beneficial to the Party and the people, achieving not avoiding difficulties and not shirking responsibilities. In particular, young leading cadres must forge excellent abilities, consciously go to the wind and rain to temper themselves, grow their abilities and strengthen their backbone in the midst of wind and rain and experience, and forge the hard spine, iron shoulders, and real skills for taking responsibility and acting.
Daring and being good at struggle, consciously overcoming difficulties, fighting risks, and meeting challenges with historical initiative spirit
"Daring and being good at struggle, always maintaining confidence in victory" reflects the firm will and character and historical confidence of the Communist Party of China. The spirit of struggle is the inherent theoretical character and practical requirement of Marxism, and it is also the innate backbone of our Party. All the achievements made by the Party and the people did not fall from the sky, nor were they bestowed by others, but were obtained through the great struggles of the Party and the people who were not afraid of bloodshed and sacrifice. Over the past one hundred years and more, Chinese Communists have adhered to and carried forward the spirit of not fearing sacrifice and heroic struggle, and with the iron will of remaining unmoved no matter how the wind and rain come, have encouraged the people of the whole country to continuously move from victory to victory. At the very beginning of its birth, the Communist Party of China demonstrated the most resolute, most thorough, and uncompromising spirit of struggle of a proletarian party. The founding congress of the Communist Party of China was held in secret under the white terror of reactionary rule, which in itself demonstrated the struggle spirit of the pioneers. Shortly after the founding of the Communist Party of China, it quickly plunged into the revolutionary torrent of organizing and launching the workers' movement and the peasants' movement, organizing the broad masses to carry out a series of heroic struggles against reactionary forces at home and abroad. According to statistics, from 1921 to 1923 alone, the Communist Party of China successively led more than 100 workers' strikes, setting off the first upsurge of the Chinese workers' movement, fully demonstrating the revolutionary spirit of heroic struggle. Entering the new era, whether it is the Party leading the people to win the battle against poverty or fighting the century's epidemic, it has provided a source of strength for our Party to overcome difficulties and challenges and ultimately achieve great victories and historic achievements.
Over the past one hundred years and more, daring to struggle and daring to win have always been the powerful spiritual force that the Party and the people cannot be defeated by. The establishment of the Communist Party of China, the founding of the People's Republic of China, the implementation of reform and opening up, and the advancement of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era were all born in struggle, developed in struggle, and grew stronger in struggle. Our Party has reached today by relying on struggle, and it will inevitably rely on struggle to win the future. In the new era, facing changes unseen in a century in the world, the historical journey of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is full of thorns and challenges. We must maintain the spirit of not fearing sacrifice and heroic struggle from the time of the Party's founding, maintain a childlike heart towards the people, and achieve the courage to struggle. We must not only be good at enhancing the initiative of struggle amid risks and challenges, maintaining a strong sense of urgency and risk awareness; but also enhance the artistry of struggle, deeply understand the long-term nature of struggle, and always remember that "be secure without forgetting danger, survive without forgetting demise, and be governed without forgetting chaos." The greater the difficulties and the more contradictions, the more severe the situation and the more complex the circumstances, the more we must pay attention to the strategy and art of struggle.
Focusing on strengthening itself, promoting the Party to become stronger and more powerful through revolutionary tempering
"Focusing on strengthening itself, always full of vigor and vitality" reflects the self-revolution spirit of the Communist Party of China. Being brave in self-revolution is a notable symbol that distinguishes the Communist Party of China from other political parties, is the most distinctive character of our Party, and is the powerful support for our Party to always maintain its youthful vitality. Practice has proven that being brave in self-revolution, insisting on turning the blade inward, and daring to wage a resolute struggle against the Party's own problems are an important magic weapon for our Party to continuously obtain truth and adhere to truth, and are the precious historical experience of the Communist Party of China. Over the past one hundred years and more, Chinese Communists have continuously strengthened Party building, been brave in self-revolution, enabling the Party to always maintain its advanced nature and purity, always stay at the forefront of the times, and always become the mainstay of the people of the whole country. At the very beginning of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the pioneers, with a thorough and uncompromising attitude, resolutely engaged in debates with anarchism, resolutely drew a clear line with revisionism, making the Communist Party of China from the very beginning a vanguard of the working class guided by Marxism-Leninism, with unified organization and strict discipline. The Party has always unremittingly carried out self-revolution in its long-term arduous struggle. From the Yan'an Rectification Movement to the "Three Anti" campaign after the founding of New China, from the "Three Emphases" education to the education activities for maintaining the advanced nature of Communist Party members, from the Party's mass line education and practice activities to the "Three Stricts and Three Honests" special education, every centralized education activity of the Party has been a targeted attack on prominent problems within the Party. Over the past one hundred years and more, our Party has strengthened its own construction with the firmness and persistence of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party forever on the road, always standing at the forefront of the times and staying at the forefront of the times, providing political guarantees for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with strong leadership.
The spirit of self-revolution is the powerful support for the Party to always maintain its youthful vitality. An advanced Marxist political party is not born naturally, but is tempered through continuous self-revolution. The greatness of the Party does not lie in not making mistakes, but in never concealing its illnesses and avoiding medical treatment, daring to face problems directly, and being brave in self-revolution. As long as we continuously eliminate all factors that harm the advanced nature and purity of the Party, and continuously eliminate all viruses that erode the healthy body of the Party, we will certainly be able to ensure that the Party never changes its nature, its color, or its character, and ensure that the Party always becomes a strong leading core in the historical process of adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. At present, China is at a critical period of comprehensively promoting the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization. Communist Party members must adhere to and carry forward the spirit of struggle, bravely face the new risks and new challenges brought by the complex and ever-changing international environment, insist on turning the blade inward, strictly govern and manage the Party, continuously strengthen the Party's political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction, discipline construction, and institutional construction and the fight against corruption, and realize the continuous improvement of the Party's ability to self-purify, self-improve, self-reform, and self-enhance. In the face of major risks and powerful opponents, we must resolutely struggle, make no concession and yield no ground on matters of principle, dare to struggle against all erroneous words and deeds and unhealthy tendencies, and continuously advance the great practice of the Party's self-revolution in the new era of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party.
(The author is the former Vice President of the Central Institute of Party History and Literature)
Return to TopBy: 田辉
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the National Science and Technology Awards Conference, the General Assembly of Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the 11th National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology that it is necessary to optimize the mechanism for coordinated education between science and education, adhere to using talent in training and training talent in use, and focus on discovering and cultivating more outstanding young scientific and technological talent on the front line of scientific research. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China designated "coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy" as an important task for advancing the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. This not only reflects strategic thinking that keenly grasps the development trends of the global innovation landscape and the national innovation system, but also reflects a profound grasp of the dialectical unity between the laws of human development and the requirements of social development, setting clear task requirements and providing important guidance for the high-quality development of higher education. Universities are the concentrated intersection of education, science and technology, and talent, bearing the important responsibility of educating people for the Party and cultivating talent for the country. They should adhere to the integrated advancement of education, science and technology, and talent, actively explore the "trinity" coordinated and integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, systematically construct a new paradigm of coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy, and focus on cultivating innovative talent.
A Strategic Choice for Higher Education to Proactively Adapt to the New Round of Scientific and Technological Revolution and Industrial Transformation
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to giving priority to educational development, achieving self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and leading with talent, accelerate the building of a strong education system, a strong science and technology system, and a strong talent system, adhere to educating people for the Party and cultivating talent for the country, comprehensively improve the quality of independent talent cultivation, and focus on cultivating top-notch innovative talent. Coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy is an inevitable requirement for advancing the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, and is a strategic choice for higher education to proactively adapt to the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation.
An Important Path for the Integrated Advancement of Education, Science and Technology, and Talent Development. Education, science and technology, and talent are the foundational and strategic supports for comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and are key elements constituting the national innovation system. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that education, science and technology, and talent are inherently consistent and mutually supportive, and it is necessary to adhere to the integrated advancement of educational development, scientific and technological innovation, and talent cultivation to form a virtuous cycle. The national innovation system is the large cycle. By improving the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, coordinating the construction of a strong education system, a strong science and technology system, and a strong talent system, comprehensively enhancing independent innovation capabilities, seizing the commanding heights of scientific and technological development, and continuously generating new quality productive forces. Universities are important integration points of science and technology as the primary productive force, talent as the primary resource, and innovation as the primary driving force. They are both an important component of the national strategic scientific and technological strength and a reservoir of national strategic talent strength. The university innovation system is a subsystem of the national innovation system, the small cycle. Adhering to the orientation of serving Chinese modernization, it takes talent cultivation as the primary task, scientific and technological innovation as an important mission, and the talent team as a key resource, promoting the transformation of the three from physical aggregation to deep integration, achieving high-quality and rapid development. The national innovation system provides mission guidance, strategic orientation, and resource support for universities to build world-class universities, while the university innovation system continuously provides talent support, scientific and technological support, and intellectual support for enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. By collaboratively cultivating top-notch innovative talent, universities deeply integrate into the historical process of national modernization and regional economic and social development, promote the positive interaction between independent scientific and technological innovation and independent talent cultivation, and accelerate the building of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.
Practical Requirements for Cultivating Top-Notch Innovative Talent. Scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs are both value guidance and educational means, expanding the path for universities to cultivate new-generation talent with profound patriotism, outstanding innovation capabilities, and excellent practical abilities. The educational logic of scientific and technological innovation is to place the two systems of scientific research and education in a development field of synergy, symbiosis, and mutual dependence, jointly acting on talent cultivation practice, promptly transforming the latest scientific research achievements and frontier scientific issues inside and outside the university into educational resources, promptly incorporating them into textbooks and classrooms, effectively enhancing the frontier nature and attractiveness of courses, and focusing on cultivating students' innovative thinking, innovative awareness, and innovative abilities. The educational logic of industrial development is to promote higher education from a traditional closed system to open collaboration, achieving deep integration and value co-creation with various elements of science and technology, industry, and society. By building a close school-enterprise cooperation system, realizing the coordinated development of industry and universities, focusing on enhancing students' practical abilities, abilities to solve complex problems, and social adaptability, thereby improving the quality of talent cultivation, expanding the scale of employment and entrepreneurship, promoting technological innovation and development, and advancing industrial transformation and upgrading. The educational logic of national strategic needs is to fully leverage the role of universities as the main battlefield for cultivating top-notch innovative talent, the main force for basic research, and the birthplace of major scientific and technological breakthroughs, acting with a clear purpose or aim (有的放矢, you de fang shi - "have a target, shoot an arrow") cultivating national strategic talent and urgently needed scarce talent. Strengthen value guidance with national needs, guide students to shoulder the contemporary responsibility of national rejuvenation, and consciously integrate personal ideals into the process of serving national development. Design training programs around national strategic technology breakthroughs, transform national key laboratories, major national scientific and technological infrastructure, and other national strategic instruments into educational platforms, allowing students to temper and improve their abilities through real practice in authentic national strategic scenarios.
An Important Measure to Enhance National Competitiveness. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that competition in comprehensive national strength is ultimately competition for talent. Whichever country has an advantage in talent will ultimately have an advantage in strength. Through coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy, integrating scientific and technological innovation goals, industrial development needs, and national strategic needs into the entire process of talent cultivation, achieving deep connection between the education chain and the innovation chain, industrial chain, and talent chain, comprehensively improving the quality of independent talent cultivation, focusing on cultivating and producing strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders, and innovation teams, and promoting the building of education centers, science centers, and talent centers with global influence. At the same time, national innovation capability is the result of the coordinated linkage and mutual promotion of various elements of the national innovation system, and is a core indicator for measuring national competitiveness. Coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy is an important driving force for realizing the integrated coordination of the two cycles of the national innovation system and the university innovation system, promoting universities to shift from focusing on disciplinary development to serving national missions, achieving close coupling between the university innovation system and the national innovation system, ensuring correct direction, consistent goals, coordinated connection, and mutual integration and promotion. Through the alignment of talent cultivation, scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs, it is possible to achieve a multiplier effect of resonance and enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system.
Promoting Discipline Optimization and Adjustment, Educational Paradigm Construction, and Faculty Team Building with a Systematic Approach
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to coordinate the implementation of the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through talent, and the innovation-driven development strategy, and to advance the integrated development of educational development, scientific and technological innovation, and talent cultivation. Coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy requires both macro-level planning and micro-level practice, based on the overall situation, clarifying strategy, and promoting discipline optimization and adjustment, educational paradigm construction, and faculty team building with a systematic approach, effectively breaking down institutional barriers between industry, education, and research, and unleashing innovation potential through orderly flow and effective collaboration.
Build a New Ecosystem of Disciplines and Majors Around National Strategic Needs. Disciplines and majors are the core pillars of the higher education system and the basic platform for talent cultivation. Striving to build a discipline and major development ecosystem of "demand traction—cluster support—intersection breakthrough" is the top-level design for promoting coordinated talent cultivation. Universities should focus on optimizing the layout of disciplines and majors, accelerate the establishment and improvement of discipline and major setting adjustment mechanisms and talent cultivation models driven by scientific and technological development and national strategic needs, implement optimization actions for existing disciplines and majors, promote the differentiated layout and construction of basic, applied, and strategic disciplines and majors, and promote a high degree of adaptation between talent cultivation and economic and social development needs. Focus on building strategic discipline and major clusters, targeting strategic emerging industries and future industries such as integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, quantum technology, new energy, new materials, and the low-altitude economy, integrating resources in an extraordinary way, and creating discipline and major clusters in areas urgently needed by the country. Focus on promoting interdisciplinary integration, based on the disciplinary advantages of universities, building interdisciplinary centers, breaking down disciplinary and major barriers, promoting breakthroughs in basic disciplines and interdisciplinary fields, strengthening basic research and generating major basic theories through deep interdisciplinary integration, leading talent cultivation and interdisciplinary integration with major scientific research tasks, and realizing the integrated advancement of disciplinary construction, scientific research innovation, and talent cultivation.
Build a New Paradigm of Talent Cultivation Around the Enhancement of Innovation Capability. To cultivate top-notch innovative talent, it is necessary to focus on breaking inherent models and deepening education and teaching reform in response to new situations, new requirements, and new trends. Universities should adhere to the "seven integrations linkage" to promote coordinated talent cultivation. Deepen the integration of culture and education, letting the salt of ideology and politics dissolve into the water of education. Persist in using Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to cultivate souls and educate people, promote the effective integration of ideological and political classrooms and social classrooms, deepen ideological and political education with the great achievements of the new era, cultivate students' character with the spirit of scientists, stimulate students' interest with the frontiers of scientific and technological innovation, guide students to establish lofty ideals, cultivate patriotism, and unswervingly serve scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs. Deepen the integration of science and education, making scientific research the source of living water for teaching. Adhere to empowering teaching with scientific research, deeply integrating frontier scientific research achievements into classroom teaching and textbook system construction. Highlight the educational function of major scientific research platforms such as national key laboratories, guiding students to temper their innovation abilities in major projects. Deepen the integrated training of undergraduate and graduate students, opening up the growth channel for top-notch innovative talent. Deepen the integration of industry and education, connecting classrooms with production lines and talent with the industrial chain. Jointly establish classes for urgently needed talent with key industries and leading enterprises, jointly formulate training programs, jointly build faculty teams, jointly build training bases, and integrate frontier industry dynamics and practical development problems into curriculum design and practical teaching. Deeply promote the construction of schools of outstanding engineers, deepen the reform of engineering master's and doctoral training, and cultivate more outstanding engineers. Deepen the integration of universities and localities, letting talent cultivation take root in the fertile soil of regional development. Anchor on local scientific and technological innovation and industrial development needs, jointly build university-local integrated innovation platforms such as schools of outstanding talent and industrial technology research institutes, and promote regional practice into classrooms and industrial problems into research topics. Deepen the integration of universities with each other, building a high-level academic community. Realize complementary advantages and a powerful alliance between two strong entities (强强联合, qiang qiang lian he - "strong, strong; join, unite") among universities, promote joint talent cultivation, joint disciplinary development, joint scientific and technological research, and joint team building, establish mechanisms for mutual appointment of personnel and mutual recognition of achievements, and work together to cultivate top-notch innovative talent. Deepen the integration of intelligence and education, integrating artificial intelligence into the entire process of education and teaching. Promote the systematic reshaping of curriculum systems, teaching models, textbook construction, and evaluation methods, creating future students, future teachers, future classrooms, future learning centers, and future schools. Deepen the integration of China and foreign countries, serving national strategy in strengthening global cooperation and development. Jointly build international joint schools and joint laboratories with world-class foreign universities and top scientific research institutions, promote joint curriculum development, joint faculty appointment, joint project research, and joint degree conferral, initiate and participate in international big science programs, build big science facilities, and lead major international scientific research projects.
Build a New System of Soul-Forgeing and Teacher-Strengthening Around the Goal of Coordinated Talent Cultivation. Teachers, as the foundation of education and the source of its prosperity, are the key force in cultivating top-notch innovative talent. Striving to build a first-class faculty team is the core support for promoting coordinated talent cultivation. Universities should build a faculty team with firm convictions, with the core of promoting and practicing the spirit of educators, regularly strengthening teachers' ideological and political guidance and the construction of teacher ethics and conduct, and guiding the majority of teachers to lead by example through words and actions (言传身教, yan chuan shen jiao - "words, transmit; body, teach") and cultivate virtue and nurture people with the noble sentiment of loyalty, responsibility, and patriotism. Build a faculty team committed to innovation, guiding teachers to break out of traditional teaching mindsets, deeply grasp the historical opportunity of artificial intelligence empowering talent cultivation, scientific research, and industrial upgrading, and further update educational concepts, reform educational models, and innovate educational methods. Build a faculty team with superb professional skills, guiding the majority of teachers to delve deeply into academic research, devote themselves to teaching and educating, and be courageous in innovation and creation, promoting the transformation of frontier scientific research achievements and high-quality academic resources into educational resources. Build an open and cooperative faculty team, promoting mutual appointment of teachers and resource sharing between universities and enterprises, guiding teachers to keep up with the world's academic frontiers, absorb advanced educational experience, and broaden international perspectives.
Overall Planning and Holistic Advancement to Accelerate the Construction of Institutional Mechanisms for Coordinated Talent Cultivation
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that strengthening the Party's overall leadership over educational work is the fundamental guarantee for running education well. Coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy is a systematic project. The Party committees of universities should strengthen leadership, make overall plans, and promote holistic advancement, accelerating the construction of institutional mechanisms for coordinated talent cultivation.
Strengthen Organizational Leadership. Improve the leadership system and working mechanism of unified leadership by Party committees, joint management by the Party and government, performance of duties by all departments, and participation by all sectors of society, transform the Party's political and organizational advantages into governance effectiveness and development momentum, gather strong synergy for the coordinated advancement of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs in talent cultivation, and provide strong political guarantees.
Plan and Advance Scientifically. Anchor on the strategic goal of building a strong education system, firmly grasp the overall requirements for the integrated advancement of education, science and technology, and talent development, strengthen forward-looking planning, systematic layout, and sustained advancement, systematically do a good job in coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy, and ensure that goal orientations are coordinated and consistent, task measures are connected and matched, and safeguard measures work in the same direction.
Deepen Comprehensive Reform. Coordinate the advancement of reforms in management systems, education and teaching models, and safeguard mechanisms, focus on solving the difficulties, bottlenecks, and blockages in coordinated talent cultivation, and break down ideological constraints and institutional shortcomings. Adhere to the student-centered comprehensive development, build a diversified, dynamic, and scientific education evaluation system, cultivate a first-class educational ecology, innovation ecology, and service ecology, and effectively stimulate the vitality of education.
Improve the Policy System. Strengthen the overall coordination and linkage of various policies such as disciplinary construction, enrollment and employment, scientific and technological innovation, achievement transformation, and team building, promptly optimize and adjust according to scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs, adapt to the development of the times, conform to the actual conditions of universities, and ensure that various policies are highly coordinated in terms of goals and tasks, ideas and measures, and implementation paths.
Optimize Resource Allocation. Proactively align with national strategy and regional development needs, win resource support and school-running support with high-quality services and outstanding contributions. Establish and improve the resource coordination and allocation mechanism for coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy, adhere to doing some things and not doing others, and maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of resource allocation.
(The author is the Party Secretary of Jilin University)
Return to TopBy: 徐晓明
"Preparing for the unforeseen is the enduring way of governing a state." Balancing development and security, strengthening the sense of urgency, and remaining vigilant in times of peace (居安思危, ju an si wei - "dwell in peace, think danger") constitute a major principle of our Party's governance. General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly pointed out: "At present, our country is in a historical period of great opportunity, and the overall development situation is good, but the road ahead cannot be smooth sailing without any obstacles (一帆风顺, yi fan feng shun - "one sail, wind smooth"). The more achievements we make, the more we must act with the caution of treading on thin ice (如履薄冰, ru lu bo bing - "as if treading on thin ice"), and the more we must maintain the vigilance of remaining alert in times of peace, and we must never make strategic or subversive mistakes." Leading cadres, as the "key minority," must always harbor a heart of vigilance, strictly fulfill their responsibility to uphold the bottom line, observe the overall situation with a clear mind, and plan for the long term with bottom-line thinking.
Prolonged peace and stability can easily give rise to a mentality of mental laxity. Historical experience shows that the better the situation and the smoother the development, the more necessary it is to overcome complacency and strengthen the sense of urgency. Achievements are never an "insulator" against risk; rather, they are precisely a "converter" of conditions. The larger the economy, the broader the transmission surface of external shocks; the more fully developed, the deeper the adjustment of interests and the denser the points of friction; the higher the rise in status, the stronger the containment and suppression incurred. While achievements are being made, new and higher-magnitude risks are also growing—this is the dialectical relationship of "danger" lurking within "safety." Only by firmly establishing bottom-line thinking, looking at the worst-case scenario, making the fullest preparations, and striving toward a good outcome can we calmly respond to challenges, win strategic initiative, and strive for the best results. Mao Zedong admonished the whole Party on the eve of revolutionary victory to "remain modest, prudent, and free from arrogance and rashness, and to work hard"; General Secretary Xi Jinping wrote "must dare to struggle and be good at struggle" into the "Three Imperatives," and what has been consistently upheld throughout is the profound anxiety that the last stretch of a long journey is the hardest (行百里者半九十, xing bai li zhe ban jiu shi - "walk a hundred li, the person is half at ninety"). It is thus evident that remaining vigilant in times of peace is not a lack of confidence in achievements, but rather a reverence for the laws of nature, a sense of responsibility to history, and a commitment to the people.
At present, the changes unseen in a century are accelerating, unilateralism and protectionism are becoming extremely loud and widespread (甚嚣尘上, shen xiao chen shang - "excessively clamor, dust rise"), and great-power competition is becoming more intense; our country's development has entered a period in which strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing, with hidden dangers in key areas interwoven and various "black swan" and "gray rhino" events possible at any time. Behind every safety accident, there is often a loosening of multiple links in the regulatory chain; before a financial risk erupts, there are always signs of abnormal leverage escalation and disordered capital flows. Risk never arrives out of thin air; collapse often begins with what is "not seen," "looked down upon," or "misjudged." Looking at reality, the shortcomings of some cadres are precisely exposed here: some report only good news and not bad, turning a blind eye to hidden dangers; some treat bottom-line thinking as a slogan, speaking heavily at meetings but lightly after them, with risk screening being a "passing shower that only wets the surface of the ground"; some prioritize development over safety, full of vigor in attracting investment and competing for projects, yet when it comes to preventing risks, "new officials do not settle old accounts." All such phenomena, in the final analysis, stem from a weak sense of urgency and a lack of competence in performing duties, which is utterly incompatible with the responsibilities and missions they bear.
Disasters often accumulate from the smallest neglect, and the wise and brave are often trapped by what they indulge in. A sense of urgency is not a slogan, but a genuine ability to discern trends and grasp laws; maintaining vigilance lies in constancy, and the difficulty lies in constancy. We must continuously improve political judgment, political understanding, and political execution, be adept at observing situations and analyzing problems from a political perspective, and maintain a high degree of vigilance at all times over major risks concerning the direction of the path and the fundamental system; we must see the signs in their inception and take precautions to prevent trouble before it happens (防患未然, fang huan wei ran - "prevent calamity before it occurs"), putting the effort of risk screening into ordinary times, detecting risks from the "stirring of the wind and the movement of the grass," discerning danger at the "tip of the duckweed," improving the coordinated mechanisms for risk assessment, evaluation, prevention, and control, and promptly "sounding the alarm" and "applying patches" to budding and tendency problems; we must carry forward the spirit of struggle and strengthen our ability to struggle, intensifying ideological tempering, political training, practical exercise, and professional development, preferring to estimate difficulties more fully and prepare measures more thoroughly, so as to have a clear picture in mind, strategies in hand, and direction in action. Upholding the bottom line is not about guarding the old stall, but about acting actively on the premise of holding the bottom line—fighting both the prepared battle of preventing and resisting risks and the strategically proactive battle of turning danger into safety (化险为夷, hua xian wei yi - "transform danger into safety") and turning crisis into opportunity (转危为机, zhuan wei wei ji - "turn crisis into opportunity"), striving to turn the "stumbling blocks" of risk into "stepping stones" for development, and being ready at all times to withstand the severe tests of high winds and rough waves, or even extremely turbulent and dangerous waters (惊涛骇浪, jing tao hai lang - "startling waves, terrifying surges").
"In safety, do not forget danger; in survival, do not forget extinction; in order, do not forget chaos." Only a Party that always remains vigilant in times of peace can be alert and self-reflective, maintaining the same level of care from beginning to end (慎终如始, shen zhong ru shi - "cautious at the end as at the beginning"); only a cadre who constantly harbors a sense of urgency can know responsibility in the heart, bear responsibility on the shoulders, and fulfill responsibility in action. On the new journey, leading cadres at all levels must integrate the sense of urgency into their blood and manifest it in action, perform their duties with a sense of responsibility of "always being unable to rest easy," prevent and resolve risks with the executive power of "having confidence in everything in mind," respond to the possibility of the unexpected with comprehensive preparation, and ensure absolute safety with comprehensive strategies, continuously cultivating new opportunities amid crises and opening up new prospects amid changes.
