Summary: The article argues that governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules is the long-term and fundamental strategy for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, following the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee. It outlines a trinity framework of "establishing institutions," "enforcing rules," and "breaking malpractices," emphasizing the need to improve the system of Party internal rules and regulations, enhance institutional execution, and eliminate hidden rules. The piece stresses that full and rigorous self-governance focuses on governing power, adhering to the organic unity of law-based governance and governing the Party in accordance with rules, with the Party operating within the scope of the Constitution and laws. It identifies the Party Constitution and the Constitution as fundamental guidelines and "top leaders" as the top priority for institutional governance, constructing a closed-loop institutional chain to constrain their power. The author is a member of the Academic Division of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Vice President of the China Law Society.
Summary: The article argues that strict discipline is fundamental to full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, following the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee's emphasis on governing and managing the Party with strict discipline. It stresses strengthening political leadership to enhance the political nature of discipline building, with the Two Upholds as the Party's fundamental political discipline and political rules. The piece also highlights mission guidance to enhance contemporaneity, noting that discipline building must keep pace with the times and central tasks, as seen in revisions to the Regulations on Disciplinary Action. Problem orientation is emphasized to improve targeting, addressing issues like formalism, bureaucratism, and corruption intertwined with malfeasance. The author is identified as Executive Vice President of the Party School of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee.
Summary: The article emphasizes that the Party must rely on the strength of the masses to rectify work styles, enforce discipline, and resolve contradictions, as rooted in the Party's mass line. It stresses asking the people about their needs, advice, and results, and using their support and satisfaction as the fundamental standard for all work. The piece calls for upholding the Fengqiao model in the new era, transforming the masses from bystanders into participants, builders, and evaluators, while preventing commandism and "tailism." It outlines institutional safeguards, including soliciting public opinion, solving difficulties on the front line, following the online mass line, and letting the masses evaluate outcomes. Ultimately, it argues that carrying the supremacy of the people through the entire process ensures the Party's governance foundation remains firm.
Summary: The article emphasizes that electing deputies to people's congresses is foundational to upholding and improving the system of people's congresses and a major event in state political life. It calls for practicing whole-process people's democracy, upholding the Party's leadership, fully promoting democracy, and strictly acting in accordance with the law. It stresses strengthening supervision over the entire electoral process to ensure the work maintains the correct direction and a clean and honest political atmosphere, thereby electing deputies who satisfy the people.
Summary: The State Council has made systematic arrangements to expand new employment space in emerging AI fields, using business format cultivation, regional coordination, and enterprise vitality as key levers. New AI business formats are divided into native, derivative, and integrated types, with native formats creating new occupations like model developers and prompt engineers, derivative formats serving as an "employment reservoir," and integrated formats spreading technological dividends across all walks of life. The article calls for optimizing layout based on regional endowments, with the eastern region focusing on native and high-end formats while the central and western regions undertake derivative and labor-intensive integrated industries. It emphasizes tiered cultivation of AI-native enterprises and specialized and innovative "little giant" enterprises to activate employment absorption at different levels. Systematic advancement requires implementing the "AI+" initiative, strengthening organizational coordination under "coordinated nationwide efforts," increasing policy support, and improving the employment safeguard system.
Summary: The article analyzes positive changes in China's real estate market through three perspectives: supply-side inventory reduction, growth in second-hand housing transactions, and improved housing product quality. It notes that the decline in newly started residential housing area has exceeded the decline in sales area, indicating active inventory reduction, with unsold commercial housing declining for seven consecutive months. Second-hand housing transactions maintained double-digit growth, with their proportion reaching 52% in the first eight months of 2026, reflecting the market's entry into the era of existing stock. The implementation of the "Residential Project Code" and "good house" construction policies has driven improvements in housing quality and supply structure. The author, identified as the director of the Real Estate Department of the Investment Research Institute of the China Academy of Macroeconomic Research, concludes that these trends will promote supply-demand rebalancing and high-quality development in the real estate market.
Summary: The article explains the concept of the "port economy," which uses open ports as core carriers to drive coordinated development of related industries through cross-border flows of goods, capital, and information. It highlights the inauguration of the China-Shanghai Cooperation Organization Port Economy Cooperation Center in Tianjin on September 3, which will promote sharing of port resources among SCO countries and support the Belt and Road Initiative. The piece details multiple roles of the port economy, including accelerating the new development pattern, cultivating new quality productive forces, promoting coordinated regional development, and opening up mutually beneficial international cooperation. It cites examples such as the Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone and the Khorgos Port in Xinjiang to illustrate these functions. The author, the Director of the Institute of Trade Development of the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce, concludes by proposing five measures: transformation and upgrading, institutional innovation, industrial innovation, coordinated linkage, and optimized supervision to ensure safety.
Summary: The article argues that united front work must extend into cyberspace to unite and guide online figures, citing General Secretary Xi Jinping's directives on following the mass line online and occupying the internet as the main battlefield of ideological work. It emphasizes that online figures—including new media practitioners, internet "big Vs," streamers, and esports players—are a growing, influential force that requires political guidance, team building, and improved organizational mechanisms. The piece outlines three priorities: strengthening political guidance through contact and service, cultivating representative figures, and improving institutional carriers and joint conference systems. It notes that the United Front Work Department and the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission held a 2019 conference to clarify the scope and arrangements for this work. The author is identified as a former Vice President of the Central Institute of Socialism.
Summary: The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the *Measures for the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Workers in New Forms of Employment (Draft for Comments)*, building on prior guidelines to consolidate the institutional foundation for protecting such workers. The draft continues China's shift from a "binary" to a "ternary" classification of workers' legal status, requiring platform enterprises to conclude written employment agreements with workers who do not fully meet labor relationship criteria. It balances algorithmic regulation by respecting platform autonomy while safeguarding workers' right to know and participate, and it addresses labor intensity by focusing on order-taking phases and mandating rest periods after continuous online work. The draft also incorporates a new occupational injury protection system that covers workers without labor relationships, with per-order contributions and commercial insurance support. For dispute resolution, it clarifies platform and partner responsibilities, requiring manual replies to worker objections within 48 hours.
Summary: The article analyzes "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud, characterized by organized, process-driven criminal gangs using fixed script templates to target students, investors, and professionals through a closed-loop fraud process. It proposes precise identification through three dimensions—technology, behavioral patterns, and fund chains—noting shifts to traffic-dense scenarios like short-video platforms and use of virtual currencies to sever tracing. Governance is recommended across four dimensions: standardized identification systems, tiered punishment under the criminal policy of applying both leniency and severity, refined compensation mechanisms, and targeted legal education with source supervision. The piece emphasizes judicial coordination with financial and telecommunications departments, full application of the leniency system for admitting guilt, and consolidating payment platforms' primary responsibility to compress fraud's breeding space.
Summary: The article discusses how State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company has built a "Four Types, Four Transformations" Party building work system to embed Party leadership into corporate governance and drive high-quality development. It details efforts to integrate theoretical study into daily operations, serve national strategies like the "dual carbon" goals, and respond to emergencies such as the Jishishan earthquake. The company has improved power supply services, reduced residential application time by 80%, and was awarded a national advanced collective in poverty alleviation. The piece emphasizes systematic construction, integrated creation, and characteristic branding as key lessons for state-owned enterprises. It concludes that deep integration of Party building with production and operation is essential to solving the "two separate skins" problem.
Summary: The article describes how Huadian Coal Industry Group integrates Party leadership into corporate governance, energy supply, innovation, and reform, guided by Xi Jinping's thought on Party building. The Party committee prioritizes political construction, implements the "first agenda item" system, and aligns enterprise decisions with Party Central Committee directives on energy security and green transformation. Grassroots Party organizations lead supply guarantee tasks, support coal demand for power and heating, and earn recognition as a top coal supply contributor. The company builds cadre and talent teams, advances technological projects like mine robots and monitoring systems, and strengthens Party discipline through institutional reforms and risk controls. It also fulfills social responsibilities by supporting local development, employment, and ecological protection as a central energy enterprise.
Summary: Fengxian District of Shanghai is building a whole-chain talent work system to accelerate the creation of a South Shanghai talent highland, seizing the opening of the 15th Five-Year Plan. The district has formulated the "Xiancai 520" plan, launched 45 supporting measures across "five facilitation" areas, and deepened management of the "five lists" to clarify responsibilities and match talent with enterprise demands. It is promoting the "South Shanghai Science and Innovation Center," the returnee town, and the "Hai Ju Ying Cai" competition, while linking with the "South Shanghai University Innovation Community" to introduce 7,596 new talents. The district is also enhancing its "Xiancai" brand through activities like "5·20 Xiancai Day," optimizing services via "AI Xiaoxian" and Xiancai stations, and implementing a tiered housing guarantee system. The report was issued by the Fengxian District Talent Work Bureau, Shanghai.
Summary: The article highlights Tiandong County's use of Guangdong-Guangxi collaboration, particularly paired assistance from Shenzhen's Pingshan District, to drive county-level industrial development. It emphasizes market-standard guidance, such as Shenzhen's "Zhenpin" certification, to transform production and expand sales of agricultural products like mangoes into the Greater Bay Area. The piece details benefit-sharing mechanisms linking farmers to value-added gains, and collaborative innovation fostering two-way engagement between eastern enterprises and western resources. It reports on outcomes including a 310 million yuan contract signing at the 2025 Baise Mango Production and Marketing Matchmaking Conference and exports exceeding 50 million yuan. The author, affiliated with the Party School of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Party Committee, concludes that East-West collaboration succeeds through "empowerment" and "blood-making" rather than substitution or transfusion.
Summary: The article discusses why the revolutionary historical drama *The Great Long March*, aired on the 90th anniversary of the Red Army's Long March victory, resonates with young viewers by answering their questions about the march's origins, persistence, and direction. It explains that the Red Army's departure was an inevitability under historical conditions, including the failure of the Fujian Incident and errors in military command, and that climbing snow-capped mountains and crossing grasslands was a difficult choice to escape a stronger enemy. The drama portrays faith as a choice made despite known costs, exemplified by figures like Chen Shuxiang and young soldiers, and highlights how the Zunyi Conference corrected erroneous military lines through debate and factual analysis. The article emphasizes that the creation itself followed the "spirit of the Long March," with rigorous historical verification, enabling young people to turn viewing into active historical study. It concludes that the Long March's lessons provide young people with historical judgment and spiritual confidence for their own new Long March.
Summary: The article argues that leading cadres should regularly read newspaper literary supplements, which are not optional ornaments but a means to see the times, the masses, and grassroots governance. It contends that in today's changed social and communication environment, literary supplements help cadres understand the real effects of policies, grasp the true thoughts of ordinary people, and improve their expression to communicate with warmth and empathy. The piece cites examples from *People's Daily*, *Guangming Daily*, and *Liberation Daily* to show how supplements capture grassroots life and social change. It concludes that reading them is a capacity enhancement, not pastime, helping cadres maintain clarity, cultivate character, and draw closer to the masses. The author is Vice President of the China Newspaper Literary Supplement Research Association and Editor-in-Chief of *China Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Journal*.
Summary: The article argues that strict discipline is fundamental to full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, following the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee's emphasis on governing and managing the Party with strict discipline. It stresses strengthening political leadership to enhance the political nature of discipline building, with the Two Upholds as the Party's fundamental political discipline and political rules. The piece also highlights mission guidance to enhance contemporaneity, noting that discipline building must keep pace with the times and central tasks, as seen in revisions to the Regulations on Disciplinary Action. Problem orientation is emphasized to improve targeting, addressing issues like formalism, bureaucratism, and corruption intertwined with malfeasance. The author is identified as Executive Vice President of the Party School of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee.
Summary: The article discusses the need to strengthen China's technology manager workforce to promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation, as emphasized by General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. It defines technology managers as cross-disciplinary professionals who provide full-process services for transforming scientific and technological achievements, but notes the workforce remains non-standardized with insufficient numbers, capabilities, and trust. The piece highlights progress in policy, standards, and workforce development, while identifying persistent shortcomings in full-time specialization, composite talent supply, and industry credibility. It proposes accelerating workforce building through capacity expansion and quality improvement, including broadening training sources, opening up practicing positions, and establishing standards and credit systems. The author is the Director of the National Technology Transfer Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University.
Summary: The article argues that governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules is the long-term and fundamental strategy for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, following the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee. It outlines a trinity framework of "establishing institutions," "enforcing rules," and "breaking malpractices," emphasizing the need to improve the system of Party internal rules and regulations, enhance institutional execution, and eliminate hidden rules. The piece stresses that full and rigorous self-governance focuses on governing power, adhering to the organic unity of law-based governance and governing the Party in accordance with rules, with the Party operating within the scope of the Constitution and laws. It identifies the Party Constitution and the Constitution as fundamental guidelines and "top leaders" as the top priority for institutional governance, constructing a closed-loop institutional chain to constrain their power. The author is a member of the Academic Division of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Vice President of the China Law Society.
Summary: The article argues that China's forestry carbon sink development must adopt a holistic perspective, moving beyond single-item sink enhancement to synergistic efficiency gains across the carbon "sink–storage–substitution" chain. It emphasizes that while increasing and stabilizing forestry carbon sinks is foundational, carbon can also be transferred to wood and bamboo products for continued storage, and bio-based materials can substitute for fossil-based and high-carbon materials to generate emission reduction benefits. The authors stress the need to coordinate forest protection and sustainable utilization, seeking systematic comprehensive optimization among carbon sinks, biodiversity, resource supply, and economic and social benefits. They call for expanding climate governance from departmentalized, single-link approaches toward coordinated governance across the full value chain, across sectors, and across multiple objectives. The piece concludes that future forestry carbon sink development should focus on optimizing comprehensive climate benefits across the entire value chain rather than maximizing any single carbon indicator.
Summary: The article argues that deepening the international dissemination of ecological civilization is vital for promoting a community with a shared future for mankind, citing China's leadership in global environmental governance since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. It contrasts this with a few countries, including individual nations playing the "environmental card" against China, which politicize ecological issues and pressure Beijing. The piece highlights President Xi Jinping's role in advancing these concepts internationally, including his 2013 speech at Nazarbayev University introducing "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets," and his statements at venues like the UN General Assembly and COP15. It also credits platforms such as international environmental conferences, World Environment Day events, and news media—citing the story of American friend Saikesu and Chinese sand-control model worker Yin Yuzhen—for showcasing China's ecological achievements. Finally, it recommends using National Ecological Day, strengthening foreign exchanges on ecological culture, and deepening environmental think tank cooperation to better reach the world.
Summary: The article discusses expanding the river basin economic model in water-scarce regions, emphasizing the need to balance water resource sustainability with economic development. It highlights challenges such as water scarcity, ecological degradation, and administrative fragmentation, and proposes paths including unified planning, ecological protection, and infrastructure development. Key strategies include prioritizing ecology, advancing "six networks" infrastructure, coordinating industrial development across the basin, and innovating market mechanisms like water rights trading and benefit compensation. The piece references the 15th Five-Year Plan's support for river basin economy models and benefit compensation between upstream and downstream areas.
Summary: The Longhua District Tobacco Monopoly Administration (Company) in Shenzhen has launched an "Institutional Platform" activity to strengthen institutional learning and publicity, guided by high-quality Party building, to advance rule-of-law-based and standardized development. The Party Leadership Group integrated the activity into annual Party building tasks, established a leading group, and compiled a "List of Institutions That Should Be Known and Applied for Each Post" with dynamic management. The company regularly carries out three-level platform activities—"micro-platform," "small platform," and "large platform"—where all staff take turns explaining institutions, supplemented by scenario simulations and a four-dimensional evaluation system. Learning outcomes are integrated into primary responsibilities and core business, such as monopoly law enforcement and marketing services, and transformed into management effectiveness through an "institutional list database." The company aims to normalize and sustain institutional learning by linking results to assessments and extending outreach to retail customers.
By: 莫纪宏
To govern the country, one must first govern the Party; to govern the Party, one must be strict; and to be strict, one must follow rules and laws. Institutions are fundamental, holistic, stable, and long-term in nature. Governing the Party through institutions and governing the Party in accordance with rules are the basic methods of the Party's self-revolution in the new era, and are the long-term and fundamental strategies for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during the 15th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee: "We must deepen reform of the Party's internal rules and regulations system, and do well in the work of top-level design, identifying and filling gaps, and improving quality and efficiency. We must orient ourselves toward practical needs, respect the pioneering spirit of the grassroots, and promptly elevate good experiences and good practices into institutions, making institutions more suited to reality. We must strengthen the high degree of consciousness in governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules, focus on improving institutional execution, and promote the in-depth development of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party along the track of rules and regulations." The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Persisting in Promoting Full and Rigorous Self-Governance of the Party" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision"), reviewed and adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party, makes systematic and complete arrangements in Part Eight for adhering to governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules. Centering on improving the system of Party internal rules and regulations, enhancing institutional execution, and vigorously eliminating hidden rules, it draws a blueprint for institutional development, providing fundamental policy basis for continuously advancing governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules on the new journey. To deeply grasp this major deployment, the focus is on clarifying the boundary of the "institution" category, grasping the organic unity between Party rules and national laws, focusing on the Party Constitution and the Constitution as the fundamental guidelines, keeping a close eye on "top leaders" as the top priority, continuously transforming institutional advantages into strong governance effectiveness in managing and governing the Party and the country, ensuring the normalization and long-term effectiveness of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party with a sound institutional and regulatory system, and building a solid political guarantee for Chinese modernization.
Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party requires both ideological efforts to unify people's hearts and souls (凝心铸魂, ning xin zhu hun - "conge, cast, soul") and institutional efforts to strengthen the foundation and revitalize the essence (固本培元, gu ben pei yuan - "solidify, base, cultivate, origin")
In December 2016, General Secretary Xi Jinping made an important instruction on strengthening the construction of the Party's internal rules and regulations system, profoundly pointing out that "strengthening the construction of the Party's internal rules and regulations system is the long-term and fundamental strategy for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party." Based on the strategic overall situation of persisting in promoting full and rigorous self-governance of the Party and improving the system for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, the Plenary Session specifically set up a section to centrally elaborate on adhering to governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules, marking that our Party's understanding of the laws of managing and governing the Party and the laws of self-revolution has been elevated to a new height. The "Decision" constructs a trinity work framework of "establishing institutions," "enforcing rules," and "breaking malpractices," forming a closed-loop institutional arrangement from the three levels of improving the system of Party internal rules and regulations, enhancing institutional execution, and vigorously eliminating hidden rules, constituting the programmatic guideline for advancing governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules in the current and future period.
Improving the system of Party internal rules and regulations is the prerequisite and foundation for governing the Party through institutions. Governing the Party through institutions first requires good rules and sound institutions, achieving systematic completeness, scientific standardization, and effective operation. The "Decision" adheres to the unity of goal orientation, problem orientation, and practice orientation, adheres to advancing the establishment, revision, abolition, and interpretation of Party internal rules and regulations with the times, fills the institutional shortcomings in the fields of the Party's political construction, organizational construction, work style construction, discipline construction, and the fight against corruption, unblocks the connection bottlenecks between Party internal rules and regulations at different levels and in different fields, and promotes the formation of a system of Party internal rules and regulations with the Party Constitution as the foundation, supported by supporting regulations, covering all aspects and the entire process of Party construction. The construction of the Party internal rules and regulations system adheres to a systematic concept, coordinates substantive norms, procedural norms, and safeguard norms, transforms democratic centralism, the Party's fundamental organizational principle and leadership system, into operable and verifiable institutional arrangements, solidifies mature experiences and practices in the practice of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party into rigid institutional rules, and realizes that managing and governing the Party has rules to follow and regulations to rely on.
Enhancing institutional execution is the lifeline of governing the Party through institutions. The vitality of institutions lies in execution. If institutions idle and regulations are suspended, no matter how good the institutional design, it is just a scrap of paper. For a period of time, a small number of localities and units have had the phenomenon of emphasizing the promulgation of institutions while neglecting implementation and execution, emphasizing posting on walls and public announcements while neglecting supervision and accountability. The "scarecrow" problem of institutions has undermined the effectiveness of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. The "Decision" highlights the strengthening of institutional rigidity and binding force, clearly requires compacting the primary responsibility of Party organizations at all levels for enforcing rules, improving the chain of responsibility lists for rule enforcement, supervision and inspection, assessment and evaluation, and accountability and disciplinary action, promoting Party organizations at all levels and Party members and cadres to consciously respect institutions, strictly implement institutions, and resolutely uphold institutions, achieving equality of everyone before institutions and no exceptions in implementing institutions. It urges Party members and cadres to develop the habit of exercising power and handling affairs within the institutional track, eliminating selective implementation, flexible implementation, and discounted implementation, so that iron rules take effect and prohibitions carry authority.
Vigorously eliminating hidden rules is a deep-seated problem that must be overcome in governing the Party through institutions. Hidden rules are the antithesis of explicit rules, are invisible lesions polluting the Party's internal political ecology, often hiding in links such as deliberation and decision-making, selection and appointment of personnel, political-business interactions, and supervision and management, eroding the authority of formal institutions, distorting normal intra-Party relations, and undermining the effectiveness of democratic centralism. The "Decision" incorporates the elimination of hidden rules into the overall arrangement for governing the Party through institutions, adheres to eliminating all evil and returning to the original good (正本清源, zheng ben qing yuan - "correct, root, clear, source"), and promoting the clear and eliminating the turbid. On the one hand, it continuously improves formal institutions to compress the space for hidden rules to breed and spread; on the other hand, it strengthens supervision and investigation, seriously rectifying and correcting behaviors such as believing in hidden rules, engaging in circle culture, wharf culture, and placing personal relationships above institutions, promoting explicit rules to truly dominate intra-Party political life, and creating clean and upright comradely relations and well-regulated superior-subordinate relations.
These three aspects support each other and are advanced as an integrated whole. Improving the system solves the problem of "having rules to rely on," strengthening execution solves the problem of "having rules that must be followed," and eliminating hidden rules solves the problem of "removing malpractices and restoring the foundation." Together they constitute the complete logical framework of the Plenary Session's deployment for governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules, and are the concrete and institutionalized expression of the core essence of adhering to governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules in Xi Jinping's thought on Party building.
Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party focuses on governing power, adhering to governing power through institutions and in accordance with rules
Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party focuses on governing power, which is an important component of the connotation and essence of the Fourteen Commitments in Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, connecting the historical logic of the Party's great self-revolution with the practical logic of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party in the new era. Power has a natural tendency to expand, and unchecked power will inevitably breed corruption. This is a major risk that a Marxist governing party must always be vigilant against. Our Party, as a long-term governing Marxist party, holds various powers of governing the country and the state. The fundamental goal of advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is to control power, regulate the exercise of power, and ensure that public power is always used to seek happiness for the people.
From a theoretical logic perspective, one of the core propositions of Marxist party-building theory is to explore the path of checks and supervision on power under governing conditions. The century-long governance practice of the Communist Party of China is also a process of continuously exploring reliance on institutions to regulate power and prevent the alienation of power. During the revolutionary era, it relied on institutions to regulate the exercise of intra-Party power and prevent arbitrary and dictatorial behavior; after the founding of New China, it continuously explored power supervision mechanisms under governing conditions; entering the new era, the Party Central Committee has promoted institutional development with unprecedented intensity, forming a complete set of power checks and supervision systems. Governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules is the institutionalized expression of putting power in the cage of institutions. All Party internal rules and regulations and all Party institutions ultimately point to defining power boundaries, regulating power processes, supervising power exercise, and punishing power abuse. Whether it is the deliberation and decision-making system, the cadre selection and appointment system, the request-for-instructions and report system, or the supervision, discipline enforcement, and accountability system, the ultimate focus is on governing power.
From a practical logic perspective, in the various cases of discipline and law violations investigated and dealt with in full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, the root cause is mostly power escaping institutional constraints. Some leading cadres make decisions beyond their authority and approve matters in violation of regulations; some engage in interest transfer using power over resource allocation, project approval, and fund disbursement; some engage in personal arbitrariness and replace collective leadership with personal will. On the surface, these problems are cadre work style and discipline issues, but at a deeper level, they are the failure of institutional constraints on power operation. Advancing governing power through institutions and in accordance with rules means using institutions to delineate power boundaries, clarify what power can do and cannot do, what procedures power operation follows, and what responsibilities power misconduct bears, constructing a closed-loop institutional chain of power allocation, power exercise, power supervision, and power accountability.
Accurately grasping the connotation and extension of "institutions" in governing the Party through institutions is the premise for understanding governing power through institutions. According to the spirit of the Plenary Session, "institutions" in the context of governing the Party through institutions primarily and centrally refer to various institutions in the field of Party construction, with the main body being the system of Party internal rules and regulations, including Party internal rules and regulations at different levels such as the Party Constitution, guidelines, regulations, provisions, measures, rules, and detailed rules, as well as supporting normative institutional documents, specifically regulating intra-Party relations, Party organization operations, and the performance of duties by Party members and leading cadres. From a broad dimension, this institutional system extends outward to connect with the entire system of socialism with Chinese characteristics established by the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Upholding and Improving the System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Advancing the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity" adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party, covering the Party's leadership system, the system of the people being masters of the country, the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, and the Party and state supervision system. Intra-Party institutions and state institutions are organically connected and interact in both directions. Intra-Party institutions focus on managing the Party and governing power, while state institutions focus on governing the country and governing power. As the governing party, the Party's intra-Party power norms will lead and drive the standardized operation of state public power, and the achievements of intra-Party institutional development will continuously be transformed into the institutional effectiveness of national governance, realizing the coordinated advancement of governing the Party and governing the country.
Adhere to the organic unity of law-based governance and governing the Party in accordance with rules; the Party operates within the scope of the Constitution and laws
Governing the Party in accordance with rules is the basic method of managing and governing the Party, but governing the Party in accordance with rules cannot be isolated from the national legal system. The Second Central Conference on Comprehensive Law-based Governance established and enriched the core essence of Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, listing "adhering to the organic unity of law-based governance and governing the Party in accordance with rules" as the "Twelfth Adherence" item, pointing the direction for coordinating governing the Party in accordance with rules and law-based governance. Combined with the spirit of the Plenary Session, advancing governing the Party in accordance with rules primarily relies on Party internal rules and regulations, while at the same time must firmly anchor the bottom line of the Constitution and laws, coordinate the relationship between discipline and law, Party rules and national laws, and realize that the two complement each other to achieve a better result (二辅相成, er fu xiang cheng - "two, complement, mutually, complete"), promote each other, and guarantee each other.
Governing the Party in accordance with rules first relies on Party internal rules and regulations. The Party is an advanced Marxist party, with standards for Party members stricter than those for ordinary citizens; discipline is stricter than law, and discipline precedes law. Party internal rules and regulations are the institutionalized expression of the Party's unified will, specifically adjusting intra-Party affairs, regulating Party organization activities, Party member obligations, and leading cadre powers, clarifying political discipline, organizational discipline, integrity discipline, mass discipline, work discipline, and life discipline, and imposing higher standards and stricter requirements on Party members and cadres. Many behaviors do not yet constitute violations of law, but have already touched the red line of Party rules, and must be promptly dealt with in accordance with rules, grasping the early and small, nipping problems in the bud (防微杜渐, fang wei du jian - "prevent, tiny, block, gradual"), to prevent small problems from evolving into illegal and criminal acts. This is the unique functional advantage of governing the Party in accordance with rules, and an important support for our Party's self-purification and self-correction.
Governing the Party in accordance with rules cannot depart from the track of the Constitution and laws. The power of the governing party belongs to the category of public power, and the exercise of public power must be subject to the constraints of the Constitution and laws. Our country's Constitution clearly stipulates that all state organs and armed forces, all political parties and social organizations, and all enterprises and public institutions must abide by the Constitution and laws. No organization or individual may enjoy privileges beyond the Constitution and laws. The Communist Party of China is the governing party and must likewise operate within the scope of the Constitution and laws. All Party organizations at all levels, all Party members, and cadres have no special status beyond the Constitution and laws. Intra-Party decisions, deployments, and activities must not conflict with the Constitution and laws. The formulation of Party internal rules and regulations itself must also conform to the spirit of the Constitution and laws, establish a coordination mechanism for the connection between Party rules and national laws, do well in the integration of discipline and law and the connection between law and law, and form a joint mechanism for discipline enforcement and law enforcement.