Return to TopAt present, the once-in-a-century transformation of the world is accelerating, and the collective rise of the Global South has become a key driving force for promoting multipolarity in the world. At the same time, the international situation is marked by intertwined changes and turbulence, with various risks and challenges emerging one after another in an endless stream (层出不穷, ceng chu bu qiong - "layer, emerge, not, end"). To stabilize and improve the world, BRICS countries must seize the historical initiative, unite the vast number of Global South countries, play a positive, stable, and constructive role in international affairs, and enhance the common well-being of humanity.
Return to TopBy: 张明 王喆
Policy-based financial instruments are innovative financial tools that are led or supported by the government and operated through policy-based financial institutions, guiding funds toward key areas and weak links in economic and social development. They feature a distinctive combination of policy orientation and commercial operation, as well as coordination between fiscal policy and monetary policy. This year's Government Work Report proposed issuing 800 billion yuan in new-type policy-based financial instruments to drive greater participation of social capital in investment. The meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on July 30 emphasized optimizing the implementation of fiscal-financial coordination policies to boost domestic demand, charting the course for further leveraging the role of new-type policy-based financial instruments. In early September, a new round of new-type policy-based financial instruments began to be deployed, and it is expected that the 800 billion yuan in instruments will leverage total investment of between 8 trillion and 11 trillion yuan.
The Functional Positioning of New-Type Policy-Based Financial Instruments
In essence, policy-based financial instruments are a means of "using financial methods to achieve policy objectives." They occupy the middle ground between policy-based finance and commercial finance, and are a typical representative of "policy guidance + market coordination," helping to overcome both market failures and the inefficiency of government resource allocation. From the 800 billion yuan special construction fund in 2015, to the 740 billion yuan policy-based development financial instruments in 2022, and then to the 500 billion yuan new-type policy-based financial instruments in 2025, although the names and specific arrangements of policy-based financial instruments have changed, the policy logic has been consistent and persisting throughout the process (一以贯之, yi yi guan zhi - "one, continuously, through, connect"), and the functional positioning has gradually become clearer. New-type policy-based financial instruments serve dual objectives: they seek both to expand effective investment and to promote structural adjustment, injecting new momentum into high-quality development.
An important lever for replenishing project capital and expanding effective investment. Major project construction typically features large investment scale, long construction cycles, and high external benefits, and often faces problems such as project capital gaps, insufficient market-based financing, and poor coordination between fiscal and financial channels. New-type policy-based financial instruments replenish project capital through equity investment, shareholder loans, and other means, which can improve project financing structures, leverage bank credit and the participation of various types of social capital, and better translate policy support into effective investment. Compared with local government special bonds, policy-based financial instruments adhere to the principles of "independent decision-making, self-financing of profits and losses, and self-assumption of risks," require no government guarantee of repayment by local governments, and can be used as project capital in a higher proportion.
An important link for deepening fiscal-financial coordination. The long-term, low-cost characteristics of policy-based financial instruments are the result of the combined efforts of policy bank bond issuance, structural monetary policy support, and fiscal interest subsidies. Policy banks with "quasi-fiscal" attributes play a leading role in policy-based financial instruments; pledged supplementary lending (PSL), which has both aggregate and structural functions, provides liquidity support; and fiscal interest subsidies directly lower the cost of funds. This mode of fiscal-financial coordination amplifies the advantages of financial funds in terms of scale, specialization, and market orientation, while also strengthening the policy guidance and risk-sharing functions of fiscal funds, helping to alleviate local government debt pressure and enhance the confidence of commercial financial institutions. As an innovation in fiscal-financial coordination grounded in China's specific national conditions, this practice also provides Chinese solutions for other emerging markets and developing countries.
An important support for stabilizing growth and adjusting structure. Generally speaking, the timing of the introduction of policy-based financial instruments is related to a downturn in fixed asset investment growth and rising pressure from local government debt. By supporting investment in infrastructure and other key areas, policy-based financial instruments fully play the role of a "timely rain" and a "stabilizer," becoming an innovative means of counter-cyclical adjustment during periods of greater downward pressure on the economy. In addition, policy-based financial instruments combine the functions of counter-cyclical growth stabilization and cross-cyclical structural adjustment. The special construction fund of 2015 and the policy-based development financial instruments of 2022 focused on stabilizing growth through traditional infrastructure, while the new-type policy-based financial instruments of 2025, while expanding effective investment, guide funds toward key areas such as the digital economy, artificial intelligence, consumer infrastructure, and green low-carbon transformation, injecting sustained momentum into high-quality economic development.
Real Challenges in Making Good Use of New-Type Policy-Based Financial Instruments
To date, the implementation of policy-based financial instruments still faces certain problems and challenges in project screening, fund deployment, post-investment management, and central-local coordination.
First, project screening capacity and the quality of the project reserve need improvement. Policy-based financial instruments are deployed quickly and have strong policy timeliness, placing high demands on project maturity. Some localities have insufficient project reserves, and there is a phenomenon of "padding applications to meet quotas," resulting in some projects with investment returns below expectations. Policy-based financial institutions rely heavily on whitelists submitted by local governments, and there is information asymmetry among government, banks, and enterprises. Some localities may exaggerate project returns and downplay project risks, and some enterprises do not meet credit eligibility requirements. In addition, different regions and different banks differ in their understanding and implementation of screening standards, and the quality of some projects is of varying quality or standards (参差不齐, can ci bu qi - "uneven, varied, not level").
Second, there are still bottlenecks in fund deployment and project execution. Against the backdrop of greater pressure from local government debt, difficulties exist in securing matching funds for policy-based financial instruments, affecting the implementation of projects as planned. Even when funds are in place for some projects, they cannot start construction on time due to insufficient guarantees of land quotas, environmental impact assessment, energy consumption assessment, and other factors, as well as inadequate preliminary work, resulting in idle funds or low utilization efficiency. Project management capacity varies significantly across regions, and in some central and western regions, project progress lags behind that of the eastern region.
Third, post-investment management and risk prevention and control are not yet well established. Some project entities submit information untimely or incompletely, which constrains financial institutions from dynamically tracking project progress and fund usage. Many projects lack a sound risk early-warning indicator system, and risk identification, early warning, and disposal are relatively lagging.
Fourth, central-local coordination and policy mix still require overall planning. At the central level, emphasis is placed on using policy-based financial instruments to support major strategies and key projects, but localities differ considerably in project reserves, fiscal matching funds, factor guarantees, and risk assumption, and there remains a gap between unified policy requirements and local conditions and actual needs. In addition, there is insufficient coordination between policy-based development financial instruments and other policy tools such as special bonds and ultra-long-term special treasury bonds. In some regions, there are problems such as multiple applications for the same project, duplicate support, or insufficient overall coordination of funds, and the synergy of policies has not yet been fully realized.
Pathways for Further Leveraging the Role of New-Type Policy-Based Financial Instruments
During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, further leveraging the role of new-type policy-based financial instruments is of great significance for improving the efficiency of government investment, expanding effective investment, and promoting high-quality economic development.
Improve regular institutional safeguards and operational mechanisms. Promote the transformation of policy-based financial instruments from emergency policy tools into normalized, transformation-empowering tools. Research and formulate dedicated laws and regulations, unify the name and nature of the instruments, and clarify their legal status and operational rules; establish dynamic adjustment mechanisms and cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, explore the establishment of a cross-departmental coordination committee, and adjust support areas and quota allocation according to economic conditions; improve incentive, constraint, evaluation, and feedback mechanisms to enhance the overall efficiency of investment.
Balance the dual objectives of stabilizing growth and adjusting structure. Coordinate the goals of short-term growth stabilization and long-term structural adjustment, and reconcile the relationship between counter-cyclical adjustment and cross-cyclical adjustment. Future project deployment should not only play a role in expanding effective investment and boosting domestic demand, but also closely follow major national strategies and the key tasks of the 15th Five-Year Plan, gradually increasing the proportion of support for areas of new quality productive forces such as green development, the digital economy, and high-end manufacturing, while also taking into account the needs of shoring up weak links in infrastructure, improving people's livelihoods, and coordinated regional development, with attention to the long-term benefits and sustainability of investment.
Promote coordinated synergy among diversified funds and policy mixes. Adhere to market-based operation, explore diversified investment methods such as preferred shares and convertible bonds, introduce long-term capital such as social security funds and insurance funds, and gradually increase the proportion of social capital participation; clarify the differentiated positioning of policy-based financial instruments relative to tools such as ultra-long-term special treasury bonds, central budget investment, special bonds, and industrial investment funds, forming synergy with fiscal funds while also effectively connecting with commercial bank loans, industrial capital, and social capital.
Improve full life-cycle project management. In the early stage of projects, establish a dynamically updated reserve pool of high-quality projects, build a market-based project screening system, introduce third-party evaluation institutions, and reduce administrative intervention. Project applications should be strictly reviewed, and preliminary work such as feasibility assessments, preliminary design, and preliminary budget estimates should be carried out promptly, with construction schedules optimized according to actual project conditions. During project construction, strengthen training for local project management, factor guarantees, and penetrating supervision of funds. After project investment, incorporate factors such as project investment return rates, employment generation, and environmental impact into the assessment system, and explore market-based exit methods such as REITs and asset securitization.
Strengthen risk prevention and control and information disclosure. Hold the bottom line of not adding new hidden debt, and explicitly prohibit "disguised equity with actual debt" and government guarantee commitments. Strengthen accountability, and seriously pursue accountability and impose penalties for acts such as illegally diverting funds, falsely packaging projects, and creating new hidden debt. Establish a multi-party risk-sharing mechanism involving government, financial institutions, and enterprises, and use insurance, guarantees, securitization, and other means to disperse risks. Rely on digital means to build intelligent risk control and dynamic monitoring systems, regularly disclose information on fund usage and project progress, and improve project transparency.
Return to TopBy: 王晓燕
Recently, the China International Fair for Trade in Services, with its functional positioning of "expanding opening-up, deepening cooperation, and leading innovation," established for the first time a "China Services" case exhibition area and an "overseas expansion services" promotion and roadshow area, transforming intangible services into cooperation opportunities that are perceivable, negotiable, and implementable, opening an important window for the transformation and upgrading of China's services trade and its deep participation in the global division of labor. Driven by multiple forces, including digital technology empowerment, the deepening integration of the two industries, and the advancement of institutional opening-up, "China Services" is becoming a new calling card of China's opening-up to the world, forging a new path for going global that combines technology export, model export, and system export, injecting new vitality into global economic recovery.
Under the interactive effects of global value chain restructuring, digital technology empowerment, and institutional opening-up, "China Services" takes the four modes of services trade — cross-border supply, consumption abroad, commercial presence, and movement of natural persons — as its carriers, manifesting as a systematic process of cross-border allocation of service factors and reorganization of value creation networks. Traditional international trade theory focuses on comparative advantage in goods, but services are intangible, heterogeneous, and characterized by the simultaneity of production and consumption, and their tradability has long been constrained by geographical distance and institutional barriers. Digital technology has significantly reduced the costs of cross-border delivery, information matching, and trust building, making knowledge-intensive services, platform services, and digital services new growth points in global trade. China, relying on its super-large market, complete industrial system, rich application scenarios, and digital infrastructure, has formed dynamic comparative advantages. On the one hand, producer services and manufacturing are going global in tandem, and through intermediate services such as R&D and design, supply chain management, financial payment, data and computing power, legal consulting, and inspection and testing, the value chain is being pushed upward from manufacturing links to service links. On the other hand, new business forms such as cross-border e-commerce, cloud services, digital content, and the platform economy are embedding themselves in global markets through cross-border supply, commercial presence, and movement of natural persons, promoting the cross-border flow of knowledge, technology, data, talent, and rules and standards.
In recent years, "China Services" going global has formed a diversified pattern of developing in many different areas simultaneously (多点开花, duo dian kai hua - "many, points, bloom") across cultural creativity, professional services, digital services, and other fields. From January to July 2026, China's total services trade import and export volume reached 4,446.71 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.3 percent, of which knowledge-intensive service exports reached 948.28 billion yuan, up 12.2 percent, accounting for 53.5 percent of total service exports. The CIFTIS platform continues to play its role as a hub for matching supply and demand, connecting domestic innovation capabilities with global market demand. Zigong's colored lanterns in Sichuan, showcased at CIFTIS, signed an Italian lantern exhibition project, upgrading traditional colored lantern craftsmanship into comprehensive cultural tourism service solutions, achieving the export of the entire package of services — cultural content, planning and operations, and on-site implementation — and completing the value upgrade from exporting handicrafts to exporting cultural services. Highlights in the digital services field are equally prominent. The BeiDou spatiotemporal information overseas service platform has developed localized BeiDou operation service capabilities, fully adapting to various domestic and overseas hardware, driving the entire domestic BeiDou industrial chain to collaborate in going global, promoting the deep integration of BeiDou into national-level spatiotemporal service systems, helping countries upgrade governance and digital-intelligent transformation of industries, and creating a new BeiDou going-global model of "operation services + solutions." An AI-driven software intelligent factory service platform has successfully landed multiple clients in some financial institutions, supporting deployment in public cloud, private cloud, and Xinchuang environments, effectively addressing pain points such as low R&D efficiency, high maintenance costs, uncontrollable quality, and complex deployment environments, promoting the intelligent transformation of traditional software engineering and providing a reusable new service model for the banking industry. At this year's CIFTIS, cases with AI, large models, and intelligent agents as core technologies accounted for nearly 40 percent of the "China Services" exhibition area, with knowledge-intensive services becoming the main force of "China Services" going global, covering multiple tracks including technology, cultural tourism, medical care, and computing power.
This year's CIFTIS has specially created an "overseas expansion services" zone, bringing together professional institutions in law, finance and taxation, consulting, and finance to build a one-stop support system, marking the upgrading of China's going-global services from spontaneous enterprise exploration to full-chain industrial ecosystem collaborative support. When enterprises "go global," they must not only export products and technologies, but also face complex challenges such as overseas market access, legal compliance, equity structure, and risk prevention and control. Professional service institutions and physical enterprises empower each other in both directions, forming a closed loop of "physical industry going global + professional services support." Domestic enterprises going global, by leveraging local professional service strength, can identify country-specific risks in advance and reduce trial-and-error costs, so that they can go global more steadily and further. For example, the International Trademark Association (INTA), relying on its global professional network, has built a full-chain, low-cost, highly practical brand going-global support service system for Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises. Among these, its China office has launched the "INTA Practical Guide to Intellectual Property for Chinese Enterprises Going Global," to help Chinese enterprises better understand and respond to the challenges of overseas intellectual property protection.
However, "China Services" setting sail to go global still faces multiple practical challenges. Global services trade rules are fragmented, and different countries have widely varying standards for cross-border data flows, intellectual property, and industry market access; some overseas markets have hidden barriers, with relatively high entry thresholds for digital services and technology services; many domestic service enterprises lack international experience, have a shortage of cross-cultural operations talent, and their brand international recognition needs improvement; some small and medium-sized enterprises going global also face practical difficulties such as information asymmetry, high costs, and insufficient risk identification capabilities. To address these challenges, it is necessary not only to rely on market entities' innovation and breakthroughs, but also to rely on institutional opening-up to continuously improve top-level design. On the one hand, continuously expand the opening-up of the services industry and align with international high-standard economic and trade rules. On the other hand, accelerate the standardization of services trade, improve intellectual property protection, build public information service platforms, and reduce the institutional costs for enterprises going global.
Looking ahead, strengthening and optimizing "China Services" and promoting the high-quality development of going-global services requires multi-party coordinated efforts. At the enterprise level, it is necessary to attach equal importance to technological innovation and localized operations, not simply copying domestic models, but deeply researching the laws, culture, and consumption habits of target markets, transforming technological advantages into localized service capabilities, and balancing commercial benefits with local social value. At the industrial level, promote the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern services, encourage hardware exports to drive the simultaneous going global of production services such as operations and maintenance, R&D, and consulting, expand the scale of knowledge-intensive service exports, and cultivate a number of Chinese service brands with global influence. At the government level, continue to leverage the role of open platforms such as the China International Import Expo, CIFTIS, and the Canton Fair, advance the construction of demonstration zones for innovative development of services trade, improve supporting systems for cross-border data flows and intellectual property protection, strengthen the supply of professional services such as legal, financial, and consulting services, and provide public support for small and medium-sized enterprises going global. At the level of international cooperation, actively participate in global services trade governance, advocate for the liberalization and facilitation of services trade, and promote the formation of a more inclusive global services trade ecosystem.
Return to TopBy: 李双建
The outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan explicitly proposes implementing a deep-sea project to enhance capabilities for deep-sea access, exploration, development, and safety. Seizing the commanding heights of the deep sea is both an inevitable requirement for safeguarding the bottom line of national strategic security and an important direction for consolidating the foundation of economic development and cultivating new quality productive forces. Seeking space, resources, and growth momentum from the deep sea has become an important issue in building a maritime power under the new circumstances.
The so-called "deep-sea economy" refers to economic activities that extend marine development and protection operations into deep-sea space, targeting specific deep-sea resources as the object of utilization, and encompassing scientific research, technology development, service support, and other links. Its industrial system mainly includes deep-sea oil and gas development, deep-sea mining, utilization of deep-sea biological genetic resources, manufacturing of deep-sea engineering equipment, and deep-sea information technology services, with its connotation continuously expanding as humanity's capacity to understand and utilize the deep sea improves. In recent years, some major developed countries and emerging economies have continuously increased their investment in deep-sea science and technology research and industrial layout, and the competitive situation is becoming increasingly intense (日趋激烈, ri qu ji lie - "day, go; intense"). Along with changes in global resource demand and technological progress, large-scale, technologically and economically feasible application scenarios for the deep-sea economy are accelerating in formation, and the prospects for industrialization are becoming increasingly clear.
The extreme nature of the deep-sea environment and the special characteristics of its resources determine that the deep-sea economy exhibits notable features distinct from the traditional marine economy and the land-based economy. First, industrial value is high. After decades of exploration, the strategic value of the deep sea as a "mineral resource repository" and "genetic resource repository" has been widely recognized, and related development and utilization technologies are gradually showing signs of impending industrialization. Around the sequence analysis, functional modification, and application transformation of high-quality deep-sea genes, multiple layers of intellectual property layout can be formed, with a single high-value gene capable of driving several patents, and its potential for industrial fission is difficult to estimate. Second, first-mover advantages are favorable. The deep-sea economy is a future industry driven by frontier technology. Although the growth cycle is long and investment risks are high, once an innovative entity takes the lead in achieving technological breakthroughs and brings mature products to market, it can form monopolistic first-mover advantages through patent barriers, industrial chain control, and other means, and dominate the formulation of rules and standards. Third, synergy among related industries is strong. The deep-sea economy has a long industrial chain, broad reach, and significant multiplier effects, with a prominent driving role for supporting and related industries. For example, the utilization of deep-sea genetic resources can feed back into the development of genome sequencing and synthetic biology technologies; deep-sea engineering technology also demonstrates potential for transplantation into the deep-space field in terms of structural safety, complex operations, intelligent miniaturization, and simulation testing. Fourth, green technology standards are high. The deep-sea ecosystem is extremely fragile, with manganese nodules having a growth cycle of up to one million years and deep-sea biological communities having reproduction cycles measured in millennia. Ecological damage caused by human activities is far more severe than on land, which places higher demands on low-disturbance, green development technologies.
Based on the global trend of deep-sea resource development and China's natural endowment and development needs, cultivating the deep-sea economy should focus on two major directions. On the one hand, systematically lay out the entire industrial chain of deep-sea mining. The proven resource volume in international seabed mining areas is sufficient to support commercial development of polymetallic nodules at the ten-million-ton level, which is expected to drive revenue on the trillion-yuan scale, generate financing demand of hundreds of billions of yuan for mining equipment, and radiate to drive upgrades in marine engineering equipment, new materials, marine information technology, and other industries. China has obtained five exploration contract areas for international seabed mineral resources and is one of the countries with the largest number of mining areas and the most complete range of mineral types. It should accelerate breakthroughs in deep-sea mining technology and the construction of an industrialization system, build a full-process technology and equipment chain from seabed to sea surface covering "exploration—development—environmental protection—mineral processing and smelting," form sustained, large-scale access and development capabilities, and accelerate the transformation of mining area resource advantages into industrial first-mover advantages. On the other hand, accelerate the industrialization process of utilizing deep-sea biological genetic resources. With the entry into force of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement), the utilization of deep-sea genetic resources has entered a "dual track" of rule competition and technological competition running in parallel, and the contest over strategic and economic value continues to heat up. China has built the world's largest marine microbial resource preservation bank, and related enterprises and institutions possess relatively strong resource mining and research and development capabilities, but there is still a gap from commercialization and large-scale application. It should accelerate the construction of a distinctive "resources + technology + industry" research and development chain, improve the intellectual property protection system, and promote the industrial application of deep-sea genetic resources in the fields of industry, agriculture, medicine, health, and environmental protection.
The future will be a critical period for the formation of the global deep-sea economic landscape, and also a period of opportunity for the development of China's deep-sea undertakings. It is necessary to innovate management systems and mechanisms, strengthen policy support, make every effort to advance deep-sea science and technology research, enhance industrial foundational capabilities, and accelerate the transformation of the deep-sea economy from a new business form into a new growth driver for the economy. In terms of top-level design, leverage the advantages of the new nationwide system for mobilizing resources, coordinate the construction of the deep-sea economy industrial chain, and explore innovative organizational methods around key areas with high local relevance. Establish a statistical and evaluation system for the deep-sea economy, incorporate it into the marine economy accounting framework, and enhance macro-control capabilities. In terms of core technology research, comprehensively enhance independent innovation capabilities, give play to the role of national strategic scientific and technological forces and the principal role of enterprises, carry out long-term research on key common technologies, and encourage specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve breakthroughs in their areas of expertise. In terms of fiscal and tax support, help new technologies cross the critical transformation stage from laboratory to product and from product to commodity, and promote the integration of the innovation chain and the industrial chain. Expand patient capital, study the establishment of a special guiding fund for the deep-sea industry, build a coordinated and diversified investment system of "fiscal guidance—market leadership—financial innovation," and leverage social capital toward key areas. In terms of global governance, practice the concept of a maritime community with a shared future, actively participate in the formulation of supporting rules for the BBNJ Agreement and mining development regulations, and promote China's transformation from a treaty implementer to a rule contributor and a maker of new rules. At the same time, do a good job of aligning domestic legal systems with international standards, formulate management systems and technical standards for deep-sea resources such as minerals and genetic resources, regulate the deep-sea development and utilization activities of Chinese enterprises, and win the initiative in the future deep-sea landscape.
(The author is Deputy Director of the National Marine Data and Information Service)
Return to TopBy: 徐汉明 吴承霖
The Social Security Comprehensive Governance Center (hereinafter referred to as the Comprehensive Governance Center) is an important platform for carrying out comprehensive social security governance and advancing the construction of a Peaceful China, and is an important vehicle for upholding and developing the "Fengqiao model" of the new era and for promoting the resolution of conflicts and disputes at the grassroots level. As a venue for centrally accepting and handling the demands of the masses, the Comprehensive Governance Center mainly bears functions such as conflict and dispute resolution and social security risk prevention and control. It is an important hub for integrating governance resources, and is also an important platform for grassroots masses to participate in social governance and develop grassroots democracy.
In 2002, Fengqiao Town, Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, established a township-level Comprehensive Governance Center. In 2019, the "Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Political and Legal Work" issued by the Party Central Committee clarified the functional positioning of Comprehensive Governance Centers at the provincial, municipal, county, and township (sub-district) levels. In October 2023, the "Opinions on Upholding and Developing the 'Fengqiao Model' of the New Era and Enhancing the Capacity for Preventing and Resolving Social Conflicts and Disputes" issued by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council made arrangements for strengthening the multi-channel dispute resolution functions of Comprehensive Governance Centers at the county and township (sub-district) levels. In November 2024, the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission and 11 other departments jointly issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Standardized Construction of Social Security Comprehensive Governance Centers." In February 2025, the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission issued the "Work Guidelines for the Standardized Construction of Social Security Comprehensive Governance Centers." As of August 2025, 2,848 county-level Comprehensive Governance Centers nationwide have been officially put into operation. The Comprehensive Governance Center has transitioned from local pilot projects to nationwide rollout, and from a single-function platform to a comprehensive platform, increasingly becoming an important vehicle for connecting with and serving the masses.
Practice has shown that the Comprehensive Governance Center is playing an increasingly important role in resolving grassroots conflicts and facilitating the handling of affairs for the masses. However, in actual operation, it also faces some problems that need further resolution. For example, in some places, the Comprehensive Governance Center relies more on administrative forces to drive its work, and the enthusiasm of the masses for active participation has not yet been fully mobilized; in some places, the integration of conflict resolution and grassroots consultation is not yet deep enough, and the channels for the masses to express their demands and participate in governance are not yet sufficient; in some places, the institutional support and operational mechanisms of the Comprehensive Governance Center still need improvement. To further give play to the role of the Comprehensive Governance Center in connecting with and serving the masses, sustained efforts are needed in the following aspects.