To clarify the relationship between the two, two misunderstandings must be prevented. One misunderstanding is equating governing the Party in accordance with rules with law-based governance, believing that managing and governing the Party can directly apply national laws, weakening the unique functions of Party internal rules and regulations and lowering the discipline standards for Party members and cadres; the other misunderstanding is separating and opposing governing the Party in accordance with rules and law-based governance, believing that Party rules are the Party's "family law" that can operate on its own outside the national Constitution and laws, breeding privileged thinking. The correct direction is to adhere to integrated coordination. Only when governing the Party in accordance with rules penetrates the hearts of Party members can law-based governance penetrate the hearts of the people; use Party internal rules and regulations to manage Party members and cadres, guide Party members to take the lead in respecting, learning, abiding by, and using the law, and taking the lead in performing duties in accordance with the law, use full and rigorous self-governance of the Party to lead and guarantee comprehensive law-based governance, and form a sound pattern in which the Party manages and governs the Party in accordance with Party internal rules and regulations and governs the country in accordance with the Constitution and laws.
Based on the fundamental guidelines of the Party Constitution and the Constitution, keep a close eye on "top leaders" as the top priority
Governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules must avoid generalized advancement and equal effort, and must identify the focal points and grasp the key points. The "Decision" clearly points out two fundamental guidelines and core governance targets: the fundamental basis for governing the Party is rooted in the Party Constitution and the Constitution; the key targets for governing the Party are concentrated on "top leaders" at all levels. "Top leaders" hold the core power of a locality or a unit, with the most concentrated power and large discretionary space, and are most prone to problems of exceeding authority, monopolizing power, and abusing power. They are the weak link in power supervision and the top priority in governing power through institutions. The "Decision" specifically sets up institutional provisions to impose systematic governance constraints on the performance of duties and exercise of power by "top leaders," constructing a complete institutional chain from selection and admission, decision-making and power exercise, hierarchical supervision, peer supervision, to discipline enforcement and accountability. This is a landmark achievement of adhering to governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules with a focus on the "key minority."
The Party Constitution is the general charter for managing and governing the Party, and the Constitution is the general charter for governing the country and ensuring its stability (治国安邦, zhi guo an bang - "govern, country, pacify, nation"). Together they constitute the fundamental guidelines for governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules. The Party Constitution centrally stipulates the Party's nature and purpose, guiding ideology, organizational principles, rights and obligations of Party members, the Party's organizational system, and supervision system. All Party internal rules and regulations and all Party institutions originate from and obey the Party Constitution, and all arrangements for governing the Party through institutions cannot deviate from the requirements of the Party Constitution. Democratic centralism, as the Party's fundamental organizational principle established by the Party Constitution, runs through all provisions for constraining "top leaders." Selecting "top leaders" examines their attainment in democratic centralism, implementing the last-word expression system, prohibiting a situation where one person dominates all decisions (一言堂, yi yan tang - "one, speech, hall") and patriarchal style, and strengthening peer supervision within the leadership team are all ways of implementing the provisions of the Party Constitution into the actual exercise of power. The Constitution delineates the bottom line for the operation of public power, clearly stating that power comes from the people, and leading cadres must accept people's supervision when exercising power. "Top leaders," whether exercising intra-Party authority or administrative authority, must not break through the power boundaries set by the Constitution. The Party Constitution governs intra-Party governance, and the Constitution governs national governance. Governing the Party in accordance with rules takes the Party Constitution as its root and the Constitution as its boundary, with the two tracks running in parallel and working in the same direction.
Focusing on "top leaders" for institutional governance grasps the principal contradiction in governing power through institutions. "Top leaders" occupy a core position in the leadership team, with highly concentrated decision-making dominance, personnel recommendation power, and resource allocation power. Once institutional constraints fail, it is extremely easy to produce chain-type and collapse-type corruption, polluting the political ecology of a region or a department. The institutional design for "top leaders" in the "Decision" is a closed-loop institutional system. At the entry link, the selection and appointment of "top leaders" focuses on examining their attainment and ability in implementing democratic centralism, insisting on selecting and strengthening the team; at the decision-making link, responsibilities and authorities are clarified, the last-word expression system is implemented, and it is strictly prohibited for the secretary's special meeting to replace the Party committee standing committee's decision-making, establishing the rigid prohibition of "five must-nots" to eliminate individuals overriding the organization; at the supervision link, mechanisms for lower-level "top leaders" to report on their work, superior supervision talks, and peer supervision among team members are established, unblocking the two channels of top-down supervision and peer mutual supervision; at the responsibility and punishment link, the supervision and reporting responsibilities of Party committees and discipline inspection commissions are compacted, the high-pressure posture against corruption is maintained, with focus on investigating and dealing with corruption by "top leaders," family-style corruption, and new-type hidden corruption, resolutely breaking privileged illusions.
This set of institutional arrangements fully demonstrates the governance approach of grasping the "key minority" to drive and lead the "vast majority." Controlling "top leaders" means controlling the top of the power chain; if "top leaders" take the lead in abiding by institutions, exercising power in accordance with rules, and promoting democracy, it will form a "leading goose effect," driving the entire leadership team and the entire region and department to respect and implement institutions. Conversely, if "top leaders" are outside the institutions, the authority of institutions will be severely impacted, and the overall effectiveness of governing the Party through institutions will be greatly diminished. To advance governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules, it is necessary to take the provisions for constraining "top leaders" as a hard yardstick, continuously improve the power list, negative list, and supervision list for "top leaders," regularly carry out supervision and inspection of institutional implementation, and seriously pursue accountability for behaviors of "top leaders" that violate democratic centralism, engage in personal arbitrariness, and exercise power in violation of regulations, so that the institutional cage targeting "top leaders" is truly tightened and fastened. At the same time, using the control of "top leaders" as the driving force, extend and improve the power supervision institutions for leadership team members, middle-level cadres, and personnel in key positions, transmit pressure layer by layer, and promote the coverage of governing power through institutions across the entire chain of power operation.
On the new journey, to persist in promoting full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules is the long-term plan and the fundamental strategy. The "Decision's" deployment on governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules, based on improving the system of Party internal rules and regulations, strengthening institutional implementation, and eliminating hidden rules, builds the institutional framework for governing and managing the Party in accordance with rules in the new era. Institutional advantages will not automatically transform into governance effectiveness. Party organizations at all levels must continue to do well in studying and implementing the spirit of the Plenary Session, place institutional development in a prominent position in Party construction, grasp institutional supply on one hand to fill institutional shortcomings, and grasp institutional implementation on the other hand to strengthen rigid constraints, continuously eliminate hidden rules and uphold the authority of explicit rules. Guide the broad masses of Party members and cadres, especially "top leaders" at all levels, to firmly establish institutional awareness, rule awareness, and legal awareness, and consciously become accustomed to exercising power and carrying out work under institutional constraints. Rely on institutionalized, standardized, and normalized self-revolution, continuously purify the Party's internal political ecology, continuously improve the system for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, ensure that the Party forever maintains its advanced nature and purity, always remains the strong leadership core of the cause of Chinese modernization, and provide lasting and stable institutional guarantees for building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
(The author is a member of the Academic Division of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Vice President of the China Law Society)
Return to TopBy: 杨明
Strengthening discipline building is the fundamental strategy for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Strict discipline is a distinctive trait of Marxist political parties, and it is also a glorious tradition and unique advantage of our Party. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party made systematic arrangements for persistently advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, emphasizing the need to govern and manage the Party with strict discipline. In the new era, deepening Party discipline building must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, strengthen political leadership, mission guidance, and problem orientation, and strive to enhance the political nature, contemporaneity, and targeting of discipline building.
Strengthen political leadership and strive to enhance the political nature of discipline building
Party discipline building serves the Party's political goals, and its formulation, implementation, and effects all possess distinct political attributes. To strengthen Party discipline building, we must adhere to political leadership, carry political standards through the entire process and all aspects of discipline building, and use strict discipline to ensure the whole Party acts with unified will, unified action, and acting in perfect unison (步调一致, bu tiao yi zhi - "step, pace, one, together") in advancing forward.
Political nature is the fundamental attribute of discipline building. A political party is by essence a political organization, and political nature is the primary attribute of a political party. From the day Party discipline came into being, it has been the institutionalized expression of the Party's political program, political ideals, and political mission in organizational behavior. Whatever political program exists, corresponding discipline is required as a guarantee; wherever the Party's political mission points, there the focus of discipline building should fall. Mao Zedong put forward the assertion that "strengthening discipline makes the revolution invincible," emphasizing that "discipline is the guarantee for implementing the political line," profoundly revealing the intrinsic connection between discipline and implementing the political line and achieving political goals. Deng Xiaoping pointed out that "for a country as large as ours, how can we be united and organized? First, by ideals; second, by discipline," elucidating the strategic role of discipline in maintaining the Party's political unity and implementing the Party's political propositions. More than one hundred years of Party history have fully proven that our Party's discipline has never been a mere set of regulatory requirements, but rather political norms that carry political propositions, maintain political unity, and guarantee the political line, and are the embodiment of the will of the whole Party. Political nature is the inherent attribute of Party discipline from birth, determining the direction and effectiveness of discipline building.
Political discipline is the most important, most fundamental, and most critical discipline. Political discipline centrally regulates the political stance, political direction, political speech, and political behavior of Party organizations and Party members, delineating the rigid boundaries for implementing the Party's political propositions and safeguarding the Party's unity and solidarity. Within the Party's discipline system, political discipline occupies a leading position, which is fundamentally determined by the nature of our Party. To enforce strict Party discipline, the first step is to enforce strict political discipline. Marxist political parties are political organizations established to achieve the liberation of the proletariat and advance the liberation of humanity, which fundamentally determines the leading position of political discipline within the entire discipline system. Once political discipline is breached, decentralism and departmentalism will emerge, causing ideological division and organizational splits, directly undermining the Party's combat effectiveness. Observing the Party's political discipline is an important foundation for observing all of the Party's discipline, determining the fundamental direction for Party members and cadres to observe discipline and abide by rules. Organizational discipline, integrity discipline, mass discipline, work discipline, and life discipline all embed political logic, carry political functions, and obey and serve the Party's political mission. Whether all types of discipline are implemented in place must ultimately be judged within the overall political situation and tested by political standards. In practice, if political discipline cannot be grasped firmly and the fundamental political direction and political stance have problems, other types of discipline will soon be breached as well. The root cause of some Party members and cadres losing ground on other types of discipline is often the weakening of political awareness and the wavering of political stance. In advancing discipline building, we must adhere to using political discipline to drive strictness in all other types of discipline, and carry political standards and political requirements through the entire process of discipline education, intra-Party supervision, and discipline enforcement.
The Two Upholds (两个维护) are the Party's fundamental political discipline and political rules. Establishing a strong leadership core and upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership are founding principles of Marxist political parties and valuable historical experience formed in our Party's long struggle. With a strong leadership core, the whole Party has an anchor; with the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized, unified leadership, the development of the Party and the state's cause has a backbone, enabling the close unity of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, forming a a united mass of people with one heart (万众一心, wan zhong yi xin - "ten thousand, masses, one, heart") and invincible and irresistible (无坚不摧, wu jian bu cui - "not, solid, not, destroy") mighty force. The period of the 15th Five-Year Plan is a critical period for basically realizing socialist modernization, and on the road forward we will inevitably face major tests of high winds and rough waves, even towering billows. As the fundamental political discipline and political rules, the Two Upholds are the fundamental political guarantee for ensuring the whole Party's unity and solidarity and acting in perfect unison in advancing forward. The Two Upholds are not an abstract slogan but carry specific disciplinary requirements. We must consolidate the ideological foundation, continuously deepen theoretical arming, constantly improve political judgment, political understanding, and political execution, and recognize from the depths of thought the extreme importance of the Two Upholds. We must strictly guard the political red line, place political supervision in a prominent position, closely watch problems such as the "seven types of violations," resolutely rectify behaviors such as the central government having policies and local governments having countermeasures, orders being given but not implemented, and prohibitions being issued but not observed, and maintain the rigidity of political discipline through serious discipline enforcement and accountability. We must adhere to unity of knowledge and action (知行合一, zhi xing he yi - "know, act, combine, one"), embody the Two Upholds in concrete actions to implement the Party Central Committee's major decisions and arrangements, reflect them in the tangible results of performing duties and doing one's own work well, consciously benchmark against the requirements of the Party Central Committee, and ensure that all work always advances in the correct direction.
Strengthen mission guidance and strive to enhance the contemporaneity of discipline building
Discipline building has never been a static, fixed institutional arrangement, but a dynamic practice closely linked to the Party's historical mission and central tasks. As the era's orientation is renewed and mission tasks expand, new issues are inevitably posed for discipline building.
Contemporaneity is the distinctive character of discipline building. Party discipline has never been an abstract provision deduced from principles, but rather arises under specific historical conditions from the actual needs of the Party in carrying out political practice and completing central tasks. When central tasks change, the contradictions, risks, and tests facing the Party change accordingly, and the political relations that discipline safeguards, the organizational order it regulates, and the behavioral boundaries it constrains must inevitably be adjusted. Historical materialism reveals that discipline, as a component of the superstructure, is ultimately determined by the historical orientation and central tasks of the Party and must adapt to the cause led by the Party; discipline divorced from the practice of the times either becomes overly broad and general, with no point of focus, or clings to outdated frameworks, hampering the development of the cause. The contemporaneity of discipline building lies at its core in answering the question of "under what conditions and against what problems is discipline established"; when the conditions of the times change, the specific content and focus of discipline must change. Emphasizing contemporaneity by no means weakens the political premise of discipline; on the contrary, it enables the political function of discipline to be realized more precisely under specific historical conditions, and this is precisely an important reason why Party discipline has always maintained vigorous vitality.
Party discipline building has always kept pace with the times and advanced alongside its mission. The Party's historical orientation determines the focus of discipline building, and the Party's central tasks determine the goal orientation of discipline building. In a certain sense, the history of Party discipline building is a history in which disciplinary requirements have continuously expanded and deepened along with the Party's central tasks. During the period of the new-democratic revolution, the Party's main tasks were to oppose imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, and to strive for national independence and the liberation of the people. Our Party regarded strict discipline as an important magic weapon for rallying revolutionary forces and winning popular support. From the "Three Main Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention" proposed during the Red Army period to the repeated emphasis on strengthening discipline during the revolutionary war years, strong guarantees were provided for winning the victory of the new-democratic revolution. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, as a party leading the people in mastering state power nationwide and governing long-term, our Party emphasized safeguarding the Party's unity and solidarity, resolutely opposed bureaucratism and commandism, strove to prevent Party members and cadres from becoming divorced from the masses and from reality, and used strict discipline to ensure the Party withstood new tests under governing conditions. During the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, the Party's work focus shifted to economic construction, and developing the socialist market economy and advancing reform and opening up became new issues of the times. Our Party restored and reestablished discipline inspection organs, formulated norms for political life within the Party, reaffirmed the rigid role of discipline, and promoted discipline building to adapt to the new environment of reform, opening up, and the development of the socialist market economy. As socialism with Chinese characteristics entered the new era, the Party's central tasks expanded to comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed discipline building in a more prominent position, adhered to a strict tone, put discipline first, calibrated the discipline yardstick against risks, challenges, and new manifestations of discipline violations on the new journey, made discipline supply better match the needs of the times for governing and managing the Party, and used strict discipline to ensure the implementation of the Party Central Committee's major decisions and arrangements.
Advance with the times in improving discipline norms and calibrating the discipline yardstick. Since the new era began, the Party Central Committee has incorporated discipline building into the overall layout of Party building, deploying and advancing it in an integrated manner together with political building, ideological building, organizational building, work style building, institutional building, and the fight against corruption, marking that our Party's understanding of the laws of governing Marxist ruling parties and the intrinsic laws of discipline building has risen to a new realm. Discipline building is both an important component of the overall layout of Party building and provides support and guarantee for the effective implementation of all other Party building efforts. To advance political building, we must rely on strict political discipline to safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership; to solidify ideological building, we must rely on discipline education to consolidate Party members' disciplinary concepts; to strengthen organizational building, we must use organizational discipline to regulate intra-Party organizational life and the selection and appointment of personnel; to deepen work style building, we must rely on the rigidity of discipline to continuously rectify the Four Malfeasances; to advance the fight against corruption, we must adhere to putting discipline first, addressing problems early and nipping them in the bud. Party discipline is not an immutable dogma, but needs to develop dynamically based on the conditions of the times and in tandem with mission tasks, which requires discipline building to advance with the times, listen to the voice of the times, and answer the issues of the times. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, our Party has revised the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Action three times in accordance with the development of the situation, the needs of the cause, and new situations and problems in governing and managing the Party, continuously calibrating, enriching, and refining the Party's discipline norms, promoting the resonance of disciplinary requirements with the tasks of the times, making disciplinary provisions comprehensive in law and effective in practice, and fully releasing the clear signal that full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is always on the way.
Strengthen problem orientation and strive to enhance the targeting of discipline building
Problems are the manifestation of contradictions in things, and every era has its own problems. Only by scientifically understanding, accurately grasping, and correctly solving problems in discipline building can we continuously advance discipline building by upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground and implementing precise measures, so as to better use strict discipline to safeguard the development of the Party's cause.
Targeting is the practical trait of discipline building. Discipline is not an abstract and hollow collection of provisions, but rigid norms that directly confront the real contradictions in governing and managing the Party and respond to prominent problems within the Party. Disciplinary requirements divorced from concrete practice and ignoring real problems would become suspended texts, unable to effectively play a constraining and regulating role, let alone truly solve problems. In strengthening Party discipline building in the new era, we must firmly grasp the unique problems of a major party, see through appearances to identify the deep-seated causes behind lax discipline, grasp the principal contradiction and the principal aspect of the contradiction, integrate the discovery, analysis, and rectification of problems throughout the entire chain of discipline building, and promote the observance, enforcement, and implementation of discipline through learning, understanding, and clarifying discipline. We must adhere to grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, accurately grasp the characteristics and patterns of discipline violations at different levels and in different fields, continuously rectify deviations such as crude discipline enforcement and ineffective supervision, promote discipline building from "coverage on the surface" to "precise penetration," continuously enhance the effectiveness and penetrating power of disciplinary constraints, integrate the functions of discipline in constraint and punishment, warning and education, and source governance, and effectively transform institutional advantages into governance effectiveness in governing and managing the Party.
Accurately grasp the prominent problems currently facing the governance and management of the Party. In the new era, full and rigorous self-governance of the Party has achieved historic and pioneering achievements, producing comprehensive and deep-reaching influence, but some factors affecting the Party's advanced nature and weakening its purity still exist, the risks and hidden dangers of lax discipline cannot be ignored, and the governance and management of the Party cannot be relaxed for a moment. Based on the practical requirements of persistently advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, there are still many shortcomings and weaknesses in the field of discipline building. Some Party members and cadres have gaps in disciplinary literacy, and the ideological consciousness of learning, understanding, clarifying, and observing discipline has not yet been fully formed; some harbor a fluke mentality and violate discipline despite knowing it, failing to transform disciplinary requirements into daily behavioral norms. Formalism and bureaucratism are stubborn and recurrent, and under sustained high-pressure conditions they mutate in hidden forms and upgrade in new guises, often changing appearance and shifting from overt to covert, using superficialities such as ledger records and procedural compliance to conceal the essence of inaction, slow action, arbitrary action, and false action. In fields where power is concentrated, funds are intensive, and resources are abundant, risks such as collusion between politics and business, power providing protection for capital, and capital infiltrating the political sphere continue to exist, and new and hidden forms of corruption such as option corruption and shadow shareholders are intertwined and superimposed, and the soil and conditions for the breeding of corruption have not yet been completely eradicated. At the same time, unhealthy tendencies and corruption problems are intertwined, becoming prominent problems that must be addressed with focus at the current stage. Malfeasance and corruption are mutually reinforcing and mutually transforming, and the difficulty of detecting, identifying, and governing them through supervision and discipline enforcement continues to increase. These problems warn us that discipline building must maintain strategic resolve, adhere to problem orientation, accurately assess risks, and continuously make up for governance shortcomings.
Use strict discipline to precisely rectify stubborn and chronic maladies. The vitality of discipline lies in enforcement, and strict governance and strict management must rely on precise efforts and discipline enforcement in accordance with regulations. We must adhere to grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, carry out discipline education on a regular basis, integrate the study of Party rules and discipline into daily organizational life, make good use of positive guidance and warning education, and educate Party members and cadres to build a solid line of defense for observing rules and discipline from the ideological level. We must adhere to understanding and viewing work style problems from a political perspective, closely watch the implementation of the Party Central Committee's decisions and arrangements, use the discipline yardstick to calibrate performance of duties, and seriously pursue accountability for problems such as discounting and making alterations. We must closely watch the key links in the operation of power, improve risk prevention and control mechanisms for clean governance, set up defenses in advance, conduct routine supervision, promptly investigate and deal with all types of discipline violations, and resolutely plug regulatory loopholes. We must deeply advance the simultaneous investigation and governance of malfeasance and corruption, adhere to the integration of rectifying conduct, enforcing discipline, and fighting corruption, use "simultaneous investigation" to severely punish problems where malfeasance and corruption are intertwined, and use "simultaneous governance" to eradicate the common roots of malfeasance and corruption. We must precisely use the "four forms" of supervision and discipline enforcement, address problems early and nip them in the bud, promptly remind and correct problems of an incipient nature, and prevent small problems from evolving into major errors. We must solidly carry out using cases to clarify discipline, using cases to promote rectification, and using cases to promote governance, achieving the effect of investigating one case, warning a whole area, and governing a whole domain. We must highly unify strict management and supervision with encouraging responsibility and action, both daring to rectify problems of non-accountability and inaction and resolutely protecting those who take responsibility and supporting those who do things, thereby motivating cadres to enhance their spirit of entrepreneurship and dedication.
[The author is Executive Vice President (Vice President) of the Party School (School of Administration) of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, and Deputy Director of the Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era]
Return to TopBy: 本报评论员 吴青
The Chinese Communist Party's roots lie in the people, its lifeblood in the people, and its strength in the people. In deploying the task of "ceaselessly rectifying work styles and enforcing discipline," the Decision of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party particularly emphasized following the Party's mass line in the new era, guiding Party members and cadres to grasp the characteristics and laws of the Party's mass work in the new era, to be adept at relying on the strength of the masses to do work well and resolve contradictions, and to educate, guide, and lead the masses forward while serving them. This deployment fully demonstrates that our Party comes from the people, takes root among the people, and serves the people; only by being adept at relying on the wisdom and strength of the masses to resolve the contradictions and problems encountered in progress can we always maintain the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the people, and can we foster new work styles, enforce strict discipline, and rally the people's hearts.
Rectifying work styles and enforcing discipline means rectifying work styles, enforcing discipline, upholding positions, and protecting the people's hearts. The harm of work-style problems lies fundamentally in eroding the Party's ability to do mass work. Once divorced from the masses, work loses its source of wisdom, and contradictions lose their subject of resolution. Formalism and bureaucratism have become deep-seated problems or malady (顽瘴痼疾, wan zhang gu ji - "persistent, bad, deep-seated, chronic") precisely because they deviate from the Party's mass line; the masses feel the deepest and respond most strongly to unhealthy practices and corruption around them precisely because these directly infringe upon their vital interests. The masses are the direct perceivers of the Party's governance practice; how effective the work is and where the crux of contradictions lies are things the masses see most clearly and have the most say in. Only when the masses see clearly can participation be truly implemented, supervision be accurately targeted, and evaluation be firmly established. The participation, supervision, and evaluation of the masses are precisely the source of strength and confidence for doing work well and resolving contradictions. This requires that rectifying work styles and enforcing discipline must rely on the people and stay close to the people's hearts, open the door wide, invite the masses in, learn from the people as teachers, invite the masses to participate, accept the masses' supervision, and be judged by the masses, so that good work styles are transformed into credibility and strict discipline truly rallies hearts and gathers strength.
How to achieve "adeptness"? The key lies in asking the people about their needs, asking the people for their advice, and asking the people about results. Take the people's urgent concerns and pressing difficulties as the barometer of work, take whether the people support, approve, are satisfied, and agree as the fundamental standard for measuring the success or failure of all work, adhere to coming from the masses and going to the masses, concentrate scattered opinions into systematic methods, then return to the masses to accept supervision, be tested and corrected, and be put into practice, so that the masses are respected, educated, and benefited. Relying on the masses to resolve contradictions does not mean making decisions on behalf of the masses, nor shifting difficult problems onto the masses, but rather upholding and developing the Fengqiao model (枫桥经验) in the new era, transforming the masses from bystanders into participants, builders, and evaluators: wherever contradictions occur, organize the masses there to discuss and handle them together; wherever work is done, accept the masses' supervision and testing there. This requires preventing and overcoming two deviations: on the one hand, preventing commandism, not looking down from a high position, not doing things on behalf of or coercing the masses; on the other hand, preventing "tailism," not accommodating backwardness, not abandoning guidance, and not becoming the tail of the masses. We must both humbly learn from the masses and be adept at educating, guiding, and leading the masses forward while serving them, doing work into the hearts of the masses and resolving contradictions at the grassroots level.
Being adept at relying on the strength of the masses ultimately requires institutional safeguards and action-based implementation, running through all aspects of decision-making, execution, service, and evaluation. First, open the door to seek advice, building decisions on the foundation of public opinion. Implement the system of soliciting the masses' opinions on major decisions concerning people's livelihoods, make solid the links of forums, hearings, and public announcements, and let the masses fully express themselves and enhance their identification before decisions are made. Second, solve difficulties on the front line, putting effort into urgent concerns and pressing difficulties. Implement the "four grassroots-level practices" and the system of Party members and cadres directly contacting and serving the masses, promote the normalization of paired assistance and volunteer services; conduct more investigation and research in places where contradictions are concentrated and problems are prominent, treat the reasonable demands reflected by the masses as mass work delivered to one's door, promote the resolution of petitioning issues, and ensure that every matter has a resolution and every case has a response. Third, gather strength online, following the online mass line. Improve the ability to organize, publicize to, rally, and serve the masses through the internet, making the internet a new space for building consensus and an important platform for serving the masses. Fourth, let the masses evaluate, placing the yardstick of evaluation in the hands of the masses. See whether policy commitments are fulfilled, whether livelihood projects are completed, whether contradictions are resolved, and whether the masses' sense of gain is tangible and accessible. Deepen the rectification of the chronic problems of formalism and bureaucratism, continuously rectify unhealthy practices and corruption around the masses, smooth the channels for mass supervision, and ensure that all work can withstand the scrutiny of the people.
The masses embody the wisdom of governance and contain the great power of rectifying work styles and enforcing discipline. Being adept at relying on the strength of the masses to do work well and resolve contradictions, in the final analysis, means carrying the supremacy of the people through the entire process of rectifying work styles and enforcing discipline. Whether work styles are correct is decided by the masses; whether discipline is strict is tested by the masses; whether work is solid ultimately rests on the masses' sense of gain. Put the wisdom of the masses to use and gather their strength, and doing work well will have a living source, resolving contradictions will have deep confidence, rectifying work styles and enforcing discipline will have inexhaustible momentum, and the foundation for persistently advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party will be as firm as a rock.
Return to TopElecting deputies to people's congresses is the foundation for upholding, improving, and operating the system of people's congresses, and it is a major event in the political life of the state. It is necessary to practice whole-process people's democracy, uphold the Party's leadership, fully promote democracy, and strictly act in accordance with the law, strengthen supervision over the entire electoral process, ensure that the electoral work maintains the correct direction and a clean and honest political atmosphere (风清气正, feng qing qi zheng - "wind, clear; air, upright"), and ensure that deputies who satisfy the people are elected.
Return to TopBy: 蒲松涛
At present, new-generation artificial intelligence technologies, represented by large models, intelligent agents, and embodied intelligence, are accelerating in evolution, driving profound changes in global production methods, industrial forms, and employment structures. In terms of employment impact, procedural and repetitive positions face substitution pressure, while a batch of high-value-added, diversified positions are also rapidly emerging. Recently, the State Council made systematic arrangements on "adapting to the development of artificial intelligence technology to help build an employment-friendly development model," taking "expanding new space for AI employment in emerging fields" as an important lever for strengthening AI's employment creation effect. From an industrial perspective, the foundation for employment expansion lies in business format cultivation, the potential lies in regional coordination, and the vitality lies in enterprise entities. It is necessary to follow industrial laws and advance systematically, transforming technological progress into lasting momentum for high-quality and full employment.