Strengthen resource integration and further give play to the mass participation function of the Comprehensive Governance Center. The Comprehensive Governance Center is first and foremost a place for resolving conflicts and disputes, and the process of resolving conflicts itself requires listening to the demands of the masses and coordinating the interests of all parties. The masses' rights to be informed, to participate, to express, and to supervise are also realized in this process. One of the important advantages of the Comprehensive Governance Center lies in resource integration. For a long time, when the masses encountered conflicts and disputes, they often had to run back and forth between multiple departments such as the courts, petitioning departments, human resources and social security departments, and judicial administrative departments, which was time-consuming and laborious. By integrating resources from all parties, the Comprehensive Governance Center has changed the previous situation in which the forces of various departments were scattered and acting in isolation without support (单打独斗, dan da du dou - "single, strike, alone, fight"), ensuring that every demand of the people is handled by someone and handled in accordance with the law. This integration is not only the integration of dispute resolution forces, but also the integration of grassroots democratic channels. In practice across various localities, many Comprehensive Governance Centers have integrated and housed dispute mediation centers, litigation service centers, public legal service centers, and other facilities, and township and village-level Comprehensive Governance Centers have integrated functions related to grassroots consultative democracy and conflict and dispute resolution. For example, some places have built the Comprehensive Governance Center into a comprehensive platform for people's livelihood deliberation integrating functions such as conflict and dispute mediation, connecting with and serving the masses, and grassroots consultative democracy; some places, with the Comprehensive Governance Center as the hub, have established a whole-chain working mechanism linking litigation mediation, petition mediation, police mediation, and consultative democracy; some places have set up liaison points for people's congress deputies in the Comprehensive Governance Center, exploring a new model of "comprehensive governance mediation + people's congress supervision," making the Comprehensive Governance Center both a comprehensive hub for conflict resolution and an important platform for connecting with the masses and understanding public opinion. To further give play to the mass participation function of the Comprehensive Governance Center, full advantage should be taken of resource integration, and more attention should be paid to creating convenient conditions for the masses to participate in democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision. For example, functional areas such as mass reception windows and public sentiment discussion rooms can be established to provide venues for the masses to express their demands and opinions. In places where conditions permit, reception rooms for people's congress deputies and members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) can also be established in the Comprehensive Governance Center, promoting the regular presence and substantive performance of duties by deputies and members, moving the front line of duty performance to the grassroots governance frontline, organically combining the institutional advantages of deputies and members in connecting with the masses with the platform advantages of the Comprehensive Governance Center, and making the collection and feedback of public sentiment and public opinion more direct and more efficient.
Advance standardized construction and make the Comprehensive Governance Center a stable channel for the masses to express their demands and participate in governance. The outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan clearly proposes "advancing the standardized construction of Comprehensive Governance Centers." The standardized construction of the Comprehensive Governance Center requires that all work has rules to follow, is normalized and long-term effective, and provides a set of stable and predictable institutional procedures for the masses to express their demands and participate in governance. The focus should be on advancing standardization in venue setup, department presence, operational mechanisms, supervision and implementation, and information technology construction. In terms of venue setup, unified signage and identification should be adopted, locations with strong radiation capacity, relatively convenient transportation, and convenient handling of affairs for the masses should be selected, and functional zones such as guidance and reception areas, multi-channel resolution areas, and command and dispatch areas should be scientifically arranged; in terms of department presence, standards for presence and division of responsibilities should be clarified to ensure clear powers and responsibilities; in terms of operational mechanisms, a working process of unified acceptance, classified transfer, and handling in accordance with the law should be improved, and different methods such as mediation, arbitration, administrative adjudication, administrative reconsideration, and administrative litigation should be adopted in accordance with the law based on the type of dispute; in terms of supervision and implementation, both the handling procedures and the resolution results should be supervised to ensure that conflicts are resolved on time and with quality; in terms of information technology construction, information technology means should be used to make things queryable and traceable, ensuring that every demand of the masses, from entering the Comprehensive Governance Center to final resolution and completion, has clear procedural guidance and quality requirements. At the same time, the requirements of listening to the opinions of the masses and accepting supervision by the masses should be integrated into every work link, and the feelings of the masses should be understood through follow-up visits, satisfaction evaluations, and other means, making the operation process of the Comprehensive Governance Center a process of continuously responding to the expectations of the masses and improving service quality, and making the channels for the masses to express their demands and solve problems more unimpeded, stable, and predictable.
Strengthen team building and enhance the capacity of the Comprehensive Governance Center to connect with and serve the masses. The Comprehensive Governance Center is an important window for understanding social conditions and public opinion and solving the demands of the masses. Staff of the Comprehensive Governance Center must not only understand laws and policies, but also be good at mass work, which places high demands on overall quality. First, enrich the work force. On the basis of integrating permanently stationed and rotationally stationed forces, actively discover and cultivate grassroots figures who are enthusiastic about public welfare and good at mediation to enrich the mediation team, promote retired political and legal police officers, lawyers, legal service workers, and others to participate in conflict resolution, absorb grid workers, local worthies and capable people, and others to participate in related work, and especially pay attention to selecting and assigning comrades who understand the grassroots, love the masses, and are good at mediation and mass work to the Comprehensive Governance Center. At present, some regions have explored building service teams with a mix of "old, middle-aged, and young" personnel, forming a team structure with a reasonable echelon and complementary advantages; some regions have paid attention to absorbing people's congress deputies and CPPCC members who are familiar with social conditions and public opinion and good at doing ideological work among the masses to participate in the work of the Comprehensive Governance Center, giving play to their advantages in connecting with the masses and their supervisory role. Second, strengthen education and training. At present, the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission has held training classes for advancing the standardized construction of Comprehensive Governance Centers, and various localities have also carried out various forms of professional training in light of actual conditions. On this basis, an education and training system combining pre-job training, regular rotation training, and special topic training should be further improved, closely following frontline practice, and targeted training should be carried out around key contents such as conflict mediation skills, application of laws and policies, and methods of mass work, to enhance the ability of staff to listen to the demands of the masses, collect social conditions and public opinion, and guide mass participation. Third, improve management and incentives. Through unified management, unified assessment, and unified rewards and punishments, strengthen the daily management and work supervision of stationed personnel, improve the daily management, professional assessment, and dynamic adjustment mechanisms for dispatched personnel, and make the work of connecting with and serving the masses warmer, higher in quality, and more effective.
Return to TopBy: 梁利华
Off-site law enforcement refers to administrative law enforcement activities carried out by administrative law enforcement subjects in accordance with the law, using technological means and electronic devices such as the Internet, big data, and artificial intelligence, and employing methods such as remote supervision, mobile supervision, early warning and prevention and control, and audio-video recording to collect data and information and fix the facts of violations. In practice, off-site law enforcement is mainly applied in fields such as transportation, ecological environment, urban management, and market regulation. Electronic capture systems at intersections, video inspections of roadside parking, and online monitoring data of pollutant-discharging enterprises are all typical forms of off-site law enforcement.
In recent years, the institutional foundation for off-site law enforcement has been gradually consolidated. The "Opinions on Comprehensively Advancing the Construction of a Beautiful China" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council emphasizes "vigorously promoting off-site law enforcement and accelerating the formation of a smart law enforcement system." Article 41 of the Administrative Penalty Law of the People's Republic of China makes special provisions on the collection and fixation of facts of violations using electronic technology monitoring equipment. The "Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment" proposes "promoting off-site supervision characterized by remote supervision, mobile supervision, and early warning and prevention and control." The "Guiding Opinions on Further Regulating and Supervising the Establishment and Implementation of Fines" clearly stipulates "continuously standardizing off-site law enforcement," providing institutional safeguards for the orderly advancement of off-site law enforcement.
The advantages of off-site law enforcement are mainly reflected in the following aspects. First, it helps improve law enforcement efficiency, breaking through limitations such as insufficient manpower and constraints of time and space in traditional law enforcement, and achieving round-the-clock, all-round supervision coverage. Second, it helps standardize law enforcement conduct; the automatic collection of electronic evidence reduces the space for human intervention and enhances the objectivity of law enforcement. Third, it helps optimize the business environment by reducing unnecessary on-site inspections of enterprises and minimizing interference with the normal production and operation activities of enterprises. At the same time, off-site law enforcement also faces some issues in practice that require attention. Due to the non-contact nature of off-site law enforcement, some fields have problems such as unclear scope of application and insufficiently standardized procedure implementation. Some localities directly use off-site methods to handle cases that require on-site verification and face-to-face investigation and evidence collection; some localities fail to publicly announce the installation of law enforcement equipment to society as required after installation, resulting in insufficient protection of the parties' right to know; some localities have inadequate response mechanisms for handling objections, and the channels for parties to make statements and defend themselves are not sufficiently convenient. In addition, the standards of law enforcement among different regions and different departments are not yet sufficiently unified, and the cross-departmental data sharing mechanism is not yet sound. Based on the policy orientation of digital government construction and off-site law enforcement reform, it is necessary to adhere to a problem-oriented approach, coordinate the improvement of regulatory effectiveness with the protection of the rights of administrative counterparts, and promote the further improving quality and efficiency (提质增效, ti zhi zeng xiao - "raise quality, increase efficiency") of off-site law enforcement.
Clarify the boundaries of application and enhance the precision of law enforcement. The determination of facts in administrative law enforcement has different requirements for evidence collection methods depending on the type of case. Off-site law enforcement relies on electronic technological means to complete evidence collection, and law enforcers do not have direct contact with the parties. This determines that it is suitable for application to case types where the facts are objective and clear and can be directly determined through electronic evidence, such as vehicles running red lights or occupying roads for business, where electronic images or online monitoring data can completely fix the evidence; however, some cases involve factors requiring comprehensive judgment, such as the subjective state and behavioral motives of the parties, which can only be accurately ascertained through face-to-face investigation and listening to the parties' statements, and it is not appropriate to simply use off-site law enforcement methods to handle them. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the scope of application of off-site law enforcement in institutional design. In recent years, some localities have conducted beneficial explorations in this regard. For example, Guangdong Province has issued the "Guangdong Province Measures for the Administration of Off-site Law Enforcement," clarifying the definition, scope of application, and operational principles of off-site law enforcement; Wuhu City in Anhui Province has established an "Off-site Inspection List," systematically sorting out the categories of inspections suitable for off-site supervision. On this basis, it is possible to further explore the establishment of a list system for off-site law enforcement matters, clarifying separately the circumstances suitable for off-site law enforcement and those not suitable. For matters included in the positive list, it can be clarified that off-site methods may be used to carry out law enforcement inspections; for matters listed in the negative list, in principle, penalty decisions may not be made solely on the basis of electronic monitoring, and necessary on-site verification is still required. By drawing clear boundaries of application, law enforcement resources can be concentrated on cases that truly require on-site handling, avoiding the tendency toward "generalization" of off-site law enforcement, and enhancing the overall precision and effectiveness of law enforcement.
Improve procedural rules and ensure the standardization of law enforcement. In face-to-face law enforcement, parties can learn about the situation in real time and raise questions on the spot, and law enforcers can also make comprehensive judgments based on the on-site situation; however, under the off-site law enforcement model, this process is replaced by technical procedures, and the standardized operation of procedures is particularly crucial for safeguarding the fairness of law enforcement. First, in the equipment installation stage, the system of pre-installation review and public announcement for electronic monitoring equipment should be strictly implemented; newly added monitoring equipment should undergo technical verification and legal review simultaneously, and monitoring point locations and equipment purposes should be publicly disclosed to society in accordance with the law, ensuring from the source that evidence collection is lawful and valid. Second, in the evidence review stage, the requirements for record review should be strictly implemented. Where monitoring equipment is used to collect and fix facts of violations, technical review should be conducted to ensure the accuracy of fact collection. Third, in the notification and service stage, the parties' right to know should be ensured. In off-site law enforcement, the parties are not at the law enforcement site and cannot learn of the law enforcement process and results in real time; whether notification is timely and sufficient directly affects the subsequent exercise of the parties' right to make statements and defend themselves. Administrative organs should promptly notify the parties of the facts of the violation in accordance with the statutory time limits and methods, and the notification content should fully state the facts of the violation, the basis for the penalty, and the channels for rights relief, enabling the parties to choose whether to defend themselves on the basis of being informed, so that off-site law enforcement can uphold the bottom line of fairness while improving efficiency.
Improve technical standards and consolidate the technical support for off-site law enforcement. Digital technology is an important foundation for off-site law enforcement. The degree of unification of technical standards, the degree of stability of equipment operation, and the degree of interoperability between systems directly affect the effectiveness of law enforcement. Technical institutional norms should be further improved within the existing institutional framework. First, standardize the design and application of algorithms, improve recognition accuracy, clarify the standards for determining violations, regularly conduct algorithm accuracy assessments, dynamically calibrate equipment recognition parameters, reduce machine recognition errors, and ensure that electronic records are authentic, clear, and complete. Second, clarify the boundaries of data collection and standardize data processing conduct. Off-site law enforcement involves the collection and processing of large amounts of data, including citizens' personal information, vehicle information, and enterprise business data. The scope and methods of data collection should follow the principle of necessity, limited to what is necessary for determining violations, and data unrelated to the purpose of law enforcement should not be excessively collected. Collected data should be managed by category, clarifying the storage period, usage permissions, and processing rules for different types of data. Data involving citizens' personal privacy and enterprise trade secrets should be protected through measures such as encrypted storage and access control to prevent data leakage and abuse. Third, promote system interconnection and interoperability and enhance law enforcement coordination effectiveness. On the premise of ensuring data security, gradually promote the interconnection and interoperability of cross-departmental and cross-regional law enforcement systems, establish a unified mechanism for collecting and assigning violation leads, and achieve one-time collection, multi-party sharing, and coordinated handling to enhance overall law enforcement effectiveness.
Strengthen supervision and remedies and reinforce effective constraints on administrative law enforcement. In off-site law enforcement, technical means replace manual judgment to a certain extent, which objectively increases the difficulty of supervision and makes effective institutional constraints all the more necessary. On the one hand, strengthen internal supervision and consolidate hierarchical review responsibilities. Through methods such as case file review, regularly verify the standardization of equipment installation, procedural completeness, and reasonableness of discretion in off-site law enforcement. For issues such as equipment put into use without review, inadequate implementation of procedures, and clearly improper exercise of discretion, promptly urge rectification. Higher-level departments should strengthen business guidance and supervision over lower-level departments, and through methods such as regular notifications and case guidance, promote the relative unification of law enforcement standards within the same region. On the other hand, broaden external supervision channels, give play to the corrective functions of administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation, build a smart law enforcement supervision platform, use big data analysis technology to conduct real-time monitoring and anomaly early warning of off-site law enforcement data, automatically identify leads such as clearly excessive or insufficient administrative penalties, procedural violations, and profit-oriented law enforcement, and have supervision departments verify them. At the same time, build an online platform for public complaints and reports, proactively disclose information such as the installation of off-site law enforcement equipment, annual law enforcement data, and typical cases, so that law enforcement activities are subject to social supervision. Carefully verify and promptly provide feedback on issues reported by the public, and continuously promote the improving quality and efficiency of off-site law enforcement.
Return to TopBy: 吴德刚
At the celebration of the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must, in light of new realities, continuously carry forward and enhance the Party's fine qualities, ensure that the Party never changes its nature, its color, or its character, and always retains strong creativity, cohesion, and combat effectiveness." This important statement provides the fundamental guideline and practical requirements for our deep understanding of the fine qualities of the Communist Party of China. Being committed to the pursuit of truth, always keeping the correct direction of advance; being deeply rooted in the people, always possessing a solid foundation; bravely undertaking historical missions, always grasping strategic initiative; following the trend of development, always staying at the forefront of the times; daring and being good at struggle, always maintaining confidence in victory; focusing on strengthening itself, always full of vigor and vitality. The fine qualities of the Communist Party of China are the precious spiritual wealth of Communists and an important component of the lofty spiritual character of the Communist Party of China. To implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important statements, we must draw the power of truth, the power of responsibility, and the power of personality from the fine qualities of the Communist Party of China.
Being committed to the pursuit of truth, ensuring that the cause of the Party and the people advances in the correct direction
"Being committed to the pursuit of truth, always keeping the correct direction of advance" reflects the distinct political ideal and firm political direction of the Communist Party of China. Truth is the correct reflection of the essence of objective things and their laws; only by adhering to truth can one understand the essence of things, grasp objective laws, and ultimately grasp the correct direction of history. Over the past one hundred years and more, the Chinese working class found Marxism as its ideological weapon, which was accepted and applied by the Chinese people, becoming a powerful ideological weapon for the Chinese people to transform the world, guiding China's revolution, construction, reform, and the great practice of the new era to continuously achieve success and create one miracle after another. The history of the past one hundred years and more has fully proven that the reason why the Communist Party of China can do it and why socialism with Chinese characteristics is good ultimately lies in the fact that Marxism works, and the sinicized and modernized Marxism works.
Being committed to the pursuit of truth means adhering to and carrying forward the power of Marxist truth, and always adhering to Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the latest achievement of the sinicization and modernization of Marxism. On the new journey, it is necessary to thoroughly study, understand, and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in light of the new situation, and consciously become firm believers and faithful practitioners of scientific truth. We must deeply grasp the laws of Communist Party governance, the laws of socialist construction, and the laws of the development of human society contained in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply grasp its worldview, methodology, and the standpoints, viewpoints, and methods running through it, deeply understand the advanced theoretical character and spiritual quality of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, deeply understand the firm ideals and convictions, strong sense of responsibility, profound feelings for the family and the country, deep historical vision, and rigorous style of seeking truth from facts of the Chinese Communists contained therein, and deeply understand the noble spiritual quality and lofty value pursuit of the Chinese Communists with Comrade Xi Jinping as the main representative.
Being deeply rooted in the people, consciously practicing the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly
"Being deeply rooted in the people, always possessing a solid foundation" reflects the nature and purpose of the Communist Party of China. The value pursuit of a political party is always a fundamental and directional issue. The Communist Party of China comes from the people. When the pioneers of the Communist Party of China founded the Party, they deeply recognized that "we must not forget the two major laws," namely, that all movements of the Party must go deep into the broad masses; and that within the Party there must be organization and training adapted to the revolution. The history of struggle of the Communist Party of China is, in the final analysis, a history of serving the people wholeheartedly. The practice of the past one hundred years and more has proven that the "two major laws" are precisely an important source of the advanced nature and purity of the Communist Party of China, and also an important magic weapon for strengthening the Party's own construction, directly related to the rise and fall, success and failure, and future and destiny of the Party. It is also precisely because the Party is deeply rooted in the people that during the War of Resistance Against Japan, our Party relied on the people to make the Japanese aggressors fall into the vast ocean of people's war; during the War of Liberation, our Party relied on the common people, using small carts to push out the victory of the Huaihai Campaign, and using small boats to row out the victory of the Yangtze River Crossing Campaign; the achievements of the period of socialist revolution and construction were obtained by the masses of the people through untold hardships; and the great historical achievements of the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization were even more created by hundreds of millions of people boldly emancipating their minds and daring to try and break through. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the "people's aspiration for a better life is our goal of struggle" proposed by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has interpreted the fundamental political stance and value orientation of the Communist Party of China, and is also the practical pursuit of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
Looking back at history, the Communist Party of China, relying on the trust and support of the people, grew from small to large, from weak to strong, and after experiencing one trial and setback after another, finally developed and grew to where it is today; looking to the future, only by not failing the people can the Communist Party of China closely rely on the people and continue to write a new chapter in the great cause of the Party that will last for generations. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Everyone must always have the common people in their hearts, worry before the world worries, and rejoice after the world rejoices, and achieve not seeking personal gain and being selfless and devoted to public duty. With regard to personal reputation, status, and interests, one must think them through and view them lightly. We must make every effort to solve the most direct and realistic interests of the people that they are most concerned about, especially to make great efforts to solve the problems that the people are dissatisfied with, and do more things that provide timely help." On the new journey, every Communist Party member, especially leading cadres, must forever remember the Party's purpose, always put the people in the highest position in their hearts, and regard doing things for the people and bringing well-being to the people as the most important achievement.
Bravely undertaking historical missions, firmly grasping the leadership and initiative in the development of the cause
"Bravely undertaking historical missions, always grasping strategic initiative" fully reflects the original aspiration and historical consciousness of the Communist Party of China. A mission is the purpose and value of the existence of a political party and an organization. As a Marxist political party, the Communist Party of China is a faithful believer and firm practitioner of Marxism. From the day of its founding, it has upheld the lofty ideal of making contributions to humanity, always closely linking its own destiny with the destiny of the country, the nation, and the people of the world, taking the realization of communism as a "world-historical" existence as its lifelong goal of struggle, and taking the promotion of the free and comprehensive development of every individual as its lofty and far-reaching ideal. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Party led the peasants to "overthrow the local tyrants and divide up the land," carrying out a revolution against the feudal land ownership system that had lasted for several thousand years, fundamentally changing the economic and political status of the broad masses of peasants who were oppressed and exploited. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Communist Party of China was the first to raise the banner of armed resistance against Japan, actively assumed the historical responsibility of saving the country and the people, extensively carried out the movement of resistance against Japan and national salvation, and became a mainstay or pillar in difficult times (中流砥柱, zhongliu didhu - "middle, stream; pillar, support") for the whole nation's war of resistance. During the War of Liberation, the Party relied on the people to overthrow the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, established the People's Republic of China, and realized the great leap of China from several thousand years of feudal autocratic politics to people's democracy. In the period of socialist revolution and construction, the Communist Party of China led the people in unremitting struggle, committed to building the socialist system. In the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, the Party proposed that "common prosperity" is the essential requirement of socialism, and explored a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics in great practice. Entering the new era, our Party has coordinated the advancement of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan (五位一体) and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy (四个全面), led the people to historically solve the problem of absolute poverty, completed the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects as scheduled, achieved the First Centenary Goal, and embarked on the new journey of achieving the Second Centenary Goal. Chinese modernization has continued to advance, not only contributing momentum and opportunities to global development, but also further expanding the development space of world modernization, and contributing Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese strength to solving the major problems facing human society.
Over the past one hundred years and more, generation after generation of Chinese Communists have always stood at the forefront of the proletarian revolutionary struggle, always keeping in mind the original aspiration and mission of the Communist Party of China, with a high degree of political consciousness, grasping historical initiative, launching heroic struggles to complete the tasks entrusted by history, and leading the ship of history to advance proudly. On the new historical journey, the central task of the Communist Party of China is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country, achieve the Second Centenary Goal, and comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization. This is also the solemn historical responsibility of contemporary Chinese Communists. Facing the intertwined and mutually surging world conditions and national conditions, higher requirements are placed on our Party's courage, determination, and responsibility. Under such circumstances, how to open up and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics is a responsibility that the Communist Party of China must assume. On the new journey, in the face of the new situation and new tasks, we must always stay true to the Party's original aspiration and founding mission, strengthen historical confidence, grasp historical initiative, bravely assume the mission of national rejuvenation, fully stimulate the historical initiative spirit of all the people, continuously advance the great cause of Chinese modernization, and continue to forge ahead to achieve the Second Centenary Goal.
Following the trend of development, promoting all work of the Party to reflect the characteristics of the times, grasp the laws, and be full of creativity
"Following the trend of development, always staying at the forefront of the times" reflects the broad mind of the Communist Party of China. The historical consciousness and world vision of a political party determine its historical choices and direction of advance. Over the past one hundred years and more, the Communist Party of China has clearly grasped China's national conditions and the themes of the times, actively recognized, responded to, and sought changes, forged ahead with keen determination, and promoted all work of the Party to continuously reflect the characteristics of the times, grasp the laws, and be full of creativity, leading the country and the nation to advance in the logic of historical progress and develop in the trend of the development of the times. Over the past one hundred years and more, the Communist Party of China has been good at summing up historical experience, always consciously grasping the laws of Communist Party governance, the laws of socialist construction, and the laws of the development of human society, and on this basis grasping historical initiative. In order to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the Communist Party of China united and led the Chinese people, fighting bloody battles and unyieldingly, creating the great achievements of the new democratic revolution, establishing the People's Republic of China where the people are the masters of the country, realizing national independence and the liberation of the people, and enabling the Chinese people to turn from passivity to initiative spiritually. After the founding of New China, in order to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the Communist Party of China united and led the Chinese people, relying on their own efforts and striving to become stronger, creating the great achievements of socialist revolution and construction. After reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China united and led the Chinese people, emancipating their minds and forging ahead with keen determination, realizing a great turning point of far-reaching significance in the history of the Party since the founding of New China, establishing the Party's basic line for the primary stage of socialism, overcoming risks and challenges from all sides, and creating, adhering to, defending, and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, providing an institutional guarantee full of new vitality and material conditions for rapid development for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Communist Party of China has united and led the Chinese people, being confident and self-reliant, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, coordinating the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream, creating the great achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, achieving the First Centenary Goal, clarifying the strategic arrangements for achieving the Second Centenary Goal, and making historic achievements and undergoing historic changes in the cause of the Party and the country, providing more complete institutional guarantees, a more solid material foundation, and a more proactive spiritual force for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Being good at following the trend of development is our historical choice for facing the future, continuing to advance, and continuously achieving victory. In the new era, we must remember that each generation has its own mission, grasp the general trend of historical development, be brave to take responsibility, and actively act. Closely focusing on the supreme interests and core positions of the Party and the country, we must make unremitting efforts to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Seeking truth from facts, putting courage first, tempering the spiritual will to take responsibility and act, not fearing risks and difficulties, and boldly and resolutely doing everything that is beneficial to the Party and the people, achieving not avoiding difficulties and not shirking responsibilities. In particular, young leading cadres must forge excellent abilities, consciously go to the wind and rain to temper themselves, grow their abilities and strengthen their backbone in the midst of wind and rain and experience, and forge the hard spine, iron shoulders, and real skills for taking responsibility and acting.
Daring and being good at struggle, consciously overcoming difficulties, fighting risks, and meeting challenges with historical initiative spirit
"Daring and being good at struggle, always maintaining confidence in victory" reflects the firm will and character and historical confidence of the Communist Party of China. The spirit of struggle is the inherent theoretical character and practical requirement of Marxism, and it is also the innate backbone of our Party. All the achievements made by the Party and the people did not fall from the sky, nor were they bestowed by others, but were obtained through the great struggles of the Party and the people who were not afraid of bloodshed and sacrifice. Over the past one hundred years and more, Chinese Communists have adhered to and carried forward the spirit of not fearing sacrifice and heroic struggle, and with the iron will of remaining unmoved no matter how the wind and rain come, have encouraged the people of the whole country to continuously move from victory to victory. At the very beginning of its birth, the Communist Party of China demonstrated the most resolute, most thorough, and uncompromising spirit of struggle of a proletarian party. The founding congress of the Communist Party of China was held in secret under the white terror of reactionary rule, which in itself demonstrated the struggle spirit of the pioneers. Shortly after the founding of the Communist Party of China, it quickly plunged into the revolutionary torrent of organizing and launching the workers' movement and the peasants' movement, organizing the broad masses to carry out a series of heroic struggles against reactionary forces at home and abroad. According to statistics, from 1921 to 1923 alone, the Communist Party of China successively led more than 100 workers' strikes, setting off the first upsurge of the Chinese workers' movement, fully demonstrating the revolutionary spirit of heroic struggle. Entering the new era, whether it is the Party leading the people to win the battle against poverty or fighting the century's epidemic, it has provided a source of strength for our Party to overcome difficulties and challenges and ultimately achieve great victories and historic achievements.
Over the past one hundred years and more, daring to struggle and daring to win have always been the powerful spiritual force that the Party and the people cannot be defeated by. The establishment of the Communist Party of China, the founding of the People's Republic of China, the implementation of reform and opening up, and the advancement of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era were all born in struggle, developed in struggle, and grew stronger in struggle. Our Party has reached today by relying on struggle, and it will inevitably rely on struggle to win the future. In the new era, facing changes unseen in a century in the world, the historical journey of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is full of thorns and challenges. We must maintain the spirit of not fearing sacrifice and heroic struggle from the time of the Party's founding, maintain a childlike heart towards the people, and achieve the courage to struggle. We must not only be good at enhancing the initiative of struggle amid risks and challenges, maintaining a strong sense of urgency and risk awareness; but also enhance the artistry of struggle, deeply understand the long-term nature of struggle, and always remember that "be secure without forgetting danger, survive without forgetting demise, and be governed without forgetting chaos." The greater the difficulties and the more contradictions, the more severe the situation and the more complex the circumstances, the more we must pay attention to the strategy and art of struggle.
Focusing on strengthening itself, promoting the Party to become stronger and more powerful through revolutionary tempering
"Focusing on strengthening itself, always full of vigor and vitality" reflects the self-revolution spirit of the Communist Party of China. Being brave in self-revolution is a notable symbol that distinguishes the Communist Party of China from other political parties, is the most distinctive character of our Party, and is the powerful support for our Party to always maintain its youthful vitality. Practice has proven that being brave in self-revolution, insisting on turning the blade inward, and daring to wage a resolute struggle against the Party's own problems are an important magic weapon for our Party to continuously obtain truth and adhere to truth, and are the precious historical experience of the Communist Party of China. Over the past one hundred years and more, Chinese Communists have continuously strengthened Party building, been brave in self-revolution, enabling the Party to always maintain its advanced nature and purity, always stay at the forefront of the times, and always become the mainstay of the people of the whole country. At the very beginning of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the pioneers, with a thorough and uncompromising attitude, resolutely engaged in debates with anarchism, resolutely drew a clear line with revisionism, making the Communist Party of China from the very beginning a vanguard of the working class guided by Marxism-Leninism, with unified organization and strict discipline. The Party has always unremittingly carried out self-revolution in its long-term arduous struggle. From the Yan'an Rectification Movement to the "Three Anti" campaign after the founding of New China, from the "Three Emphases" education to the education activities for maintaining the advanced nature of Communist Party members, from the Party's mass line education and practice activities to the "Three Stricts and Three Honests" special education, every centralized education activity of the Party has been a targeted attack on prominent problems within the Party. Over the past one hundred years and more, our Party has strengthened its own construction with the firmness and persistence of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party forever on the road, always standing at the forefront of the times and staying at the forefront of the times, providing political guarantees for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with strong leadership.
The spirit of self-revolution is the powerful support for the Party to always maintain its youthful vitality. An advanced Marxist political party is not born naturally, but is tempered through continuous self-revolution. The greatness of the Party does not lie in not making mistakes, but in never concealing its illnesses and avoiding medical treatment, daring to face problems directly, and being brave in self-revolution. As long as we continuously eliminate all factors that harm the advanced nature and purity of the Party, and continuously eliminate all viruses that erode the healthy body of the Party, we will certainly be able to ensure that the Party never changes its nature, its color, or its character, and ensure that the Party always becomes a strong leading core in the historical process of adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. At present, China is at a critical period of comprehensively promoting the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization. Communist Party members must adhere to and carry forward the spirit of struggle, bravely face the new risks and new challenges brought by the complex and ever-changing international environment, insist on turning the blade inward, strictly govern and manage the Party, continuously strengthen the Party's political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction, discipline construction, and institutional construction and the fight against corruption, and realize the continuous improvement of the Party's ability to self-purify, self-improve, self-reform, and self-enhance. In the face of major risks and powerful opponents, we must resolutely struggle, make no concession and yield no ground on matters of principle, dare to struggle against all erroneous words and deeds and unhealthy tendencies, and continuously advance the great practice of the Party's self-revolution in the new era of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party.
(The author is the former Vice President of the Central Institute of Party History and Literature)
Return to TopBy: 中国宝武钢铁集团有限公司党委书记、董事长 胡望明
Whatever one's view of political achievements is, so too will be one's development orientation, work style, and career landscape. China Baowu Steel Group Corporation Limited (hereinafter referred to as China Baowu), as a central state-owned enterprise, adheres to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly studies and implements the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the plenary sessions of the 20th Central Committee, always bears in mind the original aspiration and founding mission of serving the country through steel, fully implements the general requirements of "building the Party for the public, benefiting the people, making scientific decisions, and working with real effort," and runs the correct view of political achievements through the entire process of undertaking work and starting businesses, driving a significant improvement in the company's operational quality, value creation capability, and brand influence, and receiving an A-grade evaluation in the business performance assessment of central enterprise leaders for 10 consecutive years. Since 2026, the company's business performance has grown against the trend, with total profit growth outpacing the central enterprise average, writing a steel answer sheet of "transforming from the old giant into a strong giant" with tangible results and achievements.
Adhere to ideological navigation and build a solid foundation of faith. China Baowu has always regarded firming up ideals and convictions as the primary task of the Party's ideological development, insisted on using the Party's innovative theories to unite hearts and forge souls, consolidated the "root" and "soul" of state-owned enterprises, steadied the political direction of "transforming from the old giant into a strong giant" with the foundation of faith, and consolidated the spiritual base of "building the Party for the public." The leadership team, through the "first agenda item" system, Party committee theoretical learning center group studies, reading classes, and other forms, engages in studying and practicing earnestly (深学笃行, shen xue du xing - "deeply study, earnestly practice"), taking the lead in being firm believers and faithful practitioners of the lofty ideal of communism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics; grassroots Party organizations, relying on carriers such as the "three meetings and one lesson" and themed Party Day activities, guide the broad ranks of Party members and cadres to consciously strengthen one's foundation and resolve (补钙壮骨, bu gai zhuang gu - "supplement calcium, strengthen bones") and strengthening the fundamental basis (固本培元, gu ben pei yuan - "solidify foundation, cultivate origin"). Resolutely discard the one-sided perceptions that value visible achievements over latent achievements, the short term over the long term, and scale over efficiency, place the focus of development on enhancing core functions and improving core competitiveness, and transform ideals and convictions into concrete actions that serve the national strategy and promote industrial upgrading.
Adhere to strategy first and grasp the pulse of development. China Baowu, guided by the correct view of political achievements, upholds the mission of serving the country through steel, strengthens top-level strategic design, forms a domestic regional layout along the Yangtze River and the coast shaped like a "drawn bow and arrow" through joint restructuring, continuously promotes specialized integration to develop strategic emerging industries, forms a "1+3+2" industrial structure, and its position in the world steel industry is increasingly prominent, demonstrating the hard-core strength of the state-owned economy as strategic support. Through a series of research and training sessions, it has made the strategic judgment of long-cycle volume reduction and structural adjustment in the steel industry, promoting the transformation of macro trends into strategic language and strategic language into a strategic framework, uniting the consensus of all employees through scientific decision-making, and clearly answering "doing the right things" and "doing things right." In the process of formulating Baowu's 15th Five-Year Plan, it accurately assessed the three major strategic variables facing the new stage of Baowu's high-quality development, carried out a large amount of forward-looking deployment, and achieved phased results. The 18th Decision-Maker Research and Training Session focused on "surviving and crossing the cycle," distilling Baowu's "three innovations, four transformations, five strategies" high-quality development model, and establishing from the strategic level accounting-based operation and integrated coordination as Baowu's unique competitive advantages. The 19th Decision-Maker Research and Training Session focused on embracing AI, igniting the enthusiasm of all employees with a cognitive revolution of "AI + Steel," proposing three major tasks of deepening AI application, building a data foundation, and creating a new form of Baowu's intelligent economy, and clarifying four major AI application fields: intelligent R&D, intelligent governance, intelligent manufacturing, and intelligent services. These research and training decisions, closely following the pulse of the times with a high starting point and high positioning, unite the wisdom and strength of all employees, allowing Baowu to always maintain strategic focus amid drastic industry changes, win development opportunities with strategic initiative, and continuously calibrate its course and forge ahead through the waves on the journey of "transforming from the old giant into a strong giant."
Adhere to practical work as the key and walk the path of endeavor. China Baowu insists on producing political achievements through practical work, always placing strengthening and optimizing the enterprise in a priority position, unswervingly following a development path of higher quality, better efficiency, more optimized structure, and greener foundation, focusing on key areas such as serving the national strategy, self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and green and low-carbon development, and working with real effort to shore up weaknesses and strengthen strengths. Insist on taking scientific and technological innovation as the primary driving force for enterprise development, continuously achieving new breakthroughs in technological research, and in serving the national strategy by advancing research on deep-sea, deep-earth, and deep-space materials, 4 products achieved global first launches in the first half of the year. Actively serve the national strategy of resource security, with both the construction and operation of the Simandou iron ore project achieving success on two fronts. With deepening the application of artificial intelligence as the main direction of attack, continuously cultivate and expand new quality productive forces, with more than 500 "AI + Steel" scenarios implemented, the global first launch of the "AI Smart Blast Furnace," and three achievements including Baowu's "AI Furnace Chief" winning honors at the 2026 World Artificial Intelligence Conference. Adhere to the new development philosophy, firmly implement the "dual carbon" goals, build a steel enterprise that has achieved million-ton-scale industrial implementation on both the "short-process near-zero carbon" and "long-process gradual transformation" routes, with Zhanjiang Iron and Steel's hydrogen-based shaft furnace operating stably and efficiently, achieving industry first launches of multiple series of high-end products, and continuously contributing Baowu's strength to achieving a good start to the 15th Five-Year Plan.
Adhere to work style as a safeguard and shoulder the responsibility of commitment. On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the National Conference on Party Building Work in State-Owned Enterprises, China Baowu actively forges a cadre team that is loyal, clean, and responsible, shouldering the responsibilities and missions entrusted by the times on the journey of "transforming from the old giant into a strong giant." Centering on the theme of "establishing and practicing the correct view of political achievements and improving the political capability of top leaders," it held special training classes, carried out precise and professional training, and used the improvement of the political capability of "top leaders" to drive cadres at all levels to grasp the direction and shoulder responsibilities firmly under complex circumstances. Under the careful guidance and meticulous assistance of the Central Seventh Guidance Group, the Baowu Party Committee deeply carried out study and education on establishing and practicing the correct view of political achievements, upheld the purpose of "benefiting the people," adhered to investigating the root cause thoroughly (溯源深挖, su yuan shen wa - "trace source, deeply dig") and making real efforts to rectify existing problems, with members of the company's leadership team conducting more than 40 special investigations, identifying 33 problems, and formulating 128 rectification measures, and Party committees at the third level and above units identifying a total of 3,492 problems, using problem rectification to force management optimization and operational efficiency improvement. Through carrying out the special rectification of "new officials ignoring old accounts," a number of historical difficult problems have been effectively resolved, more than 1,300 practical projects for employees have been coordinated and implemented, and a large number of urgent, difficult, and anxious problems of employees have been solved. At the same time, the concept of the correct view of political achievements has been further condensed into the code of conduct of "ten stresses, ten don'ts," and integrated into daily management and assessment and evaluation, serving as an important reference for cadre assessment, evaluation and selection of excellence, and selection and appointment. Adhere to the combination of "immediate rectification" and "long-term establishment," pay attention to transforming rectification results into institutional achievements, comprehensively sort out the company's current management systems, systematically promote "establishment, amendment, and abolition," cumulatively sort out and optimize 651 systems, continuously build an institutional system that is "comprehensively covered, clearly responsible, and efficiently operated," and lay a solid institutional foundation for the company's long-term development.
China Baowu bears in mind the "great affairs of the nation," drives Party members and cadres at all levels to seek truth from facts and being pragmatic (求真务实, qiu zhen wu shi - "seek truth, be pragmatic") and work with real effort through the correct view of political achievements, anchors on the goal of "strengthening, optimizing, and expanding the enterprise and building a world-class enterprise," and making every possible effort (全力以赴, quan li yi fu - "all strength, go all out") to build a world-class enterprise that is "satisfying to customers, satisfying to employees, satisfying to shareholders, and highly respected by society," demonstrating greater responsibility and contributing greater strength on the new journey of advancing Chinese modernization.
Return to TopBy: 沈华
The Iron Man's "Five Talks" are five maxims proposed by Iron Man Wang Jinxi, and their content is: "When speaking of progress, do not forget the Party; when speaking of ability, do not forget the masses; when speaking of achievements, do not forget the majority; when speaking of shortcomings, do not forget yourself; when speaking of the present, do not sever history." Facing the era-defining responsibility of safeguarding national energy security and the practical test of self-reliance and strength in science and technology, the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of PetroChina (hereinafter referred to as the Exploration and Development Institute), standing at the starting point of the new journey, revisits the Iron Man's "Five Talks." This holds extremely significant theoretical meaning and practical value for calibrating the value orientation of scientific research, correcting deviations in the view of political achievements, strengthening the mission and responsibility of self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements.
Face prominent problems squarely and conduct in-depth examination and review of deviations in the view of political achievements in the scientific research field. Benchmarking against the national strategic mission, the work deployment of PetroChina, and the responsibility positioning of the Exploration and Development Institute, deviations in the view of political achievements in the scientific research field are concentrated in the following four types of typical problems.
Value orientation has shifted, emphasizing visible achievements over latent achievements. Some scientific researchers, influenced by the inertia of the "Four Onlys," harbor an impetuous mentality of "doing research for awards, writing papers for promotion"; some leading cadres lack a high vantage point and broad vision, focusing more on local interests than on serving the overall situation; in some scientific research fields, the academic atmosphere is impetuous, emphasizing form over substance, and neglecting technological effectiveness and the implementation of results.
Demand orientation is misplaced, emphasizing scientific research over application. Some scientific research and tackling of key problems is confined to the laboratory, detached from oilfield field sites and rigid production demands; the ability to discover and focus on real industrial problems is not strong, and the capability to crack key hard-core difficult problems is insufficient.
Collaboration orientation has barriers, emphasizing the local over collaboration. Cross-disciplinary and cross-unit collaboration barriers have not been completely broken down; the integrated coordination and allocation of innovation resources such as platforms and data is not in place; the depth of external industry-university-research-application linkage is insufficient; and the overall effectiveness of collaborative innovation has not been fully released.
Mechanism orientation has shortcomings, emphasizing constraint over governance. There are shortcomings in the reserve of high-level talent and the building of echelon talent teams, and the vitality of the workforce is not fully stimulated; the efficiency of scientific research management and service support needs improvement; the differentiated assessment mechanism is not yet complete; and institutional supply has not fully matched the practical needs of encouraging original innovation.
Trace the spiritual roots and deeply grasp the era connotation and practical benchmark of the Iron Man's "Five Talks." The Iron Man's "Five Talks" embody a correct view of political achievements with pure original aspiration and lofty vision, providing valuable spiritual mirror and reference for scientific researchers to establish themselves, do their work, tackle key problems, and build their careers.
"When speaking of progress, do not forget the Party" manifests the value pursuit of loyalty to the Party and bearing the overall situation in mind. The Iron Man always attributed personal growth and career progress to the Party's leadership, taking sharing the nation's concerns and removing the label of a "country poor in oil" as his pursuit. For oil and gas scientific researchers in the new era to establish a correct view of political achievements, the first step is to uphold political loyalty, inherit the spiritual foundation of the Iron Man's patriotic dedication, bear in mind the "great affairs of the nation," anchor to the overall national energy strategy, take root on the main battlefield of oil and gas field production for dedicated scientific research, and practice the mission of serving the country through energy with solid technological tackling of key problems.
"When speaking of ability, do not forget the masses" manifests the original aspiration and true character of being rooted in the masses and benefiting the people. The Iron Man always insisted that ability comes from the masses and must return to the masses. For the Exploration and Development Institute, relying on the masses means firmly establishing the concept that talent is the primary resource, building a multi-level scientific research talent echelon, and being good at discovering innovative ideas, technological breakthroughs, and pioneering practices from the broad masses on the scientific research front line; serving the masses means continuously improving the evaluation and assessment mechanism, striving to create a fair and just scientific research environment and a clean and upright political or social atmosphere (风清气正, feng qing qi zheng - "wind, clean; air, straight"), and maximizing the release of scientific and technological innovation vitality.
"When speaking of achievements, do not forget the majority" manifests the realm and breadth of mind of selfless dedication and united contribution. The brilliance of the Daqing Battle was the collective crystallization of the united struggle of tens of thousands of oil workers. The Iron Man never took credit for himself in the face of honors and always adhered to the supremacy of the collective. Big science cannot be separated from big teams. Key tackling projects such as the oil and gas special projects have long chains, involve many disciplines, and are highly technically difficult. It is necessary to build a task-led collaborative tackling system, completely break down professional barriers, fully pool collective wisdom to crack technical difficulties, and rely on team collaboration to promote innovative breakthroughs in major projects.
"When speaking of shortcomings, do not forget yourself" manifests the fine work style of seeking truth from facts and being pragmatic (求真务实, qiu zhen wu shi - "seek, truth; be, practical") and self-revolution. The Iron Man always maintained the sobriety of turning the blade inward, dared to face shortcomings and deficiencies directly, and first looked to himself when encountering problems. At present, the development situation of the oil and gas industry is severe and complex. Problems such as insufficient high-quality resources in upstream business and insufficient adaptability of scientific and technological supply are prominent, and there are shortcomings such as weak original innovation capability, insufficient breakthroughs in key core technologies, and too few landmark hard-core technologies. This all the more requires scientific researchers to actively carry out self-innovation and make every effort to crack the technological bottlenecks constraining high-quality development.
"When speaking of the present, do not sever history" manifests the spiritual strength of continuous inheritance and sustained, long-term effort. The Iron Man always upheld dialectical and developmental thinking, breaking new ground on the basis of inheriting the glorious traditions of the petroleum industry. The oil and gas scientific research undertaking has never been the work of a very short period of time (一朝一夕, yi chao yi xi - "one, morning; one, evening"); major scientific research tackling often requires the relay and persistent pursuit of several generations. The broad masses of scientific researchers must cherish the realm of being content with contributing to a cause without needing personal credit (功成不必在我, gong cheng bu bi zai wo - "achievement, succeed; not, must, at, me"), shoulder the responsibility of "success must include me," keep in mind the mission of revitalizing the oil industry through science and technology, adhere to drawing one blueprint to the end, and promote the continuous passing of a tradition or spirit from one generation to the next (薪火相传, xin huo xiang chuan - "firewood, torch; mutually, pass") and sustainable development of the oil and gas scientific research undertaking.
Benchmark, calibrate, and reshape, using the Iron Man's "Five Talks" to stimulate innovation momentum and vitality. The root cause of the deviation problems in the view of political achievements in the scientific research field lies in shortcomings in institutional mechanisms such as scientific research management, evaluation and incentives, and resource allocation. In 2026, PetroChina made arrangements for scientific and technological innovation work, emphasizing the need to firmly establish a correct view of political achievements, strengthen organized scientific research, adhere to the value-creation orientation, resolutely eliminate utilitarian tendencies in scientific research, and promote scientific and technological innovation to truly serve the development of the main oil and gas business. Scientific and technological innovation should uphold the concept that "production difficulties are the best research topics, solutions are the best research results, and output and benefits are the best research value," draw spiritual nourishment from the Iron Man's "Five Talks," and promote scientific research to return to the origin of the main business, the essence of practical work, and long-term development.
Anchor political loyalty, promote conceptual transformation from four aspects, and write political achievements on serving the overall energy strategy. Uphold the fundamental attribute of "central state-owned enterprises are loyal to the Party, and scientific research serves the country." Promote the transformation of ideas and concepts from "self-achievement" to "collective honor," from "interest-driven" to "demand-driven," from "achievement innovation" to "value creation," and from "small teams" to "great collaboration," effectively break down narrow thinking, and, based on the overall national energy strategy, uphold the original aspiration of serving the country through scientific research and steadfastly practice the value responsibility of practical work.
Deeply cultivate front-line practice, win the "four tough battles," and write political achievements on the answer sheet of empowering the main business with practical results. Crack the stubborn problem of "two skins" between scientific research and production, and make every effort to fight and win the offensive battle of risk exploration research, the tough battle of development plan research, the protracted battle of enhanced oil recovery technology tackling, and the initiative battle of digital-intelligent empowerment of scientific research. We must both emancipate the mind to open up new exploration areas and new fields, and do a good job of strategic replacement reserves; we must also firmly grasp the compilation of development plans, ensuring that new areas do not follow the old path and old areas must have new ideas. We must both support the "ballast stone" project of old oil and gas fields and actively embrace the digital-intelligent era, advancing the special action of "AI + scientific research."
Pool collaborative empowerment, strengthen the "four capabilities," and gather the political achievements of scientific researchers in the construction of a world-class research institute. Abandon the thinking of "fighting alone," and strive to strengthen the capability to crack key difficult problems, the capability to support overseas technology, the capability to research strategic decisions, and the capability to review and control technology. Strengthen research on basic geology and development mechanisms, and forge hard-core engineering technology tools; consolidate the overseas technical support system to ensure stable production of overseas equity output; improve the level of strategic research and serve as the think tank and brain trust of PetroChina; strictly guard the technical gates of reserve assessment and development plans, and safeguard the entry gate of reserve assets and the exit gate of development plans.
Uphold self-innovation, strengthen the "four major platforms," and implement political achievements in the practical work of seeking truth and being pragmatic. Based on scientific research better serving production, solidly build and strengthen the R&D and experiment platform, the achievement transformation platform, the exchange and cooperation platform, and the service guarantee platform. Transform the "problem list" from the production front line into "R&D orders," improve the full-chain incubation and implementation system for achievements, build an open and collaborative industry-university-research innovation pattern, continuously optimize scientific research service guarantees, enable scientific research work to truly connect with field sites, crack difficult problems, and produce practical results, and implement innovation achievements on the main battlefield of oil and gas field production.
Continue the spiritual torch, consolidate the "four types of support," and engrave the political achievements of scientific researchers on the foundation of long-term development. Adhere to continuous inheritance, uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, and cultivate a long-term and pragmatic ecology with the four major supports of Party building leadership, cultural infiltration, institutional empowerment, and talent foundation. Use Party building to lead and steer the political direction of scientific research, use the petroleum spirit and the Daqing Spirit (Iron Man Spirit) to deeply cultivate the sentiment of serving the country through scientific research, use improved assessment, incentive, and resource allocation mechanisms to correct short-sighted and utilitarian tendencies, use high-quality talent echelons to accumulate innovation momentum, and forge achievements that withstand the test of practice, the people, and history through sustained, long-term effort.
The Iron Man's "Five Talks," spanning more than half a century, remain becoming more vibrant or relevant as time passes (历久弥新, li jiu mi xin - "long, endure; increasingly, new"). The Exploration and Development Institute will continue to deeply study and practice the spiritual qualities contained in the Iron Man's "Five Talks," bravely shoulder the mission of R&D and innovation, enhance the capability to crack difficult problems, put effort into field sites, allocate strength to the front line, test scientific research effectiveness with real reserves, output, and benefits, resolutely shoulder the era-defining responsibility of safeguarding national energy security, fully support the high-quality development of upstream oil and gas business, and strive to write a new chapter in the construction of a world-class research institute.
(The author is the Party Secretary of the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of PetroChina)
Return to TopHuadian Overseas Investment Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Huadian Overseas Investment), as the main force and leading figure or pioneer (排头兵, paitoubing - "front, head, soldier") of China Huadian Corporation Ltd. in participating in international cooperation and advancing the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, has firmly established and practiced a correct view of political achievements, promoted the "hard connectivity" of infrastructure, the "soft connectivity" of rules and standards, and the "people-to-people connectivity" with the people of partner countries through new responsibilities and new actions, and contributed to building a community with a shared future for mankind through concrete work and tangible results.
Focusing on main responsibilities and core business, promoting the improvement of quality and acceleration of enterprise development. Huadian Overseas Investment adheres to focusing on countries jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, bases itself on local resource endowments, aligns with the development strategies of host countries, takes green development as its top priority, and has built an integrated full-chain development pattern covering investment, construction, and operation. Its business covers 9 countries including Indonesia, Cambodia, and Kazakhstan, and its industries span diversified energy fields such as hydropower, photovoltaic, wind power, gas turbines, and coal power. As of July 2026, the company's total assets reached 37.2 billion yuan, total installed capacity reached 4,093,830 kilowatts, and cumulative power generation exceeded 75.8 billion kilowatt-hours, effectively promoting the economic and social development of partner countries.
Lighting up the lights of the Silk Road with green development. Huadian Overseas Investment has put forward the goal of "creating another Huadian Overseas Investment," guided the development of overseas green energy with the new development philosophy, established 3 representative offices including those for the Greater Mekong Subregion and Central Asia, deeply cultivated mature markets in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Central Asia, actively expanded new markets such as Europe, while also paying attention to the Latin American market, and continuously advanced its globalization layout. It has made every effort to increase the share of clean energy. All newly commissioned projects in 2025 were photovoltaic new energy projects. On May 1, 2026, the Jizzakh 500,000-kilowatt photovoltaic project officially entered commercial operation, raising the share of clean energy installed capacity to 50.66%, with high-quality development "flourishing with greenery."