The cultivation of new AI business formats brings new employment growth points
Industry is the soil of employment; industrial formats fundamentally determine the capacity and structure of employment. Along with the diffusion of AI technology, the boundaries of employment are also continuously expanding. Currently, AI is in a critical window period for application and implementation. In 2025, the scale of China's AI core industry exceeded 1.2 trillion yuan. According to forecasts, the global AI market will grow at a rate exceeding 30% over the next five years. The AI industry chain is long, with many links and strong differentiation in demand, and the division of labor system has not yet been fully solidified, providing feasible space for regions at different development levels to embed themselves into the industrial chain.
From the perspective of business formats, new AI business formats can be divided into three types according to their formation drivers and industrial attributes: native, derivative, and integrated.
First, the native type. Directly spawned by new-generation AI technology, it has the characteristics of technological nativity and business originality, mainly including general large model R&D enterprises, AI-native SaaS service providers, embodied intelligence robot enterprises, and generative AI content platforms. In terms of employment creation, it is the core creator of new occupations and new employment forms: first, positions are completely new, such as giving rise to a batch of nationally recognized new occupations including model developers, prompt engineers, and AI trainers, with job skill requirements being original; second, talent allocation is high-end, with core positions mainly staffed by highly educated, highly skilled young talent, and per capita compensation generally higher than the industry-wide average; third, organizational flexibility, with flat organizational models generally adopted. In addition to formal employment, it can also drive a large amount of platform-based flexible employment and entrepreneurial employment. Individual enterprises of this type have limited employment absorption capacity, but their technology spillover effects are strong, making them the "source engine" for expanding employment space.
Second, the derivative type. It provides production factors, hardware support, and implementation services for AI core businesses, mainly including data services (data cleaning, annotation, training, etc.), hardware manufacturing (AI chips, intelligent sensors, intelligent terminals, etc.), and technical services (computing power scheduling, model deployment, system integration and operations and maintenance, etc.). This type of business format is an "employment reservoir," with strong inclusiveness, large position capacity, and clear skill gradients. This type also possesses both technology-intensive and labor-intensive attributes. High-end segments require professionals in chip processes, computing power scheduling, and other fields, while workers in basic segments can take up positions after short-term standardized training.
Third, the integrated type. With the continuous deepening of the "AI+" initiative, new-generation AI technology will also drive agriculture, manufacturing, services, and other fields to accelerate the future-oriented upgrading of existing industries, cultivating and forming cross-border new business formats such as industrial intelligent quality inspection, AI drug R&D, autonomous driving mobility, intelligent planting management and control, and AI content production. This type of business format has a wide employment-driving surface and strong job-transfer adaptability, and can directly give rise to new operational service positions such as AI operations engineers. At the same time, the application of AI tools enables workers in traditional industries to adapt to upgraded positions after short-term training, achieving job transfer without changing industries. Positions in this type of business format are distributed across all walks of life (千行百业, qian hang bai ye - "thousand, industry, hundred, industry"), and can spread the technological dividends of AI throughout the entire national economic system, serving as a concentrated manifestation of the employment creation effect.
Optimize layout based on regional endowments, activate enterprise employment absorption potential at different levels
Expanding new employment space must follow the laws of industrial development and labor allocation. Attention should be paid to optimizing the division of labor based on regional endowments to avoid homogeneous competition, and attention should also be paid to activating the employment absorption potential of different types of enterprises at different levels.
Rely on regional endowments to optimize layout and build an industrial employment pattern of coordinated division of labor. China's regional development differences are significant, and the factor requirements of different links in the AI industry chain are not the same. Developing in light of local conditions and with differentiated positioning is both an inevitable requirement for improving industrial chain efficiency and an inevitable choice for balancing regional employment equity and allowing workers in different regions to share technological dividends.
The eastern region has dense talent, abundant capital, rich scenarios, and mature supply chains, and bears the functions of technological breakthroughs and business format innovation leadership. It should focus on laying out native-type business formats and high-end derivative and integrated types. Beijing, with Zhongguancun at its core, had an AI core industry scale of 450 billion yuan in 2025. Shanghai is accelerating the cultivation of new business formats such as financial AI and medical AI, gathering a talent pool of nearly 300,000. Shenzhen has built a full-stack AI industry chain, with more than 2,600 AI enterprises above designated size in 2025. Hangzhou, Suzhou, Nanjing, and others have formed distinctive advantages in segmented fields, jointly constituting the eastern core industrial belt and becoming an important growth pole for high-end AI employment.
The central and western regions, leveraging their advantages in energy, labor, and land, can undertake and cultivate derivative-type business formats and labor-intensive integrated types, developing industries such as data annotation, intelligent terminals, and computing power operations and maintenance. For example, Guizhou has become an important cluster for the national data annotation industry, with Yunyan District of Guiyang City gathering nearly 80 data enterprises and absorbing more than 3,000 employees. Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone, with AI servers and intelligent terminals at its core, is striving to build a full-chain ecosystem from computing power infrastructure to hardware manufacturing. Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, and other places are undertaking industrial transfers of intelligent terminals, AI hardware supporting facilities, and other industries, forming a new "reservoir" for absorbing employment of industrial workers.
Cultivate business entities at different levels and activate the employment absorption capacity of different types of enterprises. Enterprises are the direct suppliers of jobs. The coordinated development of large, medium, and small enterprises and fair competition among enterprises of different ownership types are key to continuously creating stable positions. Different types of enterprises have different positions in the employment system, requiring differentiated policies and tiered cultivation. In particular, it is necessary to fully release the employment potential of various entities such as AI-native enterprises and specialized and innovative "little giant" enterprises.
AI-native enterprises are the core carriers of native-type business formats and the main pioneers of new occupations and new employment forms. They have rapid technology iteration, new business models, and flexible organizational forms, and can drive external employment through open platforms, ecosystem collaboration, and crowdsourcing services. Currently, the core teams of leading large model and intelligent agent enterprises number only in the hundreds to thousands, but through developer ecosystems, crowdsourced annotation, and scenario testing, they can drive hundreds of thousands or even millions of people into flexible employment. To strengthen the group of AI-native enterprises, the focus should be on lowering entrepreneurship thresholds, providing services such as low-cost computing power, compliant training data, and scenario matching, and encouraging platform-type enterprises to improve ecosystem employment rules, so that more workers can start their own businesses and engage in flexible employment based on AI technology.
Specialized and innovative "little giant" enterprises are the backbone of derivative and integrated business formats. They deeply cultivate segmented links in the industrial chain, with high specialization, strong order stability, and good employment inclusiveness. China's team of specialized and innovative enterprises continues to grow. As of November 2025, China has cumulatively cultivated more than 600,000 technology-based and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, more than 140,000 specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, and more than 17,600 national-level specialized and innovative "little giant" enterprises, of which more than 6,000 are in future industries such as AI. To support the development of specialized and innovative enterprises, the focus should be on encouraging enterprises to deeply cultivate segmented fields over the long term, continuously enriching position types and expanding employment scale amid technological upgrading and scale expansion, and creating a sound pattern of coordinated job expansion across the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain.
Systematic advancement helps the continuous expansion of new employment space
Implement the national strategy and deeply advance the "AI+" initiative. Open up application scenarios in batches around fields such as intelligent manufacturing, smart healthcare, and smart education, and support enterprise technological innovation and product iteration. Support innovation in AI-native models and encourage enterprises to use AI to reconstruct the entire process of R&D and design, production and manufacturing, and marketing services. Promote the coordinated upgrading of the industrial chain, support industry leaders in opening common technology platforms, reduce the cost of applying intelligent technology for small and medium-sized enterprises, and drive value addition and employment expansion across the entire industrial chain.
Strengthen organizational coordination and adhere to coordinated nationwide efforts (全国一盘棋, quan guo yi pan qi - "whole, country, one, chess, board") for scientific layout. Incorporate the employment layout of the AI industry into the regional coordinated development strategy and the overall arrangement of the "East Data, West Computing" project. Encourage the eastern and western regions to jointly build "enclave parks," and guide eastern enterprises to prioritize the layout of supporting links such as data annotation and hardware manufacturing in the central and western regions. Establish mechanisms for computing power scheduling and data service docking between the east and west, and promote precise matching between western computing power resources and eastern technological demand.
Increase policy support and strengthen the supply of financial and other factors. Make good use of inclusive policies such as the additional deduction for R&D expenses, and provide subsidies to AI enterprises in accordance with regulations. For enterprises in fields such as data annotation and intelligent terminal manufacturing, encourage local governments to introduce phased support policies to stabilize enterprise employment scale. Include eligible AI enterprises in the scope of special loans for financial assistance to enterprises for stabilizing employment and expanding positions. Deepen the market-oriented reform of data factors and openly provide public training data to small and medium-sized enterprises in a compliant manner.
Improve the safeguard system and consolidate the foundation for employment development. In response to the characteristics of rapid AI technology iteration, short skill update cycles, and a high proportion of flexible employment in some fields, continuously strengthen the supply of digital skills training, accelerate the construction of an employment safeguard system adapted to new business formats, and achieve the simultaneous advancement of industrial development and employment quality improvement.
(The author is the director of the Future Industry Research Center of the China Center for Information Industry Development)
Return to TopBy: 任荣荣
As the supply-demand relationship in China's real estate market undergoes major changes, real estate has entered an era of existing stock, and is currently in the stage of controlling incremental supply, reducing existing stock, and optimizing supply. Achieving a rebalancing of supply and demand in the market through policy optimization is the foundation for stabilizing and bottoming out (止跌企稳, zhi die qi wen - "stop, fall; rise, stabilize") in real estate. Since the beginning of this year, various regions and departments have implemented city-specific policies, further optimizing real estate regulation policies to promote the release of housing demand. According to the spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics, judging from multiple relevant indicators in the first three quarters, the real estate market is developing in a positive direction.
The magnitude of adjustment on the supply side has continued to exceed that on the demand side, and positive results have been achieved in reducing real estate inventory
The relatively high level of inventory is one of the core issues that needs to be resolved in this round of real estate market adjustment. Since the central government proposed in 2024 to coordinate research on policies for digesting existing housing stock and optimizing incremental housing supply, relevant departments have proactively planned policies to control incremental supply, guiding various regions to reasonably control the supply of new commercial residential land, requiring cities with excessively long inventory clearance cycles to suspend the supply of commercial residential land; for cities with relatively long clearance cycles, implementing the principle of "supply as much as is revitalized." In March 2026, the Ministry of Natural Resources and the National Forestry and Grassland Administration jointly issued the "Notice on Further Improving the Guarantee of Natural Resource Factors," clarifying that "newly added construction land will give priority to guaranteeing the construction of major projects and the development of people's livelihood undertakings, and in principle will not be used for commercial real estate development." Along with the adjustment of the real estate market and the continuous optimization of regulation policies, positive results have been achieved in reducing real estate inventory since the beginning of this year, and the supply-demand relationship in the incremental market has improved significantly.
From the perspective of broad inventory (started and sellable area), in the first three quarters, the newly started area of residential housing by real estate development enterprises was 247.74 million square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 25.4%; during the same period, the sales area of commercial residential housing was 469.96 million square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 13.8%. The decline in newly started area has continued to be greater than that in sales area, indicating that the market is already in a state of active inventory reduction. Since 2022, the absolute value of newly started commercial residential housing area has continued to be lower than the sales area. As of the end of the third quarter of 2026, a cumulative difference of approximately 1.2 billion square meters has been formed, driving a significant decline in the scale of sellable commercial residential housing inventory.
From the perspective of narrow inventory (completed and unsold area), as of the end of September, the unsold area of newly built commercial housing nationwide was 748.25 million square meters, a year-on-year decrease of 1.5%; among which, the unsold area of newly built commercial housing under 3 years old decreased by 5.0%. At the end of March this year, the unsold area of commercial housing nationwide turned from an increase to a decrease, marking the first year-on-year decline in 52 consecutive months. At present, the unsold area has been declining for 7 consecutive months, and the decline in the area unsold for under 3 years is even greater, indicating that the newly accumulated inventory since 2022 is being digested at an accelerated pace.
During the process of real estate inventory reduction adjustment, in the first three quarters, real estate development investment decreased by 20.6% year-on-year. This is both the result of the subjective promotion of policies to control incremental supply and, more importantly, the objective requirement of market supply-demand rebalancing, which should be viewed correctly.
Second-hand housing transaction volume maintains double-digit growth, and improving the quality and efficiency of existing stock stores up momentum for the incremental market
The proportion of second-hand housing transactions is an important indicator reflecting the maturity of the real estate market; exceeding 50% marks the entry of real estate into the era of existing stock. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, in the first 8 months of 2026, the proportion of second-hand housing transactions in China had already reached 52%. Promoting the circulation of existing housing stock helps improve the efficiency of housing resource allocation and unblock the entire housing replacement chain. The dynamic allocation process of housing resources in the market is usually reflected through the housing filtering mechanism, whose basic connotation is that, as the income of families who have purchased homes increases or as housing itself ages, driven by preferences for new or high-quality housing, they will "sell the old and buy the new," while the old housing will be chosen by other families, thereby forming a matching between housing of different performance levels and families of different income levels, and achieving an overall improvement in the housing conditions of resident families through housing circulation. Since the beginning of this year, various regions have intensified the implementation of housing "trade-in for new" policies, promoting the circulation of existing housing stock to store up momentum for the incremental market.
As real estate enters the era of existing stock, housing demand increasingly needs to be realized through the circulation and reallocation of existing housing. According to data from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, from January to September, the online-contract area of second-hand housing transactions nationwide was 617.46 million square meters, a year-on-year increase of 10.7%, maintaining double-digit growth continuously since the second half of the year. The relatively rapid growth in second-hand housing transaction volume means that many housing demands are being met through the circulation of existing stock, which will also promote the release of housing demand in the incremental market through the housing filtering mechanism.
The quality of housing products continues to improve, and new supply creates and stimulates new demand
The pursuit of high-quality living is an inevitable trend after the problem of housing quantity shortage is resolved, and the design and construction of "good houses" with quality guarantees has become a hot topic. In May 2025, the new "Residential Project Code" was officially implemented, providing a mandatory engineering construction code for improving housing quality. After the code was implemented, competent authorities promoted the research, development, and application of multiple types of new building materials through methods such as "open competition for projects," guided leading enterprises in the industry to play a demonstrative role, explored the construction of a "good house" building system, and promoted the integrated construction of good houses, good residential communities, good neighborhoods, and good urban areas. This has driven the improvement of housing product quality and the optimization of the supply structure, continuously creating and stimulating new housing demand.
From the policy side, in the year since the "Residential Project Code" was implemented, various regions have accelerated the formulation of local standards, introduced supporting policies, and orderly promoted the construction of safe, comfortable, green, and smart "good houses." In August 2026, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development released the second batch of experience and practices for "good house" construction, including improving the standards system, enhancing design levels, strengthening the promotion and application of good materials, guaranteeing construction quality, improving operation and maintenance service levels, strengthening technological empowerment, promoting the renovation and upgrading of existing housing, improving industrial support, and increasing policy promotion efforts. For example, Shandong Province, in conjunction with the requirements for "good house" construction, has carried out material research, development, and innovation in areas such as energy conservation and insulation, waterproofing, sound insulation, high-performance doors and windows, and high-standard flues, and requires that the application ratio of green building materials in "good houses" reach more than 50%; Hangzhou City issued the "Implementation Opinions on Further Carrying Out Housing Quality Improvement Work," focusing on promoting housing quality improvement in nine major aspects: planning and site selection, supporting facilities, environmental coordination, residential functions, housing quality, safety performance, green energy conservation, smart residential areas, and refined operation and maintenance; Guangzhou City has incorporated "good house" construction requirements into land transfer conditions, guiding projects to consider housing quality improvement needs in advance, and effectively promoting the improvement of housing design and construction standards.
From the market side, building "good houses" has become a new track for the transformation and development of the real estate industry. Real estate development enterprises have returned to the product itself, focusing on creating good products that meet the needs of homebuyers. Aligning with the development trends of green energy conservation, high-tech empowerment, and the people's needs for a better life, the supply of high-quality residential projects that meet the conditions of green buildings, healthy buildings, intelligent buildings, smart communities, and sponge communities has increased. Driven by the entry of high-quality residential projects into the market, the prices of newly built commercial residential housing in first-tier cities have risen month-on-month for two consecutive months, while the month-on-month declines in second- and third-tier cities have generally narrowed. In September, among 70 large and medium-sized cities, 17 cities saw month-on-month increases in the sales prices of newly built commercial residential housing, 2 more than in the previous month.
As inventory in the incremental market is reduced, the circulation efficiency of the existing stock market improves, and the construction of "good house" products accelerates, the supply structure of real estate will continue to be optimized, the quality of housing will continue to improve, and the housing demand for "good quality" will be gradually satisfied, thereby promoting the real estate market to achieve supply-demand rebalancing and high-quality development in the new stage of development.
(The author is the director of the Real Estate Department of the Investment Research Institute of the China Academy of Macroeconomic Research)
Return to TopBy: 杨剑
On September 3, the China-Shanghai Cooperation Organization Port Economy Cooperation Center was inaugurated in Tianjin, which will promote the sharing of port resources among SCO countries, complementing each other's strengths (优势互补, youshi mutu - "advantage, complement"), and common development, and help with the high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative and the high-level opening up of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. At present, the port economy has already become an important support for promoting the high-quality development of China's economy. The original meaning of a port refers to coastal ports designated by the state for foreign trade. With the development of trade exchanges, today's ports are not only commercial ports for economic and trade exchanges, but also ports for exchanges in politics, diplomacy, science and technology, culture, tourism, and immigration. As of September 2026, China has a total of 313 ports open to the outside world approved by the state. The port economy, with open ports as its core carrier and import and export activities as its foundation, drives the coordinated development of related industries such as commerce and logistics, processing and manufacturing, e-commerce, finance and insurance, transportation services, and infrastructure through the cross-border flow and agglomeration of economic factors such as the flow of goods, capital, and information, thereby forming an economic system with resilience, vitality, and competitiveness. The port economy plays multiple practical roles and is increasingly becoming a new economic growth point.
Serving to accelerate the construction of the new development pattern. The port economy is connected on one end to the domestic super-large market, meeting the needs of domestic industrial upgrading and consumption upgrading by importing key equipment, high-quality consumer goods, and energy resources; and on the other end to the international market, delivering domestic advantageous products and services to the international market and promoting the mutual reinforcement of domestic and international dual circulation. For example, the Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone, relying on the development of the port economy and with the help of the "global central warehouse," can deliver overseas high-end products such as vaccines and testing reagents to the domestic market within 24 hours at the fastest. Leveraging advantages such as high customs clearance efficiency and stable logistics channels, it helps cross-border e-commerce enterprises export products to more than 50 countries and regions around the world, becoming an important hub connecting domestic and international dual circulation.
Cultivating new quality productive forces to promote high-quality industrial development. The port economy is conducive to attracting high-end resource factors, promoting the agglomeration of advanced technologies and high-end equipment needed for the development of new quality productive forces, and providing factor support for technology-intensive industries and strategic emerging industries. In 2025, relying on the agglomeration of high-end factors such as technology, equipment, and talent brought by the port economy, the Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone saw the output value of strategic emerging industries in industry reach 84.21 billion yuan, an increase of 15.2%. The port economy is becoming a key carrier for empowering high-quality industrial development.
Giving play to the radiating and driving role to promote coordinated regional development. The port economy can transmit development dividends deep inland along transportation trunk lines, give play to its radiating and driving role, promote mutual integration and mutual promotion among regions, achieving mutual benefits and win-win results (互利共赢, huli gongying - "mutual benefit, win-win"), and expand the space of the domestic major circulation. For example, after Guinean bauxite arrives by sea at Fangchenggang in Guangxi, it is processed into alumina and then shipped directly to Qijiang in Chongqing via point-to-point direct trains on the "port-railway-factory" route, shortening the raw material import cycle for Chongqing enterprises by more than 40%, efficiently meeting the aluminum material needs of key industries in Chongqing such as intelligent connected new energy vehicles, and transmitting the dividends of opening up from border ports to the deep inland hinterland.
Opening up a new situation of mutually beneficial international cooperation. Ports are direct windows for economic and trade exchanges between countries. A high level of port economic development will promote China's deepening of cooperation with other countries in various fields and enable China to share opportunities and achieve common development with countries around the world. Taking the Khorgos Port in Xinjiang as an example, relying on the China-Kazakhstan Khorgos International Border Cooperation Center, the China Xinjiang-Central Asia Youth Culture and Art Exchange Season was held in 2025, during which young people from Central Asian countries enhanced understanding and friendship through art exhibitions and intangible cultural heritage experiences. The port economy, building its foundation through economic and trade cooperation and adding luster through people-to-people and cultural exchanges, is becoming a vivid practice of China's construction of a community with a shared future with neighboring countries.
Ports are the frontline of China's opening up to the outside world and an important engine for promoting high-quality development. We must adhere to the guidance of high-level opening up, continuously strengthen the development momentum of the port economy, and further deepen international economic and trade cooperation. First, transform and upgrade to consolidate the foundation. Comprehensively strengthen the construction of infrastructure at hub and node ports, improve the modernization level of facilities such as passages, inspection, and transshipment, and better support the development of the port economy. Develop a smart port economy, promote the in-depth application of "artificial intelligence +" in various scenarios such as port economic operation management and service support, and lead the transformation of port economic operation and management models with artificial intelligence technology. Develop a green port economy, promote the application of energy-saving and low-carbon technologies in the port field, integrate green construction standards for airports, ports, and other facilities, research and introduce a green standard system covering the entire chain of the port economy, and improve the level of green development.
Second, institutional innovation to stimulate momentum. Expand independent opening up and continuously stimulate the development momentum of the port economy through institutional innovation. Explore and implement higher-level trade and investment liberalization and facilitation policies and systems centered on safety supervision, and promote innovative development of foreign trade. Increase the intensity of opening up in key areas such as transportation, science and technology, talent, and data, and attract the agglomeration of high-end resource factors. Improve the efficiency of port government services, implement inclusive and prudent supervision, build a cordial and clean relationship between government and business, and create a good business environment conducive to investment and business facilitation. Explore policy and institutional arrangements conducive to the integrated development of corridors, logistics, trade, and industry, and enhance the synergy of port economic development.
Third, industrial innovation to cultivate an ecosystem. Relying on the opening-up advantages of ports, guide local traditional industries to connect with the international market and introduce advanced technology, promote the climb of processing and manufacturing, warehousing and logistics, and other industries toward the middle and high end of the value chain, and enable traditional industries to radiate new vitality. Actively introduce and cultivate high-end and high-tech industries such as high-end equipment manufacturing, cross-border e-commerce, bonded maintenance and remanufacturing, and biomedicine, and enhance the core competitiveness of the port economy through the leap in industrial level. Improve industrial supporting facilities, develop financial services, science and technology services, and legal services, promote coordinated linkage between industries, between industry and city, and between industry and finance, and build an industrial ecosystem.
Fourth, coordinated linkage to share dividends. Strengthen coordination and cooperation between port areas and other regions, and promote two-way empowerment and common development between the port economy and other regions by advancing facility connectivity, industrial division of labor and cooperation, and convenient flow of factors. Deepen bilateral and multilateral practical cooperation on the port economy with neighboring countries and countries jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative, promote the establishment of port economic cooperation centers with more countries and regions, deepen mutual recognition of regional rules, guide the rational and orderly cross-border layout of industrial and supply chains, and achieve resource sharing, complementing each other's strengths, and achieving mutual benefits and win-win results on a broader scale and at a deeper level.
Fifth, optimize supervision to ensure safety. Strengthen the full-chain closed-loop management of national border security risk investigation, early warning release, tracking and handling, and feedback evaluation, and enhance the ability to prevent and control security risks in the port economy. For new industries, new business forms, new technologies, and new models in the development of the port economy, formulate targeted risk supervision methods and standards and norms, leave sufficient space for innovative development on the premise of holding the bottom line of security, and achieve a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security.
(The author is the Director of the Institute of Trade Development of the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce)
Return to TopBy: 张峰
The united front is a powerful magic weapon for uniting people's hearts and gathering strength.In the face of changing conditions of the times, it is necessary to identify the focal points of united front work. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Cyberspace has already become a new space for people's production and life, and it should therefore also become a new space for our Party to build consensus." "We must do a good job of online united front work and follow the mass line on the internet." The rapid development of the internet has profoundly changed the pattern of social interaction and information dissemination. A large number of social activities and expressions of opinion are continuously shifting online, and cyberspace has become an important venue where ideas converge and viewpoints collide. Doing a good job of online united front work faces innovations in many aspects, including the targets of the work and the content of the work. At present, the emerging group of online figures is continuously growing and expanding. They are active on various online platforms, participating in content production, information dissemination, technology research and development, and platform operations. They are an important force influencing the ecology of online public opinion, and they also bring new opportunities and new challenges to united front work. Doing a good job of united front work among online figures, uniting and guiding them, is a key task of online united front work and an important focal point of the Party's united front work in the new era.
Based on the trend of digital development, do a good job of united front work among online figures. On the one hand, this is an inevitable requirement for consolidating the Party's long-term governing position. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The internet is the main battlefield of current propaganda and ideological work. If we do not occupy this battlefield, others will; if we do not unite these people, others will win them over." At present, the scale of online groups continues to grow, their social influence continues to rise, and online public opinion directly affects the formation of social consensus. Extending united front work into cyberspace, continuously contacting, uniting, and guiding people from all walks of life online, is an inevitable requirement for seizing the initiative in building consensus in the new public opinion environment and ideological environment, and for pooling the strength of people's hearts for the Party's long-term governance. On the other hand, this is an inevitable requirement for following the mass line on the internet. The internet is an indispensable key channel for conveying public sentiment and public opinion and reflecting the demands of the people. It is an important front for doing the Party's mass work well in the new era, and it is also an important means. Online figures are rooted in cyberspace and are an important bond for understanding online public sentiment and communicating with online masses. Only by deeply studying and judging the profound impact that internet development has brought to the united front, making good use of internet thinking and internet carriers, relying on various online platforms to regularly listen to public opinion, pool public wisdom, and respond to public needs, and persisting in candid friendship and precise service, can we continuously enhance the political identity, ideological identity, theoretical identity, and emotional identity of the broad community of online figures, and promote the effective extension and coverage of the Party's mass work into cyberspace.
Accurately grasp the group characteristics of online figures and scientifically study and judge their development trends. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "With the rapid development of the internet, online figures, including new media practitioners and online 'opinion leaders,' have emerged in large numbers. Among these two groups, some operate the networks and are the ones 'building the stage,' while some speak out online and are the ones 'performing on stage.' They can often sway the agenda of the internet, and their energy cannot be underestimated." Among these two groups there are a large number of non-Party figures, who have the characteristics of being young, highly educated, highly mobile, with active thinking, strong mobilizing ability, and a wide range of influence. In particular, the latter group has a relatively greater influence on internet agenda and requires special attention. In this regard, General Secretary Xi Jinping explicitly demanded: "We must bring the representative figures among these people into the field of vision of united front work, establish regular contact channels, strengthen online interaction and offline communication, guide their political views, and enhance their political identity." "We must cultivate a team of non-Party representative figures in this field, so that they can demonstrate positive energy in purifying cyberspace, promoting the main theme, and safeguarding ideological security." In November 2019, the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission held a conference on united front work among online figures, further clarifying the scope and characteristics of online figures and making arrangements for united front work among online figures in the new era. In terms of scope, online figures generally refer to people who have influence on the internet, that is, people who, based on information technology and using the internet as a platform, engage in activities such as business management, production and dissemination, technology research and development, and investment and financing, and who possess the ability to disseminate public opinion, produce content, and mobilize society. They mainly include: practitioners of new media information platforms such as information subscription, content distribution, and portal websites; practitioners of internet enterprises and platforms such as social life, culture and entertainment, network technology, and online transactions; online celebrities such as internet "big Vs," personal internet "big accounts," heads of online community organizations, online writers, online streamers, video influencers, and professional esports players; as well as practitioners of other enterprises and social organizations closely related to the internet. In terms of development trends, with the continuous development of digital technology and the platform economy, the scale of online figures is still growing, and they are more dispersed and complex. Their social influence has further increased, and they are increasingly becoming a social force that needs to be focused on uniting and guiding.
Adapt to the characteristics of the group and pay attention to methods and strategies. We must adhere to the working principles of unified leadership of the Party, giving priority to positive guidance, combining online and offline, and adopting classified and precise measures. With ideological guidance and enhancing consensus as the main line, with team building and giving play to their role as the focus, with innovating carriers and improving effectiveness as the key, and with improving mechanisms and enhancing capabilities as the guarantee, we should strive to unite and rally the broad community of online figures around the Party. Specifically, this mainly includes the following three aspects.