Forging energy benchmarks with high-quality projects. Huadian Overseas Investment adheres to building projects to high standards, bringing Chinese standards, Chinese technology, and Chinese equipment overseas, and meticulously constructing high-quality energy projects. The Sihanoukville project is equipped with supporting high-efficiency pollution control equipment and 7 sets of classified water treatment systems. Its air pollutant emissions are significantly better than Cambodian national standards and World Bank standards, achieving zero wastewater discharge across the entire plant, with a comprehensive utilization rate of 100% for fly ash and slag, making it the thermal power station with the most advanced technology and the best environmental protection indicators in Cambodia. The Bojaya project innovatively adopted "ecological slope treatment technology" and "circulating water underflow channel self-cleaning technology," and won the Indonesian National Science and Technology Progress Award. Both projects, relying on excellent construction quality, have successively won the China Electric Power Quality Project Award.
Demonstrating the responsibility of ensuring supply with Chinese technology. Fully adopting China Huadian's operation and maintenance management model, carrying out technical supervision, and strengthening technological empowerment, it has become a trustworthy energy investment and operation enterprise in host countries. The Rlesai project has built Cambodia's first power station testing center, achieving 4,680 consecutive days of safe production since commissioning. The Sihanoukville project was approved as the China Electricity Council's first power industry vocational ability evaluation base in Southeast Asia. The Bojaya project has promoted the resolution of the "large machine, small grid" challenge, and with approximately 18% of Sumatra Island's installed capacity, it has become the "ballast stone" for local energy supply security. The Jizzakh project adopted Chinese equipment, standards, and services, achieving full-capacity commissioning with zero defects and high standards, meeting the electricity needs of approximately 400,000 local households.
Focusing on social responsibility, shaping a credible, lovable, and respectable image. Huadian Overseas Investment adheres to the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, deeply cultivates ecological environmental protection, livelihood projects, and public welfare undertakings, interprets its original aspiration through concrete work, demonstrates responsibility through dedication, acts as a responsible global corporate citizen, and makes the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative more tangible and warmer.
Devoting efforts to education, cultivating local talent. Huadian Overseas Investment cooperates with North China Electric Power University to establish an internship and practice base for the School of Foreign Languages and a practice base for international students studying in China, aligning with overseas business needs and improving the quality of international talent cultivation. The Rlesai project, in cooperation with Guangxi Vocational College of Water Resources and Electric Power, has organized "Chinese + hydropower vocational skills" training classes for Cambodian employees; it has donated the construction of football fields, computer classrooms, and libraries in local schools, and established Huadian scholarships and teaching awards. The case study titled "'Project + Talent' Model Assisting Local Revitalization in Cambodia — Social Responsibility Case of Huadian Overseas Investment Co., Ltd." won the best poverty reduction case award in the "Fifth Global Poverty Reduction Case Collection Activity." The Bojaya project has opened the "Bojaya Lecture Hall" and simulator training to enhance the skills of local employees, with a localization employment rate exceeding 60%. The Sihanoukville project has launched the "Bright Silk Road" education assistance program, benefiting 1,056 local students.
Devoting efforts to social livelihood, handling practical matters that benefit the people. Huadian Overseas Investment places equal emphasis on fulfilling social responsibility and enterprise operation and management, focuses on local shortcomings in transportation, medical care, and other areas, formulates assistance lists, enhances local people's livelihood and well-being, and supports local sustainable development. The Rlesai project donates to the Cambodian Red Cross every year, has assisted in building 3 bridges and 45 kilometers of roads, and donated 400,000 US dollars to support post-flood reconstruction. The Bojaya project has built "resource recycling stations" in surrounding villages, turning waste into treasure and improving the local living environment. The Jiening project has carried out the stocking and release of juvenile sterlet sturgeon in the Volga River for 7 consecutive years, releasing a cumulative total of 84,000 fry, safeguarding the aquatic ecology and jointly building a green barrier.
Devoting efforts to international communication, telling responsible narratives well. Actively building a multi-channel, three-dimensional international communication pattern, using project development as a carrier, promoting "empathy and resonance" between Chinese stories and the world, and concentrating efforts on enhancing the brand value of "China Huadian." The Hanjian project was selected as a best practice of "small and beautiful" energy international cooperation. The Bojaya project's green rural construction and mangrove protection public welfare actions won the 2025 "Global Sustainable Development Asia Impact Platinum Award" and Indonesia's "Nusantara Corporate Social Responsibility Award." More than 10 works from overseas projects have won the Excellence Award in the "Belt and Road" Hundred-Country Imprint Short Video Competition, and the company's green development achievements are renowned along the Silk Road and deeply rooted in people's hearts.
Focusing on cultural integration, promoting mutual learning among civilizations and people-to-people bonds. Huadian Overseas Investment actively practices the Global Civilization Initiative, respects local ethnic cultures and religious customs, continuously optimizes cross-cultural integration activities, promotes China's excellent traditional culture, strengthens exchange and mutual learning, and promotes people-to-people bonds.
Building strong cultural positions, nourishing the hearts of employees. Overseas projects have meticulously created cultural positions in five areas ("five zones") including the plant front area, production area, office area, living area, and activity area, carefully arranged "Chinese Bookshelves" and "Silk Road Book Houses," and through promotional display boards, light box posters, promotional hanging pictures, video exhibitions, and other forms, integrated culture into production and living scenes in bilingual form, using cultural decoding to enhance the understanding and recognition of China's excellent traditional culture among Chinese and foreign employees.
Organizing cultural activities, promoting friendly exchanges. Overseas projects use traditional Chinese festivals to carry out traditional Chinese cultural activities such as the Spring Festival "Lighting Up Mountains and Seas · Celebrating the New Year Together" theatrical performance and the Mid-Autumn Festival "Light and Moonlight Shining Together" Hanfu appreciation event, actively participate in important folk activities of host countries such as Cambodia's Water Festival and Indonesia's Eid al-Fitr, and turn projects into cross-cultural carriers of harmonious coexistence and shared beauty. Taking advantage of opportunities such as the China-ASEAN Cultural Exchange Year and the China-Russia Culture Year, they deepen cultural exchanges with host countries and renew neighborhood friendships. For 10 consecutive years, they have carried out activities such as the "520 Public Open Day" and "Electricity Science Popularization into Schools," conveying warmth and strength through professional explanations and building bridges of friendship.
Carrying out cultural publicity, directly reaching key circles. Proactively "going out" to strengthen ties with host country governments, think tanks, media, and universities, promoting China's excellent traditional culture, the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, and the Belt and Road Initiative, and influencing local mainstream groups with project practice achievements. The Jiening project went to Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University to jointly celebrate International Chinese Language Day. The Bojaya project participated in the World Earth Day event held by the local government and was awarded the "Biodiversity Management Award."
Standing at the new journey of the 15th Five-Year Plan, Huadian Overseas Investment will continue to integrate into and serve the national development strategy, take the development of international energy and the provision of development momentum as its mission, deeply cultivate the energy cooperation layout in countries jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, unswervingly advance the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, and make greater contributions to promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
(Party Committee of Huadian Overseas Investment Co., Ltd.)
Return to TopBy: 曹芳
The Mu Us Sandy Land near Yin Yuzhen's home
A persistent commitment can move hearts across mountains and seas. Some time ago, a short video seeking a person went viral across the entire internet, touching the hearts of countless netizens. Yin Yuzhen, a National Model Worker from Uxin Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, spoke to the camera and revealed a wish buried for 26 years: to find the American friend "Saikesi" who had donated funds to help her back then, hoping he would come to the Mu Us Sandy Land to see with his own eyes the more than 50,000 towering trees nurtured by a $5,000 donation. Her plain words, together with a face carved with the furrows of years by wind and sand, immediately moved netizens, and "Searching the whole internet for Saikesi" quickly climbed the hot search rankings. Countless enthusiastic netizens spontaneously sorted through clues and did their utmost to help find the person. Through everyone's working together with concerted efforts (齐心协力, qi xin xie li - "together, heart, cooperate, strength"), after 26 years the two elderly people finally re-established contact, smoothly realizing this reunion that crossed national borders and spanned the years. Behind this story is an ordinary woman's struggle against desertification rooted in the great desert for more than 40 years, is an international friend's goodwill entrusted across national borders, and is a city's green answer sheet of endless growth and flourishing.
Half a Lifetime of Persistence Forges a Green Soul
Yin Yuzhen was born in Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province. In 1985, she married far away to Sala Wusu Village, Wudinghe Town, Uxin Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia. When she climbed over ridge after ridge of rolling sand dunes and arrived at her husband's family home, all her hopes for a stable life after marriage instantly turned to bubbles. The so-called bridal chamber was only a low earthen dugout more than half buried in shifting yellow sand, with no courtyard wall and no level yard. In the days just after settling in, Yin Yuzhen hid beside the sand hollows and wept bitterly countless times. But in her heart she always held a stubborn strength, unwilling to bow to fate. It was amid confusion and struggle that a scene in the spring of the second year after her marriage completely changed her life. That day, braving the wind and sand, she went to the well to draw water and inadvertently saw a small poplar tree beside the well sprouting tender green leaves and branches, tenaciously swaying in the fierce wind. This scene made her suddenly realize something or feel enlightened (豁然开朗, huo ran kai lang - "suddenly, bright, open, clear"): if one tree could survive in the desert, then the whole stretch of sand hollows could be planted with trees; with trees, one could block the wind and fix the sand, both protecting one's own small home and safeguarding the surrounding land on which survival depended. She tightly clenched the yellow sand in her hand and, amid the howling wind, made a vow to persist for life: better to die of exhaustion planting trees than to be bullied to death by the sand. This plain vow became the firmest spiritual pillar on her road of desertification control, accompanying her through countless moments of suffering from both hunger and cold (饥寒交迫, ji han jiao po - "hunger, cold, press, urgent") and of wind and sand destroying the forests in the darkest hours.
On the long road of desertification control, through repeated failures of replanting, and in light of the soil and climate characteristics of the Mu Us Sandy Land, Yin Yuzhen bit by bit worked out localized scientific desertification-control techniques: first fix the sand, then plant trees; grass checkerboards to lock the shifting sand; shrubs as the base, trees to reach maturity. This set of local methods later became the universal practical model for afforestation in Uxin Banner and even the entire Ordos region.
Cross-Border Goodwill Carries Deep Affection
Ronald Sakolsky, the American teacher whom Yin Yuzhen calls "Saikesi," while teaching in Luoyang in 1999, happened to see in a documentary images of Yin Yuzhen painstakingly planting trees in the Mu Us Sandy Land. Watching this rural woman, braving the fierce wind and scorching sun, planting trees day after day in the shifting sand, suffering repeated destruction by wind and sand yet never willing to give up, this stubborn tenacity deeply moved him.
In order to help Yin Yuzhen, who was mired in the desperate straits of desertification control, Saikesi raised a $5,000 donation. In 2000, Saikesi made a special trip to Uxin Banner, Inner Mongolia, and went into the sandy land afforestation site for an on-site visit. After Saikesi saw with his own eyes the harsh living environment there and the arduous afforestation methods of the local people, his heart was filled with shock, and he repeatedly exclaimed "unbelievable," and also sincerely praised Yin Yuzhen: "You turned the impossible into the possible; you are the most remarkable woman farmer in China!"
At that time, Yin Yuzhen had long since emptied her entire family savings, and her attempts to buy saplings on credit everywhere repeatedly met with rebuffs; even the basic food and clothing of the whole family could hardly be maintained. Faced with this huge sum of money sufficient to change her family's fate, she did not use a single cent of it to supplement household expenses, and immediately made a solemn promise: she must use every cent of the donation well, plant the saplings so they survive, firmly lock down the yellow sand, and when the desert completely turns into an oasis, she must invite her benefactor to come and see this sea of forest with his own eyes.
Because of language barriers, Yin Yuzhen could not remember the other person's full name, so she always affectionately called him "Saikesi." From then on, this name was deeply engraved in her heart. After Saikesi left, limited by the backward communication conditions of that time, the two gradually lost contact afterward. But Yin Yuzhen always kept her promise and never paused.
Exploring the Road of Green Prosperity and Shared Wealth
Over 26 years, Yin Yuzhen has been rooted in the sandy land through all four seasons. She often says: "One person planting trees can only create a small patch of green; a group of people working together with concerted efforts can lock down the whole vast expanse of yellow sand." When ten thousand mu of barren sand completely turned into an oasis, and the under-forest industry gradually took shape, she began to have new thoughts: she could not rely only on herself to control desertification; she had to drive the surrounding fellow villagers to join the greening cause together. She had to rely on the possessing unique natural advantages (得天独厚, de tian du hou - "obtain, heaven, uniquely, thick") ecological advantages to escape poverty and become prosperous, breaking the old concept that "sandy land cannot generate wealth and planting trees is wasted effort." Under Yin Yuzhen's demonstration, leadership, assistance, and drive, in Wudinghe Town of Uxin Banner and surrounding townships, more than 240 households of large-scale afforestation households with afforestation areas exceeding 3,000 mu have successively emerged.
As desertification control and greening began to show results, Yin Yuzhen turned her gaze to even farther places. She firmly believes that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets," and is determined to keep advancing toward the goal of "generating gold from green, and prospering the countryside through green wealth." She discovered that after treatment, the sandy land has loose soil and abundant sunshine, making it especially suitable for grain cultivation. After repeated trial planting and screening, the specialty "Yuzhen Desert Millet," with plump grains and a fragrant, chewy texture, was successfully developed. Subsequently, she took the lead in establishing a specialized cooperative, building a complete industrial chain integrating planting, processing, and sales.
Today, wind-sand control, specialty planting, forest-fruit processing, and cultural-tourism empowerment are continuously integrating, and a complete green industrial chain has taken root and become established (落地生根, luo di sheng gen - "fall, ground, grow, root") in the Mu Us Sandy Land. This land has also transformed from the "sand hollow" of yesteryear with yellow sand filling the sky into a "Green Wusu" and "Golden Wusu" with evergreen vegetation all year round and fragrant fruits and melons. The development model of "ecological desertification control + specialty industries + rural cultural tourism" explored by Uxin Banner has also become a replicable and promotable excellent model of rural revitalization.
Through more than 40 years of the passing of time through seasons (寒来暑往, han lai shu wang - "cold, come, heat, go"), Yin Yuzhen and her husband have clothed more than 70,000 mu of sandy land in green, and she has successively received honors such as National Model Worker and National March 8th Red Banner Pacesetter.
A Reunion Across Ten Thousand Miles of Mountains and Seas
Under Yin Yuzhen's day-after-day meticulous care and management, the saplings purchased with the $5,000 donation back then have now grown into more than 50,000 trees. The growth of these more than 50,000 trees is the complete fulfillment of a cross-border agreement, a green faith passed down from generation to generation in a small town, and an ecological model of whole-people participation, silent cultivation, and green-wealth symbiosis.
With the strong support of the Party and the government, Uxin Banner has continuously advanced key ecological projects such as the "Three-North" Shelterbelt Program, and the cause of desertification control has kept moving forward. Upholding the spirit of striving for green and dedicating oneself to green, Yin Yuzhen and generation after generation of Uxin people have built a green Great Wall on the Mu Us Sandy Land with their hearts' blood and sweat, making green the most beautiful background color of Uxin. The area of Mu Us Sandy Land treated within Uxin Banner has reached 8.3939 million mu, with a treatment rate as high as 85%, and the forest coverage rate has steadily risen to 32.92%. The desert that was once filled with flying yellow sand and difficult to inhabit has completely transformed into a frontier oasis lush with vegetation and abundant resources (水草丰茂, shui cao feng mao - "water, grass, abundant, luxuriant"), with forests and flocks of birds.
On the afternoon of August 23, 2026, after more than 30 hours of flight and transfers, Saikesi arrived at Ordos Ejin Horo International Airport. Before the flight had even landed, Yin Yuzhen was already waiting early at the pickup area. She stood quietly in a tender green coat with a red silk scarf, her right hand pressed against her chest, her left hand occasionally wiping tears from the corners of her eyes. When Saikesi walked out of the glass door holding flowers, the moment their eyes met, both were in tears. Yin Yuzhen quickly stepped forward, and the two embraced tightly. Twenty-six years of tears and longing, like two rivers finally converging, flowed together.
In this cross-border reunion across mountains and seas, what is most moving is not only the magnificent sight of a vast sea of forest, but also the human warmth contained in the entire oasis: it is the silent persistence of several generations of Uxin people year after year, and the goodwill of Chinese and foreign friends standing by each other across mountains and seas. The great desert is silent; the green is the witness. From one person's watch to the world's attention, Uxin's green story continues to gently unfold, continuing to grow and flourish endlessly (生生不息, sheng sheng bu xi - "birth, birth, not, cease").
Return to TopBy: 周海江
2026 marks the centenary of Zhang Jian's death. At this special juncture, the television drama River Tides Rising (Jianghai Chaosheng) is airing in the prime-time slot on CCTV-1. This 30-episode historical drama, set against the backdrop of the late Qing dynasty's perilous situation after the First Sino-Japanese War, presents a panoramic portrayal of Zhang Jian's path of modernization through his principle of "education as father, industry as mother." Mao Zedong once remarked that when it comes to China's national industry, "the light industry cannot forget Zhang Jian"; General Secretary Xi Jinping has praised Zhang Jian as "a model of patriotic entrepreneurs" and "a paragon of our nation's entrepreneurs." Through the visual narrative of River Tides Rising, contemporary entrepreneurs can learn at least four things from this worthy forebear.
The spiritual foundation of "patriotism and service to the country." Every choice Zhang Jian made in his life resonated in harmony with the fate of the nation. After the defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, he resolutely abandoned officialdom for business, returning to his hometown to establish the Dasheng Cotton Mill. His original intention was by no means to amass personal wealth, but to "save the nation through industry"—"willing to accomplish even the smallest useful deeds, unwilling to hold the most shameful of offices." He named his enterprise after the line from the Book of Changes, "The great virtue of heaven and earth is called life-giving," taking the establishment of industry, the promotion of education, and the undertaking of public welfare as his path to national salvation. Over his lifetime, he founded more than 370 schools and over 20 enterprises, driving the modernization of a single city through his own efforts, truly achieving the goal of sustaining people's livelihoods through industry and enlightening people's minds through education. This sentiment of family and country, integrating one's personal career into the nation's broader trajectory, is precisely the most precious spiritual foundation of Chinese entrepreneurs. Zhang Jian once said: "When one person manages the affairs of a county, he must have the vision of a province; when managing the affairs of a province, he must have the vision of the nation; when managing the affairs of the nation, he must have the vision of the world." For contemporary entrepreneurs to learn from Zhang Jian, the first lesson is that awareness of integrating enterprise development into the nation's destiny—patriotism is not a slogan, but an action that closely binds the fate of the enterprise to the prosperity of the country and the flourishing of the nation.
The entrepreneurial spirit of "forging ahead with strong will and resolute action." The most moving aspect of River Tides Rising is that it portrays "saving the nation through industry" as arduous labor stained with engine oil and soil. The drama does not manufacture the "satisfying thrill" of a comeback story, but instead meticulously depicts the weighing of options and concerns behind every decision on Zhang Jian's entrepreneurial path. Historical records note that Zhang Jian, "undergoing many hardships and setbacks, enduring insults and mockery, over five years from start to finish, fortunately never collapsed." Zhang Jian's entrepreneurial journey is precisely a history of struggle marked by undergoing many hardships and setbacks (千磨百折, qian mo bai zhe - "thousand, grind, hundred, break") and enduring insults and mockery (忍辱蒙讥, ren ru meng ji - "endure, humiliation, cover, ridicule"). At the founding of the Dasheng Cotton Mill, he lacked both substantial capital and business experience. The Chinese merchant shareholders in Shanghai collectively withdrew their investment, official government allocations were perpetually delayed, and at his most destitute moment he could not even scrape together the travel expenses for a round trip to Shanghai, resorting to selling his calligraphy to raise funds, self-deprecatingly remarking that he was "looking up at the sky and down at the earth, at one's wits' end with no way out" (一筹莫展, yi chou mo zhan - "one, move, not, unfold"). From being commissioned to establish the mill in 1895 to its formal commencement of production in 1899, for a full 44 months he shuttled between Nantong and Shanghai, enduring cold stares, facing doubts, and encountering setbacks, yet he never gave up. In the end, he leveraged the system of guaranteed dividends to mobilize private capital, allowing the Dasheng Cotton Mill to rise abruptly from a stretch of tidal flats. Entrepreneurship is arduous; it is through struggle that success is achieved. As long as an entrepreneur's spiritual will does not collapse, one can always find a way out of desperate situations and open new prospects in difficult circumstances. Zhang Jian's entrepreneurial spirit of "forging ahead with strong will and resolute action" remains today a spiritual driving force for all private enterprises in overcoming difficulties and tackling tough challenges.
The social responsibility of "pursuing both righteousness and profit simultaneously." Zhang Jian never regarded personal profit-seeking as the ultimate purpose of his industrial endeavors. Nearly all the wealth he created over his lifetime was devoted to society. According to incomplete statistics, he donated his entire savings of 2.57 million silver dollars accumulated over many years to education and public welfare undertakings. Even past the age of seventy, he placed advertisements in newspapers to sell his calligraphy, not to increase his personal income, but to fund charitable institutions such as the foundling home and the home for the aged. On the social responsibility of entrepreneurs, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Society is the stage on which entrepreneurs display their talents. Only entrepreneurs who sincerely give back to society and earnestly fulfill their social responsibilities can truly gain social recognition and be entrepreneurs who meet the requirements of the times." In running his industries, Zhang Jian was never engaged in minding only one's own interests (独善其身, du shan qi shen - "alone, perfect, its, body") in pursuit of profit, but rather in benefiting the whole world (兼济天下, jian ji tian xia - "all, benefit, heaven, under") through win-win cooperation. He united local Nantong merchants and gentry to invest jointly, mobilized surrounding residents to participate in land reclamation and pastoral farming and to work in the factories, tightly binding the development of his enterprises to the prosperity of the locality. He devoted all he had to public welfare, building parks, constructing roads, and running charities, so that the fruits of industrial development benefited all the city's residents. He proved through action that the greater an enterprise's vision, the broader its path; only by understanding cooperation for mutual benefit can one achieve enduring success. Learning from Zhang Jian means always setting one's aspirations high, keeping one's bearing humble, and broadening one's path, and, with an open and inclusive attitude toward cooperation, pooling together a powerful synergy for common development. This synergy is precisely the contemporary resonance of the modern industrialists' tradition of "pursuing both righteousness and profit simultaneously."
The innovative vision of "seeing the broader trends with clarity." Zhang Jian's innovation was not idle talk from a study, but genuine knowledge derived from practice. He held that "with industry but without education, the industry will not prosper" and "without expanding industry, learning will not flourish either." He introduced Western machinery and equipment while simultaneously improving and independently adapting key technologies; he founded a specialized textile school to cultivate local talent. From reclaiming land from the sea to establish the Tonghai Reclamation and Pastoral Company, to the successive rise of the Guangsheng Oil Mill and the Fuxin Flour Mill within the Tangzha Industrial Zone—what he constructed was a complete industrial landscape. On the importance of developing the real economy, General Secretary Xi Jinping once emphasized: "No matter what stage of development the economy reaches, the real economy is the foundation of our country's economic development and of our winning the initiative in international economic competition." Industry is the foundation of national strength and the bedrock of private enterprises' survival. Zhang Jian believed that "the responsibility for revitalizing China's industry must rest with the scholar-officials!" Throughout his life he delved deeply into the textile industry, using it as the core to extend the industrial chain, driving the coordinated development of supporting industries such as land reclamation, shipping, and iron smelting, never departing from the industrial foundation and never investing in speculative profits. In that turbulent era, he rejected the temptation of quick money and hot money, holding fast to the industrial track—this steadfastness is precisely the key to the survival of national industry. Zhang Jian was by no means a conservative industrialist, but rather a pioneer of industrial innovation in modern China. He boldly introduced advanced foreign spinning equipment, innovated production processes, established modern enterprise management systems, and pioneered the enterprise model of "gentry-led, merchant-run" operations. If our forebears a century ago already understood the need to "change with the times and innovate with the trends," then we, standing amid the waves of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, should all the more make innovation the core engine of enterprise development. We have always maintained that traditional industries are not equivalent to backward industries; as long as they are given the wings of scientific and technological innovation, they can radiate new vitality. To carry forward Zhang Jian's innovative spirit is to dare to break free from path dependence, actively embrace technological change, and make new quality productive forces the new driving energy for industrial development.
The title of River Tides Rising both highlights Nantong's geographical feature of connecting to rivers and the sea and metaphorically suggests Zhang Jian's open vision of rooting himself in his native soil while keeping pace with the trends of the times. What Zhang Jian has left us is not merely a history of making strenuous efforts in the early stages of an undertaking (筚路蓝缕, bi lu lan lü - "brush, road, blue, frayed") in entrepreneurship, but also a spiritual character of embedding one's personal destiny within the nation's transformation. Across the tunnel of a century, the spiritual legacy Zhang Jian left behind has not faded with the passage of time; on the contrary, it radiates ever more dazzling brilliance in the contemporary era. Today, in learning from Zhang Jian, we must draw spiritual nourishment from the deeds of our forebears, anchor our direction with the sentiment of family and country, overcome difficulties with entrepreneurial will, build a solid foundation with industrial steadfastness, embrace change with an innovative spirit, and move steadily to go far in the long run (行稳致远, xing wen zhi yuan - "walk, steady, reach, far") with a pattern of win-win cooperation.
Return to TopBy: 李蔚
At present, the phenomenon of cities having identical appearances (千城一面, qian cheng yi mian - "thousand, city, one, face") is becoming an anxiety that many cities cannot shake off. Landmark buildings share similar shapes, imitation ancient-style blocks converge in form, and internet-famous commercial districts are strikingly similar with minor differences (大同小异, da tong xiao yi - "great, same, small, different"), with urban characteristics gradually blurring amid visual replication. Visual landscapes are easy to imitate, yet soundscapes are deeply rooted in a place's soil and water, carrying a uniquely regional breath. On Beijing's Qianmen Street, the ringing of the tramcar bells strings together the ancient and modern memories of the Central Axis; beneath the Xi'an city wall, Qin opera roars out the ancient capital's vigor and stubbornness; among Chengdu's alleys, the gongs and drums of Sichuan opera interweave with the crisp clatter of lidded teacups, composing the leisure of life in the Shu region. As visual experiences grow increasingly homogeneous, sound offers people another channel through which to re-identify a city's temperament and savor its regional culture.
Sound engraves a city's cultural memory and living conditions, constituting its unreplicable auditory imprint. The soundscape jointly formed by dialect accents, traditional opera, folk songs, and street-life sounds carries the memory of local life, records local people's emotional expression, folk customs, and aesthetic habits, and possesses a distinct regional identity. Sound changes the way people perceive a city—people no longer merely "watch" a city but "immerse" themselves in it. Visual appreciation often carries a certain distance, a rational examination from the perspective of an onlooker. The reason sound can produce a sense of immersion is that it bypasses the vision-dominated cognitive path, acts directly on the senses and emotions, and quickly draws people into a specific context. Strolling along Suzhou's Pingjiang Road, the pipa in teahouses is plucked gently and slowly, and the soft, mellifluous pingtan ballads echo unhurriedly, allowing one to instantly touch the warmth and elegance of the Jiangnan water towns. The journey of sound entering the heart turns regional culture from static display into a perceptible, immersive living atmosphere, helping tourists break free from superficial sightseeing without deep engagement (走马观花, zou ma guan hua - "walk, horse, observe, flower") and truly feel a city's unique temperament and depth.
At the same time, sound breaks the spatial limits of cultural experience, painting a city's everyday foundation with the auditory details of daily life. In Shanghai, the sizzle of scallion pancakes turning in the pan in early-morning alleyways, the Shanghai-dialect announcements of place names like "Pu," "Bang," and "Jing" on buses, and the distant whistle of ships from the banks of the Huangpu River—these sounds are scattered in the crevices of daily life, requiring no deliberate search; walking down the street, they flow into one's ears on their own. Sound strips away the homogenized internet-famous filter, revealing the rich layers and details unique to a place.
Moreover, sound also reconstructs the relationship between people and the city, shifting cultural experience from passive reception to active participation. This experience is no longer a static process in which the city unilaterally outputs and the public passively observes, but a two-way interaction that can be joined and expressed. The "Joyful Listening to Changsha" roadside concert has built a national stage, where professional musicians accompany amateurs, passersby can take the stage at any time, and grassroots singers can stand in the center position. People shed their inhibitions in the gentle, romantic artistic atmosphere, lightly waving their arms to the melody and singing aloud, with individual voices merging into the rhythm of the entire city. Whether local residents or visiting tourists, all are able to transform from mere onlookers into participants and disseminators of urban culture, forging a deeper and more sincere emotional bond with the city. This can both enhance the quality of cultural life for local residents and provide visiting tourists with a low-threshold, high-empathy mode of cultural experience, thereby enabling every city to possess its own auditory charm.
The auditory environment of urban public spaces directly affects people's impression of a city. In light of local conditions, one may, based on the requirements of urban renewal and historical landscape preservation, incorporate distinctive soundscape design into the overall planning of public spaces, changing the "one-size-fits-all" commercial noise and assembly-line background music, and build a city-specific auditory system. Directional sound systems can be installed in historical and cultural districts, playing selected local opera excerpts at set times and low volumes; natural sounds and local instrumental music that blend with the environmental setting can be embedded in civic squares, waterfront promenades, and urban parks; and dialect-featured station announcements can be added to subway and bus routes. When auditory experience becomes part of a city's impression, the city is not only seen but can also be understood through listening.
Profound historical culture, relying solely on static exhibition halls and written historical materials, often leaves the public with a sense of estrangement. Yet local sounds such as dialect street cries, work chants, and folk ditties possess a natural emotional penetrative power and everyday intimacy, making them highly grounded cultural carriers. It is necessary to systematically survey, rescue, and preserve the street-life auditory memories that are on the verge of disappearing, establishing a digital urban sound archive; to set up QR-code guide signs in historical and cultural districts, where scanning allows one to hear the historical sounds and dialect stories of the street or alley; and to organize micro-performance activities in public spaces, pushing traditional sounds out of the theater and into daily life. By employing multiple means in tandem, the urban sounds hidden in streets and alleys become audible and perceptible, and people naturally come to understand the city's cultural lineage amid the everyday sounds at their ears.
A city's sounds require both the careful polishing of professional forces and the everyday creativity of its citizens. Offline, restrictions on small-scale street music performances can be relaxed, with fixed performance times and venues designated for street artists, so that folk sound performances have a systematic method to follow (有章可循, you zhang ke xun - "have, pattern, can, follow") and a place to rely on; online, topics such as "Identify the City by Its Song," "Sing of Your Hometown in Dialect," and "My City's BGM" can be launched on social networking platforms, along with citizen sound co-creation activities and rewards for outstanding works, building urban auditory IP that combines regional distinctiveness with contemporary aesthetic appeal. In this way, urban sounds move from being protected and disseminated to being created and loved, ultimately forming an urban auditory identity in which each city has its own resonance and forms a unique and distinctive style (自成一格, zi cheng yi ge - "self, form, one, style").
Using sound to step out of "cities with identical appearances" does not mean replacing visual landscapes, but rather opening a softer, more immersive, and more generative path of development for cities. By relying on distinctive soundscapes to activate cultural lineage, warm public spaces, and connect people's hearts, cities become living communities with stories, warmth, and soul, and amid the echoes of sound, regional culture is truly integrated into the urban fabric, nourishing modern urban civilization.
Return to TopBy: 金键
Currently, artificial intelligence is accelerating its penetration into every industry, and "intelligence-native" is increasingly becoming a hot keyword in industry discussions. What exactly does this term mean? Simply put, it signifies a shift in how we approach AI. No longer is AI treated as an external tool that can be added on at any time; instead, from the very outset of designing products, services, organizations, and even institutions, AI's capabilities for learning, reasoning, generation, planning, and collaboration are treated as foundational conditions, and goals, processes, forms, and rules are reconstructed accordingly—just as one lays water and electrical pipes before building a house, rather than running wires after the structure is complete.
"Intelligence-native" is easily conflated with "AI application." Both emphasize using AI, but they focus on different things. "AI application" embeds intelligent capabilities into existing industries and processes, whereas intelligence-native redesigns systems with intelligent capability as the starting point. "AI application" can be a necessary stage on the path toward intelligence-native, while intelligence-native marks the shift from technological enablement to paradigm reconstruction. To understand this leap, we need to step beyond the tool-centric view of "using AI to transform business" and look to history: how did those underlying technologies that reshaped eras actually change the world?
Looking at history, where does "native" come from
The steam engine achieved large-scale supply of power, driving the rise of factories and railways, but constrained by conditions such as centralized energy supply, on-site utilization, and mechanical transmission, power could not be universally accessed. Electricity enabled energy to be transmitted over long distances safely and at low cost and flexibly distributed; the internet enabled information to be connected, copied, and shared at low cost; and artificial intelligence is now transforming human knowledge, experience, and judgment into intelligent capabilities that can be generated, invoked, and coordinated. Compared with the steam engine, electricity and the internet more clearly present an evolutionary chain of "universal access—process reconstruction—native ecosystem," serving as a direct reference for understanding intelligence-native.
In the late 19th century, when electricity first entered factories, people merely used it to replace steam engines—removing boilers and installing electric motors—yet efficiency barely improved. It was not until people recognized that electricity's true value lay not in replacing steam but in making energy available everywhere that real change occurred. With independent electric motors installed on each machine, the assembly line emerged, and the era of mass production arrived. More importantly, electricity opened up an entirely new space of possibilities—new species such as electric lights, telephones, televisions, refrigerators, air conditioners, and elevators were born from it; and without elevators, there would be no skyscrapers, and the modern urban form would be inconceivable.
In the early days of the internet's rise, people likewise first engaged in "substitution." Newspapers became web pages, stores became e-commerce pages, and letters became emails. What truly changed the world were the native species later born for the internet—search engines did not move libraries online but created entirely new ways of accessing information; social platforms did not digitize address books but reshaped connections between people. Mobile payments, live streaming, and the platform economy—these new species ultimately constituted the internet-native world.
Electricity and the internet took different paths, yet their lessons are similar: what truly changes the world is not old things being connected to new technology, but technology first opening up a new space; the new products, new organizations, and new ways of life that grow within that new space are the new species; and for new species to grow at scale, new facilities, institutions, and rules are needed, thereby forming a new ecosystem. "Native" has never been a label applied later, but something that naturally grows out of the process by which underlying technology reconstructs key elements and opens up new possibilities. Understanding artificial intelligence should likewise follow this logic.
Why move toward intelligence-native
Embedding AI into existing business can certainly improve local efficiency, but local acceleration does not necessarily bring about systemic leaps. The early applications of electricity and the internet both went through similar stages. The mechanism at work can be revealed by Amdahl's Law, proposed in 1967: the upper limit of overall system speedup is determined not by how fast the accelerated component becomes, but by how slow the unaccelerated components remain. For example, if a component accounting for 30 percent of system runtime is sped up tenfold, total system time can only be reduced by about 27 percent; even if that component became infinitely fast, total time would be reduced by at most 30 percent, with the remaining unaccelerated parts firmly locking in the ceiling.
"AI application" often first accelerates one local part without necessarily improving overall system efficiency in tandem. For instance, in some software companies, after the proportion of AI-generated code rises substantially, links such as code review, system verification, and responsibility confirmation instead become new bottlenecks. This shows that embedding into old processes often merely moves the bottleneck elsewhere. The same holds at the industry level: AI runs fastest in the software industry, yet progress remains slow in fields such as medical diagnosis, legal reasoning, and organizational coordination; the ceiling on an economy's intelligence level likewise depends on those components that are hardest to accelerate. Only by redesigning processes, organizations, and rules around AI and rebuilding the components that hold back the whole can systemic value be truly unleashed.
Therefore, intelligence-native does not negate "AI application." Most industries can only start with local applications, but they must never stop there. The real transformation is to treat intelligence as a foundational variable and think from scratch about how products are designed, how processes are organized, how humans and machines collaborate, and how value is measured.
New spaces give birth to new species
The standard for judging whether something is an intelligence-native "new species" is simple: if artificial intelligence is removed, can it still stand? Adding a Q&A window to a traditional product—it exists just fine without AI; but a true intelligence-native form cannot be designed, operated, or even imagined without AI. At present, new species are emerging from four dimensions.
First, new products. Agents are no longer a function of traditional software but digital entities that work autonomously like "digital employees"; when combined with robots, vehicles, and industrial equipment, they can also enter the physical world to complete tasks.
Second, new organizations. The basic unit of organization is shifting from "human" to "human + agent." As more and more agents collaborate online, supply-demand matching and resource scheduling across enterprises and across regions gain new modes of realization, and the boundaries, job configurations, and management hierarchies of traditional companies will all be redefined.
Third, new modes of production. More and more links in demand analysis, R&D design, testing and verification, production scheduling, and operations and maintenance can be completed collaboratively by multiple types of agents. Some software companies have already begun exploring having agents handle demand, development, testing, and other links to rapidly produce "disposable software"; humans, meanwhile, shift from direct executors to goal setters, process supervisors, and value judges.
Fourth, new business models. When agents become the basic unit of productivity, the way value is measured changes accordingly. Today, large-model services are already commonly billed by invocation volume; in the future, payment by task and by outcome is expected to develop gradually, and traditional models of billing by headcount and by time will be reassessed.
These new species possess greater autonomy—they can perceive, plan, and act, and some systems can continuously learn and optimize. How to coexist, collaborate, and co-govern with such new entities tests the ecosystem, and this is a new issue we must confront.
New species need a new ecosystem
The flourishing of species depends on a suitable environment. For intelligence-native to truly occur, both "sunlight, air, and water"—computing power, data, models, and tools—and "roads and rules"—public support systems such as identity markers, capability discovery, connection and interaction, trusted collaboration, and security governance—are needed.
The computing power network provides foundational support for intelligent capabilities, the data network promotes factor circulation and value release, and the agent interconnection network addresses issues of identity, discovery, interaction, and collaboration among intelligent entities. Together, the three constitute the infrastructure for new species, and they also require institutional and rule-based safeguards that are trusted, secure, and controllable. Among these, the transformation of data's role is particularly profound. In the traditional informatization era, data's core function was recording and representation: reports recorded transactions, systems recorded parameters, and data was generally passive and static. In the intelligence-native stage, data also participates in model training, content generation, agent memory, and cross-entity collaboration, shifting from a resource that passively records reality to a foundational element for building intelligent capabilities, and the center of gravity of value shifts from "data-centric" to "intelligence-centric."
Ecosystem competition for intelligence-native has already unfolded at the national level. The United States places AI-driven scientific research in an important position within the reconstruction of its national science and technology innovation system, proposing the construction of scientific foundation large models, high-quality scientific research datasets, AI experimental verification facilities, and automated closed-loop laboratories, and promoting the transformation of research institutions toward intelligence-native forms. Once scientific research shifts to intelligence-native, it will produce significant developmental acceleration: from new drug creation to the discovery of new materials and new energy sources, R&D cycles are expected to be greatly compressed; basic research will also further shift from "supply-driven" toward "demand-pulled" around major problems. It can be said that the intelligence-native innovation ecosystem bears on whether one can seize the lead in the new round of technological competition.
Looking back at history, electricity took decades to truly change the world; what was slow was never just the technology, but people's understanding of it. Facing artificial intelligence, we must likewise be wary of the complacency of "replacing steam engines with electric motors"—installing a few new tools on the old system and believing one has caught the wave, while possibly missing the precious window for reconstructing the entire system according to new logic. Competition among major powers in science and technology is on the surface competition in technology and industry, but at its core it is competition in cognition and thought. Whoever first understands the logic of the new paradigm will be able to define the rules and open up new frontiers earlier. The era of change relies on technology; the era of leadership has always relied on thought. Understanding intelligence-native is an important lesson for comprehending the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation; advancing the construction of new infrastructure with systematic thinking and nurturing the soil for new species to grow is the issue of our times to which we must respond.
(The author is the director of the Industrial Internet and IoT Research Institute of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology)
Return to TopBy: 孙茜
In May of this year, the Cyberspace Administration of China, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the Implementation Opinions on the Standardized Application and Innovative Development of Intelligent Agents, the first systematic policy document in China focused on intelligent agents. The document lists healthcare as a key direction for improving people's well-being, clarifies the need to enhance the performance of medical-assistance intelligent agents such as medical image analysis, disease diagnosis and reasoning, and generation of customized diagnosis and treatment plans, and explores agent types such as drug management, surgical scheduling, medical record management, pre-consultation, and report interpretation. Previously, in 2025, the National Health Commission and four other departments jointly issued the Implementation Opinions on Promoting and Regulating the Application and Development of "AI + Healthcare", making arrangements around eight directions and 24 key applications covering primary-level application, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and patient services, and proposing that by 2030, hospitals at or above the second tier will generally carry out AI technology applications such as intelligent-assisted diagnosis of medical imaging and intelligent-assisted decision-making in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
2025 is widely recognized by the industry as the first year of medical intelligent agents, and the industry has achieved a shift from "talking about large models in every conversation" to "talking about intelligent agents in every conversation," continuously reshaping the form of medical services. Domestic medical large models have developed rapidly and now number more than 300. Technology is being deeply embedded in medical institutions at all levels — iFlytek's intelligent medical assistant covers primary-level medical institutions in the vast majority of provinces nationwide, and Ruijin Hospital's pathology large-model-assisted diagnosis is gradually being extended downward to the primary level; traditional Chinese medicine intelligent agents have also been connected to hospital information systems, running through the entire process of intelligent pulse diagnosis, intelligent tongue and facial observation, assisted syndrome differentiation, and prescription generation. Healthcare bears on the safety of people's lives and allows not the slightest error. How to hold the bottom line of safety and privacy while embracing innovation is an urgent matter that must be attended to immediately (当务之急, dang wu zhi ji - "urgent, matter, must, priority").
Unlike single-point medical technologies, medical intelligent agents possess capabilities such as autonomous planning, tool invocation, and reflection and iteration, which expose technology applications to more systemic and transmissible risk challenges.
First, data security risks. Medical data is highly sensitive, and leakage can occur at every stage of collection, storage, and transmission. If an intelligent agent's scope of access is too broad, it may obtain unauthorized data; multiple intelligent agents may also indirectly infer sensitive information through cross-comparison. It is worth noting that clinical medical staff have long borne a heavy data burden, routinely entering the same set of diagnosis and treatment information repeatedly across multiple systems, and the frequent flow of data further increases the difficulty of information protection, adding layer upon layer of obstacles to data security control.
Second, algorithmic security risks. Bias in training data may cause systematic misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis of specific populations; and the "black-box characteristic" makes it difficult for doctors to trust AI. Some doctors have frankly admitted that although they use AI cost-control systems, they still cannot understand the logic behind them. Risks at the primary level of healthcare may be even greater. If AI imaging is not reviewed by senior doctors, and young physicians follow only AI results, misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis can easily result. In addition, fairness is also under challenge. Algorithmic benchmarks are systematically disadvantageous to basic-safety-net healthcare and special populations.
Third, behavioral loss-of-control risks. Intelligent agents may exceed their authority in prescribing medications or examinations, induce unnecessary consumption for commercial interests, and even deviate from medical ethics in resource allocation. The pull of algorithms on diagnosis and treatment has already shown signs. For cost control, algorithmic prompts may cause a patient who should be hospitalized for two weeks to be discharged after one week, or replace imported drugs with domestically produced substitutes. When machines replace communication between doctors and patients, the absence of humanistic care is especially fatal.
Fourth, liability determination risks. If an error occurs in intelligent-agent-assisted decision-making, does liability rest with the developer, the user, the medical institution, or the algorithm itself? Current law still has gaps, and existing medical dispute mechanisms are also difficult to adapt to the new model of human-machine collaboration. The misplacement of liability among the system, institutions, and doctors is a pain point that governance must respond to.
In 2026, more than 40 authoritative domestic healthcare and scientific research institutions jointly formulated the Expert Consensus on the Application and Governance of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Institutions (2026 Edition), building the fundamental framework or essential structure of a system (四梁八柱, si liang ba zhu - "four, beams, eight, pillars") for medical AI governance from dimensions including admission assessment, clinical application, protection of patient rights and interests, data governance, risk management, and competency improvement. In admission assessment, emphasis is placed on classified management and tiered admission: low-risk applications (such as intelligent guidance for patient triage) undergo simplified filing, medium-risk applications (such as image post-processing) are brought under medical device management, and high-risk applications (such as assisted diagnosis and treatment) are subject to the strictest standards. The consensus proposes that a joint assessment team composed of clinical, biomedical engineering, information, legal, and ethics experts conduct a "one-vote veto system" for high-risk products; it emphasizes using six months of real-world research to test the algorithm's local performance, introduces competitive cross-validation, rejects exclusive agreements, and prevents lock-in to a single algorithmic model. In clinical application, adhering to the principle of human-machine collaboration with humans in the lead is the bottom-line consensus. AI output may not be directly used as the final diagnosis plan: high-risk operations are prohibited from running unattended and independently; high-risk warnings require one-by-one manual review with full traceability throughout the process. In addition, the consensus also delineates red lines for anthropomorphic services, requiring interactive interfaces to prominently mark AI-generated content and to reserve a one-click direct channel to human staff for patients.
The difficulty of governance is by no means unique to China; the international community is seeking solutions to the same problem. In September 2025, the Coalition for Health AI (CHAI) in the United States and The Joint Commission jointly released the Responsible Use of AI in Healthcare Guide, and in May 2026 further launched eight accompanying governance handbooks, developed with the participation of more than 150 health AI experts from more than 100 institutions, covering organizational AI policy, organizational structure, organizational resources, and organizational processes (including five sub-handbooks on responsible AI lifecycle management, risk and impact assessment, responsible data management, third-party management, and education, training, and feedback), providing medical institutions of all types with an actionable and scalable AI governance framework. Regarding guidance for doctors' use of AI, the principle of "human-in-the-loop" is emphasized, namely that AI is applied to assist rather than replace clinical diagnosis. Medical institutions must provide clinicians with role-specific training for each AI tool so that they fully understand its scope of application and limitations, preventing degradation of professional competence caused by over-reliance on AI. Doctors should participate in AI governance structures. When AI is used to influence diagnosis and treatment decisions, doctors should provide patients with adequate informed disclosure.
In April 2026, the World Health Organization released AI Reshaping Health Systems: EU Readiness, noting that among the 27 EU member states, 74 percent have used AI-assisted diagnostic systems, 63 percent have adopted chatbots, and only 11 percent have formulated health-specific AI strategies, with governance still lagging behind application. In June 2026, the EU's Comprehensive AI Act received final approval from the Council of the European Union, and the hard requirements for medical AI were not reduced. For example, medical AI devices marketed in the EU must pass dual review under both the Medical Device Regulation and the Comprehensive AI Act, but the Act extends the compliance deadline for high-risk AI to August 2028.
Japan, by contrast, has adopted a flexible approach centered on soft law. In May 2025, the Japanese Diet passed the first basic AI law, the Act on the Promotion of Research, Development, and Application of AI-Related Technologies. Based on this law, the Japanese Cabinet in December 2025 approved the Basic AI Plan, proposing to build a country that is the easiest in the world in which to develop and apply AI. In its fiscal 2026 revision plan for medical treatment fee schedules, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare noted that medical AI has entered the stage of medical insurance payment and large-scale implementation, and that Japan positions AI as a systematic reshaping of hospitals as a whole.
Given the richness of China's medical scenarios, and as medical intelligent agents are gradually being deployed in top-tier tertiary hospitals and at the primary level, response strategies need to be advanced in coordination at three levels: institutional design, implementation adaptation, and sustained safeguards.
At the institutional design level, a multi-party collaborative standard-setting mechanism should be established, with governments, certification bodies, industry alliances, and medical institutions jointly issuing admission and governance standards, building a multi-tiered governance system spanning from national policy to expert consensus to refined hospital management. The core principle is: capability level does not equal delegation level; no matter how capable an intelligent agent is, it cannot replace the doctor's final judgment and responsibility.
At the implementation adaptation level, a risk-tiering and flexible adaptation mechanism should be implemented. Top-tier tertiary hospitals and primary-level clinics have different resource conditions, so standards cannot be applied with a "one-size-fits-all" approach. High-risk applications are subject to strict admission, while low-risk applications are managed under simplified procedures. At the admission stage, the bottom line of "data does not leave the hospital; intelligent agents enter the hospital" must be upheld, with unified interconnection protocols breaking down data barriers and preventing data leakage; at the usage stage, human-machine collaboration must be maintained, AI output may not be directly used as the final plan, and high-risk operations must undergo manual review.
At the sustained safeguards level, continuous post-deployment monitoring and forward-looking education for medical intelligent agents should be strengthened. The algorithm's real-world local performance should be regularly assessed to prevent clinical personnel from experiencing skill degradation due to over-reliance on intelligent agents. Development and security should be given equal weight, and innovation and governance should be combined, with multi-party collaborative governance coordinated so that medical intelligent agents can run fast and remain stable, truly becoming reliable partners in safeguarding the lives and health of the people.
Return to TopBy: 彭一杰
In his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 2026 World Artificial Intelligence Conference and the High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance, General Secretary Xi Jinping raised four questions of the era concerning artificial intelligence, the first of which was: "When machines begin to think, how should humanity coexist with them?" This question is at once a question of technology, and even more a question of philosophy and of civilization. It points to the practical issue of human-machine relations, and touches on human subjectivity. Among the four questions, the first is the overarching one: once human subjectivity is firmly established, the three questions of safety, governance, and inclusive benefit have a foundation to rest upon. As artificial intelligence accelerates its entry into production and daily life, answering this question well is what will give the intelligent era its moral anchor and give technological development its direction.
To answer "how to coexist," one must first clarify what it means for machines to "think." From the Turing test to the "Chinese room" debate, whether machines can truly think is a question that has run through the entire history of artificial intelligence development. Today's large models can write poetry, paint, reason, and argue, displaying an unprecedented (前所未有, qian suo wei you - "not yet, before, not, have") capacity for thought, but the problem revealed by the "Chinese room" has not become outdated: is what machines do pattern matching at the level of symbols, or genuine understanding of meaning? From a mechanistic standpoint, this kind of thinking remains statistical fitting and recombinant generation over vast amounts of data. According to Marxist epistemology, consciousness is a function of the human brain and a product of social practice; artificial intelligence is in essence the materialization of human intelligence—it can simulate certain forms of thought, but it does not possess self-consciousness generated in social practice. What can be affirmed is that no matter how intelligent machines become, they do not bear the responsibility and consequences of their own actions—the producer of meaning and the measure of value are always human. Acknowledging machines' capacity to think is what prevents us from underestimating the profound depth of technological change; recognizing the boundaries of machine thought is what prevents us from losing sight of humanity's place amid the wave of intelligence.
Looking across the history of human technology, humans and machines have never been in opposition, but rather in a relationship of extension and fulfillment. Stone tools extended the human limbs, the steam engine amplified human physical strength, the computer strengthened human calculation and memory, and artificial intelligence has for the first time approached higher-order cognitive abilities such as reasoning, judgment, and creation that were once considered exclusively human—and with this, the human-machine relationship has moved from "outsourcing physical labor" into "intelligent collaboration." Every technological leap has stirred anxieties about machines replacing humans. History shows that machines replace certain kinds of labor, but whether the technological dividend can be converted into greater human development depends on social institutions and modes of governance. How the human-machine relationship is arranged concerns not only the technological path but also the direction of human civilization. This determines that discussing human-machine coexistence can neither follow the old view of tools as neutral—algorithms carry values—nor fall into the old rut of technological fear—treating partners as adversaries.