First, strengthen political guidance. Online figures are diverse in composition and highly mobile. We should adhere to trust, respect, and equal treatment, distinguish the characteristics of online figures in different fields and of different types in conducting contact and interaction, and integrate ideological guidance into the entire process of making friends through fellowship, achieving the effect of a gentle and subtle influence that nourishes people (春风化雨, chun feng hua yu - "spring breeze, transform, rain"), moistening things silently. On the one hand, establish regular online and offline contact channels, and rely on forms such as education and training, national conditions inspections, and thematic exchanges to organize and guide online figures to deeply study the Party's innovative theories, lines, principles, and policies, and continuously consolidate the common ideological and political foundation. On the other hand, persist in embedding guidance in service, regularly listen to the opinions and demands of online figures, promptly respond to their ideological confusions, coordinate to solve practical difficulties, increase policy support, optimize the development environment for online figures, and enhance political identity, ideological identity, theoretical identity, and emotional identity through sincere service.
Second, strengthen the building of a team of representative figures. In carrying out unity and guidance for the broad community of online figures, the focus should be on the representative figures among them, cultivating a team of online representative figures who are politically firm and good at guiding public opinion. On the one hand, the building of the team of online representative figures should be incorporated into the overall plan for building the team of representative figures of the united front, broaden discovery channels, innovate training methods, strengthen use and management, discover and cultivate a number of influential representative figures among online figures, and focus on building a backbone team. On the other hand, orderly organize online figures to participate in activities such as deliberative and consultative suggestions and democratic supervision, guide their standardized and orderly political participation, and support them in playing a positive role in positively guiding public opinion, offering suggestions and contributing wisdom, tackling key technical problems, innovation and entrepreneurship, and serving society. At the same time, do a good job of daily contact and follow-up understanding of representative figures, promptly grasp their ideological conditions, build more platforms and carriers for them to perform their duties and display their talents, and promote representative figures to grow their abilities and play their roles through practical training.
Third, improve organizational carriers and institutional mechanisms. Adapting to the characteristics of online figures being dispersed and gathering online, it is necessary to simultaneously advance organizational construction and institutional safeguards. Relying on fellowship organizations for online figures, innovation demonstration sites for united front work, online work platforms, and offline activity brands, effectively organize dispersed online figures, enrich the scenarios for fellowship and interaction, and enhance the effectiveness of unity and guidance. At the same time, continuously improve the internet literacy and online work capabilities of united front cadres, and rely on research platforms to deepen research on theoretical and practical issues of online united front work. Improve the joint conference system for united front work among online figures at all levels, further straighten out the division of responsibilities among departments, promote information sharing among relevant functional units, and form a working pattern of unified leadership of the Party committee, joint management and coordinated promotion by all relevant departments.
(The author is a former Vice President of the Central Institute of Socialism)
Return to TopBy: 阎天
In China, workers in new forms of employment mainly refer to those who rely on internet platforms for employment. Recently, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the Measures for the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Workers in New Forms of Employment (Draft for Comments) (hereinafter referred to as the "Draft for Comments"), further consolidating the institutional foundation for protecting the rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment. Previously, in 2021, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and seven other departments issued the Guiding Opinions on Safeguarding the Labor Security Rights and Interests of Workers in New Forms of Employment, and relevant departments subsequently issued a series of guidelines, laying the groundwork for the development of relevant institutions. Workers in new forms of employment are large in number, complex in composition, highly mobile, and diverse in demands, and the protection of their rights and interests concerns not only the immediate interests of the workers themselves but also the sound and orderly development of the platform economy. In recent years, China, based on its national conditions and realities, has continuously explored institutional solutions to issues such as the identification of workers' legal status, algorithmic rules, labor intensity, occupational injuries, and dispute resolution. These efforts have both responded to the prominent contradictions in protecting the rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment and accumulated practical experience for the systematization and standardization of relevant rules, comprehensively consolidating the foundation for safeguarding the rights and interests of workers in new employment groups.
The prerequisite for safeguarding the labor rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment is to determine their legal status. China's labor law has long divided workers into two categories: first, workers under a labor relationship, characterized by subjection to the employer's directive labor management and entitled to the full protection of the labor law; second, workers not under a labor relationship, who are essentially not protected by the labor law. So, into which category should workers in new forms of employment fall? On the one hand, labor positions in new forms of employment are generally relatively free, with management being looser than that on factory assembly lines, and it is precisely this flexibility and freedom that constitutes their appeal; classifying them all under a labor relationship would be inconsistent with the facts. On the other hand, changes in employment forms have not eliminated the need for rights and interests protection in the employment process, and workers still face many practical difficulties in protecting their rights and interests, for which the labor law should not be entirely absent. Taking both considerations into account, China has proposed a third status between the two categories, namely "circumstances that do not fully meet the criteria for establishing a labor relationship." Under such circumstances, many institutions of the labor law have been adjusted in light of the characteristics of platform employment and the need to maintain employment flexibility. For example, drawing on the written-form requirement for labor contracts, platforms and their cooperative partners are required to conclude written agreements with workers, but the legal consequences of failing to conclude a written agreement are mitigated; drawing on the channels for resolving labor disputes, workers are permitted to file for labor arbitration, but the scope of matters is limited to labor remuneration, occupational safety and health, and occupational injury protection benefits, among others. The Draft for Comments this time continues and refines this classification approach, requiring platform enterprises to conclude written employment agreements with workers who fall under such circumstances, and stipulating the form of agreements when platform enterprises and platform employment cooperative enterprises jointly implement labor management. The shift from a "binary classification" to a "ternary classification" represents an important expansion of the mechanism for classified protection of workers.
Algorithms are an important form of platform employment rules and are where the "newness" of new forms of employment lies. With the development of the platform economy, algorithms have been widely applied in task allocation, route planning, service pricing, performance assessment, reward and punishment evaluation, and account management, becoming important tools for platforms to organize labor and allocate resources. Regarding how the law should regulate algorithmic rules, there are two different views: one view holds that behind algorithms lies the platform's labor management authority, and that without necessary constraints, this would exacerbate workers' disadvantaged position; the other view holds that algorithms are an important condition for platforms to improve the efficiency of supply-demand matching and optimize resource allocation, and that overly specific legal regulation could affect the normal management and technological innovation of business entities. China's relevant institutional arrangements emphasize taking everything into account and balancing different interests (统筹兼顾, tong chou jian gu - "unite, take into account; all, consider"), respecting both the autonomy of business entities in employment management and, in response to the characteristics of algorithms—rapid iteration, difficulty of comprehension, and wide-ranging impact—building a multi-level governance structure. Specifically, platform enterprises and their cooperative enterprises are required to strengthen self-management and mutual supervision, while attention is also paid to safeguarding workers' right to know and right to participate, and to giving play to the supervisory role of trade unions; at the same time, through administrative review, judicial adjudication, and social supervision, algorithmic rules are pushed to become more transparent, fair, and accountable. These measures reflect an institutional balance between safeguarding workers' legitimate rights and interests and maintaining the normal operational order of platforms.
The issue of labor intensity among workers in new forms of employment frequently becomes a social focus, and its root cause lies in the fact that traditional models for controlling labor intensity cannot be directly applied. The labor law's measures to prevent worker overwork are primarily based on working hours, namely stipulating maximum daily and weekly working hours, strictly restricting overtime, and ensuring workers have at least one day of rest per week. However, the labor of most workers in new forms of employment is performed on an order-by-order basis: during the order-taking and delivery phase, labor intensity is relatively high, while during the waiting-for-orders and standby phase, there is relative leisure, and the time spent delivering orders and waiting cannot be simply added together. This makes working hours difficult to calculate, and the traditional working hours system difficult to apply directly. Faced with this problem, China's institutional exploration has not forcibly applied the legal regulation of daily and weekly working hours, but has instead explored measures for controlling labor intensity suited to new forms of employment, namely focusing on the order-taking and service phases where labor intensity is higher, requiring platforms to reasonably determine delivery time limits, task volumes, and assessment standards based on objective conditions; and extending the focus of regulation from daily and weekly working hours to within the working day, requiring platforms to ensure that workers receive necessary rest after being continuously online for a certain period. On this basis, the Draft for Comments incorporates working time, labor intensity, and rest into basic labor rights and interests. Considering that some phenomena of excessive labor are related to workers' desire to increase income, the relevant rules, while upholding the principle of more pay for more work and giving play to the role of economic incentives, focus primarily on constraining platforms from inducing excessive order-taking, gradually guiding the formation of reasonable work and rest arrangements.
Workers in new forms of employment face risks of occupational injuries such as traffic accidents, and the original system cannot fully meet the protection needs for such risks. The main institutions under the law for responding to occupational injury risks are work-related injury insurance and commercial insurance. Although the work-related injury insurance system is relatively complete, it requires the existence of a labor relationship as a condition for participation, and most workers in new forms of employment are not covered, while also facing challenges such as administrative efficiency. Although commercial insurance is relatively flexible, its protection conditions and levels depend on the bargaining between platforms and insurers, and its stability and certainty are inferior to those of work-related injury insurance. In response, China has combined the strengths of the two systems to establish a dedicated occupational injury protection system for workers in new forms of employment (hereinafter referred to as the new occupational injury protection system). The new occupational injury protection system draws on the mature experience of work-related injury insurance in areas such as injury determination and protection benefits, while breaking through the fixed mindset that ties work-related injury insurance to labor relationships, covering all workers without a labor relationship, fixing the contribution obligation on the platform side, and implementing per-order contribution payment. In response to the problem of insufficient administrative capacity, the new occupational injury protection system has also introduced commercial insurance companies to strengthen administrative work, granting platforms substantive obligations to assist in verification, thereby improving claims settlement efficiency. After pilot implementation, the new occupational injury protection system is being steadily extended to platforms of various scales across all regions and industries nationwide, and the Draft for Comments also incorporates the new occupational injury protection system. This institutional exploration is moving toward standardization and has also accumulated practical experience for improving the social insurance system for workers in new forms of employment.
Dispute resolution between workers in new forms of employment and management has characteristics distinct from traditional forms of employment. In the past, labor disputes were mostly concentrated on matters such as resignation, wage arrears, and social insurance, whereas workers in new forms of employment are subject to platform management, and management measures such as account cancellation, banning, and demotion often become important causes of disputes. Traditional labor disputes typically occur between employers and workers, whereas workers in new forms of employment are often simultaneously subject to the management of both platforms and their cooperative partners, making the boundaries of responsibility relatively complex. At the same time, workers in new forms of employment are highly mobile and have relatively unstable income, placing higher demands on the efficiency of dispute resolution. The Draft for Comments makes targeted arrangements in this regard, namely incorporating the types of disputes with high incidence in platform employment into the scope of regulatory adjustment, clarifying the division of responsibilities between platforms and cooperative partners; where workers in new forms of employment raise objections to labor remuneration, working hours, performance assessment, account bans, and the like, enterprises shall verify and handle them and provide a manual reply within 48 hours. In implementing the relevant institutional arrangements, attention should also be paid to drawing on the experience of labor dispute resolution, strengthening trade union supervision, giving play to the role of mediation in resolving disputes at the front end, and promoting the formation of a more convenient and efficient dispute resolution mechanism.
Return to TopBy: 石魏
Among the various forms of telecommunications and internet fraud, "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud has become one of the currently most prevalent and most harmful types. Unlike traditional random probing fraud, "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud is highly organized and process-driven. Criminal gangs build hierarchical organizational systems, refine professional roles such as traffic generation, scripted persuasion, risk control, and money laundering, and rely on fixed fraud script templates to target groups including students, middle-aged and elderly investors, and working professionals, implementing a closed-loop fraud process of "precise traffic generation, trust building, psychological pressure, isolation and control, induced transfers, and fund laundering," overall presenting characteristics of scripted persuasion patterns, role specialization, industrialized processes, chained fund flows, and refined collaboration.
In response to "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud, research and assessment can be strengthened from three dimensions—technology, behavioral patterns, and fund chains—to achieve precise identification and early warning. First, at the technical level, the main marker of "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud is the standardized, templated set of fraud scripts; there already exist fixed "script" systems such as fake task rebates, impersonation of police and prosecutors, customer service refunds, false investment and wealth management, and romance "pig-butchering" scams, which typically proceed through fixed steps of establishing initial contact via traffic generation on online platforms, fabricating identities to win trust, creating panic or expectations of high returns, forcibly isolating victims, precisely inducing transfers, and rapidly laundering funds. As online media channels iterate and upgrade, fraud traffic-generation scenarios have shifted from traditional SMS and landline phones to traffic-dense scenarios such as short-video platforms, social software, gaming communities, and e-commerce comment sections, significantly enhancing the concealment of criminal activity. At the same time, fraud gangs typically deceive and induce victims to maintain strict secrecy, refrain from informing relatives and friends, enable screen sharing, download remote-control software, and refuse offline verification. The traces of such operations are important clues for technical identification and early warning. Second, at the behavioral-pattern level, "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud presents highly unified collective, routinized behavioral characteristics. On the surface, multiple unrelated actors, such as "customer service," "police," "mentors," and "group members," successively and cumulatively voice statements around the same matter within a short period, mutually "corroborating" each other, continuously reinforcing the credibility of the false scenario, and ultimately all pointing to the same objective—guiding the victim away from official legitimate transaction and rights-protection channels and toward handling funds through unconventional means such as private transfers and online remittances. Third, at the fund-chain flow level, fund flows in "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud present typical characteristics of rapid inflow and outflow, multi-level splitting and aggregation, concentrated nighttime transfers, and cross-account linked coordination, and often use virtual currencies and multi-layer anonymous intermediary accounts to sever fund tracing paths. In practice, cross-comparison analysis can be conducted by integrating communications data, device data, and account transaction data; when behaviors such as isolation verification, forced secrecy, remote control, and private transfers appear densely within a short period and jointly point to the objective of depriving victims of independent judgment and transferring control of funds, it is highly likely to be typical "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud.
In response to "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud crimes, coordinated efforts can be made from four dimensions—precise identification, tiered punishment, recovery of stolen funds, and source prevention—to build a comprehensive, systematic governance system.
First, establish a standardized identification system to enhance the ability to identify the modus operandi of "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud. In practice, "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud relies on fixed script templates to form a replicable, process-driven deception system. In this regard, judicial authorities should expand their identification approach from screening for single anomalous behaviors to holistic analysis of complete fraud patterns, systematically cataloging typical fraud "scripts" of various types, distilling common modus operandi, and precisely locking onto "scripted" fraud patterns. They may, together with relevant departments, issue work guidelines or normative documents for handling "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud cases, accompanied by the release of typical cases, clarifying the review points in such cases regarding fact determination, evidence collection and preservation, and application of law. At the same time, improve information-sharing, lead-transfer, and joint consultation and assessment mechanisms with financial, telecommunications, and other departments, promote the formation of unified, operable case-handling standards, and effectively resolve the governance difficulties posed by the strong concealment and early-stage identification difficulty of such crimes.
Second, implement the criminal policy of applying both leniency and severity in criminal policy (宽严相济, kuan yan xiang ji - "wide, strict, mutually assist"), and implement the requirements of tiered handling and precise targeting. In accordance with the provisions and spirit of the Anti-Telecommunications and Internet Fraud Law of the People's Republic of China and relevant judicial interpretations and normative documents, cases of telecommunications and internet fraud crimes should be handled with differentiated treatment based on the specific circumstances of each case, comprehensively considering the perpetrator's hierarchical position, role in participation, subjective malice, and degree of social harm, so as to be lenient where leniency is due and severe where severity is due, applying both leniency and severity, and ensuring the punishment fits the crime (罚当其罪, fa dang qi zui - "punish, should, its, crime"). "Scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud crimes feature highly refined division of labor, with dens mostly set up overseas and coordinated division of work, and are characterized by pronounced cross-regional and technology-driven features; due to limitations of judicial jurisdiction, cross-border evidence collection, and international cooperation, case investigation faces considerable resistance. In this regard, the leniency system for admitting guilt and accepting punishment should be fully applied, encouraging involved personnel to voluntarily surrender, truthfully confess, provide leads on upstream and downstream crimes, and cooperate in tracing and recovering stolen funds, leveraging policy incentives to promote full-chain case resolution. In the application of penalties, adhere to tiered handling and targeted measures, focusing on severe punishment of principal offenders such as organizers, planners, script-persuasion core members, and fund operators; impose heavier penalties in accordance with law on those with deep subjective malice, long-term involvement, and enormous illegal gains; and handle leniently in accordance with law those who are first-time offenders, occasional offenders, coerced participants, those at lower levels, those with short participation periods, and those with smaller gains, avoiding over-broad targeting and imbalance between severity and leniency, and achieving precise, standardized punishment.
Third, build a refined compensation mechanism, coordinating crime punishment with protection of victims' rights and interests. Recovery of stolen funds is one of the important objectives in handling telecommunications and internet fraud cases and a key measure for resolving social conflicts and achieving judicial fairness. To further standardize compensation work and unify adjudication standards, a tiered compensation system with clear rights and responsibilities and multi-dimensional consideration should be established. First, based on the different charges involved—such as fraud, aiding information network criminal activities, and concealing or disguising criminal proceeds—and in light of the perpetrator's position in the criminal chain, delineate compensation liability boundaries in accordance with law to ensure proportionality between culpability and responsibility. Second, comprehensively consider circumstances such as the perpetrator's organizational level, degree of participation, duration of criminal activity, actual gains, and attitude toward returning stolen goods, abandoning a "one-size-fits-all" accountability model and achieving individualized, precise allocation of responsibility. Third, uphold both punishment of crime and protection of rights, relying on mechanisms for freezing of involved funds, emergency payment suspension, and source-based return to recover victims' property losses to the greatest extent possible.
Finally, strengthen targeted legal education and source supervision, building a solid front-end governance defense line. Anti-fraud governance prioritizes source prevention. Judicial authorities should establish normalized, audience-segmented anti-fraud publicity mechanisms, relying on methods such as explaining the law through cases, and precisely delivering prevention knowledge about corresponding fraud "scripts" to groups including the elderly, school students, and wage earners, enhancing the public's ability to recognize, prevent, and resist fraud. At the same time, fully leverage the role of the 96110 early-warning and persuasion hotline, guiding the public to promptly answer warning calls, terminate suspicious transfers, and report to authorities and request payment suspension immediately after being defrauded. In addition, further improve personal information protection mechanisms and severely crack down on the black and gray industries of illegally obtaining, leaking, and trading personal information. In particular, consolidate the primary responsibility of payment platforms, improve functions such as large-amount warnings, delayed transfers, and interception of unfamiliar accounts, and compress the breeding space for "scripted" telecommunications and internet fraud at the source.
Return to TopBy: 王世录 赵中玉
Upholding the Party's leadership and strengthening Party building are the glorious traditions of China's state-owned enterprises, and constitute their "root" and "soul." In recent years, state-owned enterprises have adhered to systematic thinking and systematic advancement, actively exploring effective paths for high-quality Party building to lead and guarantee high-quality development by tackling prominent problems such as the fragmentation of grassroots Party building and the "two separate skins" phenomenon between Party building and business operations. The Party Committee of State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company (hereinafter referred to as Gansu Electric Power) has constructed a "Four Types, Four Transformations" Party building work system, deeply cultivating the "Bright Longyuan" characteristic practice, providing a beneficial exploration for state-owned enterprises to empower corporate governance with high-quality Party building.
Grasp the internal logic and embed the Party's leadership into modern corporate governance. Embed the Party's leadership into the top-level design of corporate governance. Adhere to placing political construction first, strictly implement the "First Agenda Item" system, establish a full-chain closed-loop management mechanism of "learning—research—implementation—supervision—feedback," and promote the transformation of the Party's innovative theories into corporate strategic planning and major decisions. Dynamically improve the "1+N" governance system, promote the inclusion of Party building in the company charter, continuously and dynamically update the list of major operational and management matters for the Party Committee's prior research and discussion, and ensure the Party's leadership position institutionally, organizationally, and procedurally, achieving "being in place without overstepping, exercising oversight without doing things on behalf of others." Gansu Electric Power and all its independent legal entity enterprises have completed the inclusion of Party building in their charters.
Integrate theoretical arming into daily and regular work. Improve the long-term learning mechanism, construct a the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan (五位一体) central group learning model of "individual self-study + collective learning + focused discussion + special tutoring + special research," continuously consolidate and expand the learning and education achievements of establishing and practicing a correct view of political achievements, guide Party members and cadres to enhance political identity, ideological identity, theoretical identity, and emotional identity, and achieve a deepening leap from "understanding and mastering" to "applying what is learned." Party committees at all levels of Gansu Electric Power have held 112 reading classes, conducted more than 5,550 seminar exchanges, and delivered more than 1,580 special Party lectures by team members and Party organization secretaries.
Solve the integration problem and transform the Party's political and organizational advantages into developmental advantages. The vitality of Party building work lies in integrating into the center and serving the overall situation. Demonstrate responsibility in serving national strategies. Actively integrate into major strategies such as the "dual carbon" goals and ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin. Gansu Electric Power leads the green and low-carbon energy transformation with Party building; the Gansu-to-Shandong power transmission line has been completed and put into operation, the Gansu-to-Zhejiang line is under accelerated construction, the Gansu-to-Sichuan line has been approved and started construction, cross-provincial and cross-regional transmission capacity exceeds 46 million kilowatts, and green electricity is delivered to 26 provinces across the country.
Test the quality in urgent, difficult, dangerous, and heavy tasks. Establish a Party building-led normalized mechanism for ensuring supply and emergency response, guiding the broad masses of Party members to take on responsibilities with courage and determination (挺膺担当, ting ying dang dang - "straighten chest, undertake responsibility") and charge forward. In response to the Jishishan earthquake, Gansu Electric Power restored power supply to affected residents in only 18 hours; in major tests such as peak summer demand and disaster relief, it established 1,037 Party member responsibility zones and demonstration posts. The "Electric Doctor" Party member scientific and technological research team continues to tackle frontier fields such as new energy monitoring and wind and solar power forecasting.
Deepen the foundation in serving the people. State-owned enterprises must always stand firmly on the people's side. Gansu Electric Power conscientiously practices the corporate purpose of "people's electricity for the people," deeply promotes "Three Zeros" and "Three Provinces" services, reduces residential electricity application time by 80%, reduces complaints across all channels by 34% year-on-year, has been rated "excellent" in provincial assistance work for nine consecutive years, and as the only central enterprise stationed in Gansu was awarded the national advanced collective in the battle against poverty, using first-class power supply services to build a "bridge of hearts" connecting the Party with the masses.
Accumulate momentum and empowerment in consolidating the grassroots foundation. Adhere to the clear orientation of focusing on the grassroots, optimize the establishment of grassroots Party organizations, and ensure comprehensive coverage of Party organizations and work. Uphold the principle of "Party building as the foundation, technology as the tool," deepen the construction of the "digital and intelligent Party building" platform, achieve traceable organizational life, quantifiable Party member roles, and assessable Party building effectiveness, greatly streamline grassroots ledgers and report forms, allowing Party affairs personnel to free up more energy for integration, service, and tackling key tasks, and promoting grassroots Party building to leap from "basically qualified" to "comprehensively excellent."
Forge an excellent team, using the "key minority" to drive the "overwhelming majority." The success or failure of a cause depends on people. State-owned enterprises should regard the ideological and political construction of leadership teams as an important task in managing the Party and the enterprise, striving to forge excellent leadership teams with good political quality, good development performance, good innovation effectiveness, good Party building role, and good work style and image. Adhere to the correct orientation for selecting and employing people, and coordinate the "selection, education, management, and use" of cadres. Gansu Electric Power has optimized and adjusted its cadres; among the principal heads of headquarters departments and business divisions, those with experience as third-level principal at the grassroots level account for 92.3%, and the age structure, professional structure, and source structure of the leadership team continue to be optimized.
Focus on strengthening the "three teams." Implement the "leading goose" project for branch secretaries, construct an evaluation index system for the performance capabilities of branch secretaries, and build a team of branch leaders who are "three understandings, three abilities, and three excellences"; cooperate with universities to conduct training for Party affairs personnel; strengthen education and training for Party member teams, so that the broad masses of Party members can be seen in ordinary times, stand out at critical moments, and step forward in times of crisis. Adhere to the combination of strict management and care, and comprehensively advance full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Gansu Electric Power has built the "Clean Gansu Electric Power, Integrity for Long-term Progress" integrity education base, deepened the construction of the "Silk Road Red Integrity" integrity culture, integrated the promotion of not daring to be corrupt, not being able to be corrupt, and not wanting to be corrupt, and safeguarded the enterprise's making steady progress toward long-term success (行稳致远, xing wen zhi yuan - "walk steadily, reach far") with a clean ecology.
Deepen the understanding of laws and patterns, making characteristic practices replicable and promotable. The practical explorations of state-owned enterprises such as Gansu Electric Power have deepened the understanding of the laws and patterns of Party building work in state-owned enterprises in the new era. First, systematic construction is an important path for improving the quality of Party building. Only by adhering to the integrated efforts of standardization, normalization, professionalization, and digitalization can grassroots Party building be promoted to transform from "point-based compliance" to "systematic operation," and from "passive implementation" to "active quality improvement." Second, integrated creation is the key starting point for Party building leadership. Only by connecting the creation of various types of Party organizations and breaking down fragmentation can grassroots Party building move from "single-point excellence" to "comprehensive excellence across the entire domain." Third, characteristic construction is the highlight of Party building work. Based on red resources and industry missions, create characteristic carriers, making brands such as "Good Branch under the Huining Conference Tower," "Electric Camels in Camel City," and "Bright Nanniwan" warm and recognizable, making Party building work have both political height, industry warmth, and regional characteristics. Fourth, the deep integration of Party building with production and operation is a pragmatic measure. Only by transforming the Party's political and organizational advantages into corporate advantages in tackling difficulties and development can the stubborn problem of "two separate skins" between Party building and business be solved, making Party building work truly become the "red engine" driving high-quality development.
(Author's affiliation: State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company)
Return to TopBy: 杜将武
The Party committee of Huadian Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Huadian Coal Industry) regards studying and implementing Xi Jinping's thought on Party building as a major political task, firmly grasps the core essence of the Fourteen Commitments (十四个坚持), adheres to taking the Party's political construction as the lead, fully integrates the Party's leadership into the entire process of corporate governance, energy supply guarantee, scientific and technological innovation, and deepening reform, and effectively transforms the Party's political and organizational advantages into the enterprise's competitive and developmental advantages.
Uphold the Party's overall leadership and keep the political direction of state-owned enterprise development on course. The Party committee of Huadian Coal Industry has always placed the Party's political construction first, strictly implemented the "first agenda item" system, continuously deepened theoretical arming, and constantly improved the political judgment, political comprehension, and political execution of Party members and cadres. It has implemented the "two adherences throughout," promoting the deep integration of the Party's leadership with the modern enterprise system. It has improved the leadership system of "two-way entry and cross-appointment," implemented the requirement of incorporating Party building work into the company charter, refined the list of major operational and management matters for prior deliberation by Party organizations, clarified the boundaries of authority and responsibility between the Party committee's role of "setting the direction, managing the overall situation, and ensuring implementation" and the board of directors and the management layer, and improved the "three major and one large" decision-making and operation mechanism. In view of the characteristics of many mixed-ownership enterprises and wide cross-regional distribution, it has improved an organizational responsibility chain that is vertically connected and horizontally covered, ensuring that wherever the enterprise's operations extend, the Party's work covers there. Bearing in mind the "great affairs of the state," it has transformed the Party Central Committee's various arrangements on energy supply guarantee, green transformation, and state-owned enterprise reform into the enterprise's strategic planning, annual tasks, and project lists, ensuring that the enterprise's major decisions always advance in the direction guided by the Party Central Committee.
Build a strong and tight organizational system and consolidate the fighting fortress for serving production and operation. Continue to consolidate the foundation of grassroots Party building, promote the layer-by-layer transmission of Party building responsibility, and release organizational vitality into every link of the industrial chain. Centering on urgent, difficult, dangerous, and heavy tasks such as energy supply guarantee, safe production, intelligent construction, and green mine creation, extensively set up Party member pioneer posts, Party member responsibility zones, and Party member commando teams, create excellent projects led by secretaries in tackling key problems, and promote the joint building of Party organizations to extend from within the enterprise to the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. Facing the major political task of energy supply guarantee, grassroots Party organizations at all levels have led the broad masses of Party members and employees to charge ahead, successfully completing various supply guarantee tasks during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, strongly supporting the coal demand of power generation and heating enterprises, and being rated as "China's Outstanding Contributor to Coal Supply Guarantee" for many consecutive years. Adhere to the deep integration of Party building and safe production, promote Party members to take the lead in investigating hidden dangers and standing guard at high-risk operation sites, and compact the safety control requirements onto teams, shifts, and posts. Deepen two-way transformation, and promote Party members to show their identity and take the lead in technological tackling and quality and efficiency improvement.