From a practical standpoint, the issue of human-machine coexistence is already before every person. Intelligent assistants are deeply involved in study and work, and some people have ceded memory, judgment, and even decision-making to algorithms; intelligent companionship has led some adolescents and elderly people to develop emotional dependence on virtual relationships; workers in new forms of employment governed by algorithmic dispatch face the risk of alienation in which people revolve around machines; and when human-machine hybrid decision-making goes wrong, how responsibility is to be defined is still being explored. The essence of these problems is that, amid rapid technological iteration, the subject position of the human being is being quietly dissolved. The focus of governance cannot stop at the level of technological safety alone; it must also safeguard human subjectivity in labor, cognition, and decision-making.
In answering this question, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that all countries should uphold the principle of putting people first and striving for progress and goodness (向上向善, xiang shang xiang shan - "towards, up, towards, good"), and explicitly stated that "artificial intelligence should become a trustworthy tool for humanity" and that we must "ensure that artificial intelligence remains under human control at all times." In China's practice, this position runs through the entire process of AI development and governance: from the 2023 Global AI Governance Initiative establishing "people-centeredness" as a core concept, to the Provisions on the Administration of Algorithmic Recommendations in Internet Information Services and the Interim Measures for the Administration of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services embedding the protection of people's rights into algorithmic governance; from implementing the "AI+" action and putting intelligent technologies at the service of livelihood fields such as education, healthcare, and elderly care, to strengthening the protection of the rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment. The smarter machines become, the more institutions must shore up people's rights and safeguard people's subject position—this is precisely what it means for "people-centeredness" to move from concept to practice.
Answering this question well also requires effort in concrete areas. First, safeguard the human being's final decision-making authority at critical junctures. In fields vital to rights and life, such as the judiciary, healthcare, and public safety, it must be ensured that "the human remains in the loop"—machines assist judgment rather than replace decision-making, and the chain of responsibility is clear and traceable. Second, raise the intelligent literacy of members of society as technology users, integrate general AI education into all stages of national education, and guide the public both to make good use of intelligent tools and to maintain independent thinking, preventing "cognitive outsourcing" from weakening thinking ability. Third, let the younger generation take the lead as technology creators. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "artificial intelligence is a young undertaking, and it is also the undertaking of young people." Young people are both the creators of intelligent tools and the shapers of the human-machine relationship; they must uphold humanistic care in technological innovation and safeguard human subjectivity in the process of creating machines. To a large extent, the choices young people make will determine the future direction of the human-machine relationship. Fourth, build a human consensus on human-machine coexistence in global governance. Artificial intelligence is the crystallization of the collective wisdom and a precious asset of all humanity. If a small number of countries monopolize the rules, platforms monopolize the dividends, or even stretch the concept of national security and place their own security above that of other countries, human-machine collaboration will be alienated into domination of the many by the few, and the people of developing countries may not even have the opportunity to choose. China practices genuine multilateralism, gives practical play to the important role of the United Nations, and helps Global South countries strengthen capacity-building, so that the people of all countries have the conditions to participate in shaping the human-machine relationship rather than passively accepting a technological order set by others.
"Of all things under heaven, the human being is most precious." Machines may become ever better at thinking, but the subject position of the human being cannot be ceded, and the dignity and value of the human being cannot be reduced. By upholding people-centeredness and striving for progress and goodness, and by letting machines' thinking expand rather than compress the space for human development, artificial intelligence can become a source of power for promoting shared prosperity and safeguarding common security. "When machines begin to think, how should humanity coexist with them?" Harnessing the transformation of intelligence with human subjectivity—the answer to this question lies not in algorithms, but in humanity's own choices and actions.
(The author is a Zhi Cheng Distinguished Professor at Nanjing University and Dean of the Institute of Complex Systems Management)
Return to TopBy: 包晓斌
Watershed ecological compensation refers to the compensation provided by the beneficiaries of a watershed to the subjects who undertake ecological protection; it is an economic means of protecting and constructing the watershed's ecological environment. It can regulate the economic interest relationship between those who contribute to watershed ecological protection and those who benefit from it, with the beneficiaries compensating the contributors, thereby achieving a reasonable distribution between the costs of watershed ecological protection and environmental governance and the ecological benefits. As China's ecological civilization construction continues to deepen, improving the policy system for watershed ecological protection and environmental governance has become a practical need for comprehensive watershed management nationwide. As an important institutional arrangement for restoring and protecting the watershed ecological environment, watershed ecological compensation makes beneficiaries bear the costs of ecological protection, effectively coordinates the interest relationships among relevant subjects in different regions within the watershed, and thereby promotes the sustainable development of the watershed.
Main Problems Facing Watershed Ecological Compensation
At present, in many of China's watersheds, the contradiction between the supply of and demand for ecological services in upstream and downstream areas is prominent, and the situation of scarce watershed resources remains severe. There are still some urgent problems to be solved in the practice of watershed ecological compensation.
Watershed ecological compensation lacks a coordinated and unified management system. Among the administrative departments involved in watershed ecological protection and environmental governance—including water resources, ecology and environment, forestry and grassland, agriculture and rural affairs, and natural resources—the degree of coordination is not high, and there is overlap in the functions of different departments, resulting in a situation of multi-departmental management in watershed ecological compensation. This both affects the coordinated advancement of all links in the implementation of watershed ecological compensation and is not conducive to improving the efficiency of fund use.
The marketization of watershed ecological compensation is insufficient. At present, China's watershed ecological compensation still relies mainly on vertical fiscal compensation and horizontal government-negotiated compensation, while the market-based model of watershed ecological compensation remains at the exploratory stage. The government compensation model has problems such as a relatively single compensation subject, unclear boundaries of responsibilities and rights, and unbalanced distribution of watershed ecological protection costs and ecological benefits, which to a certain extent affect the long-term and stable implementation of watershed ecological compensation. If a simple approach of applying a single standard indiscriminately (一刀切, yi dao qie - "one, knife, cut") is adopted for watershed ecological compensation, it is easy to produce a situation where insufficient compensation amounts and excessively high compensation standards coexist.
The standards and accounting methods for watershed ecological compensation have not yet been standardized and unified. Because there is a lack of clear key indicators and universally applicable accounting methods for formulating watershed ecological compensation standards, the accounting results of the value of watershed ecosystem services often differ greatly from the region's economic affordability. In some watersheds, the accounting of ecological compensation standards places excessive emphasis on compensation related to point-source pollution prevention and control, while insufficient consideration is given to non-point-source pollution prevention and control. At the same time, non-point-source pollution prevention and control mostly uses crude and simplified methods for benefit calculation, and the practice of relying on joint regulation of water quantity and water quality to carry out accounting of watershed ecological compensation standards is relatively limited.
The sources of funds for watershed ecological compensation are relatively single. At present, government fiscal transfer payments remain the main way of investing funds in watershed ecological compensation, market-based financing channels are not yet smooth, compensation means are relatively limited, and there is still room to expand the coverage of compensation. In most regions, investment in ecological compensation is insufficient, and only a few regions have explored relying on diversified funding channels to carry out work related to ecological protection.
There are still shortcomings in the implementation, enforcement, and supervision of the watershed ecological compensation system. In some watersheds, the input costs of ecological protection in upstream areas are relatively high, compensation benefits are difficult to fully cover protection costs, and the incentive role that ecological compensation should play has not been fully brought into play, making it difficult to guide upstream watershed areas to continuously increase investment in ecological environment construction. The design of supporting systems for the implementation of watershed ecological compensation is not closely connected with the formulation of compensation standards, and in some regions, there is a lack of whole-process supervision and effectiveness evaluation mechanisms in the implementation of watershed ecological compensation, so the operability of practice needs to be improved.
Basic Requirements for Promoting Watershed Ecological Compensation
Clarify the subjects of watershed ecological compensation and the objects of compensation. The subjects of watershed ecological compensation refer to the beneficiaries of watershed ecological environment protection, including governments, enterprises, social organizations, and individuals in beneficiary areas. The government bears the important responsibility for formulating the watershed ecological compensation system and ensuring its implementation. Beneficiary enterprises within the watershed may bear corresponding payment responsibilities for enjoying watershed ecological products and ecological services, and social organizations and individuals, as the subjects with the broadest enjoyment of ecological services, may serve as participating subjects in market-based ecological compensation. The objects of watershed ecological compensation are mainly the contributors to ecological protection. In watershed ecological protection and environmental governance, the objects of compensation include local governments, communities, residents, and related subjects in upstream watershed areas that provide ecological services; they bear the input costs of ecological protection and the loss of opportunity costs, and their contributions to ecological protection need to be compensated.
Continue to refine watershed ecological compensation standards. In accounting for the gains and losses of relevant subjects, it is necessary to consider both the ecological protection contributions of the objects of compensation and the actual payment capacity of the subjects of compensation; it is necessary to base this both on the assessment results of water quantity and water quality at river sections and on the input in watershed ecological protection and restoration and the value of ecosystem services, while also taking into account the demands of the objects of compensation and the willingness to pay of the subjects of compensation. Watershed ecological compensation standards do not necessarily have to adopt a fixed single value, but the accounting method for compensation standards should be clarified and a reasonable range for compensation amounts should be set. Specifically, the direct and indirect service value of watershed ecosystem services can be evaluated as a reference for the upper limit of watershed ecological compensation standards, and the lower limit reference value of watershed compensation standards can be studied and determined by combining surveys of the willingness to pay of compensation subjects and the demands of compensation objects, as well as factors such as changes in the income of protection subjects before and after watershed ecological protection and the development opportunity costs borne by ecological protectors.
Actively explore suitable ways of watershed ecological compensation. Adhere to the combination of government leadership, social participation, and market regulation. Continue to increase the intensity of fiscal transfer payments for watershed ecological compensation, actively cultivate market-based watershed ecological compensation mechanisms, and promote the implementation of compensation by downstream beneficiary areas to upstream protection areas. When the scope of watershed ecological compensation is relatively small, the beneficiary groups of the watershed are clear and definite, and the subjects supplying ecological services are limited, market-based trading methods with direct connection between supply and demand subjects can be explored, and incentive means such as "rewards instead of subsidies" can be adopted as a supplement. For watersheds that span multiple provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) and have a relatively large scope of ecological compensation, the public payment compensation method coordinated by the government can be adopted, with compensation funds reasonably arranged through fiscal budgets, giving play to the guiding and supporting role of central and local finances.
Continuously do a good job in performance evaluation of watershed ecological compensation. Local competent business departments, together with finance and other departments, may introduce third-party evaluation to assess the use of watershed ecological compensation funds, the implementation of projects supported by compensation funds, and the effectiveness of watershed ecological environment governance. The performance of watershed ecological compensation should be linked to improvements in watershed water quality, water quantity guarantees, and water ecological protection effectiveness, and should be assessed in accordance with standards for watershed ecological protection and environmental governance, analyzing the changes in gains and losses before and after the implementation of ecological compensation policies in upstream and downstream watershed areas, evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of watershed ecological compensation policies, and testing whether watershed ecological compensation policies are reasonable and efficient.
Paths for Optimizing the Watershed Ecological Compensation Mechanism
Further clarify the rights and obligations of both parties to watershed ecological compensation. According to the water quality and water quantity control objectives of different river sections in the watershed, clarify the rights and obligations of upstream and downstream areas in ecological compensation. If the upstream area implements tasks for water resource protection and water environment governance and continuously provides the downstream area with water quality and water quantity that meet the standards agreed upon in the agreement, the downstream beneficiary area should pay compensation funds to the upstream area in accordance with the agreement. If the upstream area fails to meet the water quality and water quantity control objectives agreed upon in the agreement, the upstream area should bear corresponding protection responsibilities and, in accordance with the compensation agreement, allocate compensation funds to the downstream area.
Build a service platform for watershed ecological compensation. Relying on the water resource tax system and the water price formation mechanism, reasonably reflect the ecological protection costs of water source areas, and raise funds through multiple channels for ecological compensation to upstream watershed water source areas. Deeply promote the comprehensive reform of watershed water prices and cultivate the watershed ecological compensation market. On the basis of fiscal transfer payments and special fund subsidies between upstream and downstream watershed governments, build a service platform for watershed ecological compensation, improve regional consultation systems, promote the signing of agreements among all relevant parties, and clarify the specific tasks of all parties in watershed ecological protection and environmental governance.
Scientifically determine the scope of ecological compensation. Reasonably select the regional scope of watershed ecological compensation to improve the efficiency of the use of ecological compensation funds. Upstream watershed governments should, in accordance with the share of ecological protection contributions, protection input, and opportunity costs, allocate the compensation funds received to the subjects contributing to ecological protection. At the same time, indirect compensation can also be implemented for upstream watershed areas through means such as policy preferences, tax reductions and exemptions, and project support.
Broaden the financing channels for watershed ecological compensation. Explore diversified financing methods for watershed ecological compensation, encourage social capital to participate in watershed ecological protection, and enter the watershed ecological compensation market. For watersheds with a relatively large scope, the establishment of ecological compensation financing guarantee funds in accordance with the law can be explored, and financial leasing business for environmental protection equipment can be developed. Implement performance-based contract services for watershed ecological environment, and guide social capital to increase investment in watershed water resource protection and water environment governance.
Strengthen supervision of watershed ecological compensation. In the process of formulating and implementing watershed ecological compensation policies, attention should be paid to combining expert argumentation, public participation, and government decision-making. Local competent departments should coordinate the organization and implementation of watershed ecological compensation plans and regularly carry out supervision and inspection of implementation. Establish a reward system for reporting illegal acts in the watershed ecological environment, smooth channels for public supervision, improve the incentive mechanism for public participation in the supervision of watershed ecological compensation, and promote the realization of joint construction and shared benefits of the watershed ecology.
(The author is a researcher at the Rural Development Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
Return to TopBy: 张文君
Article 679 of the Ecological Environment Code of the People's Republic of China stipulates: "The state implements paid use of all types of natural resources in accordance with the law, and improves the paid-use system for natural resources that reflects market supply and demand and the degree of resource scarcity, and embodies ecological value and intergenerational compensation." The purpose of paid use of natural resources is to enhance the management and economical utilization of natural resources, thereby improving the efficiency of natural resource use. Since the new era, China has made significant progress in establishing and improving the paid-use system for natural resources, but in some regions the systematic and holistic nature of natural resource paid-use policies is not yet sufficiently high, and there is an urgent need to further deepen reform so that the paid-use system for natural resources can truly take effect.
Further strengthen institutional design. At present, the systematic and holistic nature of the paid-use system for natural resources is insufficient. In terms of legal safeguards, the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, the Mineral Resources Law of the People's Republic of China, the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China, the Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China, and other individual laws all contain institutional provisions on paid use of natural resources, but coordination among these individual laws is insufficient. On the one hand, on the basis of strengthening interdepartmental communication and coordination, accelerate the legislative process and promote natural resources legislation at an appropriate time, so as to better coordinate the paid-use systems for all types of natural resources. On the other hand, in light of the differences in the natural attributes and functional roles of various resources, make differentiated institutional designs for the setting of bundles of rights, the scope of paid use, and the means of realization (such as price formation and revenue distribution).
Further clarify the boundary between market mechanisms and government functions. The paid-use market for natural resources is a non-fully competitive market, and to a certain extent there exist problems of market failure and excessive government intervention. First, the government needs to reasonably define the scope of paid use of natural resources. The basic principle is that the demand for natural resources by non-profit public welfare projects may be met through free allocation by the government, while the demand for natural resources by commercial projects may be met through paid acquisition via market transactions. Higher-level governments should supervise and review the free allocation of natural resources by lower-level governments, so as to prevent commercial projects from encroaching on natural resources free of charge in the name of public welfare. At the same time, reform the free allocation system for natural resources, such as promoting a new round of revision of the Catalogue of Land Allocated for Use at an appropriate time, narrowing the scope of free allocation and expanding the scope of paid use. Second, government functional departments should do a good job of basic work such as confirmation and registration of natural resource rights and monitoring and supervision. At present, on the basis of coordinating the confirmation of rights over all types of natural resources, the focus should be on tackling the tasks of confirming and registering rights over resources with prominent mobility and cross-regional characteristics (such as water resources) and resources with high property rights definition costs (such as grassland resources). Third, earnestly fulfill the state's duties as owner of natural resource assets, continuously improve and perfect the entrusted agency mechanism for ownership of natural resource assets owned by the whole people, effectively solve the problem of the owner being nominal, and curb at the source all types of illegal extraction and extensive utilization. Fourth, government functional departments should strengthen overall planning of public welfare natural resources, base the intergenerational equitable allocation on the sustainable use of natural resources, strictly implement the use control system for public welfare natural resource assets, and must not change the use without authorization or carry out destructive development. Fifth, steadily promote the reform of "separation of three rights" — ownership, contract rights, and management rights — over public welfare natural resources such as collective forest land. On the premise of safeguarding unchanged ownership and contract rights, allow the transfer of management rights, allow business entities to carry out protective development of them, give play to the economic value of natural resources, and open up the channel for transforming "two mountains."
Further improve the price formation mechanism. In the process of natural resource transactions, there are prominent problems such as undervaluation of resources and extensive, inefficient use. The root cause is that natural resources have the attribute of public goods, and their complete value composition has not been comprehensively accounted for and fully manifested, making it difficult to form a reasonable transaction price by relying solely on the market. First, establish a scientific accounting system for the value of natural resource assets. Incorporate two types of core costs into the pricing scope of natural resources: one type is resource acquisition and development costs, including direct inputs such as paid acquisition of property rights, preliminary exploration, and development and operation; the other type is ecological environment costs, including ecological restoration, environmental governance, intergenerational compensation to make up for losses in future benefits, and various external costs. Second, natural resource pricing needs to respect market laws and dynamically reflect market demand. For example, revise the minimum price standards for the transfer of industrial land at an appropriate time, reverse the disorder in some places where the primary market transfer price of industrial land is too low and the price gap between the primary and secondary markets is imbalanced, and on the basis of determining the minimum transfer price, reasonably formulate flexible transfer prices for industrial land. Third, natural resource pricing should strictly follow various natural resource price assessment standards such as the Technical Guidelines for Overall Assessment of Natural Resource Asset Prices (Trial) and the General Rules for Natural Resource Price Assessment, ensuring standardized pricing procedures and scientific, well-founded calculation.
Further safeguard the legitimate interests of rights holders. At present, unified confirmation and registration of natural resource rights has not yet achieved full coverage, and the entrusted agency mechanism for ownership of natural resource assets owned by the whole people has not yet been perfected. In some regions, there are problems such as low-price transfer of natural resources, inefficient use, disorderly development, and damage to the ecological environment, which to a certain extent harm the legitimate rights and interests of natural resource owners, users, and surrounding interested parties. Fully safeguarding the legitimate interests of all rights holders is an important means of improving the efficiency of natural resource allocation, and the key is to grasp the links of revenue acquisition and distribution. In the revenue link, first, alleviate the financing difficulties of natural resource development and operation entities. This may include establishing natural resource industry guidance funds and allowing natural resource development and use entities to finance from financial institutions using resource use rights as collateral, so as to solve the problem of insufficient investment in natural resource development. Second, continue to deepen the reform of resource taxes. On the one hand, resource tax collection should achieve collecting all taxes that are due (应征尽征, ying zheng jin zheng - "should, collect, all, finish"); on the other hand, scientifically determine resource tax rates to avoid rates that are either too high or too low. Through resource tax reform, systematically absorb the external costs caused by natural resource development, and scientifically reflect the true costs and reasonable returns of business entities' resource development. In the distribution link, revenue from the transfer of use rights over public welfare natural resources owned by the whole people shall be collected by local governments performing the owner's collection duties through tiered agency in accordance with authorization by the State Council, and shall be shared between the central and local governments according to statutory proportions. Revenue from the transfer of collective-owned public welfare natural resources shall be distributed in a coordinated manner by collective economic organizations. The funds from the above two types of public welfare resource revenue shall be mainly used for ecological restoration, pollution control, and ecological compensation. Revenue from the transfer of use rights over non-public welfare natural resources shall be enjoyed by the corresponding property rights owners, and income from market-oriented resource operations shall be obtained by the actual operating entities in accordance with the law. At the same time, improve the ecological compensation mechanism for surrounding interested parties affected by resource development, and ensure that the legitimate rights and interests of all types of rights holders are not infringed upon. It is particularly important that central and local governments should improve the revenue distribution mechanism in accordance with the principle of matching administrative powers and financial powers, reasonably optimize the proportion of revenue retained by local governments, build an ecological environment risk governance system with central coordination and tiered responsibility, and effectively consolidate local territorial responsibility.
Return to TopBy: 田辉
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the National Science and Technology Awards Conference, the General Assembly of Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the 11th National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology that it is necessary to optimize the mechanism for coordinated education between science and education, adhere to using talent in training and training talent in use, and focus on discovering and cultivating more outstanding young scientific and technological talent on the front line of scientific research. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China designated "coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy" as an important task for advancing the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. This not only reflects strategic thinking that keenly grasps the development trends of the global innovation landscape and the national innovation system, but also reflects a profound grasp of the dialectical unity between the laws of human development and the requirements of social development, setting clear task requirements and providing important guidance for the high-quality development of higher education. Universities are the concentrated intersection of education, science and technology, and talent, bearing the important responsibility of educating people for the Party and cultivating talent for the country. They should adhere to the integrated advancement of education, science and technology, and talent, actively explore the "trinity" coordinated and integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, systematically construct a new paradigm of coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy, and focus on cultivating innovative talent.
A Strategic Choice for Higher Education to Proactively Adapt to the New Round of Scientific and Technological Revolution and Industrial Transformation
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to giving priority to educational development, achieving self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and leading with talent, accelerate the building of a strong education system, a strong science and technology system, and a strong talent system, adhere to educating people for the Party and cultivating talent for the country, comprehensively improve the quality of independent talent cultivation, and focus on cultivating top-notch innovative talent. Coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy is an inevitable requirement for advancing the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, and is a strategic choice for higher education to proactively adapt to the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation.
An Important Path for the Integrated Advancement of Education, Science and Technology, and Talent Development. Education, science and technology, and talent are the foundational and strategic supports for comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and are key elements constituting the national innovation system. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that education, science and technology, and talent are inherently consistent and mutually supportive, and it is necessary to adhere to the integrated advancement of educational development, scientific and technological innovation, and talent cultivation to form a virtuous cycle. The national innovation system is the large cycle. By improving the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, coordinating the construction of a strong education system, a strong science and technology system, and a strong talent system, comprehensively enhancing independent innovation capabilities, seizing the commanding heights of scientific and technological development, and continuously generating new quality productive forces. Universities are important integration points of science and technology as the primary productive force, talent as the primary resource, and innovation as the primary driving force. They are both an important component of the national strategic scientific and technological strength and a reservoir of national strategic talent strength. The university innovation system is a subsystem of the national innovation system, the small cycle. Adhering to the orientation of serving Chinese modernization, it takes talent cultivation as the primary task, scientific and technological innovation as an important mission, and the talent team as a key resource, promoting the transformation of the three from physical aggregation to deep integration, achieving high-quality and rapid development. The national innovation system provides mission guidance, strategic orientation, and resource support for universities to build world-class universities, while the university innovation system continuously provides talent support, scientific and technological support, and intellectual support for enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. By collaboratively cultivating top-notch innovative talent, universities deeply integrate into the historical process of national modernization and regional economic and social development, promote the positive interaction between independent scientific and technological innovation and independent talent cultivation, and accelerate the building of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.
Practical Requirements for Cultivating Top-Notch Innovative Talent. Scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs are both value guidance and educational means, expanding the path for universities to cultivate new-generation talent with profound patriotism, outstanding innovation capabilities, and excellent practical abilities. The educational logic of scientific and technological innovation is to place the two systems of scientific research and education in a development field of synergy, symbiosis, and mutual dependence, jointly acting on talent cultivation practice, promptly transforming the latest scientific research achievements and frontier scientific issues inside and outside the university into educational resources, promptly incorporating them into textbooks and classrooms, effectively enhancing the frontier nature and attractiveness of courses, and focusing on cultivating students' innovative thinking, innovative awareness, and innovative abilities. The educational logic of industrial development is to promote higher education from a traditional closed system to open collaboration, achieving deep integration and value co-creation with various elements of science and technology, industry, and society. By building a close school-enterprise cooperation system, realizing the coordinated development of industry and universities, focusing on enhancing students' practical abilities, abilities to solve complex problems, and social adaptability, thereby improving the quality of talent cultivation, expanding the scale of employment and entrepreneurship, promoting technological innovation and development, and advancing industrial transformation and upgrading. The educational logic of national strategic needs is to fully leverage the role of universities as the main battlefield for cultivating top-notch innovative talent, the main force for basic research, and the birthplace of major scientific and technological breakthroughs, acting with a clear purpose or aim (有的放矢, you de fang shi - "have a target, shoot an arrow") cultivating national strategic talent and urgently needed scarce talent. Strengthen value guidance with national needs, guide students to shoulder the contemporary responsibility of national rejuvenation, and consciously integrate personal ideals into the process of serving national development. Design training programs around national strategic technology breakthroughs, transform national key laboratories, major national scientific and technological infrastructure, and other national strategic instruments into educational platforms, allowing students to temper and improve their abilities through real practice in authentic national strategic scenarios.
An Important Measure to Enhance National Competitiveness. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that competition in comprehensive national strength is ultimately competition for talent. Whichever country has an advantage in talent will ultimately have an advantage in strength. Through coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy, integrating scientific and technological innovation goals, industrial development needs, and national strategic needs into the entire process of talent cultivation, achieving deep connection between the education chain and the innovation chain, industrial chain, and talent chain, comprehensively improving the quality of independent talent cultivation, focusing on cultivating and producing strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders, and innovation teams, and promoting the building of education centers, science centers, and talent centers with global influence. At the same time, national innovation capability is the result of the coordinated linkage and mutual promotion of various elements of the national innovation system, and is a core indicator for measuring national competitiveness. Coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy is an important driving force for realizing the integrated coordination of the two cycles of the national innovation system and the university innovation system, promoting universities to shift from focusing on disciplinary development to serving national missions, achieving close coupling between the university innovation system and the national innovation system, ensuring correct direction, consistent goals, coordinated connection, and mutual integration and promotion. Through the alignment of talent cultivation, scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs, it is possible to achieve a multiplier effect of resonance and enhance the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system.
Promoting Discipline Optimization and Adjustment, Educational Paradigm Construction, and Faculty Team Building with a Systematic Approach
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to coordinate the implementation of the strategy of invigorating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the country through talent, and the innovation-driven development strategy, and to advance the integrated development of educational development, scientific and technological innovation, and talent cultivation. Coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy requires both macro-level planning and micro-level practice, based on the overall situation, clarifying strategy, and promoting discipline optimization and adjustment, educational paradigm construction, and faculty team building with a systematic approach, effectively breaking down institutional barriers between industry, education, and research, and unleashing innovation potential through orderly flow and effective collaboration.
Build a New Ecosystem of Disciplines and Majors Around National Strategic Needs. Disciplines and majors are the core pillars of the higher education system and the basic platform for talent cultivation. Striving to build a discipline and major development ecosystem of "demand traction—cluster support—intersection breakthrough" is the top-level design for promoting coordinated talent cultivation. Universities should focus on optimizing the layout of disciplines and majors, accelerate the establishment and improvement of discipline and major setting adjustment mechanisms and talent cultivation models driven by scientific and technological development and national strategic needs, implement optimization actions for existing disciplines and majors, promote the differentiated layout and construction of basic, applied, and strategic disciplines and majors, and promote a high degree of adaptation between talent cultivation and economic and social development needs. Focus on building strategic discipline and major clusters, targeting strategic emerging industries and future industries such as integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, quantum technology, new energy, new materials, and the low-altitude economy, integrating resources in an extraordinary way, and creating discipline and major clusters in areas urgently needed by the country. Focus on promoting interdisciplinary integration, based on the disciplinary advantages of universities, building interdisciplinary centers, breaking down disciplinary and major barriers, promoting breakthroughs in basic disciplines and interdisciplinary fields, strengthening basic research and generating major basic theories through deep interdisciplinary integration, leading talent cultivation and interdisciplinary integration with major scientific research tasks, and realizing the integrated advancement of disciplinary construction, scientific research innovation, and talent cultivation.
Build a New Paradigm of Talent Cultivation Around the Enhancement of Innovation Capability. To cultivate top-notch innovative talent, it is necessary to focus on breaking inherent models and deepening education and teaching reform in response to new situations, new requirements, and new trends. Universities should adhere to the "seven integrations linkage" to promote coordinated talent cultivation. Deepen the integration of culture and education, letting the salt of ideology and politics dissolve into the water of education. Persist in using Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to cultivate souls and educate people, promote the effective integration of ideological and political classrooms and social classrooms, deepen ideological and political education with the great achievements of the new era, cultivate students' character with the spirit of scientists, stimulate students' interest with the frontiers of scientific and technological innovation, guide students to establish lofty ideals, cultivate patriotism, and unswervingly serve scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs. Deepen the integration of science and education, making scientific research the source of living water for teaching. Adhere to empowering teaching with scientific research, deeply integrating frontier scientific research achievements into classroom teaching and textbook system construction. Highlight the educational function of major scientific research platforms such as national key laboratories, guiding students to temper their innovation abilities in major projects. Deepen the integrated training of undergraduate and graduate students, opening up the growth channel for top-notch innovative talent. Deepen the integration of industry and education, connecting classrooms with production lines and talent with the industrial chain. Jointly establish classes for urgently needed talent with key industries and leading enterprises, jointly formulate training programs, jointly build faculty teams, jointly build training bases, and integrate frontier industry dynamics and practical development problems into curriculum design and practical teaching. Deeply promote the construction of schools of outstanding engineers, deepen the reform of engineering master's and doctoral training, and cultivate more outstanding engineers. Deepen the integration of universities and localities, letting talent cultivation take root in the fertile soil of regional development. Anchor on local scientific and technological innovation and industrial development needs, jointly build university-local integrated innovation platforms such as schools of outstanding talent and industrial technology research institutes, and promote regional practice into classrooms and industrial problems into research topics. Deepen the integration of universities with each other, building a high-level academic community. Realize complementary advantages and a powerful alliance between two strong entities (强强联合, qiang qiang lian he - "strong, strong; join, unite") among universities, promote joint talent cultivation, joint disciplinary development, joint scientific and technological research, and joint team building, establish mechanisms for mutual appointment of personnel and mutual recognition of achievements, and work together to cultivate top-notch innovative talent. Deepen the integration of intelligence and education, integrating artificial intelligence into the entire process of education and teaching. Promote the systematic reshaping of curriculum systems, teaching models, textbook construction, and evaluation methods, creating future students, future teachers, future classrooms, future learning centers, and future schools. Deepen the integration of China and foreign countries, serving national strategy in strengthening global cooperation and development. Jointly build international joint schools and joint laboratories with world-class foreign universities and top scientific research institutions, promote joint curriculum development, joint faculty appointment, joint project research, and joint degree conferral, initiate and participate in international big science programs, build big science facilities, and lead major international scientific research projects.
Build a New System of Soul-Forgeing and Teacher-Strengthening Around the Goal of Coordinated Talent Cultivation. Teachers, as the foundation of education and the source of its prosperity, are the key force in cultivating top-notch innovative talent. Striving to build a first-class faculty team is the core support for promoting coordinated talent cultivation. Universities should build a faculty team with firm convictions, with the core of promoting and practicing the spirit of educators, regularly strengthening teachers' ideological and political guidance and the construction of teacher ethics and conduct, and guiding the majority of teachers to lead by example through words and actions (言传身教, yan chuan shen jiao - "words, transmit; body, teach") and cultivate virtue and nurture people with the noble sentiment of loyalty, responsibility, and patriotism. Build a faculty team committed to innovation, guiding teachers to break out of traditional teaching mindsets, deeply grasp the historical opportunity of artificial intelligence empowering talent cultivation, scientific research, and industrial upgrading, and further update educational concepts, reform educational models, and innovate educational methods. Build a faculty team with superb professional skills, guiding the majority of teachers to delve deeply into academic research, devote themselves to teaching and educating, and be courageous in innovation and creation, promoting the transformation of frontier scientific research achievements and high-quality academic resources into educational resources. Build an open and cooperative faculty team, promoting mutual appointment of teachers and resource sharing between universities and enterprises, guiding teachers to keep up with the world's academic frontiers, absorb advanced educational experience, and broaden international perspectives.
Overall Planning and Holistic Advancement to Accelerate the Construction of Institutional Mechanisms for Coordinated Talent Cultivation
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that strengthening the Party's overall leadership over educational work is the fundamental guarantee for running education well. Coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy is a systematic project. The Party committees of universities should strengthen leadership, make overall plans, and promote holistic advancement, accelerating the construction of institutional mechanisms for coordinated talent cultivation.
Strengthen Organizational Leadership. Improve the leadership system and working mechanism of unified leadership by Party committees, joint management by the Party and government, performance of duties by all departments, and participation by all sectors of society, transform the Party's political and organizational advantages into governance effectiveness and development momentum, gather strong synergy for the coordinated advancement of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs in talent cultivation, and provide strong political guarantees.
Plan and Advance Scientifically. Anchor on the strategic goal of building a strong education system, firmly grasp the overall requirements for the integrated advancement of education, science and technology, and talent development, strengthen forward-looking planning, systematic layout, and sustained advancement, systematically do a good job in coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy, and ensure that goal orientations are coordinated and consistent, task measures are connected and matched, and safeguard measures work in the same direction.
Deepen Comprehensive Reform. Coordinate the advancement of reforms in management systems, education and teaching models, and safeguard mechanisms, focus on solving the difficulties, bottlenecks, and blockages in coordinated talent cultivation, and break down ideological constraints and institutional shortcomings. Adhere to the student-centered comprehensive development, build a diversified, dynamic, and scientific education evaluation system, cultivate a first-class educational ecology, innovation ecology, and service ecology, and effectively stimulate the vitality of education.
Improve the Policy System. Strengthen the overall coordination and linkage of various policies such as disciplinary construction, enrollment and employment, scientific and technological innovation, achievement transformation, and team building, promptly optimize and adjust according to scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategic needs, adapt to the development of the times, conform to the actual conditions of universities, and ensure that various policies are highly coordinated in terms of goals and tasks, ideas and measures, and implementation paths.
Optimize Resource Allocation. Proactively align with national strategy and regional development needs, win resource support and school-running support with high-quality services and outstanding contributions. Establish and improve the resource coordination and allocation mechanism for coordinated talent cultivation around the needs of scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and national strategy, adhere to doing some things and not doing others, and maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of resource allocation.
(The author is the Party Secretary of Jilin University)
Return to TopScientific research institutes bear the era mission of intensifying efforts to tackle key core technologies, promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation, and cultivating new quality productive forces. Solving the problem of the "two skins" between Party building work and scientific and technological innovation, and transforming the Party's political and organizational advantages into advantages for innovative development, is a subject that scientific research institutes must answer well.
From the female meritorious figure behind the explosion of the first atomic bomb, to the "National Outstanding Engineer Teams" of the new era; from breaking foreign technological monopolies, to achieving internationally leading levels in specialized technologies, successively realizing the first research and development and production of 12 elements and 26 stable isotopes including molybdenum, tellurium, nickel, zinc, silicon, and ytterbium... Over more than 60 years, the Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering of Nuclear Industry of CNNC (hereinafter referred to as the Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering) has always resonated with national strategy, blazing a path of deep integration between Party building work and scientific and technological innovation in scientific research institutes.
Forging the Soul of Political Loyalty
All innovative work carried out by scientific research institutes must anchor on national needs and ensure that the development of the cause does not veer off course. The Party Committee of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering has always placed political construction first, conscientiously implementing the director responsibility system under the leadership of the Party Committee, and fully exercising the functional role of the Party Committee in "setting the direction, managing the overall situation, making decisions, leading the team, guiding the ranks, and ensuring implementation."
Political firmness stems from theoretical clarity. The Party Committee of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering strictly implements the "first agenda item" system, constructs a tiered learning mechanism of "experts lecturing in depth, leaders taking the lead in lecturing, and role models demonstrating through lectures," organizes lecture groups and instruction groups to go deep into laboratories and industrial workshops, and promotes the integrated discussion and integrated implementation of strengthening the Party's innovative theoretical arming with technological tackling and market expansion. Relying on the "Wang Chengshu Lecture Hall" to build a platform integrating theory and academia, it transforms theoretical learning outcomes into practical measures for optimizing technical routes and resolving industrial bottlenecks, achieving the simultaneous improvement of researchers' political literacy and professional competence. The Party Committee coordinates and plans the "one body, two wings, three specialties, seven innovations" development pattern, anchors on the goal of building a world-class isotope technology innovation base, and refines national strategic tasks into scientific research tackling lists and industrial tackling tasks, ensuring that every innovative work closely follows the deployment requirements for accelerating high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology.
The Party Committee of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering inherits the fine tradition of "building Party branches at the company level," promotes "Party building +" project-based management covering six major fields, and builds a three-tier linkage system of "Party Committee overall coordination, Party branch implementation, and Party members claiming tasks." It carries out joint Party building with upstream and downstream industry chain partners, organizes Party member commando teams and youth tackling groups, and achieves a 100% participation rate of Party members in urgent and difficult tasks. On the front lines of stable isotope and key project tackling, more than 30 tackling teams have completed over 300 urgent tasks cumulatively, breaking through more than 100 key technological bottlenecks, and strategic materials such as high-abundance silicon-28 and ytterbium-176 have achieved independent controllability.
The Party Committee of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering sets differentiated Party building evaluation indicators, with assessment weights tilted toward scientific research output, talent cultivation, and political ecology, eliminating the problem of disconnection between Party building assessment and core work assessment. It consolidates responsibility for building the Party affairs cadre team, and around the standardized and normalized construction of Party branches, tempers Party affairs backbone personnel who are "proficient in three aspects, capable in four areas, and excellent in five qualities," treating the position of Party branch secretary as a platform for cultivating versatile cadres, consolidating the "dual responsibility for one post," and achieving integrated advancement of Party building and innovation.
Consolidating the Foundation of Prospering the Cause Through Talent
Talent is the first resource. The Party Committee of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering adheres to the principle of the Party managing talent, treats the cultivation of young talent as a core project of Party building integration, innovatively constructs a four-dimensional driving model of "carefully cultivating talent, skillfully gathering talent, strongly managing talent, and efficiently utilizing talent," and continuously cultivates an innovative fertile ground where talent emerges in abundance.
Carefully cultivating talent, using red classrooms to sharpen the original aspiration of serving the country. Each Party branch regularly carries out youth scientific research salons and "master-apprentice pairing" activities, relies on the Wang Chengshu Memorial Hall, an education base for the spirit of scientists, to carry out immersive ideological and political education, and sets up the "Wang Chengshu Party Group" and "Chen Niannian Party Group" at the project front lines, promoting the excellent qualities of older-generation scientists who cherish the motherland in their hearts and serve the people, integrating them into the entire process of education, and educating and guiding youth to integrate personal growth into the overall development of the country.
Skillfully gathering talent, using brand platforms to broaden growth tracks. It creates the "Physical and Chemical Institute CNNC Youth Journey" Qingma research and study brand, has successively held 21 sessions of the youth paper report conference and 5 sessions of the youth science and technology innovation competition, and has cumulatively promoted the landing and production of 58 youth innovation projects. It has also introduced ten major enhancement actions for the development of scientific and technological talent, providing special funding support for on-the-job further study and academic exchange, and opening up channels for talent advancement.
Strongly managing talent, using incentive mechanisms to stimulate innovation vitality. It builds a tiered innovation incentive system, establishes the Wang Chengshu Science and Technology Award and the Major Scientific and Technological Achievement Award, with total rewards exceeding 5 million yuan; it also sets up a special talent development fund, provides targeted subsidies to outstanding tackling teams, and the incentive amount for achievement transformation approaches 10 million yuan. It fully implements the "open competition for the best candidates" mechanism, with Party members taking the lead in claiming technical difficulties, forming a strong atmosphere of vying to tackle key problems.
Efficiently utilizing talent, using major projects to temper skills through real combat. The Party Committee of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering treats national-level scientific research tasks and industrialization projects as "training grounds," and jointly organizes collaborative innovation consortia with universities and industry chain enterprises. Focusing on isotope research and development and key project tackling, it organizes tackling groups, and a large number of post-90s backbone personnel have grown into project leaders. In the past three years, one person has won the China Youth May Fourth Medal, and 14 people have been included in the CNNC Youth Elite sequence, achieving the simultaneous resonance of technological breakthroughs and talent growth.
Continuing the Lineage of Serving the Country Through Scientific Research
Great undertakings nurture great spirit, and great spirit leads great undertakings. The Party Committee of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering deeply excavates the red resources of more than 60 years of institute history, establishes the spiritual coordinates of the "Chengshu Model" and the "Niannian Model," promotes the deep integration of the spirit of scientists and the culture of practical tackling into the entire process of scientific research and production, and empowers hard scientific and technological strength with cultural soft power.
Enriching red carriers, making the spirit of serving the country perceptible and tangible. It has built the Wang Chengshu Memorial Hall, and self-written and self-performed themed dramas "Wang Chengshu" and "I Am Willing," with a cumulative total of more than 40 touring performances. Among them, "I Am Willing" was selected as an outstanding production of "The Backbone of the Republic." It has organized science popularization lecturer groups and youth volunteer service teams, carrying out more than 200 science popularization activities on campus and in communities cumulatively, and the science popularization project won the bronze award in the China Youth Volunteer Service Project Competition. Through sustained efforts, the unit has been awarded the title of "National Civilized Unit," and the institute's Youth League Committee has been rated as the "Tianjin May Fourth Red Flag Youth League Committee," creating a strong atmosphere of advocating innovation and patriotic dedication.
Improving the mechanism for selecting and publicizing role models, establishing models that can be learned from around us. It builds a four-step linked model cultivation system of "deep excavation, strict selection, broad publicity, and strong integration," regularly evaluates model workers, top ten outstanding youth, and most beautiful scientific and technological workers, intensively publicizes advanced figures such as master craftsmen and youth pioneers, and compiles story collections such as "Success Depends on Me" and "Inheritance." It sets up Party member pioneer posts in laboratories and production workshops, carries out practical activities of "revealing identity, revealing responsibilities, revealing commitments, and comparing ability, comparing work style, comparing contributions," forming a good demonstration effect of "naming one post, raising one flag; commending one post, driving a large area."
Building an all-domain Party building brand matrix, achieving deep integration of Party building and business. It builds a "1+N" one-primary-multiple brand system: the "Red Integration and Innovation" brand relies on skill competitions to cultivate high-skilled talent teams; the Stable Isotope Technology Research and Development Center coordinates scientific research, market, and talent construction, creating the "Five Modernizations and Three Integrations" brand, with multiple achievements winning awards at the provincial and ministerial level and above, forming an integration pattern of breakthroughs at single points and joint progress across the entire domain.
Nurturing the Style of Integrity and Practical Work
A sound political ecology is an important guarantee for scientific and technological innovation. The Party Committee of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering builds an all-domain, fully connected "grand supervision" system, closely guarding the bottom lines of quality, safety, confidentiality, and integrity, and implements "one matter, full chain" penetrating supervision. It connects special supervision with daily supervision, deeply carries out special rectification in areas such as procurement, disposal of waste materials, and intellectual property, and promotes the improvement of the internal control management system. At the same time, it continuously deepens work style construction, carrying out the special action of cadre work style rectification and training of "deep learning for innovation, daring to act for excellence, and practical work for results" and the special action of "responsible, reliable, sunny new Physical and Chemical Institute people," ensuring that researchers can concentrate wholeheartedly on tackling key problems in a clean and upright environment.
The journey is long, and only through struggle can we advance. Since the new era, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering has cumulatively achieved more than 600 scientific research achievements at the provincial and ministerial level and above, with more than 1,200 valid patents, comprehensively improving the advanced nature and economic efficiency of specialized equipment, successfully developing more than 20 stable isotope products, and a series of innovative achievements have been successfully applied to national key projects. One person has been elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, one person has won the China Skills Award, one person has won the National May Day Labor Medal, and one person has been rated as a "National Technical Expert."
Key core technologies cannot be obtained by asking, buying, or begging for them. Standing at a new historical starting point, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering will anchor on the strategic goal of building itself into a "world-class leader in isotope technology and equipment research and development innovation and a supporter of high-value technology and industry integrated development," and on the journey of building a strong country in science and technology, it will bear the weight of responsibility, unite and forge ahead, and make new and greater contributions to the great cause of building a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
(Party Committee of the Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering of Nuclear Industry)
Return to TopBy: 张骥
Scene from the safety management capability improvement competition for work teams of the Bengbu Municipal Bureau (Company)
Adhering to the integrated planning of development and security is a principle that must be followed in economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. The Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (Company) of Bengbu City, Anhui Province (hereinafter referred to as the Bengbu Municipal Bureau (Company)) has firmly established the concept that "development is the absolute principle, and security is also the absolute principle," handling on one hand high-quality development to improve quality and efficiency, and on the other hand high-level security to consolidate the bottom line, promoting a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security.
Adhering to theoretical guidance, firmly establishing the "grand security" concept through deep study and careful understanding
Thought is the precursor of action, and theory is the guide for practice. Only by strengthening the foundation and revitalizing the essence in thought and maintaining absolute clarity in theory can one be unwavering in politics and swift and forceful in action.
Scientific theory provides direction and guidance, calibrating the political coordinates of security. Adhering to the use of the Party's innovative theories to unify people's hearts and strengthen their spirit, strictly implementing the "first agenda item" system, making good use of carriers such as the "three meetings and one lesson" and themed Party Day activities of Party branches, guiding Party members and cadres to deeply grasp the dialectical relationship between development and security, firmly establishing the "grand security" concept, and continuously improving political judgment, political understanding, and political execution.
Learning and education permeate thought, and the security concept enters the mind and heart. Continuing to carry out publicity and education activities on the holistic approach to national security, relying on Party building positions, promoting the deep integration of Party spirit education and security education, and cultivating all-domain, all-time, all-staff, and full-chain security thinking. Selecting cases of safety accidents, law enforcement disputes, and public opinion incidents inside and outside the industry, using past cases as a warning or lesson and promoting reform through cases, continuously strengthening the bottom-line thinking and risk awareness of all Party members and cadres.
Adhering to practical work and tackling difficulties, weaving a tight "grand security" defense line through targeted measures
Vigorously grasping safety management and firmly compacting responsibility for safety production. Anchoring on the goal of "all-staff co-governance, all-domain safety," innovatively building the "Zhong'an 365" resilient safety management system, and deeply advancing the three-year action to address root causes and tackle key difficulties in safety production. Strictly implementing the quarterly safety committee meeting deliberation mechanism and the full-cycle recording mechanism for leadership safety performance, deepening the "3115" all-staff safety production grid management. Polishing the cultural brand, making good use of carriers such as the safety experience hall and the "three-minute safety forum," and enriching the forms of publicity and education. Deepening data security governance and thoroughly implementing the classified protection system for cybersecurity.
Deepening the construction of the rule of law and holding the bottom line of laws and regulations. Strengthening legal education for leading cadres, adhering to all-staff law study, and fully and strictly implementing the systems of administrative law enforcement publicity, full-process recording of law enforcement, and legal review of major law enforcement decisions. Regularly carrying out case file review and cross-regional cross-review, doing solid work in pre-review of major decisions, economic contracts, procurement documents, and major law enforcement decisions, and regulating the discretionary power in administrative penalties. Creating the "Xiao Wang Talks About Law" legal publicity brand, with achievements selected into the judicial administration (legal services) case database. Monopoly law enforcement personnel regularly study and apply the law, running legal thinking through all processes and links of market inspection and case handling, and comprehensively promoting strict, standardized, fair, and civilized law enforcement.
Creating a good ecology and cultivating a thick soil for clean and honest culture. Adhering to grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, and connecting the rectification of conduct and the punishment of corruption. Establishing and improving the "six categories, three levels" risk prevention and control list, focusing on power areas such as material procurement, investment management, fund management, and personnel selection and appointment, as well as grassroots "small and micro power" areas such as supply allocation, monopoly law enforcement, and retail licensing, systematically investigating, analyzing, and judging risks, and deeply advancing penetrating supervision and "one quarter, one field, one special project" re-supervision. Strengthening the construction of clean culture in the new era, carrying out series of themed activities such as "speaking of integrity in the four seasons" and "clean culture going to the grassroots," and educating and guiding all staff to enhance their consciousness of not wanting to commit corruption.
Consolidating the propaganda position and enhancing the ability to guide public opinion. Objectively publicizing the industry's achievements in promoting economic development, ensuring fiscal and tax revenue growth, stabilizing social employment, and assisting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. At the same time, scientifically grasping the laws of public opinion dissemination and proficiently mastering public opinion handling methods. Abiding by the working approach of "source prevention and control, graded management, active response, scientific handling, and coordinated linkage," building an all-weather, all-coverage public opinion monitoring system, implementing the full-process working mechanism of "research, judgment, and early warning; real-time monitoring; graded response; classified handling; and dynamic tracking," and effectively preventing and resolving public opinion risks.
Strengthening the foundation of people's livelihood and firmly shouldering the responsibility for petition stability. Always adhering to the people-centered development philosophy, deeply practicing the Fengqiao model in the new era, and carrying forward the fine tradition of "going down to the grassroots at four levels." Further standardizing the handling procedures for petition matters, setting up director (manager) reception days, establishing a normalized working mechanism for doing practical things for the people and solving difficult problems, smoothing the channels for feedback from retail households, employees, and the masses, promptly responding to reasonable demands, patiently answering questions and dispelling doubts, and achieving digital and intelligent source prevention, localized responsibility implementation, diversified conflict resolution, and standardized petition business.
Adhering to establishing long-term and regular mechanisms, building a "grand security" pattern with caution from beginning to end
Safety management is a long-term and foundational project that must be persistently pursued with sustained, long-term effort, and must maintain strategic resolve as solid as a rock and perseverance that can overcome any difficulty, building a solid security barrier and constructing a "grand security" pattern.
Grasping the "ox nose" of responsibility. Always treating the compaction of responsibility as a key measure for safe development, compiling responsibility lists for leading cadres and post safety responsibility lists, signing safety production responsibility agreements level by level, and improving a responsibility system that is horizontal to the edge, vertical to the bottom, and covers all staff. Connecting the full-process closed-loop management of "knowing responsibility, clarifying responsibility—fulfilling responsibility, performing responsibility—supervising responsibility, holding accountable," and consolidating the good situation of "everyone has responsibility, every level grasps safety, and everything holds the bottom line."
Consolidating the "ballast stone" of institutions. Focusing on key areas of safety and key links of risk, iteratively improving management systems, risk lists, emergency plans, and so on. Deeply carrying out the "institutional construction improvement year" activity and dynamically updating the positive list of currently effective systems. Relying on the "lecture, study, assessment, and evaluation" normalized mechanism for publicizing and interpreting systems, regularly carrying out special diagnosis of the institutional system, and promoting safety management that has established rules or patterns to follow and is standardized and orderly.
Forging the "main force" of safety. Continuously strengthening ideological tempering, political training, practical exercise, and professional training, carrying out special training on safety management, laws and regulations, integrity and self-discipline, public opinion response, and petition stability by level and category, and guiding Party members and cadres to continuously strengthen risk awareness, make up for capability shortcomings, and refine professional skills. Actively carrying out various labor competitions, skill contests, and on-the-job training, striving to build a professional team that is politically reliable, professionally excellent, with good conduct and integrity, and providing strong talent support for better coordinating development and security.
The wise prevent trouble before it arises, and the intelligent plan for future dangers. The Bengbu Municipal Bureau (Company) will thoroughly implement the holistic approach to national security, firmly shoulder political responsibility, adhere to bottom-line thinking and extreme thinking, grasp risk investigation with a sense of responsibility of "always being concerned," consolidate the prevention and control system, compact post responsibility with the execution of "everything implemented in place," hold the safety bottom line, and strive to safeguard the new development pattern with a new security pattern and escort high-quality development with high-level security.
[The author is the Secretary of the Party Leadership Group, Director, and Manager of the Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (Company) of Bengbu City, Anhui Province]
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