Forge a high-quality cadre and talent team and activate endogenous momentum. The Party committee of Huadian Coal Industry regards talent as the first resource driving scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading. Strictly enforce the political gate in cadre selection and appointment, implement the standards for good cadres in the new era, improve the whole-chain mechanism for cadre selection, education, management, and use, strengthen ideological tempering, political training, practical exercise, and professional training, optimize the age and professional structure of the cadre team, and forge a professional leadership team that is politically sound, understands business, is good at management, and dares to take responsibility. Improve the cultivation system for scientific and technological talent echelons, build a hierarchical and classified expert talent cultivation mechanism, implement the "project system + chief expert" scientific research tackling model, and make good use of the two paths of full-time introduction and flexible talent attraction. Attach great importance to the construction of the industrial worker force, implement the employee quality improvement project, build the "Intelligent Chain" craftsman academy, and regularly carry out skill competitions. Adhere to taking major scientific research projects as the platform, promote the deep integration of the talent chain, innovation chain, and industrial chain, carry out key technological tackling around intelligent mines, special mining equipment, and low-carbon governance of mining areas. The mine explosion-proof transport robot has been selected into the fifth batch of the National Energy Administration's first (set) major technical equipment list in the energy field and has achieved mass production. The "space-air-ground-deep-time" Five-Sphere Integrated Plan (五位一体) monitoring system has been implemented and achieved results, accumulating strong momentum for cultivating and developing new quality productive forces.
Adhere to governing the Party by institutions and regulations, and persistently advance full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. The Party committee of Huadian Coal Industry has compacted and tightened the primary responsibility for Party management and Party governance, and deployed, advanced, and assessed full and rigorous self-governance of the Party together with production and operation. Continue to deepen the special action to deepen and upgrade state-owned enterprise reform, anchor the goal of building a first-class energy enterprise, adhere to the two-way joint force of reform tackling and institutional construction, promote the establishment, amendment, and abolition of institutions, improve the full-lifecycle management of institutions, and transform institutional advantages into governance efficiency, being rated as a benchmark of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission's "Double Hundred Enterprises" for three consecutive years. Tighten the internal control and risk control system, accelerate the construction of a penetrating supervision platform, focus on key areas such as engineering construction and material procurement to improve the risk prevention and control mechanism, and strengthen supervision and restraint over the "key minority" and key positions. Deepen the creation of "Three Clean" enterprises, do a solid job in the "second half of the article" of inspection, patrol, and audit rectification, and adhere to promoting reform through case handling and promoting governance through case handling. Carry out work style and capability construction, unswervingly persevering (锲而不舍, qie er bu she - "bite, and, not, stop") in rectifying the Four Malfeasances (四风), continuously reduce burdens at the grassroots level, keep a close eye on the operation of micro power, and promote the extension of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party to the grassroots level.
Stand firmly on the people's standpoint and actively fulfill the mission and responsibility of a central energy enterprise. The Party committee of Huadian Coal Industry adheres to the people-centered development thought. Deeply implement the employee care project, solve employees' urgent, difficult, and anxious problems with heart and feeling, safeguard employees' legitimate rights and interests, and continuously enhance employees' sense of gain, happiness, and security. Based on the advantages of the entire coal, electricity, road, port, shipping, and aviation industrial chain, coordinate energy supply guarantee, green transformation, and local coordinated development, actively connect with local economic and social development needs, and take the initiative in ensuring energy, stabilizing employment, promoting revitalization, and protecting ecology, demonstrating the mission and responsibility of a state-owned energy enterprise.
(The author is the deputy chief engineer of China Huadian Corporation Ltd., and the Party committee secretary and chairman of Huadian Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd.)
Return to TopSince the beginning of 2026, Fengxian District of Shanghai has seized the opening of the 15th Five-Year Plan to attract and cultivate talent, building a whole-chain talent work system, striving to forge a talent team that matches the modern industrial system and the vibrant new city, and accelerating the construction of the South Shanghai talent highland.
Strengthen overall planning and management, and continue to build a "new pattern" for talent work. Adhere to planning leadership. Formulate the "Xiancai 520" plan, focusing on regional functional positioning and industrial layout, forming a 520 series indicator system, engineering actions, and Xiancai brand, and drawing up the construction blueprint and roadmap for talent development during the 15th Five-Year Plan. Strengthen dynamic implementation, focusing on 5 first-level indicators including talent resources and talent platforms, and 20 second-level indicators, decomposing annual goals year by year, implementing on a rolling basis with dynamic management. Clarify key tasks, launching 24 key work items across 8 aspects including industry-talent linkage and industry talent team building, decomposing them quarterly to form a list of key projects, ensuring all tasks are implemented in detail.
Strengthen investigation and research. Carry out special surveys, conducting research among new city residents, key industry talent, and teachers and students of universities in Fengxian, distributing more than 5,000 questionnaires, holding 33 symposiums, and analyzing 29 cases, forming a "1+3+29" research report collection. Promote the transformation of results, issuing "five million" policies including the "One Million Square Meters Youth Talent Housing" initiative, recognizing 20 housing source projects and promoting the implementation of 111 industrial projects; closely focusing on high-frequency scenarios and key small matters in talent work and life, launching 45 supporting measures across "five facilitation" areas including transportation and health.
Deepen the management of the "five lists." The responsibility list, based on departmental "three fixed" provisions, further clarifies responsible matters and annual work projects, strengthening departmental responsibility coordination. The project list, combined with the district's four major characteristic industry tackling actions, sorts out 120 key industry-talent linkage projects, deeply embedding core indicators for talent attraction and cultivation. The talent attraction list locks in 531 key enterprises and 4,277 talent demands, achieving precise matching online and offline on a regular basis. The policy list integrates 19 policies covering industry, science and innovation, and talent, promoting deep coupling between policy supply and enterprise talent demand. The support list integrates four types of spaces including research sharing, entrepreneurship offices, activity services, and housing property, compiling the "Xianju Space 2.0."
Seize the "four seas platform" and continue to build a "strong magnetic field" for attracting and gathering talent. Rely on the "South Shanghai Science and Innovation Center" to attract and cultivate talent. Select 100 new "Binhai Xiancai" individuals, strongly supporting regional scientific and technological innovation. Compile a catalog of urgently needed and scarce talent, publishing shortage position catalogs for four major characteristic industries including beauty and big health, and green new energy, achieving targeted talent attraction. Implement the "South Shanghai Science and Innovation Sixteen Measures," promoting the cultivation of 55 national-level specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative "little giant" enterprises, 2,012 high-tech enterprises, and 81 academician (expert) workstations.
Make every effort to build the returnee town. Deeply advance the "Thousand Returnee Entrepreneurs Dream Fulfillment Plan," collecting 1,012 entrepreneurial dreams from more than 30 countries and regions worldwide, following up "one-on-one" on 371 roadshow projects and 40 projects with landing potential. Accelerate the implementation of the "Six Measures for Returnees" policy, promoting the proportion of returnee-founded enterprises in the park to reach 95% and introducing 331 returnee talents. Build a one-stop service complex for returnee talents, sorting out the first batch of a one-stop service item list covering 4 major categories and 45 items for returnee talents.
Deeply cultivate the "Hai Ju Ying Cai" competition and conference. Successfully host the sub-competition of the Sixth "Hai Ju Ying Cai" Competition, collecting 976 projects, a year-on-year increase of 12.3%. Establish a whole-process coordination mechanism before, during, and after the competition, sorting out 400 key projects. Hold training camp activities, organizing 50 contestants to receive training on project polishing and innovation empowerment, assisting in optimizing business logic, profit and pricing models, etc., providing solid support for project implementation.
Link up with the resources of the "South Shanghai University Innovation Community." Establish a "six ones" working mechanism for school-local science and innovation collaboration, clarifying 12 key goals and tasks for science and innovation collaboration, forming 37 lists of enterprise technology demands and 943 lists of university scientific and technological achievements. Jointly attract talent and intelligence online and offline, holding a series of activities including the 2026 South Shanghai Talent Exchange and Recruitment, promoting the introduction of 7,596 new talents.
Seize brand building and continue to enhance the "reputation" of the Xiancai business card. Build a Xiancai activity system. Create the Xiancheng talent activity IP, holding a series of "5·20 Xiancai Day" activities, carrying out 26 events including the opening ceremony, themed activities, and supporting activities, promoting the transition from "Xiancai Day" to "Xiancai Month," making showing respect to and seeking out talented people (求贤敬贤, qiu xian jing xian - "seek, talented; respect, talented") an important part of the "Xianmei Culture." Release a series of Xiancai positions, coordinating with relevant departments to collectively launch more than 5,000 youth employment internship and practical training positions. Increase brand publicity efforts, carrying out 9 special reports on the entrepreneurial and innovative struggle stories of the annual figures of the South Shanghai talent highland in Fengxian, vigorously creating a strong atmosphere of "Fengxian loves talent, talent loves Fengxian."
Improve the Xiancai service system. Optimize "AI Xiaoxian · Inquiry and Handling," integrating more than 100 policy service items in areas such as talent settlement and housing security, serving more than 64,000 person-times cumulatively, promoting intelligent guidance for talent policy handling. Build a Xiancai station service network, forming a "1+13+N" structure with district-level hub type, street-town support type, and regional characteristic type, allowing talent to enjoy integrated services conveniently nearby. Compile the Xiancai Station Construction Guidelines (Trial), exploring the creation of a batch of "five-type" Xiancai stations in parks, campuses, communities, neighborhoods, and rural maker spaces, promoting "face-to-face" talent services.
Optimize the Xiancai housing system. Focus on "quality rental," providing different types of talent such as those coming to Fengxian for internships and practical training, job hunting and applications, and employment and entrepreneurship with a tiered rental guarantee of "zero cost for 1 year, preferential housing for 3 years, and light expenditure for 5 years." Focus on "quality purchase," building a preferential policy system of "individual talent purchase + enterprise group purchase," establishing a high-quality housing source library, and supporting talent in settling and purchasing homes in Fengxian. Focus on "quality living," building a "15-minute living circle" for talent, piloting the creation of characteristic talent communities such as Yuwen Garden, and issuing "Xianlai Wuyou" premium cards to outstanding talent, making life better for talent in Fengxian.
(Fengxian District Talent Work Bureau, Shanghai)
Return to TopBy: 阳扬 吕勇
East-West collaboration is a major strategic deployment by the Party Central Committee to promote coordinated regional development and advance common prosperity. In recent years, Tiandong County of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has firmly seized the opportunities presented by Guangdong-Guangxi collaboration, especially the paired assistance from Shenzhen's Pingshan District, focusing on key links such as industrial collaboration, market collaboration, and institutional collaboration, to resolve the structural difficulties of "abundant resources but weak industry" and "small farmers finding it hard to connect with the big market," exploring a path of county-level revitalization that deeply couples the eastern region's market, technology, and capital advantages with the western region's ecological and labor resources.
Strengthening the guiding role of market standards, moving from "mountain goods" to "Bay Area products." East-West collaboration empowering county-level industry is not simply about "giving money and projects"; the key is "giving standards and access." The introduction of market standards is, in essence, using market-based means to force change at the production end, driving the fundamental transformation of western industry from "selling whatever is planted" to "producing whatever the market demands."
For a long time, western agriculture has faced the dilemma of "having good products but no good prices," the root cause being the mismatch between production standards and market demand. Tiandong County has proactively connected with Shenzhen's "Zhenpin" certification system, and at present the county has certified 13 "Zhenpin" products and 12 "Gangpin" products, and has built demonstration bases for supplying agricultural products to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and for export. The "Zhenpin" certification may appear to be a simple market access label, but in essence it is a whole-chain quality control system covering everything from planting, picking, sorting, and packaging to cold-chain transportation. Shenzhen standards have forced a change in traditional extensive production methods: fruit farmers fertilize and apply pesticides according to standards, cooperatives grade and package according to standards, and enterprises have established whole-process traceability systems.
Under the guidance of market standards, collaboration funds have been precisely invested in weak links of the industrial chain such as cold-chain warehousing, deep processing, and brand marketing, pushing the industry to extend toward both ends of the "smile curve." Guangdong-Guangxi collaboration has invested nearly 90 million yuan of paired assistance funds to build a whole mango industry chain, equipped with standardized workshops and large cold-chain facilities, introduced and cultivated multiple deep-processing enterprises, with an annual fresh fruit processing capacity exceeding 100,000 tons, enabling mangoes to achieve a value leap from "sold by the jin" to "sold by the gram." At the same time, leveraging Shenzhen's digital economy and platform advantages, Tiandong County has cultivated e-commerce associations and "new farmer" livestreaming teams, turning mobile phones into new farm tools and livestreaming into new farming work, effectively breaking through the constraints of information asymmetry and short circulation radius, expanding the sales radius from the region to the whole country.
Building a benefit-sharing mechanism, moving from "short-term assistance" to "long-term mutual benefit." Whether external resources can be transformed into endogenous momentum depends on whether an institutional channel is established that allows the masses to benefit continuously. The main body of rural revitalization is the farmers; only when farmers are deeply involved in and share the value-added benefits can endogenous momentum be stimulated.
Through the organizational model of "enterprise + cooperative + farmer," Tiandong County has built a close benefit-sharing mechanism, turning farmers from "bystanders" into "participants" and "beneficiaries." Multiple park enterprises have established stable cooperation with more than 50 mango planting professional cooperatives, driving farmers to increase production and income. The Zhenmang Planting and Breeding Professional Cooperative has promoted standardized planting, with the highest per-mu yield reaching 1.3 tons. The mango industry covers 108 administrative villages in 10 townships across the county, providing employment for more than 30,000 rural laborers.
The collaboration mechanism has given rise to the growth of diverse business entities, enabling farmers not only to obtain operating income but also to share the value-added benefits from the processing and sales links. The county e-commerce association has driven more than 300 e-commerce businesses and more than 3,000 online shops to expand online, leading surrounding farmers to carry out standardized planting and order-based sales. Agricultural-tourism integrated formats such as Mango Town and picking experiences have driven the development of supporting industries such as catering and homestays. Every additional link in the industrial chain adds one more fulcrum for increasing the masses' income.
Relying on collaborative innovation, moving from "one-way giving" to "two-way engagement." High-quality regional collaboration relies on continuous innovation in optimizing the efficiency of regional resource allocation and reducing cross-regional transaction costs. Effectively reducing transaction costs through Guangdong-Guangxi collaboration to achieve complementary regional advantages and mutually beneficial outcomes (互利共赢, hu li gong ying - "mutual, benefit; together, win") is precisely the micro-level practice of building the unified national market and promoting coordinated regional development.
Tiandong County insists on incorporating Guangdong-Guangxi collaboration into the overall county development framework, and through project-based advancement, list-based management, and responsibility-based implementation, integrates collaboration resources into the entire process of industrial development. Shenzhen enterprises have come to Tiandong County to invest in factories and build standardized raw material bases, effectively optimizing production costs and expanding the space for industrial development, while continuously supplying more high-quality and safe green agricultural products to the Greater Bay Area market. At the 2025 Baise Mango Production and Marketing Matchmaking Conference, on-site contract signing reached 310 million yuan, promoting the export of products such as mango popsicles and freeze-dried mangoes to Russia, Kazakhstan, and other places, with 2025 export value exceeding 50 million yuan.
The sustainability of collaboration centers on shaping a positive cycle of "market incentives—main body response—government guidance." Relying on stable raw material supply and cost advantages, eastern enterprises continue to deepen their industries; as incomes steadily rise, western masses actively participate in production and operation; the government focuses on precise matching of supply and demand and continuously optimizes and improves institutional supply. Building a pattern of mutually beneficial outcomes in which eastern enterprises increase efficiency and western farmers increase income is the essential meaning of promoting coordinated regional development.
A single mango bears witness to the deep bond between mountains and sea, and also bears witness to the power of collaboration. The practice of Tiandong County fully demonstrates that the key to East-West collaboration lies in "empowerment" rather than "substitution," in "blood-making" rather than "blood-transfusion." When collaboration resources are deeply embedded in the industrial chain, market mechanisms are introduced into the production end, and the interests of the masses are linked to the value-added chain, East-West collaboration is no longer a simple stacking of funds and projects, but undergoes a profound "chemical reaction," releasing surging momentum for rural revitalization.
〔Author affiliation: Party School (School of Administration) of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Party Committee〕
Return to TopBy: 王毅
On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March, the major revolutionary historical drama The Great Long March is enjoying a hot broadcast. The drama's ratings have set a new high for works of the same genre in recent years. Young viewers following the drama and discussing it heatedly has become a striking cultural phenomenon. Why can a work telling the story of history from 90 years ago establish a deep connection with today's young people? The reason lies in the fact that it responds to the questions that concern contemporary young people. What the younger generation is following is not merely the drama, but the answers to questions; what they gain from this history is not merely emotion, but a historical judgment and historical understanding built on objective historical facts. The value of The Great Long March lies precisely in the fact that, through rigorous historical narration, it participates in the formation of contemporary young people's historical literacy.
Why did the Long March set out
Today, young students often ask: "Why did the Red Army, having a broad road available, insist on climbing snow-capped mountains and crossing grasslands?" This question shows that today's youth are not satisfied with ready-made conclusions, but want to pursue the origin and development of a matter (来龙去脉, lai long qu mai - "come, dragon, go, vein") behind the conclusions. Works that merely eulogize the sublime but cannot explain the internal logic of history will ultimately find it hard to truly move people's hearts.
The Great Long March's account of "why they set out" unfolds slowly in this way: In Ruijin, the sound of drums and gongs at the Soviet area military parade had not yet faded when news of the failure of the Fujian Incident suddenly arrived. The departure of the Long March was not an abrupt beginning, but an inevitability under the evolution of the historical situation. When Bo Gu, head of the provisional Central Committee, and Li De, the military adviser of the Communist International, directed the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression," they negated the effective policy of luring the enemy into a trap (诱敌深入, you di shen ru - "lure, enemy, deep, enter") that had worked in the previous counter-campaigns, first implementing adventurism in attack, then turning to conservatism in defense, and engaging in positional warfare of "repelling the enemy beyond the gates of the nation" and "fortress against fortress" to fight head-on against a well-equipped and powerful enemy. During this period, there was one opportunity to turn the situation around. In November 1933, the 19th Route Army of the Kuomintang launched the Fujian Incident, openly resisting Japan and opposing Chiang Kai-shek, and Chiang Kai-shek dispatched troops to suppress it. The main force of the Red Army could have taken the opportunity to break through into the Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Anhui-Jiangxi region, threatening the enemy's vital areas and forcing the enemy to turn back in response, but the provisional Central Committee failed to seize this opportunity, squandering the good chance to break the "encirclement and suppression." By October 1934, the Central Soviet Area could no longer hold its ground, and strategic transfer became the only choice for preserving revolutionary strength.
Why did they have to climb snow-capped mountains and cross grasslands? This is related to the uneven distribution of enemy ruling power. Warlords each held their own territory, the enemy's main forces were concentrated in large cities and along transportation lines, while the gaps in their rule were spread across remote mountainous areas at the borders of various provinces. In the middle and later stages of the Long March, it was precisely through these gaps that the Red Army threaded its way, ultimately finding a way to survive in a desperate situation (绝处逢生, jue chu feng sheng - "absolute, place, encounter, life"). The Great Long March also presents this: the enemy troops were well-equipped and amply supplied, relying on main roads for mobility, while the Red Army, traveling light with minimal baggage (轻装简从, qing zhuang jian cong - "light, equipment, simple, follow") and short of supplies, trudged through rugged mountainous terrain, moving toward areas where enemy ruling power was weak and where large enemy forces could not easily deploy. The snow-capped mountains and grasslands were not a romantic self-test, but a difficult choice made to escape encirclement, pursuit, blocking, and interception under the pattern of a strong enemy and a weak self. Young viewers thus come to understand that historical conclusions must be understood by placing them back into specific historical conditions, and that major decisions must be examined within a particular situation of the times.
How did faith become strength
Having explained why they set out, the next question is: having paid such a heavy price, why did this contingent not disintegrate?
The Battle of the Xiang River was an extremely tragic battle on the Long March. From late November to early December 1934, the Red Army fought a bloody battle for five days and nights in the Xiang River area of northern Guangxi, breaking through the Kuomintang's fourth blockade line, with the troops reduced sharply from more than 86,000 at departure to just over 30,000. Chen Shuxiang, division commander of the 34th Division of the 5th Army Corps, after being seriously wounded and captured, used his hands to twist and sever his own intestines through the abdominal wound, dying a heroic death at just 29 years old. A local folk song says: "For three years, do not drink the water of the Xiang River; for ten years, do not eat the fish of the Xiang River." After enduring enormous sacrifice, the Red Army not only did not disintegrate, but grew ever more steadfast in its march. As General Secretary Xi Jinping has said, the Long March was a great expedition of ideals and convictions. The Party and the Red Army were as firm as rock in their convictions, facing death to find life amid a hail of bullets, surviving against all odds at the limits of survival, and being reborn from the fire through going through rigorous training or many trials (千锤百炼, qian chui bai lian - "thousand, hammer, hundred, refine").
Faith is not abstract. The scene by the Xiang River is especially unforgettable: after the battle, Mao Zedong, leaning on a staff, stood alone at the river's edge, gazing at the crimson water, silent for a long time. A lone horse walked across the battlefield, and a single neigh pierced the deathly stillness. The drama also features a group of young people in the prime of one's youth and vigor (风华正茂, feng hua zheng mao - "wind, flower, correct, lush"): Yi Dangping, political commissar of the 5th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the 1st Army Corps, fought until severely wounded, shouting "We go to meet death, to seek a way to live for our comrades-in-arms," giving the hope of survival to his comrades; Zheng Lin, a soldier not yet 17 years old, died without ever eating the dried sweet potato he had longed for... These plot points bring the word "faith" down to these young people, leaving an indelible impression on today's peers. Faith is not being unaware of the cost, but knowing the cost and still choosing to move forward; faith is not blind optimism about the outcome, but the confirmation of goals and values when the outcome is unknown. The revolutionaries of that time did not set out because they could see the finish line, but gave persistence its actual content step by step as they marched. All of this shows that the sublime is not innate or a matter of course, but a choice made by people in specific circumstances. Today's young people also often walk on roads where the end is not in sight, and also ask whether persistence is worth it. Those equally young revolutionaries of 90 years ago have already answered with their footsteps.
How was the direction discerned
Faith answers "why keep going," while direction answers "how to keep going." The greatness of the Long March lies not in every step being naturally correct, but in the ability, after taking a wrong step, to face the error squarely and correct the direction. By telling this layer of twists and turns, what history leaves to today is not only emotion, but also method.
The disastrous defeat in the bloody battle at the Xiang River placed a sharp question before the whole Party: why were the battles becoming more and more passive? Where exactly was the road? From the Tongdao Conference, the Liping Conference, to the Houchang Conference, debates over the direction of the Red Army's movement continued all the way, and the Central Red Army abandoned the original plan to join forces with the 2nd and 6th Army Corps, instead turning to advance into Guizhou, where enemy forces were weak, and it was thus that the subsequent Zunyi Conference came about.
The scene of the Zunyi Conference concretized the "great turning point." In a meeting room of only 27 square meters, Bo Gu's main report evaded important issues and focused on trivialities (避重就轻, bi zhong jiu qing - "avoid, heavy, take, light"), while Zhang Wentian went straight to the crux of the matter, Zhou Enlai took the blame upon himself proactively, and Li De, sitting in the corner, repeatedly defended himself. Mao Zedong, speaking in a low voice, analyzed in a clear and detailed manner (条分缕析, tiao fen lu xi - "strip, divide, fiber, analyze") the errors in military command. "We can face death to find life, but we absolutely cannot face death to die." Mao Zedong's single sentence captured the weight of the turning point: the Red Army did not fear sacrifice, but could not sacrifice in vain; the path to survival lay in correcting the erroneous military line. The meeting lasted late into the night, and the soldiers brought two kerosene lamps. Mao Zedong said: "A lamp wick will not be bright unless it is trimmed; a principle will not be clear unless it is debated. We do not allow darkness under the lamp here. If there is a patch of darkness under the lamp, the road of the revolution will be darkened by a stretch." The dialogue implies the methodology of seeking truth from facts: truth becomes clearer through debate, and all views must be tested by facts and practice.
At the Gouba Conference held shortly after the Zunyi Conference, when discussing the attack on Daguxinchang, the majority of participants favored attacking, with only Mao Zedong firmly opposed. Late that night, carrying a kerosene lamp, he walked alone along the muddy mountain path to find Zhou Enlai, urgently requesting that the attack order be postponed. The next day, an enemy intelligence telegram confirmed his judgment, and the attack plan was withdrawn. The subsequent establishment of the new three-person military group created the conditions for the subsequent third and fourth crossings of the Chishui River and for breaking out of the encirclement of several hundred thousand enemy troops. The arguments at the meeting and the solitary figure walking under the kerosene lamp are all faithfully presented in the drama. Many young viewers learned of this history from the screen for the first time, and after watching, sighed that even correct opinions can be voted down, and that upholding truth requires enduring such twists and turns. Truth may first be grasped by a minority, and upholding truth requires not only the vision to discern the situation of the times, but also the composure to observe organizational discipline. If the vote is lost, one obeys the organization; if one cannot let go of one's responsibility, one continues to explain the reasoning thoroughly within the procedures. The Communist Party of China matured during the Long March not by never making mistakes, but by possessing the courage and mechanism to correct its own errors through lessons learned in blood. Following this history, young viewers gain not a few ready-made conclusions, but an understanding of the process by which conclusions are formed: the correct direction does not fall from the sky, but is debated out and walked out in the face of failure; history does not unfold automatically on a straight and smooth road, but advances amid the contradictions of solving practical problems.
It is worth mentioning that the creation of this work is itself a conscious practice of "filming the Long March with the spirit of the Long March." The main creative team retraced the Long March route three times, consulted and collected tens of millions of characters of materials, revised the script six times, and artistically restored more than 700 scenes along the Long March route, with major events, important conferences, and historical figures all verified against authoritative Party history documents and literature. The director described the creative principle as "every statement must have a basis, every statement must have history." Mao Zedong before the departure of the Long March, suffering from malaria and at a low point in his career, saying "now even ghosts don't come to my door," was a true state of mind recorded in history; Bo Gu's mistakes, remorse, and reflection, and his eventual obedience to organizational resolutions and completion of the Long March with the ranks, all have solid historical basis. The more fully historical materials are grasped, the more boundaries artistic imagination has; the more solidly details are verified, the more support characters and stories have. Young viewers are willing to believe such narration, and are then willing to follow the plot to search through documents, examine the full course of conferences, and identify Party history figures, turning the study of Party history into an active pursuit. From watching the drama to reading history, from emotion to the pursuit of knowledge, good works can stimulate interest in reading history, and interest is the premise of understanding. In watching the drama and reading history, young people gradually come to understand the Long March. Why they set out, why they persisted, how they chose their direction — these questions lingering in their hearts all find answers in the concrete historical process.
"The history of the Long March has never gone far away, and the road of the Long March is constantly extending." Young people of the new era must also walk their own Long March well. The road is forged by wading through exploration, and faith is held fast when the end cannot be seen. These answers drawn from the depths of history will ultimately settle into the spiritual confidence of the younger generation in walking the new Long March well.
Return to TopBy: 丁以绣
To be frank, leading cadres who read Party newspapers are accustomed to going straight to the front page for important news, policies, and commentary, and this is of course as it should be. But as for the literary supplements at the back of the newspaper, some people always feel that those are "literary and art pages," a matter of leisure and refined taste, with nothing much worth reading. In fact, the literary supplement is truly not an optional ornament. For today's leading cadres, it is instead a good place where one can see the times, see the masses, and see the real appearance of grassroots governance.
At present, the social structure, the demands of the masses, and the communication environment have all undergone profound changes, and grassroots work faces entirely new examination questions — this is a typical case of "a veteran revolutionary encountering a new problem." In doing mass work, grasping grassroots governance, and conducting public opinion guidance today, simply transmitting policies directly downward is already far from sufficient. Whether the masses are willing to listen, can understand, and accept things in their hearts all matter very much. If leading cadres can only speak the language of documents, transmitting content "uniformly thick from top to bottom"; when issuing directives, speaking in a way that is "cold and hard," then work will easily appear stiff, the masses will not like it, and the effectiveness of policy implementation will be discounted. Reading more literary supplements is not putting on an air of refinement, but rather making up for a deficiency in empathy, communication awareness, and humanistic warmth.
The newspaper literary supplement is a bridge connecting the Party and the masses. Many prose pieces, casual essays, and documentary articles write about the daily lives of ordinary people, and also conceal the true thoughts of the common people. In Party newspapers such as People's Daily, Guangming Daily, and Liberation Daily, the literary supplements have long ceased to be positions that merely publish pure literary and artistic works. Today, many literary supplement pages have achieved the unity of journalistic quality, literary quality, and ideological quality. The "Dadi" (Great Earth) page of People's Daily often writes about grassroots life and the stories of ordinary people, vividly expressing emotions through both voice and expression (声情并茂, sheng qing bing mao - "sound, emotion, together, flourishing"), possessing a magnificent and flourishing literary style (文采斐然, wen cai fei ran - "literary, talent, luxuriant, abundant"), and extremely fascinating and captivating (引人入胜, yin ren ru sheng - "lead, person, enter, victory"); the "Guangming Culture Weekend" of Guangming Daily focuses on culture, the humanities, and social observation, being clear and fluent, profound and penetrating in insight (入木三分, ru mu san fen - "enter, wood, three, parts"), and striking directly at the heart; the "Zhaohua" (Morning Flowers) of Liberation Daily, the "Bihui" (Pen Meeting) of Wenhui Daily, and the "Yeguangbei" (Night Light Cup) of Xinmin Evening News and other literary supplements are closer to urban life and can show the myriad aspects of the marketplace and the mentality of the general public. These writings contain no policy provisions, yet they can make people feel real social change, the joys and sorrows of the common people, and the scenery of the grassroots.
Today, society changes quickly, the mode of communication has changed, and the channels through which the masses obtain information and express their demands have also multiplied. Now people look at their phones a great deal, and short videos and self-media have a great influence. Information is fragmented, emotions are also complex and changeable, and one-way indoctrination is increasingly difficult to make effective. The demands of the masses are also more abundant; they not only care about food, clothing, housing, and transportation, but also care about being respected, being understood, and having spiritual sustenance. If leading cadres rely only on "administrative thinking" to advance their work, an awkward situation easily arises: policies have indeed been implemented, yet the masses do not buy into them; work is very hard, yet people's hearts have not been warmed; one is moved by oneself while the masses feel nothing. The problems facing leading cadres today are also more complex, and old methods cannot necessarily solve new problems. The literary supplement happens to help make up for this short board.
Regularly reading literary supplements can help leading cadres see the real effects after policies are implemented. No matter how good the major policies and guidelines are, in the end they must land in the lives of countless households. Documents speak of top-level design, while literary supplements often write about grassroots daily life. How is rural revitalization progressing, what changes have occurred in the rural landscape and farmers' lives — the articles in literary supplements can often provide more concrete pictures; to what extent has cultural development advanced, what new changes have occurred in the spiritual needs of the masses — cultural commentary and casual essays can also provide some observations. Compared with "hard news" as well as meeting materials and work summaries, the writing in literary supplements is more delicate, more warm, and more full of the flavor of life, just like the operating philosophy of the "Zhejiang Propaganda" WeChat public account: "speak human language, engage hot topics, have an attitude."
Regularly reading literary supplements can also enable leading cadres to understand the lives of the common people more deeply. Some grassroots contradictions, in the final analysis, arise because leading cadres do not understand the true thoughts of the masses. What literary supplements write about are the joys, angers, sorrows, and pleasures of ordinary people — there is struggle, there is confusion, there is expectation, and there is also helplessness. In literary supplements one can see living, breathing people, hear moving stories, and be closer to real life. If leading cadres read them regularly, they can have a little less habitual thinking from the office and a little more perception of the lives of the masses. When speaking and doing things, they will more readily consider matters by putting themselves in others' shoes (设身处地, she shen chu di - "set, body, put, place"), will lower their posture, and will draw closer to the masses in heart.
Reading literary supplements can also help leading cadres improve their way of expression. Today's masses do not like stiff preaching and are more willing to listen to sincere, plain words. The writing in literary supplements often has both thought and warmth, can explain principles in a less hard way, and buries deep emotion and threads through reasoning in interesting and appealing words. When leading cadres read these articles, they are not only reading stories, but also learning how to speak more clearly and with more human touch. When encountering complex problems, if leading cadres can communicate in a way the masses can understand and are willing to hear, work will be easier to advance.
Literary supplements can also enable leading cadres to maintain a measure of clarity amid busyness. When one is mired in routine affairs for a long time, one easily becomes impetuous and also easily becomes weary. Newspaper literary supplements often publish stories of the sages of old, heroic deeds, models of the era, and casual essays on family education and family traditions; reading them can remind oneself why one set out, and can also make one have a little less utilitarian mentality and a little more concern for the country, the family, and the common people. The cultivation of leading cadres is not developed in a single day, nor is it immutable; frequently flipping through newspaper literary supplements will continuously cultivate one's moral character and temperament (陶冶情操, tao ye qing cao - "roast, smelt, emotion, character"), nourish the mind, broaden one's horizons, and broaden one's mind and outlook (开阔胸襟, kai kuo xiong jin - "open, wide, chest, border").
In short, leading cadres reading literary supplements is not pastime, nor is it decorating the facade, but rather a kind of capacity enhancement. Being familiar with policies and grasping professional work is hard skill; understanding the masses and being good at communication is equally an indispensable genuine ability for doing work well.
The literary supplement "dwells at the end of the newspaper yet faces the crest of the tide." Facing the new situation, the new masses, and the new tasks, leading cadres might as well flip through newspaper literary supplements more often. Treat them as a channel for observing the times, understanding the masses, and improving methods. Read deeply into them, settle down, and turn the feelings gained from them into deeper feelings for the country and the people and a more grounded way of working; then mass work will have more warmth, and will also be more solid and more effective.
(The author is Vice President of the China Newspaper Literary Supplement Research Association and Editor-in-Chief of China Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Journal)
Return to TopBy: 杨明
Strengthening discipline building is the fundamental strategy for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. Strict discipline is a distinctive trait of Marxist political parties, and it is also a glorious tradition and unique advantage of our Party. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party made systematic arrangements for persistently advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, emphasizing the need to govern and manage the Party with strict discipline. In the new era, deepening Party discipline building must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Party Building, strengthen political leadership, mission guidance, and problem orientation, and strive to enhance the political nature, contemporaneity, and targeting of discipline building.
Strengthen political leadership and strive to enhance the political nature of discipline building
Party discipline building serves the Party's political goals, and its formulation, implementation, and effects all possess distinct political attributes. To strengthen Party discipline building, we must adhere to political leadership, carry political standards through the entire process and all aspects of discipline building, and use strict discipline to ensure the whole Party acts with unified will, unified action, and acting in perfect unison (步调一致, bu tiao yi zhi - "step, pace, one, together") in advancing forward.
Political nature is the fundamental attribute of discipline building. A political party is by essence a political organization, and political nature is the primary attribute of a political party. From the day Party discipline came into being, it has been the institutionalized expression of the Party's political program, political ideals, and political mission in organizational behavior. Whatever political program exists, corresponding discipline is required as a guarantee; wherever the Party's political mission points, there the focus of discipline building should fall. Mao Zedong put forward the assertion that "strengthening discipline makes the revolution invincible," emphasizing that "discipline is the guarantee for implementing the political line," profoundly revealing the intrinsic connection between discipline and implementing the political line and achieving political goals. Deng Xiaoping pointed out that "for a country as large as ours, how can we be united and organized? First, by ideals; second, by discipline," elucidating the strategic role of discipline in maintaining the Party's political unity and implementing the Party's political propositions. More than one hundred years of Party history have fully proven that our Party's discipline has never been a mere set of regulatory requirements, but rather political norms that carry political propositions, maintain political unity, and guarantee the political line, and are the embodiment of the will of the whole Party. Political nature is the inherent attribute of Party discipline from birth, determining the direction and effectiveness of discipline building.
Political discipline is the most important, most fundamental, and most critical discipline. Political discipline centrally regulates the political stance, political direction, political speech, and political behavior of Party organizations and Party members, delineating the rigid boundaries for implementing the Party's political propositions and safeguarding the Party's unity and solidarity. Within the Party's discipline system, political discipline occupies a leading position, which is fundamentally determined by the nature of our Party. To enforce strict Party discipline, the first step is to enforce strict political discipline. Marxist political parties are political organizations established to achieve the liberation of the proletariat and advance the liberation of humanity, which fundamentally determines the leading position of political discipline within the entire discipline system. Once political discipline is breached, decentralism and departmentalism will emerge, causing ideological division and organizational splits, directly undermining the Party's combat effectiveness. Observing the Party's political discipline is an important foundation for observing all of the Party's discipline, determining the fundamental direction for Party members and cadres to observe discipline and abide by rules. Organizational discipline, integrity discipline, mass discipline, work discipline, and life discipline all embed political logic, carry political functions, and obey and serve the Party's political mission. Whether all types of discipline are implemented in place must ultimately be judged within the overall political situation and tested by political standards. In practice, if political discipline cannot be grasped firmly and the fundamental political direction and political stance have problems, other types of discipline will soon be breached as well. The root cause of some Party members and cadres losing ground on other types of discipline is often the weakening of political awareness and the wavering of political stance. In advancing discipline building, we must adhere to using political discipline to drive strictness in all other types of discipline, and carry political standards and political requirements through the entire process of discipline education, intra-Party supervision, and discipline enforcement.
The Two Upholds (两个维护) are the Party's fundamental political discipline and political rules. Establishing a strong leadership core and upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership are founding principles of Marxist political parties and valuable historical experience formed in our Party's long struggle. With a strong leadership core, the whole Party has an anchor; with the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized, unified leadership, the development of the Party and the state's cause has a backbone, enabling the close unity of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, forming a a united mass of people with one heart (万众一心, wan zhong yi xin - "ten thousand, masses, one, heart") and invincible and irresistible (无坚不摧, wu jian bu cui - "not, solid, not, destroy") mighty force. The period of the 15th Five-Year Plan is a critical period for basically realizing socialist modernization, and on the road forward we will inevitably face major tests of high winds and rough waves, even towering billows. As the fundamental political discipline and political rules, the Two Upholds are the fundamental political guarantee for ensuring the whole Party's unity and solidarity and acting in perfect unison in advancing forward. The Two Upholds are not an abstract slogan but carry specific disciplinary requirements. We must consolidate the ideological foundation, continuously deepen theoretical arming, constantly improve political judgment, political understanding, and political execution, and recognize from the depths of thought the extreme importance of the Two Upholds. We must strictly guard the political red line, place political supervision in a prominent position, closely watch problems such as the "seven types of violations," resolutely rectify behaviors such as the central government having policies and local governments having countermeasures, orders being given but not implemented, and prohibitions being issued but not observed, and maintain the rigidity of political discipline through serious discipline enforcement and accountability. We must adhere to unity of knowledge and action (知行合一, zhi xing he yi - "know, act, combine, one"), embody the Two Upholds in concrete actions to implement the Party Central Committee's major decisions and arrangements, reflect them in the tangible results of performing duties and doing one's own work well, consciously benchmark against the requirements of the Party Central Committee, and ensure that all work always advances in the correct direction.
Strengthen mission guidance and strive to enhance the contemporaneity of discipline building
Discipline building has never been a static, fixed institutional arrangement, but a dynamic practice closely linked to the Party's historical mission and central tasks. As the era's orientation is renewed and mission tasks expand, new issues are inevitably posed for discipline building.
Contemporaneity is the distinctive character of discipline building. Party discipline has never been an abstract provision deduced from principles, but rather arises under specific historical conditions from the actual needs of the Party in carrying out political practice and completing central tasks. When central tasks change, the contradictions, risks, and tests facing the Party change accordingly, and the political relations that discipline safeguards, the organizational order it regulates, and the behavioral boundaries it constrains must inevitably be adjusted. Historical materialism reveals that discipline, as a component of the superstructure, is ultimately determined by the historical orientation and central tasks of the Party and must adapt to the cause led by the Party; discipline divorced from the practice of the times either becomes overly broad and general, with no point of focus, or clings to outdated frameworks, hampering the development of the cause. The contemporaneity of discipline building lies at its core in answering the question of "under what conditions and against what problems is discipline established"; when the conditions of the times change, the specific content and focus of discipline must change. Emphasizing contemporaneity by no means weakens the political premise of discipline; on the contrary, it enables the political function of discipline to be realized more precisely under specific historical conditions, and this is precisely an important reason why Party discipline has always maintained vigorous vitality.
Party discipline building has always kept pace with the times and advanced alongside its mission. The Party's historical orientation determines the focus of discipline building, and the Party's central tasks determine the goal orientation of discipline building. In a certain sense, the history of Party discipline building is a history in which disciplinary requirements have continuously expanded and deepened along with the Party's central tasks. During the period of the new-democratic revolution, the Party's main tasks were to oppose imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, and to strive for national independence and the liberation of the people. Our Party regarded strict discipline as an important magic weapon for rallying revolutionary forces and winning popular support. From the "Three Main Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention" proposed during the Red Army period to the repeated emphasis on strengthening discipline during the revolutionary war years, strong guarantees were provided for winning the victory of the new-democratic revolution. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, as a party leading the people in mastering state power nationwide and governing long-term, our Party emphasized safeguarding the Party's unity and solidarity, resolutely opposed bureaucratism and commandism, strove to prevent Party members and cadres from becoming divorced from the masses and from reality, and used strict discipline to ensure the Party withstood new tests under governing conditions. During the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, the Party's work focus shifted to economic construction, and developing the socialist market economy and advancing reform and opening up became new issues of the times. Our Party restored and reestablished discipline inspection organs, formulated norms for political life within the Party, reaffirmed the rigid role of discipline, and promoted discipline building to adapt to the new environment of reform, opening up, and the development of the socialist market economy. As socialism with Chinese characteristics entered the new era, the Party's central tasks expanded to comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese modernization. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed discipline building in a more prominent position, adhered to a strict tone, put discipline first, calibrated the discipline yardstick against risks, challenges, and new manifestations of discipline violations on the new journey, made discipline supply better match the needs of the times for governing and managing the Party, and used strict discipline to ensure the implementation of the Party Central Committee's major decisions and arrangements.
Advance with the times in improving discipline norms and calibrating the discipline yardstick. Since the new era began, the Party Central Committee has incorporated discipline building into the overall layout of Party building, deploying and advancing it in an integrated manner together with political building, ideological building, organizational building, work style building, institutional building, and the fight against corruption, marking that our Party's understanding of the laws of governing Marxist ruling parties and the intrinsic laws of discipline building has risen to a new realm. Discipline building is both an important component of the overall layout of Party building and provides support and guarantee for the effective implementation of all other Party building efforts. To advance political building, we must rely on strict political discipline to safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership; to solidify ideological building, we must rely on discipline education to consolidate Party members' disciplinary concepts; to strengthen organizational building, we must use organizational discipline to regulate intra-Party organizational life and the selection and appointment of personnel; to deepen work style building, we must rely on the rigidity of discipline to continuously rectify the Four Malfeasances; to advance the fight against corruption, we must adhere to putting discipline first, addressing problems early and nipping them in the bud. Party discipline is not an immutable dogma, but needs to develop dynamically based on the conditions of the times and in tandem with mission tasks, which requires discipline building to advance with the times, listen to the voice of the times, and answer the issues of the times. Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, our Party has revised the Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Action three times in accordance with the development of the situation, the needs of the cause, and new situations and problems in governing and managing the Party, continuously calibrating, enriching, and refining the Party's discipline norms, promoting the resonance of disciplinary requirements with the tasks of the times, making disciplinary provisions comprehensive in law and effective in practice, and fully releasing the clear signal that full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is always on the way.
Strengthen problem orientation and strive to enhance the targeting of discipline building
Problems are the manifestation of contradictions in things, and every era has its own problems. Only by scientifically understanding, accurately grasping, and correctly solving problems in discipline building can we continuously advance discipline building by upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground and implementing precise measures, so as to better use strict discipline to safeguard the development of the Party's cause.
Targeting is the practical trait of discipline building. Discipline is not an abstract and hollow collection of provisions, but rigid norms that directly confront the real contradictions in governing and managing the Party and respond to prominent problems within the Party. Disciplinary requirements divorced from concrete practice and ignoring real problems would become suspended texts, unable to effectively play a constraining and regulating role, let alone truly solve problems. In strengthening Party discipline building in the new era, we must firmly grasp the unique problems of a major party, see through appearances to identify the deep-seated causes behind lax discipline, grasp the principal contradiction and the principal aspect of the contradiction, integrate the discovery, analysis, and rectification of problems throughout the entire chain of discipline building, and promote the observance, enforcement, and implementation of discipline through learning, understanding, and clarifying discipline. We must adhere to grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, accurately grasp the characteristics and patterns of discipline violations at different levels and in different fields, continuously rectify deviations such as crude discipline enforcement and ineffective supervision, promote discipline building from "coverage on the surface" to "precise penetration," continuously enhance the effectiveness and penetrating power of disciplinary constraints, integrate the functions of discipline in constraint and punishment, warning and education, and source governance, and effectively transform institutional advantages into governance effectiveness in governing and managing the Party.
Accurately grasp the prominent problems currently facing the governance and management of the Party. In the new era, full and rigorous self-governance of the Party has achieved historic and pioneering achievements, producing comprehensive and deep-reaching influence, but some factors affecting the Party's advanced nature and weakening its purity still exist, the risks and hidden dangers of lax discipline cannot be ignored, and the governance and management of the Party cannot be relaxed for a moment. Based on the practical requirements of persistently advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, there are still many shortcomings and weaknesses in the field of discipline building. Some Party members and cadres have gaps in disciplinary literacy, and the ideological consciousness of learning, understanding, clarifying, and observing discipline has not yet been fully formed; some harbor a fluke mentality and violate discipline despite knowing it, failing to transform disciplinary requirements into daily behavioral norms. Formalism and bureaucratism are stubborn and recurrent, and under sustained high-pressure conditions they mutate in hidden forms and upgrade in new guises, often changing appearance and shifting from overt to covert, using superficialities such as ledger records and procedural compliance to conceal the essence of inaction, slow action, arbitrary action, and false action. In fields where power is concentrated, funds are intensive, and resources are abundant, risks such as collusion between politics and business, power providing protection for capital, and capital infiltrating the political sphere continue to exist, and new and hidden forms of corruption such as option corruption and shadow shareholders are intertwined and superimposed, and the soil and conditions for the breeding of corruption have not yet been completely eradicated. At the same time, unhealthy tendencies and corruption problems are intertwined, becoming prominent problems that must be addressed with focus at the current stage. Malfeasance and corruption are mutually reinforcing and mutually transforming, and the difficulty of detecting, identifying, and governing them through supervision and discipline enforcement continues to increase. These problems warn us that discipline building must maintain strategic resolve, adhere to problem orientation, accurately assess risks, and continuously make up for governance shortcomings.
Use strict discipline to precisely rectify stubborn and chronic maladies. The vitality of discipline lies in enforcement, and strict governance and strict management must rely on precise efforts and discipline enforcement in accordance with regulations. We must adhere to grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, carry out discipline education on a regular basis, integrate the study of Party rules and discipline into daily organizational life, make good use of positive guidance and warning education, and educate Party members and cadres to build a solid line of defense for observing rules and discipline from the ideological level. We must adhere to understanding and viewing work style problems from a political perspective, closely watch the implementation of the Party Central Committee's decisions and arrangements, use the discipline yardstick to calibrate performance of duties, and seriously pursue accountability for problems such as discounting and making alterations. We must closely watch the key links in the operation of power, improve risk prevention and control mechanisms for clean governance, set up defenses in advance, conduct routine supervision, promptly investigate and deal with all types of discipline violations, and resolutely plug regulatory loopholes. We must deeply advance the simultaneous investigation and governance of malfeasance and corruption, adhere to the integration of rectifying conduct, enforcing discipline, and fighting corruption, use "simultaneous investigation" to severely punish problems where malfeasance and corruption are intertwined, and use "simultaneous governance" to eradicate the common roots of malfeasance and corruption. We must precisely use the "four forms" of supervision and discipline enforcement, address problems early and nip them in the bud, promptly remind and correct problems of an incipient nature, and prevent small problems from evolving into major errors. We must solidly carry out using cases to clarify discipline, using cases to promote rectification, and using cases to promote governance, achieving the effect of investigating one case, warning a whole area, and governing a whole domain. We must highly unify strict management and supervision with encouraging responsibility and action, both daring to rectify problems of non-accountability and inaction and resolutely protecting those who take responsibility and supporting those who do things, thereby motivating cadres to enhance their spirit of entrepreneurship and dedication.
[The author is Executive Vice President (Vice President) of the Party School (School of Administration) of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee, and Deputy Director of the Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era]
Return to TopBy: 王文
General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized the need to promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation, and to facilitate the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China explicitly proposed "strengthening the building of the technology manager workforce," making it an important deployment for deepening the reform of the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological achievements. The newly issued "Opinions on Promoting the Deep Integration of Scientific and Technological Innovation and Industrial Innovation" points out the need to improve the national integrated technology market, promote the development of specialized and market-oriented technology transfer institutions, and strengthen the building of the technology manager workforce. To turn laboratory results into market products, one must go through multiple stages including technical verification, pilot-scale amplification, financing matchmaking, and market development. If any single stage is obstructed, a highly promising achievement may end up abandoning something halfway through (半途而废, ban tu er fei - "half way, and, abandon"), which urgently calls for a professional team that understands technology, industry, capital, markets, and management to provide full-process services. This team is the technology managers. On the whole, however, the development of this team remains non-standardized, with problems such as insufficient total numbers, inadequate capabilities, non-specialized positions, and insufficient trust intertwined with one another, still falling considerably short of the requirements for the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. Accelerating standardized development so that this team can truly become a solid pillar supporting the transformation of achievements is an important and urgent task.
What is a technology manager
A technology manager is a professional who, with the goal of promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, comprehensively applies professional knowledge and practical skills in technology, markets, law, finance, policy, and intellectual property, and, oriented toward the entire process of transforming scientific and technological achievements, provides systematic services such as achievement discovery, cultivation, incubation, maturation, evaluation, promotion, trading, and industrialization. The salient feature of this profession lies in cross-disciplinary integration and full-chain connectivity: it is neither a single type of technology R&D personnel, nor a purely market-oriented salesperson, nor merely a manager undertaking administrative coordination functions, but rather a professional service force capable of switching freely between the language of technology and the language of the market, and of building bridges between the laboratory and the production line.
From the perspective of capability structure, technology managers need to possess core capabilities including technology commercialization, industrial technology tackling of key problems, investment and financing matchmaking, intellectual property rights confirmation, legal compliance, policy application, project management and control, fund management, and personnel management. Among these, technology commercialization, industrial technology tackling of key problems, and investment and financing matchmaking constitute "value discovery" capabilities, addressing the question of "whether the technology has a market and whether the project is worth investing in"; intellectual property rights confirmation, legal compliance, and policy application constitute "rights protection" capabilities, addressing the question of "whether the ownership of the achievement is clear, whether the transformation is compliant, and whether policies have been fully utilized"; and project management and control, fund management, and personnel management constitute "organization and implementation" capabilities, addressing the question of "whether the transformation project can be pushed forward, whether funds can be managed properly, and whether the team can be fully assembled." These three categories of capabilities are interlocked, together forming a complete capability spectrum from technical judgment to commercial operation, and from resource matchmaking to organizational management.
From the perspective of the service process, the value of technology managers is reflected in the organization and connection of the entire process of achievement transformation. For an achievement to move from the laboratory to the market, it generally must pass through four stages: achievement generation, pilot-scale verification, commercialization, and industrialization, and each stage requires professional forces to conduct screening and judgment, resource organization, and risk control. The core role of technology managers lies in integrating the professional services in these stages, connecting the elements scattered among universities and research institutes, enterprises, investment institutions, service institutions, and other parties, reducing the uncertainty and transaction costs in the transformation process, and making the path of achievement transformation smoother, faster, and more stable.
The building of the workforce is showing a sound momentum
On the whole, technology managers, as a new profession, are moving from scattered practices lacking unified standards toward a stage of professionalized development with clear professional identity and sound normative guidance. This is both the result of sustained policy promotion and a manifestation of the accelerated growth of the workforce itself.
From the perspective of policy evolution, the path for advancing the building of the technology manager workforce is becoming increasingly clear. First, at the institutional level. The newly revised "Law of the People's Republic of China on Scientific and Technological Progress" explicitly requires, at the level of the legal system, that scientific and technological research and development institutions and institutions of higher education established with fiscal funds shall actively promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and strengthen the building of technology transfer institutions and talent teams. Technology managers were subsequently included in the national occupational classification compendium and obtained formal professional status, and the "Action Plan for High-Quality Cultivation of Talent for the Transfer and Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements" further proposed cultivating more than 100,000 talents for the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements by 2025, so that the legal basis, professional status, and stage goals for workforce building are all in place. Second, at the standards level. In April 2026, the Science and Technology Services Standardization Technical Committee of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology established a technology manager working group to coordinate the advancement of the technology manager standards system. At present, following the logic of "demand creates the market, the market creates positions, and positions drive the workforce," reform measures for strengthening the building of the technology manager workforce are being accelerated, and technology manager evaluation and service specification standards are being formulated simultaneously. Third, at the local level. Various provinces and cities are exploring and introducing special measures for professional title evaluation, salary incentives, and position setup, using policy supply to drive workforce building to produce visible results and tangible effects.
From the perspective of workforce development, this team is accelerating its growth from individual points to the whole. First, the workforce supply capacity has increased. After more than 10 years of construction, the national technology transfer talent training bases have cumulatively trained more than 110,000 technology managers, continuously supplying the industry with practitioners possessing basic capabilities; at the same time, universities and research institutes, as the pioneering front, have seen more than half of the 4,059 universities and research institutes participating in statistics nationwide establish full-time scientific and technological achievement transformation talent teams by the end of 2024, with full-time personnel exceeding 18,000, and talents with professional backgrounds in research management, enterprise management, and law, finance, and intellectual property are entering at an accelerated pace, with the composition of the workforce accelerating its transformation toward professionalization. Second, the development form is moving from single to diversified. Workforce building is no longer confined to universities and research institutes; enterprises' independent cultivation efforts have increased markedly, and some leading enterprises have begun to establish dedicated technology transfer positions and internal transformation teams; many localities are exploring the establishment of technology manager firms to gather talent through market-oriented means; a number of socialized technology transfer institutions, concept verification centers, and pilot-scale platforms have made technology managers their core operational force, with service scenarios continuing to expand toward diversification. Third, service effectiveness is gradually emerging. Technology managers have begun to substantively intervene in key stages such as achievement screening and evaluation, concept verification organization, technology transaction matchmaking, and investment and financing matchmaking, and in some regions and industrial fields with active achievement transformation, they have facilitated effective matches between a number of scientific and technological achievements and enterprise demands; in individual localities, typical cases have already emerged of technology managers participating throughout the entire process of university achievement transformation projects, accumulating practical experience for subsequent standardized development.
Development shortcomings remain prominent
Compared with the needs of the development of the technology transfer undertaking and the high-quality development of the science and technology services industry, this workforce as a whole is still in its initial stage, and the problems of non-standardization, non-professionalization, and non-specialization remain prominent.
From the perspective of the current state of positions, the degree of full-time specialization is not high, and administrative affairs have not been fully separated. Many technology transfer departments in universities and research institutes still operate with "one team, multiple nameplates," and most technology managers have transferred from or concurrently hold positions in research management, administrative management, and other posts, with the proportion of personnel truly engaged full-time in transformation services being relatively low. Data disclosed in the "China Annual Report on the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements 2025" show that among universities and research institutes nationwide that have established full-time teams, the average number of full-time personnel per institution is fewer than 10. A single technology manager often has to simultaneously handle dozens or even hundreds of achievements, making it difficult to conduct in-depth engagement and sustained follow-up, let alone provide full-lifecycle professional services for the achievements.
From the perspective of capabilities and scenarios, composite talents are in short supply, and work scenarios are underdeveloped. The knowledge structure of existing practitioners is relatively singular, with structural shortcomings such as "understanding technology but not the market, understanding law but not finance, understanding policy but not industry" being fairly common, and composite talents capable of independently completing technical assessment, commercial verification, financing matchmaking, and transaction negotiation are especially scarce. At the same time, the work scenarios for technology managers have not been fully opened up: frontline service positions in universities and research institutes, science and technology parks, concept verification centers, pilot-scale platforms, and technology transfer institutions are not clearly defined, and many trainees who have completed their training face the dilemma of "not knowing what to do or where to go," making it difficult to effectively convert training outcomes into actual service capabilities.
From the perspective of industry trust, the building of social recognition and public credibility is clearly lagging behind. Technology managers lack a clear talent profile — what kind of people can engage in this profession, what capabilities they should possess, what services they should provide, and what standards they should meet currently have no generally recognized reference. Due to the lack of unified service norms and a credit evaluation system, all parties in achievement transformation find it difficult to identify and select professional forces, and often can only establish cooperation through personal introductions or chance contacts, with high trust thresholds and persistently high trial-and-error costs. Society's awareness of the technology manager profession is relatively low, and many researchers do not even know that such a team exists nearby to turn to for help; industry organizations are underdeveloped, practitioners lack a sense of belonging and professional honor, and the industry lacks mechanisms for self-discipline and self-purification. Compared with the mature professional systems formed over decades of development by associations such as university technology manager associations in some countries, China still has a clear gap in professional credibility and social recognition.
Accelerating workforce building through capacity expansion and quality improvement
To resolve the current difficulties, we must adhere to pursuing both capacity expansion and quality improvement simultaneously, using capacity expansion to solve the supply-side problems of "insufficient total numbers, non-specialized positions, and unopened scenarios," and using quality improvement to solve the quality-side problems of "insufficient capabilities, unclear standards, and insufficient trust," so that the workforce has both quantitative support and qualitative assurance.
With capacity expansion as the forerunner, expand the scale of the workforce and broaden the arena for its use. First, broaden source channels and expand the scale of cultivation. Relying on platforms such as the national technology transfer talent training bases, increase targeted cultivation efforts oriented toward universities and research institutes, science and technology parks, and enterprise R&D institutions, encourage personnel with science and engineering backgrounds, industrial talents, and young researchers to join the workforce, and expand the increment from the source. Second, open up practicing positions and open up work scenarios. Centering on key stages of achievement transformation such as concept verification organization, pilot-scale engineering coordination, technology transaction matchmaking, intellectual property operation, and science and technology finance matchmaking, define a batch of position types and task lists, promote employing entities to set up positions according to needs and recruit personnel according to positions, so that trained talents "have a place to go, have tasks, and have work to do." Third, advance full-time specialized allocation and stabilize career expectations. Set up independent technology transfer position sequences in the aforementioned units, clarify the boundaries of position responsibilities, and promote their separation from administrative affairs; support localities with the conditions to include full-time technology managers in establishment quotas or special employment plans, so that specialized positions have specialized personnel and specialized personnel handle specialized work.
With quality improvement as the core, enhance professional capabilities and build up the public credibility of the industry. First, improve the standards and evaluation system, so that the workforce has a basis to rely on and a ladder to climb. Accelerate the formulation of standards for technology manager position capabilities and service norms, clarify the capability requirements, service contents, and practicing boundaries at different levels, and draw a clear talent profile and growth ladder for practitioners; promote the effective linkage of evaluation results with professional title review, position appointment, and income distribution, so that those who achieve tangible results have status and rewards. Second, strengthen the cultivation of practical combat capabilities, so that practitioners can learn and apply what they have learned. Adhere to tiered and categorized cultivation, shift the focus of cultivation from expanding scale to improving practical effectiveness, and turn real transformation projects into "training grounds"; support institutions of higher education with the conditions to establish technology transfer-related majors and directions, consolidating the foundation for professional talent cultivation. Third, build a trust and self-discipline ecosystem, so that society dares to use, is willing to use, and can use with confidence. Establish a credit file and performance record disclosure mechanism for practitioners, so that all parties in achievement transformation can identify, compare, and select professional forces; accelerate the cultivation of industry organizations, and improve risk-sharing mechanisms such as industry self-discipline and professional liability insurance; tell vivid stories of technology managers facilitating transformations, strengthen publicity and guidance and professional honor incentives, so that practitioners have a sense of belonging and professional dignity, and attract more outstanding talents who are willing to come, stay, and perform well.
Technology managers are a new profession that is growing, and also a professional force that urgently needs to be strengthened in the current transformation of scientific and technological achievements. To accelerate the cultivation of the technology manager workforce into a professional force that promotes the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, it is necessary to make coordinated efforts in capacity expansion and quality improvement, take standardized development as the breakthrough point, enable this workforce to truly become a solid pillar supporting achievement transformation, and provide solid talent support for developing new quality productive forces and achieving a high level of self-reliance and strength in science and technology.
(The author is the Director of the National Technology Transfer Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University)
Return to TopBy: 莫纪宏
To govern the country, one must first govern the Party; to govern the Party, one must be strict; and to be strict, one must follow rules and laws. Institutions are fundamental, holistic, stable, and long-term in nature. Governing the Party through institutions and governing the Party in accordance with rules are the basic methods of the Party's self-revolution in the new era, and are the long-term and fundamental strategies for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during the 15th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th Central Committee: "We must deepen reform of the Party's internal rules and regulations system, and do well in the work of top-level design, identifying and filling gaps, and improving quality and efficiency. We must orient ourselves toward practical needs, respect the pioneering spirit of the grassroots, and promptly elevate good experiences and good practices into institutions, making institutions more suited to reality. We must strengthen the high degree of consciousness in governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules, focus on improving institutional execution, and promote the in-depth development of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party along the track of rules and regulations." The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Persisting in Promoting Full and Rigorous Self-Governance of the Party" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision"), reviewed and adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party, makes systematic and complete arrangements in Part Eight for adhering to governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules. Centering on improving the system of Party internal rules and regulations, enhancing institutional execution, and vigorously eliminating hidden rules, it draws a blueprint for institutional development, providing fundamental policy basis for continuously advancing governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules on the new journey. To deeply grasp this major deployment, the focus is on clarifying the boundary of the "institution" category, grasping the organic unity between Party rules and national laws, focusing on the Party Constitution and the Constitution as the fundamental guidelines, keeping a close eye on "top leaders" as the top priority, continuously transforming institutional advantages into strong governance effectiveness in managing and governing the Party and the country, ensuring the normalization and long-term effectiveness of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party with a sound institutional and regulatory system, and building a solid political guarantee for Chinese modernization.
Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party requires both ideological efforts to unify people's hearts and souls (凝心铸魂, ning xin zhu hun - "conge, cast, soul") and institutional efforts to strengthen the foundation and revitalize the essence (固本培元, gu ben pei yuan - "solidify, base, cultivate, origin")
In December 2016, General Secretary Xi Jinping made an important instruction on strengthening the construction of the Party's internal rules and regulations system, profoundly pointing out that "strengthening the construction of the Party's internal rules and regulations system is the long-term and fundamental strategy for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party." Based on the strategic overall situation of persisting in promoting full and rigorous self-governance of the Party and improving the system for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, the Plenary Session specifically set up a section to centrally elaborate on adhering to governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules, marking that our Party's understanding of the laws of managing and governing the Party and the laws of self-revolution has been elevated to a new height. The "Decision" constructs a trinity work framework of "establishing institutions," "enforcing rules," and "breaking malpractices," forming a closed-loop institutional arrangement from the three levels of improving the system of Party internal rules and regulations, enhancing institutional execution, and vigorously eliminating hidden rules, constituting the programmatic guideline for advancing governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules in the current and future period.
Improving the system of Party internal rules and regulations is the prerequisite and foundation for governing the Party through institutions. Governing the Party through institutions first requires good rules and sound institutions, achieving systematic completeness, scientific standardization, and effective operation. The "Decision" adheres to the unity of goal orientation, problem orientation, and practice orientation, adheres to advancing the establishment, revision, abolition, and interpretation of Party internal rules and regulations with the times, fills the institutional shortcomings in the fields of the Party's political construction, organizational construction, work style construction, discipline construction, and the fight against corruption, unblocks the connection bottlenecks between Party internal rules and regulations at different levels and in different fields, and promotes the formation of a system of Party internal rules and regulations with the Party Constitution as the foundation, supported by supporting regulations, covering all aspects and the entire process of Party construction. The construction of the Party internal rules and regulations system adheres to a systematic concept, coordinates substantive norms, procedural norms, and safeguard norms, transforms democratic centralism, the Party's fundamental organizational principle and leadership system, into operable and verifiable institutional arrangements, solidifies mature experiences and practices in the practice of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party into rigid institutional rules, and realizes that managing and governing the Party has rules to follow and regulations to rely on.
Enhancing institutional execution is the lifeline of governing the Party through institutions. The vitality of institutions lies in execution. If institutions idle and regulations are suspended, no matter how good the institutional design, it is just a scrap of paper. For a period of time, a small number of localities and units have had the phenomenon of emphasizing the promulgation of institutions while neglecting implementation and execution, emphasizing posting on walls and public announcements while neglecting supervision and accountability. The "scarecrow" problem of institutions has undermined the effectiveness of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party. The "Decision" highlights the strengthening of institutional rigidity and binding force, clearly requires compacting the primary responsibility of Party organizations at all levels for enforcing rules, improving the chain of responsibility lists for rule enforcement, supervision and inspection, assessment and evaluation, and accountability and disciplinary action, promoting Party organizations at all levels and Party members and cadres to consciously respect institutions, strictly implement institutions, and resolutely uphold institutions, achieving equality of everyone before institutions and no exceptions in implementing institutions. It urges Party members and cadres to develop the habit of exercising power and handling affairs within the institutional track, eliminating selective implementation, flexible implementation, and discounted implementation, so that iron rules take effect and prohibitions carry authority.
Vigorously eliminating hidden rules is a deep-seated problem that must be overcome in governing the Party through institutions. Hidden rules are the antithesis of explicit rules, are invisible lesions polluting the Party's internal political ecology, often hiding in links such as deliberation and decision-making, selection and appointment of personnel, political-business interactions, and supervision and management, eroding the authority of formal institutions, distorting normal intra-Party relations, and undermining the effectiveness of democratic centralism. The "Decision" incorporates the elimination of hidden rules into the overall arrangement for governing the Party through institutions, adheres to eliminating all evil and returning to the original good (正本清源, zheng ben qing yuan - "correct, root, clear, source"), and promoting the clear and eliminating the turbid. On the one hand, it continuously improves formal institutions to compress the space for hidden rules to breed and spread; on the other hand, it strengthens supervision and investigation, seriously rectifying and correcting behaviors such as believing in hidden rules, engaging in circle culture, wharf culture, and placing personal relationships above institutions, promoting explicit rules to truly dominate intra-Party political life, and creating clean and upright comradely relations and well-regulated superior-subordinate relations.
These three aspects support each other and are advanced as an integrated whole. Improving the system solves the problem of "having rules to rely on," strengthening execution solves the problem of "having rules that must be followed," and eliminating hidden rules solves the problem of "removing malpractices and restoring the foundation." Together they constitute the complete logical framework of the Plenary Session's deployment for governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules, and are the concrete and institutionalized expression of the core essence of adhering to governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules in Xi Jinping's thought on Party building.
Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party focuses on governing power, adhering to governing power through institutions and in accordance with rules
Full and rigorous self-governance of the Party focuses on governing power, which is an important component of the connotation and essence of the Fourteen Commitments in Xi Jinping's thought on Party building, connecting the historical logic of the Party's great self-revolution with the practical logic of full and rigorous self-governance of the Party in the new era. Power has a natural tendency to expand, and unchecked power will inevitably breed corruption. This is a major risk that a Marxist governing party must always be vigilant against. Our Party, as a long-term governing Marxist party, holds various powers of governing the country and the state. The fundamental goal of advancing full and rigorous self-governance of the Party is to control power, regulate the exercise of power, and ensure that public power is always used to seek happiness for the people.
From a theoretical logic perspective, one of the core propositions of Marxist party-building theory is to explore the path of checks and supervision on power under governing conditions. The century-long governance practice of the Communist Party of China is also a process of continuously exploring reliance on institutions to regulate power and prevent the alienation of power. During the revolutionary era, it relied on institutions to regulate the exercise of intra-Party power and prevent arbitrary and dictatorial behavior; after the founding of New China, it continuously explored power supervision mechanisms under governing conditions; entering the new era, the Party Central Committee has promoted institutional development with unprecedented intensity, forming a complete set of power checks and supervision systems. Governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules is the institutionalized expression of putting power in the cage of institutions. All Party internal rules and regulations and all Party institutions ultimately point to defining power boundaries, regulating power processes, supervising power exercise, and punishing power abuse. Whether it is the deliberation and decision-making system, the cadre selection and appointment system, the request-for-instructions and report system, or the supervision, discipline enforcement, and accountability system, the ultimate focus is on governing power.
From a practical logic perspective, in the various cases of discipline and law violations investigated and dealt with in full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, the root cause is mostly power escaping institutional constraints. Some leading cadres make decisions beyond their authority and approve matters in violation of regulations; some engage in interest transfer using power over resource allocation, project approval, and fund disbursement; some engage in personal arbitrariness and replace collective leadership with personal will. On the surface, these problems are cadre work style and discipline issues, but at a deeper level, they are the failure of institutional constraints on power operation. Advancing governing power through institutions and in accordance with rules means using institutions to delineate power boundaries, clarify what power can do and cannot do, what procedures power operation follows, and what responsibilities power misconduct bears, constructing a closed-loop institutional chain of power allocation, power exercise, power supervision, and power accountability.
Accurately grasping the connotation and extension of "institutions" in governing the Party through institutions is the premise for understanding governing power through institutions. According to the spirit of the Plenary Session, "institutions" in the context of governing the Party through institutions primarily and centrally refer to various institutions in the field of Party construction, with the main body being the system of Party internal rules and regulations, including Party internal rules and regulations at different levels such as the Party Constitution, guidelines, regulations, provisions, measures, rules, and detailed rules, as well as supporting normative institutional documents, specifically regulating intra-Party relations, Party organization operations, and the performance of duties by Party members and leading cadres. From a broad dimension, this institutional system extends outward to connect with the entire system of socialism with Chinese characteristics established by the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Upholding and Improving the System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Advancing the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity" adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party, covering the Party's leadership system, the system of the people being masters of the country, the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, and the Party and state supervision system. Intra-Party institutions and state institutions are organically connected and interact in both directions. Intra-Party institutions focus on managing the Party and governing power, while state institutions focus on governing the country and governing power. As the governing party, the Party's intra-Party power norms will lead and drive the standardized operation of state public power, and the achievements of intra-Party institutional development will continuously be transformed into the institutional effectiveness of national governance, realizing the coordinated advancement of governing the Party and governing the country.
Adhere to the organic unity of law-based governance and governing the Party in accordance with rules; the Party operates within the scope of the Constitution and laws
Governing the Party in accordance with rules is the basic method of managing and governing the Party, but governing the Party in accordance with rules cannot be isolated from the national legal system. The Second Central Conference on Comprehensive Law-based Governance established and enriched the core essence of Xi Jinping's thought on the rule of law, listing "adhering to the organic unity of law-based governance and governing the Party in accordance with rules" as the "Twelfth Adherence" item, pointing the direction for coordinating governing the Party in accordance with rules and law-based governance. Combined with the spirit of the Plenary Session, advancing governing the Party in accordance with rules primarily relies on Party internal rules and regulations, while at the same time must firmly anchor the bottom line of the Constitution and laws, coordinate the relationship between discipline and law, Party rules and national laws, and realize that the two complement each other to achieve a better result (二辅相成, er fu xiang cheng - "two, complement, mutually, complete"), promote each other, and guarantee each other.
Governing the Party in accordance with rules first relies on Party internal rules and regulations. The Party is an advanced Marxist party, with standards for Party members stricter than those for ordinary citizens; discipline is stricter than law, and discipline precedes law. Party internal rules and regulations are the institutionalized expression of the Party's unified will, specifically adjusting intra-Party affairs, regulating Party organization activities, Party member obligations, and leading cadre powers, clarifying political discipline, organizational discipline, integrity discipline, mass discipline, work discipline, and life discipline, and imposing higher standards and stricter requirements on Party members and cadres. Many behaviors do not yet constitute violations of law, but have already touched the red line of Party rules, and must be promptly dealt with in accordance with rules, grasping the early and small, nipping problems in the bud (防微杜渐, fang wei du jian - "prevent, tiny, block, gradual"), to prevent small problems from evolving into illegal and criminal acts. This is the unique functional advantage of governing the Party in accordance with rules, and an important support for our Party's self-purification and self-correction.
Governing the Party in accordance with rules cannot depart from the track of the Constitution and laws. The power of the governing party belongs to the category of public power, and the exercise of public power must be subject to the constraints of the Constitution and laws. Our country's Constitution clearly stipulates that all state organs and armed forces, all political parties and social organizations, and all enterprises and public institutions must abide by the Constitution and laws. No organization or individual may enjoy privileges beyond the Constitution and laws. The Communist Party of China is the governing party and must likewise operate within the scope of the Constitution and laws. All Party organizations at all levels, all Party members, and cadres have no special status beyond the Constitution and laws. Intra-Party decisions, deployments, and activities must not conflict with the Constitution and laws. The formulation of Party internal rules and regulations itself must also conform to the spirit of the Constitution and laws, establish a coordination mechanism for the connection between Party rules and national laws, do well in the integration of discipline and law and the connection between law and law, and form a joint mechanism for discipline enforcement and law enforcement.
To clarify the relationship between the two, two misunderstandings must be prevented. One misunderstanding is equating governing the Party in accordance with rules with law-based governance, believing that managing and governing the Party can directly apply national laws, weakening the unique functions of Party internal rules and regulations and lowering the discipline standards for Party members and cadres; the other misunderstanding is separating and opposing governing the Party in accordance with rules and law-based governance, believing that Party rules are the Party's "family law" that can operate on its own outside the national Constitution and laws, breeding privileged thinking. The correct direction is to adhere to integrated coordination. Only when governing the Party in accordance with rules penetrates the hearts of Party members can law-based governance penetrate the hearts of the people; use Party internal rules and regulations to manage Party members and cadres, guide Party members to take the lead in respecting, learning, abiding by, and using the law, and taking the lead in performing duties in accordance with the law, use full and rigorous self-governance of the Party to lead and guarantee comprehensive law-based governance, and form a sound pattern in which the Party manages and governs the Party in accordance with Party internal rules and regulations and governs the country in accordance with the Constitution and laws.
Based on the fundamental guidelines of the Party Constitution and the Constitution, keep a close eye on "top leaders" as the top priority
Governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules must avoid generalized advancement and equal effort, and must identify the focal points and grasp the key points. The "Decision" clearly points out two fundamental guidelines and core governance targets: the fundamental basis for governing the Party is rooted in the Party Constitution and the Constitution; the key targets for governing the Party are concentrated on "top leaders" at all levels. "Top leaders" hold the core power of a locality or a unit, with the most concentrated power and large discretionary space, and are most prone to problems of exceeding authority, monopolizing power, and abusing power. They are the weak link in power supervision and the top priority in governing power through institutions. The "Decision" specifically sets up institutional provisions to impose systematic governance constraints on the performance of duties and exercise of power by "top leaders," constructing a complete institutional chain from selection and admission, decision-making and power exercise, hierarchical supervision, peer supervision, to discipline enforcement and accountability. This is a landmark achievement of adhering to governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules with a focus on the "key minority."
The Party Constitution is the general charter for managing and governing the Party, and the Constitution is the general charter for governing the country and ensuring its stability (治国安邦, zhi guo an bang - "govern, country, pacify, nation"). Together they constitute the fundamental guidelines for governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules. The Party Constitution centrally stipulates the Party's nature and purpose, guiding ideology, organizational principles, rights and obligations of Party members, the Party's organizational system, and supervision system. All Party internal rules and regulations and all Party institutions originate from and obey the Party Constitution, and all arrangements for governing the Party through institutions cannot deviate from the requirements of the Party Constitution. Democratic centralism, as the Party's fundamental organizational principle established by the Party Constitution, runs through all provisions for constraining "top leaders." Selecting "top leaders" examines their attainment in democratic centralism, implementing the last-word expression system, prohibiting a situation where one person dominates all decisions (一言堂, yi yan tang - "one, speech, hall") and patriarchal style, and strengthening peer supervision within the leadership team are all ways of implementing the provisions of the Party Constitution into the actual exercise of power. The Constitution delineates the bottom line for the operation of public power, clearly stating that power comes from the people, and leading cadres must accept people's supervision when exercising power. "Top leaders," whether exercising intra-Party authority or administrative authority, must not break through the power boundaries set by the Constitution. The Party Constitution governs intra-Party governance, and the Constitution governs national governance. Governing the Party in accordance with rules takes the Party Constitution as its root and the Constitution as its boundary, with the two tracks running in parallel and working in the same direction.
Focusing on "top leaders" for institutional governance grasps the principal contradiction in governing power through institutions. "Top leaders" occupy a core position in the leadership team, with highly concentrated decision-making dominance, personnel recommendation power, and resource allocation power. Once institutional constraints fail, it is extremely easy to produce chain-type and collapse-type corruption, polluting the political ecology of a region or a department. The institutional design for "top leaders" in the "Decision" is a closed-loop institutional system. At the entry link, the selection and appointment of "top leaders" focuses on examining their attainment and ability in implementing democratic centralism, insisting on selecting and strengthening the team; at the decision-making link, responsibilities and authorities are clarified, the last-word expression system is implemented, and it is strictly prohibited for the secretary's special meeting to replace the Party committee standing committee's decision-making, establishing the rigid prohibition of "five must-nots" to eliminate individuals overriding the organization; at the supervision link, mechanisms for lower-level "top leaders" to report on their work, superior supervision talks, and peer supervision among team members are established, unblocking the two channels of top-down supervision and peer mutual supervision; at the responsibility and punishment link, the supervision and reporting responsibilities of Party committees and discipline inspection commissions are compacted, the high-pressure posture against corruption is maintained, with focus on investigating and dealing with corruption by "top leaders," family-style corruption, and new-type hidden corruption, resolutely breaking privileged illusions.
This set of institutional arrangements fully demonstrates the governance approach of grasping the "key minority" to drive and lead the "vast majority." Controlling "top leaders" means controlling the top of the power chain; if "top leaders" take the lead in abiding by institutions, exercising power in accordance with rules, and promoting democracy, it will form a "leading goose effect," driving the entire leadership team and the entire region and department to respect and implement institutions. Conversely, if "top leaders" are outside the institutions, the authority of institutions will be severely impacted, and the overall effectiveness of governing the Party through institutions will be greatly diminished. To advance governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules, it is necessary to take the provisions for constraining "top leaders" as a hard yardstick, continuously improve the power list, negative list, and supervision list for "top leaders," regularly carry out supervision and inspection of institutional implementation, and seriously pursue accountability for behaviors of "top leaders" that violate democratic centralism, engage in personal arbitrariness, and exercise power in violation of regulations, so that the institutional cage targeting "top leaders" is truly tightened and fastened. At the same time, using the control of "top leaders" as the driving force, extend and improve the power supervision institutions for leadership team members, middle-level cadres, and personnel in key positions, transmit pressure layer by layer, and promote the coverage of governing power through institutions across the entire chain of power operation.
On the new journey, to persist in promoting full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules is the long-term plan and the fundamental strategy. The "Decision's" deployment on governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with rules, based on improving the system of Party internal rules and regulations, strengthening institutional implementation, and eliminating hidden rules, builds the institutional framework for governing and managing the Party in accordance with rules in the new era. Institutional advantages will not automatically transform into governance effectiveness. Party organizations at all levels must continue to do well in studying and implementing the spirit of the Plenary Session, place institutional development in a prominent position in Party construction, grasp institutional supply on one hand to fill institutional shortcomings, and grasp institutional implementation on the other hand to strengthen rigid constraints, continuously eliminate hidden rules and uphold the authority of explicit rules. Guide the broad masses of Party members and cadres, especially "top leaders" at all levels, to firmly establish institutional awareness, rule awareness, and legal awareness, and consciously become accustomed to exercising power and carrying out work under institutional constraints. Rely on institutionalized, standardized, and normalized self-revolution, continuously purify the Party's internal political ecology, continuously improve the system for full and rigorous self-governance of the Party, ensure that the Party forever maintains its advanced nature and purity, always remains the strong leadership core of the cause of Chinese modernization, and provide lasting and stable institutional guarantees for building a strong country and national rejuvenation.
(The author is a member of the Academic Division of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Vice President of the China Law Society)
Return to TopBy: 刘世荣 吴水荣
In recent years, centering on the "dual carbon" goals, China has continued to advance the consolidation and enhancement of ecosystem carbon sink capacity. In 2025, the national forest coverage rate reached 25.09%, and forest growing stock reached 20.988 billion cubic meters. The "15th Five-Year Plan for Building a Beautiful China" further sets forth the target of reaching 22.4 billion cubic meters of forest growing stock by 2030.
For a long time, the contribution of forests to climate has been measured mainly from the perspective of the ecosystem itself, with a focus on how much carbon dioxide is absorbed and how much carbon storage is increased. Increasing and stabilizing forestry carbon sinks is the foundation, but it is not the whole story. Through scientific management and rational utilization, part of the carbon in forests can be transferred to products such as wood and bamboo for continued storage; renewable bio-based materials such as timber and bamboo can, under suitable conditions, substitute for fossil-based and high-carbon materials, further generating emission reduction benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to adopting a holistic perspective (树立系统观念, shou li xi tong guan nian - "establish, system, concept"), and, proceeding from the integrity of the ecosystem as a whole and the interconnections between forests and the economic and social system, to re-examine the formation, storage, utilization, and value realization of forest carbon. This means promoting the shift of carbon sinks from single-item sink enhancement to synergistic efficiency gains across the carbon "sink–storage–substitution" chain, from forest-ecosystem dominance to linkage between the ecosystem and the economic and social system, and from optimization of individual links to optimization of the overall climate benefits of the entire system, thereby advancing the high-quality development of forestry carbon sinks.
From single-item sink enhancement toward synergistic efficiency gains across the carbon "sink–storage–substitution" chain
The ecosystem is the foundation for the development of forestry carbon sinks. In the future, enhancing forestry carbon sink capacity requires both continuing to scientifically carry out land greening and paying greater attention to improving the quality of existing forests, optimizing their structure, and carrying out scientific protection and rational management. Research conducted by Chinese scientists using approximately 415,000 permanent forest inventory plots and records of more than 18 million trees nationwide shows that, in the simulated forest biomass carbon sink for 2020–2100, existing forests contribute approximately 70.4 percent; through management measures such as optimizing forest regeneration and appropriately extending rotation periods for harvesting, it is also possible to further increase carbon storage by approximately 2.3 billion tons, and to stably store approximately 1.9 billion tons of carbon in wood products. This shows that future forest sink enhancement depends not only on "how much forest is added," but also on whether existing forests can be well protected, well managed, and improved in quality.
Forest sink enhancement is not the end point of the carbon cycle; strengthening the capacity for "storage" is of vital importance. When forests enter the social production process through sustainable management and rational harvesting, the carbon within them is transferred from the forest ecosystem into the product system. Short-lived wood products have a relatively fast carbon turnover, whereas long-lived wood products such as construction timber and furniture can preserve carbon for longer. With the research, development, and application of new wood-based functional materials, the production of wood-based materials will be further expanded, the performance and stability of wood-based functional materials will be improved, and new application scenarios will be developed. Therefore, forest carbon management must answer not only "how much carbon is absorbed," but also, after harvesting, "where does the carbon go and how long can it be stored."
In addition to "sink" and "storage," attention should also be paid to "substitution." If bio-based materials such as timber and bamboo, under conditions consistent with ecological carrying capacity and sustainable management requirements, can substitute for high-carbon materials such as steel, cement, and fossil-based plastics, they may reduce greenhouse gas emissions in other economic sectors. But "renewable" does not naturally mean "low-carbon." Substitution benefits need to be assessed from a full life-cycle perspective, comprehensively considering raw material sources, processing energy consumption, transportation, product lifespan, recycling and reuse, and waste disposal, and clearly defining the substituted product as the baseline scenario. Only by placing the forest end, the product end, and the substituted object within the same system can the net climate benefit be scientifically determined.
"Sink–storage–substitution" is not three mutually independent goals, but rather the continuous climate benefits formed by forest carbon at different stages. Forestry carbon sinks should shift from "increasing carbon in forests" to optimizing the flow, storage, and substitution effects of carbon in the forest–product–economic and social system, achieving synergistic efficiency gains across the entire value chain.
Achieving systematic optimization through coordination of protection and sustainable utilization
Adopting a holistic perspective, the key lies in scientifically understanding the relationship between forest protection and sustainable utilization. Protecting forests is the foundation for giving play to their climate functions. Forests not only absorb and store large amounts of carbon, but also perform multiple ecological functions such as biodiversity conservation, water source conservation, and soil and water retention. Against the backdrop of climate change, risks such as extreme heat, drought, fire, and pests and diseases are increasing, and carbon already fixed in forests likewise faces challenges to its stability and permanence. Therefore, for natural forests, key ecological function zones, and ecologically fragile areas, priority should be given to maintaining the integrity, diversity, stability, and sustainability of the ecosystem, so that forestry carbon sinks can both "be increased" and "be stored securely."
But protection does not mean that all forests should cease management and utilization. For forests that bear the function of resource supply and possess conditions for sustainable management, a series of scientific management measures such as stand tending, structural adjustment, tree species optimization, and rational harvesting can, on the basis of maintaining ecological functions, continuously provide renewable wood and bamboo resources. When these resources are made into long-lived products, they can extend carbon storage time; when they substitute for high-carbon materials in suitable scenarios, they can also extend the climate value of forests into the economic and social system, achieving synergistic efficiency gains in pollution reduction and carbon reduction. Therefore, what truly needs to be answered is not the general question of "protection or utilization," but rather which forests should be primarily protected, which forests are suitable for scientific management, and what kind of utilization approach can, on the premise of maintaining ecosystem health, generate higher comprehensive climate, economic, and social benefits.
From a systematic perspective, simply pursuing the maximum carbon storage of the forest ecosystem itself does not necessarily equate to the maximum climate benefit of the entire economic and social system; conversely, unilaterally expanding biomass utilization divorced from the ecological carrying capacity of forests may also damage the stability of forest carbon pools, biodiversity, and other ecosystem services. Forestry carbon sinks need to move from single-objective management toward multi-objective coordination, seeking systematic comprehensive optimization among carbon sinks, biodiversity, resource supply, and economic and social benefits. Ecological protection and restoration help safeguard forest carbon assets and their ecological foundation, while sustainable utilization can, under suitable conditions, extend and increase the climate value of forest carbon resources.
Advancing coordinated governance across the full value chain, across sectors, and across multiple objectives
The coordination of carbon "sink–storage–substitution" not only enhances the scientific understanding of forests' climate contribution, but also means that the objects and boundaries of climate governance need to be correspondingly expanded. Traditional governance is usually carried out separately according to different domains such as forestry, industry, energy, construction, and consumption, whereas forestry carbon sinks, carbon storage in products, and substitution of bio-based materials in fact span both the natural ecosystem and the economic and social system. If the forest end, the industrial end, and the consumption end are fragmented from one another and each is accounted for separately, then even if individual links are continuously optimized, it may not necessarily produce greater climate benefits for the entire system. Therefore, it is necessary to move from departmentalized, single-link governance toward coordinated governance across the full value chain, across sectors, and across multiple objectives.
On the one hand, it is necessary to expand from focusing on "carbon sequestration volume" to focusing on "carbon flow," monitoring not only how much carbon forests absorb and store, but also tracking what products carbon enters, how long it can be preserved, how it is recycled and reused, and what it ultimately substitutes for, and promoting the linkage of forest resource surveys, long-term ecological observation, and remote sensing monitoring with product carbon footprints, life-cycle assessment, and industrial data. On the other hand, it is necessary to establish accounting methods with clear boundaries and consistent logic. Forestry carbon sinks, carbon storage in forest products, and material substitution have different time scales and accounting logics and cannot be simply added together; when carbon credit trading is involved, issues such as baselines, additionality, permanence, leakage, and double counting must also be properly handled. At the same time, it is necessary to promote the transformation of scientific value into policy value and market value. Sink-enhancing activities at the forest end that meet the conditions can be linked with carbon credit mechanisms, while at the product end, climate attributes can be reflected through carbon footprint management, green procurement, green finance, low-carbon product certification, and green consumption, and the downstream green value can be channeled appropriately back upstream to support forest protection and sustainable management.
The holistic perspective is also reflected in the expansion of forest climate governance from a single natural ecological carbon sink toward a holistic understanding of coordinated governance between the natural ecosystem and the economic and social system. In the future, the participation of forests in climate governance should not be understood merely as performing carbon absorption and storage functions; rather, in light of specific conditions, the multiple benefits formed in ecological protection, climate adaptation, renewable resource supply, carbon storage in products, and material substitution should be comprehensively considered. China has long carried out large-scale land greening and forest protection and restoration, forest development now places greater emphasis on quality improvement and scientific management, and at the same time possesses a relatively complete wood and bamboo industry system and continues to advance the construction of carbon markets, green finance, and mechanisms for realizing the value of ecological products, providing a practical foundation for exploring coordinated governance between the forest ecosystem and the economic and social system.
Judging from practice since the "dual carbon" goals were put forward, the role of forests in addressing climate change is expanding from a single natural ecological carbon sink toward more diverse, systematic, and comprehensive functions. The focus of future forestry carbon sink development should not be to maximize the carbon indicator of any single link, but rather, on the basis of maintaining the health, stability, and biodiversity of the forest ecosystem, to coordinate protection, management, utilization, storage, substitution, and recycling, seeking the optimization of comprehensive climate benefits across the entire value chain.
(The authors are respectively an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Forestry; and a second-level researcher at the Chinese Academy of Forestry)
Return to TopBy: 刘友宾
The "15th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of a Beautiful China" proposes: "Deepen the international dissemination of ecological civilization concepts and the practice of building a Beautiful China, use the construction of a Beautiful China to promote the global green and low-carbon transition, and strive to promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind." Doing a good job in the international dissemination of ecological civilization and telling China's story of ecological civilization construction to the outside world will help the international community understand and comprehend China, and promote China's deep integration into the global environmental governance system.
The Practical Significance of Doing a Good Job in the International Dissemination of Ecological Civilization
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has actively participated in global environmental governance, strengthened international cooperation in areas such as addressing climate change, marine pollution control, and biodiversity conservation, and contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese strength to jointly building a clean and beautiful world, becoming an important leader in global ecological civilization construction. In contrast, a few countries are keen on unilateralism and protectionism, causing serious impacts on international rules and the international order, hindering the pace of green and low-carbon development, and bringing new challenges to global environmental governance. There are even individual countries that have extremely politicized ecological issues, playing the "environmental card" against China and exerting pressure from multiple directions, making the great-power game over ecological and environmental issues very intense.
The international dissemination of ecological civilization is an important force for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Ecological and environmental issues naturally transcend national borders and have the attribute of international communication. China's ecological civilization theory and practice provide rich and vivid material for international communication. Strengthening the international dissemination of ecological civilization and cultivating the mainstream values of ecological civilization will help form a joint force to protect the planet we call home and jointly build a clean and beautiful world of harmony between humanity and nature.
The Important Forces of the International Dissemination of Ecological Civilization
Major-country diplomacy injects strong momentum into the international dissemination of ecological civilization. President Xi Jinping emphasized, "Let a good ecological environment become a growth point for people's lives and a focal point for demonstrating China's good image" and "deepen participation in global environmental governance, enhance China's voice and influence in the global environmental governance system, actively guide the direction of changes in the international order, and form solutions for world environmental protection and sustainable development." On September 7, 2013, during a speech at Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan, President Xi Jinping for the first time on an international occasion put forward the core concept of ecological civilization that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets," contributing Chinese wisdom to global sustainable development. President Xi Jinping has also, at international occasions such as the United Nations General Assembly, the Paris Climate Change Conference, the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the Leaders Summit on Climate, the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the 14th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, and the Leaders' Summit on Climate and Just Transition, expounded that Chinese civilization has always emphasized harmony between humanity and nature (天人合一, tian ren he yi - "heaven, human, combine as one"), respect for nature, expressed China's determination and confidence in building a Beautiful China, and led the trend of the times in jointly building a community of life on Earth.
International environmental conferences and related commemorative days are important platforms for the international dissemination of ecological civilization. Since the new era, China has actively participated in international environmental conferences such as those under the Convention on Biological Diversity and on addressing climate change, deeply integrated into the global environmental governance system, and demonstrated its influence in the international environmental public opinion arena. In particular, from 2021 to 2022, China, as the presidency, hosted the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15). During the meeting, the story of Yunnan elephants heading north and then returning became a shining calling card of a Beautiful China, the "China Corner" held a rich variety of display activities, and the meeting reached the Kunming Declaration and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, which were highly praised by the international community and made it a landmark global environmental event. In addition, after hosting the main events of United Nations World Environment Day twice in 1993 and 2002, China hosted the main event of United Nations World Environment Day for the third time in 2019, sharing China's practices in air pollution control. Since 2017, China has continuously held national main events for World Environment Day, which have become an important platform for publicizing Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization.
News and public opinion are important means of international dissemination of ecological civilization. Since the new era, news media have actively carried out international dissemination of ecological civilization, showcasing the good national image of a Beautiful China. They have actively reported on China's principled positions on environmental protection, reported on the miracle of Saihanba's transformation from desert to forest sea, and the practical examples of rural environmental governance under Zhejiang's "Thousand-Village Demonstration and Ten-Thousand-Village Improvement Project," and other typical achievements in ecological civilization construction, which have been well received by the international community. In particular, not long ago, when American friend Saikesu reunited with Chinese sand-control model worker Yin Yuzhen, the media promptly reported the deeply moving story of two ordinary people from China and the United States transcending borders and time and space, joining hands to protect the ecological environment and forging a deep friendship, which touched countless people. At the same time, in the face of deliberate accusations and false reports against China by some Western countries and media, resolute responses have been made to firmly safeguard national interests and image.
Promoting Ecological Civilization to Better Reach the World
Make good use of the National Ecological Day platform. The "Ecological and Environmental Code of the People's Republic of China" stipulates, "Actively expound on China's ecological and environmental rule-of-law concepts, propositions, and successful practices, and promote the building of a fair, reasonable, and mutually beneficial global environmental governance system," and clearly designates August 15 of each year as National Ecological Day. From World Environment Day to National Ecological Day, the course of world environmental protection and development has been extraordinary and grand in scale (波澜壮阔, bo lan zhuang kuo - "waves, vast, magnificent"), and China's ecological civilization construction is leading the way at the forefront of a trend (勇立潮头, yong li chao tou - "bravely, stand, tide, head"). National Ecological Day belongs not only to China but also to the world. Using this as a window to tell China's ecological civilization story well and enhance the international influence of National Ecological Day can not only demonstrate China's determination and confidence in building ecological civilization, but also powerfully lead global ecological civilization construction and promote the joint building of a community of life on Earth.
Strengthen foreign exchanges on ecological culture. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized accelerating the construction of the ecological civilization system and accelerating the establishment and improvement of an ecological culture system based on ecological values. The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful China" further points out: "Tap into the excellent traditional Chinese ecological cultural ideas and resources, produce a batch of excellent ecological literary works, and promote the prosperity and development of ecological culture." The Chinese nation has always respected and loved nature, and the Chinese civilization that has lasted for more than 5,000 years has nurtured a rich ecological culture, creating the lofty pursuit of harmony between humanity and nature. However, in the eyes of some foreign researchers, "there is no view of nature that can be called a 'Chinese' concept, and one cannot even find such a genealogy." In response to these misunderstandings and prejudices, we must strengthen research on China's excellent traditional ecological culture, promptly clarify fallacies, and make China's voice heard. In the history of international environmental communication, classic literary works such as Walden, A Sand County Almanac, and Silent Spring have profoundly influenced the process of world environmental protection. Since the new era, Chinese ecological literature has flourished, becoming a grand and spectacular sight (蔚为壮观, wei wei zhuang guan - "become, extremely, magnificent"). Using literature to disseminate the values and concepts of ecological civilization and to showcase the myriad scenes of a Beautiful China is an important path for the international dissemination of ecological civilization.
Deepen cooperation and exchanges among environmental think tanks. In 2021, with the approval of the Party Central Committee, the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization was established. One of the center's important functions is to strengthen the international dissemination of ecological civilization, build an international communication platform, make full use of international occasions to publicize China's ecological civilization concepts and practices to the outside world, and promote Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization to further take root in people's hearts and go global. In the same year, the China International Communications Group took the lead in launching the Global Ecological Civilization Construction (Erhai) Forum in Dali, Yunnan Province, which has been held for five consecutive sessions so far, building a platform for global ecological civilization exchanges. In addition, China's environmental communication studies are also continuously developing. For example, foreign environmental communication books such as If Nature Does Not Stay Silent have been translated and published, and some universities and academic institutions have organized communication research and discussion activities on global hot environmental issues such as addressing climate change. In 2024, the first domestic Research Center for Ecological Civilization Communication was established, becoming an academic platform and think tank force in the field of ecological civilization communication.
(The author is the Chairman of the China Federation of Environmental Journalists, former Director of the Department of Publicity and Education of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and former Spokesperson.)
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The river basin economy is a new form of regional economy that relies on the natural geographic space of the river basin, is based on the river basin water cycle system, takes the sustainable use of water resources and the protection of the river basin ecosystem as preconditions, takes the integrity, systematic nature, and upstream-downstream interconnectedness of the river basin as its basic characteristics, and coordinates water security assurance, water resource development, water ecology protection, water environment governance, and coordinated regional economic development. Developing the river basin economy provides a practical spatial carrier and systematic framework for ecological civilization construction. The outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan proposes supporting the conduct of benefit compensation between upstream and downstream areas of river basins and between resource output areas and resource input areas, and expanding models such as the river basin economy in light of local conditions, pointing the direction for the development of the river basin economy.
At present, China's water resource endowment generally presents a pattern of "shortage in the north, abundance in the south." Unlike the model in southern water-rich regions where water resources support industrial expansion, the main constraint on river basin economic development in northern water-scarce regions is the rigid water resource endowment. Water-scarce regions expanding the river basin economic model face prominent contradictions and real bottlenecks. From the perspective of the natural cycle, water resources are scarce, and risks such as river channel drying up, groundwater over-extraction, and ecological function degradation are intertwined and coexist, with insufficient ecological environment carrying capacity; from the perspective of the social cycle, the contradiction between the integrity of the river basin and the fragmentation of administrative management has long existed, with resource misallocation and low overall effectiveness.
In the face of various real contradictions, the key to expanding the river basin economic model in water-scarce regions is to properly handle the relationship between "water" and development, and to support the sustainable development of the economy and society with the sustainable use of water resources. The main paths are: strengthening unified river basin planning, unified governance, unified dispatch, and unified management; coordinating elements such as water, land, ports, banks, industry, and cities; developing new quality productive forces; forming an economic form with coordinated ecological protection, economic development, and livelihood security; and constructing a development logic of "ecology first, development determined by water, the river basin as one chessboard, and orderly value transformation."
First, ecology first, to build a solid foundation for green development. A sound ecology is the premise and foundation for river basin economic development, and the ultimate goal lies in continuously enhancing the ecological environment carrying capacity of the river basin. Water resources should be treated as the greatest rigid constraint, strictly implementing the principle of "determining the city by water, determining the land by water, determining the population by water, and determining production by water," making it a precondition for urban development, industrial layout, and population scale, and realizing the shift of water resource management from "determining supply by demand" to "determining demand by supply." In terms of governance, establish an ecological environment monitoring and governance network covering the entire river basin, coordinate the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, coordinate upstream and downstream, left and right banks, and main streams and tributaries, and jointly advance pollution prevention and control, comprehensive soil and water loss governance, assurance of ecological water use in rivers and lakes, and protection of water source areas, transforming "segmented governance" into "whole-basin governance," and increasing capacity through governance. In terms of restoration, continue to advance river channel ecological restoration, wetland governance, and comprehensive governance of groundwater over-extraction, stabilize ecological base flow, repay historical debts, and expand capacity through restoration. In terms of industry, resolutely refuse to take the old path of polluting first and treating later (先污染后治理, xian wu ran hou zhi li - "first, pollute; after, treat"), develop green industries such as clean energy, ecological agriculture, cultural tourism, and energy conservation and environmental protection in light of local conditions, accelerate the green transformation of traditional industries, and reduce the burden through transformation. Increasing capacity through governance, expanding capacity through restoration, and reducing the burden through transformation — taking multiple approaches simultaneously (多管齐下, duo guan qi xia - "many, pipes, together, under") to enhance the ecological environment carrying capacity of the river basin and promote the sustainable development of the river basin economy.
Second, infrastructure first, to consolidate the foundation for interconnection and intercommunication of factors. The factors of the river basin economy include not only traditional factors such as land and capital, but also distinctive factors such as mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts, as well as new factors such as data. Water-scarce regions cannot rely on water resources to support industrial expansion; they may, in accordance with the national "six networks" construction layout, coordinate the advancement of networked and modernized infrastructure for transportation, energy, water conservancy, information, ecology, and municipal affairs. In terms of physical connectivity, open up "hard connections," promote the simultaneous planning and construction of the "six networks," realize the articulation of infrastructure construction with industrial layout, and couple the energy network with the water network and the computing power network. In terms of data connectivity, realize "soft connectivity," rely on the new generation of communication networks and computing power networks to build a unified river basin monitoring, sensing, and digital twin platform, and promote the "integration of four flows" — water flow, current flow, logistics flow, and data flow. In terms of functional integration, realize "value connectivity," promote the efficient allocation and mutual value enhancement of factors, and promote the transformation of water conservancy projects from single functions to comprehensive benefits.
Third, industrial coordination, to construct a "one chessboard" pattern of the river basin with complementary advantages. River basin industrial development involves many factors including water, land, ports, banks, industry, and cities, and must be advanced in a coordinated manner with systematic methodology. In terms of planning guidance, formulate a whole-basin industrial coordinated development plan, coordinate functional layout, and position according to the endowments of the upper, middle, and lower reaches — where agriculture is suitable, engage in agriculture; where industry is suitable, engage in industry; where tourism is suitable, engage in tourism. In terms of policy coordination, unify industrial access and water-saving and environmental protection standards, use green and low-carbon hard constraints to force the clearing of backward production capacity; encourage cross-regional co-construction of parks and joint research, promote the penetration of digital technology into traditional industries, promote the agglomeration of factors into clusters, and prevent homogeneous competition. In terms of interest coordination, improve the mechanism of cost sharing and benefit sharing, explore models such as output value and tax sharing and cross-regional realization of ecological product value, so that agglomeration dividends are reasonably distributed, support the simultaneous advancement of green transformation, intelligent upgrading, and industrial integration, and build an intelligent, green, and integrated river basin characteristic industrial system.
Fourth, innovate market mechanisms to promote orderly value transformation. Improve the benefit sharing and compensation mechanism, promote cooperation between upstream and downstream areas and between resource output areas and resource input areas in various forms such as financial compensation, industrial support, and talent support, promote the extension of compensation from "compensating for governance" to "compensating for development," and enable areas that protect the ecology to not suffer losses, to benefit, and to gain real advantages. Establish and improve the water rights initial allocation and water rights trading system, accelerate the water volume allocation of inter-provincial rivers, clarify regional water use rights and interests, regulate the water rights trading market, and encourage and guide water rights trading among regions, industries, and water users; strictly manage water withdrawal permits and pollutant discharge permits, strengthen the utilization of unconventional water sources, explore incorporating reclaimed water, rainwater, and mine water into unified water resource allocation, improve the efficiency of reclaimed water utilization, and perfect the river basin water resource allocation pattern. Strengthen the empowerment of science and technology, establish coupled models of hydrology, ecology, economy, and society with multiple factors, promote the river basin economy to move toward "data-driven coordination," and continuously stimulate the vitality of river basin economic development.
Return to TopThe vitality of institutions lies in their implementation. How can provisions written on paper become the yardstick for cadres' and employees' conduct and the guideline in their hearts? This is a practical question that grassroots units must answer in advancing rule-of-law-based and standardized development in the new era. Since 2025, the Tobacco Monopoly Administration (Company) of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province (hereinafter referred to as the Longhua District Administration (Company)) has fully implemented the work requirements of the development approach of "one goal, three-pronged development, six major systems" in the local commercial system of the industry, with rule-of-law-based development as a safeguard. Adhering to high-quality Party building as the guide, it has made institutional learning and publicity an important lever for consolidating the foundation of development, innovatively launched the "Institutional Platform" activity, and promoted all staff to "learn institutions, understand institutions, abide by institutions, and apply institutions," blazing a vivid path of using Party building to drive learning, using learning to promote standardization, and using standardization to strengthen the foundation.
Party building leads and steers the "steering wheel" of learning and publicity
In practice, the Party Leadership Group of the Longhua District Administration (Company) has deeply recognized that rule-of-law-based development is an important safeguard for "three-pronged development," and that institutional learning and publicity is a foundational project for advancing rule-of-law-based development. Institutional learning and publicity cannot be treated as mere "business training." The Party Leadership Group of the Longhua District Administration (Company) has included the "Institutional Platform" in the annual key tasks of Party building, established a leading group headed by the principal responsible person, set up two-level special work teams at the company and departmental levels, held mobilization and deployment meetings, and clarified the objectives, rules, and steps of the activity. Members of the Party Leadership Group took the lead in taking the platform, and section-level cadres led learning in light of their job responsibilities, forming a demonstration chain of "one level teaching by example for the next level to follow."
The Longhua District Administration (Company) has comprehensively sorted out post institutions by integrating the three dimensions of laws and regulations, higher-level requirements, and the actual conditions of the unit, and compiled a "List of Institutions That Should Be Known and Applied for Each Post." The list is categorized into "general + specialized" types. The general category covers laws and regulations and other content that all staff must learn; the specialized category distinguishes sequences such as monopoly management, marketing services, and comprehensive management, refined down to each post and each responsibility. The list is subject to dynamic management and is updated once a year according to the establishment, amendment, abolition, and interpretation of institutions. Each department organizes all staff to study item by item against the list, ensuring that learning has direction, learning has a yardstick, and learning has practical results.
Everyone takes the platform to activate the "power source" of institutional learning
Based on its personnel structure and business realities, the Longhua District Administration (Company) has regularly carried out the three-level platform activity of "micro-platform—small platform—large platform," stimulating the enthusiasm of cadres and employees for learning institutions, turning "I am asked to learn" into "I want to learn," and turning "passively listening" into "actively speaking."
The "micro-platform" activity is organized by departmental learning groups, held at least once a month, with all staff taking turns as the main speaker. From the post-60s generation to the post-00s generation, all cadres and employees take the platform and everyone speaks. One employee remarked: "If I hadn't spoken myself, I wouldn't have known; only after speaking did I realize that my previous understanding of some provisions was not deep enough, which forced me to calm down and thoroughly understand the reasoning behind the provisions." To help cadres and employees with weaker presentation skills overcome their "fear of the platform," each department has implemented a "partner system," arranging experienced colleagues to pair up and assist, helping with lesson preparation and mock rehearsals, ensuring that everyone can stand on the platform and explain institutions well.
The "small platform" activity is held once every two months, with representatives selected by each learning group to participate. On the platform, contestants explain institutions in light of their posts, while colleagues off the platform ask questions on the spot and give immediate comments. In one "small platform" activity in the marketing department, when a contestant was explaining the supply management institution, colleagues off the platform pursued questions around "how to respond in accordance with regulations when retailers make abnormal supply demands," and both sides analyzed the institutional provisions sentence by sentence, ultimately clarifying the operational boundaries. "This kind of discussion is very meaningful. Once one question is thoroughly understood, a whole category of questions is understood," said the head of the marketing department.
The "large platform" activity is a company-level competition and showcase, held quarterly, with designated institutional explanation themes and on-site scoring and comments. Contestants each display their strengths: cadres and employees in monopoly posts use real case files to recreate law enforcement procedures, cadres and employees in marketing posts use data charts to show changes in customer satisfaction before and after institutional implementation, and cadres and employees in comprehensive posts turn the financial approval process into rhymes to aid memory. A special column for compiling the results of the "Institutional Platform" has also been opened simultaneously, enabling employees who cannot attend in person due to duty shifts or field work to study online, achieving full coverage.
The Longhua District Administration (Company) has introduced the "learn—review—simplify—teach" working method, using scenario simulations, role-playing, and other means to turn high-frequency post risk points into typical cases. After the drills, all observing personnel jointly comment, pointing out which practices conform to institutional provisions and which practices have compliance risks, making institutional provisions "come alive" in practical scenarios. The company has also established a four-dimensional evaluation system of "content mastery, comprehension and understanding, logical thinking, and verbal expression," with on-site scoring and immediate feedback, enabling cadres and employees to understand their strengths, recognize their shortcomings, and fill their gaps.
Integrating learning and application releases the "strong momentum" of standardized performance of duties
The purpose of learning lies entirely in application. The Longhua District Administration (Company) has established a closed loop of "learn institutions—understand institutions—apply institutions—improve institutions," promoting the focus of learning outcomes on primary responsibilities and core business and their transformation into management effectiveness.
Focusing on primary responsibilities and core business. In monopoly law enforcement, realistic drills are organized around administrative inspections involving enterprises, faithfully recreating daily law enforcement procedures. Around key elements and links such as law enforcement language and premises inspection procedures, potential problems are analyzed in depth, with centralized comments and exchanges. In administrative licensing, through institutional learning, the response time limits and operational standards for each link of acceptance, review, decision, and delivery are further standardized. In marketing services, immersive simulations and comprehensive assessments are carried out around core businesses such as supply, brand cultivation, and credit building, ensuring compliance in all aspects of work and steadily improving the level of standardized operations.
Transforming into management effectiveness. The Longhua District Administration (Company) integrates the results of institutional learning into various tasks of advancing reform and development, using institutions to consolidate foundations, enhance strengths, fill shortcomings, and strengthen weaknesses. Relying on a low-code platform, it has built an "institutional list database," realizing centralized management, intelligent retrieval, and dynamic updating of institutional documents. Employees can search for the provisions they need by entering keywords online. The work of establishing, amending, abolishing, and interpreting institutions is done well, promoting a more systematic, complete, scientific, standardized, and effective institutional system.
Normalization and long-term effectiveness paint the "panorama" of institutional learning
Institutional learning and publicity should be carried out regularly and cannot be a "passing gust of wind." The Longhua District Administration (Company) insists on integrating it into daily work and grasping it regularly, promoting the normalization and long-term effectiveness of institutional learning and publicity.
The three-level platform activity is carried out on a regular basis, adhering to the principle of "learning one section daily, studying one chapter weekly." The special work team determines the key learning texts for the current month at the beginning of each month, and each department organizes learning accordingly; at the end of each month, activity records, lecture materials, and participation status are checked. Quarterly assessments adopt the "speech + practical operation" method, examining both the degree of mastery of provisions and the ability to apply them in scenarios. At the same time, incentive orientation is strengthened, linking the results of institutional learning and publicity with annual assessments, rank promotions, and evaluations of excellence.
Innovating carrier forms. Exploring "bringing institutions to terminals," business backbone personnel are organized to go to retail customers to publicize monopoly laws and regulations and the requirements for honest operation, extending the "Institutional Platform" to frontline service scenarios. This not only helps customers enhance their compliance awareness but also tests the depth of their own understanding of institutions through interaction with customers.
The Longhua District Administration (Company) has used the "Institutional Platform" as a "golden key" to open a new situation in institutional learning and publicity, guiding cadres and employees from "passively listening to lectures" to "actively taking the platform," and promoting institutional norms from "provisions on paper" to "guidelines in the heart." What has changed is the form of learning—making institutions "come alive," making the platform "move," and making learning "heat up"; what remains unchanged is the belief in the rule of law—letting institutions take firm root and flourishing (落地生根, luo di sheng gen - "fall, land; grow, root"), making norms a matter of conscious action, and continuously improving governance effectiveness. In the future, the Longhua District Administration (Company) will adhere to high-quality Party building as the guide, use the "Institutional Platform" as the carrier, continuously improve the level of rule-of-law-based and standardized development, and consolidate the foundation of high-quality development through normalized and long-term effective institutional learning and publicity.
〔Tobacco Monopoly Administration (Company) of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province〕
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